WO2023273008A1 - 一种充电柜、电池包及充电系统 - Google Patents

一种充电柜、电池包及充电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023273008A1
WO2023273008A1 PCT/CN2021/123456 CN2021123456W WO2023273008A1 WO 2023273008 A1 WO2023273008 A1 WO 2023273008A1 CN 2021123456 W CN2021123456 W CN 2021123456W WO 2023273008 A1 WO2023273008 A1 WO 2023273008A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charge
state
charging
battery pack
battery packs
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/123456
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王义昌
林全喜
朱建华
万明
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to DE212021000310.9U priority Critical patent/DE212021000310U1/de
Priority to CN202180009066.5A priority patent/CN115152122A/zh
Priority to ZA2022/06249A priority patent/ZA202206249B/en
Priority to US17/951,460 priority patent/US20230043269A1/en
Publication of WO2023273008A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023273008A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of charging cabinets, in particular to a charging cabinet, a battery pack and a charging system.
  • two-wheeled electric vehicles With the aggravation of energy shortage and environmental pollution problems in modern society, the application of two-wheeled electric vehicles is becoming more and more extensive.
  • the main application scenarios of two-wheeled electric vehicles include but are not limited to personal use, shared travel, food delivery and express delivery.
  • the battery pack As the main component of the two-wheeled electric vehicle, the battery pack is used to provide the required electric energy for the motor of the two-wheeled electric vehicle. How to charge the battery pack conveniently, quickly and safely is one of the main problems faced by electric two-wheelers.
  • Shared power exchange refers to the use of charging cabinets to charge multiple battery packs in a concentrated manner. When the battery pack is insufficient, the user can go to the charging cabinet to replace a battery pack with sufficient power. The charging cabinet can also charge the low-power battery pack replaced by the user, which is convenient, fast and safe.
  • Charging rate is a measure of charging speed, which refers to the current value required by the battery pack to charge to its rated capacity within a specified time. The higher the charge rate, that is, the greater the current for charging the battery pack, the shorter the time it takes for the battery pack to charge to its rated capacity.
  • a fixed charging rate is generally adopted.
  • the business demand for shared power exchange has obvious fluctuations with the change of region and time.
  • the use of a fixed charging rate has poor adaptability to business demand fluctuations. During peak business periods, users often need to wait for a long time for the battery pack to be fully charged. The situation reduces the convenience of shared power exchange. Although increasing the charging rate can reduce the charging time of the battery pack and relieve business pressure, it will significantly increase the pressure on the AC grid and reduce the stability of the AC grid.
  • the present application provides a charging cabinet, a battery pack and a charging system, which can reduce the impact on the AC power grid while improving the adaptability to business demand fluctuations.
  • the present application provides a charging cabinet, which includes a power conversion circuit, an input interface, and a plurality of output interfaces.
  • the input interface is used to connect to the AC power grid, and each output interface in the multiple output interfaces is used to connect to a battery pack in the multiple battery packs.
  • the multiple output interfaces are connected to the output ends of the power conversion circuit.
  • the input end of the power conversion circuit is connected to the input interface.
  • the power conversion circuit is used to charge each battery pack after converting the alternating current provided by the alternating current grid into direct current within the first period of time, so that the state of charge of each battery pack in the plurality of battery packs is at least two of the following: Any one of the states of charge: the first state of charge or the second state of charge, and maintain the number of battery packs in each state of charge of the at least two states of charge not changing within the first time period.
  • the number of battery packs in each of the above at least two states of charge is at least one.
  • the first state of charge is 1, that is, the battery pack in the first state of charge is fully charged;
  • the second state of charge is smaller than the first state of charge, that is, the battery pack in the first state of charge is not fully charged .
  • the plurality of battery packs being charged in the charging cabinet are in at least two states of charge, and the above at least two states of charge include at least the first state of charge and the second state of charge.
  • the first state of charge is 1, and the battery in the first state of charge is used to meet the current business needs, and the user can directly replace the battery pack in the first state of charge with a battery pack that is exhausted.
  • the battery pack in the first state of charge is replaced with an exhausted battery pack
  • the battery pack in the second state of charge is charged to reach the first state of charge and waits to be used, while the discharged battery pack is charged Until the second state of charge is reached, the number of battery packs in each state of charge remains constant.
  • the battery pack in the second state of charge will be fully charged after the battery pack in the first state of charge is replaced, so even if the charging cabinet uses a higher charging rate to When the battery pack is being charged, compared with the current solution of charging all the battery packs in the charging cabinet at all times, the solution provided by this application reduces the number of fully charged battery packs in the charging cabinet, thus reducing the charging power of the charging cabinet. While improving the adaptability to business demand fluctuations, it can also reduce the impact on the AC power grid.
  • the power conversion circuit charges the battery packs whose state of charge is lower than the second state of charge among the plurality of battery packs to the second state of charge, which is less than the charge rate when charging the battery packs of the plurality of battery packs to the second state of charge.
  • the power conversion circuit charges the discharged battery pack to the second charging state with a smaller charging rate, which reduces the charging power of the charging cabinet, and the power conversion circuit charges the battery pack from the second charging state with a larger charging rate. State charging to the first state of charge, and then quickly meet the business needs of battery pack replacement.
  • the power conversion circuit is also used to charge each battery pack after converting the alternating current provided by the alternating current grid into direct current when it is not in the first period of time, so that the state of charge of each battery pack is uniform. is the first state of charge.
  • the first time period is the peak load period of the power grid. When it is not in the first time period, that is, it is in the low power consumption period of the power grid at this time. small.
  • the charging cabinet makes full use of the power during the low load period of the AC grid to alleviate the power consumption pressure during the peak load period of the AC grid.
  • the initial battery packs in the charging cabinet are all fully charged. On the one hand, it can quickly meet The demand for battery pack replacement business, on the other hand, can also reduce the initial charging power of the charging cabinet during the peak load period of the AC grid, thereby reducing the impact on the AC grid.
  • the charging cabinet is specifically configured to determine the quantity of battery packs in each state of charge according to the expected replacement quantity of battery packs.
  • the expected replacement quantity of battery packs is used to characterize the demand for battery pack replacement business. The more battery packs are expected to be replaced, the greater the demand for battery pack replacement business; the smaller the number of battery packs expected to be replaced, the smaller the demand for battery pack replacement business. That is to say, the solution of this application adjusts the number of battery packs in each state of charge according to the demand of the battery pack replacement business, so as to better match the demand of the battery pack replacement business.
  • the charging cabinet further includes a network interface, the network interface is used to connect to the server, and the charging cabinet obtains the estimated replacement quantity of the battery pack through the server. So that the charging cabinet can automatically update the estimated replacement quantity of the battery pack to better match the needs of the battery pack replacement business.
  • the charging cabinet can also obtain the time period corresponding to the peak load of the AC power grid through the server, that is, obtain the above-mentioned first time period.
  • the number of battery packs in the second state of charge among the plurality of battery packs is negatively correlated with the expected number of battery packs to be replaced.
  • the number of battery packs in the first state of charge among the plurality of battery packs is positively correlated with the expected replacement quantity of the battery packs.
  • the greater the business demand for battery pack replacement the greater the number of battery packs corresponding to the first state of charge area among multiple battery packs, and the greater the number of fully charged battery packs in the charging cabinet.
  • the fully charged battery pack can be directly replaced to better match the needs of the battery pack replacement business.
  • the power conversion circuit is also used to adjust the charging rate when charging multiple battery packs, so as to better match the needs of the battery pack replacement business, while minimizing the impact on the AC power grid.
  • the power conversion circuit charges the battery packs whose state of charge is lower than the second state of charge among the plurality of battery packs to the second state of charge.
  • the charging rate when the power conversion circuit charges the battery pack in the second state of charge among the plurality of battery packs to the first state of charge is positively correlated with the expected replacement quantity of the battery packs.
  • the expected replacement quantity of battery packs is used to characterize the demand for battery pack replacement business.
  • the battery pack is charged at a higher charging rate to meet business needs; the smaller the number of battery packs is expected to be replaced, it represents the battery pack replacement business.
  • the smaller the demand, the battery pack is charged at a smaller charging rate to reduce the impact on the AC grid.
  • the power conversion circuit charges the battery packs whose state of charge is lower than the second state of charge among the plurality of battery packs to the second state of charge at a gradually decreasing charging rate, and charges the battery pack at a gradually decreasing charging rate.
  • the charging rate is to charge the battery pack whose state of charge is the second state of charge among the plurality of battery packs to the first state of charge. It is possible to avoid damage to the battery pack during continuous charging with a large charging current while meeting the battery pack replacement business needs in the current time period.
  • the power conversion circuit charges the battery packs whose state of charge is lower than the second state of charge among the plurality of battery packs to the second state of charge at a gradually increasing charging rate, and charges the battery pack at a gradually increasing charge rate.
  • the large charge rate charges the battery pack whose state of charge is the second state of charge among the plurality of battery packs to the first state of charge. It is possible to avoid damage to the battery pack during continuous charging with a large charging current while meeting the battery pack replacement business needs in the current time period.
  • the at least two states of charge further include a third state of charge, and the third state of charge is greater than the second state of charge and smaller than the first state of charge.
  • the charging cabinet further includes a first controller.
  • the first controller is used to obtain detection information sent by the second controller of each battery pack in the plurality of battery packs, and control the power conversion circuit according to the detection information.
  • the detection information represents the state of charge of the corresponding battery pack.
  • the first controller is further configured to, according to the states of charge of the battery packs in the plurality of battery packs, and the number of battery packs in each state of charge in at least two states of charge , to determine the number of battery packs to be charged.
  • the charging rate when the power conversion circuit charges the battery packs whose state of charge is lower than the second state of charge among the plurality of battery packs to the second state of charge is positively related to the number of battery packs to be charged; the power conversion circuit will The charge rate at which the battery packs whose state of charge is the second state of charge among the battery packs is charged to the first state of charge is positively correlated with the number of battery packs to be charged.
  • the charging cabinet can adjust the charging rate according to the actual progress of the battery pack replacement business.
  • the charging cabinet can charge the battery pack at a large charging rate and quickly restore the number of battery packs in each state of charge.
  • the charging cabinet can charge the battery pack at a small charging rate , reducing the impact on the grid.
  • the power conversion circuit includes an AC/DC conversion circuit and multiple DC/DC conversion circuits.
  • the input end of the AC/DC conversion circuit is the input end of the power conversion circuit, and the output end of the AC/DC conversion circuit is connected to the input ends of multiple DC/DC conversion circuits.
  • the output end of each DC/DC conversion circuit in the multiple DC/DC conversion circuits is used to connect to one of the output interfaces.
  • Each DC/DC conversion circuit in the multiple DC/DC conversion circuits converts the DC power to DC and then outputs it through a correspondingly connected output interface.
  • the first controller controls the AC/DC conversion circuit and multiple DC/DC conversions according to the detection information, so as to adjust the charging rate when charging each battery pack.
  • the charging cabinet itself includes a DC/DC conversion circuit. Regardless of whether the charged battery pack includes a DC/DC conversion circuit, the charging cabinet can output the DC power required for battery pack charging, and has wide adaptability.
