WO2023280198A1 - 用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置以及包括其的多层显示设备 - Google Patents

用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置以及包括其的多层显示设备 Download PDF

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WO2023280198A1
WO2023280198A1 PCT/CN2022/104084 CN2022104084W WO2023280198A1 WO 2023280198 A1 WO2023280198 A1 WO 2023280198A1 CN 2022104084 W CN2022104084 W CN 2022104084W WO 2023280198 A1 WO2023280198 A1 WO 2023280198A1
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Prior art keywords
display
optical imaging
image
display device
light
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PCT/CN2022/104084
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English (en)
French (fr)
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牛磊
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上海誉沛光电科技有限公司
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Priority to KR1020247002228A priority Critical patent/KR20240032859A/ko
Publication of WO2023280198A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023280198A1/zh
Priority to US18/408,145 priority patent/US20240142797A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
    • G02B30/56—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels by projecting aerial or floating images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/1066—Beam splitting or combining systems for enhancing image performance, like resolution, pixel numbers, dual magnifications or dynamic range, by tiling, slicing or overlapping fields of view
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/02—Diaphragms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/14—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units
    • G06F3/1423—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units controlling a plurality of local displays, e.g. CRT and flat panel display
    • G06F3/1446—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units controlling a plurality of local displays, e.g. CRT and flat panel display display composed of modules, e.g. video walls
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/003—Details of a display terminal, the details relating to the control arrangement of the display terminal and to the interfaces thereto

Definitions

  • the embodiments described herein generally relate to light field three-dimensional display technology, and more specifically relate to a spliced display device for floating images and a multi-layer display device including the spliced display device.
  • the floating display technology in the air has attracted the attention of many researchers because it can present images in the air, bringing strong visual impact and sensory experience that is both true and false to the viewers.
  • the existing floating display technologies mainly fall into the following three categories:
  • the first category is traditional optical lens imaging, such as the structure of a concave mirror plus a beam splitter: this optical structure is the earliest proposed solution for this type of display system.
  • the illuminated real object or the content displayed on the LCD is reflected by the beam splitter into the concave reflector, and the light is converged by the concave reflector and then passes through the beam splitter again to form an image on the other side. At this time, the observer can see the image suspended in the air.
  • the levitation image of this technical solution has a small imaging size and serious aberrations such as distortion.
  • the second category is the use of integrated imaging principles. This type of solution is composed of a microlens array and a number of image unit arrays.
  • the light emitted by the points displaying the same image information in the image unit is converged in space through the corresponding microlens to form a floating image point.
  • the advantage of this type of solution is that the thickness of the display device is ultra-thin, and the thickness is basically the thickness of the display.
  • the disadvantage is that the resolution is very low and the cost is high.
  • the third category is to use the "negative refractive index screen" composed of special microstructures for suspended imaging, mainly as follows:
  • Retroreflective structure plus beam splitter the structure is mainly composed of glass beads or microprism arrays. This structure can realize the effect that the reflected light and the incident light are parallel to each other and opposite in direction.
  • the light emitted by the display source is incident on the retroreflective structure through the beam splitter, and the reflected light passing through the retroreflective structure will pass through the beam splitter again along the opposite direction of the incident light to converge on the other side for imaging.
  • Double-layer plane mirror array This scheme is composed of upper and lower plane mirror arrays, and the plane mirror units between the two layers are perpendicular to each other. The light emitted by the display source is reflected by the plane mirror array and converged on the other side to form an image.
  • Micro-boss structure array This solution is composed of a micro-boss structure array, and the light emitted by the display source is reflected twice by the micro-boss structure, and converged on the other side for imaging.
  • the advantage of this type of technical solution is that there is no aberration.
  • the disadvantage is that there are ghost images, the processing cost of "negative refractive index screen" is high, and the system volume is large.
  • the required size of the floating image is different.
  • the original image and floating image are set at 1:1 in most floating display devices ; even in small fractional magnification systems, the floating image is slightly larger than the original image (eg, 1.5:1). This is because aberrations such as curvature of field, distortion, etc. become more severe at higher magnifications, and more corrective optics are required, whereas fewer and more cost-effective optics are generally desired due to cost and size considerations, Therefore, the cost and size of the optical system in the floating display device are reduced. Therefore, the size of the floating image displayed by the floating display device is generally limited during the design stage of the manufacturer, and cannot be adjusted during use.
  • the purpose of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned and/or other problems in the prior art, in particular to provide a mosaic display device for floating images, which includes multiple display parts and corresponding multiple
  • the optical imaging module can form a suspended image spliced by multiple suspended sub-images in the air, and can have a lower manufacturing cost and a more flexible optical layout.
  • an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a mosaic display device for floating images, including: a display module configured to emit display light constituting a target image, the display module including a plurality of display sections, wherein each display section is configured to display a corresponding portion of the target image; and a plurality of optical imaging modules is configured to receive the display light emitted from the display modules to form a plurality of floating objects in the air.
  • Sub-images wherein each optical imaging module has an object plane and an image plane, wherein each display unit in the plurality of display parts is placed at the object plane of a corresponding optical imaging module in the plurality of optical imaging modules, each The display light emitted by each display unit presents corresponding suspended sub-images at the image plane through corresponding optical imaging modules, wherein the multiple suspended sub-images constitute a complete suspended image of the target image, and the multiple suspended sub-images constitute a complete suspended image of the target image, and the multiple suspended sub-images Adjacent floating sub-images in the sub-images have overlapping stitching regions and have the same image content in the stitching regions.
  • a plurality of smaller floating sub-images can be formed in the air through a display module having a plurality of display parts and a corresponding plurality of imaging modules, and adjacent floating sub-images have The parts that overlap each other are spliced into a complete larger floating image to realize large-size floating display.
  • Such a spliced display device significantly reduces the cost for realizing floating displays of different sizes, because there is no need to design different optical imaging systems for floating images of specific sizes, and it is only necessary to select an appropriate number of display parts and Imaging modules, and small-sized optical components are easier to process than large-sized optical components.
  • such a spliced display device is lighter and thinner than the larger-sized floating display device in the prior art, which has significantly reduced thickness.
  • a multi-layer display device which includes: the spliced display device of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiment; and a transparent display device, arranged optically downstream of the spliced display device , wherein the display surface of the transparent display device and the image surface are located at different positions.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a spliced display device 100 for floating images according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of imaging in the case of inverted imaging of a plurality of optical imaging modules 120 1-n according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary imaging schematic diagram of a spliced display device 100 for floating images according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4A shows a schematic diagram of the field angle of the imaging module in the y direction
  • FIG. 4B shows a schematic diagram of the principle of light propagation in the x-direction and y-direction of the optical imaging module 120 in the spliced display device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5A shows a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y direction of a transmissive configuration of the optical imaging module 120 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5B shows a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y direction of a reflective configuration of the optical imaging module 120 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5C shows an example structure of a one-dimensional grid transmission array
  • Figure 5D shows an example structure of a one-dimensional retroreflective screen
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a display part and a corresponding optical imaging module according to an optional embodiment
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a display part and a corresponding optical imaging module according to a preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a complete visible area of a display part and an optical imaging module according to a preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of an asymmetric design of optical elements in an optical imaging module according to an alternative embodiment
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1020 according to a first example of the present invention and light rays propagating in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 12 shows an example splicing display system 1200 including four display parts 111 and four optical imaging modules 1020;
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1320 according to a second example of the present invention and the propagation of light in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1420 according to a third example of the present invention and the propagation of light in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1520 and light rays propagating in the y-z plane according to a fourth example of the present invention
  • FIG. 16 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1620 according to a fifth example of the present invention and light rays propagating in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1720 according to a sixth example of the present invention and light rays propagating in the y-z plane;
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of forward imaging of the optical imaging module in the y direction according to an optional embodiment
  • Fig. 19 shows a schematic diagram of setting a light-shielding part
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic diagram of a multi-layer display device 2000 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 21 shows a schematic diagram of a transparent display device realized by micro-projection
  • FIG. 22 shows a schematic diagram of a multi-layer display device realizing naked-eye 3D display.
  • 23A-23C show illustrative schematic diagrams of a display module employing a three-dimensional display.
  • Connected or “connected” and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, nor are they limited to direct or indirect connections.
  • the phrase "A is substantially equal to B” is intended to allow for manufacturing tolerances, ie, the values of A and B may be within ⁇ 10% of each other.
  • light may be considered to propagate along an optical path in a light beam from an optically "upstream” position to an optically “downstream” position. Therefore, the relative position of optical elements in the optical path can also be described by these two terms.
  • the suspended display device usually includes an image display unit and an optical system, wherein the image display unit presents the original image on the object plane of the optical system by means of direct display or indirect projection, and the image light then passes through the optical system to form a suspended image on the image plane.
  • a mosaic display device for suspended images is proposed, which includes a plurality of the above-mentioned suspended image display modules, forms a plurality of suspended sub-images in space, and stitches the multiple suspended sub-images to form a complete suspended image.
  • the technical solution can have lower manufacturing cost and make the floating display device lighter and thinner.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a spliced display device 100 for floating images according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a spliced display device 100 may include a display module 110 and a plurality of optical imaging modules 120 1 ⁇ n .
  • the display module 110 may be configured to emit display light constituting a target image, and the display module 110 may include a plurality of display parts 111 1 ⁇ n arranged at intervals along the y direction, where n ⁇ 2.
  • Each display section 111 may be configured to display a corresponding portion of the target image.
  • the plurality of optical imaging modules 120 1-n may be configured to receive display light emitted from the display module 110 to form a plurality of floating sub-images 1-n in the air.
  • Each optical imaging module 120i has an object plane and an image plane.
  • Each display portion 111 i of the plurality of display portions is placed at the object plane of the corresponding optical imaging module 120 i of the plurality of optical imaging modules, so that the display light emitted by each display portion 111 i passes through the corresponding optical imaging module 120 i presents a corresponding floating sub-image i at the image plane, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ n.
  • the plurality of floating sub-images 1-n constitute a complete floating image of the target image, and adjacent floating sub-images in the plurality of floating sub-images 1-n have an overlapping stitching area P and have the same image content in the stitching area P.
  • the plurality of display sections may be different parts of the same display or each may be a separate display.
  • the corresponding part of the target image displayed on each display unit 111 i and the corresponding floating sub-image presented at the image plane of the corresponding optical imaging module 120 i may have an inverted imaging relationship in the y direction.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of imaging in the case of a plurality of optical imaging modules 120 1 to n being inverted for imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention. Note that in FIG. 2 , only three optical imaging modules 120 1 - 3 are shown for clarity and brevity. As shown in FIG. 2 , the display surfaces of the display units 111 1-3 are respectively arranged on the object plane 10 of the optical imaging modules 120 1-3 , and the light emitted by the object point on the object plane 10 is inverted via the optical imaging modules 120 1-3. imaged on the image plane.
  • the display parts 111 1-3 can be respectively configured to display the corresponding parts (n1-n+j) of the target image (consisting of n1-n+j; m0-m+j; k0-k+j in sequence) in a reversed manner in the y direction. ), (n+i, n+j, m0 ⁇ m+j) and (m+i, m+j, k0 ⁇ k+j).
  • these parts are reversely displayed on the display surfaces of the display parts 111 1-3 in the y-direction, and thus are reversely imaged into the positive floating sub-image 1(n1) through the corresponding optical imaging modules 120 1-3 ⁇ n+j), floating sub-image 2 (n+i, n+j, m0 ⁇ m+j) and floating sub-image 3 (m+i, m+j, k0 ⁇ k+j).
  • Adjacent display parts respectively have overlapping display areas (shown by dotted line boxes) imaged on the stitching area P12 and have pixels displaying the same content in the respective overlapping display areas.
  • the repeated display area near the upper edge of the display part 1111 and the repeated display area near the lower edge of the display part 1112 are imaged in the same stitching area, and there are pixels (n+j) displaying the same content in the respective repeated display areas. and n+i).
