WO2023280965A1 - Projectiles à haute densité sans plomb et leurs procédés de fabrication - Google Patents

Projectiles à haute densité sans plomb et leurs procédés de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023280965A1
WO2023280965A1 PCT/EP2022/068837 EP2022068837W WO2023280965A1 WO 2023280965 A1 WO2023280965 A1 WO 2023280965A1 EP 2022068837 W EP2022068837 W EP 2022068837W WO 2023280965 A1 WO2023280965 A1 WO 2023280965A1
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Prior art keywords
projectile
density
powder
total weight
relative
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PCT/EP2022/068837
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English (en)
Inventor
Thierry Commeau
Aurélie NOUVEAU
Sophie Marcon
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Umicore
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Publication of WO2023280965A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023280965A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to tungsten-nickel-based, high-density projectiles hav ing optimised hardness and density for applications in ammunition projectiles, and methods of making the same.
  • lead-free ammunition projec tiles have often met with limitations due to high cost, radioactivity, high melting point, or other properties.
  • steel-based alterna tives were found unsatisfactory for different reasons such as an insufficient density and high hardness.
  • commercially viable shots require ease of preparation, such as availability of materials, process equipment and low operating cost.
  • US 7,399,334 describes high-density, nontoxic projectiles and other articles, and their methods of manufacture. More particularly, high-density, nontoxic W-Cu-Ni-Fe alloy compositions, methods of their manufacture and methods by which they may be used as projectiles such as shots, bullets, and pellets and other products traditionally made of lead alloys are disclosed. These products have a density com parable to that of lead while avoiding problems of toxicity associated with the use of lead.
  • compositions disclosed in US 7,399,334 are limited to compositions having a density of 13.50 g/cm 3 . Yet, higher density while maintain ing good overall ballistic characteristics is still desired. US 7,399,334 suggests that higher densities may be achieved by use of tungsten carbide, which is, however, much less available and which may lead to difficult recycling of waste production materials since such carbides, and complex mixtures thereof, are not easily pro Switchd.
  • the current invention provides in a solution for at least one of the above mentioned problems by providing a lead-free, high-density projectiles and methods of making the same.
  • the present invention provides a lead-free ammunition projectile as defined in claim 1, such as a shot, generally having a density higher than 14 g/cm 3 , and a hardness HV1 of at most 250.
  • the ammunition projectile is preferably well- balanced as characterized by a substantially homogeneous distribution of materials across the cross section of the projectile.
  • Ammunition projectiles according to the present invention have the advantage of being non-toxic, while having a sufficiently high density for allowing the bullet to follow an optimal trajectory, and a sufficiently low hardness to ensure proper deformation of the bullet upon hitting the target.
  • Fur thermore the density can easily be varied up to about 18 g/cm 3 .
  • the hardness HV1 is easily varied to as low as about 50.
  • the present invention provides process of making lead-free am munition projectile as defined in claim 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • Figure 1 shows the surface of the projectile obtained according to the method of Example 4, as studied by SEM. Dark regions 1 correspond to pores, grey regions 2 correspond to tungsten, and white regions 3 correspond to nickel, iron.
  • a compartment refers to one or more than one compartment.
  • the value to which the modifier "about” refers is itself also specifically disclosed.
  • shots or “projectile” is to be considered synonymous to the term “ammunition projectile,” and refers to a projectile that may be in the form of a sphere, ball or other small, rounded projectile used, for example, to form a charge of a shotgun.
  • ammunition projectile any suitable type of ammunition projectile, such as bullets and buck shots.
  • Vick ers hardness HV1 refers to the hardness of an object or projectile, determined according to ISO 6507. In the context of the present invention, said Vick ers hardness HV1 is considered to be the average statistical result of at least 10 measurements according to ISO 6507. Vickers hardness may be measured using a suitable Vickers hardness machine, for example using forces of 1, 2, 5, 10, 30, 50 and 100 kg. Vickers hardness number may be converted to SI units by formula (I):
  • go is the gravity constant or specific gravity
  • HV is the hardness deter mined according to ISO 6507.
