WO2023273285A1 - 一种转向架 - Google Patents

一种转向架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023273285A1
WO2023273285A1 PCT/CN2022/070216 CN2022070216W WO2023273285A1 WO 2023273285 A1 WO2023273285 A1 WO 2023273285A1 CN 2022070216 W CN2022070216 W CN 2022070216W WO 2023273285 A1 WO2023273285 A1 WO 2023273285A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bogie
side wall
wall surface
longitudinal
support
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/070216
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马利军
张振先
杨伟东
公衍军
邹晓龙
李英明
杨东晓
曹洪勇
李志龙
尹浩
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority to JP2023558263A priority Critical patent/JP2024509631A/ja
Priority to EP22831122.1A priority patent/EP4365055A1/en
Publication of WO2023273285A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023273285A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/22—Guiding of the vehicle underframes with respect to the bogies
    • B61F5/24—Means for damping or minimising the canting, skewing, pitching, or plunging movements of the underframes

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, in particular to a bogie.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a bogie with a relatively small wheelbase, which can improve the ability to pass through small curves, thereby reducing wheel rim wear, prolonging the turning period, and saving costs.
  • the present application provides a bogie, which includes a hinge mechanism and two side beams extending longitudinally and spaced apart in the transverse direction, and two transverse beams spaced apart in the longitudinal direction are connected between the two side beams
  • the beam includes a middle section and edge sections located on both sides of the middle section, a longitudinal beam is connected between the ends of the two middle sections located on the same lateral side, and the hinge mechanism is installed on the two longitudinal beams, At least portions of the edge segments taper inwardly from a direction transversely away from the intermediate segment.
  • the longitudinal distance between the two middle sections is relatively large, which can make space for the installation of the hinge mechanism, and at least part of the two edge sections can gradually incline inward along the direction away from the middle section in the transverse direction, and can also be used for
  • the space provided by the braking mechanism is beneficial to reduce the wheelbase of the bogie, so as to enhance the ability to pass through small curves, thereby reducing wheel flange wear, prolonging the turning period, and saving costs.
  • the vertical dimension of the joint between the middle section and the edge section is smaller than the vertical dimension of the joint between the side beam and the edge section, and at least part of the vertical dimension of the edge section is along the lateral direction The direction away from the middle section gradually decreases.
  • the edge section is a box beam structure
  • the middle section is a round tube beam structure.
  • each of the side beams is provided with two sets of air spring assemblies spaced along the longitudinal direction, each set of air spring assemblies includes at least one air spring, and each of the air springs is arranged in series.
  • each of the air springs is provided with a damping hole, and the bogie is not provided with a vertical shock absorber.
  • the hinge mechanism includes a first hinge seat and a second hinge seat
  • the first hinge seat includes two support bodies arranged at intervals in the transverse direction
  • the support bodies are provided with a support groove with an upward opening
  • the At least part of the longitudinal dimension of the support groove is gradually reduced from top to bottom
  • the second hinged seat is used to install the mandrel
  • the two axial ends of the mandrel form a support part
  • at least part of the longitudinal dimension of the support part The size gradually decreases from top to bottom.
  • at least part of the longitudinal wall surface of the portion where the longitudinal dimension of the support portion gradually decreases can be at least partially in line with at least part of the groove side wall of the portion where the longitudinal dimension of the support groove gradually decreases. touch.
  • the longitudinal dimension of at least the lower end of the support part gradually decreases from top to bottom, including two wedge-shaped surfaces oppositely arranged, the two wedge-shaped surfaces are connected by a bottom surface, and the wedge-shaped surfaces and the A rib is formed between the bottom surfaces;
  • the groove side wall of the support groove includes a first side wall surface and a second side wall surface whose slope is consistent with the wedge-shaped surface, the first side wall surface is located below the second side wall surface, The first side wall surface and the second side wall surface transition through an arc surface, and the wedge-shaped surface is in contact with the second side wall surface and protrudes downward from the second side wall surface, so that the edge is suspended set up.
  • the groove bottom wall of the support groove and the first side wall surface transition through an arc surface.
  • a mounting plate is provided on one longitudinal side of the first hinge seat for connecting with the vehicle body
  • a reinforcing block is provided on the side of the support body longitudinally away from the mounting plate, and the reinforcing block at least partially above the groove bottom wall of the support groove.
