WO2023273190A1 - 一种dc/dc变换单元和能量变换系统 - Google Patents

一种dc/dc变换单元和能量变换系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023273190A1
WO2023273190A1 PCT/CN2021/137761 CN2021137761W WO2023273190A1 WO 2023273190 A1 WO2023273190 A1 WO 2023273190A1 CN 2021137761 W CN2021137761 W CN 2021137761W WO 2023273190 A1 WO2023273190 A1 WO 2023273190A1
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Prior art keywords
conversion unit
input
output port
voltage
output
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/137761
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈鹏
孙帅
丁杰
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阳光电源股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023273190A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023273190A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of power conversion, in particular to a DC/DC conversion unit and an energy conversion system.
  • inverters there are three types of inverters in photovoltaic power generation systems: string type, centralized type, and distributed type.
  • string type For centralized and distributed inverters, the photovoltaic strings need to pass through a combiner box for confluence, and after long-distance wiring, they are connected to the inverter placed near the box transformer, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the first aspect of the present application discloses a DC/DC conversion unit, the input end of the main circuit is provided with a first input port and a second input port, and the output end of the main circuit is provided with a first output port, a second output port port and the third output port; wherein:
  • the voltage at the first input port is greater than the voltage at the second input port
  • the voltage of the first output port is a positive voltage
  • the adjustment target of the voltage of the second output port is zero
  • the voltage of the third output port is a negative voltage
  • At least one output port is directly connected to the corresponding input port, so that the input end and the output end of the DC/DC conversion unit are connected in series.
  • the second output port is directly connected to the second input port.
  • the voltage difference between the second output port and the third output port is obtained after the main circuit transforms the voltage received at its own input terminal.
  • a non-isolated boost circuit a buck-boost circuit, a buck circuit, and a DC conversion unit with an isolation transformer.
  • the voltage of the first output port is greater than or equal to the voltage of the first input port.
  • the voltage of the first output port and the voltage of the third output port are symmetrical with respect to the second output port.
  • the first output port is indirectly connected to the first input port, so that the voltage of the first output port is greater than the voltage of the first input port.
  • the main circuit when the first output port is indirectly connected to the first input port, includes: a first conversion circuit and a second conversion circuit;
  • the input end of the first conversion circuit and the input end of the second conversion circuit are connected in parallel to the input end of the main circuit;
  • the voltage difference between the second output port and the third output port is obtained after the first transformation circuit transforms the voltage received at its own input terminal;
  • the voltage difference between the first output port and the second output port is obtained after the second transformation circuit transforms the voltage received at its own input terminal.
  • the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit respectively include: at least one of a non-isolated boost circuit, a buck-boost circuit, a buck circuit, and a DC conversion unit with an isolation transformer.
  • the main circuit includes: the buck-boost circuit
  • the anode of the input terminal of the buck-boost circuit is connected to the first input port
  • the negative pole of the input terminal of the buck-boost circuit is connected to the second input port;
  • the positive pole of the output terminal of the buck-boost circuit is connected to the second output port;
  • the negative pole of the output terminal of the buck-boost circuit is connected to the third output port.
  • the first conversion circuit includes: the buck-boost circuit
  • the second conversion circuit includes: the boost circuit
  • Both the positive input terminal of the buck-boost circuit and the positive input terminal of the boost circuit are connected to the first input port;
  • the positive output terminal of the buck-boost circuit and the negative output terminal of the boost circuit are connected to the second output port;
  • the negative pole of the output end of the buck-boost circuit is connected to the third output port;
  • the anode of the output terminal of the boost circuit is connected to the first output port.
  • the second aspect of the present application discloses an energy conversion system, including: at least one DC input source, and at least one DC/DC conversion unit as described in any one of the first aspect of the present application;
  • the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit is directly or indirectly connected to the corresponding DC input source;
  • the output end of the DC/DC conversion unit is directly or indirectly connected to the output end of the energy conversion system.
  • the output end of the DC/DC conversion unit is connected to the DC side of the inverter through a corresponding cable;
  • the AC side of the inverter is connected to the output end of the energy conversion system.
  • the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit is connected to the positive pole of the DC side of the inverter through a positive line;
  • the third output port of the DC/DC conversion unit is connected to the negative pole of the DC side of the inverter through a negative line.
  • the midpoint of the DC side provided inside the inverter is grounded through the first grounding unit provided inside the inverter;
  • the midpoint of the DC side arranged outside the inverter is grounded through a first grounding unit arranged outside the inverter, or the DC/DC
  • the second output port of the conversion unit is connected to the midpoint of the DC side of the inverter through a neutral line.
  • the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit is respectively connected to the negative pole of the DC side of the first inverter and the positive pole of the DC side of the second inverter through a neutral line;
  • the third output port of the DC/DC conversion unit is connected to the negative pole of the DC side of the second inverter through a negative line.
  • connection point between the negative pole of the DC side of the first inverter and the positive pole of the DC side of the second inverter is grounded through the first grounding unit, or connected to the DC/DC converter through a neutral line.
  • the second output port of the unit is grounded through the first grounding unit, or connected to the DC/DC converter through a neutral line.
  • it also includes: a second grounding unit;
  • the second grounding unit is used to implement coupling connection or decoupling disconnection between the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit and the equipotential ground.
  • the second grounding unit includes: a switching power supply, an impedance unit, a third diode and a third capacitor;
  • the anode of the input terminal of the switching power supply is connected to the first input port of the DC/DC conversion unit;
  • the negative pole of the input terminal of the switching power supply is connected to the second input port
  • the anode of the output end of the switching power supply is connected to one end of the third capacitor, and the connection point is connected to the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit through the impedance unit and the third diode in sequence;
  • the switching power supply includes: an energy storage element and a switching tube connected in series.
  • the second grounding unit includes: a controllable switch
  • the second output port is connected to the earth equipotential through the controllable switch.
  • it also includes: at least one combiner box;
  • Each combiner box is respectively arranged between the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit and the corresponding DC input source.
  • the combiner box further includes at least one DC/DC conversion module, so as to realize a first-stage voltage conversion before the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the DC input sources connected to the input terminals of each of the DC/DC conversion units are the same, or there are at least two DC input sources connected to the input terminals of the DC/DC conversion units that are different from each other. same.
  • the DC side of the AC/DC conversion unit is connected to the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit;
  • the AC side of the AC/DC conversion unit is connected to a power grid or a wind power generation unit.
  • the input end of the main circuit of the DC/DC conversion unit is provided with a first input port and a second input port, and the output end of the main circuit is provided with a second input port.