  • the pixels (n+j and n+i) displaying the same content in the overlapping display areas of the display unit 111 1 and the display unit 111 2 are displayed on the image plane 20 through the corresponding optical imaging modules 120 1-2 respectively.
  • the same image point in the stitching area P12 is imaged.
  • the repeated display area near the upper edge of the display part 1112 and the repeated display area near the lower edge of the display part 1113 are imaged in the stitching area P23 , and there are pixels displaying the same content in the respective repeated display areas (m +j and m+i); and the pixels (m+j and m+i) displaying the same content in the overlapping display areas of the display unit 111 2 and the display unit 111 3 respectively pass through the corresponding optical imaging modules 120 2-3
  • the same image point in the stitching area P 23 is imaged on the image plane 20 .
  • a complete floating image of the target image can be formed on the image plane 20 (ie, sequentially composed of n1 ⁇ n+j; m0 ⁇ m+j; k0 ⁇ k+j).
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary imaging schematic diagram of a spliced display device 100 for floating images according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the spliced display device 100 may include a display module 110 having three display parts and three optical imaging modules 120 respectively corresponding to the three display parts.
  • the original image (as an example, size 200*200) may be divided in the y direction into three sub-images (size 200*75), which have partially overlapping image content with each other (indicated by S1 and S2).
  • the first display unit, the second display unit and the third display unit are configured to display the three sub-images on the object plane of the corresponding optical imaging module 120 in a y-direction inverted manner.
  • the multiple optical imaging modules 120 have no scaling effect in the horizontal direction of the image (x direction), but have a zooming effect in the vertical direction of the image (y direction). That is to say, the image height in the x direction is equal to the object height in the x direction, and the image height in the y direction is greater than the object height in the y direction.
  • the original image with a size of 200*200 can be imaged as a floating image with a size of 200*220 via the splicing display device 100, in which three sub-images with a size of 200*75 are respectively imaged as a floating image with a size of 200*82.5 image.
  • the image height of the suspended sub-image in the y direction needs to be greater than or equal to the maximum physical size of the optical imaging module in the y direction.
  • the floating image point a1 formed by the pixel point a on the upper edge of the display module in the y direction through the optical imaging module 121 has only a lower field of view angle ⁇ .
  • the same pixel point a is set on the lower edge of the adjacent display module below, and the floating image point a1 formed by the pixel point through the optical imaging module 122 has an upper viewing angle ⁇ , and the floating image point
  • the viewing angle range of a1 is ⁇ + ⁇ . In this way, overlapping display areas are set in adjacent display units, and the visual angle splicing of the corresponding floating display points is realized in space through the corresponding imaging modules, which increases the viewing angle range of the floating image points on the edge of the floating sub-image .
  • multiple optical imaging modules 120 may have the same structure.
  • the viewing angle of the spliced area can be adjusted by changing the size of the corresponding repeated display area.
  • the spliced display device 100 for floating images has been described above.
  • a plurality of smaller suspended sub-images can be formed in the air through a display module with multiple display parts and corresponding multiple imaging modules, and adjacent suspended sub-images have overlapping parts to be spliced into a complete Larger floating images to achieve large-size floating display.
  • Such a spliced display device 100 significantly reduces the cost for realizing floating displays of different sizes, because there is no need to design different optical imaging systems for floating images of specific sizes, and it is only necessary to select an appropriate number of display parts according to the size of the floating images required. And imaging modules, and small-sized optical components are easier to process than large-sized optical components.
  • such a spliced display device 100 is lighter and thinner than the larger-sized floating display device in the prior art, which has significantly reduced thickness.
  • FIG. 4B shows a schematic diagram of the principle of light propagation in the x-direction and y-direction of the optical imaging module 120 in the spliced display device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the object plane and the image plane are basically equal in size, and the image square aperture angle is equal to the object square aperture angle.
  • the image plane is larger than the object plane, and the image square aperture angle is smaller than the object space angle.
  • the image height of the suspended sub-image is larger than the maximum physical size of the corresponding optical imaging module 120 .
  • FIG. 5A shows a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y direction of a transmissive configuration of the optical imaging module 120 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5B shows a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y direction of the reflective configuration of the optical imaging module 120 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical imaging module 120 may include a conjugate imaging element 121 and an imaging light group.
  • the conjugate imaging element 121 may have a one-dimensional grating structure for imaging in the x-direction.
  • the imaging light group can be used for imaging in the y direction, and its light gathering ability in the y direction is greater than that in the x direction.
  • the x direction and the y direction may be respectively orthogonal to the optical axis of the optical imaging module 120 .
  • the imaging light group may include a first light group 101 and a second light group 102 .
  • the first light group 101 and the second light group 102 may be cylindrical lens groups, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a conjugate imaging element 121 with a one-dimensional grating structure may be disposed between the first light group 101 and the second light group 102 along the optical axis.
  • Conjugate imaging element 121 may be transmissive (as shown in FIG. 5A ), or may be reflective (as shown in FIG. 5B ).
  • conjugate imaging element 121 may be a one-dimensional retroreflective screen, a one-dimensional grid transmission array, a one-dimensional holographic grating, or the like.
  • FIG. 5C An example of a one-dimensional grid transmission array structure is shown in Figure 5C.
  • the one-dimensional grid transmission array structure can be formed by bonding several parallel glass plates, where the bonding surface is coated with a reflective film, and the object point o and the image point o' Optically conjugate, the object plane of the structure is as large as the image plane, and there is no aberration.
  • FIG. 5D An example of a one-dimensional retroreflective screen is shown in FIG. 5D .
  • part of the light is reflected according to the original angle.
  • the advantage of using such a conjugate imaging element is that the positional relationship (object and image) is conjugate, the image is not enlarged, and there is no aberration.
  • the conjugate imaging element can be configured as an aperture stop in the optical imaging module 120 .
  • the aperture stop is used to limit the height of light passing through the imaging light group in the y direction, thereby reducing the imaging aberration in the y direction.
  • the object plane and the image plane of each optical imaging module may be relatively parallel.
  • one or more display parts among the plurality of display parts 111 are arranged asymmetrically with respect to the optical axis of the corresponding optical imaging module 120 in the y direction, so that the formed one or more The two suspended sub-images are asymmetrical in the y direction with respect to the optical axis of the corresponding optical imaging module.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the display part and the corresponding optical imaging module according to this alternative embodiment.
  • the display part 111 (specifically, the display surface) can be arranged asymmetrically in the y direction with respect to the optical axis of the optical imaging module 120 (offset upward in the figure), and the suspended sub-image formed thereby is relatively
  • the optical axis of the optical imaging module 120 is also asymmetrical in the y direction.
  • the lower edge image point a of the floating sub-image in the y direction has a larger lower viewing angle ⁇ , so that the complete visible area of the floating image can be enlarged through this asymmetric optical design.
  • the number of the multiple display parts 111 and the multiple optical imaging modules 120 is an even number.
  • the plurality of display units 111 are divided into a first group display unit and a second group display unit by a central axis.
  • the plurality of optical imaging modules 120 are divided into a first group of optical imaging modules and a second group of optical imaging modules by the central axis.
  • the first group of display parts and the second group of display parts are arranged axisymmetrically with respect to the central axis, and the first group of optical imaging modules and the second group of optical imaging modules are arranged axisymmetrically with respect to the central axis.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the display part and the corresponding optical imaging module according to the preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 shows four display parts 111 1-4 and four optical imaging modules 120 1-4 as an example.
  • the four display units 111 1 to 4 are divided into the first group of display units (display units 111 1 and 111 2 above the central axis) and the second group of display units (display units 111 3 and 111 3 below the central axis) by the central axis of the system. ).
  • the four optical imaging modules 120 1-4 are divided into the first group of optical imaging modules (optical imaging modules 120 1 and 120 2 above the central axis) and the second group of optical imaging modules (optical imaging modules 120 below the central axis) by the central axis.
  • the first group of display parts and the second group of display parts are axisymmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis, that is, the display part 1111 and the display part 1114 are arranged axisymmetrically with respect to the central axis, and the display part 1112 and the display part 1113 are arranged relative to the central axis .
  • the central axis is axisymmetrically arranged.
  • the first group of optical imaging modules and the second group of optical imaging modules are arranged axisymmetrically with respect to the central axis, that is, the optical imaging module 1201 and the optical imaging module 1204 (especially the optical arrangement thereof) are arranged axisymmetrically with respect to the central axis , the optical imaging module 1202 and the optical imaging module 1203 are arranged axisymmetrically with respect to the central axis.
  • each display part and optical imaging module is designed asymmetrically, and the maximum lower viewing angle of the sub-suspension image's lower edge pixel points in the y direction is greater than the maximum upper viewing angle of the sub-suspension image's edge pixel points in the y direction. field of view.
  • Each point on the display surface 10 emits light, and the intersection area in space is the visible area where human eyes can completely watch the suspended image. As shown in the shaded area in Figure 8, the suspended image is spatially located between the visible area and the display surface. between. This design not only ensures the symmetry of the viewing angle in the y direction, but also shifts the viewing angle toward the center of the system, which helps to expand the complete viewing area of the suspended image.
  • the optical elements in the optical imaging module 120 may be designed asymmetrically.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example optical arrangement in the optical imaging module 120.
  • the optical element 702 is asymmetrically designed, ie L1 ⁇ L2, and the optical element 703 is also asymmetrically designed, ie h1>h2.
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the optical imaging module 1020 and the propagation of light in the y-z plane according to the first example of the present invention.
  • Several details of the optical imaging module 1020 in the spliced display device according to the first example are the same as the optical imaging module 120 described above with respect to FIGS. 1-5B , and will not be repeated here. The following mainly describes the special features of the optical imaging module 1020 of the first example.
  • the optical imaging module 1020 includes a first cylindrical mirror 1021 , a second cylindrical mirror 1022 , a third cylindrical mirror 1023 , a cylindrical sawtooth grating 1024 and a beam splitter 1025 .
  • a one-dimensional optical element for example, a cylindrical lens
  • a conjugate imaging element with a one-dimensional grating structure (for example, a one-dimensional retroreflective screen, any light irradiated on the surface of the one-dimensional retroreflective screen, a part of the light can be obtained according to the original angle reflection) to form a cylindrical sawtooth grating 1024 in one piece.
  • the y direction of the cylindrical sawtooth grating 1024 is a curved surface, and the x direction is a one-dimensional sawtooth structure.
  • the sawtooth structure is an isosceles triangle structure with an apex angle of 90 degrees, as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the first cylindrical lens 1021 may be a cylindrical convex lens arranged between the object plane 10 and the image plane 20 with its convex surface facing the object plane.
  • the second cylindrical mirror 1022 is a concave mirror whose concave surface faces the cylindrical sawtooth grating 1024 .
  • the beam splitting plate 1025 is disposed obliquely (for example, at 45° to the optical axis) between the object plane 10 and the first cylindrical mirror 1021 and between the cylindrical sawtooth grating 1024 and the second cylindrical mirror 1022 .
  • the third cylindrical lens 1023 may be a meniscus lens, which is disposed between the beam splitting plate 1025 and the object plane 10 and whose convex surface faces the beam splitting plate 1025 .
  • the first cylindrical lens 1021 and the cylindrical sawtooth grating 1024 can constitute the first optical group 101 described above, and the y direction of the cylindrical sawtooth grating 1024 is set as a cylindrical mirror, the purpose of which is to bear a part of the optical power, so that the first cylindrical lens
  • the focal length of 1021 does not need to be too short, and it is easier to process materials with low emissivity such as PC and PMMA.
  • the second cylindrical lens 1022 and the third cylindrical lens 1023 may constitute the second light group 102 described above.
  • the function of the third cylindrical lens 1023 is mainly to correct the field curvature, balance the optical path of the central and edge images, and improve the display definition of the suspended image.
  • the display portion 111 that is, the display surface
  • the light emitted by the display surface is modulated by the third cylindrical lens 1023 and is transmitted by the beam splitter 1025
  • the reflection irradiates on the second cylindrical mirror 1022, is reflected back by the second cylindrical mirror 1022 to the beam splitter 1025, is transmitted from the beam splitter 1025 to the cylindrical sawtooth grating 1024, is reflected by the cylindrical sawtooth grating 1024 back to the beam splitter 1025, and is again It is reflected to the first cylindrical lens 1021, and finally emerges from the first cylindrical lens 1021 to form a suspended image on the image plane.
