WO2023279852A1 - 天线单元和电子设备 - Google Patents

天线单元和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023279852A1
WO2023279852A1 PCT/CN2022/092994 CN2022092994W WO2023279852A1 WO 2023279852 A1 WO2023279852 A1 WO 2023279852A1 CN 2022092994 W CN2022092994 W CN 2022092994W WO 2023279852 A1 WO2023279852 A1 WO 2023279852A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arm
radiation
antenna unit
ground layer
director
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PCT/CN2022/092994
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭富祥
雍征东
魏路松
林溥靖
皇甫江涛
Original Assignee
Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
浙江大学
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Application filed by Oppo广东移动通信有限公司, 浙江大学 filed Critical Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Publication of WO2023279852A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023279852A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna unit and electronic equipment.
  • the antenna mainly plays the role of transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves in radio equipment, and is an indispensable part of radio technology equipment.
  • the current antenna unit still has the problems of low antenna radiation gain and narrow frequency band, which limit the use of the antenna.
  • an antenna unit and an electronic device are provided, which can realize wide frequency band coverage and improve antenna gain.
  • An antenna unit comprising:
  • dielectric substrate having first and second sides disposed opposite to each other
  • ground layer located on the first side of the dielectric substrate, and a slit opening is opened on one edge of the ground layer;
  • a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm are respectively located on the first side of the dielectric substrate and are respectively connected to the ground layer located on both sides of the slot opening, the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm
  • the radiation opening formed by the two radiation arms communicates with the slit opening, and the opening size of the radiation opening increases in a direction away from the ground layer with a preset gradient law;
  • a first director and a second director are respectively located on the first side of the dielectric substrate, the first director is connected to the first radiation arm and used to guide the first radiation arm the direction of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals, the second director is connected to the second radiation arm and is used to guide the direction of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals of the second radiation arm;
  • the feeding structure located on the second side of the dielectric substrate, is used to couple and feed power to the slot opening.
  • an electronic device including: a housing and the above-mentioned antenna unit, wherein the antenna unit is accommodated in the housing.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an electronic device in an embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment
  • Fig. 10 is a structural dimensional drawing of the antenna unit in an embodiment
  • Fig. 11 is a structural dimensional drawing of the antenna unit in an embodiment
  • Fig. 12 is a graph showing the variation of port scattering parameters of the antenna unit with frequency in one embodiment
  • Fig. 13 is a far-field radiation pattern of the E plane and the H plane at the 6.5 GHz frequency point of the antenna unit in an embodiment
  • Fig. 14 is the far-field radiation pattern of the E plane and the H plane at the 8GHz frequency point of the antenna unit in an embodiment
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment
  • FIG. 17 is a front view of another embodiment of the casing assembly of the electronic device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • first, second and the like used in this application may be used to describe various elements herein, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish a first element from another element, and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of the present application, “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the antenna unit of an embodiment of the present application is applied to an electronic device.
  • the electronic device may include a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palmtop computer, a mobile Internet device (Mobile Internet Device, MID), a wearable device (such as smart watches, smart bracelets, pedometers, etc.) or other communication modules that can be equipped with antenna units.
  • the antenna unit may be a UWB tag antenna, so that the electronic device has a tag positioning function.
  • an electronic device 10 may include a display screen component 110 , a casing component 120 and a controller.
  • the display screen assembly 110 is fixed on the housing assembly 120 and together with the housing assembly 120 forms an external structure of the electronic device.
  • the case assembly 120 may include a middle frame and a rear cover.
  • the middle frame may be a frame structure with through holes. Wherein, the middle frame can be accommodated in the accommodation space formed by the display screen assembly and the rear cover.
  • the back cover is used to form the outer contour of the electronic device.
  • the back cover can be integrally formed. During the molding process of the rear cover, structures such as a rear camera hole, a fingerprint identification module, and an antenna unit installation hole can be formed on the rear cover.
  • the back cover may be a non-metal back cover, for example, the back cover may be a plastic back cover, a ceramic back cover, a 3D glass back cover, or the like.
  • the controller can control the operation of the electronic device and the like.
  • the display screen component can be used to display pictures or fonts, and can provide the user with an operation interface.
  • the housing assembly 120 is integrated with an antenna unit, and the antenna unit can transmit and receive electromagnetic waves through the housing assembly 120 .
  • the antenna unit 200 includes a dielectric substrate 210, a ground layer 220, a first radiating arm 230, a second radiating arm 240, a first director, a second guide A director and a feed structure (only a dielectric substrate 210, a ground layer 220, a first radiating arm 230 and a second radiating arm 240 in one embodiment are shown in FIG. 2).
  • the dielectric substrate 210 has a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other.
  • the first side can be used to set the ground layer 220
  • the second side can be used to set the feeding structure, and the feeding structure passes through the dielectric substrate 210 feeds the ground plane 220 .
  • the dielectric substrate 210 may be made of a material with a lower dielectric constant, and a lower dielectric constant is beneficial to increase the bandwidth of the antenna.
  • the dielectric substrate 210 can be made of FR-4 plate with a relative permittivity of 4.3.
  • the ground layer 220 is located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210 , and a slit opening 300 is opened on one edge of the ground layer 220 .
  • the slot opening 300 is used to adjust the impedance matching of the antenna unit 200, and realize coupling feeding through the feeding structure, and the slot opening 300 is also conducive to realizing capacitive loading, which can reduce the size of the entire ground layer 210 and realize a small antenna. It is easy to be integrated into various circuit boards without excessive size adjustment; the ground layer 220 is used as the ground plane of the antenna unit 200, and its feeding is realized through electromagnetic coupling.
  • the ground layer 220 passes through the slot opening 300 to obtain the coupling feeding of the feeding structure 270; at the same time, the ground layer 220 is used as a reflector of the antenna unit 200 to reflect electromagnetic waves to the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240, which is beneficial to further improve the directivity of radiation .
  • the projection shape of the ground layer 220 on the dielectric substrate 210 is a rectangle with a slit opening 300 , and the slit opening 300 is symmetrical to the vertical center line Z of one of the long sides of the ground layer 220 . Therefore, the ground layer 220 can generate a symmetrical radiation signal after being coupled and fed by the feeding structure, which is beneficial to improving the omnidirectional radiation characteristic.
  • the slit opening 300 includes a connected first slit 310 and a second slit 320, the first slit 310 is located on the side of the edge away from the boundary, and the second slit 320 is located on the side of the edge close to the boundary.
  • the size of the first slit 310 is larger than the size of the second slit 320 .
  • the size of the first slot 310 is greater than the size of the second slot 320 and the first slot 310 is located on the side of the edge of the ground layer 220 away from the boundary, so the first slot 310 acts as a resonant cavity, which can match the impedance of the antenna.
  • the purpose of matching is to adjust the equivalent impedance of the antenna to a target value; the second slot 320 extends to the boundary to form an open slot, which can play a coupling role and affect the transmission of electromagnetic waves.
  • the first slit 310 is a circular slit, which acts as a circular resonant cavity; the second slit 320 is a rectangular slit, and the rectangular slit extends away from the circular slit, and is grounded with the feeding structure Part of the projected area on the layer 220 overlaps so as to couple and feed with the feeding structure.
  • the diameter of the circular slot is one quarter of the wavelength of the slot waveguide.
  • the material of the ground layer 220 can be a conductive material, such as metal material, alloy material, conductive silica gel material, graphite material, indium tin oxide, etc., and can also be a material with a high dielectric constant, such as glass with a high dielectric constant. , plastics, ceramics, etc.
