WO2023282294A1 - 飛行機具及び運営方法 - Google Patents
飛行機具及び運営方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023282294A1 WO2023282294A1 PCT/JP2022/026858 JP2022026858W WO2023282294A1 WO 2023282294 A1 WO2023282294 A1 WO 2023282294A1 JP 2022026858 W JP2022026858 W JP 2022026858W WO 2023282294 A1 WO2023282294 A1 WO 2023282294A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
- B64C29/02—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis vertical when grounded
- B64C29/04—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis vertical when grounded characterised by jet-reaction propulsion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C39/00—Aircraft not otherwise provided for
- B64C39/02—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use
- B64C39/026—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use for use as personal propulsion unit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C13/00—Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
- B64C13/02—Initiating means
- B64C13/16—Initiating means actuated automatically, e.g. responsive to gust detectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C15/00—Attitude, flight direction, or altitude control by jet reaction
- B64C15/02—Attitude, flight direction, or altitude control by jet reaction the jets being propulsion jets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/38—Adjustment of complete wings or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/38—Adjustment of complete wings or parts thereof
- B64C3/56—Folding or collapsing to reduce overall dimensions of aircraft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C39/00—Aircraft not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C39/00—Aircraft not otherwise provided for
- B64C39/02—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/38—Adjustment of complete wings or parts thereof
- B64C3/40—Varying angle of sweep
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/38—Adjustment of complete wings or parts thereof
- B64C3/44—Varying camber
- B64C3/48—Varying camber by relatively-movable parts of wing structures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to aircraft equipment and methods of operation. This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-113544 filed in Japan on July 8, 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- Airplane equipment that allows humans to fly with a propulsion system attached has been developed (for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- the flying equipment is used, for example, to help move rescue workers in order to contribute to mountain rescue.
- the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and aims to provide an aircraft tool that has high flight performance and does not require high piloting skills that require a long time to master.
- An airplane tool comprises a thrust device that applies thrust during flight, wings that maintain an attitude during flight and change the direction of flight, and a control unit that controls the strength of the output of the thrust device. and an attachment/detachment portion that can be attached/detached by the user.
- the attitude can be stabilized even during takeoff and landing, including vertical takeoff and landing.
- the lift generated by the wings reduces the thrust required for flight and improves the fuel efficiency of the thruster. Therefore, flight time and flight time can be improved. From these, high flight performance can be provided.
- the strength of the thrust is controlled by the control unit.
- the control unit As a result, depending on the user, only a simple operation such as acceleration or deceleration and a direction change by the wing may be performed, so that the operation can be made more intuitive. Therefore, it can be an airplane tool that does not require high piloting skill. Furthermore, it has an attachment/detachment part that can be easily attached/detached by the user. This allows multiple people to share the flying equipment.
- control unit may control the flight attitude and flight direction of the wings and the output of the thrust device.
- control unit controls the control of the flight attitude and flight direction by the wings, and the control of the output of the thrust device.
- autonomous flight is possible using flying equipment. Thereby, it is possible to fly without any operation by the user. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the need for the user's operation skill.
- an attitude sensor for detecting the attitude of the flying equipment may be further provided.
- an attitude sensor is further provided.
- the control unit By using information detected by the attitude sensor for control by the control unit, more stable autonomous flight can be achieved. Furthermore, even when flying by the user's control, by using information from the attitude sensor as an auxiliary, more stable flight can be achieved.
- a position sensor that grasps the flight point may be further provided.
- a position sensor is further provided.
- the flight can be performed by selecting the shortest route by the control unit.
- a communication unit that communicates with the outside may be further provided.
- a communication unit is further provided. Thereby, in addition to the operation by the user and the flight controlled by the control unit, the flight can be performed by remote control from the outside.
- the wings may be foldable.
- the wings can be folded. Therefore, it is possible to improve the mobility when transporting the flying equipment.
- the wings can be retracted to reduce resistance, and during low-speed flight, takeoff and landing, the wings can be deployed to make it easier to obtain aerodynamic force. Therefore, it is possible to further improve mobility.
- the operation method according to the present invention is a management method in which the aircraft equipment is shared by a plurality of the users, and the users wear the aircraft equipment and fly from the departure point to the destination using the aircraft equipment. Afterwards, only the flying implement flies from the destination to the departure point.
- the flying gear after the user wears the flying gear and flies from the departure point to the destination using the flying gear, only the flying gear flies from the destination to the departure point.
- This allows one flying tool to be shared by multiple users. Therefore, it is possible to move a plurality of personnel without preparing a plurality of flying equipment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a flight tool according to the present invention
- FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram showing an example of an airplane tool according to the present invention
- 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a flight control device of a first example of control
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an attitude control system using quaternion feedback
- 4 is a flow chart showing the flow of a series of processes of a control unit
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing how the aircraft is flying.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a flight control device of a second example of control;
- an airplane tool 100 is used by a user H to fly in the air and move from a starting point A to a destination B.
- a plurality of users H can use the flying tool 100 .
- the user H removes the flying gear 100 .
- an autonomous solo flight is performed using only the flying gear 100, and the flight returns from the destination B to the departure point A. In this way, one flying tool 100 is shared by a plurality of people.