  • the battery pack includes a DC/DC conversion circuit and a second controller, and the power conversion circuit is an AC/DC conversion circuit.
  • the output end of the AC/DC conversion circuit is used to connect the input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit of each battery pack.
  • the first controller is used to control the AC/DC conversion circuit according to the detection information, and send a corresponding control signal to the second controller of each battery pack in each plurality of battery packs, so that each battery pack in the plurality of battery packs
  • the second controller controls the corresponding DC/DC conversion circuit according to the control signal.
  • the charging cabinet does not need to be equipped with a DC/DC conversion circuit, which reduces the hardware cost and power of the charging cabinet, and facilitates the maintenance of the charging cabinet.
  • the DC/DC conversion circuit of the battery pack fails, only the battery pack needs to be replaced. That is, the charging cabinet does not need to be shut down for maintenance, and the charging cabinet can continue to charge other normal battery packs.
  • the first time period is a time period corresponding to a peak load of the power grid.
  • the first time period may be preset, or the charging cabinet acquires the first time period through the server.
  • the present application also provides a battery pack, which is charged by the charging cabinet provided in the above implementation manner, and the battery pack includes a DC/DC conversion circuit, a battery cell, and a second controller.
  • the input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit is used to connect to one output interface of the multiple output interfaces of the charging cabinet.
  • the DC/DC conversion circuit is used to convert the obtained DC power to charge the battery cell after DC conversion.
  • the second controller is used to send detection information representing the state of charge of the battery pack to the charging cabinet.
  • the battery pack includes a DC/DC conversion circuit, which can adjust the current for charging the battery cells. Therefore, the charging cabinet for charging the battery pack does not need to be equipped with a DC/DC conversion circuit, thereby reducing the hardware cost and power of the charging cabinet. , It is also convenient to maintain the charging cabinet.
  • the second controller is further configured to control the DC/DC conversion circuit according to the obtained control signal, so as to adjust the charging rate when charging the battery cell.
  • the present application also provides a battery pack charging system, including a battery pack and a charging cabinet.
  • the battery pack includes a DC/DC conversion circuit.
  • the charging cabinet may include a DC/DC conversion circuit, or may not include a DC/DC conversion circuit.
  • the battery pack does not include a DC/DC conversion circuit, and at this time, the charging cabinet includes a DC/DC conversion circuit.
  • the multiple battery packs in the charging cabinet are in at least two states of charge, and the at least two states of charge include a first state of charge and a second state of charge.
  • the first state of charge is 1, and the battery in the first state of charge is used to meet the current battery replacement business needs. Users can directly replace the battery pack in the first state of charge with an exhausted battery pack. When the battery pack in the first state of charge is replaced with a battery pack that is exhausted, the battery pack in the second state of charge is charged to reach the first state of charge, and the battery pack that is discharged is charged until it reaches the second state of charge. Two states of charge to maintain a constant number of battery packs in each state of charge.
  • the battery pack in the second state of charge will be fully charged after the battery pack in the first state of charge is replaced, otherwise it only needs to be maintained in the second state of charge. Even if the charging cabinet charges the battery pack at a higher charging rate during the peak load of the AC power grid, compared with the current solution of always fully charging all the battery packs in the charging cabinet, the number of fully charged batteries in the charging cabinet is reduced. Therefore, the charging power of the charging cabinet is reduced. While improving the adaptability to business demand fluctuations, it can also reduce the impact on the AC power grid.
  • Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic graph of the relationship between charging current and time
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging system where a charging cabinet is provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a first schematic diagram of the battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application when it is in different states of charge;
  • FIG. 4 is a second schematic diagram of the battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application when it is in different states of charge;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram 3 when the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application is in different states of charge;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram 4 when the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application is in different states of charge
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram five of the battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application when it is in different states of charge;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram 6 of the battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application when it is in different states of charge;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram 7 of the battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application when it is in different states of charge;
  • FIG. 10 is the first relationship between charging current and time provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is the second relationship between charging current and time provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is the third relationship between charging current and time provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a charging system where a charging cabinet is provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of another charging system where the charging cabinet is provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • this figure is a schematic graph showing the relationship between charging current and time.
  • the charging process of the charging cabinet to the battery pack is mainly divided into three stages: the trickle charging stage during 0 ⁇ t1, the constant current charging stage during t1 ⁇ t2, and the constant voltage charging stage during t2 ⁇ t3.
  • the trickle charging stage is a low-voltage pre-charging stage, which is used to protect the battery pack.
  • the charging current in the trickle charging stage is small and the charging time is short.
  • the charging current value in the trickle charging stage shown in the figure is 0.1C.
  • C Capacity, capacity
  • 1C represents the current value required to charge the battery pack from a fully discharged state to a fully charged state in one hour.
  • the power of the battery pack can be characterized by the state of charge (SOC).
  • SOC refers to the ratio of the remaining power of the battery pack to the power when the battery pack is fully charged. The value ranges from 0 to 1. When the SOC is 0, It indicates that the battery pack has been fully discharged. When the SOC is 1, it indicates that the battery pack is fully charged. Therefore, 1C can also represent the current value required to charge the battery pack from a fully discharged state to an SOC of 1 in one hour.
  • the specific charging current value represented by 1C is related to the capacity of the battery pack. For example, for a battery pack with a capacity of 20 ampere hours (Ampere-hour, Ah), the charging current value represented by 0.1C is 2A, and the charging current value represented by 1C is 20A. For a battery pack with a capacity of 10Ah, the charging current value represented by 0.1C is 1A, and the charging current value represented by 1C is 10A.
  • the constant current charging stage during t1 ⁇ t2 uses a fixed charging current value, that is, a fixed charging rate to charge the battery pack.
  • the charging current value is fixed at 1C as an example, but it can also be fixed at other values in practice.
  • the time length of the constant current charging phase is negatively correlated with the charging current value (that is, the charging rate).
  • the duration of the constant current charging phase occupies the main body of the charging time of the battery pack, that is, the length of the constant current charging process of the battery pack mainly determines the length of the charging time of the battery pack.
  • the demand for battery pack replacement business fluctuates significantly with changes in regions and time, and the method of using a fixed charging rate is poorly adaptable to fluctuations in the demand for battery pack replacement business.
  • the charging rate when charging the battery pack is generally increased, that is, the charging current in the constant current charging stage is increased.
  • this method will significantly increase the power when charging the battery pack.
  • the AC Grid stress reduces the stability of the AC grid.
  • the application provides a charging cabinet, a battery pack and a charging system.
  • Each battery pack in a plurality of battery packs charged in the charging cabinet is in at least two charging states, and the above at least two charging states
  • the state includes a first state of charge and a second state of charge, the first state of charge is 1, the second state of charge is smaller than the first state of charge, and is in each of the above at least two states of charge
  • the number of battery packs in the state is at least one.
  • the battery pack in the first state of charge is used to be directly replaced to meet business needs.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, “connection” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; it can be a direct connection, or Can be connected indirectly through intermediaries.
  • the present application provides a charging cabinet for charging a battery pack, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It can be understood that, for the application scenario of the technical solution of the present application, the fully charged battery pack in the charging cabinet is always replaced with a discharged battery pack, that is, before and after the battery pack replacement business, the battery connected in the charging cabinet The total number of packs remains unchanged, and the following description will be made by taking the number of battery packs connected in the charging cabinet as an example before and after the battery pack replacement service is performed.
  • FIG. 2 this figure is a schematic diagram of a charging system in which a charging cabinet is provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging system includes a charging cabinet 10 and a plurality of battery packs 20 .
  • the charging cabinet 10 includes: a power conversion circuit 101 , an input interface 102 and a plurality of output interfaces 103 .
  • the input interface 102 is used to connect the AC grid 30
  • each output interface 103 is used to connect a battery pack 20 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the number of output interfaces 103 included in one charging cabinet 10 .
  • the input end of the power conversion circuit 101 is connected to the input interface 102 , and the output end of the power conversion circuit 101 is connected to each output interface 103 .
  • the power conversion circuit 101 is used to convert the AC power provided by the AC grid 30 into DC power to charge each battery pack 20 .
  • the charging cabinet 10 can accommodate 12 battery packs as an example below. That is, the charging cabinet 10 includes 12 output interfaces, which can charge 12 battery packs at the same time. When the number of battery packs accommodated in the charging cabinet is not The principle at 12 o'clock is similar, and will not be described again in this embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram 1 when the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application is in different states of charge
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram 2 when the battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application is in different states of charge.
  • the power conversion circuit charges each battery pack so that the state of charge of each battery pack is any one of the following at least two states of charge: the first state of charge or the second state of charge .
  • the first time period in the embodiment of the present application is when the load of the AC power grid is at a peak time.
  • the first time period can be preset, and the first time period can be adjusted and modified according to actual conditions.
  • 3 and 4 show schematic diagrams including two states of charge, and the number of battery packs in each state of charge is at least one.
  • the state of charge of the battery pack in the first state of charge is 100%, that is, it is fully charged, so that it can be replaced and used directly.
  • the state of charge of the battery pack in the second state of charge is relatively low, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the second state of charge, for example, the second state of charge is 10%.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the number of battery packs in the first state of charge and the number of battery packs in the second state of charge.
  • the number of battery packs in the first state of charge in FIG. 3 is 4,
  • the number of battery packs in the second state of charge is eight.
  • the number of battery packs in the first state of charge is eight, and the number of battery packs in the second state of charge is four.
  • the number of battery packs in the first state of charge and the number of battery packs in the second state of charge can be determined by the expected replacement quantity of battery packs, which represents the business demand for battery pack replacement. Size, the higher the number of battery packs expected to be replaced, the higher the business demand for battery pack replacement, and the greater the number of battery packs in the first state of charge at this time. Then the expected replacement quantity of battery packs corresponding to FIG. 4 is greater than the expected replacement quantity of battery packs corresponding to FIG. 3 .
  • the battery pack in the first state of charge When the battery pack in the first state of charge is replaced with an exhausted battery pack, the battery pack in the second state of charge is charged to reach the first state of charge, and the charging cabinet charges the exhausted battery pack to The state of charge of the battery pack is brought to the second state of charge to maintain the number of battery packs in each state of charge.
  • the number of battery packs in each state of charge is kept constant, which is the desired state to be achieved during the continuous replacement of battery packs in the charging cabinet.
  • users replace unused battery packs with fully charged ones.
  • the number of battery packs actually in the first state of charge may be greater than the number of battery packs in the first state of charge area that is expected to be maintained. At this time, the battery cabinet will not maintain the first state of charge.
  • the battery pack in the second state of charge will not be charged to the first state of charge until the battery pack in the first state of charge is replaced; otherwise, only the second state of charge needs to be maintained.
  • the second state of charge is lower than the first state of charge, so even if the charging cabinet charges the battery packs at a higher charging rate during the peak load of the AC power grid, compared with the current situation where all the battery packs in the charging cabinet are always fully charged
  • the scheme reduces the number of fully charged battery packs maintained in the charging cabinet, and can meet the business needs of battery pack replacement while reducing the charging power of the charging cabinet, thereby reducing the impact on the AC power grid.