  • An output port, a second output port and a third output port wherein: the voltage of the first input port is greater than the voltage of the second input port; the voltage of the first output port is a positive voltage, and the voltage adjustment target of the second output port is zero , the voltage of the third output port is a negative voltage; and at least one output port is directly connected to the corresponding input port, so that the input end and the output end of the DC/DC conversion unit are connected in series; thus, the input of the DC/DC conversion unit The voltage and the output voltage are connected in series, which increases the output voltage of the DC/DC conversion unit and greatly reduces the transmission current and line loss at its output end.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit is only used to generate the boosted lower half voltage, and the power is close to half of the input power of the photovoltaic combiner box, the added equipment cost is low and the conversion is simple.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system provided by the prior art
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a DC/DC conversion unit and an energy conversion system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a DC/DC conversion unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another DC/DC conversion unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another DC/DC conversion unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another energy conversion system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another energy conversion system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an inverter in an energy conversion system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second grounding unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is another schematic diagram of the second grounding unit provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a DC/DC conversion unit, which is used to solve the problem in the prior art that, in order to reduce wire loss, the wire diameter of the bus cable is usually increased and the cable cost is increased.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit 10 has a first input port and a second input port at the input end of the main circuit, and a first output port, a second output port and a third output port at the output end of the main circuit port;
  • the voltage of the first input port is greater than the voltage of the second input port; the voltage of the first output port is a positive voltage, the voltage adjustment target of the second output port is zero, and the voltage of the third output port is a negative voltage. That is, the DC/DC conversion unit has three output ports and two input ports. Wherein, the second output port serves as the zero point of the output terminal, and its voltage actually fluctuates up and down in a small range around zero, and its fluctuation range is not specifically limited.
  • At least one output port is directly connected to the corresponding input port, so that the input end and the output end of the DC/DC conversion unit are connected in series.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit 10 implements DC power conversion of the voltage input from two ports, and transforms it into three ports for output.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit 10 converts the voltage V1 between the first input terminal and the second input terminal to obtain a voltage V2 through DC/DC conversion. Moreover, since the input and output of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 have a series connection relationship, the obtained voltage V2 at least includes the series value of the output voltage of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 and the voltage V1, and may be greater than This series value; that is, a higher output voltage is obtained through the series connection of at least V1 and V2, thereby greatly reducing the transmission current at the output terminal.
  • the input voltage and output voltage of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 are connected in series, which increases the output voltage of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 and greatly reduces the transmission current and line loss at the output end.
  • the first input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is directly connected to the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 .
  • the voltage difference between the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 and the third output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is obtained after the main circuit converts the voltage received at its own input terminal.
  • the main circuit can perform step-up conversion and/or step-down conversion on the voltage received by its own input, which is not specifically limited here, but can be determined according to the actual situation, all of which are within the protection scope of the present application.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit 10 includes: at least one of a non-isolated boost circuit, a buck-boost circuit, a buck circuit and a DC conversion unit with an isolation transformer.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit 10 can have various structures, such as only including one of a non-isolated boost circuit, a buck-boost circuit, a buck circuit and a DC conversion unit with an isolation transformer; or, a non-isolated Any combination of the four structures of boost circuit, buck-boost circuit, buck circuit and DC conversion unit with isolation transformer.
  • the type selection of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is not specifically limited here, it can be determined according to the actual situation, all of which are within the scope of protection of the present application.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is only used to generate the boosted lower half voltage, and the power is close to half of the input power of the photovoltaic combiner box 20 , the added equipment cost is low and the conversion is simple.
  • the voltage of the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is greater than or equal to the voltage of its first input port; that is, the voltage of the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 can be equal to its own
  • the voltage of the first input port, such as the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is directly connected to its first input port; or, the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is connected to the DC/DC through the corresponding module.
  • the first input port of the conversion unit 10 so that the voltage of the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is greater than the voltage of the first input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 itself.
  • the main circuit When the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is directly connected to its first input port, the main circuit is only used to convert the voltage received by its own input terminal to obtain the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 and The pressure difference between the third output ports of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is shown as 111 in FIG. 3 .
  • the main circuit includes: a first conversion circuit (111 as shown in FIG. 4 ) and a second conversion circuit circuit (112 as shown in FIG. 4).
  • the input end of the first conversion circuit and the input end of the second conversion circuit are connected in parallel to the input end of the main circuit.
  • the voltage difference between the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 and the third output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is obtained after the first conversion circuit converts the voltage received at its own input terminal.
  • the voltage difference between the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 and the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is obtained after the second conversion circuit converts the voltage received at its own input terminal.
  • the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit respectively include: at least one of a non-isolated boost circuit, a buck-boost circuit, a buck circuit and a DC conversion unit with an isolation transformer.
  • the voltage of the first output port and the voltage of the third output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 may be symmetrical with respect to its second output port.
  • the voltage of the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is greater than or equal to the voltage of its first input port, so that the voltage output by the DC/DC conversion unit 10 can be greater than or equal to V1+V2, thereby ensuring its output voltage gets boosted.
  • the first input port may not participate in the conversion, but is directly connected to the corresponding output port, and 0, -V2 are obtained through power conversion, and the DC/DC conversion unit 10 only includes the buck-boost circuit 111
  • FIG. 3 Its circuit diagram is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the structure shown in FIG. 3 is just an example, and other multi-level buck-boost circuits 111 are also available, mainly used to complete the transformation of -V2 voltage.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit 10 can also be a non-isolated circuit, as shown in FIG. 4 ; or an isolated circuit, as shown in FIG. 5 . Under these two structures, +V2, 0, and -V2 can be obtained through power conversion.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit 10 only includes a buck-boost circuit 111, the DC/DC conversion unit 10 includes a boost circuit 112 and a buck-boost circuit 111, and the DC/DC conversion unit 10 includes a DC conversion unit, these three The situation is explained separately:
  • the positive input terminal of the buck-boost circuit 111 is connected to the first input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 ; the negative terminal of the input terminal of the buck-boost circuit 111 is connected to the second input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 .
  • the positive pole of the output terminal of the buck-boost circuit 111 is connected to the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10; the negative pole of the output terminal of the buck-boost circuit 111 is connected to the third output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10; the DC/DC conversion unit 10
  • the first output port of is connected to the anode of the input end of the buck-boost circuit 111 .
  • the buck-boost circuit 111 includes: a first diode D1, a first inductor L1, a first capacitor C1, and at least one first switch tube Q1, so that the buck-boost circuit 111 can control the input voltage Step-up and step-down conversion functions.
  • one end of the first switching tube Q1 is used as the positive pole of the input terminal of the buck-boost circuit 111, and is simultaneously connected to the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 and the first input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10; the first switch The other end of the tube Q1 is connected to one end of the first inductor L1 and the cathode of the first diode D1; the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1, and the connection point is used as the output of the buck-boost circuit 111
  • the terminal negative pole is connected to the third output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10; the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the other end of the first capacitor C1, and the connection point is used as the positive pole of the output terminal and the negative pole of the input terminal of the buck-boost circuit 111,
  • the second output port and the second input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 are respectively connected.
  • the positive pole of the output terminal of the buck-boost circuit 111 and the negative pole of the output terminal of the boost circuit 112 are both connected to the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10; the negative pole of the output terminal of the buck-boost circuit 111 is connected to the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 Three output ports; the positive pole of the output end of the boost circuit 112 is connected to the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 .