- the flying tool 100 is used for the following purposes. That is, for example, a mountain rescue team uses it to fly from a headquarters base (departure point A) set up at the foot of a mountain to a rescue site (destination B) on a mountain trail. Also, after the first rescuer arrives at the destination B, the airplane tool 100 returns to the starting point A by itself, so that the second rescuer goes to the rescue site. By repeating this, one flying tool 100 is used to dispatch a plurality of rescue workers to their destinations. In addition to the uses described above, it may also be used to transport a rescuer on the ground to a waiting helicopter in the air.
- the aircraft 100 includes a thrust device 10, a wing 20, a control section 230, an attachment/detachment section 30, a detection section 204, a communication section 202, a storage section 206, and a power source. 208 and a drive unit 210 .
- the control unit 230, the communication unit 202, the detection unit 204, the storage unit 206, the power source 208, and the drive unit 210 used to control the aircraft 100 are referred to as the flight control device 200. I have something to do.
- ⁇ W shown in FIG. 2 represents one earth-fixed coordinate ⁇ W of the inertial coordinate system
- OW represents the origin of the earth-fixed coordinate ⁇ W
- the XW axis represents true north
- the YW axis represents east.
- ZW -axis represents the vertical downward direction.
- the principal axis of inertia is defined as the fuselage - fixed coordinate system of the airframe 100
- the XB axis in the figure represents the principal axis of inertia of the airframe when the center of gravity of the airframe 100 is taken as the origin
- the ZB axis is the axis of the airframe.
- the YB axis represents the right direction in the direction of travel of the fuselage.
- the XB axis represents the roll axis XB
- the ZB axis represents the yaw axis ZB
- the YB axis represents the pitch axis YB .
- the thrust device 10 provides thrust during flight.
- a known jet engine for example, is preferably used as the thrust device 10 .
- the output of the thrust device 10 is controlled by the control section 230 (described later).
- the wing 20 maintains the attitude during flight and changes the direction of flight.
- the change of direction by the wings 20 may be operated by the control unit 230 that receives an input signal from the user H, or may be controlled by the control unit 230 that acquires results from various sensors.
- the size of the wing 20 is appropriately determined in consideration of the physique including the height and weight of the user H who uses the flying device 100 .
- the wing 20 has a link mechanism and can be folded like a bird's wing.
- the above wing spans are for the wing 20 in the spread state.
- the wings 20 By being able to fold the wing 20, it has the following functions. That is, during high-speed flight, the wings 20 are folded into a smaller size to reduce air resistance, and during low-speed flight, takeoff and landing, the wings 20 are expanded to obtain aerodynamic force. Further, the wings 20 may be folded when the flying tool 100 is not in use, thereby contributing to mobility during transportation.
- the structure is not limited to the above, and the wings 20 may have a structure that can be deployed and retracted by providing a telescopic structure instead of being folded. Alternatively, it may be flat without a foldable structure.
- the blade 20 includes various actuators in addition to the link mechanism described above, and can rotate around the roll axis XB , the yaw axis ZB , and the pitch axis YB shown in FIG. (described later).
- the control unit 230 controls the strength of the output of the thrust device 10. Specifically, the thrust is increased or decreased according to the conditions of high-speed flight, low-speed flight, and takeoff and landing. This contributes to more stable flight.
- the aforementioned output control may be performed by the control unit 230 receiving input from the user H via an interface (not shown). Alternatively, the control unit 230 may perform autonomous control based on various information provided from the detection unit 204 (described later).
- control unit 230 may control the flight attitude and flight direction of the wing 20 . That is, the controller 230 may receive an input from the user H via an interface regarding the shape and orientation of the wing 20 , and the controller 230 may appropriately operate actuators provided on the wing 20 . Alternatively, the control unit 230 may control the wing 20 based on various information provided by the detection unit 204 (described later) (hereinafter, control based on information from the sensor unit that does not depend on user input is referred to as autonomous control). . In this way, the control unit 230 controls the thrust device 10 and the wings 20 by accepting the operation by the user H via the interface or by autonomous control. In other words, the control unit 230 may be used to complement the operation by the user H, or may be used to fly the aircraft 100 autonomously.
- the attachment/detachment part 30 is used by the user H to attach the flying tool 100 . Moreover, the attachment/detachment part 30 is made into the structure which the user H can attach or detach easily. For example, a structure including a structure to be hung on the shoulder like a general rucksack and a fastener for fixing to the user H may be used. Alternatively, in a state where each user H is equipped with an attachment member having a shape corresponding to the attachment/detachment section 30, the attachment member and the attachment/detachment section 30 may be appropriately fixed.
- the detection unit 204 detects each state of the airplane tool 100 in flight.
- the detection unit 204 includes, for example, an orientation sensor, a position sensor, and an acceleration sensor.
- the attitude sensor detects the attitude of the flying implement 100 during flight. Specifically, with respect to an arbitrary reference posture (for example, a state in which the user H wears the flying device 100 and stands perpendicular to the ground), how many degrees are rotated in each three-dimensional axial direction? detect whether
- the position sensor detects the position of the flying implement 100 during flight.
- a known GPS sensor is preferably used as the position sensor.
- the position may be grasped by transmitting radio waves from the starting point A or the destination B and detecting them with a radar. In this way, it is confirmed whether the aircraft 100 can move from the departure point A to the destination B along the planned route.