  • the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 are respectively located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210, and are respectively connected to the ground layer 220 located on both sides of the slot opening 300, the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm
  • the radiation opening formed by the two radiation arms 240 (refer to area A in FIG. 2 ) communicates with the slot opening 300 , and the opening size of the radiation opening increases with a first gradient law in a direction away from the ground layer 220 .
  • the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 are located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210 respectively, and are arranged on the same layer as the ground layer 220 .
  • the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 are respectively connected to the ground layer 220 located on both sides of the slot opening 300 , the radiation opening formed by the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 communicates with the slot opening 300 , when the slot opening 300
  • the ground layer 220 obtains the feeding current, and reflects the electromagnetic wave to the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240, so that the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 guide the Radiation of electromagnetic waves reflected by the ground layer 220 .
  • the slot opening 300 and the radiation opening are respectively symmetrical about the center line of the ground layer 220, and the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 are symmetrical about the center line, so that the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 are symmetrical Guiding the radiation of electromagnetic waves reflected from the ground layer 220 is beneficial to the symmetry of the radiation and improves the symmetry of the pattern.
  • the opening size of the radiation opening formed by the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 increases with a preset gradient law in the direction away from the ground layer 220, so that the feeder on the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240
  • the electric current distribution has a gradual change, which is conducive to improving the flattening of the reflection curve, and the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240 and the feeding structure can form a gradual change antenna unit based on the Vivaldi antenna , with ultra-broadband end-fire characteristics.
  • the opening width of the radiation opening should not be less than half of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency
  • the arm length and arm width of the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 can be adjusted according to actual needs, the first radiation arm
  • the materials of the 230 and the second radiation arm 240 can be selected from conductive materials, and further, the same material as that of the ground layer 210 can be selected.
  • the first radiating arm 230 includes a plurality of first connecting segments 231 (two segments are taken as an example in FIG. 4 ), and the plurality of first connecting segments face away from the second radiation
  • the direction of the arm 240 and approaching the ground layer 220 is gradually inclined
  • the second radiating arm 240 includes a plurality of second connecting segments 241 (two segments are taken as an example in FIG. The direction of the ground layer 220 is gradually inclined.
  • the preset gradual change law is a gradual change law in which the size of the opening increases in segments, so that the first The distribution of the feeding current on the radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 has a gradual change, which is beneficial to the flattening of the reflection curve.
  • the inclination direction of the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 gradually tends to the direction perpendicular to the center line of the ground layer 220, so that the size of the opening increases in segments, and because the inclination angles of different connecting sections are different, the same connecting section
  • the increase of the opening size corresponding to the same radiation opening area is a gradual increase, and the increase between the opening sizes corresponding to different radiation opening areas corresponding to different connecting sections has a jump point.
  • the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 may also tend to Because the gradient is bent, the preset gradient law can also tend to increase in an exponential curve.
  • first connection section 231 and the second connection section 241 located closest to the ground layer 220 are respectively connected to the ground layer 220 on both sides of the slot opening 300, the free end of the first radiating arm 230 and the free end of the second radiating arm 240 The ends are respectively located on the first connecting segment 231 and the second connecting segment 241 at the position farthest from the ground layer 220 .
  • the first connection section 231 and the second connection section 241 located closest to the ground layer 220 may be respectively parallel to the centerline of the ground layer 220 .
  • the preset gradation rule is a gradation rule in which the size of the opening increases exponentially; wherein, as shown in FIG. 5 (only the dielectric substrate 210 , ground layer 220 , The first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240), the first radiating arm 230 is gradually bent away from the second radiating arm 240 and close to the ground layer 220, the second radiating arm 240 is away from the first radiating arm 230 and close to the ground The direction of layer 220 is gradually curved.
  • the size of the opening gradually increases toward the direction away from the ground layer 220, forming a law of gradual increase in a curve, so that the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 230
  • the distribution of the feeding current on the two radiating arms 240 has a gradual change, which is beneficial to improving the flattening of the reflection curve.
  • the preset gradual change law is a gradual change law in which the opening size increases exponentially, so that the distribution of the feed current on the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 has an exponential curve gradual change, further improving the reflection curve of flattening.
  • first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 in this embodiment may be in other gradual changing manners in addition to the gradual change rule in the above embodiment.
  • the first director and the second director are respectively located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210, the first director is connected to the first radiation arm 230 and is used to guide the first radiation arm 230 to receive and send The direction of the electromagnetic wave signal, the second director is connected with the second radiation arm 240 and is used to guide the direction of the second radiation arm 240 to send and receive the electromagnetic wave signal.
  • the first director and the second director are respectively located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210 , and are arranged on the same layer as the ground layer 220 , the first radiating arm 230 , and the second radiating arm 240 .
  • Both the first director and the second director have the function of strengthening the directional radiation of electromagnetic waves.
  • the first director is connected to the first radiation arm 230
  • the second director is connected to the second radiation arm 240, which can strengthen the first radiation arm 230.
  • the radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave on the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 realizes the deflection of the beam. When the beam deflection angle increases, the suppression effect of the ground layer 210 at the rear on the beam is weakened, and the directivity of the radiation of the antenna unit is improved. Gain to achieve the effect of broadening the beam.
  • the first guiding device includes: a first guiding arm 251, the end of the first guiding arm 251 is connected to the free end of the first radiating arm 230 and the included angle with the first radiating arm 230 in the direction toward the ground layer 220 is an obtuse angle less than 180°;
  • the second director It includes: a second guiding arm 261, the end of the second guiding arm 261 is connected to the free end of the second radiating arm 240 and the included angle with the second radiating arm 240 in the direction toward the ground layer 220 is less than 180° obtuse angle.
  • the end of the first guiding arm 251 is connected to the free end of the first radiating arm 230, and the end of the second guiding arm 261 is connected to the free end of the second radiating arm 240, so that the ground layer 220 acts as a reflector,
  • the first guiding arm 251 and the second guiding arm 261 serve as the first-level directors corresponding to the ground layer 220, so that the antenna unit also has the radiation principle of the Yagi antenna on the basis of the radiation principle and radiation characteristics of the Vivaldi antenna and radiation properties.
  • the second guiding arm 261 and the second radiating arm 240 are facing the ground layer 220.
  • the included angle in the direction is an obtuse angle smaller than 180°, so that the included angle between the first guiding arm 251 and the first radiating arm 230 in the direction toward the ground layer 220 is within the range of (90°-180°) and the second
  • the included angle between the guiding arm 261 and the second radiating arm 240 in the direction toward the ground layer 220 is directional radiation in the range of (90°-180°), which improves the gain of the antenna unit.
  • the first guide and the second guide are symmetrical about the center line of the ground layer 220, and the first guide arm 251 and the second guide arm 261 are respectively perpendicular to the center line , so that the first guiding arm 251 and the second guiding arm 261 strengthen the direction of directional radiation on the H plane, which can increase the gain of the antenna on the H plane.
  • the first director further includes: a third guide arm 252, located on the side of the first radiation arm 230 close to the center line and extending in a direction away from the ground layer 220;
  • the director further includes: a fourth guiding arm 262 located on a side of the second radiating arm 240 close to the centerline and extending in a direction away from the ground layer 220 .
  • the third guiding arm 252 is located on the transition area on the side of the first radiation arm 230 close to the center line
  • the fourth guiding arm 262 is located on the transition area of the second radiation arm 240 on the side close to the center line, so that the first radiation
  • the arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 are respectively used as reflectors
  • the third guiding arm 252 is used as a first-level director corresponding to the first radiating arm 230
  • the fourth guiding arm 262 is used as a first-level director corresponding to the second radiating arm 240.