  • the charging rate can be the same or different.
  • the following describes the implementation method when the charging rate is different.
  • the power conversion circuit of the charging cabinet charges the discharged battery pack to The charging rate in the second state of charge is the first charging rate.
  • the charging rate when charging the state of charge of the battery pack from the second state of charge to the first state of charge is the second charging rate, and the second charging rate is greater than the first charging rate.
  • the power conversion circuit of the charging cabinet is not in the first period of time, that is, it is not in the peak load of the AC grid, but in the AC grid
  • the AC power provided by the AC grid is converted into DC power to charge each battery pack, so that each battery pack is in the first state of charge, that is, each battery pack is fully charged.
  • the initial battery packs in the charging cabinet are all fully charged. On the one hand, it can quickly meet the needs of the battery pack replacement business, and on the other hand, it can also reduce the initial load of the charging cabinet during the peak load period of the AC grid. Charging power, thereby reducing the impact on the AC grid.
  • the state of charge of the battery pack is one of the first state of charge or the second state of charge as an example. In practical applications, the state of charge of the battery pack can also be in other state of charge areas. The following Be specific.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram III of the battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application when it is in different states of charge.
  • the different states of charge shown include a first state of charge, a second state of charge, and a third state of charge.
  • the third state of charge is greater than the second state of charge and smaller than the first state of charge. Since the third state of charge is greater than the second state of charge, the time it takes for the charging cabinet to charge the battery pack from the third state of charge to the first state of charge is less than that of the battery pack with the same charging rate
  • the scheme shown in Figure 5, compared with Figure 4 shortens the time required to fully charge the battery pack when the business demand for battery pack replacement is greater .
  • the battery pack in the third state of charge can be charged to the first state of charge with a larger charging rate for standby, and the battery pack in the second state of charge
  • the battery pack in the charged state is charged to reach the third state of charge, and the charging cabinet charges the discharged battery pack to the second state of charge area, thereby maintaining the number of battery packs in each state of charge unchanged.
  • the charging rate for the battery pack from the third state of charge to the first state of charge is the first charge rate
  • the charge rate for the battery pack to be charged from the second state of charge to the state of charge area is the second rate.
  • Charging rate, the charging rate of the battery pack from the fully discharged state to the second charging state is the third charging rate, then the first charging rate is greater than the second charging rate, the second charging rate is greater than the third charging rate, and then can While quickly meeting the needs of the battery pack replacement business, the charging power of the charging cabinet is further reduced, thus further reducing the impact on the AC power grid.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram 4 of the battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application when it is in different states of charge.
  • the different states of charge illustrated also include a number of intermediate states of charge.
  • the multiple intermediate states of charge are larger than the second state of charge and smaller than the first state of charge, and the multiple intermediate states of charge present a step distribution from low to high.
  • the first time period may include the time period when the business demand for battery pack replacement is high, the time period when the business demand for battery pack replacement is normal, and the time period when the business demand for battery pack replacement is small.
  • the number of state-of-charge battery packs can be adjusted. In order to better match the requirements of the battery pack replacement business in the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application, the number of battery packs in each state of charge changes as the demand for the battery pack replacement business changes, which will be described in detail below.
  • the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application uses the expected replacement quantity of battery packs to characterize the demand for battery pack replacement business. The more battery packs are expected to be replaced, the greater the demand for battery pack replacement business; the smaller the number of battery packs expected to be replaced, the smaller the demand for battery pack replacement business.
  • the charging cabinet can count the actual number of battery pack replacements in each time period in the previous historical period, obtain the battery pack replacement number corresponding to each time period by means of averaging, and use the actual replacement number of the battery pack The average value is used as the expected replacement quantity of battery packs, that is, the estimated replacement quantity of battery packs corresponding to different business demand time periods is obtained.
  • the charging cabinet has recorded the actual number of battery pack replacements during the peak hours of battery pack replacement business demand every day in the past 30 days, and the average value of the actual replacement numbers of 30 battery packs is used as the peak time period of battery pack replacement business demand The corresponding number of battery packs is expected to be replaced, and the charging cabinet can also update the expected number of battery packs replaced every day.
  • the charging cabinet further includes a network interface, and the network interface is used to connect to the server, so that the charging cabinet can automatically obtain and update the expected replacement quantity of battery packs corresponding to each time period through the server.
  • the charging cabinet can also obtain the time period corresponding to the peak load of the AC grid through the server, that is, obtain the first time period.
  • the charging cabinet determines the expected number of battery packs to be replaced, it further determines the number of battery packs corresponding to different states of charge.
  • the corresponding relationship between the number of battery packs corresponding to different states of charge and the expected number of battery packs to be replaced is pre-calibrated and stored, for example, it can be stored in the form of a data table or a functional relational expression.
  • the embodiment of the present application is here Not specifically limited.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 Please also refer to the schematic diagrams of the battery pack in different states of charge shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 .
  • Figure 7 shows the distribution of the number of battery packs in each state of charge during the period when the business demand for battery pack replacement is low;
  • Figure 8 shows the distribution of the number of battery packs in each state of charge during the period when the business demand for battery pack replacement is normal;
  • the number of battery packs in different states of charge is related to the expected number of battery pack replacements. Specifically, the number of battery packs in the second state of charge is negatively correlated with the expected number of battery packs to be replaced; the number of battery packs in the first state of charge is positively correlated with the expected number of battery packs to be replaced. That is, the greater the business demand for battery pack replacement, the greater the number of battery packs corresponding to the first state of charge area, and the greater the number of fully charged battery packs in the charging cabinet.
  • the number of battery packs in the intermediate state of charge may remain unchanged, or may be negatively correlated with the expected number of battery packs to be replaced, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application compared with the current solution of charging all the battery packs in the charging cabinet at all times, the number of fully charged battery packs maintained in the charging cabinet is reduced, thus reducing The charging power of the charging cabinet is improved, while improving the adaptability to business demand fluctuations, it can also reduce the impact of the charging cabinet on the AC power grid.
  • the charging cabinet can not only adjust the number of battery packs in each state of charge according to the business demand for battery pack replacement, but also adjust the charging rate of the charging cabinet when charging the battery pack according to the business demand for battery pack replacement.
  • the state of charge area corresponding to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is taken as an example below for description.
  • FIG. 10 is the first relationship diagram between charging current and time provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging rate of the power conversion circuit of the charging cabinet when charging the battery pack is positively related to the expected replacement quantity of the battery pack, that is, it is positively related to the business demand for battery pack replacement.
  • the charging cabinet charges the battery packs at a high charging rate to ensure that the battery pack replacement business needs are met.
  • the charging cabinet When the number of battery packs expected to be replaced is small, the charging cabinet will charge the battery pack to the second state of charge with the first charge rate, and the charging cabinet will charge the battery pack from the second state of charge to the first state of charge.
  • the charging rate of the electric state is the second charging rate.
  • the charging cabinet When the number of battery packs expected to be replaced is large, the charging cabinet will charge the battery pack to the second state of charge with the third charging rate, and the charging cabinet will charge the battery pack from the second state of charge to the first state of charge.
  • the charging rate in the electric state is the fourth charging rate. Then the third charging rate is greater than the first charging rate, and the fourth charging rate is greater than the third charging rate.
  • the charging rate of the power conversion circuit in the charging cabinet when charging the battery pack is positively correlated with the number of battery packs currently to be charged.
  • the charging cabinet When two fully charged battery packs are replaced, the charging cabinet will charge the two discharged battery packs to the second charge.
  • the charging rate of the charging state is the first charging rate.
  • the charging cabinet charges two battery packs in the second charging state to the charging rate of the first charging state.
  • the charging rate is the second charging rate.
  • the current number of battery packs to be charged is four. ;
  • the charging cabinet When the three fully charged battery packs are replaced, the charging cabinet will charge the three discharged battery packs to the second charging rate for the third charging rate, and the charging cabinet will charge the three
  • the charging rate for charging the battery packs in the second state of charge to the first state of charge is the fourth charging rate, and the current number of battery packs to be charged is six.
  • the third charging rate is greater than the first charging rate
  • the fourth charging rate is greater than the third charging rate, so as to restore the quantity of the battery packs in each state of charge faster.
  • the charging rate of the battery packs in the charging cabinet can be adjusted, and then the charging rate in Figure 11 or Figure 12 may show a step change scene, and the charging rate is specific to the battery pack to be charged.
  • the quantity is positively correlated.
  • the corresponding relationship between the charging rate and the number of battery packs to be charged is pre-calibrated and stored, for example, in the form of a data table or in the form of a functional relationship, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging cabinet can determine the number of battery packs to be charged according to the state of charge of each battery pack and the number of battery packs in each state of charge.
  • the charging rate of the power conversion circuit in the charging cabinet when charging the battery pack is adjustable. Specifically, in order to meet the battery pack replacement business needs in the current time period, and to avoid damage to the battery pack when continuously charged with a large charging current, the charging rate of the battery in the charging cabinet is gradually reduced. For example, in the figure, the battery pack is charged at a higher charging rate, and then the battery pack is charged at a gradually decreasing charging rate according to the gradient.
  • the charging rate of the power conversion circuit in the charging cabinet when charging the battery pack is adjustable. Specifically, in order to meet the battery pack replacement business needs in the current time period, and to avoid damage to the battery pack when continuously charged with a large charging current, the charging rate of the battery in the charging cabinet is gradually increased. For example, the power conversion circuit of the charging cabinet first charges the battery pack at a lower charging rate, and then charges the battery pack at a gradually increasing charging rate according to the gradient.
  • Battery packs can be divided into smart battery packs and non-smart battery packs.
  • the smart battery pack includes a DC/DC conversion circuit, which has the ability to adjust the current for charging its own batteries
  • the non-smart battery pack includes a DC/DC conversion circuit, which can only passively use the external input current to charge its own batteries.
  • FIG. 13 this figure is a schematic diagram of a charging system where a charging cabinet is provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power conversion circuit of the charging cabinet 10 specifically includes an AC (Alternating Current, AC)/Direct Current (Direct Current, DC) conversion circuit 101a and a plurality of DC/DC conversion circuits 101b.
  • the charging cabinet 10 also includes a first controller 102 .
  • the input end of the AC/DC conversion circuit 101a is the input end of the power conversion circuit, and the output end of the AC/DC conversion circuit 101a is connected to the input ends of multiple DC/DC conversion circuits 101a.
  • each DC/DC conversion circuit 101b is used to connect to an output interface.
  • the DC/DC conversion circuit 101b is configured to perform DC conversion on the obtained DC power and output it through a corresponding output interface.
  • the battery pack 20 connected to the output interface of the charging cabinet is a non-intelligent battery pack, including a battery cell 201 and a second controller 202 .
  • the battery cell 201 is used to store electricity.
  • the second controller 202 is used for communicating with the first controller 201 , the second controller 202 can detect the state of charge of the battery cell 201 , and send detection information representing the detection result of the state of charge to the first controller 201 .
  • Power transmission and signal transmission can be performed between the charging cabinet and each battery pack through the corresponding output interface.
  • Power transmission means that the charging cabinet charges the battery pack
  • signal transmission means that the first controller 102 of the charging cabinet can obtain the first data of the battery pack in real time.