  • porosity is to be considered syn onymous to the term “void fraction,” and is calculated as the fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume. Said porosity is expressed as a percentage between 0% and 100%.
  • the value for porosity 0 (expressed in %) is calculated from the measured density p P and the theoretical density pm:
  • the measured density is the density of the bulk material, specifically the bulk material after sintering
  • the theoretical density is the density of a material having the same composition without any void spaces.
  • the measured density p p of the ammunition projectile may also be expressed as a fraction cp (expressed in %) of the theoretical density pt h , as expressed by the following formula :
  • a lower value for cp is characteristic for a higher porosity of the projectile.
  • the present invention provides a lead-free ammunition projectile, such as a shot, generally having a density higher than 14 g/cm 3 , or even higher than 15 g/cm 3 , and a hardness HV1 of at most 250, or even at most 110.
  • the projectile is preferably well-balanced as characterized by a substantially homogeneous distri bution of materials across the cross section of the projectile.
  • the present invention provides a projectile, comprising: i. tungsten, in an amount of at least 88 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile; ii.
  • nickel in an amount of 1 to 12 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said pro jectile; and iii. optionally, copper and/or iron, whereby the total amount of nickel, copper and iron is up to 12 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile has a density p p of 80% to 96% of the theoretical density p th.
  • said projectile has a density p p of 88% to 95% of the theoretical density p th, and more preferably of 90% to 95% of the theoretical density p th.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile has a Vickers hardness HV1 of 50 to 250, as determined according to ISO 6507.
  • said projectile has a Vickers hardness HV1 of 60 to 200, more preferably of 70 to 180, and even more preferably of 70 to 150.
  • said projectile has a Vickers hardness HV1 of 70 to 120, and especially of 70 to 110 or even of 75 to 110, or any value there in between.
  • Projectiles according to the invention are easily obtained according to the inventive process described below, whereby a predetermined hardness and a predetermined density may be achieved by selecting a sufficiently high average particle size for the tungsten powder to arrive at a sufficiently high porosity, expressed by a relatively lower density p p of the projectile, and by selecting a sufficiently low sintering tem perature to arrive at a sufficiently low hardness, within the range as described above.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile consists of sintered particles, said sintered particles comprising a plurality of tungsten phases, wherein the average size of said particle phase, as determined by SEM image analysis, is of 5 to 30 pm, preferably of 8 to 30 pm, or even of 10 to 20 pm, and more preferably an average particle size of about 10 pm, 12 pm, 14 pm, 16 pm, 18 pm or 20 pm, or any value there in between.
  • Said tungsten phases are formed after heat-treatment of the pow der blend containing tungsten powder, said tungsten powder consisting of a particu late having an average particle size, as determined by SEM image analysis, of 5 to 30 pm, preferably of 8 to 30 pm, or even of 10 to 20 pm, and more preferably an average particle size of about 10 pm, 12 pm, 14 pm, 16 pm, 18 pm or 20 pm, or any value there in between.
  • the present invention provides a projectile, wherein said projectile has a porosity of 4 to 20%.
  • a porosity of 4 to 20% corresponds to a fraction cp of 96% to 80%.
  • Projectiles according to the present invention have the advantage of being non-toxic, while having a sufficiently high density for allowing the bullet to follow an optimal trajectory, and a sufficiently low hardness to ensure proper deformation of the bullet upon hitting the target. Furthermore, the density can easily be varied up to about 18 g/cm 3 , and softness is easily varied to a hardness HV1 as low as about 50. A specific composition can easily be selected to optimize density of the material and hardness of the projectile. Generally, a higher content of tungsten enhances density but also hardness.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, said projectile comprising tungsten, in an amount of 88 to 95 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile.
  • said projectile comprises nickel in an amount of 2 to 8 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile, and optionally copper and/or iron, whereby the total amount of nickel, copper and iron is between 5 and 12 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile.