  • the level director makes the antenna unit have the radiation principle and radiation characteristics of the Yagi antenna on the basis of the radiation principle and radiation characteristics of the Vivaldi antenna.
  • the third guiding arm 252 and the fourth guiding arm 262 respectively extend in a direction away from the ground layer 220, the third guiding arm 252 and the fourth guiding arm 262 can strengthen the direction away from the ground layer 220.
  • Directional radiation increases the gain of the antenna unit.
  • the positions of the third guiding arm 252 and the fourth guiding arm 262 on the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 are not limited, as long as the third guiding arm 252 and the fourth guiding arm 262 is located in the transition region and only needs to have a distance from the free ends of the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 respectively.
  • the first guide and the second guide are symmetrical about the center line of the ground layer 220, and the third guide arm 252 and the fourth guide arm 262 are respectively parallel to the center line . Therefore, the third guiding arm 252 and the fourth guiding arm 262 can strengthen the direction of directional radiation on the E-plane, and can increase the gain of the antenna on the E-plane.
  • the third guiding arm 252 and the fourth guiding arm 262 may be guiding arms having a bent shape, and the third guiding arm 252 includes a first connecting portion 410 and a first guiding portion 420 connected to each other.
  • the fourth guiding arm 262 includes a second connecting part 430 and a second guiding part connected to each other, the first connecting part 410 is connected to the first radiation arm 230, the second connecting part 430 is connected to the second radiation arm 240, the first guiding The directional part 420 is parallel to the second directional part, so that the first directional part 420 and the second directional part 440 are located close to the center line of the ground layer 210, further strengthening the direction of directional radiation on the E plane, which can The gain of the antenna on the E-plane is improved, and the bent-shaped guiding arm can not only adjust the beam deflection angle, but also reduce the overall antenna size and increase the antenna gain.
  • the first guide 250 includes a first guide arm 251 and a third guide arm 252;
  • the director 260 includes a second guide arm 261 and a fourth guide arm 262, so that the first guide 250 and the second guide 260 can strengthen directional radiation in multiple directions at the same time, realizing omnidirectional radiation, for example, At the same time, strengthening the direction of directional radiation on the H-plane and E-plane can improve the gain of the antenna on the H-plane and E-plane.
  • the power feeding structure is located on the second side of the dielectric substrate, and is used for coupling power feeding to the slot opening 300 .
  • the feed structure is used for load broadband matching, has a balun function, and implements coupling feed to the ground layer 210 through the slot opening 300 .
  • the feed structure 270 includes: a first microstrip feeder 271 , a fan-shaped microstrip patch 272 and a second microstrip feeder 273 .
  • the first microstrip feeder 271 is located on the second side of the dielectric substrate 210, the projected area of the first microstrip feeder 271 on the ground layer 220 is located at one side of the slot opening 300, and the first microstrip feeder 271 has a Balun effect, The impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be increased.
  • the size of the first microstrip feeder 271 is equal to the size of the ground layer 220 .
  • the width of the first microstrip feeder 271 gradually decreases toward the direction away from the ground layer 220, so that the first microstrip feeder 271 acts as a gradual change balun, realizing an exponential change A better transition between the slot line and the parallel twin lines increases the impedance bandwidth of the antenna.
  • the fan-shaped microstrip patch 272 is located on the second side of the dielectric substrate 210 and on the side of the slot opening 300 away from the first microstrip feeder 271, and the projection area of the fan-shaped microstrip patch 272 on the ground layer 220 is partially exposed to the ground. layer 220, so that the fan-shaped microstrip patch 272 plays the role of impedance matching. It should be noted that the radius of the fan-shaped microstrip patch 272 may be a quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.
  • the second microstrip feeder 273 is connected between the first microstrip feeder 271 and the fan-shaped microstrip patch 272, and the projection area of the second microstrip feeder 273 on the ground layer 220 is located at the edge of the ground layer 220 and the projection area There is a partial overlap with the slit opening 300 .
  • the second microstrip feeder 273 and the partially overlapping second slot 320 in the slot opening 300 play a role of mutual coupling and transmission of electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 10 takes the embodiment of FIG. 8 as an example
  • FIG. 11 takes the embodiment of FIG. 9 as an example.
  • the figure omits
  • the reference numerals of each structure please refer to the aforementioned corresponding embodiments for specific reference numerals:
  • the frequency band of the antenna unit 200 is 5.9GHz-8GHz, and the bandwidth can reach 2GHz.
  • the radiation efficiency of the antenna unit is relatively high in the entire frequency band.
  • 6.5GHz and 8GHz are two typical frequency points of the ultra-wideband system, and the far-field radiation gain of the antenna at these two frequency points is relatively high, as shown in the figure
  • the antenna unit of this embodiment is an end-fire type, which can also cover a large angle range and can approximate omnidirectional radiation.
  • the antenna unit of this embodiment combines the characteristics of the Vivaldi antenna and the Yagi antenna, and can achieve ultra-wideband, high gain, and omnidirectional characteristics within a limited size, and its performance is less affected by the ground area, and it is easy to integrate to various boards without excessive sizing.
  • the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, and the second director 260 can all be arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line of the ground layer 220 ( In FIGS. 1-11, this is taken as an example, Z in the figure is the center line), so as to improve the symmetry of the radiation of the antenna unit 200, which is beneficial to improve the symmetry of the pattern.
  • the materials of the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, and the second director 260 may be the same, for example, they are all metal sheets of the same material, thus, A metal sheet can be directly formed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the metal sheet can be patterned to obtain the ground layer 220 , the first radiating arm 230 , the second radiating arm 240 , the first director 250 and the second director 260 .
  • the antenna unit 200 provided in this embodiment includes a dielectric substrate 210 , a ground layer 220 , a first radiating arm 230 , a second radiating arm 240 , a first director 250 , a second director 260 and a feeding structure 270 .
  • the electromagnetic wave obtained by feeding coupling of the feeding structure 270 is reflected to the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 through the ground layer 210, which is beneficial to further improve the directivity of the radiation, and through the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240
  • the radiation opening formed by the two radiating arms 240 has a gradual change law, which can realize ultra-wideband radiation characteristics and is beneficial to the flattening of the reflection curve;
  • the first radiating arm 230 is guided by the first director 250 to guide the direction of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals,
  • the second director 260 guides the direction in which the second radiating arm 240 transmits and receives the electromagnetic wave signal, which can improve the directivity and gain of the radiation of the antenna unit 200 and achieve the effect of widening the beam.
  • Fig. 15 shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit 200 in an embodiment.
  • the antenna unit 200 includes a dielectric substrate 210, a ground layer 220, a first radiating arm 230 and a second radiating arm 240, a first director 250, a second director 260 and a feeding structure 270, and A third director 280 is included (FIG. 15 is an example based on the embodiment of FIG. 8).
  • the dielectric substrate 210 the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, the second director 260, and the feeding structure 270, refer to the relevant descriptions in the above-mentioned embodiments. This will not be repeated here.
  • the third director 280 is located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210 and on the side of the radiation opening away from the ground layer 220, and is used to guide the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna unit 200 to directional radiation, thereby improving the electric field on the surface of the antenna Distribution, better guide the electric field in the preset radiation direction of the antenna unit, and improve the directional radiation characteristics and gain of the antenna unit.