  • the buck-boost circuit 111 includes: a first diode D1, a first inductor L1, a first capacitor C1, and at least one first switch tube Q1, so that the buck-boost circuit 111 can boost the input voltage Voltage and step-down conversion functions; wherein: one end of the first switch tube Q1 is used as the positive pole of the input terminal of the buck-boost circuit 111, and is connected to the first input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10; the other end of the first switch tube Q1 is connected to the first input port of the first switch tube Q1.
  • an inductor L1 is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1; the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1, and the connection point is used as the negative pole of the output end of the buck-boost circuit 111, connected to DC/DC
  • the boost circuit 112 includes: a second diode D2, a second inductor L2, a second capacitor C2, and at least one second switch tube Q2, so that the boost circuit 112 can realize the function of step-down conversion of the input voltage; wherein: the second One end of the switch tube Q2 is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, and the connection point is used as the negative pole of the input terminal and the negative pole of the output terminal of the boost circuit 112, and is connected to the second input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 and the first terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit 10. Two output ports.
  • the other end of the second switching tube Q2 is respectively connected to the anode of the second diode D2 and one end of the second inductance L2; the other end of the second inductance L2 serves as the anode of the input end of the boost circuit 112 and is connected to the DC/DC conversion unit 10
  • the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the other end of the second capacitor C2, and the connection point is used as the anode of the output terminal of the boost circuit 112, and connected to the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10.
  • the DC conversion unit includes: an input capacitor Cvin, an output capacitor Cout, a bridge circuit (comprising Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 as shown in Figure 5), an inductance capacitive reactor CL and High-frequency transformer T;
  • the bridge circuit includes four switching tubes; one end of the first switching tube Q1 is connected to one end of the third switching tube Q3, and the connection point is used as the positive pole of the DC side of the bridge circuit, and the other end of the first switching tube Q1 is connected to One end of the second switching tube Q2 is connected, and the connection point is used as one end of the AC side of the bridge circuit. It is connected to one end of the fourth switch tube Q4, and the connection point is used as the negative pole of the DC side of the bridge circuit, and the other end of the third switch tube Q3 is connected to the other end of the fourth switch tube Q4, and the connection point is used as the bridge circuit.
  • One end of the AC side is connected to the other end of the primary winding in the high frequency transformer T.
  • the two ends of the secondary winding in the high frequency transformer T are respectively connected to the two ends of the output capacitor Cout, and the connection points serve as the third output port and the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 respectively.
  • the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is connected to the second input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 ; the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is connected to the first input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 .
  • FIG. 2 Another embodiment of the present application provides an energy conversion system, see Figure 2, including: at least one DC input source 30 ( Figure 2 takes a photovoltaic power generation unit as an example) and at least one DC/DC conversion unit 10 .
  • the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is directly or indirectly connected to a corresponding DC input source 30 .
  • the DC input source 30 is at least one of a photovoltaic power generation unit and an energy storage unit, and the types of the DC input power 30 will not be described here one by one. It depends on the actual situation and is within the scope of protection of this application. .
  • the output end of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is directly or indirectly connected to the output end of the energy conversion system.
  • the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is connected to the positive pole of the DC side of the inverter 40 through a positive line;
  • the third output port of the DC conversion unit 10 is connected to the negative pole of the DC side of the inverter 40 through a negative line.
  • the DC side of the inverter 40 includes three ports or two ports; and, when the DC side of the inverter 40 includes two ports, the midpoint of the DC side provided inside the inverter 40 is set at the inverter
  • the first grounding unit inside the inverter 40 is grounded (not shown); when the DC side of the inverter 40 includes three ports, the midpoint of the DC side set outside it is grounded through the first grounding unit set outside it ( As shown in FIG. 7 ), alternatively, the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is connected to the midpoint of the DC side of the inverter 40 through a neutral line (as shown in FIG. 6 ).
  • the functions and structures of the two first grounding units can be the same, but the setting positions are different, which is not specifically limited this time, and the DC side of the inverter 40 can be made The midpoint of the side can be grounded.
  • the first output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is connected to the first inverter through the positive line
  • the positive pole of the DC side of the inverter 40; the negative pole of the DC side of the first inverter 40 is connected to the positive pole of the DC side of the second inverter 40, and the third output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is connected to the second inverter through a negative line 40 DC side negative pole; at this time, the inverter 40 is a two-port inverter.
  • the energy conversion system further includes: at least one combiner box 20 ; each combiner box 20 is respectively arranged between the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 and the corresponding DC input source 30 .
  • the output voltage of the combiner box 20 can be increased to reduce the output current under the same power.
  • One solution is to increase the DC/DC unit in the combiner box 20 to increase the output voltage.
  • Another option is to add a DC/DC unit in series on the basis of the DC/DC unit in the combiner box 20 to further increase the voltage, but this will greatly increase the cost of power conversion.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is independent of the combiner box 20, and one DC/DC conversion unit 10 can correspond to multiple combiner boxes 20, thereby reducing the hardware cost of the energy conversion system.
  • the DC/DC The output end of the conversion unit 10 is connected to the DC side of the inverter 40 through a corresponding cable, so as to realize long-distance transmission with low cost and low line loss.
  • the combiner box 20 may also be a common combiner box that does not include a DC/DC conversion module.
  • the combiner box 20 may further include at least one DC/DC conversion module, so as to implement a first-stage voltage conversion for the corresponding DC input source 30 before the DC/DC conversion unit 10 . No specific limitation is made here, and it can be determined according to the actual situation, all of which are within the protection scope of the present application.
  • the DC/DC converting unit 10 may further include: a second grounding unit 12 .
  • the second grounding unit 12 is used to realize the coupling connection or decoupling between the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 and the ground equipotential; that is, by controlling the second grounding unit 12, the DC/DC conversion
  • the neutral line of the unit 10 is at the same potential as the earth.
  • the second grounding unit 12 may include power semiconductor tubes, inductors, transformers, relays, resistors, etc. There are various structures, which will not be described here one by one. The following two cases are illustrated as examples:
  • the second grounding unit 12 includes: a switching power supply E, an impedance Z unit, a third diode and a third capacitor.
  • the positive pole of the input terminal of the switching power supply E is connected to the first input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10; the negative pole of the input terminal of the switching power supply E is connected to the second input port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10; the positive pole of the output terminal of the switching power supply E is connected to the One end of the third capacitor is connected, and the connection point is connected to the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 through the impedance Z unit and the third diode in turn; the negative pole of the output terminal of the switching power supply E is connected to the other end of the third capacitor, connected to Point to earth equipotential.
  • the switching power supply E includes an energy storage element and a switching tube connected in series.
  • the second grounding unit 12 includes: a controllable switch S1 .
  • the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is connected to the ground equipotential through the controllable switch S1.
  • one end of the controllable switch S1 is connected to the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10
  • the other end of the controllable switch S1 is connected to the ground equipotential.