  • said projectile has a porosity of 4 to 17.5%, corresponding to a fraction cp of 96% to 88.5%, more preferably of 4 to 15%, corresponding to a fraction cp of 96% to 85%.
  • said projectile has a porosity of 5 to 12%, correspond ing to a fraction cp of 95% to 88%, such as 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0%, 8.0%, 9.0%, 10.0%, 11.0%, or 12.0%, or any value there in between.
  • the porosity of the projectile can easily be varied within the above mentioned ranges by selecting a powder composi tion having a higher average particle size and a sufficiently high sintering tempera ture.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile comprises tungsten, in an amount of 89 to 93 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile.
  • said projectile com prises nickel, in an amount of 2 to 11 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said pro jectile.
  • said projectile further comprises copper and/or iron, in an amount of up to 10 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile.
  • said projectile comprises tungsten, in an amount of 90 to 92 wt.%, rela tive to the total weight of said projectile.
  • said projectile comprises nickel, in an amount of 2 to 8 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile.
  • the total amount of copper and iron in said projectile is at most 10 wt.%.
  • said projectile comprises copper and/or iron in an amount of at most 8 wt.%.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile comprises tungsten, in an amount of 90 to 92 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile, nickel, in an amount of 2 to 8 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile, and copper and/or iron, in an amount of at most 8 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile further comprises copper and/or iron in an amount of 2 to 6 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile. It was found that the addition of copper allows for a lower hardness of the projectile. Also, it was found that the addition of iron lowers the brittleness of the projectile.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile is free of copper.
  • the term “free of copper” is to be understood as synonymous to the term “copper-free” and refers to any amount of copper lower than 1 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile, more preferably lower than 0.5 wt.% and even more preferably lower than 0.1 wt.%. Said projectile being free of copper ensures that no copper leaching to the environment occurs after use of the projectile.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile is free of lead.
  • the term “free of lead” is to be understood as synonymous to the term “lead-free” and refers to any amount of lead lower than 1 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said projectile, more preferably lower than 0.5 wt.% and even more preferably lower than 0.1 wt.%.
  • the absence of lead ensures that no lead leaching to the environment occurs after use of the projectile.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile consists of sintered particles, said sintered particles comprising a plurality of tungsten phases, wherein the average size of said tungsten phase, as determined by SEM image analysis, is 5 to 30 pm, preferably 8 to 30 pm, or even 10 to 20 pm, and more preferably an average particle size of about 10 pm, 12 pm, 14 pm, 16 pm, 18 pm or 20 pm, or any value there in between.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile has a density of about 15 to about 18 g/cm 3 .
  • said projectile has a density of 15 to 17 g/cm 3 , prefera bly of 15 to 16.5 g/cm 3 and more preferably of 15.00 to 16.25 g/cm 3 .
  • said projectile has a density of 15.00, 15.25, 15.50, 15.75, 16.00 or 16.25 g/cm 3 , or any value there in between.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile has a Vickers hardness HV1 of at most 150.
  • said projectile has a Vickers hardness HV1 of at most 110.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said projectile has a circular cross section, and wherein the projectile has a diameter suitable for use as a shot in a shotgun shell.
  • the projectile may be in the form of a pellet, sphere, ball or other small projectile used, for example, to form a charge of a shotgun.
  • embod iments of this invention may be applicable to any suitable type of projectile, such as bullets and buck shots.
  • said projectile is substantially spherical. More preferably, said projectile has a ball diameter variation of at most 175 pm, preferably at most 150 pm, more preferably at most 125 pm and even more preferably at most 100 pm.
  • the present invention provides a projectile according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein tungsten, nickel and optionally copper and/or iron are uniformly distributed over substantially the entire diameter of said projectile. A uniform distribution ensures that the projectile is properly balanced.