- the acceleration sensor detects the acceleration or velocity of the flying implement 100 during flight. This complements the control when the flying tool 100 performs autonomous flight.
- the control unit 230 uses the information detected by the above-described sensors to control the thrust device 10 and the wings 20, thereby stabilizing flight control. Information from the detection unit 204 may be used when the thrust device 10 and the wing 20 of the air implement 100 are autonomously controlled by the control unit 230 as described above. In addition, even when the flying implement 100 is being operated by the user H, it may be used to supplement the operation by the user H.
- the communication unit 202 is used to communicate between the flying tool 100 and the outside.
- the communication unit 202 is used, for example, to transmit similar operation information from the outside to the control unit 230 in place of the operation of the thrust device 10 and the wings 20 by the user H during flight. In this way, when the user H's piloting skill is inexperienced and autonomous solo flight by the control unit 230 is impossible, an operator who is skilled in maneuvering can operate from the outside. Alternatively, it may be used to contact the user H in flight, such as changing the destination B.
- FIG. 2 The configuration of the flight control device 200 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
- FIG. The control described below is an example of control applied when the above-described flying device 100 performs autonomous solo flight. In other words, the control of the flying tool 100 does not have to be based on the control described below.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the flight control device 200 of the first example of control.
- the flight control device 200 includes, for example, a communication section 202, a detection section 204, a storage section 206, a power supply 208, a drive section 210, and a control section 230. Further, the control of the blades 20 below is explained assuming that the blades 20 can be rotated around the roll axis XB , the yaw axis ZB , and the pitch axis YB shown in FIG. 2, or can be folded. do.
- the communication unit 202 performs wireless communication with an external device via a network such as a WAN (Wide Area Network).
- the external device may be, for example, a remote controller capable of remotely controlling the flying tool 100 .
- the communication unit 202 receives a command that instructs the attitude, speed, etc. that the flying tool 100 should take from an external device.
- the detection unit 204 includes, for example, an inertial measurement device in addition to the sensors described above.
- Inertial measurement devices include, for example, triaxial acceleration sensors and triaxial gyro sensors.
- the inertial measurement device outputs detection values detected by these sensors to the control unit 230 .
- the values detected by the inertial measurement device include, for example, accelerations and/or angular velocities in the horizontal, vertical, and depth directions, and velocities (rates) in the pitch, roll, and yaw axes.
- the detector 204 may further include a radar, finder, sonar, GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver, and the like.
- the detection unit 204 may further include an optical fiber sensor that detects the strain of the blades 20 and a pressure sensor that detects the pressure applied to the blades 20 .
- the storage unit 206 is realized by a storage device such as a HDD (Hard Disc Drive), flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory).
- a storage device such as a HDD (Hard Disc Drive), flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory).
- the storage unit 206 stores the calculation results of the control unit 230 as logs.
- the power supply 208 is, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery.
- the power supply 208 supplies power to the drive unit 210 and the control unit 230 .
- the power source 208 may also include solar panels and the like.
- the drive unit 210 includes, for example, a thrust actuator 212, a sweep actuator 214, a twist actuator 216, and a fold actuator 218.
- Thrust actuator 212 drives thrust device 10 to provide thrust to air implement 100 .
- Sweep actuator 214 rotates wing 20 about yaw axis ZB.
- Twist actuator 216 rotates wing 20 about pitch axis YB .
- the fold actuator 218 deploys and folds the wing 20 along the pitch axis YB .
- the control unit 230 is implemented by executing a program stored in the storage unit 206 by a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit).
- a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit).
- the control unit 230 may be realized by hardware such as LSI (Large Scale Integration), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array). may be realized by
- the control unit 230 controls the thrust actuator 212 when the air implement 100 is pitched up by 90 degrees, that is, when the air implement 100 is in a state in which the air implement 100 is directed upward by the thrust device 10 . 10 is driven.
- the flying device 100 takes off like a tail-sitter type VTOL (Vertical Take Off and Landing) drone.
- the tail-sitter system is a flight system in which the aircraft takes off from a 90-degree pitch-up state, returns the nose to a horizontal position at a certain altitude, and flies with the lift generated by the wings 20 .
- attitude error since the attitude change is large, if ZYX Euler is used to calculate the attitude error, it becomes a singular attitude when the ZB axis is plus or minus 90 degrees during takeoff and landing, and it cannot be expressed.
- attitude expression In flight mimicking a bird using the wings 20 according to the present embodiment, there is a high probability that a large attitude change will occur, so attitude expression without a singular attitude is necessary.
- quaternions To solve this problem, we employ quaternions to calculate the attitude error.
- a quaternion is represented by Equation (1) using a three-dimensional unit vector r and its rotation angle ⁇ .
- Equation (2) the deviation qe between the desired attitude and the current attitude is expressed by Equation (2) using a quaternion matrix.
- the deviation q e indicates how much and which axis should be rotated in the current body-fixed coordinate system in order to bring the current attitude of the body closer to the target attitude.
- the control unit 230 performs feedback control by making the vector part of qe correspond to the fuselage - fixed coordinates XB, YB , and ZB axes.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an attitude control system using quaternion feedback.