  • the projection shape of the third director 280 on the dielectric substrate is a rectangle (a rectangle is taken as an example in FIG. 15 ) or a V shape, wherein the opening direction of the V shape faces away from the ground layer 220 . Therefore, the electric field is better guided in the main axis radiation direction of the antenna, and the radiation performance and gain in the main axis radiation direction are improved.
  • FIG. 16 takes the third guide 280 as an example in a rectangular shape
  • the number of the third guide 280 is multiple, and the plurality of third guides 280 are spaced in parallel. Setting, so that the directional radiation characteristics and gain of the antenna unit can be further improved.
  • the spacing of multiple third directors 280 affects the pattern characteristics and impedance characteristics. When the spacing is large, the antenna gain is increased. When the spacing is small, the antenna frequency band characteristics are good, which can be set according to actual needs; the third The number of directors 280 affects the gain and lobe width, and the number can be set according to actual needs.
  • the lengths of the multiple third directors 280 are equal, or the lengths of the multiple third directors 280 gradually increase toward the ground layer 220 . Wherein, when the length of the third director 280 gradually increases, it is beneficial to reduce the resonance frequency point and improve impedance matching.
  • the specific position of the third director 280 is not limited, it only needs to be located on the side of the radiation opening away from the ground layer 220, and when the third director 280 is close to the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm When , better coupling capability with the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm can be obtained.
  • the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, the second director 260 and the third director 280 can all be related to the ground layer
  • the central line of 220 is arranged symmetrically (in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 as an example, Z is the central line in the figure), so as to improve the symmetry of the radiation of the antenna unit 200, which is beneficial to improve the symmetry of the pattern.
  • the materials of the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, the second director 260 and the third director 280 may be the same, for example, they are all the same material, so that the metal sheet can be directly formed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the metal sheet is patterned to obtain the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, The second director 260 and the third director 280 .
  • the antenna unit 200 provided in this embodiment includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, a first radiating arm, a second radiating arm, a first director 250, a second director 260, a third director 280 and a feeding structure 270.
  • the electromagnetic wave obtained by the feed coupling of the feeding structure 270 is reflected to the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 through the ground layer 220, which is beneficial to further improve the directivity of the radiation, and through the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240
  • the radiation opening formed by the two radiating arms 240 has a gradual change law, which can realize ultra-wideband radiation characteristics and is beneficial to the flattening of the reflection curve; in addition, the first radiating arm 230 is guided by the first director 250 to guide the direction of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals,
  • the second director 260 guides the direction in which the second radiation arm 240 sends and receives electromagnetic wave signals, and the third director 280 guides and guides the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna unit 200 for
  • an electronic device includes a casing and the antenna unit 200 in any one of the above embodiments, wherein the antenna unit 200 is accommodated in the casing.
  • the electronic device includes a plurality of antenna units 200 , and the plurality of antenna units 200 are distributed on different sides of the casing.
  • the housing includes a first side 121, a third side 123 opposite to each other, and a second side 122 and a fourth side 124 opposite to each other.
  • the second side 122 connects the first side 121, One end of the third side 123 and the fourth side 124 are connected to the other end of the first side 121 and the third side 123 .
  • At least two of the first side 121 , the second side 122 , the third side 123 and the fourth side 124 are respectively provided with the antenna unit 200 .
