WO2023277459A1 - Procédé de criblage d'agent thérapeutique pour maladies cérébrales - Google Patents

Procédé de criblage d'agent thérapeutique pour maladies cérébrales Download PDF

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WO2023277459A1
WO2023277459A1 PCT/KR2022/009030 KR2022009030W WO2023277459A1 WO 2023277459 A1 WO2023277459 A1 WO 2023277459A1 KR 2022009030 W KR2022009030 W KR 2022009030W WO 2023277459 A1 WO2023277459 A1 WO 2023277459A1
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disease
polarization
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brain
brain disease
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주성수
장수길
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주식회사 휴사이온
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
    • G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
    • G01N33/5058—Neurological cells
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/136—Screening for pharmacological compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/158—Expression markers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for screening therapeutic agents for brain diseases.
  • Degenerative brain diseases refer to diseases that occur in the brain among degenerative diseases that occur with aging, and include vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and the like.
  • Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia account for 90% of all dementia patients, but only drugs that help improve symptoms such as behavior, cognition, and memory improvement are used for treatment, despite ongoing research and development. Therefore, until recently, the development of the therapeutic agent has been actively progressed worldwide, but there is no visible result.
  • a common pathological phenomenon of degenerative brain diseases is the death of central nerve cells. Unlike cells of other organs, once cells die, central nerve cells are almost impossible to regenerate, resulting in permanent functional loss.
  • beta-amyloid inhibitors developed by large pharmaceutical companies have failed, the cholinergic hypothesis is emerging instead of beta-amyloid.
  • Alzheimer's disease has pathological characteristics of amyloid plaques in which beta-amyloid is deposited outside brain neurons and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurons, which cause cognitive decline And it is known to cause the death of brain nerve cells.
  • various hypotheses for the development of treatments for degenerative brain diseases are being studied.
  • Korean Registered Patent No. 10-2049199 discloses that the FAF1 protein, reported to induce neuronal cell death, is secreted through exocytosis in the form contained in exosomes and can induce the death of other cells. Disclosed is a method for screening a substance that inhibits the extracellular secretion of FAF1 protein as a therapeutic agent for degenerative brain diseases.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for screening a therapeutic agent for brain disease.
  • the present invention is a brain disease treatment screening method comprising the step of treating any one or more cells selected from the group consisting of neurons and glial cells with a candidate substance and selecting a substance that promotes M2 polarization to provide.
  • a ⁇ by Rg3 which is known to have a therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease, promotes M2 polarization in microglia or neuroblastoma, suppresses M1 polarization, promotes NF- ⁇ B signaling pathway, and increases SRA protein expression
  • the screening method according to the present invention which is based on suppressing soluble APP ⁇ processing in nerve cells through inhibition of soluble APP ⁇ production and A ⁇ 42 production by increasing the expression of ADAM10 protein, can be usefully used for screening brain disease therapeutics. .
  • 1 is a graph showing the result of confirming Rg3 separated in one embodiment of the present invention by HPLC analysis method.
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the results of establishing conditions for inducing M1 or M2 polarization in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of confirming that M1 polarization is inhibited by Rg3 in microglial cells in which M1 polarization is induced in one embodiment of the present invention through changes in iNOS, IL-6, or TNF ⁇ gene expression.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the results of confirming through changes in Arg1, IL-10 or SRA gene expression that M2 polarization is promoted by Rg3 in microglial cells in which M2 polarization is induced in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results confirming that the production of A ⁇ is inhibited by Rg3 treatment in N2a neuroblastoma producing A ⁇ 42.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the increase in ADAM10 gene expression by Rg3 treatment in A ⁇ 42-producing N2a neuroblastoma.
  • Figure 7 is a graph confirming that the NF- ⁇ B signaling pathway is increased by the treatment of Rg3 in cells containing a reporter system expressed by NF- ⁇ B induction in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a diagram showing the result of confirming that the expression of SRA protein is increased by Rg3 in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the result of confirming that the expression of ADAM10 protein is increased by Rg3 in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for screening a therapeutic agent for brain disease, comprising the steps of treating one or more cells selected from the group consisting of neurons and glial cells with a candidate substance and selecting a substance that promotes M2 polarization.
  • the term 'neuron' or 'neuroglia' refers to cells constituting the nervous system.
  • the nerve cells express ion channels such as sodium channels and calcium channels to transmit signals in an electrical manner unlike other cells, and to exchange chemical signals with other adjacent nerve cells through a structure called synapse.