  • the detection information sent by the controller 202 representing the state of charge of the battery pack.
  • the first controller 102 determines the current state of charge of the corresponding battery pack according to the acquired detection information representing the state of charge of the battery pack.
  • the first controller 102 and each second controller 202 of the embodiment of the present application can be an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), a programmable logic device (Programmable Logic Device, PLD), a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP) or a combination thereof.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • the above PLD can be Complex Programmable Logic Device (Complex Programmable Logic Device, CPLD), Field Programmable Logic Gate Array (Field-programmable Gate Array, FPGA), Generic Array Logic (Generic Array Logic, GAL) or any combination thereof.
  • the embodiment of the application does not specifically limit this.
  • the AC/DC conversion circuit 101a and the DC/DC conversion circuit 101b include a power switching device, and the power switching device may be an insulated gate bipolar transistor (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT), a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor, MOSFET) or silicon carbide field effect transistor (Silicon Carbide Metal Oxide Semiconductor, SiC MOSFET), etc., which are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor
  • SiC MOSFET silicon carbide field effect transistor
  • the first controller 102 controls the AC/DC conversion circuit and the power switching devices in the plurality of DC/DC conversions, so as to adjust the charging rate when charging each battery pack.
  • the first controller 102 is further configured to determine the number of battery packs to be charged according to the state of charge of each battery pack and the number of battery packs in each state of charge.
  • the following describes how the charging cabinet charges the smart battery pack.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of another charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power conversion circuit of the charging cabinet 10 specifically includes an AC/DC conversion circuit 101a.
  • the charging cabinet 10 also includes a first controller 102 .
  • the input end of the AC/DC conversion circuit 101 a is the input end of the power conversion circuit, and the output end of the AC/DC conversion circuit 101 a is connected to each output interface of the charging cabinet 10 .
  • the battery pack 20 connected to the output interface of the charging cabinet is an intelligent battery pack.
  • the battery pack 20 includes a DC/DC conversion circuit 101 a , a battery cell 201 and a second controller 202 .
  • the battery cell 201 is used to store electricity.
  • the input terminal of the DC/DC conversion circuit 101a is used to connect the output interface of the charging cabinet, the output terminal of the DC/DC conversion circuit 101b is connected to the battery cell, and the DC/DC conversion circuit 101b is used to convert the obtained DC power into a battery cell 201 charging.
  • the second controller 202 is used to communicate with the first controller 201 , detect the state of charge of the battery cell 201 , and send detection information representing the detection result of the state of charge to the first controller 201 .
  • the second controller 202 is also used to control the working state of the corresponding DC/DC conversion circuit 101b.
  • Power transmission and signal transmission can be performed between the charging cabinet 10 and each battery pack through the corresponding output interface.
  • Power transmission means that the charging cabinet transmits DC power to each battery pack
  • signal transmission means that the first controller 102 of the charging cabinet can obtain the battery pack in real time.
  • the detection information sent by the second controller 202 of each battery pack, and the corresponding control signal is sent to the second controller 202 of each battery pack.
  • the first controller 102 is also used to determine the current state of charge of the battery pack corresponding to the detected information according to the acquired detection information, generate a control signal and send the control signal to the corresponding second controller 202, so that the first The second controller 202 controls the corresponding DC/DC conversion circuit 101b according to the control signal.
  • the first controller 102 is further configured to determine the number of battery packs to be charged according to the state of charge of each battery pack and the number of battery packs in each state of charge.
  • the charging cabinet adopts the implementation method shown in Figure 14, compared with the implementation method shown in Figure 13, it avoids setting up a DC/DC conversion circuit on the side of the charging cabinet, reduces the hardware cost and power of the charging cabinet, and facilitates the charging cabinet.
  • the DC/DC conversion circuit of the battery pack fails, only the battery pack needs to be replaced, and the charging cabinet does not need to be shut down for maintenance, and the charging cabinet can continue to charge other normal battery packs.
  • the charging cabinet shown in FIG. 13 can also charge the battery pack 20 (ie, the smart battery pack) shown in FIG. 14 , that is, the adaptation of the charging cabinet shown in FIG. 13 This is because the charging cabinet shown in Figure 13 itself includes a DC/DC conversion circuit, and the charging cabinet can output the DC power required for charging the battery pack regardless of whether the charged battery pack includes a DC/DC conversion circuit.
  • the estimated replacement quantity of battery packs is used to indicate the size of the battery pack replacement business demand, and then the charging rate of the battery pack and the charging rate of the battery pack at each charge level are adjusted according to the fluctuation of the battery pack replacement business demand.
  • the number of battery packs in the state and the expected number of battery packs to be replaced can be determined by historical experience or big data analysis.
  • This solution responds to the power grid strategy of peak-shaving and valley-filling. As much as possible of the battery charging process is transferred from the peak load period of the AC grid to the low load period of the AC grid to minimize the impact on the AC grid.
  • the charging rate of the charging cabinet when charging the battery pack is adjustable, which can better adapt to changes in the business needs of battery pack replacement and prevent no battery packs from being available during peak business hours.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a smart battery pack, which will be described in detail below.
  • the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application is an intelligent battery pack, which can adjust the magnitude of the charging current itself.
  • the battery cell 201 is used for storing electricity.
  • the input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit 101a is connected to the output interface of the charging cabinet, the output end of the DC/DC conversion circuit 101b is connected to the battery cell, and the DC/DC conversion circuit 101b is used to DC convert the obtained DC power to charge the battery cell 201 .
  • the second controller 202 is used to control the working state of the corresponding DC/DC conversion circuit 101b, detect the state of charge of the battery cell 201 in real time, and send detection information representing the state of charge detection result to the first controller 102 .
  • the second controller 202 is also configured to receive the control signal sent by the first controller 102, and control the corresponding DC/DC conversion circuit 101b according to the control signal.
  • the battery pack includes a DC/DC conversion circuit, which can adjust the current for charging the battery cells. Therefore, the charging cabinet for charging the battery pack does not need to be equipped with a DC/DC conversion circuit, thereby reducing the hardware cost and power of the charging cabinet. , It is also convenient to maintain the charging cabinet.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery pack charging system, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 15 this figure is a schematic diagram of a battery pack charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the illustrated battery pack charging system 105 includes a charging cabinet 10 and a plurality of battery packs 20 .
  • the charging cabinet 10 is shown in FIG. 13 , and the battery pack 20 at this time may be a smart battery pack or a non-smart battery pack.
  • the charging cabinet 10 is shown in FIG. 14 , and the battery pack 20 is an intelligent battery pack at this time, which can adjust the magnitude of the charging current itself.
  • the multiple battery packs charged in the charging cabinet are in at least two states of charge, and the above at least two states of charge include the first state of charge and the second state of charge.
  • Two state of charge wherein, the first state of charge is 1, and the battery in the first state of charge is used to meet the current battery replacement service demand, and the user can directly replace the battery pack in the first state of charge with a battery pack that is exhausted.
  • the battery pack in the first state of charge is replaced with a battery pack that is exhausted
  • the battery pack in the second state of charge is charged to reach the first state of charge, and the battery pack that is discharged is charged until it reaches the second state of charge.
  • the charging cabinet can also charge the battery pack with an adjustable charging current (ie charging rate).
  • the charging cabinet adjusts the charging ratio of the charging cabinet to the battery pack according to the business demand for battery pack replacement. Specifically, the charging ratio of the charging cabinet when charging the battery pack is positively related to the expected replacement quantity of the battery pack; on the other hand, In the same business demand time period, the charging cabinet can also adjust the charging rate. Specifically, in some embodiments, the charging rate of the power conversion circuit in the charging cabinet when charging the battery pack is different from the charging rate of the battery pack currently to be charged. In some other embodiments, in order to avoid damage to the battery pack when continuously charging with a large charging current, the charging cabinet can charge the battery pack at a gradually decreasing or gradually increasing charging rate.
  • At least one (item) means one or more, and “multiple” means two or more.
  • “And/or” is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three types of relationships, for example, “A and/or B” can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist at the same time , where A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the contextual objects are an “or” relationship.
  • At least one of the following” or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items.
  • At least one item (piece) of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c ", where a, b, c can be single or multiple.