  • the light emitted by the same object point is imaged on the image plane 20 through the cylindrical sawtooth grating 1024 in the x direction, and passes through the third cylindrical mirror 1023, the second cylindrical mirror 1022, the cylindrical mirror 1022, and the The surface sawtooth grating 1024 and the first cylindrical mirror 1021 are imaged at the same point on the image plane 20 .
  • the point on the display part 111 is imaged by the optical imaging module 1020 along the x direction, because it is imaged by a one-dimensional conjugate imaging element, there is no aberration, the image is not enlarged, and the image-side aperture angle is basically equal to the object-side aperture angle. It is easy to obtain a large image square aperture angle and satisfy the binocular parallax condition, thereby forming a floating image on the image plane 20 .
  • the point on the display unit 111 is imaged by the optical imaging module 1020 along the y direction.
  • the image square aperture angle is relatively small, satisfying Under the conditions of the observation range, high imaging quality is obtained, and at the same time, it has the effect of image magnification.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example tiled display system 1200 including four display parts 111 and four optical imaging modules 1020 .
  • the upper two display parts 111 and the lower two display parts 111 are arranged axisymmetrically with respect to the central axis
  • the upper two optical imaging modules 1020 and the lower two optical imaging modules 1020 are axisymmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis set up.
  • the optical elements can be designed asymmetrically.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1320 and light propagation in the y-z plane according to the second example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1320 and light propagation in the y-z plane according to the second example of the present invention.
  • the optical imaging module 1320 also includes : the polarized beam-splitting film APF respectively arranged on both sides of the beam-splitting plate 1325 basically maintains the same inclination (for example, 45°) with the beam-splitting plate 1325; the first polarizer POL is arranged on the third cylindrical surface of the beam-splitting plate 1325 Between the polarizer APF on this side of the mirror 1323 and the beam splitter 1325, basically keep the same inclination (for example, 45°) with the beam splitter 1325; the second polarizer POL is arranged between the first cylindrical mirror 1321 and the image Between the surfaces 20; the first 1/4 ⁇ wave plate is arranged on the light-incident side of the second cylindrical mirror 1322; the second 1/4 ⁇ wave plate is obliquely
  • the display portion 111 (ie, the display surface) of the display module 110 can be arranged or relayed to be imaged at the object plane 10 of the optical imaging module 1320 and configured to emit s-polarized image light, which is irradiated to the splitter plate through the third cylindrical lens 1323 On 1325, it is reflected by the polarization beam splitting film APF, irradiates downward to the second cylindrical mirror 1322, is reflected, passes through the 1/4 ⁇ wave plate twice, the s light is converted into P light, passes through the beam splitting plate 1325, and passes through the second 1
  • the /4 ⁇ wave plate is irradiated on the cylindrical sawtooth grating 1324, is reflected, is converted into s-polarized light by the second 1/4 ⁇ wave plate, is reflected by the polarization splitting film APF, and passes through the second 1/4 ⁇ wave plate for the third time , the light becomes circularly polarized; the light passes through the first cylindrical lens 1321 and then passes through the third 1/4 ⁇ wave plate to become linearly polar
  • the second polarizer POL and the third 1/4 ⁇ wave plate on the light output side of the first cylindrical lens 1321 constitute a circular polarizer to eliminate external Reflection of light.
  • the absorption axis of the second polarizer and the first polarized light is set perpendicularly to prevent the display light from directly passing through the third cylindrical lens (1323) and the first cylindrical lens (1321), and is Human eyes observe and form ghost images.
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1420 and light rays propagating in the y-z plane according to the third example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1420 and light rays propagating in the y-z plane according to the third example of the present invention.
  • Several details of the optical imaging module 1420 according to the third example are the same as the optical imaging module 120 described above with respect to FIGS. 1-5B , and will not be repeated here. The following mainly describes the special features of the optical imaging module 1420 of the third example.
  • optical imaging module 1420 may include first concave mirror 1401 (first optical group), one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 (conjugate imaging element and aperture stop), second concave mirror 1403 (second optical group ), the first beam splitter 1404 and the second beam splitter 1405.
  • the first concave mirror 1401 is arranged between the object plane 10 and the image plane 20 , and its concave surface faces the image plane 20 .
  • the first concave mirror can be of equal thickness and coated with a 50/50 dichroic film.
  • the concave surface of the second concave mirror 1403 faces the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 .
  • the first dichroic plate 1404 is obliquely disposed between the object plane 10 and the first concave mirror 1401 and between the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 and the second concave mirror 1403 .
  • the beam splitting plate is arranged between the first concave mirror 1401 and the image plane 20 .
  • the first beam splitting plate 1404 can be a polarizing beam splitting film
  • the second beam splitting plate 1405 can be a polarizing beam splitting plate
  • the optical imaging module 1410 can also include a first 1/4 wave plate 1406, a second 1/4 wave plate 1407 and a third 1/4 wave plate 1408.
  • the conjugate imaging element and aperture stop are integrated into a single component, the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 . That is to say, the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 also acts as an aperture stop.
  • the first 1/4 wave plate 1406 can be arranged between the second concave mirror 1403 and the polarization beam splitting film
  • the second 1/4 wave plate 1407 can be arranged between the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 and the polarization beam splitting film
  • the third 1/4 wave plate 1408 may be disposed between the first concave mirror 1401 and the polarization splitter plate.
  • the second 1/4 wave plate 1407 can be arranged in the same inclined manner as the first beam splitting plate 1404 .
  • the optical axes of the first 1/4 wave plate 1406 and the third 1/4 wave plate 1408 are arranged orthogonally.
  • the s-polarized light emitted by the display surface is reflected by the polarization splitting film, irradiates on the second concave mirror 1403, and is then captured by the second concave mirror
  • the light reflected by 1403 is converted into p-polarized light by the first 1/4 wave plate 1406, and transmitted to the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 through the polarization splitting film and the second 1/4 wave plate 1407; the light is transmitted by the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402
  • the reflection is converted into s polarized light through the second 1/4 wave plate 1407 again, and is reflected by the polarization beam splitting film; the light reflected by the polarization beam splitting film is irradiated on the first concave mirror 1401 through the second 1/4 wave plate 1407 again, Part of the light is irradiated onto the third 1/4 wave plate 1408 through the first concave mirror 1401, and after the light passes through the third 1/4 wave plate
  • the use of the polarization beam splitting film, the polarization beam splitter plate, the first 1/4 wave plate 1406, the second 1/4 wave plate 1407 and the third 1/4 wave plate 1408 is to improve the optical efficiency of the optical imaging module while eliminating Unwanted light (eg, external light) is not necessary, because those skilled in the art can understand that an optical imaging module without these optical elements is also sufficient to achieve the purpose of forming a levitating image.
  • Unwanted light eg, external light
  • the point on the display unit 111 is imaged by the optical imaging module 1420 along the x direction with a relatively large image square aperture angle, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, thereby forming a levitating image at the image plane 20 .
  • Points on the display surface of the display unit 111 are imaged by the optical imaging module 1420 along the y direction with a relatively small image square aperture angle to obtain high imaging quality.
  • the optical imaging module 1420 has a pure reflective structure without chromatic aberration, and is easy to realize large-scale production.
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1520 and light rays propagating in the y-z plane according to a fourth example of the present invention.
  • the optical imaging module 1520 according to the fourth example are the same as the optical imaging module 120 described above with respect to FIGS. 1-5B and the optical imaging module 1410 described with respect to FIG. 14 , and will not be repeated here.
  • the following mainly describes the special features of the optical imaging module 1520 of the fourth example.
  • the optical imaging module 1520 may include a convex lens 1501 , a one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1502 (a conjugate imaging element and an aperture stop), a concave mirror 1503 , a beam splitter 1504 and a correction lens 1505 .
  • the convex lens 1501 is arranged between the object plane 10 and the image plane 15 , and its convex surface faces the object plane 10 .
  • the concave surface of the concave mirror 1503 faces the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1502 .
  • the beam splitter 1504 is obliquely arranged between the object plane 10 and the convex lens 1501 and between the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1502 and the concave mirror 1503 .
  • correction lens 1505 is disposed between the beam splitter 1504 and the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1502 for correcting the aberration of the optical imaging module 1510 .
  • Correction lens 1505 may be a positive lens or a negative lens.
  • a convex lens 1501 and a correction lens 1505 constitute an optical group 1
  • a concave mirror 1503 and a correction lens 1505 constitute an optical group 2 .
  • the correction lens 1505 can serve as an optical element in optical group 1 as well as an optical element in optical group 2 at the same time.
  • the beam splitter 1504 may be a polarizing beam splitting film; in this case, the optical imaging module 1510 may also include a first 1/4 wave plate 1506 and a second 1/4 wave plate 1507 .
  • the conjugate imaging element and aperture stop are integrated into a single component, the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1502 . That is to say, the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1502 also assumes the role of the aperture stop described above.
  • the s-polarized light emitted by the display surface is reflected by the polarization splitting film and irradiates on the concave mirror 1503; the light reflected by the concave mirror 1503 is second
  • the first 1/4 wave plate 1506 is converted into p-polarized light, and transmitted to the correction lens 1505 through the polarization splitting film and the second 1/4 wave plate 1507;
  • the reflection at 1502 passes through the correction lens 1505 again, and is converted into s-polarized light by the second 1/4 wave plate 1507, and is reflected by the polarization splitting film; the light reflected by the polarization splitting film converges at the image plane 20 in the air through the convex lens 1501 to form a suspension image.
  • the use of the polarization splitting film, the first 1/4 wave plate 1506 and the second 1/4 wave plate 1507 is to improve the optical efficiency of the optical imaging module, while eliminating the influence of unwanted light (for example, external light), and It is not necessary, because those skilled in the art can understand that an optical imaging module without using these optical elements is also sufficient to achieve the purpose of forming a levitating image.
  • the point on the display unit 111 is imaged by the optical imaging module 1520 along the x direction with a relatively large image square aperture angle, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, thereby forming a levitating image at the image plane 20 .
  • the point on the display part 111 is imaged by the optical imaging module 1520 along the y direction with a relatively small image square aperture angle to obtain high imaging quality.
  • the optical imaging module 1420 or 1520 can be a symmetrical structure, and the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 or 1502 in the conjugate imaging element is the middle position of the optical imaging module 1420 or 1520, that is, the conjugate
  • the optical path between the imaging element and the object plane is substantially equal to the optical path between the conjugate imaging element and the image plane.
  • FIG. 16 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1620 and light propagation in the y-z plane according to a fifth example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1620 and light propagation in the y-z plane according to a fifth example of the present invention.
  • Several details of the optical imaging module 1620 according to the fifth example are the same as the optical imaging module 120 described above with respect to FIGS. 1-5B , and will not be repeated here. The following mainly describes the special features of the optical imaging module 1620 of the fifth example.
  • the optical imaging module 1620 may include a plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1601 (first light group), a sawtooth grating 1602 (conjugate imaging element), a cylindrical concave mirror 1603 (second light group and aperture stop), Polarization splitter plate 1604 , first polarizer 1605 , second polarizer 1606 , first 1/4 wave plate 1607 and second 1/4 wave plate 1608 .
  • the second optical group and the aperture stop are integrated into a single component, namely a cylindrical concave mirror 1603 , and its concave surface faces the object plane 10 . That is to say, the cylindrical concave mirror 1603 also acts as an aperture stop in the y direction.
  • the conjugate imaging element is a sawtooth grating 1602 arranged to face the image plane 20, and the one-dimensional optical element in optical group 1 is a plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1601 arranged between the image plane 20 and the sawtooth grating 1602, the plano-convex cylinder
  • the planar side of the mirror 1601 faces the image plane 20
  • the convex side of the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1601 faces the sawtooth grating 1602 .