  • the two antenna units 200 are located on the second side 122 and the fourth side 124 respectively, so that the overall size of the antenna unit 200 is reduced in the dimension of the non-scanning direction, so that it can be placed on the electronic device possible on both sides.
  • An electronic device having the antenna unit 200 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments improves the radiation efficiency and radiation gain, expands the impedance bandwidth, effectively reduces the antenna section, realizes the thinning of the antenna module, and reduces the occupied space of the antenna module in the electronic device .
  • the electronic device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a handheld computer, a mobile Internet device (Mobile Internet Device, MID), a wearable device (such as a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.) or other antennas that can be set. communication module.
  • a mobile phone a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a handheld computer, a mobile Internet device (Mobile Internet Device, MID), a wearable device (such as a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.) or other antennas that can be set. communication module.
  • MID Mobile Internet Device
  • a wearable device such as a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.
  • Nonvolatile memory may include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory.
  • Volatile memory can include random access memory (RM), which acts as external cache memory.
  • RM is available in various forms such as Static RM (SRM), Dynamic RM (DRM), Synchronous DRM (SDRM), Double Data Rate SDRM (DDR SDRM), Enhanced SDRM (ESDRM), Synchronous Link (Synchlink) DRM (SLDRM), Memory Bus (Rmbus) Direct RM (RDRM), Direct Memory Bus Dynamic RM (DRDRM), and Memory Bus Dynamic RM (RDRM).
  • SRM Static RM
  • DRM Synchronous DRM
  • DDR SDRM Double Data Rate SDRM
  • EDRM Enhanced SDRM
  • SDRM Synchronous Link (Synchlink) DRM
  • SDRM Static RM
  • DRM Synchronous DRM
  • DDR SDRM Double Data Rate SDRM
  • EDRM Enhanced SDRM
  • SDRM Synchronous Link (Synchlink) DRM
  • SDRM Static RM
  • DRM Synchronous DRM
  • DDR SDRM Double Data Rate SDRM
  • EDRM Enhanced SDRM

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种天线单元（200）和电子设备，包括：介质基板（210）、接地层（220）、第一辐射臂（230）、第二辐射臂（240）、第一引向器（250）、第二引向器（260）及馈电结构（270）。馈电结构对接地层开设的缝隙开口（300）进行耦合馈电，接地层将获得的电磁波反射至第一辐射臂和第二辐射臂上，有利于进一步提高辐射的方向性，且通过第一辐射臂和第二辐射臂构成的具有渐变规律的辐射开口，可以实现超宽带的辐射特性且有利于反射曲线的平坦化；此外，通过第一引向器引导第一辐射臂收发电磁波信号的方向，第二引向器引导第二辐射臂收发电磁波信号的方向，可以提高天线单元辐射的方向性和增益，实现展宽波束的效果。

Description

天线单元和电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年07月09日提交中国专利局、申请号为2021107793038、发明名称为“天线单元和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及天线技术领域，特别是涉及一种天线单元和电子设备。
背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本申请有关的背景信息，而不必然地构成示例性技术。
天线在无线电设备中主要起着发射或者接收电磁波的作用，是无线电技术设备中不可缺少的一部分。然而，目前天线单元仍存在的天线辐射增益较低和频段窄的问题，限制了天线的使用。
发明内容
根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种天线单元和电子设备，可以实现宽频段覆盖，提高天线增益。
一种天线单元，包括：
介质基板，具有相背设置的第一侧和第二侧；
接地层，位于所述介质基板的所述第一侧，所述接地层的一侧边缘开设有缝隙开口；
第一辐射臂和第二辐射臂，分别位于所述介质基板的所述第一侧，且分别与位于所述缝隙开口两侧的所述接地层连接，所述第一辐射臂和所述第二辐射臂构成的辐射开口与所述缝隙开口连通，且所述辐射开口的开口尺寸在背离所述接地层的方向以预设渐变规律增大；
第一引向器和第二引向器，分别位于所述介质基板的所述第一侧，所述第一引向器与 所述第一辐射臂连接且用于引导所述第一辐射臂收发电磁波信号的方向，所述第二引向器与所述第二辐射臂连接且用于引导所述第二辐射臂收发电磁波信号的方向；
馈电结构，位于所述介质基板的所述第二侧，用于向所述缝隙开口耦合馈电。
此外，还提供一种电子设备，包括：壳体及上述的天线单元，其中，所述天线单元收容在所述在壳体内。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请的其他特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为一个实施例中电子设备的立体图；
图2为一实施例中天线单元的结构示意图；
图3为一实施例中天线单元的结构示意图；
图4为一实施例中天线单元的结构示意图；
图5为一实施例中天线单元的结构示意图；
图6为一实施例中天线单元的结构示意图；
图7为一实施例中天线单元的结构示意图；
图8为一实施例中天线单元的结构示意图；
图9为一实施例中天线单元的结构示意图；
图10为一实施例中天线单元的结构尺寸标注图；
图11为一实施例中天线单元的结构尺寸标注图；
图12为一实施例中天线单元的端口散射参数随频率变化的曲线图；
图13为一实施例中的天线单元6.5GHz频点处E面和H面远场辐射方向图；
图14为一实施例中的天线单元8GHz频点处E面和H面远场辐射方向图；
图15为一实施例中天线单元的结构示意图；
图16为一实施例中天线单元的结构示意图；
图17为图1所示电子设备的壳体组件在另一实施例中的主视图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
可以理解，本申请所使用的术语“第一”、“第二”等可在本文中用于描述各种元件，但这些元件不受这些术语限制。这些术语仅用于将第一个元件与另一个元件区分，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。
本申请一实施例的天线单元应用于电子设备，在一个实施例中，电子设备可以为包括手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、移动互联网设备(Mobile Internet Device，MID)、可穿戴设备(例如智能手表、智能手环、计步器等)或其他可设置天线单元的通信模块。可选地，天线单元可以是UWB标签天线，从而电子设备具有标签定位功能。
在本申请实施例中，如图1所示，电子设备10可包括显示屏组件110、壳体组件120和控制器。显示屏组件110固定于壳体组件120上，与壳体组件120一起形成电子设备的外部结构。壳体组件120可以包括中框和后盖。中框可以为具有通孔的框体结构。其中，中框可以收容在显示屏组件与后盖形成的收容空间中。后盖用于形成电子设备的外部轮廓。后盖可以一体成型。在后盖的成型过程中，可以在后盖上形成后置摄像头孔、指纹识别模组、天线单元安装孔等结构。其中，后盖可以为非金属后盖，例如，后盖可以为塑胶后盖、陶瓷后盖、3D玻璃后盖等。控制器能够控制电子设备的运行等。显示屏组件可用 来显示画面或字体，并能够为用户提供操作界面。
在一些实施例中，壳体组件120内集成有天线单元，天线单元能够透过壳体组件120发射和接收电磁波。