  • the potential of the second output port of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is equal to the ground through the second grounding unit 12 in the DC/DC conversion unit 10, so that even if the differential mode voltage output by the bus bar increases , the ground voltage of each output terminal is still within the system voltage range, ensuring insulation safety.
  • the DC input source 30 may also be an AC/DC conversion unit.
  • the output end of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is directly or indirectly connected to the output end of the energy conversion system.
  • the DC side of the AC/DC conversion unit is connected to the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit 10; the AC side of the AC/DC conversion unit is connected to the power grid or the wind power generation unit.
  • the application scenario of the energy conversion system can be a charging pile.
  • the output terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 can be directly used as the output terminal of the energy conversion system, that is, its
  • the application scenario is a DC charging scenario; of course, the output end of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is connected to the output end of the energy conversion system through the inverter 40, such as an AC charging scenario.
  • the application scenario of the energy conversion system may be a wind power generation system.
  • the output end of the DC/DC conversion unit 10 is connected to the output end of the energy conversion system through the inverter 40 .
  • the application scenarios of the energy conversion system are not specifically limited here, but can be determined according to actual conditions, and all are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Abstract

本申请提供了一种DC/DC变换单元和能量变换系统，该DC/DC变换单元的主电路的输入端设置有第一输入端口和第二输入端口，主电路的输出端设置有第一输出端口、第二输出端口及第三输出端口；其中：第一输入端口的电压大于第二输入端口的电压；第一输出端口的电压为正电压，第二输出端口的电压调节目标为零，第三输出端口的电压为负电压；并且，至少一个输出端口直接与相应的输入端口连接，以使DC/DC变换单元的输入端和输出端串联，从而，使DC/DC变换单元的输入电压和输出电压串联，提高了DC/DC变换单元的输出电压，大大降低了其输出端的传输电流和线损。

Description

一种DC/DC变换单元和能量变换系统
本申请要求于2021年06月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110719532.0、发明名称为“一种DC/DC变换单元和能量变换系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电力变换技术领域，特别涉及一种DC/DC变换单元和能量变换系统。
背景技术
目前光伏发电系统中的逆变器主要有组串式、集中式、集散式这三类。对于集中式和集散式逆变器，光伏组串都需要经过一个汇流箱汇流，经过长距离走线后，与放置在箱变附近的逆变器连接，如图1所示。
现有技术中，为了降低线损，通常会提高汇流线缆的线径，但是这样会使得线缆成本增加。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种DC/DC变换单元和能量变换系统，用于降低电能传输过程中的线损，且降低DC/DC变换单元的成本低、实现变换简单。
本申请第一方面公开了一种DC/DC变换单元，其主电路的输入端设置有第一输入端口和第二输入端口，所述主电路的输出端设置有第一输出端口、第二输出端口及第三输出端口；其中：
所述第一输入端口的电压大于所述第二输入端口的电压；
所述第一输出端口的电压为正电压，所述第二输出端口的电压的调节目标为零，所述第三输出端口的电压为负电压；
并且，至少一个输出端口直接与相应的输入端口连接，以使所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端和输出端串联。
可选的，所述第二输出端口直接与所述第二输入端口相连。
可选的，所述第二输出端口与所述第三输出端口之间的压差，为所述主电路对自身输入端接收电压进行变换后得到的。
可选的，包括：非隔离的boost电路、buck-boost电路、buck电路和带有隔离变压器的直流变换单元中的至少一种。
可选的，所述第一输出端口的电压，大于等于所述第一输入端口的电压。
可选的，所述第一输出端口的电压与所述第三输出端口的电压关于所述第二输出端口对称。
可选的，所述第一输出端口直接连接所述第一输入端口，以使所述第一输出端口的电压等于所述第一输入端口的电压；
所述第一输出端口间接连接所述第一输入端口，以使所述第一输出端口的电压大于所述第一输入端口的电压。
可选的，所述第一输出端口间接连接所述第一输入端口时，所述主电路包括：第一变换电路和第二变换电路；
所述第一变换电路的输入端和所述第二变换电路的输入端，并联连接至所述主电路的输入端；
所述第二输出端口与所述第三输出端口之间的压差，为所述第一变换电路对自身输入端接收电压进行变换后得到的；
所述第一输出端口与所述第二输出端口之间的压差，为所述第二变换电路对自身输入端接收电压进行变换后得到的。
可选的，所述第一变换电路和所述第二变换电路分别包括：非隔离的boost电路、buck-boost电路、buck电路和带有隔离变压器的直流变换单元中的至少一种。
可选的，所述主电路包括：所述buck-boost电路；
所述buck-boost电路的输入端正极连接所述第一输入端口；
所述buck-boost电路的输入端负极连接所述第二输入端口；
所述buck-boost电路的输出端正极连接所述第二输出端口；
所述buck-boost电路的输出端负极连接所述第三输出端口。
可选的，所述第一变换电路包括：所述buck-boost电路，所述第二变换电路包括：所述boost电路；
所述buck-boost电路的输入端正极和所述boost电路的输入端正极均连接所述第一输入端口；
所述buck-boost电路的输入端负极和所述boost电路的输入端负极均连接所述第二输入端口；
所述buck-boost电路的输出端正极和所述boost电路的输出端负极连接所述第二输出端口；
所述buck-boost电路的输出端负极连接所述第三输出端口；
所述boost电路的输出端正极连接所述第一输出端口。
本申请第二方面公开了一种能量变换系统，包括：至少一个直流输入源，以及，至少一个如本申请第一方面任一项所述DC/DC变换单元；
所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端直接或间接与相应的所述直流输入源相连；
所述DC/DC变换单元的输出端直接或间接连接能量变换系统的输出端。
可选的，还包括至少一个逆变器；
所述DC/DC变换单元的输出端通过相应的线缆，与所述逆变器的直流侧相连；
所述逆变器的交流侧连接所述能量变换系统的输出端。