  • the polarization splitter plate 1604 is obliquely arranged between the object plane 10 and the cylindrical concave mirror 1603 and between the sawtooth grating 1602 and the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1606 .
  • the first polarizer 1605 is disposed between the object plane 10 and the polarization splitter plate 1604 for converting the light from the object plane 10 into p-polarized light.
  • the second polarizer 1606 is disposed optically downstream of the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1601 for blocking s-polarized light from passing through.
  • the first 1/4 wave plate 1607 is disposed between the cylindrical concave mirror 1603 and the polarization splitter plate 1604 for converting the light reflected from the cylindrical concave mirror 1603 into s-polarized light.
  • the second 1/4 wave plate 1608 is disposed between the polarization splitting plate 1604 and the sawtooth grating 1602 for converting the light reflected from the sawtooth grating 1602 into p-polarized light.
  • the display part 111 When the display part 111 is arranged on or relayed to the object plane of the optical imaging module 1610, the light emitted from the display surface passes through the first polarizer 1605, is converted into p-polarized light, passes through the polarization beam splitter plate 1604, and the polarization beam splitter plate 1604 transmits After passing through the p-polarized light, the s-polarized light is reflected, so the light emitted from the display surface passes through the polarization beam splitter 1604 , passes through the first 1/4 wave plate 1607 , and irradiates the cylindrical concave mirror 1603 .
  • the light returning from the cylindrical concave mirror 1603 passes through the first 1/4 wave plate 1607 again, converts it into s-polarized light, is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 1604, and irradiates the sawtooth grating 1602 through the second 1/4 wave plate.
  • the light reflected from the sawtooth grating 1602 passes through the second 1/4 wave plate 1608 again, is converted into p-polarized light, passes through the polarization splitter plate 1604 , and irradiates onto the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1606 .
  • the light passes through the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1601 to form a suspended image at the aerial image plane 20 .
  • the function of the second polarizer 1606 is to only let the p-polarized light pass through and filter out the stray light of the s-polarized light. At the same time, when the external light enters the sawtooth grating 1602, it cooperates with the second 1/4 wave plate 1608 to eliminate the influence of external light .
  • the point on the display unit 111 is imaged by the optical imaging module 1620 along the x direction with a relatively large image square aperture angle, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, thereby forming a levitating image at the image plane 20 .
  • the point on the display part 111 is imaged by the optical imaging module 1620 along the y direction with a relatively small image square aperture angle to obtain high imaging quality.
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1720 according to a sixth example of the present invention and light rays propagating in the y-z plane.
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1720 according to a sixth example of the present invention and light rays propagating in the y-z plane.
  • optical imaging module 1720 may include plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1701 (first light group), one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1702 (conjugate imaging element), cylindrical concave mirror 1703 (second light group and aperture light Aperture), polarization splitting film 1704, beam splitter 1705, first polarizer 1706, second polarizer 1707 and 1/4 wave plate 1708.
  • the second light group and the aperture stop are integrated into a single component, namely a cylindrical concave mirror 1703 , and its concave surface faces the object plane 10 . That is to say, the cylindrical concave mirror 1703 also acts as an aperture stop in the y direction.
  • the conjugate imaging element with a one-dimensional grating structure is a one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1702
  • the one-dimensional optical element in optical group 1 is a plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1701 arranged between the image plane 20 and the polarization beam splitting film 1704, the plano-convex
  • the plane side of the convex cylindrical mirror 1701 faces the image plane 20
  • the convex side of the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1701 faces the polarization beam splitting film 1704 .
  • the dichroic mirror 1705 is obliquely arranged between the object plane 10 and the cylindrical concave mirror 1703 for transmitting the light from the object plane 10 to the cylindrical concave mirror 1703 and reflecting the light reflected back from the cylindrical concave mirror 1703 to a Dimensional retroreflective screen 1702.
  • the polarizing beam splitting film 1704 is obliquely arranged between the beam splitting mirror 1705 and the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1702, and is used for passing the p-polarized light and reflecting the s-polarized light.
  • the polarization splitting film 1704 reflects the s-polarized light reflected from the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1702 to the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1701 .
  • the first polarizer 1706 is disposed between the beam splitter 1705 and the polarization splitting film 1704 for converting the light from the object plane 10 into p-polarized light.
  • a quarter-wave plate 1708 is disposed between the polarization splitting film 1704 and the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1702 for converting the light reflected back from the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1702 into s-polarized light.
  • the second polarizer 1707 is disposed optically downstream of the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1701 for passing s-polarized light.
  • the display unit 111 When the display unit 111 is arranged on the object plane 10 of the optical imaging module 1720, the light emitted from the display surface is irradiated on the cylindrical concave mirror 1703 through the beam splitter 1705 and is reflected by the concave mirror 1703, and is irradiated on the beam splitter 1705 again, It is reflected to 1706, and 1706 is a polarizer used to pass light in the p-polarized state; the p-state polarized light further passes through the polarization splitting film (passing P light and reflecting s light), and irradiates on the 1/4 wave plate 1708, and the light is captured by a After being reflected by the three-dimensional retroreflective screen 1702, it passes through the 1/4 wave plate 1708 again to become s-polarized light; the s-polarized light is reflected by the polarizing beam splitting film 1704, shines on the lens 1701, and exits through the second polarizer 1707 to form in space floating image.
  • the second polarizer 1707 can pass s-polarized light.
  • the absorption axes of the second polarizer 1707 and the first polarizer 1706 are perpendicular to each other, which can prevent the large-angle light emitted from the display surface from directly passing through the second polarizer 1707 and the first polarizer 1706 and entering the human eye, forming a ghost image .
  • the image square aperture angle of a point on the display unit 111 that is imaged by the optical imaging module 1720 along the x direction is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, thereby forming a floating image at the image plane 20.
  • the image square aperture angle of the point imaged by the optical imaging module 1720 along the y direction is relatively small, so as to obtain high imaging quality.
  • the spliced display device according to the present invention can also be a forward imaging in the y direction, for example, by adding Flip the optical system in the y direction of , as shown in Figure 18.
  • a light shielding portion may be provided between each display portion and/or each optical imaging module to prevent crosstalk between light from different modules.
  • a multi-layer display device is also provided.
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic diagram of a multilayer display device 2000 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the multi-layer display device 2000 may include the aforementioned spliced display device 100 and the transparent display device 200 .
  • the transparent display device 200 may be disposed on the light exit side (optical downstream) of the spliced display device 100 .
  • the display surface of the transparent display device 200 and the suspended image surface 20 of the spliced display device 100 are located at different positions, specifically between the suspended image surface 20 and the spliced display device 100 .
  • the transparent display part 200 may have high transmittance, such as a transparent OLED/LED/LCD display or a film sheet (slide).
  • the transparent display device 200 can also be obtained by placing a transparent film (the haze of the film is less than ⁇ 2%) in front of the tiled display device 100, and projecting images by micro-projection, as shown in FIG. 21 .
  • the multilayer display device 2000 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described above.
  • the multi-layer display device 2000 has a display surface 1 and a display surface 2.
  • the spliced display device 100 can form a floating image on the display surface 1 (image surface 20), and the transparent display device 200 can display different information on the display surface 2.
  • secondary information can be displayed on the display surface 2 and important information can be presented on the display surface 1, thereby improving the efficiency and experience of people acquiring information.
  • the display module 110 may also be a naked-eye three-dimensional display, and the three-dimensional display may be a multi-view autostereoscopic display or a light field display.
  • a common naked-eye three-dimensional display is composed of a flat panel display and a micro-optical unit, which can be a micro-lens or a slit grating.
  • the flat-panel display produces images with parallax, which are sent to the left and right eyes of the observer after passing through the micro-optical unit, and the binocular parallax effect of the human eye is used to produce a three-dimensional effect.
  • FIG. 23A a common naked-eye three-dimensional display is composed of a flat panel display and a micro-optical unit, which can be a micro-lens or a slit grating.
  • the flat-panel display produces images with parallax, which are sent to the left and right eyes of the observer after passing through the micro-optical unit, and the binocular parallax
  • point a1 on the display module 110 enters the right eye, and point a2 enters the left eye.
  • the point a is seen by human eyes due to the principle of binocular parallax, which is in front of the screen.
  • Point b1 on the display screen enters the right eye
  • point b2 enters the left eye
  • point seen by the human eye due to the principle of binocular parallax is point b, which is behind the screen.
  • the left and right eyes see point c on the screen together, so they feel that point c is on the screen. Therefore, the 3D image presented by the traditional naked-eye 3D display is a 3D image with the screen as the depth center and within a certain depth range before and after. Because the human eye will focus on the physical screen of the 3D display when viewing, it cannot feel the 3D images floating in the space, which affects the experience.
  • the display module 110 in the present invention can use a multi-viewpoint/light field display, which can solve this problem well.
  • the screen surface of the multi-viewpoint/light field display is projected into space through the optical imaging module 120 of the present invention to form a suspended image surface , by displaying parallax images on a multi-viewpoint/light field display, a 3D image can be formed in space with the floating image plane as the depth center and within a certain range before and after.
  • a 3D image can be formed in space with the floating image plane as the depth center and within a certain range before and after.
  • point a is on the foreground deep surface
  • point b is on the rear depth of field surface
  • point c is on the suspended image surface of the display device, the 3D image thus formed is completely floating in the air, with Better 3D effect experience.
  • the spliced display device, the optical imaging module used therein, and the multilayer display device according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above.
  • the advantages of the present invention are: 1) the size of the optical element required by a single optical imaging module in the spliced display device is small, easy to process, and can effectively reduce the cost; 2) a display module with a specific number of display parts and A specific number of optical imaging modules can be used to realize floating displays of different sizes, which is ready to use, especially for large-scale floating displays; 3) The optical imaging modules are designed once, and the corresponding number of the same optical The imaging module is enough, and there is no need to design different optical imaging modules for different floating image sizes; 4) The thickness of the spliced display device is small, so as to realize lightness and thinning.
  • the splicing display device is used to realize light field reconstruction of multiple display parts in the air, which is a light field three-dimensional display technology.
  • the light beam on the display part passes through the optical imaging module along the x direction, and the image square aperture angle is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, so that the floating display of the image can be realized.