如图2所示，本申请实施例提供一种天线单元200，天线单元200包括介质基板210、接地层220、第一辐射臂230、第二辐射臂240、第一引向器、第二引向器及馈电结构(图2中仅示出一种实施例的介质基板210、接地层220、第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240)。
在本实施例中，介质基板210具有相背设置的第一侧和第二侧。第一侧可用于设置接地层220、第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240、第一引向器及第二引向器，第二侧可用于设置馈电结构，馈电结构通过介质基板210对接地层220进行馈电。在一些实施例中，介质基板210可以选用介电常数较低的材料，较低的介电常数有利于增加天线带宽。例如，介质基板210可以选用相对介电常数为4.3的FR-4板材。
在本实施例中，接地层220位于介质基板210的第一侧，接地层220的一侧边缘开设有缝隙开口300。
其中，缝隙开口300用于调节天线单元200的阻抗匹配，并通过馈电结构实现耦合馈电，并且，缝隙开口300还有利于实现容性加载，能够减少整个接地层210的尺寸，实现天线小型化，易于集成到各种电路板上，而无需进行过多的尺寸调整；接地层220用于作为天线单元200的接地面，其馈电通过电磁耦合实现，具体地，接地层220通过缝隙开口300获得馈电结构270的耦合馈电；同时接地层220用于作为天线单元200的反射器，将电磁波反射至第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240上，有利于进一步提高辐射的方向性。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，接地层220在介质基板210上的投影形状为带缝隙开口300的矩形状，缝隙开口300关于接地层220其中一长边的垂直中心线Z对称，从而接地层220在通过馈电结构耦合馈电后能够产生对称的辐射信号，有利于提高全向辐射特性。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，缝隙开口300包括连通的第一缝隙310和第二缝隙320，第一缝隙310位于边缘背离边界的一侧，第二缝隙320位于边缘靠近边界的一侧且延伸至边界上，第一缝隙310的尺寸大于第二缝隙320的尺寸。其中，第一缝隙310的尺寸大于第二缝隙320的尺寸且第一缝隙310位于接地层220边缘背离边界的一侧，因此第 一缝隙310起到谐振腔的作用，可以天线的阻抗匹配，阻抗匹配的目的是将天线等效阻抗调节为目标值；第二缝隙320延伸至边界上形成开放式缝隙，可以起到耦合的作用，影响电磁波的传输情况。其中，可选地，第一缝隙310为圆形缝隙，起到圆形谐振腔的作用；第二缝隙320为矩形缝隙，矩形缝隙朝背离圆形缝隙的方向延伸，并与馈电结构在接地层220上的部分投影区域重合，以使与馈电结构之间进行耦合馈电。圆形缝隙的直径为槽线波导波长的四分之一。
其中，接地层220的材料可以为导电材料，例如金属材料、合金材料、导电硅胶材料、石墨材料、氧化铟锡等，还可以为具有高介电常数的材料，例如具有高介电常数的玻璃、塑料、陶瓷等。
在本实施例中，第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240，分别位于介质基板210的第一侧，且分别与位于缝隙开口300两侧的接地层220连接，第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240构成的辐射开口(参见图2中的A区域)与缝隙开口300连通，且辐射开口的开口尺寸在背离接地层220的方向以第一渐变规律增大。
其中，第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240分别位于介质基板210的第一侧，与接地层220同层设置。第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240分别与位于缝隙开口300两侧的接地层220连接，第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240构成的辐射开口与缝隙开口300连通，当缝隙开口300与馈电结构通过耦合馈电时，接地层220获得馈电电流，并将电磁波反射至第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240，从而第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240分别引导从接地层220反射来的电磁波的辐射。可选地，缝隙开口300和辐射开口分别关于接地层220的中心线对称，第一辐射臂230与第二辐射臂240关于中心线对称，从而第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240对称地引导从接地层220反射来的电磁波的辐射，有利于辐射的对称性，提高方向图的对称性。
其中，第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240构成的辐射开口的开口尺寸在背离接地层220的方向以预设渐变规律增大，从而第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240上的馈电电流分布具有渐变性，有利于对提高反射曲线的平坦化，并且接地层220、第一辐射臂230、第二辐射臂240及馈电结构可以形成以维瓦尔第天线为基础的渐变天线单元，具有超宽带端射的特性。需要说明的是，辐射开口的开口宽度应不低于最低工作频率对应波长的一半， 第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240的臂长和臂宽可以根据实际需求进行调整，第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240的材料可以选用导电材料，进一步地，可以选用与接地层210相同的材料。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示(图4中仅示出一种实施例的介质基板210、接地层220、第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240，图4第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240以关于接地层210对称为示例)，第一辐射臂230包括多个第一连接段231(图4以两段为例)且多个第一连接段向背离第二辐射臂240且靠近接地层220的方向逐渐倾斜，第二辐射臂240包括多个第二连接段241(图4以两段为例且多个第二连接段分别向背离第一辐射臂230且靠近接地层220的方向逐渐倾斜。由于多个第一连接段231和多个第二连接段241分别朝相反方向逐渐倾斜，从而预设渐变规律为开口尺寸呈分段式增大的渐变规律，从而第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240上的馈电电流的分布具有渐变性，有利于反射曲线的平坦化。
其中，第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240的倾斜方向逐步趋向于垂直接地层220中心线的方向，从而开口尺寸呈分段式增大，且由于不同连接段的倾斜角度不同，因而同一连接段对应同一辐射开口区域内的开口尺寸的增大为逐步增大，不同连接段对应的不同辐射开口区域对应的开口尺寸之间的增大具有跳变点。可选地，当第一连接段231和第二连接段241的数量足够多时从而第一连接段231和第二连接段241足够短时，第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240也可以趋向于渐变弯曲，从而，预设渐变规律也可以趋向于指数曲线型增大。
其中，位于最靠近接地层220位置的第一连接段231和第二连接段241分别与缝隙开口300两侧的接地层220连接，第一辐射臂230的自由端和第二辐射臂240的自由端分别位于最背离接地层220位置的第一连接段231和第二连接段241上。可选地，位于最靠近接地层220位置的第一连接段231和第二连接段241可以分别平行于接地层220中心线。
在一些实施例中，预设渐变规律为开口尺寸呈指数曲线型增大的渐变规律；其中，如图5所示(图5中仅示出一种实施例的介质基板210、接地层220、第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240)，第一辐射臂230向背离第二辐射臂240且靠近接地层220的方向逐渐弯曲，第二辐射臂240向背离第一辐射臂230且靠近接地层220的方向逐渐弯曲。由于第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240分别朝相反方向逐渐弯曲，使开口尺寸朝背离接地层220的 方向逐渐增大，形成曲线式渐变增大的规律，从而第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240上的馈电电流的分布具有渐变性，有利于对提高反射曲线的平坦化。可选地，预设渐变规律为开口尺寸呈指数曲线型增大的渐变规律，从而第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240上的馈电电流的分布具有指数曲线渐变性，进一步提高反射曲线的平坦化。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240，除了上述实施例中的渐变规律，还可以为其他的渐变方式。申请人在付出创造性劳动的过程中发现，在第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240其他的渐变方式中还可以实现圆极化天线。
在本实施例中，第一引向器和第二引向器，分别位于介质基板210的第一侧，第一引向器与第一辐射臂230连接且用于引导第一辐射臂230收发电磁波信号的方向，第二引向器与第二辐射臂240连接且用于引导第二辐射臂240收发电磁波信号的方向。
其中，第一引向器和第二引向器分别位于介质基板210的第一侧，与接地层220、第一辐射臂230、第二辐射臂240同层设置。第一引向器和第二引向器均具有加强电磁波的定向辐射功能，通过第一引向器与第一辐射臂230连接，第二引向器与第二辐射臂240连接，可以加强第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240上电磁波的辐射方向，实现波束的偏转，当波束偏转角度增大后，位于后方的接地层210对波束的抑制效果减弱，提高天线单元辐射的方向性和增益，实现展宽波束的效果。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示(图6以第一引向臂和第二引向臂分别垂直于中心线的实施例为示例)，第一引向器包括：第一引向臂251，第一引向臂251的端部与第一辐射臂230的自由端连接且与第一辐射臂230在朝向接地层220的方向的夹角为小于180°的钝角；第二引向器包括：第二引向臂261，第二引向臂261的端部与第二辐射臂240的自由端连接且与第二辐射臂240在朝向接地层220的方向的夹角为小于180°的钝角。