  • each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative, and the units and modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. In addition, some or all of the units and modules can also be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. It can be understood and implemented by those skilled in the art without creative effort.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种充电柜、电池包及充电系统，涉及充电柜技术领域。充电柜包括功率变换电路、输入接口和多个输出接口。功率变换电路的输入端连接输入接口。功率变换电路在第一时间段时，将交流电网提供的交流电转换为直流电后为多个电池包充电，以使多个电池包中的每个电池包的荷电状态为以下至少两个荷电状态中的任意一个：第一荷电状态或第二荷电状态，并维持处于至少两个荷电状态中的每个荷电状态的电池包的数量在第一时间段内不变，第一荷电状态为1，第二荷电状态小于第一荷电状态，处于至少两个荷电状态中的每个荷电状态的电池包的数量至少为一个。该在提升对业务需求波动的适应性的同时，能够降低对交流电网的影响。

Description

一种充电柜、电池包及充电系统
本申请要求于2021年06月28日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202121448707.0、发明名称为“一种充电柜、电池包及充电系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及充电柜技术领域，尤其涉及一种充电柜、电池包及充电系统。
背景技术
随着现代社会能源短缺和环境污染问题的加剧，两轮电动车的应用日渐广泛。两轮电动车的主要应用场景包括但不限于个人使用、共享出行、外卖配送以及快递配送等。电池包作为两轮电动车的主要组成部件，用于为两轮电动车的电机提供所需的电能。如何便捷、快速、安全地为电池包充电是电动两轮车面临的主要问题之一。
近年来，共享换电的方式得到快速发展，共享换电指利用充电柜对多个电池包进行集中的充电，用户当电池包的电量不足后前往充电柜更换一块电量足够的电池包即可，充电柜并对用户更换的电量不足的电池包进行充电，该方式方便、快捷且安全。
充电倍率是充电快慢的一种量度，指电池包在规定的时间充电至其额定容量时所需要的电流值。充电倍率越高，也即对电池包进行充电的电流越大，电池包充电至其额定容量时所需要的时间越短。目前的充电柜对电池包充电时，一般采用固定的充电倍率。而共享换电的业务需求随着区域和时间的变化有着明显的波动，采用固定的充电倍率对业务需求波动的适应性差，在业务高峰时期，往往会出现用户需要较长时间等待电池包充满电的情况，降低了共享换电的便利性。提升充电倍率，虽然能够减少电池包的充电时间，缓解业务压力，但会显著增加交流电网的压力，降低了交流电网的稳定性。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本申请提供了一种充电柜、电池包及充电系统，在提升对业务需求波动的适应性的同时，能够降低对交流电网的影响。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种充电柜，该充电柜包括功率变换电路、输入接口和多个输出接口。输入接口用于连接交流电网，多个输出接口中的每个输出接口用于连接多个电池包中的一个电池包。多个输出接口连接功率变换电路的输出端。功率变换电路的输入端连接输入接口。功率变换电路用于在第一时间段内，将交流电网提供的交流电转换为直流电后为各电池包充电，以使多个电池包中的每个电池包的荷电状态为以下至少两个荷电状态中的任意一个：第一荷电状态或第二荷电状态，并维持处于至少两个荷电状态中的每个荷电状态的电池包的数量在第一时间段内不变。处于以上至少两个荷电状态中的每个荷电状态的电池包的数量至少为一个。其中，第一荷电状态为1，也即处于第一荷电状态的电池包充满电；第二荷电状态小于第一荷电状态，也即处于第一荷电状态的电池包未充满电。
本申请实施例的方案，使充电柜中进行充电的多个电池包处于至少两个荷电状态，以上至少两个荷电状态中至少包括第一荷电状态和第二荷电状态。其中，第一荷电状态为1，处于第一荷电状态的电池用于满足当前的业务需求，用户可以直接使用电量用 尽的电池包替换处于第一荷电状态的电池包。当第一荷电状态的电池包被替换为电量用尽的电池包后，处于第二荷电状态的电池包通过充电达到第一荷电状态后等待被使用，而放完电的电池包充电至达到第二荷电状态，以维持处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量不变。利用本申请的方案，处于第二荷电状态的电池包在处于第一荷电状态的电池包被替换后才会充满电量，因此即使充电柜在交流电网负荷高峰时以较高的充电倍率对电池包进行充电时，相较于目前将充电柜内所有电池包始终充满电的方案，本申请提供的方案减少了充电柜内充满电的电池包的数量，因此降低了充电柜的充电功率，在提升对业务需求波动的适应性的同时，也能够降低对交流电网的影响。
在一种可能的实现方式中，功率变换电路将多个电池包中荷电状态低于第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第二荷电状态时的充电倍率，小于将多个电池包中荷电状态处于第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第一荷电状态时的充电倍率。
即功率变换电路以较小的充电倍率将放完电的电池包充电至第二荷电状态，降低了充电柜的充电功率，功率变换电路以较大的充电倍率将电池包由第二荷电状态充电至第一荷电状态，进而快速满足电池包更换业务需求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，功率变换电路还用于当未处于第一时间段时，将交流电网提供的交流电转换为直流电后为各电池包充电，以使各电池包的荷电状态均为第一荷电状态。其中，第一时间段为电网负荷高峰时期，当未处于第一时间段时，即此时处于电网用电低谷时期，即使充电柜维持所有电池包为满电量状态，对交流电网的影响也较小。该充电柜充分利用了交流电网负荷低谷时期的电量缓解交流电网负荷高峰时期的用电压力，待进入交流电网负荷高峰时期，充电柜内初期的电池包全部为满电量状态，一方面可以快速满足电池包更换业务的需求，另一方面也能降低充电柜在交流电网负荷高峰时期的初期的充电功率，进而降低了对交流电网的影响。
在一种可能的实现方式中，充电柜具体用于根据电池包预计更换数量，确定处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量。本申请的方案以电池包预计更换数量表征电池包更换业务的需求大小。电池包预计更换数量越多，表征电池包更换业务的需求越大；电池包预计更换数量越少，表征电池包更换业务的需求越小。也即本申请方案根据电池包更换业务的需求，调整处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量，以更好的匹配电池包更换业务的需求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，充电柜还包括网络接口，网络接口用于连接服务器，充电柜通过服务器获取电池包预计更换数量。以使充电柜可以自动更新电池包预计更换数量以更好的匹配电池包更换业务的需求。此外，充电柜还可以通过服务器获取交流电网负荷高峰对应的时间段，即获取上述第一时间段。
在一种可能的实现方式中，多个电池包中处于第二荷电状态的电池包的数量，与电池包预计更换数量负相关。多个电池包中处于第一荷电状态的电池包的数量，与电池包预计更换数量正相关。
也即电池包更换业务需求越大，多个电池包中处于第一荷电状态区对应的电池包数量越大，此时充电柜内备用的满荷电状态的电池包数量越多，而处于满荷电状态的 电池包可以直接被替换使用，以更好的匹配电池包更换业务的需求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，功率变换电路还用于调节对多个电池包充电时的充电倍率吗，以更好的匹配电池包更换业务的需求，同时尽量减小对交流电网的影响。
在一种可能的实现方式中，功率变换电路将多个电池包中荷电状态低于第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第二荷电状态时的充电倍率与电池包预计更换数量正相关，功率变换电路将多个电池包中荷电状态处于第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第一荷电状态时的充电倍率与电池包预计更换数量正相关。
该方案以电池包预计更换数量表征电池包更换业务的需求大小。电池包预计更换数量越多，表征电池包更换业务的需求越大，此时以较大的充电倍率对电池包进行充电，以满足业务需求；电池包预计更换数量越少，表征电池包更换业务的需求越小，此时以较小的充电倍率对电池包进行充电，以降低对交流电网的影响。
在一种可能的实现方式中，功率变换电路以逐渐降低的充电倍率将多个电池包中荷电状态低于第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第二荷电状态，以及以逐渐降低的充电倍率将多个电池包中荷电状态为第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第一荷电状态。可以在满足当前时间段内的电池包更换业务需求的同时，避免持续以较大的充电电流充电时损坏电池包。
在一种可能的实现方式中，功率变换电路以逐渐增大的充电倍率将多个电池包中荷电状态低于第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第二荷电状态，以及以逐渐增大的充电倍率将多个电池包中荷电状态为第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第一荷电状态。可以在满足当前时间段内的电池包更换业务需求的同时，避免持续以较大的充电电流充电时损坏电池包。
在一种可能的实现方式中，至少两个荷电状态中还包括第三荷电状态，第三荷电状态大于第二荷电状态，且小于第一荷电状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，充电柜还包括第一控制器。第一控制器用于获取多个电池包中的每个电池包的第二控制器发送的检测信息，并根据检测信息控制功率变换电路，检测信息表征对应的电池包的荷电状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一控制器还用于根据多个电池包中的电池包的荷电状态，以及处于至少两个荷电状态中的每个荷电状态的电池包的数量，确定待充电的电池包的数量。功率变换电路将多个电池包中荷电状态低于第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第二荷电状态时的充电倍率，与待充电的电池包的数量正相关；功率变换电路将多个电池包中荷电状态为第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第一荷电状态的充电倍率，与待充电的电池包的数量正相关。
此时该充电柜可以根据电池包更换业务的实际进行情况调整充电倍率，当多个满电量的电池包被置换为放完电的电池包时，由于待充电的电池包数量较多，此时充电柜能够以大充电倍率对电池包进行充电，快速恢复处于各荷电状态的电池包的数量，而当待充电的电池包数量较少时，充电柜能够以小充电倍率对电池包进行充电，减小对电网的影响。
在一种可能的实现方式中，功率变换电路包括交流/直流变换电路和多路直流/直流变换电路。交流/直流变换电路的输入端为功率变换电路的输入端，交流/直流变换电路的输出端连接多路直流/直流变换电路的输入端。多路直流/直流变换电路中的每路直流/直流变换电路的输出端，用于连接多个输出接口中的一个输出接口。多路直流/直流变换电路中的每路直流/直流变换电路将直流电进行直流变换后通过对应连接的输出接口进行输出。第一控制器根据检测信息控制交流/直流变换电路和多个直流/直流变换，以调节对各电池包进行充电时的充电倍率。
充电柜自身包括了直流/直流变换电路，无论充电的电池包是否包括直流/直流变换电路，充电柜均可以输出电池包充电所需的直流电，适配性较广。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池包包括直流/直流变换电路和第二控制器，功率变换电路为交流/直流变换电路。交流/直流变换电路的输出端用于连接各电池包的直流/直流变换电路的输入端。第一控制器用于根据检测信息控制交流/直流变换电路，以及向各多个电池包中每个电池包的第二控制器分别发送对应的控制信号，以使多个电池包中每个电池包的第二控制器根据控制信号控制对应的直流/直流变换电路。
此时的充电柜可以不设置直流/直流变换电路，降低了充电柜的硬件成本以及功率，也便于对充电柜进行维护，并且当电池包直流/直流变换电路出现故障时，仅需更换电池包即可，不需对充电柜进行停机维护，充电柜可以继续为其它正常的电池包进行充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一时间段为电网负荷高峰对应的时间段。第一时间段可以预先设定，或者，充电柜通过服务器获取该第一时间段。