- controller 230 controls sweep actuator 214, twist actuator 216, and fold actuator 218 to control the attitude of airplane 100 in the XB, YB , and ZB axes .
- the control unit 230 performs PID (Proportional-Integral-Differential Controller) control of actuators corresponding to each axis.
- PID control is represented by equations (3) to (5).
- ⁇ x represents the twist rudder angle of the wing 20, that is, the twist angle
- ⁇ y represents the elevator rudder angle
- ⁇ z represents the rudder rudder angle
- K P represents the proportional gain
- K I represents the integral gain
- K D represents the derivative gain
- Kj is a gain for correcting the gyroscopic moment of the airframe.
- control unit 230 calculates the target attitude using the error distance between the current position and the target position of the air tool 100, as shown in FIG. Based on the calculated target attitude, the control unit 230 controls the twist actuator 216 to control the attitude of the flying implement 100 .
- the target posture may be specified from an external device as a command.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a series of processes of the control unit 230. As shown in FIG. The processing of this flowchart may be performed repeatedly at a predetermined cycle, for example.
- control unit 230 acquires a command from an external device via the communication unit 202 (step S100).
- the command includes, for example, the attitude that the flying implement 100 should take, that is, the target attitude qr .
- control unit 230 calculates the current attitude qc of the air tool 100 based on the detection result of the detection unit 204, and calculates the deviation qe between the calculated current attitude qc and the target attitude qr .
- the deviation qe includes quaternions qex , ey , and ez corresponding to the fuselage - fixed coordinates XB , YB, and ZB axes.
- control unit 230 calculates the twist steering angle ⁇ x , the elevator steering angle ⁇ y , and the rudder steering angle ⁇ z as control amounts by PID control based on the calculated deviation q e (step S104).
- control unit 230 sends control signals based on the calculated steering angles ⁇ x , ⁇ y , ⁇ z to each actuator to control each actuator (step S106). This completes the processing of this flowchart.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing how the flight tool 100 flies.
- the example shown in the drawing shows a situation when the flying implement 100, which is flying horizontally at a constant altitude, lands.
- G in the figure is the target landing point.
- the landing point G may be a one-dimensional point, a two-dimensional surface, or a three-dimensional space.
- the control unit 230 controls the sweep actuator 214 to rotate the wing 20 around the yaw axis ZB , thereby moving the wing 20 forward of the fuselage. This raises the nose of the flying implement 100 .
- the control unit 230 also controls the fold actuator 218 to extend the blade 20 further in the pitch axis YB direction.
- the controller 230 raises the nose of the flying tool 100 .
- the flying tool 100 shifts to a 90-degree pitch-up state while lifting the airframe at times t2, t3, and t4.
- the flying tool 100 can quickly decelerate because the drag force of the entire fuselage increases.
- the control unit 230 controls the thrust actuator 212 to lower the aircraft 100 to the destination B while hovering.
- the blade 20 extends in the pitch axis YB direction.
- the stall can be suppressed by obtaining aerodynamic force.
- the flight performance of the flying tool 100 can be improved.
- the wing 20 in addition to the fold mechanism that expands and contracts the wing 20 in the direction of the pitch axis YB , the wing 20 is further rotated around the yaw axis ZB , and the wing 20 is moved along the fuselage.
- the wing area of the wing 20 is reduced. and the amount of change in shape can be increased. As a result, changes in lift and moment are increased, and the agility of the flying implement 100 can be improved.
- the blades 20 described above can perform the sweep operation, the twist operation, and the fold operation symmetrically or asymmetrically.
- the wing 20 is also applicable not only to flight structure applications, but also to wind or tidal power blades and other structures that receive forces from fluids.
- DQN Deep Q-Network
- Q action value function
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the flight control device 200A of the second example of control.
- the model information 300 is stored in the storage section 206A.
- the model information 300 is information (program or data structure) that defines the model MDL learned by Q-learning.
- the model MDL may be implemented, for example, by a neural network including multiple convolutional layers and a fully connected layer that integrates the outputs of the multiple convolutional layers.
- the model information 300 includes, for example, connection information indicating how the units included in each of the input layer, one or more hidden layers (intermediate layers), and the output layer that constitute each neural network are connected to each other, It contains various information such as a coupling coefficient assigned to data input/output between coupled units.
- the connection information includes, for example, the number of units included in each layer, information specifying the type of unit to which each unit is connected, an activation function that realizes each unit, a gate provided between hidden layer units, and so on. Contains information.
- the activation function that implements the unit may be, for example, a normalized linear function (ReLU function), a sigmoid function, a step function, or other functions.
- a gate selectively passes or weights data communicated between units, for example, depending on the value (eg, 1 or 0) returned by an activation function.
- a coupling coefficient includes, for example, a weight given to output data when data is output from a unit in a certain layer to a unit in a deeper layer in a hidden layer of a neural network.
- the coupling coefficients may also include bias components unique to each layer, and the like.
- the model MDL is learned to output an action-value function Q(s t , a t ), for example, when a state variable s t is input.
- the state variable s t is, for example, the current attitude q c or the desired attitude q r of the flying device 100 described above, or their deviation q e .
- the state variable st may include the velocity of the flying implement 100 instead of or in addition to the attitude and deviation.