  • the glial cells help neurons to perform their own functions, and help and protect the function of neurons.
  • glial cells can play an important role in restoring brain tissue when it is damaged.
  • the nerve cells or glial cells may include all types of nerve cells known in the art.
  • the nerve cells or glial cells may be at least one selected from the group consisting of microglia differentiated from neuroblastoma and macrophage precursor cells.
  • M2 polarization may be induced in the neurons or glial cells.
  • the term 'polarization' generally refers to a process by which macrophages are differentiated, and may be classified into M1 polarization or M2 polarization depending on differentiation mediators.
  • the M1 polarization is changed into a cell that recognizes and removes foreign organisms, bacteria, viruses, etc., and M1 polarization may be progressed by IFN ⁇ or LPS.
  • M1 polarized cells can produce and secrete inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF ⁇ to directly remove foreign substances, promote the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-23, It can induce an innate immune response.
  • M2 polarization is induced by IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, and can express various receptors such as scavenger receptors and cytokine receptors related to anti-inflammatory action.
  • Arg1 whose expression is increased in M2 polarized cells, can act to suppress excessively activated immune responses or maintain homeostasis.
  • the screening method according to the present invention can select substances that promote M2 polarization as therapeutic agents for brain diseases.
  • promotion of M2 polarization can be confirmed by measuring the expression level of a marker gene or protein of M2 polarization known in the art.
  • the M2 polarization promotion is CD206, Arg1 (arginase 1), IL-10 (interleukin-10), SRA (scavenger receptor type A), Fizz1 (resistin-like- ⁇ ) and Ym1 (chitinase 3-like 3) It may be to increase the expression level of one or more marker genes or proteins selected from the group consisting of. In this case, the marker gene or protein may be increased compared to neurons that are not treated with anything.
  • the screening method according to the present invention may further include a step of selecting a substance that inhibits M1 polarization.
  • the inhibition of M1 polarization can be confirmed by measuring the expression level of a marker gene or protein of M1 polarization known in the art.
  • the M1 polarization inhibition is one selected from the group consisting of CD86, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor ⁇ (TNF ⁇ ) It may be to reduce the expression level of the abnormal marker gene or protein. In this case, the marker gene or protein may be decreased compared to neurons that are not treated with anything.
  • the expression level of the marker gene or protein can be measured using any method known in the art.
  • the expression level of the marker gene is determined by polymerase reaction (PCR), reverse transcription polymerase reaction (RT-PCR), competitive reverse transcription polymerase reaction (competitive RT-PCR), real-time reverse transcription polymerase reaction (real-time RT-PCT) ), RNase protection assay (RPA), northern blotting, and DNA microarray analysis.
  • the expression level of the marker protein is measured by western blotting, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay, radioimmunodiffusion, ouchterlony immunodiffusion method, rocket (rocket) immunoelectrophoresis, tissue immunostaining, immunoprecipitation assay, complete fixation assay, flow cytometry (fluorescence activated cell sorter, FACS) and protein chip assay can be measured
  • the candidate substance is an unknown substance expected to promote M2 polarization, and may include a compound, protein, extract, and the like.
  • the screening method according to the present invention may further include the step of selecting a substance that promotes the expression of any one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of SRA and ADAM10.
  • SRA scavenger receptor type A
  • SRA protein is one of the scavenger receptors, which are cell surface receptor proteins, and binds to and removes modified LDL.
  • the SRA protein is a type 2 membrane protein having a molecular weight of about 220 to 250 kDa and uses a collagen-like domain for ligand binding.
  • the SRA protein preferentially binds modified LDL, but may include amyloid- ⁇ , heat shock protein, surface molecules of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, HCV virus, and the like as ligands.
  • 'ADAM10 a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10
  • CDw156 a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10
  • ADAM10 protein in neurons exhibits ⁇ -secretase activity for proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP).
  • APP amyloid precursor protein
  • the brain disease may include all types of brain diseases known in the art, and specifically, the brain disease may be a degenerative brain disease or a neuroinflammatory brain disease.
  • the brain disease may be a disease in which the expression or aggregation level of amyloid- ⁇ is higher than normal or at risk of being higher.
  • the brain diseases include dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, mild cognitive impairment, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Down's syndrome, amyloidogenic stroke, systemic amyloidosis, Dutch-type amyloidosis, Niemann-Pick disease, senile Dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinocerebellar atrophy, Tourette's syndrome, Friedrich's Ataxia, Machado-Joseph's disease, Lewy bodies dementia, dystonia, progressive supranuclear palsy, frontotemporal dementia, multiple sclerosis, neuroblastoma, ischemic stroke, Lou Gehrig's disease or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
  • Ginsenoside Rg3 was isolated from ginseng berries by a conventional method.