  • a pressing block is also included, the pressing block is connected with the support body and used for pressing the mandrel.
  • the first hinged seat is also connected with a single traction rod.
  • an anti-rolling torsion bar device including a torsion bar, a torsion arm and a connecting rod, bearing housings are provided at both ends of the torsion bar, and the bearing housings are installed at the bottom of the edge section, the A link is located laterally inboard of the side members.
  • the bearing seat is in the shape of a parallelogram, and at least a part of the connecting rod is bent to avoid the edge section.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of specific embodiment of bogie provided by the application;
  • Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the connection structure diagram of side beam, beam and longitudinal beam
  • Fig. 4 is the structural representation of hinge mechanism
  • Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the butt joint between the support part and the support groove
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the first hinged seat
  • Fig. 7 is the front view of Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the bogie provided by the present application in a bottom view.
  • first hinge seat 111 support body, 111a support groove, 111a-1 first side wall surface, 111a-2 second side wall surface, 111a-3 groove bottom wall, 112 mounting plate, 113 reinforcement block, 114 Single traction rod, 12 second hinged seat, 121 mandrel, 121a support part, 121a-1 wedge-shaped surface, 121a-2 bottom surface, 121a-3 edge, 122 pressing block;
  • Words such as “first” and “second” mentioned in this article are only for the convenience of describing two or more structures or components with the same or similar structure and/or function, and do not represent any order and/or importance. some special limit.
  • the running direction of the rail train is the longitudinal direction; in the running plane of the rail train, the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is the horizontal direction; and the direction perpendicular to the running plane of the rail train is the vertical direction, which also refers to up and down Directions, wherein the direction relatively close to the driving plane is down, and the direction relatively far away from the driving plane is up.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific embodiment of the bogie provided by the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a top view of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a connection structure diagram of side beams, cross beams and longitudinal beams.
  • the present application provides a bogie for connecting the wheel set 6 and the car body, including a hinge mechanism 1 and two side beams 2 extending longitudinally and spaced apart in the transverse direction.
  • Two beams 3 spaced apart in the longitudinal direction are connected between the beams 2.
  • the beam 3 includes a middle section 31 and edge sections 32 positioned on both sides of the middle section 31, and a longitudinal crossbeam 31 is connected between the ends of the two middle sections 31 on the same lateral side.
  • the beam 4 , the hinge mechanism 1 is installed on the two longitudinal beams 4 , at least part of the edge section 32 is gradually inclined inward from the direction away from the middle section 31 in the transverse direction.
  • inner refers to a position relatively close to the longitudinal centerline of the bogie
  • longitudinal centerline refers to a line passing through the longitudinal center and extending transversely.
  • the longitudinal distance between the two middle sections 31 is relatively large, which can make room for the installation of the hinge mechanism 1, and at least part of the two edge sections 32 can be gradually inclined inward along the direction away from the middle section 31 in the transverse direction. , can make space for the brake mechanism 7, which is beneficial to reduce the wheelbase of the bogie, so as to enhance the ability to pass through small curves, thereby reducing wheel rim wear, prolonging the turning period, and saving costs.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the transverse dimension of the edge segment 32, the transverse dimension of the inclined portion of the edge segment 32, and the angle between the inclined portion of the edge segment 32 and the transverse direction. It can be selected according to actual needs, as long as it can meet the requirements of use.
  • an air spring assembly i.e. an air spring assembly
  • the vertical dimension of the side beam 2 is relatively large, while the cross beam
  • the vertical dimension of 3 can be smaller, to reduce the weight of bogie.
  • the vertical size of the edge section 32 used to connect the middle section 31 and the side beam 2 can vary, so as to adapt to the difference in the vertical size of the middle section 31 and the side beam 2.
  • the vertical dimension of the connection between the middle section 31 and the edge section 32 may be smaller than the vertical dimension of the connection between the side beam 2 and the edge section 32, and at least a partial vertical dimension of the edge section 32 is away from the middle section 31 in the transverse direction. Orientation can be scaled down.
  • the edge section 32 can adopt a box beam structure to facilitate processing.
  • the top plate and the bottom plate of the inclined part of the edge section 32 can be roughly in the shape of a parallelogram; the middle section 31 can be a round tube
  • the middle section 31 can be set with equal diameters, and it is more convenient to obtain it by using a round tube beam.