- the detection unit 204 includes an optical fiber sensor that detects strain or a pressure sensor that detects pressure
- the state variable st may include strain and pressure that can be obtained from these sensors.
- a state variable s t including strain and pressure is an example of "displacement information".
- the action at is, for example, the control amount of the sweep mechanism, the control amount of the twist mechanism, the control amount of the fold mechanism, the rotation speed of the thrust device 10, the rudder angle of the elevator, the rudder angle of the rudder, and the like. That is, the action at is the amount of operation of each actuator of the drive unit 210 . Also, the action at may be the proportional gain KP , the integral gain KI , the differential gain KD , or the correction gain Kj of PID control. Also, the action at may be an index value indicating which of various controls such as PID control and hovering control is to be performed or not performed.
- the reward is increased and the weights and biases of the model MDL are learned.
- the reward may be increased when the attitude of the flying implement 100 is a pitch-up attitude of 90 degrees and the speed of the flying implement 100 is at a speed that can be regarded as stationary.
- the reward may be low (eg, zero) when the flying gear 100 is in contact with the ground, trees, or deviates from its stated altitude.
- the control unit 230 inputs the current attitude qc and the target attitude qr of the aircraft 100 as state variables st to the model MDL that has been trained so that a reward is given according to the action at. do.
- the model MDL to which these state variables s t are input outputs the operation amount of each actuator that tends to result in the highest reward as the action value function Q(s t , a t ).
- the control unit 230 causes the aircraft tool 100 to fly by controlling the actuators based on the operation amount of each actuator output by the model MDL.
- each actuator is controlled using the model MDL learned in advance by Q-learning, so it is possible to approximate the flight method of a bird. As a result, the agility of the flying tool 100 can be further improved.
- the nonlinearity Since the model MDL can be learned so as to output suitable behavior even under a certain environment, it is possible to adopt a flight method that has been difficult with conventional control.
- FIG. 1 Method of Operating Airplane Equipment
- FIG. 1 the operation according to this embodiment is performed when a plurality of users H share one airplane tool 100 and travel from a starting point A to a destination B.
- FIG. 1 the operation according to this embodiment is performed when a plurality of users H share one airplane tool 100 and travel from a starting point A to a destination B.
- control unit 230 receives an input from user H via an interface and flies.
- the first user H moves from the starting point A to the destination B.
- the user H puts on the flying gear 100 at the starting point A.
- the user H operates the interface to activate the flying implement 100 and instruct the thrust device 10 to output, thereby taking off in the vertical direction.
- the wings 20 are retracted by the folding mechanism. If there are obstacles such as trees around the starting point A, the wings 20 are retracted to the maximum by the folding mechanism.
- Wings 20 may be deployed if aerodynamic forces, such as the wake of thruster 10, are desired during takeoff.
- the deployment of the wings 20 may be performed by the user H, or may be assisted by the control unit 230 automatically deploying the wings 20 to the maximum extent at the same time as the flight gear 100 is activated. .
- the flying gear 100 After taking off to a sufficient height by the flying gear 100, it shifts to level flight. That is, the user H rotates the wing 20 in the direction of the pitch axis YB by the twist mechanism, or rotates it in the direction of the yaw axis ZB by the sweep mechanism, and shifts to the forward tilting posture. At this time, the wings 20 may be retracted during flight to reduce air resistance. Wings 20 may be deployed during flight to provide lift. The user H appropriately operates the interface during flight to adjust the flight attitude, flight height, flight direction, and flight speed. Note that the interface may display a map or the like that displays the current flight position. After approaching the destination by level flight, it shifts to the landing attitude.
- the user H rotates the wing 20 in the direction of the pitch axis YB or rotates it in the direction of the yaw axis ZB by means of the sweep mechanism, thereby shifting from the forward leaning posture to the upright posture.
- the wings 20 are retracted by the folding mechanism. If there are obstacles, such as trees, around destination B, the wings 20 are fully retracted by the folding mechanism.
- Wings 20 may be deployed if aerodynamic forces, such as the wake of thruster 10, are desired during landing.
- the wings 20 may be deployed by the user H, or the controller 230 senses that the user H has rotated the wings 20 and has shifted to the landing posture, and automatically deploys the wings 20 to enable use. Person H may be assisted.
- the flying device 100 After the first person arrives at the destination B by the flying device 100, only the flying device 100 returns to the starting point A by flying under autonomous control. After that, if necessary, the aircraft 100 is refueled, and the second user H attaches the aircraft 100 and moves to the destination B.
- a flight under autonomous control may be performed when only the aircraft 100 returns from the destination B to the departure point A as described above, or when the user H moves from the departure point A to the destination B. Even if there is, it may be performed when the user H is not familiar with the operation of the flying tool 100 or the like.
- the first user H who arrives at the destination B removes the flying gear 100 .
- the flying device 100 is instructed to return. Specifically, by inputting to the control unit 230 via the interface, the flying implement 100 is shifted to autonomous control.
- the detection unit 204 may detect that the user H has removed the flying tool 100, and automatically shift to autonomous control.
- the flying device 100 that has transitioned to autonomous control returns to the starting point A using the functions described above. That is, the control unit 230 controls the drive unit 210 to take off, and the information on the destination B and the departure point A stored in the storage unit 206 and the information on the current position of the aircraft 100 detected by the detection unit 204 are transmitted. , the driving unit 210 appropriately adjusts the traveling direction, and when the detection unit 204 detects that the departure point A is approached, the aircraft descends and lands.