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Abstract

本发明涉及用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置以及包括其的多层显示设备。该拼接显示装置包括：显示模块，配置成发出构成目标图像的显示光，显示模块包括沿第一方向间隔排列的多个显示部，其中每个显示部被配置成显示目标图像的相应部分；以及多个光学成像模块，配置成接收从显示模块发出的显示光以在空中形成多个悬浮子图像，其中每个光学成像模块具有物面和像面，其中多个显示部中的每个显示部置于多个光学成像模块中的对应光学成像模块的物面处，每个显示部所发出的显示光通过对应光学成像模块在像面处呈现相应的悬浮子图像，其中，多个悬浮子图像构成目标图像的完整悬浮图像，多个悬浮子图像中的相邻悬浮子图像具有重叠的拼接区域并且在拼接区域中具有相同的图像内容。

Description

用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置以及包括其的多层显示设备 技术领域
本文所述的实施例总体上涉及光场三维显示技术，更具体地涉及一种用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置以及包括该拼接显示装置的多层显示设备。
背景技术
在众多的显示技术中，空中悬浮显示技术由于能够将图像呈现在空气之中，为观看者带来强烈的视觉冲击和亦真亦假的感官体验从而受到了许多研究者的关注。
现有的悬浮显示技术主要有以下三类：第一类是传统光学透镜成像，例如凹面反射镜加分光镜的结构：该光学结构是此类显示系统最早提出的方案。被照明的真实物体或者LCD显示的内容由分光镜反射进入凹面反射镜，光线经过凹面反射镜的汇聚作用再次通过分光镜之后在其另一侧成像。此时，观察者可以看到空中悬浮的影像。该种技术方案悬浮图像成像尺寸小，畸变等像差严重。第二类是利用集成成像原理。此类方案是由微透镜阵列和若干图像单元阵列构成，图像单元中显示相同图像信息的点发出的光线通过对应的微透镜在空间中汇聚形成悬浮像点。此类方案的优点是显示装置的厚度超薄，厚度基本是显示器的厚度。缺点是分辨率很低，成本高。第三类是利用特殊微结构构成的“负折射率屏幕”进行悬浮成像，主要有以下几种：
a.逆反射结构加分束镜：该结构主要由玻璃微珠或微棱镜阵列构成。该结构能够实现反射光线与入射光线相互平行且方向相反的效果。显示源发出的光线经分束镜入射到逆反射结构，通过逆反射结构的反射光线将沿着入射光线的相反方向再次通过分束镜从而在其另一侧汇聚成像。
b.双层平面镜阵列：该方案是由上下两层平面镜阵列组成且两层之间的平面镜单元相互垂直。显示源发出的光线经过该平面镜阵列的反射后在另一侧汇聚成像。
c.微凸台结构阵列：该方案由微凸台结构阵列构成，显示源发出的光线经 过微凸台结构的两次反射，在另一侧汇聚成像。
此类技术方案的优点，没有像差。缺点是存在鬼象，“负折射率屏幕”加工成本高，系统体积大。
对于不同的场景需求，悬浮图像的所需尺寸有所不同。在现有技术中，虽然存在上述各种各样的悬浮显示技术，但是由于用于悬浮显示的光学系统的设计局限性，原始图像和悬浮图像在大多数悬浮显示装置中都为1:1设置；即使在小部分放大系统中，悬浮图像也是小幅度大于原始图像(例如，1.5：1)。这是因为如果放大程度越大，场曲、畸变等像差会越严重，那么需要更多的校正光学元件，而考虑到成本和尺寸因素，通常期望更少且更具成本效益的光学元件，从而降低悬浮显示装置中的光学系统的成本和尺寸。由此，悬浮显示装置所显示的悬浮图像的尺寸一般在厂商设计阶段就会被限定，在使用时无法调整。
如此，当用户根据不同的应用场景期望呈现不同尺寸的悬浮图像时，通常需要购买不同尺寸的悬浮显示装置。对于悬浮显示装置的厂商而言，需要针对不同用户需求设计出不同的悬浮显示装置(特别是设计出不同的光学系统来适配不同尺寸的图像显示单元)，逐一适配，从而消耗很大的人力和物力。
发明内容
本发明的示例性实施例的目的在于克服现有技术中的上述的和/或其他的问题，特别是提供一种用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置，其包括多个显示部和对应的多个光学成像模块以在空中形成由多个悬浮子图像拼接而成的悬浮图像，同时能够具有较低的制造成本以及更加灵活的光学布局。
具体地，本发明的示例性实施例提供了一种用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置，包括：显示模块，配置成发出构成目标图像的显示光，所述显示模块包括沿第一方向间隔排列的多个显示部，其中每个显示部被配置成显示所述目标图像的相应部分；以及多个光学成像模块，配置成接收从所述显示模块发出的所述显示光以在空中形成多个悬浮子图像，其中每个光学成像模块具有物面和像面，其中所述多个显示部中的每个显示部置于所述多个光学成像模块中的对应光学成像模块的物面处，每个显示部所发出的显示光通过对应光学成像模块在所述像面处呈现相应的悬浮子图 像，其中，所述多个悬浮子图像构成所述目标图像的完整悬浮图像，所述多个悬浮子图像中的相邻悬浮子图像具有重叠的拼接区域并且在所述拼接区域中具有相同的图像内容。
在上述的示例性实施例的拼接显示装置中，可以通过具有多个显示部的显示模块和对应的多个成像模块来在空中形成多个较小的悬浮子图像，相邻的悬浮子图像具有彼此重叠的部分以拼接成完整的较大悬浮图像从而实现大尺寸悬浮显示。这样的拼接显示装置对于实现不同尺寸悬浮显示而言明显降低了成本，因为无需针对特定尺寸的悬浮图像设计不同的光学成像系统，只需要根据所需的悬浮图像大小来选择适当数量的显示部和成像模块，而且小尺寸的光学元件相比于大尺寸的光学元件更容易加工。此外，这样的拼接显示装置相比于现有技术中的较大尺寸的悬浮显示装置明显减小的厚度，更加轻薄。
根据本发明的另一示例性实施例，还提供了一种多层显示设备，其包括：上述示例性实施例的拼接显示装置；以及透明显示装置，被设置在所述拼接显示装置的光学下游，其中所述透明显示装置的显示面与所述像面位于不同的位置处。
通过下面的详细描述、附图以及权利要求，其他特征和方面会变得清楚。
附图说明
通过结合附图对于本发明的示例性实施例进行描述，可以更好地理解本发明，在附图中：
图1示出根据本发明实施例的用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置100的示意性框图；
图2出根据本发明实施例的多个光学成像模块120 1～n倒置成像情况下的成像示意图；
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置100的示例性成像示意图；
图4A示出了成像模块y方向上的视场角的示意图；
图4B示出根据本发明实施例的拼接显示装置100中的光学成像模块120分别在x方向和y方向上的光线传播的原理示意图；
图5A示出根据本发明实施例的光学成像模块120的透射式配置的y方向光线传播示意图；
图5B示出根据本发明实施例的光学成像模块120的反射式配置的y方向光线传播示意图；
图5C示出一维格栅透射阵列的示例结构；
图5D示出一维回射屏的示例结构；
图6示出根据可选实施例的显示部与对应光学成像模块的布置示意图；
图7示出根据优选实施例的显示部与对应光学成像模块的布置示意图；
图8示出根据优选实施例的显示部与光学成像模块的完整可视区域的示意图；
图9示出根据可选实施例的光学成像模块中的光学元件的非对称设计的示意图；
图10示出根据本发明的第一示例的光学成像模块1020以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图；
图11柱面锯齿光栅的示例结构；
图12示出包括四个显示部111和四个光学成像模块1020的示例拼接显示系统1200；
图13示出根据本发明的第二示例的光学成像模块1320以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图；
图14示出根据本发明的第三示例的光学成像模块1420以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图；
图15示出根据本发明的第四示例的光学成像模块1520以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图；
图16示出根据本发明的第五示例的光学成像模块1620以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图；
图17示出根据本发明的第六示例的光学成像模块1720以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图；
图18根据可选实施例的光学成像模块在y方向正向成像的示意图；
图19示出设置遮光部的示意图；
图20示出根据本发明实施例的多层显示设备2000的示意图；
图21示出通过微投影来实现的透明显示装置的示意图；
图22示出多层显示设备实现裸眼3D显示的示意图；以及
图23A-23C示出显示模块采用三维显示器的说明性示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将描述本发明的具体实施方式，需要指出的是，在这些实施方式的具体描述过程中，为了进行简明扼要的描述，本说明书不可能对实际的实施方式的所有特征均作详尽的描述。应当可以理解的是，在任意一种实施方式的实际实施过程中，正如在任意一个工程项目或者设计项目的过程中，为了实现开发者的具体目标，为了满足系统相关的或者商业相关的限制，常常会做出各种各样的具体决策，而这也会从一种实施方式到另一种实施方式之间发生改变。此外，还可以理解的是，虽然这种开发过程中所作出的努力可能是复杂并且冗长的，然而对于与本发明公开的内容相关的本领域的普通技术人员而言，在本公开揭露的技术内容的基础上进行的一些设计，制造或者生产等变更只是常规的技术手段，不应当理解为本公开的内容不充分。
除非另作定义，权利要求书和说明书中使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属技术领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“一个”或者“一”等类似词语并不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现在“包括”或者“包含”前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在“包括”或者“包含”后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同元件，并不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，也不限于是直接的还是间接的连接。短语“A基本上等于B”意在考虑到工艺制造中的公差，即A与B的数值可以在彼此的±10％以内。
为了便于描述，可以认为光沿着光路在光束中从光学“上游”位置向光学“下游”位置传播。因此，光学元件在光路中的相对位置也可以用这两个术语来描述。
悬浮显示装置通常包括图像显示单元和光学系统，其中图像显示单元利用直接显示或间接投影的方式在光学系统的物面上呈现原始图像，图像光随后通过光学系统在其像面上形成悬浮图像。如果要实现大尺寸的悬浮显示，则需要加工更大的光学元件，这样会导致加工成本的迅速上升和光学元件精度的下降。 因此提出了一种用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置，其包括多个所述的悬浮图像显示模块，在空间中形成多个悬浮子图像，多个悬浮子图像拼接而成完整的悬浮图像。该技术方案同时能够具有较低的制造成本以及使得悬浮显示装置更加轻薄。
图1示出根据本发明实施例的用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置100的示意性框图。
参见图1，根据本发明实施例的拼接显示装置100可以包括显示模块110和多个光学成像模块120 1～n。显示模块110可以配置成发出构成目标图像的显示光，显示模块110可以包括沿y方向间隔排列的多个显示部111 1～n，其中n≥2。每个显示部111可以配置成显示目标图像的相应部分。多个光学成像模块120 1～n可以配置成接收从显示模块110发出的显示光以在空中形成多个悬浮子图像1～n。每个光学成像模块120 i具有物面和像面。多个显示部中的每个显示部111 i置于多个光学成像模块中的对应光学成像模块120 i的物面处，以使得每个显示部111 i所发出的显示光通过对应光学成像模块120 i在像面处呈现相应的悬浮子图像i，其中1≤i≤n。多个悬浮子图像1～n构成目标图像的完整悬浮图像，并且多个悬浮子图像1～n中的相邻悬浮子图像具有重叠的拼接区域P并且在拼接区域P中具有相同的图像内容。通过设置拼接区域，增加悬浮子图像在Y方向的边缘图像的可观察视角范围。
在本发明的实施例中，多个显示部可以是同一显示器的不同部分或者各自为单独的显示器。每个显示部111 i上显示的目标图像的相应部分与对应光学成像模块120 i的像面处呈现的相应的悬浮子图像在y方向上可以为倒置成像关系。