  • edge section 32 adopting a box-shaped beam structure and the middle section 31 adopting a round tube beam structure is only an exemplary description of the embodiment of the present application.
  • edge section 32 and the middle section 31 can also adopt other forms of beam structure, as long as it does not affect the function realization.
  • each side beam 2 is usually provided with an empty spring assembly for connecting with the vehicle body.
  • each side beam 2 can be provided with two sets of empty spring assemblies spaced along the longitudinal direction, and each set of empty spring assemblies is used to connect one car body;
  • Each set of air spring assemblies may include at least one air spring 21 , and in use, each air spring 21 may be arranged in series.
  • each air spring 21 can flow with each other, and the internal pressure of each air spring 21 can be kept consistent.
  • only one height valve can be used to control the charging and exhausting of each air spring 21, which can realize both sides of the car. synchronous lifting of the car body to simplify the control operation; at the same time, it can also reduce the vertical additional load inside the hinge mechanism 1 caused by the different numbers of people on both sides of the car body, that is, the different loads, which is conducive to improving the load state of the hinge mechanism 1.
  • Each air spring 21 may be provided with a damping hole (not shown in the figure) to function as a vertical shock absorber. Therefore, the bogie provided by the present application may not be provided with a vertical shock absorber, so as to save the space of the bogie and further reduce the manufacturing cost.
  • the air springs 21 are isolated from each other, and it is also feasible to configure a height valve for each air spring 21 to control the filling and exhausting; similarly, the air spring 21 does not have a damping hole, and then chooses to set a vertical damping hole.
  • the scheme of the vibrator is also feasible.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the hinge mechanism
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of the butt joint between the support part and the support groove
  • Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the first hinge seat
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Figure 6 Front view.
  • the hinge mechanism 1 may include a first hinge seat 11 and a second hinge seat 12, the first hinge seat 11 may include two support bodies 111 arranged at intervals in the transverse direction, and the support body 111 may be provided with The opening of the support groove 111a is upward, and at least part of the longitudinal dimension of the support groove 111a can be gradually reduced from top to bottom.
  • the second hinge seat 12 is used to install the mandrel 121, and the axial ends of the mandrel 121 form a support portion 121a , at least a partial longitudinal dimension of the support portion 121a may gradually decrease from top to bottom. In the assembled state, at least part of the longitudinal wall surface of the portion of the support portion 121a whose longitudinal dimension gradually decreases can be in contact with at least part of the groove sidewall of the portion of the support groove 111a whose longitudinal dimension gradually decreases.
  • the matching scheme of the supporting part 121a and the supporting groove 111a adopted in the embodiment of the present application which is at least partially tapered from top to bottom, is more conducive to ensuring that the core
  • the longitudinal dimension of at least the lower end of the support portion 121a may gradually decrease from top to bottom, and may include two wedge-shaped surfaces 121a-1 oppositely arranged, and the gap between the two wedge-shaped surfaces 121a-1 may be Connected by the bottom surface 121a-2, and a rib 121a-3 can be formed between the wedge-shaped surface 121a-1 and the bottom surface 121a-2;
  • the groove side wall of the support groove 111a can include the first side wall surface 111a-1 and the slope and the wedge-shaped surface 121a -1 consistent second side wall surface 111a-2, the first side wall surface 111a-1 can be located below the second side wall surface 111a-2, the first side wall surface 111a-1 and the second side wall surface 111a-2 can pass through the arc surface
  • the wedge-shaped surface 121a-1 may be in contact with the second side wall surface 111a-2 and protrude downward from the second side wall surface 111a-2, so that the edge 121a-3
  • the groove bottom wall 111a-3 and the first side wall surface 111a-1 of the support groove 111a may also transition through an arc surface to ensure a smooth transition between the groove bottom wall 111a-3 and the groove side wall, thereby avoiding stress weak points produce.
  • the longitudinal side of the first hinged seat 11 and the second hinged seat 12 can be provided with a mounting plate 112, and the mounting plates 112 of the two can be arranged oppositely in the longitudinal direction, and are respectively used for connecting with the two car bodies. connected.