第二方面，本申请还提供了电池包，该电池包通过以上实现方式提供的充电柜进行充电，电池包包括直流/直流变换电路、电芯和第二控制器。直流/直流变换电路的输入端用于连接充电柜的多个输出接口中的一个输出接口。直流/直流变换电路用于将获取的直流电进行直流变换后为电芯充电。第二控制器用于向充电柜发送表征电池包荷电状态的检测信息。
该电池包内包括直流/直流变换电路，可以调整对电芯充电的电流大小，因此为该电池包进行充电的充电柜可以不设置直流/直流变换电路，进而降低了充电柜的硬件成本以及功率，也便于对充电柜进行维护。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二控制器还用于根据获取的控制信号，控制直流/直流变换电路，以调节对电芯充电时的充电倍率。
第三方面，本申请还提供了一种电池包充电系统，包括电池包和充电柜。在一种可能的实现方式中，电池包包括直流/直流变换电路，此时充电柜可以包括直流/直流变换电路，也可以不包括直流/直流变换电路。在另一种可能的实现方式中，电池包不包括直流/直流变换电路，此时充电柜包括直流/直流变换电路。
该充电柜内的多个电池包处于至少两个荷电状态，以上至少两个荷电状态中包括第一荷电状态和第二荷电状态。第一荷电状态为1，处于第一荷电状态的电池用于满足当前的换电业务需求，用户可以直接使用电量用尽的电池包替换处于第一荷电状态的电池 包。当处于第一荷电状态的电池包被替换为电量用尽的电池包后，处于第二荷电状态的电池包通过充电以达到第一荷电状态，放完电的电池包充电至达到第二荷电状态，以维持处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量不变。因为处于第二荷电状态的电池包在处于第一荷电状态的电池包被替换后才会充满电量，否则仅需维持处于第二荷电状态。即使充电柜在交流电网负荷高峰时以较高的充电倍率对电池包进行充电时，相较于目前将充电柜内所有电池包始终充满电的方案，减少了充电柜内满荷电状态的电池包的数量，因此降低了充电柜的充电功率，在提升对业务需求波动的适应性的同时，也能够降低对交流电网的影响。
附图说明
图1为一种示意性的充电电流与时间的关系曲线图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种充电柜所在充电系统的示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图一；
图4为本申请实施例提供的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图二；
图5为本申请实施例提供的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图三；
图6为本申请实施例提供的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图四；
图7为本申请实施例提供的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图五；
图8为本申请实施例提供的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图六；
图9为本申请实施例提供的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图七；
图10为本申请实施例提供的充电电流与时间的关系图一；
图11为本申请实施例提供的充电电流与时间的关系图二；
图12为本申请实施例提供的充电电流与时间的关系图三；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种充电柜所在充电系统的示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的另一种充电柜所在充电系统的示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的一种电池包充电系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请实施例提供的技术方案，下面先介绍本申请提供的技术方案的应用场景。
参见图1，该图为一种示意性的充电电流与时间的关系曲线图。
充电柜对电池包的充电过程主要分为三个阶段：0～t1期间的涓流充电阶段，t1～t2期间的恒流充电阶段以及t2～t3期间的恒压充电阶段。
涓流充电阶段为低压预充阶段，用于保护电池包，涓流充电阶段的充电电流较小，充电时间较短。图示涓流充电阶段的充电电流值为0.1C。
其中，C(Capacity，容量)表示电池包充电时的充电电流大小。1C表示电池包1小时由放完电的状态充电至满电量状态所需的电流值。
电池包的电量可以用荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)表征，SOC指电池包的剩余电量与电池包充满电时的电量的比值，取值范围为0至1，当SOC为0时，表征电池包 已经完全放电，当SOC为1时，表征电池包已经充满电。因此1C也可以表示电池包1小时由放完电的状态充电至SOC为1时所需的电流值。
1C表示的具体充电电流值与电池包的容量相关，例如，对于容量为20安培小时(Ampere-hour，Ah)的电池包，0.1C表示的充电电流值为2A，1C表示的充电电流值为20A。对于容量为10Ah的电池包，0.1C表示的充电电流值为1A，1C表示的充电电流值为10A。
t1～t2期间的恒流充电阶段采用固定的充电电流值，即固定的充电倍率对电池包充电。图中以充电电流值固定为1C为例，实际也可以固定为其他值。恒流充电阶段的时间长度和充电电流值(也即充电倍率)负相关。
t2～t3期间的恒压充电阶段采用固定的电压对电池包充电，该过程持续时间较短。
综上，恒流充电阶段的持续时间占据电池包充电时间的主体，也即决定电池包充电时间长度的主要为电池包恒流充电过程的长度。
电池包更换业务的需求随着区域和时间的变化有着明显的波动，采用固定的充电倍率的方式对电池包更换业务的需求波动的适应性差。当处于电池包更换业务的高峰时期时，由于电池包的更换数量多，往往会出现用户需要较长时间等待电池包充满电的情况，降低共享换电的便利性，影响用户体验。为了缓解以上问题，一般会提升对电池包充电时的充电倍率，即提升恒流充电阶段的充电电流，但该方式会显著增加对电池包充电时功率，在交流电网负荷高峰时期，增加了交流电网的压力，降低了交流电网的稳定性。
为了解决以上问题，本申请提供了一种充电柜、电池包及充电系统，充电柜中进行充电的多个电池包中的每个电池包处于至少两个荷电状态，以上至少两个荷电状态中包括第一荷电状态和第二荷电状态，第一荷电状态为1，第二荷电状态小于第一荷电状态，且处于以上至少两个荷电状态中的每个荷电状态的电池包的数量至少为一个。处于第一荷电状态的电池包用于直接被替换以满足业务需求，当处于第一荷电状态的电池包被替换为电量用尽的电池包后，处于第二荷电状态的电池包充电以达到第一荷电状态后等待被使用，电量用尽的电池包充电至第二荷电状态，以维持处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量不变。利用该方案，即使充电柜在交流电网负荷高峰时以较高的充电倍率对电池包进行充电，相较于目前将充电柜内所有电池包始终充满电的方案，由于本方案减少了充电柜内满荷电状态的电池包的数量，因此降低了充电柜的充电功率，进而降低了对交流电网的影响。
本申请以下说明中的“第一”、“第二”等用词仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是直接连接，也可以通过中间媒介间接连接。
本申请提供了一种充电柜，用于对电池包进行充电，下面结合附图具体说明。可以理解的是，对于本申请技术方案的应用场景，充电柜中的充满电的电池包总是被替换为放完电的电池包，即在电池包更换业务进行前后，充电柜内连接的电池包的总数 量维持不变，并且以下面均以充电柜内连接的电池包数量在电池包更换业务进行前后维持不变为例进行说明。
参见图2，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种充电柜所在充电系统的示意图。
该充电系统包括充电柜10和多个电池包20。
其中，充电柜10包括：功率变换电路101、输入接口102和多个输出接口103。
输入接口102用于连接交流电网30，每个输出接口103用于连接一个电池包20。本申请实施例对一个充电柜10包括的输出接口103的数量不做具体限定。
功率变换电路101的输入端连接输入接口102，功率变换电路101的输出端连接各个输出接口103。功率变换电路101用于将交流电网30提供的交流电转换为直流电后为各电池包20充电。
下面说明该充电柜10的工作原理。为了方便说明，下面以充电柜10可以容纳12个电池包为例进行说明，即充电柜10包括12个输出接口，能够同时对12个电池包进行充电，当充电柜容纳的电池包数量不为12时的原理类似，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
一并参见图3和图4。其中，图3为本申请实施例提供的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图一；图4为本申请实施例提供的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图二。
在第一时间段内，功率变换电路通过为各电池包进行充电，使各电池包的荷电状态为以下至少两个荷电状态中的任意一个：第一荷电状态或第二荷电状态。本申请实施例中的第一时间段为交流电网负荷高峰时，第一时间段可以预设设定，并且第一时间段可以根据实际情况进行调整修改。
图3和图4示出了包括两个荷电状态是的示意图，处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量至少为一个。
其中，处于第一荷电状态的电池包的荷电状态为100％，即充满电量，以便于直接被替换使用。处于第二荷电状态的电池包的荷电状态较低，本申请实施例对第二荷电状态不做具体限定，例如第二荷电状态为10％。
本申请实施例对处于第一荷电状态的电池包和处于第二荷电状态的电池包的数量不做具体限定，例如图3中处于第一荷电状态的电池包的数量为4个，处于第二荷电状态的电池包的数量为8个。又例如图4中处于第一荷电状态的电池包的数量为8个，处于第二荷电状态的电池包的数量为4个。
实际应用中，处于第一荷电状态的电池包的数量和处于第二荷电状态的电池包的数量可以由电池包预计更换数量确定，该电池包预计更换数量表征了电池包更换业务需求的大小，电池包预计更换数量越高，表征电池包更换业务需求越高，此时处于第一荷电状态的电池包的数量相应越大。则图4对应的电池包预计更换数量大于图3对应的电池包预计更换数量。
当处于第一荷电状态的电池包被替换为电量用尽的电池包后，处于第二荷电状态的电池包充电以达到第一荷电状态，充电柜对电量用尽的电池包充电以使该电池包的荷电状态达到第二荷电状态，以维持处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量不变。
本申请中维持处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量不变，是在充电柜中电池包被不断更换过程中希望达到的状态，在一些情况下，例如用户用充满电的电池包替换未充满电的电池包时，可能导致实际上处于第一荷电状态的电池包的数量大于希望维持的处于第一荷电状态区的电池包的数量，此时电池柜不会为了维持处于第一荷电状态的电池包的数量而对电池包进行放电；又例如用户用荷电状态大于第二荷电状态的电池包，替换电池柜中处于第二荷电状态的电池包时，此时存在电池包的荷电状态高于第二荷电状态且低于第一荷电状态荷电状态。
本申请实施例提供的方案，处于第二荷电状态的电池包在处于第一荷电状态的电池包被替换后才会充电至第一荷电状态，否则仅需维持第二荷电状态，第二荷电状态低于第一荷电状态，因此即使充电柜在交流电网负荷高峰时以较高的充电倍率对电池包进行充电时，相较于目前将充电柜内所有电池包始终充满电的方案，减少了充电柜内维持的处于满荷电状态的电池包的数量，能够在满足电池包更换业务需求的同时，降低充电柜的充电功率，进而降低了对交流电网的影响。
充电柜将电池包充电至不同的荷电状态时的充电倍率可以相同，也可以不同，下面说明充电倍率不同时的实现方式。
在一些实施例中，当存在处于第一荷电状态的电池包被替换使用后，充电柜的功率变换电路在对放完电的电池包进行充电时，将该放完电的电池包充电至第二荷电状态时的充电倍率为第一充电倍率。将电池包的荷电状态由第二荷电状态充电至第一荷电状态时的充电倍率为第二充电倍率，该第二充电倍率大于第一充电倍率。
即以较小的充电倍率将放完电的电池包充电至第二荷电状态，以降低充电柜的充电功率，以较大的充电倍率将电池包由第二荷电状态充电至第一荷电状态，进而能够快速满足电池包更换业务需求。由此可以见，以上充电倍率可变的充电方式进一步降低了对交流电网的影响。
为了充分利用交流电网负荷低谷时期的电量缓解交流电网负荷高峰时期的用电压力，充电柜的功率变换电路当未处于第一时间段时，也即未处于交流电网负荷高峰，而是处于交流电网负荷低谷时，将交流电网提供的交流电转换为直流电后为各电池包充电，以使各电池包均处于第一荷电状态，即将各电池包均充满电量。充分利用交流电网负荷低谷时期的电量，这是因为该时间段内交流电网压力小，即使充电柜维持所有电池包为满荷电状态，对交流电网的影响也较小。待进入交流电网负荷高峰时期，充电柜内初期的电池包全部为满电量状态，一方面可以快速满足电池包更换业务的需求，另一方面也能降低充电柜在交流电网负荷高峰时期的初期的充电功率，进而降低了对交流电网的影响。
以上说明中以电池包的荷电状态为第一荷电状态或第二荷电状态中的一个为例进行说明，实际应用中，电池包的荷电状态还可以为其它荷电状态区，下面具体说明。
参见图5，该图为本申请实施例提供的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图三。