可选的，在所述逆变器的个数为1时：
所述DC/DC变换单元的第一输出端口通过正线连接所述逆变器的直流侧正极；
所述DC/DC变换单元的第三输出端口通过负线连接所述逆变器的直流侧负极。
可选的，所述逆变器的直流侧包括三个端口或两个端口；
所述逆变器的直流侧包括两个端口时，设置于所述逆变器内部的直流侧中点通过设置于所述逆变器内部的第一接地单元接地；
所述逆变器的直流侧包括三个端口时，设置于所述逆变器外部的直流侧中点通过设置于所述逆变器外部的第一接地单元接地，或者，所述DC/DC变换单元的第二输出端口通过零线连接所述逆变器的直流侧中点。
可选的，在所述逆变器的个数为2，分别为第一逆变器和第二逆变器时：
所述DC/DC变换单元的第一输出端口通过正线连接所述第一逆变器的直流侧正极；
所述DC/DC变换单元的第二输出端口通过零线分别连接所述第一逆变器的直流侧负极和所述第二逆变器的直流侧正极；
所述DC/DC变换单元的第三输出端口通过负线连接所述第二逆变器的直流侧负极。
可选的，所述第一逆变器的直流侧负极和所述第二逆变器的直流侧正极的连接点，通过第一接地单元接地，或者，通过零线连接所述DC/DC变换单元的第二输出端口。
可选的，还包括：第二接地单元；
所述第二接地单元用于实现所述DC/DC变换单元的第二输出端口与大地等电位之间的耦合连接或解耦断开。
可选的，所述第二接地单元包括：开关电源、阻抗单元、第三二极管和第三电容；
所述开关电源的输入端正极连接所述DC/DC变换单元的第一输入端口；
所述开关电源的输入端负极连接第二输入端口；
所述开关电源的输出端正极与所述第三电容的一端相连，连接点依次通过所述阻抗单元和所述第三二极管连接所述DC/DC变换单元的第二输出端口；
所述开关电源的输出端负极与所述第三电容的另一端相连，连接点接所述大地等电位。
可选的，所述开关电源包括：串联连接的储能元件和开关管。
可选的，所述第二接地单元包括：可控开关；
所述第二输出端口通过所述可控开关接所述大地等电位。
可选的，还包括：至少一个汇流箱；
各个汇流箱分别设置于所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端与相应的所述直流输入源之间。
可选的，所述汇流箱中还包括至少一路DC/DC变换模块，以在所述DC/DC变换单元之前实现一级电压变换。
可选的，所述直流输入源为光伏发电单元、AC/DC变换单元和储能单元中的至少一种。
可选的，各个所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端所连接的所述直流输入源相同，或者，存在至少两个所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端所连接的所述直流输入源不相同。
可选的，所述AC/DC变换单元的直流侧与所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端相连；
所述AC/DC变换单元的交流侧连接电网或风力发电单元。
从上述技术方案可知，本申请提供的一种DC/DC变换单元，该DC/DC变换单元的主电路的输入端设置有第一输入端口和第二输入端口，主电路的输出端设置有第一输出端口、第二输出端口及第三输出端口；其中：第一输入端口的电压大于第二输入端口的电压；第一输出端口的电压为正电压，第二输出端口的电压调节目标为零，第三输出端口的电压为负电压；并且，至少一个输出端口直接与相应的输入端口连接，以使DC/DC变换单元的输入端和输出端串联；从而，使DC/DC变换单元的输入电压和输出电压串联，提高了DC/DC变换单元的输出电压，大大降低了其输出端的传输电流和线损。另外，由于DC/DC变换单元仅用于产生升压后的下半部分电压，且功率接近光伏汇流箱输入功率的一半，因此增加的设备成本低、变换简单。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1是现有技术提供的一种光伏发电系统的示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种DC/DC变换单元和能量变换系统的示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种DC/DC变换单元的示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种DC/DC变换单元的示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种DC/DC变换单元的示意图；
图6本申请实施例提供的另一种能量变换系统的示意图；
图7本申请实施例提供的另一种能量变换系统的示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的能量变换系统中逆变器的示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的第二接地单元的一种示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的第二接地单元的另一种示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明，若本申请实施例中有涉及方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)，则该方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，若本申请实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本申请要求的保护范围之内。
本申请实施例提供一种DC/DC变换单元，用于解决现有技术中，为了降低线损，通常会提高汇流线缆的线径而造成的线缆成本增加的问题。
参见图2，该DC/DC变换单元10，其主电路的输入端设置有第一输入端口和第二输入端口，主电路的输出端设置有第一输出端口、第二输出端口及第三输出端口；其中：
第一输入端口的电压大于第二输入端口的电压；第一输出端口的电压为正电压，第二输出端口的电压调节目标为零，第三输出端口的电压为负电压。也即，DC/DC变换单元具备三个输出端口和两个输入端口。其中，第二输出端口作为输出端零点，其电压实际上会在零附近的小范围内上下波动，其波动范围不做具体限定。
并且，至少一个输出端口直接与相应的输入端口连接，以使DC/DC变换单元的输入端和输出端串联。
该DC/DC变换单元10实现将2个端口输入的电压进行直流功率变换，变换为3个端口输出。
具体的，DC/DC变换单元10将第一输入端和第二输入端之间的电压V1，经过DC/DC变换得到一个电压V2。而且，由于DC/DC变换单元10的输入输出具备串联连接关系，使其得到的这个电压V2里，至少包括由于DC/DC变换单元10的输出电压以及电压V1的串联值，还有可能会大于这个串联值；也即，通过至少V1和V2的串联得到一个更高的输出电压，进而大大降低了输出端的传输电流。
在本实施例中，DC/DC变换单元10的输入电压和输出电压串联，提高了DC/DC变换单元10的输出电压，大大降低了其输出端传输电流和线损。
在实际应用中，DC/DC变换单元10的第一输入端口直接连接DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口。
DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口与DC/DC变换单元10的第三输出端口之间的压差，为主电路对自身输入端接收电压进行变换后得到的。
具体的，该主电路可以对自身输入接接收到的电压进行升压变换和/或降压变换，此处不做具体限定，视实际情况而定即可，均在本申请的保护范围内。
在实际应用中，该DC/DC变换单元10包括：非隔离的boost电路、buck-boost电路、buck电路和带有隔离变压器的直流变换单元中的至少一种。
也就是说，该DC/DC变换单元10可以有多种结构，比如仅包括非隔离的boost电路、buck-boost电路、buck电路和带有隔离变压器的直流变换单元中的一个；或者，非隔离的boost电路、buck-boost电路、buck电路和带有隔离变压器的直流变换单元这四种结构的任意组合。此处不对DC/DC变换单元10的选型做具体限定，视实际情况而定即可，均在本申请的保护范围内。
此时，由于DC/DC变换单元10仅用于产生升压后的下半部分电压，且功率接近光伏汇流箱20输入功率的一半，因此增加的设备成本低、变换简单。
可选的，DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口的电压，大于等于自身的第一输入端口的电压；也即，该DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口的电压可以 等于自身的第一输入端口的电压，如DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口直接与自身的第一输入端口相连；或者，DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口通过相应的模块连接DC/DC变换单元10的第一输入端口，以使该DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口电压大于自身的第一输入端口的电压。
DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口直接与自身的第一输入端口相连时，主电路只用于对自身输入端接收的电压进行变换，得到DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口与DC/DC变换单元10的第三输出端口之间的压差，如图3中所示的111。
而DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口间接连接DC/DC变换单元10的第一输入端口时，该主电路包括：第一变换电路(如图4中所示的111)和第二变换电路(如图4中所示的112)。
该第一变换电路的输入端和第二变换电路的输入端，并联连接至主电路的输入端。
该DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口与DC/DC变换单元10的第三输出端口之间的压差，为第一变换电路对自身输入端接收电压进行变换后得到的。
DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口与DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口之间的压差，为第二变换电路对自身输入端接收电压进行变换后得到的。
在实际应用中，第一变换电路和第二变换电路分别包括：非隔离的boost电路、buck-boost电路、buck电路和带有隔离变压器的直流变换单元中的至少一种。
在实际应用中，DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口的电压与第三输出端口的电压，可以关于自身的第二输出端口对称。
在本实施例中，DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口电压，大于等于自身的第一输入端口的电压，使得DC/DC变换单元10输出的电压能够大于等于V1+V2，进而确保其输出电压得到升高。
根据上述说明可知，DC/DC变换单元10包括：boost电路、buck-boost电路、buck电路和带有高频隔离变压器的直流变换单元中的至少一种。该DC/DC变换单元10的具体结构此处不再一一赘述，只要其能够实现对输入电 压的抬升变换功能即可，均在本申请的保护范围内。
具体的，DC/DC变换单元10中可以是第一输入端口不参与变换，直接与相应输出端口连接，通过功率变换得到0、-V2，DC/DC变换单元10仅包括buck-boost电路111时其电路图如图3所示，图3所示结构仅仅是一个例子，其他多电平buck-boost电路111也可以，主要用于完成-V2电压的变换。DC/DC变换单元10也可以是非隔离电路，如图4所示；还可以是隔离电路，如图5所示，这两个结构下通过功率变换能够得到+V2、0、-V2。
下面对DC/DC变换单元10仅包括buck-boost电路111，DC/DC变换单元10包括boost电路112和buck-boost电路111，以及，DC/DC变换单元10包括直流变换单元，这三种情况分别进行说明：
(1)、如图3所示，DC/DC变换单元10仅包括buck-boost电路111时：
buck-boost电路111的输入端正极连接DC/DC变换单元10的第一输入端口；buck-boost电路111的输入端负极连接DC/DC变换单元10的第二输入端口。
buck-boost电路111的输出端正极连接DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口；buck-boost电路111的输出端负极连接DC/DC变换单元10的第三输出端口；DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口连接buck-boost电路111的输入端正极。
在实际应用中，该buck-boost电路111包括：第一二极管D1、第一电感L1、第一电容C1和至少一个第一开关管Q1，以使buck-boost电路111实现对输入电压的升压和降压变换功能。
具体的，第一开关管Q1的一端作为buck-boost电路111的输入端正极、同时连接DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口和DC/DC变换单元10的第一输入端口；第一开关管Q1的另一端与第一电感L1的一端和第一二极管D1的阴极相连；第一二极管D1的阳极与第一电容C1的一端相连，连接点作为buck-boost电路111的输出端负极、连接DC/DC变换单元10的第三输出端口；第一电感L1的另一端与第一电容C1的另一端相连，连接点作为buck-boost电路111的输出端正极和输入端负极、分别连接DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口和第二输入端口。
(2)、如图4所示，DC/DC变换单元10包括boost电路112和buck-boost电路111时：
buck-boost电路111的输入端正极和boost电路112的输入端正极均连接DC/DC变换单元10的第一输入端口；buck-boost电路111的输入端负极和boost电路112的输入端负极均连接DC/DC变换单元10的第二输入端口。
buck-boost电路111的输出端正极和boost电路112的输出端负极，均连接DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口；buck-boost电路111的输出端负极连接DC/DC变换单元10的第三输出端口；boost电路112的输出端正极连接DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口。
在实际应用中，buck-boost电路111包括：第一二极管D1、第一电感L1、第一电容C1和至少一个第一开关管Q1，以使buck-boost电路111实现对输入电压的升压和降压变换功能；其中：第一开关管Q1的一端作为buck-boost电路111的输入端正极、连接DC/DC变换单元10的第一输入端口；第一开关管Q1的另一端与第一电感L1的一端和第一二极管D1的阴极相连；第一二极管D1的阳极与第一电容C1的一端相连，连接点作为buck-boost电路111的输出端负极、连接DC/DC变换单元10的第三输出端口；第一电感L1的另一端与第一电容C1的另一端相连，连接点作为buck-boost电路111的输出端正极和输入端负极、分别连接DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口和DC/DC变换单元10的第二输入端口。
该boost电路112包括：第二二极管D2、第二电感L2、第二电容C2和至少一个第二开关管Q2，以使boost电路112实现对输入电压的降压变换功能；其中：第二开关管Q2的一端和第二电容C2的一端相连，连接点作为boost电路112的输入端负极和输出端负极、连接DC/DC变换单元10的第二输入端口和DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口。第二开关管Q2的另一端分别与第二二极管D2的阳极和第二电感L2的一端相连；第二电感L2的另一端作为boost电路112的输入端正极、连接DC/DC变换单元10的第一输入端口；第二二极管D2的阴极与第二电容C2的另一端相连，连接点作为boost电路112的输出端正极、连接DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口。
(3)、如图5所示，直流变换单元包括：输入电容Cvin、输出电容Cout、 桥式电路(包括如图5所示的Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4)、感抗容抗器CL和高频变压器T；其中：
输入电容Cvin、输出电容Cout、桥式电路(包括如图5所示的Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4)、感抗容抗器CL和高频变压器T结合，以使直流变换单元实现对输入电压的升压或降压变换功能。
具体的，输入电容Cvin的两端分别与桥式电路的直流侧正负极相连，桥式电路的直流侧正极与DC/DC变换单元10的第一输入端口，桥式电路的直流侧负极与DC/DC变换单元10的第二输入端口；桥式电路的交流侧一端通过感抗容抗器CL与高频变压器T中的原边绕组一端相连；桥式电路的交流侧另一端与原边绕组另一端相连。该桥式电路包括4个开关管；第一个开关管Q1的一端和第三个开关管Q3的一端相连，连接点作为桥式电路的直流侧正极，第一个开关管Q1的另一端与第二个开关管Q2的一端相连，连接点作为桥式电路的交流侧一端、通过感抗容抗器CL与高频变压器T中的原边绕组一端相连；第二个开关管Q2的另一端和第四个开关管Q4的一端相连，连接点作桥式电路的直流侧负极，第三个开关管Q3的另一端和第四个开关管Q4的另一端相连，连接点作为桥式电路的交流侧一端，与高频变压器T中的原边绕组另一端相连。
高频变压器T中的副边绕组两端与输出电容Cout的两端分别相连，连接点分别作为DC/DC变换单元10的第三输出端口和第二输出口。
DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口与DC/DC变换单元10的第二输入端口相连；DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口连接DC/DC变换单元10的第一输入端口。
需要说明的是，DC/DC变换单元10的具体结构，不仅限于图3、图4和图5所示结构，其他结构及其连接关系此处不再一一赘述，只要能够满足以使所DC/DC变换单元10以2个输入端口和3个输出端口，且DC/DC变换单元10的输入端和相应输出端之间至少存在一个直接连接即可，均在本申请的保护范围内。
在本实施例中，通过DC/DC变换单元10提高汇流后的工作电压，使得同等功率下电流变小，线缆损耗降低，线缆线径要求降低，线缆及附属部分成本 降低。由其是图4所示的结构中，其输出端正极电压大于输入端正极电压，相比图3和图5，更是进一步降低了其输出端的传输电流和线损。
本申请另一实施例提供了一种能量变换系统，参见图2，包括：至少一个直流输入源30(图2以光伏发电单元为例进行展示)和至少一个如上述任一实施例所述的DC/DC变换单元10。
DC/DC变换单元10的输入端直接或间接与相应的直流输入源30相连。
具体的，直流输入源30为光伏发电单元和储能单元中的至少一种，此处不在一一赘述直流输入电30的种类，视实际情况而定即可，均在本申请的保护范围内。
各个DC/DC变换单元10的输入端所连接的直流输入源相同；或者，存在至少两个DC/DC变换单元10的输入端所连接的所述直流输入源不相同，也就是说，各个DC/DC变换单元10的输入端所连接的直流输入源可以相同，也可以不相同，此处不做具体限定，视实际情况而定即可，均在本申请的保护范围内。
DC/DC变换单元10的输出端直接或间接连接能量变换系统的输出端。
实际应用中，该能量变换系统还可以包括：至少一个逆变器40。
该DC/DC变换单元10通过相应的线缆，与逆变器40的直流侧相连；逆变器40的交流侧与能量变换系统的输出端相连，该能量变换系统的输出端可以通过变压器与电网相连，也可以通过充电枪为电动汽车供电。该能量变换系统的输出端的连接关系此处不做具体限定，视实际情况而定即可，均在本申请的保护范围内。
在实际应用中，在逆变器的个数为1个时，参见图6或图7：DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口通过正线连接逆变器40的直流侧正极；DC/DC变换单元10的第三输出端口通过负线连接逆变器40的直流侧负极。
逆变器40的直流侧包括三个端口或两个端口；并且，逆变器40的直流侧包括两个端口时，设置于该逆变器40内部的直流侧中点通过设置于逆变器40内部的第一接地单元接地(未进行图示)；当逆变器40的直流侧包括三个端口时，设置于其外部的直流侧中点通过设置于其外部的第一接地单元接地(如图 7所示)，或者，DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口通过零线连接逆变器40的直流侧中点(如图6所示)。逆变器40的直流侧端口个数不同的两种情况下，两种第一接地单元的作用和结构可以相同，只是设置位置不同，此次不做具体限定，能够使逆变器40的直流侧中点实现接地连接即可。
在逆变器的个数为2，分别为第一逆变器40和第二逆变器40时，参见图8：DC/DC变换单元10的第一输出端口通过正线连接第一逆变器40的直流侧正极；第一逆变器40的直流侧负极和第二逆变器40的直流侧正极相连，DC/DC变换单元10的第三输出端口通过负线连接第二逆变器40的直流侧负极；此时，逆变器40为两端口逆变器。
第一逆变器40的直流侧负极和第二逆变器40的直流侧正极的连接点，通过第一接地单元接地，或者，通过零线连接DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口。
在实际应用中，能量变换系统还包括：至少一个汇流箱20；各个汇流箱20分别设置于DC/DC变换单元10的输入端与相应的直流输入源30之间。
该DC/DC变换单元10的具体工作过程和原理，详情参见任一实施例提供的DC/DC变换单元10，此处不再一一赘述，均在本申请的保护范围内。
值得说明的是，根据图1所示的结构，可以通过提高汇流箱20的输出电压，使得同样功率下，降低输出电流，一种方案是汇流箱20内增加DC/DC单元，提高输出电压，另一种可以在汇流箱20内有DC/DC单元的基础上，再串联一个DC/DC单元，进一步提高电压，但是这样会极大的提高功率变换的成本。
而本实施例中，该DC/DC变换单元10独立于汇流箱20，且一个DC/DC变换单元10可以与多个汇流箱20对应，进而降低能量转换系统的硬件成本，同时，DC/DC变换单元10的输出端通过相应的线缆与逆变器40的直流侧相连，实现低成本、低线损的远距离传输。
实际应用中，该汇流箱20也可以是不包括DC/DC变换模块的普通汇流箱。当然，该汇流箱20中也可以还包括至少一路DC/DC变换模块，以在DC/DC变换单元10之前对相应直流输入源30实现一级电压变换。此处不做具体限定，视实际情况而定即可，均在本申请的保护范围内。
实际应用中，为了减小DC/DC变换单元10中第二输出端口的电压波动情况，使其尽量稳定于零，本实施例在上述任一实施例的基础之上，参见图6或图7，该DC/DC变换单元10还可以包括：第二接地单元12。
该第二接地单元12用于实现DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口与大地等电位之间的耦合连接或解耦断开；也即，通过控制第二接地单元12使得DC/DC变换单元10的零线与大地同电位。
在实际应用中，第二接地单元12可以包括功率半导体管、电感、变压器、继电器、电阻等，其结构有多种，此处不一一赘述，下面针对两种情况进行举例说明：
(1)、参见图9，第二接地单元12包括：开关电源E、阻抗Z单元、第三二极管和第三电容。
开关电源E的输入端正极与DC/DC变换单元10的第一输入端口相连；开关电源E的输入端负极与DC/DC变换单元10的第二输入端口相连；开关电源E的输出端正极与第三电容的一端相连，连接点依次通过阻抗Z单元和第三二极管连接DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口；开关电源E的输出端负极与第三电容的另一端相连，连接点接大地等电位。
可选的，该开关电源E包括串联连接的储能元件和开关管。
(2)、参见图10，第二接地单元12包括：可控开关S1。DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口通过可控开关S1接大地等电位。具体的，可控开关S1的一端与DC/DC变换单元10的第二输出端口相连，可控开关S1的另一端连接大地等电位。
DC/DC变换单元10通过对输入电压V1的功率变换，实现升压，输出对称的两个电压V2，因为零线电位与大地相同，且V2低于系统电压，因此可以保证工作电压不超过系统电压。V1电压通过DC/DC变换单元10升压后，对于相同功率下汇流输出的电流大幅降低。经过长距离传输，如果线缆不变时，可以大大降低线损；如果载流量不变，可以大大降低线径要求，降低成本。因为零线始终保证与大地等电位，因此并没有增加线缆的绝缘成本，实现了最大化利用。
在本实施例中，通过DC/DC变换单元10内的第二接地单元12使DC/DC 变换单元10的第二输出端口电位与大地等电位，使得即使汇流母线输出的差模电压升高时，每根输出端对地电压仍然在系统电压范围内，保证绝缘安全。
实际应用中，该直流输入源30还可以是AC/DC变换单元。此时，DC/DC变换单元10的输出端直接或间接连接能量变换系统的输出端。
具体的，该AC/DC变换单元的直流侧与DC/DC变换单元10的输入端相连；AC/DC变换单元的交流侧与电网或风力发电单元相连。
在AC/DC变换单元的交流侧连接电网时，该能量变换系统的应用场景可以是充电桩，这时候该DC/DC变换单元10的输出端可以直接作为能量变换系统的输出端，也即其应用场景为直流充电场景；当然，该DC/DC变换单元10的输出端通过逆变器40连接能量变换系统的输出端，比如交流充电场景。
在AC/DC变换单元连接风力发电单元时，该能量变换系统的应用场景可以是风力发电系统，此时该DC/DC变换单元10的输出端通过逆变器40连接能量变换系统的输出端。该能量变换系统的应用场景，此处不做具体限定，视实际情况而定即可，均在本申请的保护范围内。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是在本申请的发明构思下，利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种DC/DC变换单元，其特征在于，其主电路的输入端设置有第一输入端口和第二输入端口，所述主电路的输出端设置有第一输出端口、第二输出端口及第三输出端口；其中：
    所述第一输入端口的电压大于所述第二输入端口的电压；
    所述第一输出端口的电压为正电压，所述第二输出端口的电压调节目标为零，所述第三输出端口的电压为负电压；
