WO2022198635A1 - 储能系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

储能系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022198635A1
WO2022198635A1 PCT/CN2021/083274 CN2021083274W WO2022198635A1 WO 2022198635 A1 WO2022198635 A1 WO 2022198635A1 CN 2021083274 W CN2021083274 W CN 2021083274W WO 2022198635 A1 WO2022198635 A1 WO 2022198635A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cluster
battery
energy storage
storage system
conversion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/083274
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴志鹏
沈衍柏
余士江
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to EP21932258.3A priority Critical patent/EP4300754A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/083274 priority patent/WO2022198635A1/zh
Priority to CN202180095280.7A priority patent/CN116941158A/zh
Publication of WO2022198635A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022198635A1/zh
Priority to US18/472,056 priority patent/US20240014667A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of battery energy storage, and in particular, to an energy storage system and a control method thereof.
  • the present application provides an energy storage system and a control method thereof, which are compatible with different rated charge and discharge rates, reduce the development cost of the energy storage system, and have strong applicability.
  • the present application provides an energy storage system, the energy storage system includes at least one battery cluster, at least two direct current DC/DC conversion modules and a control unit.
  • the output terminal of each battery cluster in the at least one battery cluster is connected to the input terminal of each DC/DC conversion module in the at least two DC/DC conversion modules through a switch, and the output terminal of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules The output is connected in parallel to the DC bus.
  • the control unit connects at least one battery cluster and each of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules through a control bus to control charging and discharging of the at least one battery cluster and control the at least two DC/DC conversion modules.
  • Each DC/DC conversion module performs DC conversion
  • the control unit is further configured to control the conduction of a switch connecting each of the at least one battery cluster to each of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules to each of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules. It is turned off to control the connection between each battery cluster in at least one battery cluster and a different number of DC/DC conversion modules, so as to control the rated charge and discharge rate of the energy storage system.
  • the above-mentioned DC/DC conversion module may be a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit.
  • the above-mentioned switch may be a circuit breaker or a contactor or the like.
  • each battery cluster included in the energy storage system can be connected to these DC/DC conversion modules, while in actual operation, the control unit controls each battery cluster and DC/DC conversion. Which of the switches connected between the modules is turned on and which is turned off is used to control the number of DC/DC conversion modules that are turned on corresponding to each battery cluster, so as to control the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the above-mentioned energy storage system is proportional to the number of DC/DC conversion modules in the energy storage system correspondingly turned on by the battery cluster.
  • nXC an integer greater than 1.
  • the specific value of X is determined by the matching of the rated capacity of the battery cluster and the rated operating power of the DC/DC conversion module. That is, the value of X is determined by the specifications of the battery cluster and the DC/DC conversion module.
  • the at least one battery cluster includes a first battery cluster; the control unit is configured to control the first battery cluster to connect to the first DC/DC converter in the at least two DC/DC conversion modules.
  • the switch of the DC conversion module is turned on, and the switches of other DC/DC conversion modules other than the first DC/DC conversion module in the first battery cluster connected to the at least two DC/DC conversion modules are controlled to be turned off, so as to control the energy storage
  • the charging and discharging current of the system is such that the rated charging and discharging rate of the energy storage system is the first rated charging and discharging rate.
  • each battery cluster included in the energy storage system is added into operation (that is, each battery cluster has a correspondingly turned-on DC/DC conversion module), then each battery cluster in the energy storage system is correspondingly turned on.
  • the number of DC/DC conversion modules is the same, and one DC/DC conversion module that is turned on can only correspond to one battery cluster.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is XC, where, The size of X is determined by the specifications of the battery cluster and the DC/DC conversion module.
  • control unit is further configured to control the first battery cluster to connect n DC/DC conversion modules in the at least two DC/DC conversion modules
  • the switch of the first battery cluster is turned on, and the switches of the first battery cluster connected to the other DC/DC conversion modules except the n DC/DC conversion modules in the at least two DC/DC conversion modules are turned off, so as to control the charging of the energy storage system.
  • the discharge current is such that the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is the second rated charge-discharge rate, wherein the n DC/DC conversion modules or other DC/DC conversion modules include a first DC/DC conversion module, and the second rated charge-discharge rate The rate is n times the first rated charge-discharge rate, where n is an integer greater than 1.
  • each battery cluster included in the energy storage system is added into operation (that is, each battery cluster has a correspondingly turned-on DC/DC conversion module), then each battery cluster in the energy storage system is correspondingly turned on.
  • the number of DC/DC conversion modules is the same, and one DC/DC conversion module that is turned on can only correspond to one battery cluster.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is nXC, where the size of X is determined by the battery cluster and the DC/DC conversion rate.
  • the specifications of the DC conversion module are determined.
  • the energy storage system includes at least two battery clusters, and the at least two battery clusters include a first battery cluster and a second battery cluster.