图示不同荷电状态中包括第一荷电状态、第二荷电状态和第三荷电状态。其中， 第三荷电状态大于第二荷电状态，小于第一荷电状态。由于第三荷电状态大于第二荷电状态，因此充电柜将电池包的荷电状态由第三荷电状态充电至第一荷电状态的用时，小于相同充电倍率下降电池包的荷电状态由第二荷电状态充电至第一荷电状态的用于，因此图5所示的方案与图4相比，缩短了在电池包更换业务需求较大时将电池包充满电所需的用时。
当处于第一荷电状态的电池包被替换为放完电的电池包后，处于第三荷电状态的电池包可以以较大的充电倍率充电至第一荷电状态备用，处于第二荷电状态的电池包充电至达到第三荷电状态，充电柜将该放完电的电池包充电至第二荷电状态区，进而维持处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量不变。
在一些实施例中，电池包由第三荷电状态充电至第一荷电状态的充电倍率为第一充电倍率，电池包由第二荷电状态充电至荷电状态区的充电倍率为第二充电倍率，电池包由放完电的状态充电至第二荷电状态的充电倍率为第三充电倍率，则第一充电倍率大于第二充电倍率，第二充电倍率大于第三充电倍率，进而能够在快速满足电池包更换业务需求的同时进一步降低充电柜的充电功率，因此进一步降低了对交流电网的影响。
参见图6，该图为本申请实施例提供的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图四。
图示的不同荷电状态还包括多个中间荷电状态。多个中间荷电状态大于第二荷电状态且小于第一荷电状态，多个中间荷电状态由低至高呈现阶梯分布。
一并参见图6和图5，当处于图6中的多个中间荷电状态的电池包的数量，和处于图5中的第三荷电状态的电池包数量相同时，图6所示的处于多个中间荷电状态的各电池包的平均荷电状态，和图5所示的处于第三荷电状态的各电池包的平均荷电状态相近，因此采用以上两种实现方式时，电池柜的功率相近，即降低对交流电网的影响的技术效果相近。
实际应用中，第一时间段内可以包括电池包更换业务需求大的时间段、电池包更换业务需求普通的时间段以及电池包更换业务需求小的时间段，不同业务需求时间段内，处于各荷电状态的电池包的数量可以进行调整。本申请实施例提供的方案为了更好的匹配电池包更换业务的需求，处于各荷电状态的电池包的数量随着电池包更换业务的需求变化进行变化，下面具体说明。
本申请实施例提供的方案以电池包预计更换数量表征电池包更换业务的需求大小。电池包预计更换数量越多，表征电池包更换业务的需求越大；电池包预计更换数量越少，表征电池包更换业务的需求越小。
在一些实施例中，充电柜可以统计以往历史时期的各时间段的电池包实际更换数量，通过求平均值的方式得到各时间段对应的电池包更换数量，并以该电池包实际更换数量的平均值作为电池包预计更换数量，也即得到了不同业务需求时间段对应的电池包预计更换数量。
例如，充电柜记录了过去三十天中每天的电池包更换业务需求高峰时间段内的电 池包实际更换数量，将三十个电池包实际更换数量的平均值作为电池包更换业务需求高峰时间段对应的电池包预计更换数量，充电柜还可以每天都更新电池包预计更换数量。
在另一种实现方式中，充电柜还包括网络接口，网络接口用于连接服务器，以使充电柜可以自动通过服务器获取并更新各时间段对应的电池包预计更换数量。充电柜还可以通过服务器获取交流电网负荷高峰对应的时间段，即获取第一时间段。
充电柜确定电池包预计更换数量后，进一步确定各不同荷电状态对应的电池包的数量。其中，各不同荷电状态对应的电池包的数量与电池包预计更换数量的对应关系预先标定并进行存储，例如可以以数据表的形式或者函数关系式的形式进行存储，本申请实施例在此不做具体限定。
一并参见图7至图9所示的电池包处于不同荷电状态时的示意图。其中，图7为电池包更换业务需求低谷时期各荷电状态的电池包数量分布情况；图8为电池包更换业务需求普通时期各荷电状态的电池包数量分布情况；图9为电池包更换业务需求高峰时期各荷电状态的电池包数量分布情况。
处于不同荷电状态的电池包的数量与电池包预计更换数量相关。具体为，处于第二荷电状态的电池包的数量，与电池包预计更换数量负相关；处于第一荷电状态的电池包的数量，与电池包预计更换数量正相关。也即电池包更换业务需求越大，处于第一荷电状态区对应的电池包数量越大，此时充电柜内备用的满荷电状态的电池包数量越多。
处于中间荷电状态的电池包的数量可以维持不变，或者与电池包预计更换数量负相关，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
综上所述，利用本申请实施例提供的方案，相较于目前将充电柜内所有电池包始终充满电的方案，减少了充电柜内维持的满荷电状态的电池包的数量，因此降低了充电柜的充电功率，在提升对业务需求波动的适应性的同时，也能够降低充电柜对交流电网的影响。
充电柜不仅可以根据电池包更换业务需求大小调整处于各荷电状态的电池包的数量，还可以根据电池包更换业务需求大小来调整充电柜对电池包充电时的充电倍率。下面以图3和图4对应的荷电状态区为例进行说明。
参见图10，该图为本申请实施例提供的充电电流与时间的关系图一。
充电柜的功率变换电路对电池包充电时的充电倍率，电池包预计更换数量正相关，也即与电池包更换业务需求的大小正相关。
当电池包预计更换数量多时，为了满足电池包更换业务需求，充电柜以大充电倍率对电池包进行充电，以确保满足电池包更换业务的需求，下面举例具体说明。
当处于电池包预计更换数量少的时间段时，充电柜将电池包充电至第二荷电状态的充电倍率为第一充电倍率，充电柜将电池包由第二荷电状态充电至第一荷电状态的充电倍率为第二充电倍率。当处于电池包预计更换数量多的时间段时，充电柜将电池 包充电至第二荷电状态的充电倍率为第三充电倍率，充电柜将电池包由第二荷电状态充电至第一荷电状态的充电倍率为第四充电倍率。则第三充电倍率大于第一充电倍率，第四充电倍率大于第三充电倍率。以上说明了充电柜根据电池包预计更换数量，调整充电倍率的实现方式，下面说明充电柜在同一个业务需求的时间段内调节充电倍率的实现方式。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在同一个业务需求的时间段内，充电柜中功率变换电路对电池包充电时的充电倍率与当前待充电的电池包的数量正相关，下面举例具体说明。
以当前处于电池包预计更换数量多的时间段为例进行说明，当两个满荷电状态的电池包被替换使用时，此时充电柜将两个放完电的电池包充电至第二荷电状态的充电倍率为第一充电倍率，充电柜将两个第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第一荷电状态的充电倍率为第二充电倍率，当前待充电的电池包的数量为四；当三个满荷电状态的电池包被替换使用时，此时充电柜将三个放完电的电池包充电至第二荷电状态的充电倍率为第三充电倍率，充电柜将三个第二荷电状态的电池包充电至第一荷电状态的充电倍率为第四充电倍率，当前待充电的电池包的数量为六。则第三充电倍率大于第一充电倍率，第四充电倍率大于第三充电倍率，以更快恢复处于各荷电状态的电池包的数量。
因此在电池包预计更换数量多的时间段内，充电柜对电池包的充电倍率可以调整，进而可能出现图11或图12中充电倍率呈现阶梯变换的场景，充电倍率具体与待充电的电池包的数量正相关。其中，充电倍率与待充电的电池包的数量的对应关系预先标定并进行存储，例如可以以数据表的形式或者函数关系式的形式进行存储，本申请实施例在此不做具体限定。
充电柜可以根据各电池包的荷电状态，以及处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量，确定待充电的电池包的数量。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，可以参见图11所示的充电电流与时间的关系图。在同一个业务需求的时间段内，充电柜中功率变换电路对电池包充电时的充电倍率可调。具体的，为了满足当前时间段内的电池包更换业务需求，并且避免持续以较大的充电电流充电时损坏电池包，充电柜对电池的充电倍率逐渐减小。例如，图中以较高的充电倍率对电池包进行充电，再以按照梯度逐渐降低的充电倍率对电池包进行充电。
在又一种可能的实现方式中，可以参见图12所示的充电电流与时间的关系图。在同一个业务需求的时间段内，充电柜中功率变换电路对电池包充电时的充电倍率可调。具体的，为了满足当前时间段内的电池包更换业务需求，并且避免持续以较大的充电电流充电时损坏电池包，充电柜对电池的充电倍率逐渐增大。例如，充电柜的功率变换电路先以较低的充电倍率对电池包进行充电，再以按照梯度逐渐升高的充电倍率对电池包进行充电。
以上说明了充电柜实现充电倍率调节的方式，下面具体说明充电柜和电池包的实现方式。
电池包可以分为智能电池包和非智能电池包。其中，智能电池包包括直流/直流变换电路，具备调节为自身电芯充电的电流的能力，非智能电池包包括直流/直流变换电路，只能被动利用外部输入的电流对自身的电芯进行充电。下面首先说明充电柜为非智能电池包进行充电时实现方式。
参见图13，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种充电柜所在充电系统的示意图。
此时充电柜10的功率变换电路具体包括交流(Alternating Current，AC)/直流(Direct Current，DC)变换电路101a和多个直流/直流变换电路101b。充电柜10还包括第一控制器102。
交流/直流变换电路101a的输入端为功率变换电路的输入端，交流/直流变换电路101a的输出端连接多个直流/直流变换电路101a的输入端。
每个直流/直流变换电路101b的输出端用于连接一个输出接口。
直流/直流变换电路101b用于将获取的直流电进行直流变换后通过对应的输出接口进行输出。
充电柜的输出接口连接的电池包20为非智能电池包，包括电芯201和第二控制器202。
电芯201用于存储电量。第二控制器202用于和第一控制器201通信，第二控制器202能够检测电芯201的荷电状态，并将表征检测荷电状态检测结果的检测信息发送给第一控制器201。
充电柜和各电池包之间能够通过对应的输出接口进行功率传输和信号传输，功率传输指充电柜为电池包进行充电，信号传输指充电柜的第一控制器102能够实时获取电池包的第二控制器202发送的表征电池包荷电状态的检测信息。
第一控制器102根据获取到的表征电池包荷电状态的检测信息，确定对应的电池包当前的荷电状态。
本申请实施例的第一控制器102和各第二控制器202可以为专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、可编程逻辑器件(Programmable Logic Device，PLD)、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)或其组合。上述PLD可以是复杂可编程逻辑器件(Complex Programmable Logic Device，CPLD)、现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field-programmable Gate Array，FPGA)、通用阵列逻辑(Generic Array Logic，GAL)或其任意组合，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
交流/直流变换电路101a和直流/直流变换电路101b中包括功率开关器件，功率开关器件可以为绝缘栅双极型晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT)、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor，MOSFET)或碳化硅场效应管(Silicon Carbide Metal Oxide Semiconductor，SiC MOSFET)等，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
第一控制器102控制交流/直流变换电路和所述多个直流/直流变换中的功率开关器件，以调节对各电池包进行充电时的充电倍率。第一控制器102还用于根据各电池包的荷电状态，以及处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量，确定待充电的电池包的数量。
下面说明充电柜为智能电池包进行充电时的实现方式。
参见图14，该图为本申请实施例提供的另一种充电柜所在充电系统的示意图。
此时充电柜10的功率变换电路具体包括交流/直流变换电路101a。充电柜10还包括第一控制器102。
交流/直流变换电路101a的输入端为功率变换电路的输入端，交流/变换电路101a的输出端连接充电柜10的各输出接口。
充电柜的输出接口连接的电池包20为智能电池包，此时电池包20包括直流/直流变换电路101a、电芯201和第二控制器202。
电芯201用于存储电量。直流/直流变换电路101a的输入端用于连接充电柜的输出接口，直流/直流变换电路101b的输出端连接电芯，直流/直流变换电路101b用于将获取的直流电进行直流变换后为电芯201充电。
第二控制器202用于和第一控制器201通信，以及检测电芯201的荷电状态，并将表征检测荷电状态检测结果的检测信息发送给第一控制器201。此外，第二控制器202还用于控制对应的直流/直流变换电路101b的工作状态。
充电柜10和各电池包之间能够通过对应的输出接口进行功率传输和信号传输，功率传输指充电柜向各电池包传输直流电，信号传输指充电柜的第一控制器102能够实时获取电池包的第二控制器202发送的检测信息，以及向各电池包的第二控制器202发送对应的控制信号。
第一控制器102还用于根据获取到的检测信息，确定该检测信息对应的电池包当前的荷电状态，以及生成控制信号并将控制信号发送给对应的第二控制器202，以使第二控制器202根据该控制信号控制对应的直流/直流变换电路101b。