  • the present invention provides a lot of projectiles, said lot com prising a plurality of spherical projectiles according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said plurality of spherical projectiles have a lot diameter variation of at most 250 pm.
  • said lot of spherical projectiles have a lot diameter variation of at most 200 pm, at most 150 pm, or even at most 125 pm.
  • the present invention provides a process for manufacturing pro jectiles according to the first aspect of the invention, comprising the steps of: i. granulating a powder comprising tungsten, in an amount of 88 to 95 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said powder, nickel and optionally copper and/or iron, in an amount of 5 to 12 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said powder, thereby obtaining granules; ii. cold-pressing said granules at a pressure between 100 and 600 MPa, thereby obtaining cold-pressed granules; iii. sintering said cold-pressed granules, thereby obtaining sintered projectiles; and iv. optionally, polishing said sintered projectiles.
  • the present invention preferably provides a process for manufac turing projectiles, comprising the steps of: i. forming a powder blend comprising tungsten powder and nickel powder, whereby said tungsten powder is comprised in an amount of 88 to 95 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said powder blend, whereby said nickel powder is comprised in an amount of 1 to 12 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said powder blend, and wherein a total amount of nickel powder, copper powder and iron powder is between 5 and 12 wt.%, relative to the total weight of said powder blend; ii. granulating said powder blend, thereby obtaining granules; iii.
  • the present invention provides a process according to the second aspect of the invention, whereby said tungsten powder has a particle size between 8 pm and 30 pm, as determined by SEM, preferably an average particle size of 8 to 20 pm, more preferably of 10 to 20 pm, and most preferably of 10 pm, 12.5 pm, 15 pm, 17.5 pm or 20 pm, or any value there in between.
  • said process according to the second aspect of the invention allows for manufacturing ammunition projectiles according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the present invention provides a process according to the second aspect of the invention, whereby said powder comprising tungsten and nickel and optionally copper and/or iron has an average particle size of 2.5 to 30 pm, as determined by SEM, preferably an average particle size of 5 to 20 pm, more pref erably of 10 to 20 pm, and most preferably of 10 pm, 12.5 pm, 15 pm, 17.5 pm or 20 pm, or any value there in between.
  • raw materials are mixed in a ratio in accordance with the desired composition of the targeted pro jectiles.
  • Such raw materials are preferably in powder form, and may be mixed by any means known to the person skilled in the art, such as by mechanical agitation or tumbling process to mix the powders in a rotating drum.
  • the mixed powder is further mixed with a binder, and the mixture is spray-dried with controlled process parame ters such as spraying rate, incoming feed rate, drum rpm and angle of inclination to allow for controlled particle size growth and distribution.
  • controlled process parame ters such as spraying rate, incoming feed rate, drum rpm and angle of inclination to allow for controlled particle size growth and distribution.
  • a low spraying rate and consequently slow sphere formation and growth is preferred to allow for uniform growth and avoid the formation of defects such as inclusions.
  • water is used as a binder.
  • organic and/or inorganic binders may be used as well, such as CMC (carbo-methyl-cellulose), alcohols, paraffin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), starches, and/or gums; and/or alkali silicates, alum, gypsum, lime, and/or water.
  • CMC carbo-methyl-cellulose
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • alkali silicates alum, gypsum, lime, and/or water.
  • the spray-dried granulate is cold-pressed, preferably at a pressure between 100 and 600 MPa, and preferably between 100 and 400 MPa, or even be tween 150 and 400 MPa, thereby obtaining pressed granules.
  • Cold pressing is gen erally performed in tool steel dies on double action presses at a moderate compaction pressure.
  • the cold-presses may be fitted with either vibratory or screw powder feeders; or may incorporate feed shoes operating on the volumetric filling principle.
  • the cold-pressed granules are sintered at a temperature between 1200°C and 1600°C, more preferably at a temperature between 1250°C and 1400°C.
  • the granules are sintered in an atmosphere of hydrogen or argon, most preferably hydrogen.