- the controller 230 is instructed via the interface to move from the departure point A to the destination B by automatic control.
- the registration of the departure point A and the destination B in the storage unit 206 is performed as follows. That is, when the destination B is determined in advance before departure, the departure point A and the destination B are registered in the storage unit 206 via the interface or by the communication unit 202 before the start of flight by the airplane tool 100. good too.
- the destination B is not determined before departure (for example, when the rescuer uses the flying gear 100, the position of the rescuer is unknown and it is necessary to search for the rescuer from the air) registers only the starting point A in the storage unit 206 in advance.
- the first user H may register in the storage unit 206 via the interface after use, or the detection unit 204 detects the place where the flying implement 100 first lands, and automatically stores the information in the storage unit 206. You may register.
- the communication unit 202 may change the registered contents in the storage unit 206 .
- another person who is proficient in the operation may perform the flight operation using the communication unit 202 on the ground.
- the provision of the wings 20 makes it possible to receive aerodynamic forces during flight. Therefore, the attitude control can be performed effectively and stably as compared with the case of flying on a bullet trajectory like a rocket without having the wings 20 . In addition, the attitude can be stabilized even during takeoff and landing, including vertical takeoff and landing. Furthermore, the lift force generated by the wings 20 can reduce the thrust required for flight and improve the fuel efficiency of the thrust device 10 . Therefore, flight time and flight time can be improved. From these, high flight performance can be provided.
- control unit 230 controls the strength of the thrust force.
- the user H only needs to perform a simple operation such as acceleration or deceleration and change direction using the wings 20, which makes the operation more intuitive. Therefore, the flying tool 100 does not require high piloting skill.
- the attachment/detachment part 30 which the user H can attach or detach easily is provided. Thereby, the flying equipment 100 can be shared by a plurality of people.
- control unit 230 controls the control of the flight attitude and flight direction by the wings 20 and the control of the output of the thrust device 10 .
- autonomous flight by the flying tool 100 is possible.
- the user H can fly without performing any operation. Therefore, the operation skill of the user H can be made unnecessary.
- the airplane tool 100 can return to the starting point A by autonomous flight. Therefore, even when a plurality of users H move from the starting point A to the destination B, the one airplane tool 100 can be used. Therefore, it is possible to contribute to efficient rescue operations without preparing a plurality of flying tools 100 .
- attitude sensor By using information detected by the attitude sensor for control by the control unit 230, more stable autonomous flight can be achieved. Furthermore, even when the user H flies by maneuvering, by using information from the attitude sensor as an auxiliary, more stable flight can be achieved.
- the control unit 230 can select the shortest route for flight.
- a communication unit 202 is further provided. As a result, in addition to the operation by the user H and the flight controlled by the control unit 230, the flight can be performed by remote control from the outside.
- the wings 20 can be folded. Therefore, it is possible to improve the mobility when carrying the flying tool 100 . Furthermore, during high-speed flight, the wings 20 can be retracted to reduce resistance, and during low-speed flight, takeoff and landing, the wings 20 can be deployed to make it easier to obtain aerodynamic force. Therefore, it is possible to further improve mobility.
- the flying gear 100 flies from the departure point A to the destination B using the flying gear
- only the flying gear 100 flies from the destination B to the departure point A.
- one flying tool 100 can be shared by a plurality of users H. Therefore, it is not necessary to prepare a plurality of flying tools 100, and a plurality of personnel can be moved.
- the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the user H may use some method to record an arbitrary point in the position information output by the position sensor at any time.
- the wings 20 may be replaceable depending on the physique of the user H, the weather at the flight site, and the like.
- the flying tool 100 may have a tail.
- the tail when the user H is wearing the flying device 100, the tail may be retracted, and the tail may be deployed when performing autonomous solo flight. Also, the user H may remove the flying implement 100 from the body in the air during flight. After that, the user H may descend to the destination B by parachute or the like. At that time, the flying implement 100 may detect that it has been removed from the user H and return by automatic flight.