  • the side of the supporting body 111 longitudinally away from the mounting plate 112 can also be provided with a reinforcement block 113, and at least part of the reinforcement block 113 can be located at the bottom wall of the support groove 111a. above.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first hinge seat 11 at the root of the support groove 111a can be increased, thereby increasing the bending resistance and shear section modulus, and the support body 111 can have sufficient bearing capacity when transmitting longitudinal traction and impact loads.
  • the bogie provided by the present application may further include a pressing block 122 which may be connected with the support body 111 and used for pressing the mandrel 121 .
  • the pressing block 122 can be provided with three through holes, the two through holes on the longitudinal sides are used for assembling connectors to be connected with the support body 111, and the middle through hole is a process hole (the corresponding position of the mandrel 121 is also Vertical hole) is used to cooperate with the disassembly tooling to separate the mandrel 121 and the support body 111 structurally, which can solve the problems of difficult disassembly caused by metal inlays, deformation caused by interference fit, metal corrosion, etc.
  • the two longitudinal ends of the pressure block 122 are also provided with hooks extending downwards, which can be engaged with the two side walls of the support groove 111a, so as to improve the overall rigidity and bearing capacity.
  • the first hinged seat 11 may also be connected with a single traction rod 114 for transmitting longitudinal traction force.
  • the single pull rod 114 has simple structure, light weight, easy maintenance and lower cost.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the bogie provided by the present application in a bottom view.
  • the bogie provided by the present application can also include an anti-roll torsion bar device 5, which can include a torsion bar 51, a torsion arm 52 and a connecting rod 53, and the two ends of the torsion bar 51 can be provided with bearing housings 511, the torsion bar 51, the torsion arm 52 , the connection structure of the connecting rod 53 and the bearing seat 511 is not limited here, and those skilled in the art can refer to the prior art for configuration during specific implementation.