  • the inventors have found that applying higher sintering temperature re sults in a higher hardness of the final projectiles. Therefore, sintering at a lower temperature within the boundaries of the inventive process allows to produce ammu nition projectiles having a relatively lower hardness, within the boundaries of the ammunition projectile according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • said sintering process is performed for a period of between 0.5 hours and 4 hours, more preferably between 1 hour and 2 hours.
  • Sintering generally is accompanied by a shrink in diameter of the granules of about 10% to 25%.
  • the sintered granules are further subjected to a grinding or polishing step in case further processing is required to achieve the prescribed tolerances. More pref erably, no grinding or polishing is needed to achieve tolerance prescribed.
  • the granules may be screened to ensure proper uniformity of characteristics of the granules, such as desired average particle size and particle size distribution. Granules which do not meet the desired character istics may be crushed and recycled. Further, sphericity of the granules may be ana lyzed, e.g. by micrometer, in order to ensure a substantial uniform sphericity of all granules.
  • the present invention provides a process according to the second aspect of the invention, whereby said granules are cold-pressed at a pressure between 150 and 250 MPa. Cold-pressing at a sufficiently low pressure al lows for a lower hardness of the obtained projectile.
  • the present invention provides a process according to the second aspect of the invention, whereby said pressed granules are pressureless sintered.
  • the present invention provides a process according to the second aspect of the invention, whereby said pressed granules are sintered at a temperature between 1250°C and 1400°C, preferably for a period of 30 min. to 2 hours, and more preferably for a period of 1 to 2 hours.
  • a powder consisting of 90 wt.% tungsten, 7.25 wt.% nickel, and 2.75 wt.% iron is homogenized.
  • the average particle size of tungsten particles in the powder is 15 pm.
  • the powder is mixed with a binder and granulated to form spherical granules having a diameter of about 3 mm.
  • the granules are cold-pressed at a pressure of about 200 MPa under an atmosphere of H2, and are subsequently sintered at a temperature of 1350°C for a period of about 1.5 hour.
  • the sintered granules are polished to yield an ammunition projectile having a porosity of about 7.1%, corresponding to density p P of about 93% of the theoretical density p t h .
  • the projectile has a density of 15.9 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 96.
  • An ammunition projectile is obtained according to the method of Example 1, whereby the cold-pressed granules are sintered at 1400°C.
  • the obtained projectile has a po rosity of 6.7%, corresponding to density p p of about 93% of the theoretical density p th, a density of 16.0 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 100.
  • An ammunition projectile is obtained according to the method of Example 1, whereby the powder consists of 92 wt.% tungsten, 2.7 wt.% nickel, and 5.3 wt.% copper, has an average particle size of 10 pm, and whereby the cold-pressed granules are sin tered at 1300°C.
  • the obtained projectile has a porosity of 11.7%, corresponding to density p p of about 88% of the theoretical density p t h , a density of 15.6 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 109.
  • An ammunition projectile is obtained according to the method of Example 3, whereby the powder consists of 92 wt.% tungsten, 5.8 wt.% nickel, and 2.2 wt.% iron, and whereby the cold-pressed granules are sintered at 1250°C.
  • the obtained projectile has a porosity of 11.1%, corresponding to density p P of about 89% of the theoretical density p t h , a density of 15.6 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 110.
  • An ammunition projectile is obtained according to the method of Example 2, whereby the average particle size of tungsten particles in the powder is 13 pm, and whereby the cold-pressed granules are sintered at 1300°C.
  • the obtained projectile has a po rosity of 7.0%, corresponding to density p p of about 93% of the theoretical density p th, a density of 16.0 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 77.
  • An ammunition projectile is obtained according to the method of Example 3, whereby the powder consists of 90 wt.% tungsten, 3.3 wt.% nickel, and 6.7 wt.% copper.
  • the obtained projectile has a porosity of 8.1%, corresponding to density p P of about 92% of the theoretical density p t h , a density of 15.9 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 124.