图2示出根据本发明实施例的多个光学成像模块120 1～n倒置成像情况下的成像示意图。注意，在图2中，出于清楚、简洁的目的，仅示出三个光学成像模块120 1～3。如图2所示，显示部111 1～3的显示面分别设置在光学成像模块120 1～3的物面10处，物面10上的物点发出的光线经由光学成像模块120 1～3倒置成像在像面上。显示部111 1～3可以分别配置成以y方向翻转的方式显示目标图像(由n1～n+j；m0～m+j；k0～k+j依次构成)的相应部分(n1～n+j)、(n+i、n+j、m0～m+j)和(m+i、m+j、k0～k+j)。换而言之，这些部分在y方向上反向显示在显示部111 1～3的显示面上，由此经由相应的光学成像模块120 1～3倒置成像为正向的悬浮子图像1(n1～n+j)、悬浮子图像2(n+i、n+j、m0～m+j)和悬浮子图像3(m+i、m+j、k0～k+j)。
相邻的显示部分别具有成像于拼接区域P 12的重复显示区域(由虚线框所示) 并且在各自的重复显示区域中具有显示相同内容的像素点。例如，显示部111 1靠近上边缘的重复显示区域与显示部111 2靠近下边缘的重复显示区域成像于同一拼接区域，并且在各自的重复显示区域中具有显示相同内容的像素点(n+j和n+i)。在该示例中，显示部111 1和显示部111 2的重复显示区域中的显示相同内容的像素点(n+j和n+i)分别通过对应光学成像模块120 1～2在像面20处成像在拼接区域P 12内的同一像点。类似地，显示部111 2靠近上边缘的重复显示区域与显示部111 3靠近下边缘的重复显示区域成像于拼接区域P 23，并且在各自的重复显示区域中具有显示相同内容的像素点(m+j和m+i)；且显示部111 2和显示部111 3的重复显示区域中的显示相同内容的像素点(m+j和m+i)分别通过对应光学成像模块120 2～3在像面20处成像在拼接区域P 23内的同一像点。
以此方式，可以在像面20上形成目标图像的完整悬浮图像(即，由n1～n+j；m0～m+j；k0～k+j依次构成)。
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置100的示例性成像示意图。在此示例中，拼接显示装置100可以包括具有三个显示部的显示模块110以及分别对应于三个显示部的三个光学成像模块120。原始图像(作为示例，尺寸200*200)可以在y方向上被划分为三个子图像(尺寸200*75)，这三个子图像彼此具有部分重复的图像内容(由S1和S2指示)。第一显示部、第二显示部和第三显示部配置成在对应的光学成像模块120的物面上以y方向翻转的方式显示这三个子图像。第一显示部、第二显示部和第三显示部所发出的显示光经由光学成像模块120成像在其像面上的特定区域，以形成对应于三个子图像的三个悬浮子图像。相邻的悬浮子图像中具有重复图像内容的部分在拼接区域P1或P2(P1＝S1+S1、P2＝S2+S2)彼此重叠，从而形成原始图像的完整悬浮图像。
在本发明的实施例中，多个光学成像模块120在图像的水平方向(x方向)上无缩放效果，而在图像的竖直方向(y方向)具有放大效果。也就是说，x方向的像高等于x方向的物高，y方向的像高大于y方向的物高。如图3所示，尺寸200*200的原始图像经由拼接显示装置100可以被成像为尺寸200*220的悬浮图像，其中尺寸200*75的三个子图像分别被成像为尺寸200*82.5的悬浮子图像。
为了实现图像在y方向的无缝拼接，所以悬浮子图像的y方向像高需要大于等于光学成像模块在y方向上的最大物理尺寸。对于单元成像模块来说，如图 4A所示，显示模块在y方向的上边缘的像素点a通过光学成像模块121形成的悬浮像点a1只有下视场角α。通过设置交叠的显示区域，在下方相邻的显示模块中的下边缘设置同样的像素点a，该像素点通过光学成像模块122形成的悬浮像点a1具有上视场角β，悬浮像点a1的可视角度范围为α+β。如此通过在相邻的显示单元设置重叠的显示区域，并通过各自对应的成像模块在空间中实现了对应悬浮显示点的可视角度拼接，增加了悬浮子图像边缘悬浮像点的可视角度范围。
在本发明的实施例中，多个光学成像模块120可以具有相同的结构。此外，拼接区域的视角大小能够通过改变对应的重复显示区域的尺寸来调整。
以上描述了根据本发明示例性实施例的用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置100。在该装置中，可以通过具有多个显示部的显示模块和对应的多个成像模块来在空中形成多个较小的悬浮子图像，相邻的悬浮子图像具有彼此重叠的部分以拼接成完整的较大悬浮图像从而实现大尺寸悬浮显示。这样的拼接显示装置100对于实现不同尺寸悬浮显示而言明显降低了成本，因为无需针对特定尺寸的悬浮图像设计不同的光学成像系统，只需要根据所需的悬浮图像大小来选择适当数量的显示部和成像模块，而且小尺寸的光学元件相比于大尺寸的光学元件更容易加工。此外，这样的拼接显示装置100相比于现有技术中的较大尺寸的悬浮显示装置明显减小的厚度，更加轻薄。
能够理解到，对于x方向，由于光学成像模块的物理结构和光学特性可以基本上相同，所以为了进一步减小光学元件的尺寸使得容易加工，在x方向也可以由若干组上述拼接显示装置来进一步拼接形成。
图4B示出根据本发明实施例的拼接显示装置100中的光学成像模块120分别在x方向和y方向上的光线传播的原理示意图。在x方向，物面和像面基本为等大，像方孔径角等于物方孔径角。在y方向，像面大于物面，像方孔径角小于物方孔径角，在y方向上，悬浮子图像的像高大于对应的光学成像模块120的最大物理尺寸。
图5A示出根据本发明实施例的光学成像模块120的透射式配置的y方向光线传播示意图。图5B示出根据本发明实施例的光学成像模块120的反射式配置的y方向光线传播示意图。
光学成像模块120可以包括共轭成像元件121和成像光组。共轭成像元件121可以具有一维光栅结构以用于在x方向上成像。成像光组可以用于在y方向上成像， 其在y方向上的光线汇聚能力大于在x方向上的光线汇聚能力。x方向和y方向可以分别与光学成像模块120的光轴正交。
成像光组可以包括第一光组101和第二光组102。作为示例，第一光组101和第二光组102可以为柱面镜组，但本发明不限于此。具有一维光栅结构的共轭成像元件121可以沿光轴设置在第一光组101与第二光组102之间。共轭成像元件121可以为透射式(如图5A所示)，或者可以是反射式(如图5B所示)。作为示例，共轭成像元件121可以是一维回射屏、一维格栅透射阵列、一维全息光栅等。一维格栅透射阵列结构的示例如图5C所示，一维格栅透射阵列结构可以由若干平行玻璃平板贴合构成，其中贴合面镀有反射膜，其中物点o与像点o’光学共轭，该结构的物面与像面等大，并且无像差。一维回射屏的示例如图5D所示，任意照射在一维回射屏表面的光线，一部分光线按照原角度反射。采用这样的共轭成像元件的益处在于，位置关系(物与像)共轭，图像不放大，无像差。可选地，在本发明的一些实施例中，共轭成像元件可以被设置为光学成像模块120中的孔径光阑。孔径光阑用于在y方向限制通过成像光组的光线高度，从而减小y方向的成像像差。在本发明的一些实施例中，每个光学成像模块的物面和像面可以为相对平行设置。
可选地，在一些实施例中，多个显示部111中的一个或多个显示部在y方向上相对于对应光学成像模块120的光轴非对称地设置，从而使得所形成的一个或多个悬浮子图像在y方向上相对于对应光学成像模块的光轴是非对称的。
图6示出根据该可选实施例的显示部与对应光学成像模块的布置示意图。如图所示，显示部111(具体地，显示面)可以相对于光学成像模块120的光轴在y方向上非对称地设置(图中向上方偏置)，由此形成的悬浮子图像相对于光学成像模块120的光轴在y方向上也是非对称的。以此方式，悬浮子图像在y方向下边缘图像点a具有更大的下视场角α，由此可以通过此种非对称的光学设计扩大悬浮图像的完整可视区域。
在上述可选实施例中，优选地，多个显示部111和多个光学成像模块120的数量为偶数。多个显示部111被中心轴划分为第一组显示部和第二组显示部。多个光学成像模块120被中心轴划分为第一组光学成像模块和第二组光学成像模块。第一组显示部和第二组显示部相对于中心轴是轴对称设置，并且第一组光学成像模块和第二组光学成像模块相对于中心轴是轴对称设置。
图7示出根据该优选实施例的显示部与对应光学成像模块的布置示意图。图7示出 四个显示部111 1～4和四个光学成像模块120 1～4作为示例。四个显示部111 1～4被系统中心轴划分为第一组显示部(中心轴上方的显示部111 1和111 2)和第二组显示部(中心轴下方的显示部111 3和111 3)。四个光学成像模块120 1～4被中心轴划分为第一组光学成像模块(中心轴上方的光学成像模块120 1和120 2)和第二组光学成像模块(中心轴下方的光学成像模块120 3和120 4)。第一组显示部和第二组显示部相对于中心轴是轴对称设置，即显示部111 1与显示部111 4相对于中心轴为轴对称布置，显示部111 2与显示部111 3相对于中心轴为轴对称布置。第一组光学成像模块和第二组光学成像模块相对于中心轴是轴对称设置，即光学成像模块120 1与光学成像模块120 4(特别是其中的光学布置)相对于中心轴为轴对称布置，光学成像模块120 2与光学成像模块120 3相对于中心轴为轴对称布置。在此优选实施例中，每个显示部和光学成像模块为非对称设计，子悬浮图像在y方向下边缘像素点的最大下视场角大于子悬浮图像在y方向上边缘像素点的最大上视场角。显示面10上每一点发出光线，在空间中的交集区域为人眼可以完整观看悬浮图像的可视区域，如图8中的阴影区域所示，悬浮图像在空间上位于可视区域与显示面之间。采用此种设计既保证了y方向观察视角的对称性，又使得视角向系统的中心偏移，有助于扩大悬浮图像的完整可视区域。
在图7、图8的实施例中，光学成像模块120中的光学元件可以为非对称设计。例如，图9示出光学成像模块120中的示例光学布置，相对于主光轴，光学元件702为非对称设计，即L1<L2，光学元件703也为非对称设计，即h1>h2。
在下文中，将描述根据本发明实施例的拼接显示装置中的光学成像模块的若干示例。
第一示例
图10示出根据本发明的第一示例的光学成像模块1020以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图。根据第一示例的拼接显示装置中的光学成像模块1020的若干细节与上文关于图1-5B描述的光学成像模块120是相同的，在此不再赘述。以下主要描述第一示例的光学成像模块1020的特别之处。
参见图10，光学成像模块1020包括第一柱面镜1021、第二柱面镜1022、第三柱面镜1023、柱面锯齿光栅1024和分光平板1025。可以通过将一维光学元件(例如，柱面镜)和具有一维光栅结构的共轭成像元件(例如，一维回射屏，任意照射 在一维回射屏表面的光线，一部分光线按照原角度反射)一体成形来制成柱面锯齿光栅1024。柱面锯齿光栅1024的y方向为曲面，x方向为一维锯齿结构，锯齿结构为顶角为90度的等腰三角形结构，如图11所示。
第一柱面镜1021可以是柱面凸透镜，布置在物面10与像面20之间并且其凸面面向物面。第二柱面镜1022是凹面反射镜，其凹面面向柱面锯齿光栅1024。分光平板1025被倾斜地(例如，与光轴成45°)设置在物面10与第一柱面镜1021之间以及柱面锯齿光栅1024与第二柱面镜1022之间。第三柱面透镜1023可以是弯月透镜，设置在分光平板1025与物面10之间并且其凸面面向分光平板1025。
第一柱透镜1021和柱面锯齿光栅1024可以构成上文描述的第一光组101，柱面锯齿光栅1024的y方向设置为柱面镜，目的是承担一部分光焦度，使得第一柱透镜1021的焦距不用过短，更容易采用PC，PMMA等低射率的材料加工。第二柱面镜1022和第三柱透镜1023可以构成上文描述的第二光组102。第三柱透镜1023的作用主要是矫正场曲，平衡中心和边缘图像的光程，提高悬浮图像的显示清晰度。
当显示模块110的显示部111(即，显示面)被设置在或被中继到光学成像模块1020的物面10处时，显示面发出的光经由第三柱透镜1023调制、被分光平板1025反射照射到第二柱面镜1022上，被第二柱面镜1022反射回分光平板1025从分光平板1025透射到柱面锯齿光栅1024上，被柱面锯齿光栅1024反射回分光平板1025、又被反射到第一柱透镜1021，最后从第一柱透镜1021出射在像面形成悬浮图像。如前文所述，同一物点发出的光在x方向上通过柱面锯齿光栅1024成像在像面20上，而在y方向上依次通过第三柱面镜1023、第二柱面镜1022、柱面锯齿光栅1024和第一柱面镜1021成像在像面20上的同一点。
以此方式，显示部111上的点沿x方向通过光学成像模块1020成像，因为是通过一维共轭成像元件成像，无像差，图像无放大，像方孔径角基本等于物方孔径角，容易获得大的像方孔径角，满足双目视差条件，由此可以在像面20处形成悬浮图像。显示部111上的点沿y方向通过光学成像模块1020成像，通过设置y方向的孔径光阑尺寸(本实施例中孔径光阑为柱面锯齿光栅)使得像方孔径角相对较小，在满足观察范围的条件下，获得高成像质量，同时具有图像放大效果。