  • the bearing seat 511 can be installed on the bottom of the edge section 32 to facilitate disassembly and maintenance; the connecting rod 53 can be located on the lateral inner side of the side beam 2 to reduce the The lateral size can effectively save the space of the bogie, thereby reducing the intersprung mass of the bogie.
  • the bearing seat 511 may be in the shape of a parallelogram to match the bottom plate of the edge section 32 . At least part of the connecting rod 53 may be bent to avoid the inclined design of the edge section 32 .

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
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Abstract

一种转向架，包括铰接机构（1）和沿纵向延伸、且在横向上相间隔的两侧梁（2），两所述侧梁（2）之间连接有在纵向上相间隔的两横梁（3）；所述横梁（3）包括中间段和位于所述中间段两侧的边缘段，两所述中间段位于横向同一侧的端部之间连接有纵梁（4），所述铰接机构（1）安装于两所述纵梁（4），所述边缘段的至少局部自横向上远离所述中间段的方向逐渐向内倾斜。有利于减小转向架的轴距，增强小曲线通过能力。

Description

一种转向架
本申请要求于2021年07月02日提交中国专利局、申请号为2021107531321、发明名称为“一种转向架”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及轨道车辆技术领域，具体涉及一种转向架。
背景技术
一般情况下，铰接式转向架需要承载两个车体，导致其轴距较大，最大可达到2.9米，使得其小曲线通过能力较差，轮缘磨耗较快，车轮镟修、更换造成的车辆停运等直接和间接损失都会较大。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种转向架，其轴距相对较小，可以提高小曲线的通过能力，进而能够降低轮缘磨耗、延长镟修周期、并节约成本。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请提供一种转向架，包括铰接机构和沿纵向延伸、且在横向上相间隔的两侧梁，两所述侧梁之间连接有在纵向上相间隔的两横梁；所述横梁包括中间段和位于所述中间段两侧的边缘段，两所述中间段位于横向同一侧的端部之间连接有纵梁，所述铰接机构安装于两所述纵梁，所述边缘段的至少局部自横向上远离所述中间段的方向逐渐向内倾斜。
采用上述结构，两中间段之间的纵向间距相对较大，可以为铰接机构的安装腾出空间，而两边缘段的至少局部沿横向上远离中间段的方向可以逐渐向内倾斜，又可以为制动机构让出空间，有利于减小转向架的轴距，以增强小曲线通过能力，进而可以降低轮缘磨耗、延长镟修周期、并节约成本。
可选地，所述中间段与所述边缘段连接处的垂向尺寸小于所述侧梁和 所述边缘段连接处的垂向尺寸，所述边缘段的至少局部的垂向尺寸沿横向上远离所述中间段的方向逐渐缩小。
可选地，所述边缘段为箱型梁结构，所述中间段为圆管梁结构。
可选地，各所述侧梁均设有沿纵向间隔设置的两组空簧组件，各组所述空簧组件均包括至少一个空气弹簧，各所述空气弹簧串联设置。
可选地，各所述空气弹簧均设有阻尼孔，所述转向架不设置垂向减震器。
可选地，所述铰接机构包括第一铰接座和第二铰接座，所述第一铰接座包括在横向上间隔设置的两支撑体，所述支撑体设有开口向上的支撑槽，所述支撑槽的至少局部的纵向尺寸自上而下逐渐缩小，所述第二铰接座用于安装芯轴，所述芯轴的轴向两端部形成支撑部，所述支撑部的至少局部的纵向尺寸自上而下逐渐缩小，装配状态下，所述支撑部的纵向尺寸逐渐缩小的部分的纵向壁面的至少局部能够与所述支撑槽的纵向尺寸逐渐缩小的部分的槽侧壁的至少局部相接触。
可选地，所述支撑部的至少下端部的纵向尺寸自上而下逐渐缩小，包括相对设置的两个楔形面，两所述楔形面之间通过底面相连，且所述楔形面和所述底面之间形成棱；所述支撑槽的槽侧壁包括第一侧壁面和斜度与所述楔形面一致的第二侧壁面，所述第一侧壁面位于所述第二侧壁面的下方，所述第一侧壁面和所述第二侧壁面通过弧面过渡，所述楔形面与所述第二侧壁面相接触、并向下突出于所述第二侧壁面，以使所述棱悬空设置。