  • the control unit is used to control the first battery cluster to connect the switches of h DC/DC transformation modules of the at least two DC/DC transformation modules to be turned on, and to control the first battery cluster to connect to the at least two DC/DC transformation modules except h.
  • the switches of other DC/DC conversion modules other than the DC/DC conversion module are turned off, and the switches of each DC/DC conversion module in the second battery cluster connected to the at least two DC/DC conversion modules are turned off, so as to control the storage
  • the charging and discharging current of the energy system is such that the rated charging and discharging rate of the energy storage system is the target rated charging and discharging rate, and h is an integer greater than 0.
  • the battery cluster does not correspond to any one DC/DC conversion module, then by controlling each running battery cluster and the corresponding DC/DC conversion module
  • the number of /DC conversion modules is one or more, which can also control different rated charge and discharge rates of the energy storage system.
  • control unit is further configured to control the output current and the initial state of charge of each battery cluster Charge and discharge of each battery cluster to balance the remaining power of each battery cluster.
  • the control unit obtains the at least two The output current size and initial state of charge of each battery cluster in the battery cluster can control the charging and discharging of each battery cluster separately to balance the remaining power of each battery cluster, reduce the inconsistency in the charging and discharging process of each battery cluster, and avoid The battery cluster is overcharged and overdischarged.
  • each battery cluster includes at least one battery module connected in series, one battery module includes a battery management unit BMU, and the control unit passes the The control bus is connected to the BMU of each battery module in each battery cluster, and the control unit is used to obtain the initial state of charge of each battery cluster through the BMU of each battery module.
  • the BMU in each battery module in the battery cluster can be used to monitor the voltage, temperature, and initial state of charge of the battery cells in each battery module respectively, so as to realize the charge and discharge management and control of each battery cluster. control to avoid damage to the battery cluster.
  • one DC/DC conversion module in the at least two DC/DC conversion modules includes a battery control unit BCU, and the control units are connected through a control bus For each BCU in each DC/DC conversion module, the control unit is used to obtain the output current size of each battery cluster through each BCU.
  • the output current of each battery cluster is collected based on the BCU included in each DC/DC conversion module, which can be used to realize the charge and discharge management and control of each battery cluster, which is beneficial to improve the stability and reliability of the energy storage system. sex.
  • At least two DC/DC conversion modules include a battery control unit BCU, the control unit is connected to the BCU through a control bus, and the control unit is used for The BCU obtains the output current of each battery cluster.
  • the energy storage system further includes a power converter, and the input end of the power converter is connected to the DC bus, The output end of the power converter is connected to the AC bus, and the power converter is used to convert the DC power input based on the DC bus into AC power when the battery cluster is discharged, or the power converter is used to convert the AC power input based on the AC bus when the battery cluster is charged. Convert to direct current.
  • the power converter is used to convert the DC power based on the DC bus input to the AC power when the battery cluster is discharged, or the power converter is used to convert the AC power based on the AC bus input to the DC power when the battery cluster is charged, enhancing the the applicability of the energy storage system.
  • the present application provides a control method for an energy storage system, and the method is suitable for an energy storage system.
  • the energy storage system includes at least one battery cluster, at least two direct current DC/DC conversion modules and a control unit.
  • the output end of each battery cluster in the above-mentioned at least one battery cluster is connected to the input end of each DC/DC transformation module in the at least two DC/DC transformation modules through a switch, and the at least two DC/DC transformation modules
  • the output end of the battery is connected in parallel to the DC bus
  • the control unit connects at least one battery cluster and each of the two DC/DC conversion modules through the control bus.
  • the method includes: first, controlling the switch on or off of a switch connecting each of the at least one battery cluster to each of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules to control the at least one DC/DC conversion module.
  • the charging and discharging of each battery cluster is controlled according to the output current and the initial state of charge of each battery cluster, so as to balance the remaining power of each battery cluster.
  • controlling the charging and discharging of each battery cluster according to the output current and initial state of charge of each battery cluster includes: according to the output current and initial charging state of each battery cluster The state respectively controls the operating power of each DC/DC conversion module that is turned on corresponding to each battery cluster, so as to control the charging and discharging of each battery cluster.
  • each DC/DC conversion module corresponding to the conduction of each battery cluster is controlled according to the output current and the initial state of charge of each battery cluster.
  • the operating power includes: determining the first state of charge corresponding to any battery cluster according to the output current of any battery cluster and the initial state of charge. According to the first state of charge corresponding to each battery cluster, the operating power of each DC/DC conversion module that is turned on correspondingly to each battery cluster is respectively controlled, so as to control the charging and discharging of each battery cluster.
  • control unit controls the on or off of the switches connecting the DC/DC conversion modules of the battery cluster to turn on the connection between the battery cluster and one or more DC/DC conversion modules, so as to control the energy storage system.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate enables the energy storage system to be compatible with different charge-discharge rates, reduces the development cost, and has high applicability.