图12示出包括四个显示部111和四个光学成像模块1020的示例拼接显示系统1200。在该示例中，上方两个显示部111和下方两个显示部111相对于中心轴是轴对称设置，并且上方两个光学成像模块1020和下方两个光学成像模块1020相对于中心轴是轴对称设置。在每个光学成像模块1020中，光学元件可以为非对称设计。
第二示例
图13示出根据本发明的第二示例的光学成像模块1320以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图。根据第二示例的拼接显示装置中的光学成像模块1320的若干细节与上文关于图10描述的光学成像模块1020是相同的，在此不再赘述。以下主要描述第二示例的光学成像模块1320的特别之处。
在此示例中，如图13所示，除了第一柱面镜1321、第二柱面镜1322、第三柱面镜1323、柱面锯齿光栅1324和分光平板1325以外，光学成像模块1320还包括：分别设置在分光平板1325两侧的偏振分光膜APF，基本上与分光平板1325保持一致的倾斜度(例如，45°)；第一偏光片POL，设置在分光平板1325的面向第三柱面镜1323这一侧的偏光片APF与分光平板1325之间，基本上与分光平板1325保持一致的倾斜度(例如，45°)；第二偏光片POL，设置在第一柱面镜1321与像面20之间；第一1/4λ波片，设置在第二柱面镜1322的入光侧；第二1/4λ波片，倾斜地设置在分光平板1325的面向第一柱面镜1321这一侧的偏振分光膜APF与第一柱面镜1321(和柱面锯齿光栅1324)之间；以及第三1/4λ波片，设置在第二偏光片POL与第一柱面镜1321之间。
可以将显示模块110的显示部111(即，显示面)设置在或中继成像到光学成像模块1320的物面10处并且配置为发出s偏振图像光，经过第三柱透镜1323照射到分光平板1325上，被偏振分光膜APF反射，向下照射到第二柱面镜1322上，被反射，2次通过1/4λ波片，s光转换为P光，通过分光平板1325，经过第二1/4λ波片，照射到柱面锯齿光栅1324上，被反射，再次经过第二1/4λ波片转换为s偏振光，被偏振分光膜APF反射，第三次经过第二1/4λ波片，光线变成圆偏光；光线通过第一柱面镜1321后经过第三1/4λ波片变成线偏光，通过第二偏光片POL后出射，在像面形成悬浮图像。采用此种设置，可以有效的提 升成像光学模块的光学效率，特别地，第一柱面镜1321出光侧的第二偏光片POL和第三1/4λ波片构成圆偏光片，用来消除外部光线的反射光。本实施例中，第二偏光片与第一偏光偏光的吸收轴向为正交设置，以阻止显示光直接透过第三柱面镜(1323)和第一柱面镜(1321)出射，被人眼观察，形成鬼象。
第三示例
图14示出根据本发明的第三示例的光学成像模块1420以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图。根据第三示例的光学成像模块1420的若干细节与上文关于图1-5B描述的光学成像模块120是相同的，在此不再赘述。以下主要描述第三示例的光学成像模块1420的特别之处。
在此示例中，光学成像模块1420可以包括第一凹面镜1401(第一光组)、一维回射屏1402(共轭成像元件和孔径光阑)、第二凹面镜1403(第二光组)、第一分光平板1404和第二分光平板1405。第一凹面镜1401布置在物面10与像平面20之间，并且其凹面面向像平面20。第一凹面镜可以为等厚结构，上面涂布有50/50分光膜。第二凹面镜1403的凹面面向一维回射屏1402。第一分光平板1404被倾斜地设置在物面10与第一凹面镜1401之间以及一维回射屏1402与第二凹面镜1403之间。分光平板被设置在第一凹面镜1401与像平面20之间。
可选地，第一分光平板1404可以是偏振分光膜，而第二分光平板1405可以是偏振分光平板；在此情况下，光学成像模块1410还可以包括第一1/4波片1406、第二1/4波片1407和第三1/4波片1408。特别地，共轭成像元件与孔径光阑被整合为单个部件，即一维回射屏1402。也就是说，一维回射屏1402同时也承担着孔径光阑的作用。第一1/4波片1406可以被设置在第二凹面镜1403与偏振分光膜之间，第二1/4波片1407可以被设置在一维回射屏1402与偏振分光膜之间，而第三1/4波片1408可以被设置在第一凹面镜1401与偏振分光平板之间。第二1/4波片1407可以按照与第一分光平板1404相同的倾斜方式设置。第一1/4波片1406和第三1/4波片1408的光轴为正交设置。
当显示部111被设置在或被中继到光学成像模块1420的物面处时，显示面发出的s偏振光被偏振分光膜反射，照射到第二凹面镜1403上，进而被第二凹面镜1403反射的光线经过第一1/4波片1406转换为p偏振光，通过偏振分光膜和第二1/4波片1407透射到一维回射屏1402上；光线被一维回射屏1402反射再次经过第二1/4波片1407而转换为s偏振光，被偏振分光膜反射；被偏振分光膜反射 的光线再次通过第二1/4波片1407照射到第一凹面镜1401上，一部分光线通过第一凹面镜1401照射到第三1/4波片1408上，光线通过第三1/4波片1408后仍为s偏振光，被偏振分光平板反射；被偏振分光平板反射的光线照射到第一凹面镜1401上被再次反射，经过第三1/4波片1408后变成p偏振光，并且透过偏振分光平板出射，在空中的像平面20处形成悬浮图像。
注意，偏振分光膜、偏振分光平板、第一1/4波片1406、第二1/4波片1407和第三1/4波片1408的使用是为了提高光学成像模块的光学效率，同时消除不想要的光线(例如，外界光线)影响，而非必要，因为本领域技术人员能够理解到，不使用这些光学元件的光学成像模块也足以实现形成悬浮图像的目的。
以此方式，显示部111上的点沿x方向通过光学成像模块1420成像的像方孔径角相对较大，满足双目视差条件，由此可以在像平面20处形成悬浮图像。显示部111的显示面上的点沿y方向通过光学成像模块1420成像的像方孔径角相对较小，以获得高成像质量。光学成像模块1420为纯反射结构，无色差，容易实现大尺寸生产。
第四示例
图15示出根据本发明的第四示例的光学成像模块1520以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图。根据第四示例的光学成像模块1520的若干细节与上文关于图1-5B描述的光学成像模块120以及关于图14描述的光学成像模块1410是相同的，在此不再赘述。以下主要描述第四示例的光学成像模块1520的特别之处。
在此示例中，光学成像模块1520可以包括凸透镜1501、一维回射屏1502(共轭成像元件和孔径光阑)、凹面镜1503、分光镜1504和校正透镜1505。凸透镜1501布置在物面10与像平面15之间，并且其凸面面向物面10。凹面镜1503的凹面面向一维回射屏1502。分光镜1504被倾斜地设置在物面10与凸透镜1501之间以及一维回射屏1502与凹面镜1503之间。校正透镜1505设置在分光镜1504与一维回射屏1502之间，用于校正光学成像模块1510的像差。校正透镜1505可以是正透镜，也可以是负透镜。在此示例中，凸透镜1501和校正透镜1505构成光组1，同时凹面镜1503与校正透镜1505构成光组2。换而言之，在此示例中，校正透镜1505可以同时用作光组1中的光学元件以及光组2中的光学元件。
可选地，分光镜1504可以是偏振分光膜；在此情况下，光学成像模块1510 还可以包括第一1/4波片1506和第二1/4波片1507。特别地，共轭成像元件与孔径光阑被整合为单个部件，即一维回射屏1502。也就是说，一维回射屏1502同时也承担着上文描述的孔径光阑的作用。
当显示部111被设置在或被中继到光学成像模块1520的物面处时，显示面发出的s偏振光被偏振分光膜反射照射到凹面镜1503上；被凹面镜1503反射的光线第二次经过第一1/4波片1506而转换为p偏振光，通过偏振分光膜和第二1/4波片1507透射到到校正透镜1505上；经过校正透镜1505的光线被一维回射屏1502反射再次经过校正透镜1505，经过第二1/4波片1507转换为s偏振光，被偏振分光膜反射；被偏振分光膜反射的光线通过凸透镜1501在空中的像平面20处汇聚，形成悬浮图像。
注意，偏振分光膜、第一1/4波片1506和第二1/4波片1507的使用是为了提高光学成像模块的光学效率，同时消除不想要的光线(例如，外界光线)影响，而非必要，因为本领域技术人员能够理解到，不使用这些光学元件的光学成像模块也足以实现形成悬浮图像的目的。
以此方式，显示部111上的点沿x方向通过光学成像模块1520成像的像方孔径角相对较大，满足双目视差条件，由此可以在像平面20处形成悬浮图像。显示部111上的点沿y方向通过光学成像模块1520成像的像方孔径角相对较小，以获得高成像质量。
在上述第三示例和第四示例中，光学成像模块1420或1520可以为对称结构，共轭成像元件中的一维回射屏1402或1502为光学成像模块1420或1520的中间位置，即共轭成像元件与物面之间的光程基本上等于共轭成像元件与像平面之间的光程。
第五示例
图16示出根据本发明的第五示例的光学成像模块1620以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图。根据第五示例的光学成像模块1620的若干细节与上文关于图1-5B描述的光学成像模块120是相同的，在此不再赘述。以下主要描述第五示例的光学成像模块1620的特别之处。
在此示例中，光学成像模块1620可以包括平凸柱面镜1601(第一光组)、 锯齿光栅1602(共轭成像元件)、柱面凹面镜1603(第二光组和孔径光阑)、偏振分光平板1604、第一偏光片1605、第二偏光片1606、第一1/4波片1607和第二1/4波片1608。特别地，第二光组与孔径光阑被整合为单个部件，即柱面凹面镜1603，并且其凹面面向物面10。也就是说，柱面凹面镜1603同时也承担着y方向的孔径光阑的作用。共轭成像元件是布置成面向像平面20的锯齿光栅1602，并且光组1中的一维光学元件为布置在像平面20与锯齿光栅1602之间的平凸柱面镜1601，平凸柱面镜1601的平面侧面向像平面20，平凸柱面镜1601的凸面侧面向锯齿光栅1602。偏振分光平板1604倾斜地设置在物面10与柱面凹面镜1603之间以及锯齿光栅1602与平凸柱面镜1606之间。第一偏光片1605设置在物面10与偏振分光平板1604之间以用于将来自物面10的光转换为p偏振光。第二偏光片1606设置在平凸柱面镜1601的光学下游以用于阻挡s偏振光透过。第一1/4波片1607设置在柱面凹面镜1603与偏振分光平板1604之间以用于将从柱面凹面镜1603反射回的光转换为s偏振光。第二1/4波片1608设置在偏振分光平板1604与锯齿光栅1602之间以用于将从锯齿光栅1602反射回的光转换为p偏振光。
当显示部111设置在或中继到该光学成像模块1610的物面处时，显示面发出的光经过第一偏光片1605，转换为p偏振光，经过偏振分光平板1604，偏振分光平板1604透过p偏振光，反射s偏振光，因此显示面发出的光线穿透偏振分光平板1604，经过第一1/4波片1607，照射到柱面凹面镜1603上。从柱面凹面镜1603上返回的光线再次经过第一1/4波片1607，转换为s偏振光，被偏振分光平板1604反射，经过第二1/4波片照射到锯齿光栅1602上。从锯齿光栅1602上反射的光线再次经过第二1/4波片1608，转换为p偏振光透过偏振分光平板1604，照射到平凸柱面镜1606上。最后，光线穿过平凸柱面镜1601在空中像平面20处形成悬浮图像。第二偏光片1606的作用是只让p偏振光透过，滤出s偏振光杂光，同时外界光入射到锯齿光栅1602时，和第二1/4波片1608配合，可以消除外界光线影响。
以此方式，显示部111上的点沿x方向通过光学成像模块1620成像的像方孔径角相对较大，满足双目视差条件，由此可以在像平面20处形成悬浮图像。显示部111上的点沿y方向通过光学成像模块1620成像的像方孔径角相对较小，以获得高成像质量。
第六示例
图17示出根据本发明的第六示例的光学成像模块1720以及光线在y-z平面传播的示意图。根据第六示例的光学成像模块1720的若干细节与上文关于图1-5B描述的光学成像模块120是相同的，在此不再赘述。以下主要描述第六示例的光学成像模块1720的特别之处。
在此示例中，光学成像模块1720可以包括平凸柱面镜1701(第一光组)、一维回射屏1702(共轭成像元件)、柱面凹面镜1703(第二光组和孔径光阑)、偏振分光膜1704、分光镜1705、第一偏光片1706、第二偏光片1707和1/4波片1708。特别地，第二光组与孔径光阑被整合为单个部件，即柱面凹面镜1703，并且其凹面面向物面10。也就是说，柱面凹面镜1703同时也承担着y方向的孔径光阑的作用。具有一维光栅结构的共轭成像元件是一维回射屏1702，并且光组1中的一维光学元件为布置在像平面20与偏振分光膜1704之间的平凸柱面镜1701，平凸柱面镜1701的平面侧面向像平面20，平凸柱面镜1701的凸面侧面向偏振分光膜1704。分光镜1705倾斜地设置在物面10与柱面凹面镜1703之间，用于将来自物面10的光透射到柱面凹面镜1703并且将从柱面凹面镜1703反射回的光反射到一维回射屏1702上。偏振分光膜1704倾斜地设置在分光镜1705与一维回射屏1702之间，用于通过p偏振光而反射s偏振光。偏振分光膜1704将从一维回射屏1702反射回的s偏振光反射到平凸柱面镜1701。第一偏光片1706设置在分光镜1705与偏振分光膜1704之间以用于将来自物面10的光转换为p偏振光。1/4波片1708设置在偏振分光膜1704与一维回射屏1702之间以用于将从一维回射屏1702反射回的光转换为s偏振光。第二偏光片1707设置在平凸柱面镜1701的光学下游以用于通过s偏振光。