可选地，所述支撑槽的槽底壁与所述第一侧壁面通过弧面过渡。
可选地，所述第一铰接座的纵向一侧设有安装板，用于和车体相连，所述支撑体纵向上远离所述安装板的一侧设有加强块，所述加强块的至少局部位于所述支撑槽的槽底壁的上方。
可选地，还包括压块，所述压块与所述支撑体相连，用于压紧所述芯轴。
可选地，所述第一铰接座还连接有单牵引拉杆。
可选地，还包括抗侧滚扭杆装置，包括扭杆、扭臂和连杆，所述扭杆的两端设有轴承座，所述轴承座安装于所述边缘段的底部，所述连杆位于所述侧梁的横向内侧。
可选地，所述轴承座呈平行四边形状，所述连杆的至少局部折弯，以避让所述边缘段。
附图说明
图1为本申请所提供转向架的一种具体实施方式的结构示意图；
图2为图1的俯视图；
图3为侧梁、横梁和纵梁的连接结构图；
图4为铰接机构的结构示意图；
图5为支撑部和支撑槽的对接处的局部放大图；
图6为第一铰接座的结构示意图；
图7为图6的正视图；
图8为本申请所提供转向架在仰视视角下的局部结构示意图。
图1-图8中的附图标记说明如下：
1铰接机构、11第一铰接座、111支撑体、111a支撑槽、111a-1第一侧壁面、111a-2第二侧壁面、111a-3槽底壁、112安装板、113加强块、114单牵引拉杆、12第二铰接座、121芯轴、121a支撑部、121a-1楔形面、121a-2底面、121a-3棱、122压块；
2侧梁、21空气弹簧；
3横梁、31中间段、32边缘段；
4纵梁；
5抗侧滚扭杆装置、51扭杆、511轴承座、52扭臂、53连杆；
6轮对；
7制动机构。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本申请的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。
本文中所述“第一”、“第二”等词，仅是为了便于描述结构和/或功能 相同或者相类似的两个以上的结构或者部件，并不表示对于顺序和/或重要性的某种特殊限定。
本文中，以轨道列车的行驶方向为纵向；在轨道列车的行驶平面内，与该纵向相垂直的方向为横向；而与轨道列车的行驶平面相垂直的方向为垂向，垂向也是指上下方向，其中，相对靠近行驶平面的方向为下，而相对远离行驶平面的方向为上。
请参考图1-图3，图1为本申请所提供转向架的一种具体实施方式的结构示意图，图2为图1的俯视图，图3为侧梁、横梁和纵梁的连接结构图。
如图1-图3所示，本申请提供一种转向架，用于连接轮对6和车体，包括铰接机构1和沿纵向延伸、且在横向上相间隔的两侧梁2，两侧梁2之间连接有在纵向上相间隔的两横梁3，横梁3包括中间段31和位于中间段31两侧的边缘段32，两中间段31位于横向同一侧的端部之间连接有纵梁4，铰接机构1安装于两纵梁4，边缘段32的至少局部自横向上远离中间段31的方向逐渐向内倾斜。
这里的“内”是指相对靠近该转向架的纵向中心线的位置，该纵向中心线是指过纵向中心、且沿横向延伸的线。
采用上述结构，两中间段31之间的纵向间距相对较大，可以为铰接机构1的安装腾出空间，而两边缘段32的至少局部沿横向上远离中间段31的方向可以逐渐向内倾斜，又可以为制动机构7让出空间，有利于减小转向架的轴距，以增强小曲线通过能力，进而可以降低轮缘磨耗、延长镟修周期、并节约成本。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例并不限定边缘段32的横向尺寸、边缘段32倾斜部分的横向尺寸以及边缘段32倾斜部分与横向之间的夹角，在具体实施时，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择，只要能够满足使用的要求即可。
一般而言，侧梁2上会设置有空气弹簧组件(即空簧组件)，用于对车体进行支撑，为保证具有足够的支承性能，侧梁2的垂向尺寸均较大，而横梁3的垂向尺寸则可以较小，以减轻转向架的重量。
如此，用于连接中间段31和侧梁2的边缘段32的垂向尺寸可以存在 变化，以适应中间段31和侧梁2垂向尺寸的不同。详细地，中间段31与边缘段32连接处的垂向尺寸可以小于侧梁2和边缘段32连接处的垂向尺寸，边缘段32的至少局部的垂向尺寸沿横向上远离中间段31的方向可以逐渐缩小。
基于这种尺寸要求，边缘段32可以采用箱型梁结构，以方便加工，此时，边缘段32的倾斜部分的顶板和底板均可以大致呈现为平行四边形状；中间段31则可以为圆管梁结构，中间段31可以为等径设置，采用圆管梁更方便获取。
可以理解，上述的边缘段32采用箱型梁结构、中间段31采用圆管梁结构的方案选择仅是本申请实施例的一种示例性的说明，在具体实施时，边缘段32和中间段31也可以采用其他形式的梁体结构，只要不影响功能实现即可。
如前所述，侧梁2通常会设有空簧组件，用于和车体相连。对于需要连接纵向相邻的两节车体的转向架而言，各侧梁2均可以设有沿纵向间隔设置的两组空簧组件，每一组空簧组件用于连接一个车体；各组空簧组件均可以包括至少一个空气弹簧21，且在使用时，各空气弹簧21均可以串联设置。