  • An ammunition projectile is obtained according to the method of Example 4, whereby the powder consists of 92 wt.% tungsten and 8.0 wt.% nickel.
  • the obtained projectile has a porosity of 4.8%, corresponding to density p p of about 95% of the theoretical density p t h , a density of 16.8 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 127.
  • An ammunition projectile is obtained according to the method of Example 3, whereby the granules are cold-pressed at a pressure of about 400 MPa.
  • the obtained projectile has a porosity of 11.1%, corresponding to density p P of about 89% of the theoretical density p t h , a density of 15.7 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 128.
  • An ammunition projectile is obtained according to the method of Example 3, whereby the granules are cold-pressed at a pressure of about 600 MPa.
  • the obtained projectile has a porosity of 11.7%, corresponding to density p P of about 88% of the theoretical density p t h , a density of 15.6 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 150.
  • An ammunition projectile is obtained according to the method of Example 4, whereby the granules are cold-pressed at a pressure of about 400 MPa.
  • the obtained projectile has a porosity of 9.8%, corresponding to density p P of about 90% of the theoretical density p t h , a density of 15.6 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 133.
  • Example 3 The procedure according to Example 3 is repeated, whereby the powder blend com prises tungsten particles having an average particle size of 2.5 pm, as determined according to SEM.
  • the obtained projectile has a porosity of 0.4%, corresponding to density p p of about 100% of the theoretical density p th, a density of 17.6 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 311.
  • Example 3 The procedure according to Example 3 is repeated, whereby the powder blend com prises tungsten particles having an average particle size of 5 pm, as determined according to SEM.
  • the obtained projectile has a porosity of 0.9%, corresponding to density p P of about 99% of the theoretical density p t h , a density of 17.5 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 292.
  • Example 7 The procedure according to Example 7 is repeated, whereby the powder blend com prises tungsten particles having an average particle size of 2.5 pm, as determined according to SEM.
  • the obtained projectile has a porosity of 4.8%, corresponding to density p p of about 95% of the theoretical density p t h , a density of 16.8 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 403.
  • Example 7 The procedure according to Example 7 is repeated, whereby the powder blend com prises tungsten particles having an average particle size of 5 pm, as determined according to SEM.
  • the obtained projectile has a porosity of 7.6%, corresponding to density p p of about 92% of the theoretical density p th, a density of 16.3 g/cm 3 and a hardness HV1 of 238.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention permet d'obtenir des projectiles à haute densité sans plomb et leurs procédés de fabrication, plus particulièrement des projectiles de munition, comprenant : i. du tungstène, à hauteur de 88 à 95 % en poids par rapport au poids total dudit projectile ; ii. du nickel, et éventuellement du cuivre et/ou du fer, à hauteur de 5 à 12 % en poids par rapport au poids total dudit projectile. Ledit projectile a une porosité de 5 à 35 %. La densité des projectiles peut être facilement modifiée jusqu'à environ 18 g/cm³. En variante, la dureté HV1 est facilement modifiée pour atteindre un seuil d'environ 50.
PCT/EP2022/068837 2021-07-08 2022-07-07 Projectiles à haute densité sans plomb et leurs procédés de fabrication WO2023280965A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3979234A (en) 1975-09-18 1976-09-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Process for fabricating articles of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy
US20040112243A1 (en) 2002-01-30 2004-06-17 Amick Darryl D. Tungsten-containing articles and methods for forming the same
US7399334B1 (en) 2004-05-10 2008-07-15 Spherical Precision, Inc. High density nontoxic projectiles and other articles, and methods for making the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3979234A (en) 1975-09-18 1976-09-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Process for fabricating articles of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy
US20040112243A1 (en) 2002-01-30 2004-06-17 Amick Darryl D. Tungsten-containing articles and methods for forming the same
US7399334B1 (en) 2004-05-10 2008-07-15 Spherical Precision, Inc. High density nontoxic projectiles and other articles, and methods for making the same

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