- Thrust device 20 Wing 30 Detachable part 100 Aircraft tool 230 Control part A Departure point B Destination H User
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年7月8日に、日本に出願された特願2021-113544号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、飛行機具は操縦者(人間)が装備した状態で運用されるのが前提となっている。このため、操縦者による姿勢制御が難しく、十分な飛行性能が得られなかったり、習熟に時間が必要であったりする旨の課題がある。
本発明に係る飛行機具は、飛行時の推力を付与する推力装置と、飛行時の姿勢を維持し、かつ飛行する方向を転換する翼と、前記推力装置の出力の強さを制御する制御部と、使用者が着脱可能な着脱部と、を備える。
更に、使用者が容易に着脱可能な着脱部を備える。これにより、複数人によって飛行機具を共有することができる。
図1に示すように、飛行機具100は、使用者Hが装着して空中を飛行し、出発地Aから目的地Bまで移動するために用いる。また、複数の使用者Hが飛行機具100を使用することができる。例えば、一人の使用者Hが飛行機具100を装着して出発地Aから目的地Bまで移動した後、使用者Hが飛行機具100を取り外す。その後、飛行機具100のみによって自律単独飛行を行い、目的地Bから出発地Aまで戻る。このように、1つの飛行機具100を複数人で共有して使用する。
翼20は、飛行時の姿勢を維持し、かつ飛行する方向を転換する。翼20による方向の転換は、使用者Hから入力信号を受け付けた制御部230によって操作されてもよいし、各種センサからの取得結果を取得した制御部230によって制御されてもよい。
本実施形態において、翼20の大きさは、飛行機具100を使用する使用者Hの身長、体重等をはじめとする体格を考慮の上適宜決定される。
また、本実施形態に係る翼20は、上述のリンク機構に加えて各種アクチュエータを備え、図2に示すロール軸XB、ヨー軸ZB、ピッチ軸YBまわりに回動することができるものとする(後述する)。
このように、制御部230は、使用者Hによる操作をインターフェイスを介して受理することによって、あるいは自律制御によって推力装置10及び翼20を制御する。つまり、制御部230は、使用者Hによる操作を補完するために用いられてもよいし、飛行機具100を自律単独飛行するために用いられてもよい。
姿勢センサは、飛行中の飛行機具100の姿勢を検知する。具体的には、任意の基準姿勢(例えば、使用者Hが飛行機具100を装着し、地面に対して垂直に立っている状態)、に対して、3次元の各軸方向において何度回転しているかを検知する。
上述の各センサが検知するこれらの情報を、制御部230による推力装置10及び翼20の制御に用いることによって、飛行に係る制御を安定させる。検出部204の情報は、上述のように飛行機具100の推力装置10及び翼20が制御部230によって自律制御される際に用いられてもよい。これに加えて、飛行機具100が使用者Hによって操作されている場合であっても、使用者Hによる操作を補完するために用いられてもよい。
以下、図3、図4、図5、図6、図7を用いて、飛行制御装置200の構成について説明する。下記の制御は、上述の飛行機具100が自律単独飛行をする際に適用される制御の一例である。つまり、飛行機具100の制御は、下記の制御によらなくてもよい。
図3は、制御の第1例の飛行制御装置200の構成の一例を示す図である。飛行制御装置200は、例えば、通信部202と、検出部204と、記憶部206と、電源208と、駆動部210と、制御部230と、を備える。また、下記における翼20の制御は、翼20が図2に示すロール軸XB、ヨー軸ZB、ピッチ軸YBまわりに回動させ、あるいは、折り畳みをすることが可能であるものとして説明する。
以下、制御部230の一連の処理の流れをフローチャートを用いて説明する。図5は、制御部230の一連の処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。本フローチャートの処理は、例えば、所定の周期で繰り返し行われてよい。
また、制御部230は、フォールドアクチュエータ218を制御して翼20を更にピッチ軸YB方向に翼20を延伸させる。また、制御部230は、飛行機具100の機首を上げる。これによって、飛行機具100は、時刻t2、t3、t4のように、機体を持ち上げながら、90度のピッチアップ状態へと遷移する。この結果、飛行機具100は、機体全体の抗力が大きくなるため、速やかに減速することができる。制御部230は、飛行機具100がピッチアップ状態となった場合、推力アクチュエータ212を制御して、飛行機具100をホバリングさせながら目的地Bに降下させる。
以下、制御の第2例について説明する。制御の第2例では、深層強化学習を用いて、飛行機具100の姿勢や速度などを基に、スイープ機構、ツイスト機構、及びフォールド機構のそれぞれの制御量を決定する点で上述した制御の第1例と相違する。以下、制御の第1例との相違点を中心に説明し、制御の第1例と共通する点については説明を省略する。なお、制御の第2例の説明において、制御の第1例と同じ部分については同一符号を付して説明する。
次に、飛行機具100と、飛行機具100に搭載された飛行制御装置200を用いた運営方法について説明する。本実施形態に係る運営は、図1に示すように、1つの飛行機具100を複数の使用者Hが共有して、出発地Aから目的地Bに向かう際に行われる。
まず、飛行機具100を使用者Hが操作することで飛行する場合について説明する。すなわち、使用者Hによるインターフェイスを介した入力を制御部230が受理することで飛行する場合について説明する。
まず、1人目の使用者Hが出発地Aから目的地Bに移動する。その際、まず、出発地Aにおいて使用者Hが飛行機具100を装着する。次に、使用者Hがインターフェイスを操作して飛行機具100を起動し、推力装置10に対して出力を指示することで垂直方向に離陸する。このとき、翼20はフォールド機構によって格納しておく。出発地Aの周囲に木などの障害物がある場合、翼20はフォールド機構によって最大限格納する。離陸時に推力装置10の後流などによる空気力を得たい場合は、翼20を展開してもよい。翼20の展開は、使用者Hによって行われてもよいし、飛行機具100の起動と同時に制御部230によって自動的に翼20を最大限展開することで、使用者Hを補助してもよい。
使用者Hは飛行中、適宜インターフェイスを操作して、飛行姿勢や飛行高さ、飛行方向や飛行速度を調節する。なおインターフェイスには、現在の飛行位置を表示する地図などが表示されてもよい。
水平飛行により目的地に近づいた後、着陸姿勢に移行する。すなわち、使用者Hが翼20をピッチ軸YB方向に回転させたり、スイープ機構によってヨー軸ZB方向に回転させたりして、前傾姿勢から直立姿勢に移行する。このとき、翼20をフォールド機構によって格納する。目的地Bの周囲に木などの障害物がある場合、翼20はフォールド機構によって最大限格納する。着陸時に推力装置10の後流などによる空気力を得たい場合は、翼20を展開してもよい。翼20の展開は使用者Hによって行われてもよいし、使用者Hによる翼20の回転操作によって着陸姿勢に移行したことを制御部230が感知して、自動的に展開することで、使用者Hを補助してもよい。