如此，各空气弹簧21内的气体可以相互流动，各空气弹簧21的内压可以保持一致，具体实践中，仅使用一个高度阀即可以控制各空气弹簧21的充排气，能够实现两侧车体的同步升降，以简化控制操作；同时，还可以减小因两侧车体人员数量不同、即载荷不同造成的铰接机构1内部的垂向附加载荷，有利于改善铰接机构1的载荷状态。
各空气弹簧21均可以设有阻尼孔(图中未示出)，以起到垂向减震器的功能。因此，本申请所提供转向架还可以不设置垂向减震器，以节约转向架空间，进而降低制造成本。
需要注意的是，各空气弹簧21相互隔离，进而为各空气弹簧21单独配置高度阀以控制充排气的方案也是可行的；同样地，空气弹簧21不设置阻尼孔，进而选择设置垂向减震器的方案也是可行的。
请参考图4-图7，图4为铰接机构的结构示意图，图5为支撑部和支撑槽的对接处的局部放大图，图6为第一铰接座的结构示意图，图7为图 6的正视图。
进一步地，如图4所示，铰接机构1可以包括第一铰接座11和第二铰接座12，第一铰接座11可以包括在横向上间隔设置的两支撑体111，支撑体111可以设有开口向上的支撑槽111a，且支撑槽111a的至少局部的纵向尺寸可以自上而下逐渐缩小，第二铰接座12用于安装芯轴121，芯轴121的轴向两端部形成支撑部121a，支撑部121a的至少局部的纵向尺寸可以自上而下逐渐缩小。装配状态下，支撑部121a的纵向尺寸逐渐缩小的部分的纵向壁面的至少局部能够与支撑槽111a的纵向尺寸逐渐缩小的部分的槽侧壁的至少局部相接触。
区别于常规的U形槽和圆形截面芯轴的配合方案，本申请实施例所采用至少局部为自上而下渐缩设置的支撑部121a和支撑槽111a相配合的方案更有利于保证芯轴121垂向定位的可靠性，且支撑部121a和支撑槽111a的槽侧壁为面面接触，受力面积更大，可以减小应力集中，以提高铰接机构1的使用寿命。
更进一步地，如图5所示，支撑部121a的至少下端部的纵向尺寸可以自上而下逐渐缩小，可以包括相对设置的两个楔形面121a-1，两楔形面121a-1之间可以通过底面121a-2相连，且楔形面121a-1和底面121a-2之间可以形成棱121a-3；支撑槽111a的槽侧壁可以包括第一侧壁面111a-1和斜度与楔形面121a-1一致的第二侧壁面111a-2，第一侧壁面111a-1可以位于第二侧壁面111a-2的下方，第一侧壁面111a-1和第二侧壁面111a-2可以通过弧面过渡，楔形面121a-1可以与第二侧壁面111a-2相接触、并向下突出于第二侧壁面111a-2，以使棱121a-3悬空设置。如此，可以避免支撑部121a与支撑槽111a的槽侧壁之间的线接触，以更好地避免应力集中的现象。
支撑槽111a的槽底壁111a-3与第一侧壁面111a-1也可以通过弧面过渡，以保证槽底壁111a-3和槽侧壁之间的平滑过渡，进而可以避免应力薄弱点的产生。
请继续参考图4，第一铰接座11、第二铰接座12的纵向一侧均可以设有安装板112，二者的安装板112可以在纵向上相对设置，分别用于和两个车体相连。
结合图6、图7，对于第一铰接座11，支撑体111纵向上远离安装板112的一侧还可以设有加强块113，加强块113的至少局部可以位于支撑槽111a的槽底壁的上方。这样，能够增加第一铰接座11在支撑槽111a根部处的截面面积，进而增加抗弯和剪切截面模量，在传递纵向牵引力和冲击载荷时，支撑体111可以具有足够的承载能力。
本申请所提供转向架还可以包括压块122，压块122可以与支撑体111相连，用于压紧芯轴121。结合图4，压块122可以设有三个通孔，纵向两侧的两个通孔用于装配连接件、以与支撑体111相连，中间的通孔为工艺孔(芯轴121的对应位置也设有竖向孔)，用于和拆卸工装进行配合，以对芯轴121和支撑体111进行结构分离，能够解决金属镶嵌、过盈配合引发的形变、金属锈蚀等造成的拆卸困难的问题。
压块122的纵向两侧端还设有向下延伸的卡勾，能够与支撑槽111a的两个侧壁进行卡接，以提高整体的刚度和承载性能。
第一铰接座11还可以连接有单牵引拉杆114，用于传递纵向牵引力。相比于双拉杆结构，单牵引拉杆114的结构简单，重量轻，便于维护，成本更低。当然，在具体实施时，采用双拉杆的结构也是可行的。
请参考图8，图8为本申请所提供转向架在仰视视角下的局部结构示意图。
本申请所提供转向架还可以包括抗侧滚扭杆装置5，可以包括扭杆51、扭臂52和连杆53，扭杆51的两端可以设有轴承座511，扭杆51、扭臂52、连杆53以及轴承座511的连接结构在此不做限定，具体实施时，本领域技术人员可以参照现有技术进行设置。
具体到本申请实施例中，如图8所示，轴承座511可以安装于边缘段32的底部，以便于拆装维护；连杆53可以位于侧梁2的横向内侧，以缩减连杆53的横向尺寸，并能够有效地节约转向架空间，进而可以降低转向架的簧间质量。
由于边缘段32存在倾斜部分，因此，轴承座511可以呈现为平行四边形状，以与边缘段32的底板相适配。连杆53的至少局部可以存在折弯，以避让边缘段32的倾斜设计。