  • the isolated ginsenoside Rg3 was confirmed by performing HPLC in a conventional manner, and was suspended in 10% DMSO at a concentration of 10 mg/ml and stored at 4°C until use in experiments.
  • Rg3 which is known to have a therapeutic effect on degenerative brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, is involved in polarization of microglia and changes the expression of scavenger receptor type A (SRA), which is well known as a ⁇ -amyloid cell surface receptor, was confirmed by the following method.
  • SRA scavenger receptor type A
  • Microglial HMO6 cell line for use in the experiment was treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, and M1 or M2 polarization was confirmed through the expression levels of CD86 and CD206 genes, which are marker genes.
  • the HMO6 cell line (Chungang University, Seoul) was prepared by culturing in DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) culture medium containing 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin did At this time, the culture was performed under conditions of 37° C. and 5% CO 2 , so that more than 90% of the total culture dish was cultured so as not to exceed 20 passages. In addition, the culture medium was replaced once every 2 to 3 days. The prepared HMO6 cell line was collected and aliquoted to a poly-L-lysine-coated 35 mm culture dish in an amount of 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells.
  • qPCR was performed using the synthesized cDNA as a template and the forward and reverse primers for the CD86 and CD206 genes listed in Table 1 below. (Bioline, UK). At this time, the reaction was 10 ⁇ l of 2 ⁇ enzyme mastermix, 7 ⁇ l of RNase free water, 1 ⁇ l of forward and reverse primers (10 pM) and 1 ⁇ l of template prepared to include. The qPCR conditions were performed as described in Table 2 below, and melting curve analysis was used to confirm the expected shape of the PCR product.
  • the obtained PCR products were confirmed by electrophoresis using a 1.2% agarose gel, and an inter-run calibrator was used. In addition, a standard curve was used to obtain the PCR efficiency for each gene.
  • the relative expression level of the gene was calculated using Rotor-Gene 6000 series software 1.7. The result was calculated as a fold based on the expression level of the ⁇ -actin gene. At this time, as a control, cells that were not treated with anything were used, and the calculation results obtained as a result are shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the marker CD86 an index of M1 polarization
  • the marker C206 an index of M2 polarization
  • IL-4 an index of M2 polarization
  • the effect of Rg3 on the M1 or M2 polarization of microglia was determined by the expression of iNOS, IL-6, TNF- ⁇ , Arg1, IL-10 or SRA gene by Rg3 treated in microglia induced M1 or M2 polarization. confirmed through change.
  • M1 polarization was induced by treatment with 100 ng/ml of LPS and 20 ng/ml of IFN- ⁇
  • M2 polarization was induced by treatment with 20 ng/ml of IL-4 and 5 ⁇ g/ml of Rg3. Together, the HMO6 cell line was prepared.
  • Rg3 not only inhibits M1 polarization and promotes M2 polarization of microglia, but also significantly increases the expression of SRA, thereby exhibiting therapeutic effects on degenerative brain diseases such as Alzheimer's.
  • a ⁇ 42 known as a major pathogenesis of degenerative brain diseases such as Alzheimer's
  • N2a neuroblastoma cell line (KCTC, Korea) was cultured and prepared in the same manner as the HMO6 cell line.
  • N2a neuroblastoma (hereinafter referred to as 'APPswe cells') overproducing A ⁇ 42 from APP (amyloid precursor protein) was prepared by transforming N2a cells with a plasmid containing the human APPswe gene by a conventional method.
  • transformation was carried out according to the manufacturer's protocol using a plasmid containing 1.5 ⁇ g of human APPswe gene and PolyFect® transformation reagent (Qiagen, USA) in the N2a cell line dispensed so as to be 1 ⁇ 10 5 per well in a 6-well plate.
  • was performed according to Transformed cells were selected by culturing in a medium containing G418.
  • APPswe cells overproducing selected A ⁇ 42 were induced to undergo M1 polarization by the same method as described in Example 2-2, and were then treated with Rg3.
  • a ⁇ 42 was confirmed in Rg3-treated cells by Western blotting.
  • a wild-type N2a neuroblastoma cell line that does not contain the APPswe gene was used.