当显示部111设置在该光学成像模块1720的物面10处时，显示面发出的光经过分光镜1705照射到柱面凹面镜1703上并且被凹面镜1703反射，再次照射到分光镜1705上，被反射至1706上，1706为偏光片用以通过p偏振态的光线；p态偏振光进一步通过偏振分光膜(通P光反s光)，照射到1/4波片1708上，光线被一维回射屏1702反射后再次经过1/4波片1708，变成s偏振光；s偏振光被偏振分光膜1704反射，照射到透镜1701上，通过第二偏光片1707出射，在空间中形成悬浮图像。第二偏光片1707可以通过s偏振光。第 二偏光片1707和第一偏光片1706的吸收轴方向正交，可以防止从显示面出射的大角度光线直接穿过第二偏光片1707和第一偏光片1706射入人眼，形成鬼像。
以此方式，显示部111上的点沿x方向通过光学成像模块1720成像的像方孔径角相对较大，满足双目视差条件，由此可以在像平面20处形成悬浮图像，显示部111上的点沿y方向通过光学成像模块1720成像的像方孔径角相对较小，以获得高的成像质量。
注意，虽然以上描述的实施例和示例都被绘示为y方向倒置成像关系，但是本领域技术人员应当清楚的是，根据本发明的拼接显示装置在y方向也可以是正向成像，例如通过附加的y方向翻转光学系统，如图18所示。
可以理解到，不同显示部的发出的光线可能会进入与对应光学成像单元相邻的光学成像单元，造成图像的串扰，形成鬼象。因此，在本发明的可选实施例中，如图19所示，每个显示部和/或每个光学成像模块之间可以设置有遮光部，以防止不同模块光线之间的串扰。
根据本发明的另一示例性实施例，还提供了一种多层显示设备。
图20示出根据本发明实施例的多层显示设备2000的示意图。
多层显示设备2000可以包括前文所述的拼接显示装置100以及透明显示装置200。透明显示装置200可以被设置在拼接显示装置100的出光侧(光学下游)。透明显示装置200的显示面与拼接显示装置100的悬浮图像面20位于不同的位置处，具体在悬浮图像面20与拼接显示装置100之间。透明显示部件200可以具有高透过率，例如透明OLED/LED/LCD显示器或菲林片(幻灯片)。透明显示装置200也可以通过在拼接显示装置100前设置透明薄膜(薄膜雾度小于<2％)，由微投影投射图像获得，如图21所示。
以上描述了根据本发明示例性实施例的多层显示设备2000。该多层显示设备2000具有显示面1和显示面2，拼接显示装置100可以在显示面1(像面20)处形成悬浮图像，透明显示装置200可以在显示面2处显示不同信息。如此，可以将次要信息显示在显示面2上，而将重要信息呈现在显示面1处，由此提升人们获取信息的效率和体验度。或者，也可以在显示面1和显示面2上显示大小相同的影像，利用物体距离观赏者远近距离不同会有阴暗以及颜色上的差别，进而将前后物 体影像重叠在一起，让观赏者产生立体感，从而实现裸眼3D显示，如图22所示。
可选地，显示模块110也可以为裸眼三维显示器，三维显示器可以是多视点自由立体显示器，也可以是光场显示器。如图23A所示，通常的裸眼三维显示器由平板显示器和微光学单元构成，微光学单元可以为微透镜或狭缝光栅。平板显示器产生有视差的图像，经过微光学单元后分别送入观察者的左右眼，利用人眼的双目视差效应，产生立体感。如图23B所示，显示模块110上a1点进入右眼，a2点进入左眼，人眼因为双目视差原理看到的点为a点，在屏幕的前方。显示屏上b1点进入右眼，b2点进入左眼，人眼因为双目视差原理看到的点为b点，在屏幕的后方。左右眼共同看到屏幕上的c点，因此感受到c点的位置在屏幕上。由此，传统裸眼三维显示器呈现的3D图像是以屏幕为深度中心，前后一定深度范围内的3D图像。因为观看时人眼会聚焦在三维显示器的物理屏幕，因此无法感受到空间中浮空的三维图像，影响体验。
本发明中的显示模块110可以采用多视点/光场显示器，可以很好的解决该问题，多视点/光场显示器的屏幕面经过本发明的光学成像模块120投射到空间中，形成悬浮图像面，通过在多视点/光场显示器上显示视差图像，即可在空间中形成以悬浮图像面为深度中心，前后一定范围内的3D图像。如图23C所示，在悬浮图像面，a点在前景深面，b点在后景深面，c点在显示装置的悬浮图像面，由此形成的3D图像是完全浮空在空中的，具有更好的3D效果体验。
以上详细描述了根据本发明的示例性实施例的拼接显示装置、其中使用的光学成像模块以及多层显示设备。本发明的优点在于：1)拼接显示装置中的单个光学成像模块所需的光学元件尺寸较小，易于加工，可以有效降低成本；2)可以根据需要采用具有特定数量的显示部的显示模块和特定数量的光学成像模块来实现不同尺寸的悬浮显示，即拼即用，特别有利于实现大尺寸悬浮显示；3)光学成像模块一次设计好，根据所需悬浮图像尺寸来使用对应数量的同一光学成像模块即可，而无需针对不同悬浮图像尺寸设计不同的光学成像模块；4)拼接显示装置的厚度较小，实现轻薄化。采用该拼接显示装置，实现多个显示部在空中的光场重构，是一种光场三维显示技术。显示部上的光束沿x方向通过光学成像模块成像的像方孔径角相对较大，满足双目视差条件，由此可以实现图像的浮空显示。
应当理解，上述说明是示意性的而非限制性的。例如，上述实施例(和/或其各方面)可以彼此结合起来使用。此外，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以进行许多修改，以使特定的状况或材料适应于本发明各个实施例的教导。虽然本文所述的材料的尺寸和类型用来限定本发明各个实施例的参数，但是各个实施例并不意味着是限制性的，而是示例性的实施例。在阅读上述说明的情况下，许多其它实施例对于本领域技术人员而言是明显的。因此，本发明的各个实施例的范围应当参考所附权利要求，以及这些权利要求所要求保护的等同形式的全部范围来确定。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种用于悬浮图像的拼接显示装置，包括：
    显示模块，配置成发出构成目标图像的显示光，所述显示模块包括沿第一方向间隔排列的多个显示部，其中每个显示部被配置成显示所述目标图像的相应部分；以及
    多个光学成像模块，配置成接收从所述显示模块发出的所述显示光以在空中形成多个悬浮子图像，其中每个光学成像模块具有物面和像面，其中所述多个显示部中的每个显示部置于所述多个光学成像模块中的对应光学成像模块的物面处，每个显示部所发出的显示光通过对应光学成像模块在所述像面处呈现相应的悬浮子图像，
    其中，所述多个悬浮子图像构成所述目标图像的完整悬浮图像，所述多个悬浮子图像中的相邻悬浮子图像具有重叠的拼接区域并且在所述拼接区域中具有相同的图像内容。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，每个显示部上显示的所述目标图像的相应部分与对应光学成像模块的像面处呈现的相应的悬浮子图像在所述第一方向上为倒置成像关系。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个显示部包括相邻的第一显示部和第二显示部，所述第一显示部和所述第二显示部分别具有成像于同一拼接区域的重复显示区域并且在各自的重复显示区域中具有显示相同内容的像素点。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述第一显示部和所述第二显示部的重复显示区域中的显示相同内容的像素点通过对应光学成像模块在所述像面处成像在所述同一拼接区域内的同一像点。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述拼接区域的视角大 小能够通过改变对应的重复显示区域的尺寸来调整。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个光学成像模块具有相同的结构。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述悬浮子图像的第一方向像高大于或等于对应的光学成像模块在第一方向的最大物理尺寸。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个光学成像模块中的每一个包括：
    具有一维光栅结构的共轭成像元件，用于在第二方向上成像；和
    成像光组，用于在第一方向上成像，其在第一方向上的光线汇聚能力大于在所述第二方向上的光线汇聚能力，所述第二方向和所述第一方向分别与所述光学成像模块的主光轴正交。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述成像光组包括第一光组和第二光组，且所述共轭成像元件沿主光轴设置在所述第一光组与所述第二光组之间。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，每个光学成像模块的物面和像面相对于所述共轭成像元件为基本对称设置。
  11. 如权利要求8所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述共轭成像元件被设置为所述光学成像模块中的孔径光阑。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个光学成像模块第二方向的像高等于第二方向的物高，第一方向的像高大于第一方向的物高，所述第二方向和所述第一方向分别与所述光学成像模块的主光轴正交。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，每个光学成像模块的物 面和像面为相对平行设置。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个显示部是同一显示器的不同部分或者各自为单独的显示器。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个显示部中的一个或多个显示部在所述第一方向上相对于对应光学成像模块的主光轴非对称地设置，所述多个光学成像模块中的一个或多个光学元件在所述第一方向上相对于主光轴为非对称结构，从而使得所形成的一个或多个悬浮子图像在所述第一方向上相对于对应光学成像模块的主光轴是非对称的。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个显示部和所述多个光学成像模块的数量为偶数，并且所述多个显示部被中心轴划分为第一组显示部和第二组显示部，所述多个光学成像模块被所述中心轴划分为第一组光学成像模块和第二组光学成像模块，所述第一组显示部和所述第二组显示部相对于所述中心轴是轴对称设置，所述第一组光学成像模块和所述第二组光学成像模块相对于所述中心轴是轴对称设置。
  17. 如权利要求8所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个光学成像模块中的至少一个光学成像模块中的共轭成像元件为反射式结构。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个光学成像模块的共轭成像元件为柱面锯齿光栅，沿第二方向为锯齿阵列，沿第一方向为柱面。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个光学成像模块包括：
    第一柱面镜，布置在所述物面与所述像面之间；
    凹面柱面反射镜，其凹面面向所述共轭成像元件；
    分光平板，倾斜地设置在所述物面与所述第一柱面镜之间以及所述一维光栅结构的共轭成像元件与所述凹面柱面反射镜之间。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个光学成像模块还包括：
    第二柱面镜，设置在所述分光平板与所述物面之间。
  21. 如权利要求1所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，每个显示部和/或每个光学成像模块之间设置有遮光部，以防止不同模块的光线之间的串扰。
  22. 如权利要求1所述的拼接显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示模块为三维显示器。
  23. 一种多层显示设备，包括：
    如权利要求1-22中任一项所述的拼接显示装置；以及
    透明显示装置，被设置在所述拼接显示装置的光学下游，其中所述透明显示装置的显示面与所述像面位于不同的位置处。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的多层显示设备，其特征在于，所述透明显示装置包括透明显示器或通过将图像投影到透明薄膜上来实现。
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