以上仅是本申请的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通 技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种转向架，包括铰接机构(1)和沿纵向延伸、且在横向上相间隔的两侧梁(2)，两所述侧梁(2)之间连接有在纵向上相间隔的两横梁(3)，其特征在于，所述横梁(3)包括中间段(31)和位于所述中间段(31)两侧的边缘段(32)，两所述中间段(31)位于横向同一侧的端部之间连接有纵梁(4)，所述铰接机构(1)安装于两所述纵梁(4)，所述边缘段(32)的至少局部自横向上远离所述中间段(31)的方向逐渐向内倾斜。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述转向架，其特征在于，所述中间段(31)与所述边缘段(32)连接处的垂向尺寸小于所述侧梁(2)和所述边缘段(32)连接处的垂向尺寸，所述边缘段(32)的至少局部的垂向尺寸沿横向上远离所述中间段(31)的方向逐渐缩小。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述转向架，其特征在于，所述边缘段(32)为箱型梁结构，所述中间段(31)为圆管梁结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述转向架，其特征在于，各所述侧梁(2)均设有沿纵向间隔设置的两组空簧组件，各组所述空簧组件均包括至少一个空气弹簧(21)，各所述空气弹簧(21)串联设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述转向架，其特征在于，各所述空气弹簧(21)均设有阻尼孔，所述转向架不设置垂向减震器。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述转向架，其特征在于，所述铰接机构(1)包括第一铰接座(11)和第二铰接座(12)，所述第一铰接座(11)包括在横向上间隔设置的两支撑体(111)，所述支撑体(111)设有开口向上的支撑槽(111a)，所述支撑槽(111a)的至少局部的纵向尺寸自上而下逐渐缩小，所述第二铰接座(12)用于安装芯轴(121)，所述芯轴(121)的轴向两端部形成支撑部(121a)，所述支撑部(121a)的至少局部的纵向尺寸自上而下逐渐缩小，装配状态下，所述支撑部(121a)的纵向尺寸逐渐缩小的部分的纵向壁面的至少局部能够与所述支撑槽(111a)的纵向尺寸逐渐缩小的部分的槽侧壁的至少局部相接触。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述转向架，其特征在于，所述支撑部(121a)的至少下端部的纵向尺寸自上而下逐渐缩小，包括相对设置的两个楔形面 (121a-1)，两所述楔形面(121a-1)之间通过底面(121a-2)相连，且所述楔形面(121a-1)和所述底面(121a-2)之间形成棱(121a-3)；
    所述支撑槽(111a)的槽侧壁包括第一侧壁面(111a-1)和斜度与所述楔形面(121a-1)一致的第二侧壁面(111a-2)，所述第一侧壁面(111a-1)位于所述第二侧壁面(111a-2)的下方，所述第一侧壁面(111a-1)和所述第二侧壁面(111a-2)通过弧面过渡，所述楔形面(121a-1)与所述第二侧壁面(111a-2)相接触、并向下突出于所述第二侧壁面(111a-2)，以使所述棱(121a-3)悬空设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述转向架，其特征在于，所述支撑槽(111a)的槽底壁(111a-3)与所述第一侧壁面(111a-1)通过弧面过渡。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述转向架，其特征在于，所述第一铰接座(11)的纵向一侧设有安装板(112)，用于和车体相连，所述支撑体(111)纵向上远离所述安装板(112)的一侧设有加强块(113)，所述加强块(113)的至少局部位于所述支撑槽(111a)的槽底壁(111a-3)的上方。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述转向架，其特征在于，还包括压块(122)，所述压块(122)与所述支撑体(111)相连，用于压紧所述芯轴(121)。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述转向架，其特征在于，所述第一铰接座(11)还连接有单牵引拉杆(114)。
  12. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述转向架，其特征在于，还包括抗侧滚扭杆装置(5)，包括扭杆(51)、扭臂(52)和连杆(53)，所述扭杆(51)的两端设有轴承座(511)，所述轴承座(511)安装于所述边缘段(32)的底部，所述连杆(53)位于所述侧梁(2)的横向内侧。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述转向架，其特征在于，所述轴承座(511)呈平行四边形状，所述连杆(53)的至少局部折弯，以避让所述边缘段(32)。
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