其中，第一引向臂251的端部与第一辐射臂230的自由端连接，第二引向臂261的端部与第二辐射臂240的自由端连接，从而接地层220作为反射器，第一引向臂251和第二引向臂261作为与接地层220对应的一级引向器，使得天线单元在具备维瓦尔第天线辐射原理和辐射特性的基础上还具有八木天线的辐射原理和辐射特性。进一步地，由于第一引向臂251与第一辐射臂230在朝向接地层220的方向的夹角为小于180°的钝角，第二引向臂261与第二辐射臂240在朝向接地层220的方向的夹角为小于180°的钝角，从而可以加 强第一引向臂251与第一辐射臂230在朝向接地层220的方向的夹角为(90°-180°)范围内及第二引向臂261与第二辐射臂240在朝向接地层220的方向的夹角为(90°-180°)范围内的定向辐射，提高天线单元的增益。
其中，可选地，如图6所示，第一引向器和第二引向器关于接地层220的中心线对称，第一引向臂251和第二引向臂261分别垂直于中心线，从而第一引向臂251和第二引向臂261加强在H面上的定向辐射的方向，可以提高天线在H面上的增益。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示(图7以第一引向器和第二引向器关于接地层220的中心线对称，第三引向臂252和第四引向臂262分别平行于中心线的实施例为示例)，第一引向器还包括：第三引向臂252，位于第一辐射臂230靠近中心线的一侧上且沿背离接地层220的方向延伸；第二引向器还包括：第四引向臂262，位于第二辐射臂240靠近中心线的一侧上且沿背离接地层220的方向延伸。
其中，第三引向臂252位于第一辐射臂230靠近中心线一侧的渐变区域上，第四引向臂262位于第二辐射臂240靠近中心线一侧的渐变区域上，从而第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240分别作为反射器，第三引向臂252作为与第一辐射臂230对应的一级引向器，第四引向臂262作为与第二辐射臂240对应的一级引向器，使得天线单元在具备维瓦尔第天线辐射原理和辐射特性的基础上还具有八木天线的辐射原理和辐射特性。进一步地，由于第三引向臂252和第四引向臂262分别沿背离接地层220的方向延伸，因此第三引向臂252和第四引向臂262可以加强背离接地层220的方向的定向辐射，提高天线单元的增益。需要说明的是，第三引向臂252和第四引向臂262在第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240上的位置不受限定，只要第三引向臂252和第四引向臂262位于渐变区域且分别与第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240的自由端存在间距即可。
其中，可选地，如图7所示，第一引向器和第二引向器关于接地层220的中心线对称，第三引向臂252和第四引向臂262分别平行于中心线。从而，第三引向臂252和第四引向臂262可以加强在E面上的定向辐射的方向，可以提高天线在E面上的增益。可选地，第三引向臂252和第四引向臂262可以为具有弯折形状的引向臂，第三引向臂252包括相互连接的第一连接部410和第一引向部420，第四引向臂262包括相互连接的第二连接部430和第二引向部，第一连接部410连接第一辐射臂230，第二连接部430连接第二辐射臂240， 第一引向部420和第二引向部平行，从而使第一引向部420和第二引向部440位于靠近接地层210中心线的位置上，进一步加强在E面上的定向辐射的方向，可以提高天线在E面上的增益，同时弯折形状的引向臂不仅可以调控波束偏转角度，还可以缩小整体天线尺寸和提高天线增益。
在一些实施例中，如图8所示(图8以图6和图7的示例为结合基础)第一引向器250包括第一引向臂251和第三引向臂252；第二引向器260包括第二引向臂261和第四引向臂262，从而第一引向器250和第二引向器260可以同时加强多个方向上的定向辐射，实现全向辐射，例如可以同时加强在H面和E面上的定向辐射的方向，可以提高天线在H面和E面上的增益。
在本实施例中，馈电结构位于介质基板的第二侧，用于向缝隙开口300耦合馈电。馈电结构用于负载宽带匹配，具有巴伦的作用，通过缝隙开口300对接地层210实现耦合馈电。
在一些实施例中，如图9所示，馈电结构270包括：第一微带馈线271、扇形微带贴片272及第二微带馈线273。
其中，第一微带馈线271位于介质基板210的第二侧，第一微带馈线271在接地层220上的投影区域位于缝隙开口300的一侧，第一微带馈线271具有巴伦作用，可以提高天线的阻抗带宽。可选地，在缝隙开口300往辐射开口的辐射方向上，第一微带馈线271的尺寸与接地层220的尺寸相等。可选地，在垂直于辐射方向的方向上，第一微带馈线271的宽度朝背离接地层220的方向逐渐变小，从而第一微带馈线271起到渐变巴伦的作用，实现指数渐变槽线与平行双线之间的较好过渡，提高了天线的阻抗带宽。
其中，扇形微带贴片272位于介质基板210的第二侧且位于缝隙开口300背离第一微带馈线271的一侧，扇形微带贴片272在接地层220上的投影区域部分外露于接地层220，从而扇形微带贴片272起到阻抗匹配的作用。需要说明的是，扇形微带贴片272半径可以为中心频率对应波长的四分之一。
其中，第二微带馈线273连接在第一微带馈线271和扇形微带贴片272之间，第二微带馈线273在接地层220上的投影区域位于接地层220的边缘位置且投影区域与缝隙开口300有部分重叠。具体地，第二微带馈线273与缝隙开口300中具有部分重叠的第二缝隙 320之间起到相互耦合传输电磁波的作用。
作为一个实施例的天线单元200(参见图10和图11，图10以图8的实施例为示例，图11以图9的实施例为示例，为了使参数标识较为清楚明了，图中省略了各个结构的附图标号，具体附图标号请参见前述对应实施例)：
参数如下：以长L0＝20mm，宽W0＝16.9mm，厚度1.2mm的FR4板材作为介质基板210。位于介质基板上结构的表面参数为：W1＝0.5mm，W2＝2.75mm，W3＝0.5mm，W4＝2.7mm，L1＝9.7mm，L2＝0.64mm，L3＝0.5mm，L4＝0.9mm，L5＝1.88mm，L6＝2.12mm，M1＝5.55mm，M2＝3mm，M3＝2.6mm，Ф＝3.2mm；位于介质基板上结构的表面参数为：P1＝5.9mm，P2＝1.82mm，P3＝3.74mm，P4＝2.5mm，P5＝6.94mm，P6＝0.5mm，P7＝9.7mm，α＝84.1°，β＝80°。
其中，利用三维电磁仿真软件CST对本技术方案进行仿真分析得知，如图12所示，以-10dB为标准，该天线单元200的频带为5.9GHz～8GHz，带宽可达2GHz。在整个频带内天线单元的辐射效率都比较高，其中，6.5GHz和8GHz分别为超宽带系统的两个典型频点，天线在这两个频点处的远场辐射增益都比较高，如图13和图14所示，本实施例的天线单元为端射型，亦可覆盖大的角度范围，可近似为全向辐射。本实施例的天线单元，融合了维瓦尔第天线和八木天线的特性，能够在有限的尺寸内实现了超宽带、高增益、全向的特性，而且其性能受地面积影响较小，易于集成到各种电路板上，而无需进行过多的尺寸调整。
需要说明的是，本实施例中接地层220、第一辐射臂230、第二辐射臂240、第一引向器250及第二引向器260均可关于接地层220的中心线对称设置(图1-图11中以此为示例，图中Z为中心线)，从而提高天线单元200辐射的对称性，有利于改善方向图的对称性。
需要说明的是，接地层220、第一辐射臂230、第二辐射臂240、第一引向器250及第二引向器260的材料可以相同，例如均为相同材料的金属片，从而，可以直接在介质基板上表面形成金属片，对金属片进行图案化处理以获得接地层220、第一辐射臂230、第二辐射臂240、第一引向器250及第二引向器260。
本实施例提供的天线单元200，包括介质基板210、接地层220、第一辐射臂230、第 二辐射臂240、第一引向器250、第二引向器260及馈电结构270。其中，通过接地层210将馈电结构270馈电耦合获得的电磁波反射至第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240上，有利于进一步提高辐射的方向性，且通过第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240构成的具有渐变规律的辐射开口，可以实现超宽带的辐射特性且有利于反射曲线的平坦化；此外，通过第一引向器250引导第一辐射臂230收发电磁波信号的方向，第二引向器260引导第二辐射臂240收发电磁波信号的方向，可以提高天线单元200辐射的方向性和增益，实现展宽波束的效果。
图15示出了一实施例中的天线单元200的结构示意图。
在本实施例中，天线单元200包括介质基板210、接地层220、第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240、第一引向器250、第二引向器260及馈电结构270，还包括第三引向器280(图15是以图8的实施例为基础的一种示例)。
其中，介质基板210、接地层220、第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240、第一引向器250、第二引向器260及馈电结构270参见上述实施例中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。
在本实施例中，第三引向器280位于介质基板210的第一侧且位于辐射开口背离接地层220的一侧，用于引导天线单元200的电磁波信号定向辐射，从而改善天线表面的电场分布，将电场更好地引导在天线单元的预设辐射方向上，提高天线单元的定向辐射特性和增益。
可选地，第三引向器280在介质基板上的投影形状为矩形状(图15以矩形状为示例)或V形状，其中，V形状的开口方向朝背离接地层220的方向。由此将电场更好地引导在天线的主轴辐射方向上，提高主轴辐射方向的辐射性能和增益。
在一些实施例中，如图16所示(图16以第三引向器280为矩形状为例)，第三引向器280的数量为多个，多个第三引向器280平行间隔设置，从而可以进一步提高天线单元的定向辐射特性和增益。其中，多个第三引向器280的的间距影响方向图特性和阻抗特性，间距取值大时，天线增益增高，间距取值小时，天线频带特性好，具体可根据实际需要设置；第三引向器280的个数影响增益和波瓣宽度，个数具体可根据实际需要设置。
在一些实施例中，多个第三引向器280的长度相等，或者多个第三引向器280的长度往接地层220的方向逐渐增大。其中，当第三引向器280的长度逐渐增大时有利于谐振频 点减小，改善阻抗匹配。