第一控制器102还用于根据各电池包的荷电状态，以及处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量，确定待充电的电池包的数量。
当充电柜采用图14所示的实现方式时，相较于图13的实现方式，避免了在充电柜侧设置直流/直流变换电路，降低了充电柜的硬件成本以及功率，也便于对充电柜进行维护，并且当电池包直流/直流变换电路出现故障时，仅需更换电池包即可，不需对充电柜进行停机维护，充电柜可以继续为其它正常的电池包进行充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，图13中所示的充电柜也可以对图14中所示的电池包20(即智能电池包)进行充电，即图13中所示的充电柜的适配性较广，这是因为图13所示的充电柜自身包括了直流/直流变换电路，无论充电的电池包是否包括直流/直流变换电路，充电柜均可以输出电池包充电所需的直流电。
综上所述，本申请提供的技术方案，用电池包预计更换数量的大小表示电池包更换业务需求的大小，进而根据电池包更换业务需求的波动调整对电池包的充电倍率以及处于各荷电状态的电池包的数量，电池包预计更换数量的大小可以由历史经验或者大数据分析后确定，该方案响应了削峰填谷的电网策略，在满足电池包更换业务需求的前提下，将尽可能多的电池充电过程从交流电网负荷高峰时期，转移到交流电网负荷低谷时期，以最小化对交流电网的影响。同时，充电柜对电池包充电时的充电倍率 可调，能够更好的适应电池包更换业务需求的变化，防止业务高峰期无电池包可用。
本申请实施例还提供了一种智能电池包，下面具体说明。
继续参见图14，本申请实施例提供的电池包为智能电池包，自身能够调节充电电流的大小，该电池包20包括直流/直流变换电路101a、电芯201和第二控制器202。
其中，电芯201用于存储电量。
直流/直流变换电路101a的输入端连接充电柜的输出接口，直流/直流变换电路101b的输出端连接电芯，直流/直流变换电路101b用于将获取的直流电进行直流变换后为电芯201充电。
第二控制器202用于控制对应的直流/直流变换电路101b的工作状态，以及实时检测电芯201的荷电状态，并将表征荷电状态检测结果的检测信息发送给第一控制器102。
此外，第二控制器202还用于接受第一控制器102发送的控制信号，并根据该控制信号控制对应的直流/直流变换电路101b。
该电池包内包括直流/直流变换电路，可以调整对电芯充电的电流大小，因此为该电池包进行充电的充电柜可以不设置直流/直流变换电路，进而降低了充电柜的硬件成本以及功率，也便于对充电柜进行维护。
基于以上实施例提供的充电柜和电池包，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池包充电系统，下面结合附图具体说明。
参见图15，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种电池包充电系统的示意图。
图示电池包充电系统105包括充电柜10和多个电池包20。
在一种可能的实现方式中，充电柜10如图13中所示，此时电池包20可以为智能电池包，或者非智能电池包。在另一种可能的实现方式中，充电柜10如图14中所示，此时电池包20为智能电池包，自身能够调节充电电流的大小。
关于充电柜10和电池包20的具体实现方式和工作原理可以参见以上说明，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
综上所述，利用该充电柜对电池包进行充电时，充电柜中进行充电的多个电池包处于至少两个荷电状态，以上至少两个荷电状态中包括第一荷电状态和第二荷电状态。其中，第一荷电状态为1，处于第一荷电状态的电池用于满足当前的换电业务需求，用户可以直接使用电量用尽的电池包替换处于第一荷电状态的电池包。当处于第一荷电状态的电池包被替换为电量用尽的电池包后，处于第二荷电状态的电池包通过充电以达到第一荷电状态，放完电的电池包充电至达到第二荷电状态，以维持处于每个荷电状态的电池包的数量不变。因为处于第二荷电状态的电池包在处于第一荷电状态的电池包被替换后才会充满电量，否则仅需维持处于第二荷电状态。即使充电柜在交流电网负荷高峰时以较高的充电倍率对电池包进行充电时，相较于目前将充电柜内所有电池包始终充满电的方案，减少了充电柜内满荷电状态的电池包的数量，因此降低了充 电柜的充电功率，在提升对业务需求波动的适应性的同时，也能够降低对交流电网的影响。
进一步的，充电柜还能够以可调的充电电流(即充电倍率)对电池包进行充电。一方面，充电柜根据电池包更换业务需求大小，调整充电柜对电池包的充电倍率，具体的，充电柜对电池包充电时的充电倍率，与电池包预计更换数量正相关；另一方面，在相同的业务需求时间段内，充电柜也能够对充电倍率进行调节，具体的，在一些实施例中，充电柜中功率变换电路对电池包充电时的充电倍率，与当前待充电的电池包的数量正相关，在另一些实施例中，为了避免持续以较大的充电电流充电时损坏电池包，充电柜可以以逐渐降低或者逐渐升高的充电倍率对电池包进行充电。
应当理解，在本申请中，“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：只存在A，只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，“a和b”，“a和c”，“b和c”，或“a和b和c”，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中作为分离部件说明的单元及模块可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的。另外，还可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元和模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
以上仅是本申请的具体实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种充电柜，其特征在于，所述充电柜用于连接多个电池包，所述充电柜包括：功率变换电路、输入接口和多个输出接口；
    所述输入接口用于连接交流电网，所述多个输出接口中的每个输出接口用于连接所述多个电池包中的一个电池包；
    所述多个输出接口用于连接所述功率变换电路的输出端；
    所述功率变换电路的输入端用于连接所述输入接口；
    所述功率变换电路用于在第一时间段时，将所述交流电网提供的交流电转换为直流电后为所述多个电池包充电，以使所述多个电池包中的每个电池包的荷电状态为以下至少两个荷电状态中的任意一个：第一荷电状态或第二荷电状态，并维持处于所述至少两个荷电状态中的每个荷电状态的电池包的数量在所述第一时间段内不变，所述第一荷电状态为1，所述第二荷电状态小于所述第一荷电状态，处于所述至少两个荷电状态中的每个荷电状态的电池包的数量至少为一个。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述功率变换电路，将所述多个电池包中荷电状态低于所述第二荷电状态的电池包充电至所述第二荷电状态时的充电倍率，小于将所述多个电池包中荷电状态为所述第二荷电状态的电池包充电至所述第一荷电状态时的充电倍率。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述功率变换电路，还用于当未处于所述第一时间段时，将所述交流电网提供的交流电转换为直流电后为所述多个电池包充电，以使所述多个电池包的荷电状态均为所述第一荷电状态。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述充电柜，具体用于根据电池包预计更换数量，确定处于所述至少两个荷电状态中的每个荷电状态的电池包的数量。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述充电柜还包括网络接口，所述网络接口用于连接服务器，所述充电柜通过所述服务器获取所述电池包预计更换数量。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述多个电池包中处于所述第二荷电状态的电池包的数量，与所述电池包预计更换数量负相关；所述多个电池包中处于所述第一荷电状态的电池包的数量，与所述电池包预计更换数量正相关。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述功率变换电路，还用于调节对所述多个电池包充电时的充电倍率。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述功率变换电路将所述多个电池包中荷电状态低于所述第二荷电状态的电池包充电至所述第二荷电状态时的充电倍率与电池包预计更换数量正相关，所述功率变换电路将所述多个电池包中荷电状态处于所述第二荷电状态的电池包充电至所述第一荷电状态时的充电倍率与所述电池包预计更换数量正相关。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述功率变换电路用于以逐渐降 低的充电倍率将所述多个电池包中荷电状态低于所述第二荷电状态的电池包充电至所述第二荷电状态，以及用于以逐渐降低的充电倍率将所述多个电池包中荷电状态为所述第二荷电状态的电池包充电至所述第一荷电状态。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述功率变换电路用于以逐渐增大的充电倍率将所述多个电池包中荷电状态低于所述第二荷电状态的电池包充电至所述第二荷电状态，以及用于以逐渐增大的充电倍率将所述多个电池包中荷电状态为所述第二荷电状态的电池包充电至所述第一荷电状态。
  11. 根据权利要求7-10中任一项所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述充电柜还包括第一控制器：
    所述第一控制器，用于获取各所述多个电池包中的每个电池包的第二控制器发送的检测信息，并根据所述检测信息控制所述功率变换电路，所述检测信息表征对应的电池包的荷电状态。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述第一控制器，还用于根据所述多个电池包中的每个电池包的荷电状态，以及处于所述至少两个荷电状态中的每个荷电状态的电池包的数量，确定待充电的电池包的数量；
    所述功率变换电路将所述多个电池包中荷电状态低于所述第二荷电状态的电池包充电至所述第二荷电状态时的充电倍率，与所述待充电的电池包的数量正相关；所述功率变换电路将所述多个电池包中荷电状态为所述第二荷电状态的电池包充电至所述第一荷电状态的充电倍率，与所述待充电的电池包的数量正相关。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述至少两个荷电状态中还包括第三荷电状态，所述第三荷电状态大于所述第二荷电状态，且小于所述第一荷电状态。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述功率变换电路包括：交流/直流变换电路和多路直流/直流变换电路；
    所述交流/直流变换电路的输入端为所述功率变换电路的输入端，所述交流/直流变换电路的输出端连接所述多路直流/直流变换电路的输入端，所述多路直流/直流变换电路中的每路直流/直流变换电路的输出端，用于连接所述多个输出接口中的一个输出接口；
    所述多路直流/直流变换电路中的每路直流/直流变换电路，用于将直流电进行直流变换后通过对应连接的所述多个输出接口中的一个输出接口进行输出；
    所述第一控制器，具体用于根据所述检测信息控制所述交流/直流变换电路和所述多个直流/直流变换，以调节对所述多个电池包进行充电时的充电倍率。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的充电柜，其特征在于，所述多个电池包中的每个电池包均包括直流/直流变换电路和第二控制器，所述功率变换电路为交流/直流变换电路；
    所述交流/直流变换电路的输出端，用于连接各所述电池包的直流/直流变换电路的输入端；
    所述第一控制器，具体用于根据所述检测信息控制所述交流/直流变换电路，以及 向所述多个电池包中每个电池包的第二控制器分别发送控制信号，以使所述多个电池包中每个电池包的第二控制器根据所述控制信号控制对应的直流/直流变换电路。
  16. 一种电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包通过权利要求1至15中任一项所述的充电柜进行充电，所述电池包包括直流/直流变换电路、电芯和第二控制器；
    所述直流/直流变换电路的输入端用于连接所述充电柜的多个输出接口中的一个输出接口；
    所述直流/直流变换电路，用于将获取的直流电进行直流变换后为所述电芯充电；
    所述第二控制器，用于向所述充电柜发送表征电池包荷电状态的检测信息。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述第二控制器还用于根据获取的控制信号，控制所述直流/直流变换电路，以调节对所述电芯充电时的充电倍率，所述控制信号由所述充电柜的第一控制器发送。
  18. 一种电池包充电系统，其特征在于，所述电池包充电系统包括权利要求1-15中任一项所述的充电柜和权利要求16-17中任一项所述的电池包，或者，所述电池包充电系统包括电池包和权利要求1-14中任一项所述的充电柜。
PCT/CN2021/123456 2021-06-28 2021-10-13 一种充电柜、电池包及充电系统 WO2023273008A1 (zh)

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