次に、飛行機具100の自律制御によって飛行する場合について説明する。自律制御による飛行は、上述のように目的地Bから出発地Aへ飛行機具100のみが帰還する際に行われてもよいし、使用者Hが出発地Aから目的地Bに移動する場合であっても、使用者Hが飛行機具100の操作に習熟していない場合等に行われてもよい。
まず、目的地Bに到着した1人目の使用者Hが、飛行機具100を取り外す。次に、飛行機具100に対して帰還を指示する。具体的には、インターフェイスを介して制御部230に入力することで、飛行機具100を自律制御に移行する。あるいは、使用者Hが飛行機具100を取り外したことを検出部204によって検知して、自動的に自律制御に移行してもよい。
使用者Hが飛行機具100の自律制御によって出発地Aから目的地Bに移動する場合も、同様の制御によって飛行する。この場合は、自動制御によって出発地Aから目的地Bに移動することを、インターフェイスを介して制御部230に指示する。
更に、使用者Hが容易に着脱可能な着脱部30を備える。これにより、複数人によって飛行機具100を共有することができる。
例えば、使用者Hによる操縦によって飛行するモードと、制御部230による自律飛行モードとを切り替え可能としてもよい。
また、飛行中に使用者Hが何らかの方法で、位置センサの出力する位置情報における任意の地点を随時記録できるようにしてもよい。これにより、例えば、使用者Hが上空で要救助者等を発見した地点を記録部に登録することで、より効率的な救助活動に寄与できるようにしてもよい。
また、翼20は、使用者Hの体格や飛行現場の天候等によって交換が可能であってもよい。
また、飛行機具100は、尾翼を備えていてもよい。例えば、使用者Hが飛行機具100を装着しているときは前記尾翼を格納して、自律単独飛行を行う際に前記尾翼を展開するようにしてもよい。
また、使用者Hは、飛行中に空中において飛行機具100を体から取り外してもよい。その後、使用者Hはパラシュート等によって目的地Bに降下してもよい。その際、飛行機具100は、使用者Hから取り外されたことを検知して、自動飛行により帰還してもよい。
20 翼
30 着脱部
100 飛行機具
230 制御部
A 出発地
B 目的地
H 使用者
Claims (7)
- 飛行時の推力を付与する推力装置と、
飛行時の姿勢を維持し、かつ飛行する方向を転換する翼と、
前記推力装置の出力の強さを制御する制御部と、
使用者が着脱可能な着脱部と、
を備える、
飛行機具。 - 前記制御部が、前記翼による飛行姿勢及び飛行方向と、前記推力装置の出力と、を制御する、
請求項1に記載の飛行機具。 - 前記飛行機具の姿勢を検知する姿勢センサを更に備える、
請求項1又は2に記載の飛行機具。 - 飛行する地点を把握する位置センサを更に備える、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の飛行機具。 - 外部と通信する通信部を更に備える、
請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の飛行機具。 - 前記翼は折り畳みが可能である、
請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の飛行機具。 - 請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の飛行機具を複数の前記使用者が共有する運営方法であって、
使用者が前記飛行機具を装着して前記飛行機具によって出発地から目的地まで飛行した後、前記飛行機具のみが前記目的地から前記出発地まで飛行する、
運営方法。
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US4253625A (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1981-03-03 | Igor Dmitrowsky | Aircraft attachable to the body of a pilot |
US6685135B2 (en) * | 1997-11-11 | 2004-02-03 | Alban Geissler | Lift system intended for free-falling persons |
JP2017015528A (ja) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-19 | 株式会社トプコン | 現場管理システム、飛行検出方法およびプログラム |
JP2020183159A (ja) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-12 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 飛行機及びその展開切離方法並びに収納具 |
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- 2022-07-06 GB GB2319104.2A patent/GB2622513A/en active Pending
- 2022-07-06 WO PCT/JP2022/026858 patent/WO2023282294A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-07-06 US US18/569,965 patent/US20240278913A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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US4253625A (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1981-03-03 | Igor Dmitrowsky | Aircraft attachable to the body of a pilot |
US6685135B2 (en) * | 1997-11-11 | 2004-02-03 | Alban Geissler | Lift system intended for free-falling persons |
JP2017015528A (ja) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-19 | 株式会社トプコン | 現場管理システム、飛行検出方法およびプログラム |
JP2020183159A (ja) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-12 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 飛行機及びその展開切離方法並びに収納具 |
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JP2023009892A (ja) | 2023-01-20 |
GB2622513A (en) | 2024-03-20 |
US20240278913A1 (en) | 2024-08-22 |
GB202319104D0 (en) | 2024-01-31 |
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