需要说明的是，第三引向器280的具体位置不受限定，位于辐射开口背离接地层220的一侧即可，并且，当第三引向器280靠近第一辐射臂和第二辐射臂时，可以与获得与第一辐射臂和第二辐射臂更好的耦合能力。
需要说明的是，本实施例中接地层220、第一辐射臂230、第二辐射臂240、第一引向器250、第二引向器260及第三引向器280均可关于接地层220的中心线对称设置(图15和图16中以此为示例，图中Z为中心线)，从而提高天线单元200辐射的对称性，有利于改善方向图的对称性。
需要说明的是，接地层220、第一辐射臂230、第二辐射臂240、第一引向器250、第二引向器260及第三引向器280的材料可以相同，例如均为相同材料的金属片，从而，可以直接在介质基板上表面形成金属片，对金属片进行图案化处理以获得接地层220、第一辐射臂230、第二辐射臂240、第一引向器250、第二引向器260及第三引向器280。
本实施例提供的天线单元200，包括介质基板、接地层、第一辐射臂、第二辐射臂、第一引向器250、第二引向器260、第三引向器280及馈电结构270。其中，通过接地层220将馈电结构270馈电耦合获得的电磁波反射至第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240上，有利于进一步提高辐射的方向性，且通过第一辐射臂230和第二辐射臂240构成的具有渐变规律的辐射开口，可以实现超宽带的辐射特性且有利于反射曲线的平坦化；此外，通过第一引向器250引导第一辐射臂230收发电磁波信号的方向，第二引向器260引导第二辐射臂240收发电磁波信号的方向，通过第三引向器280引导引导天线单元200的电磁波信号定向辐射，可以提高天线单元辐射的方向性和增益，实现展宽波束的效果。
如图17所示，一种电子设备包括壳体及上述任一实施例中的天线单元200，其中，天线单元200收容在壳体内。
在一实施例中，电子设备包括多个天线单元200，多个天线单元200分布于壳体的不同侧边。例如，壳体包括相背设置的第一侧边121、第三侧边123，以及相背设置的第二侧边122和第四侧边124，第二侧边122连接第一侧边121、第三侧边123的一端，第四侧边124连接第一侧边121、第三侧边123的另一端。第一侧边121、第二侧边122、第三侧边123和第四侧边124中的至少两个分别设有天线单元200。天线单元200的数量为 2个时，2个天线单元200分别位于第二侧边122、第四侧边124，从而使得天线单元200在非扫描方向的维度上缩小整体尺寸，使得放置于电子设备的两侧成为可能。
具有上述任一实施例的天线单元200的电子设备，提高射效率和辐射增益，拓展阻抗带宽，同时有效降低天线剖面，实现天线模组的薄型化，缩小天线模组在电子设备内的占用空间。
该电子设备可以为包括手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、移动互联网设备(Mobile Internet Device，MID)、可穿戴设备(例如智能手表、智能手环、计步器等)或其他可设置天线的通信模块。
本申请所使用的对存储器、存储、数据库或其它介质的任何引用可包括非易失性和/或易失性存储器。合适的非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可包括随机存取存储器(RM)，它用作外部高速缓冲存储器。作为说明而非局限，RM以多种形式可得，诸如静态RM(SRM)、动态RM(DRM)、同步DRM(SDRM)、双数据率SDRM(DDR SDRM)、增强型SDRM(ESDRM)、同步链路(Synchlink)DRM(SLDRM)、存储器总线(Rmbus)直接RM(RDRM)、直接存储器总线动态RM(DRDRM)、以及存储器总线动态RM(RDRM)。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种天线单元，包括：
    介质基板，具有相背设置的第一侧和第二侧；
    接地层，位于所述介质基板的所述第一侧，所述接地层的一侧边缘开设有缝隙开口；
    第一辐射臂和第二辐射臂，分别位于所述介质基板的所述第一侧，且分别与位于所述缝隙开口两侧的所述接地层连接，所述第一辐射臂和所述第二辐射臂构成的辐射开口与所述缝隙开口连通，且所述辐射开口的开口尺寸在背离所述接地层的方向以预设渐变规律增大；
    第一引向器和第二引向器，分别位于所述介质基板的所述第一侧，所述第一引向器与所述第一辐射臂连接且用于引导所述第一辐射臂收发电磁波信号的方向，所述第二引向器与所述第二辐射臂连接且用于引导所述第二辐射臂收发电磁波信号的方向；
    馈电结构，位于所述介质基板的所述第二侧，用于向所述缝隙开口耦合馈电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中所述第一辐射臂包括多个第一连接段且多个所述第一连接段向背离所述第二辐射臂且靠近所述接地层的方向逐渐倾斜，所述第二辐射臂包括多个第二连接段且多个所述第二连接段分别向背离所述第一辐射臂且靠近所述接地层的方向逐渐倾斜。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线单元，其中所述预设渐变规律为所述开口尺寸呈分段式增大的渐变规律。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中所述第一辐射臂向背离所述第二辐射臂且靠近所述接地层的方向逐渐弯曲，所述第二辐射臂向背离所述第一辐射臂且靠近所述接地层的方向逐渐弯曲。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线单元，其中所述预设渐变规律为所述开口尺寸呈指数曲线型增大的渐变规律。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中所述缝隙开口和所述辐射开口分别关于所述接地层的中心线对称，所述第一辐射臂与所述第二辐射臂关于所述中心线对称。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中所述第一引向器包括：
    第一引向臂，所述第一引向臂的端部与所述第一辐射臂的自由端连接且与所述第一辐 射臂在朝向所述接地层的方向的夹角为小于180°的钝角；
    所述第二引向器包括：
    第二引向臂，所述第二引向臂的端部与所述第二辐射臂的自由端连接且与所述第二辐射臂在朝向所述接地层的方向的夹角为小于180°的钝角。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线单元，其中所述第一引向器和所述第二引向器关于所述接地层的中心线对称，所述第一引向臂和所述第二引向臂分别垂直于所述中心线。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中所述第一引向器还包括：
    第三引向臂，位于所述第一辐射臂靠近所述第二辐射臂的一侧上且沿背离所述接地层的方向延伸；
    所述第二引向器还包括：
    第四引向臂，位于所述第二辐射臂靠近所述第一辐射臂的一侧上且沿背离所述接地层的方向延伸。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线单元，其中所述第一引向器和所述第二引向器关于所述接地层的中心线对称，所述第三引向臂和所述第四引向臂分别平行于所述中心线。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的天线单元，其中所述第三引向臂包括相互连接的第一连接部和第一引向部，所述第四引向臂包括相互连接的第二连接部和第二引向部，所述第一连接部连接所述第一辐射臂，所述第二连接部连接所述第二辐射臂，所述第一引向部和所述第二引向部平行。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中还包括：
    第三引向器，位于所述介质基板的所述第一侧且位于所述辐射开口背离所述接地层的一侧，用于引导所述天线单元的电磁波信号定向辐射。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的天线单元，其中所述第三引向器在所述介质基板上的投影形状为矩形状或V形状，其中，所述V形状的开口方向朝背离所述接地层的方向。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的天线单元，其中所述第三引向器的数量为多个，多个所述第三引向器平行间隔设置。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的天线单元，其中多个所述第三引向器的长度相等，或者多个所述引向器的长度往所述接地层的方向逐渐增大。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中所述缝隙开口包括相互连通的第一缝隙和第二缝隙，所述第一缝隙位于所述边缘背离边界的一侧，所述第二缝隙位于所述边缘靠近所述边界的一侧且延伸至所述边界上，所述第一缝隙的尺寸大于所述第二缝隙的尺寸。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的天线单元，其中所第一缝隙为圆形缝隙，所述第二缝隙为矩形缝隙，所述矩形缝隙朝所述辐射开口方向延伸。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中所述馈电结构包括：
    第一微带馈线，位于所述介质基板的所述第二侧，所述第一微带馈线在所述接地层上的投影区域位于所述缝隙开口的一侧；
    扇形微带贴片，位于所述介质基板的所述第二侧且位于所述缝隙开口背离所述第一微带馈线的一侧，所述扇形微带贴片在所述接地层上的投影区域部分外露于所述接地层；
    第二微带馈线，连接在所述第一微带馈线和所述扇形微带贴片之间，所述第二微带馈线在所述接地层上的投影区域位于所述接地层的边缘位置且所述投影区域与所述缝隙开口有部分重叠。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的天线单元，其中在所述缝隙开口往所述辐射开口的辐射方向上，所述第一微带馈线的尺寸与所述接地层的尺寸相等；
    在垂直于所述辐射方向的方向上，所述第一微带馈线的宽度朝背离所述接地层的方向逐渐变小。
  20. 一种电子设备，包括：
    壳体；及
    如权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中，所述天线单元收容在所述壳体内。
PCT/CN2022/092994 2021-07-09 2022-05-16 天线单元和电子设备 WO2023279852A1 (zh)

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