    并且，至少一个输出端口直接与相应的输入端口连接，以使所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端和输出端串联。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的DC/DC变换单元，其特征在于，所述第二输出端口直接与所述第二输入端口相连。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的DC/DC变换单元，其特征在于，所述第二输出端口与所述第三输出端口之间的压差，为所述主电路对自身输入端接收电压进行变换后得到的。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的DC/DC变换单元，其特征在于，包括：非隔离的boost电路、buck-boost电路、buck电路和带有隔离变压器的直流变换单元中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的DC/DC变换单元，其特征在于，所述第一输出端口的电压，大于等于所述第一输入端口的电压。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的DC/DC变换单元，其特征在于，所述第一输出端口的电压与所述第三输出端口的电压关于所述第二输出端口对称。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的DC/DC变换单元，其特征在于，所述第一输出端口直接连接所述第一输入端口，以使所述第一输出端口的电压等于所述第一输入端口的电压；
    所述第一输出端口间接连接所述第一输入端口，以使所述第一输出端口的电压大于所述第一输入端口的电压。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的DC/DC变换单元，其特征在于，所述第一输出端口间接连接所述第一输入端口时，所述主电路包括：第一变换电路和第二变 换电路；
    所述第一变换电路的输入端和所述第二变换电路的输入端，并联连接至所述主电路的输入端；
    所述第二输出端口与所述第三输出端口之间的压差，为所述第一变换电路对自身输入端接收电压进行变换后得到的；
    所述第一输出端口与所述第二输出端口之间的压差，为所述第二变换电路对自身输入端接收电压进行变换后得到的。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的DC/DC变换单元，其特征在于，所述第一变换电路和所述第二变换电路分别包括：非隔离的boost电路、buck-boost电路、buck电路和带有隔离变压器的直流变换单元中的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的DC/DC变换单元，其特征在于，所述主电路包括：所述buck-boost电路；
    所述buck-boost电路的输入端正极连接所述第一输入端口；
    所述buck-boost电路的输入端负极连接所述第二输入端口；
    所述buck-boost电路的输出端正极连接所述第二输出端口；
    所述buck-boost电路的输出端负极连接所述第三输出端口。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的DC/DC变换单元，其特征在于，所述第一变换电路包括：所述buck-boost电路，所述第二变换电路包括：所述boost电路；
    所述buck-boost电路的输入端正极和所述boost电路的输入端正极均连接所述第一输入端口；
    所述buck-boost电路的输入端负极和所述boost电路的输入端负极均连接所述第二输入端口；
    所述buck-boost电路的输出端正极和所述boost电路的输出端负极连接所述第二输出端口；
    所述buck-boost电路的输出端负极连接所述第三输出端口；
    所述boost电路的输出端正极连接所述第一输出端口。
  12. 一种能量变换系统，其特征在于，包括：至少一个直流输入源，以及，至少一个如权利要求1-11任一项所述DC/DC变换单元；
    所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端直接或间接与相应的所述直流输入源相 连；
    所述DC/DC变换单元的输出端直接或间接连接能量变换系统的输出端。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，还包括至少一个逆变器；
    所述DC/DC变换单元的输出端通过相应的线缆，与所述逆变器的直流侧相连；
    所述逆变器的交流侧连接所述能量变换系统的输出端。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，在所述逆变器的个数为1时：
    所述DC/DC变换单元的第一输出端口通过正线连接所述逆变器的直流侧正极；
    所述DC/DC变换单元的第三输出端口通过负线连接所述逆变器的直流侧负极。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，所述逆变器的直流侧包括三个端口或两个端口；
    所述逆变器的直流侧包括两个端口时，设置于所述逆变器内部的直流侧中点通过设置于所述逆变器内部的第一接地单元接地；
    所述逆变器的直流侧包括三个端口时，设置于所述逆变器外部的直流侧中点通过设置于所述逆变器外部的第一接地单元接地，或者，所述DC/DC变换单元的第二输出端口通过零线连接所述逆变器的直流侧中点。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，在所述逆变器的个数为2，分别为第一逆变器和第二逆变器时：
    所述DC/DC变换单元的第一输出端口通过正线连接所述第一逆变器的直流侧正极；
    所述第一逆变器的直流侧负极和所述第二逆变器的直流侧正极相连；
    所述DC/DC变换单元的第三输出端口通过负线连接所述第二逆变器的直流侧负极。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，所述第一逆变器的直流侧负极和所述第二逆变器的直流侧正极的连接点，通过第一接地单元 接地，或者，通过零线连接所述DC/DC变换单元的第二输出端口。
  18. 根据权利要求12-17任一项所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，还包括：第二接地单元；
    所述第二接地单元用于实现所述DC/DC变换单元的第二输出端口与大地等电位之间的耦合连接或解耦断开。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，所述第二接地单元包括：开关电源、阻抗单元、第三二极管和第三电容；
    所述开关电源的输入端正极连接所述DC/DC变换单元的第一输入端口；
    所述开关电源的输入端负极连接第二输入端口；
    所述开关电源的输出端正极与所述第三电容的一端相连，连接点依次通过所述阻抗单元和所述第三二极管连接所述DC/DC变换单元的第二输出端口；
    所述开关电源的输出端负极与所述第三电容的另一端相连，连接点接所述大地等电位。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，所述开关电源包括：串联连接的储能元件和开关管。
  21. 根据权利要求18所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，所述第二接地单元包括：可控开关；
    所述第二输出端口通过所述可控开关接所述大地等电位。
  22. 根据权利要求12-17任一项所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，还包括：至少一个汇流箱；
    各个汇流箱分别设置于所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端与相应的所述直流输入源之间。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，所述汇流箱中还包括至少一路DC/DC变换模块，以在所述DC/DC变换单元之前实现一级电压变换。
  24. 根据权利要求12-17任一项所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，所述直流输入源为光伏发电单元、AC/DC变换单元和储能单元中的至少一种。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，各个所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端所连接的所述直流输入源相同，或者，存在至少两个所述 DC/DC变换单元的输入端所连接的所述直流输入源不相同。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的能量变换系统，其特征在于，所述AC/DC变换单元的直流侧与所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端相连；
    所述AC/DC变换单元的交流侧连接电网或风力发电单元。
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