  • the cells treated with Rg3 were lysed with 1% RIPA buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors, and 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed.
  • a PVDF membrane After transferring the protein developed on the gel to a PVDF membrane, it was pretreated with a TBS solution containing 5% skim milk and 0.1% Tween-20.
  • the pretreated PVDF membrane was reacted with anti-A ⁇ 42 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, USA) or anti- ⁇ -actin antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), and then treated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibody.
  • the antibody-treated PVDF membrane was developed on a film with an ECL solution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), and the results are shown in FIG. 5 .
  • ADAM10 a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10
  • the expression of the ADAM10 gene in the APPswe cell line of Example 3 was confirmed by qPCR.
  • the experiment was performed under the same conditions and methods as in Example 2-1, except that primers for the ADAM10 gene were used, and the results are shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the expression of the ADAM10 gene was significantly increased in Rg3-treated cells. Accordingly, it was found that Rg3 promotes the production of soluble APP ⁇ from APP by increasing the production of ⁇ -secretase expressed by the ADAM10 gene, and inhibits the production of A ⁇ 42.
  • the THP-1 monocytic cell line (InvivoGen, USA) into which the NF- ⁇ B-inducible LuciaTM reporter gene was inserted was cultured in the same manner as described above, and then dispensed into a 96-well plate at 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells per well. After 2 hours, they were treated with 1 ⁇ g/ml of LPS and Rg3, further cultured for 6 hours, and the cell culture medium was taken and dispensed into each well of a 96-well plate by 20 ⁇ l.
  • QUANTI-LucTM assay solution (InvivoGen, USA) was added thereto, and luciferase activity was measured using a luminometer. At this time, cells treated with only LPS and cells transfected with an empty plasmid containing no luciferase reporter were used as controls. As a result, the measured activity of luciferase is shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the HMO6 cell line was prepared as described above, and then seeded in a 4-well plate at 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells per well, and treated with IL-4 to induce M2 polarization. 5 ⁇ g/ml of Rg3 was added thereto and incubated for 48 hours. After the incubation, the cells were fixed in PBS buffer containing 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes, and washed twice with PBS buffer containing 100 mM glycerol. The washed cells were put into a PBS solution containing 0.1% Triton X-100 and allowed to react at room temperature for 30 minutes, and pretreated for 30 minutes at room temperature by adding 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA).
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • the cells were reacted for 2 hours at room temperature with a PBST solution containing 1:200 diluted anti-SRA or anti-ADAM10 primary antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) and 1% BSA.
  • Cells were washed three times with PBS buffer, and anti-mouse IgG antibody conjugated with FITC or Alexa Fluor® 555 was added diluted 1:200 in PBST solution containing 1% BSA, followed by 1 hour reacted while After the reaction, the cells were washed with PBS buffer, treated with Hoechst 33342 (Hoechst 33342) or PI (propidium iodide), reacted for 10 minutes at room temperature, and washed twice with PBS buffer. The stained cells were observed at a magnification of 600 using an inverted fluorescent microscope system (Eclipse Ti-S, Nikon, Japan), and the results are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 .
  • Rg3 increased the expression of SRA protein even when polarization was not induced (M0).
  • Rg3 promotes M2 polarization and subsequently suppresses the accumulation of A ⁇ by increasing the expression of the SRA protein, as well as inhibits the production of soluble APP ⁇ and A ⁇ 42 by increasing the expression of the ADAM10 protein, thereby inhibiting the production of soluble APP ⁇ in neurons. processing was found to be suppressed.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de criblage d'un agent thérapeutique pour des maladies cérébrales. Plus particulièrement, le procédé de criblage selon la présente invention peut être utile pour cribler un agent thérapeutique pour les maladies cérébrales. Le procédé de criblage est basé sur le fait que Rg3, connu pour avoir un effet thérapeutique contre la maladie d'Alzheimer, favorise les mécanismes de signalisation NF-κB tout en promouvant la polarisation M2 et en supprimant la polarisation M1, supprime l'accumulation d'Aβ en augmentant l'expression de la protéine SRA, et supprime la transformation de l'APPα hydrosoluble dans les cellules neurales par la génération d'APPα hydrosoluble et la suppression de la génération d'Aβ42 en augmentant l'expression de la protéine ADAM10 dans la microglie ou le neuroblastome.
PCT/KR2022/009030 2021-06-29 2022-06-24 Procédé de criblage d'agent thérapeutique pour maladies cérébrales WO2023277459A1 (fr)

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