  • by controlling the operating power of each DC/DC conversion module corresponding to each battery cluster, to control the charging and discharging of each battery cluster the remaining power of each battery cluster can be balanced and avoid excessive battery clusters. Charging or over-discharging is beneficial to improve the stability and reliability of the energy storage system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of an energy storage system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of different rated charge-discharge rates provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another application scenario of different rated charge-discharge rates provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic structural diagram of the energy storage system provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of the energy storage system provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an energy storage system provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the control of the DC/DC conversion module provided by the present application.
  • the energy storage system provided by this application is suitable for various types of power generation equipment such as photovoltaic power generation equipment or wind power generation equipment, as well as different types of electrical equipment (such as power grid, household equipment or industrial and commercial electrical equipment), and can be applied to automobiles field, microgrid field, etc.
  • the energy storage system provided in this application is suitable for energy storage of different types of electrochemical batteries.
  • different types of electrochemical batteries may include lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries (or lead-acid batteries), lead-carbon batteries, and supercapacitors. , solid-state battery, flow battery, etc.
  • the application does not specifically limit the specific type of the battery. For the convenience of description, this application will take a lithium battery as an example to describe the energy storage system provided in this application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of an energy storage system. Among them, the energy storage system shown in Fig.
  • the 1 includes a plurality of battery clusters (battery cluster 1, battery cluster 2, ..., battery cluster m as shown in Fig. 1 ), a combiner cabinet and a power converter. Among them, multiple battery clusters are connected to the DC side of the power converter after being connected in parallel through the combiner cabinet.
  • the external battery management system (BMS) is connected to each battery cluster, the combiner cabinet and the power converter through the control bus. Among them, the BMS is used to collect the battery information of each battery cluster, and communicate with the combiner cabinet and the power converter to control the charge and discharge of the energy storage system.
  • charge-discharge rate refers to the current value required by the battery to discharge its rated capacity within a specified time, which is equal to the multiple of the battery's rated capacity in terms of data value, usually represented by the letter C.
  • the present application proposes an energy storage system, which is compatible with different rated charge and discharge rates, and realizes independent operation and management of each battery cluster in the energy storage system.
  • the energy storage system includes at least one battery cluster, at least two direct current (direct current, DC)/DC conversion modules and a control unit.
  • the control unit may be a centralized monitoring unit (centralized monitoring unit, CMU), etc., which is not limited herein.
  • the output end of each battery cluster in the above-mentioned at least one battery cluster is connected to the input end of each DC/DC transformation module in the at least two DC/DC transformation modules through a switch, and the at least two DC/DC transformation modules The outputs of the s are connected in parallel to the DC bus.
  • the above at least two DC/DC conversion modules can be integrated into one DC converter. Therefore, the parallel connection of the output ends of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules to the DC bus can be understood as: at least two DC/DC conversion modules
  • the positive poles of each DC/DC conversion module are connected in parallel respectively, and the negative poles of each DC/DC conversion module are connected in parallel respectively, so as to be connected with the DC bus as the output end of the DC converter.
  • the control unit connects at least one battery cluster and each of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules through a control bus to control charging and discharging of the at least one battery cluster and control the at least two DC/DC conversion modules.
  • Each DC/DC conversion module performs DC conversion.
  • control unit is further configured to control the switch on or off of the switch connecting each of the at least one battery cluster to each of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules, so as to control the at least one DC/DC conversion module.
  • Each battery cluster in the battery cluster is connected with a different number of DC/DC conversion modules to control the rated charge and discharge rate of the energy storage system.
  • each battery cluster included in the energy storage system is added into operation (that is, each battery cluster has a corresponding DC/DC conversion module that is turned on), then each battery cluster in the energy storage system corresponds to a conductive
  • the number of DC/DC conversion modules should be the same, and one DC/DC conversion module that is turned on corresponds to one battery cluster.
  • the control unit is configured to control the first battery cluster to connect the switch of the first DC/DC conversion module of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules to be turned on.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is set to the first rated charge-discharge rate. That is to say, when the first battery cluster turns on one DC/DC conversion module (ie, the first DC/DC conversion module), the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is XC, where the size of X is determined by the battery Specifications of clusters and DC/DC conversion modules are determined.
  • control unit is further configured to control the first battery cluster to connect the switches of n DC/DC transformation modules in the at least two DC/DC transformation modules to be turned on, and to control the first battery cluster to connect at least two DC/DC transformation modules.
  • the switches of the other DC/DC conversion modules except the n DC/DC conversion modules in the module are turned off to control the charging and discharging current of the energy storage system so that the rated charging and discharging rate of the energy storage system is the second rated charging and discharging rate , wherein the above n DC/DC conversion modules or other DC/DC conversion modules include a first DC/DC conversion module, the second rated charge and discharge rate is n times the first rated charge and discharge rate, and n is an integer greater than 1 .
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is nXC, where the size of X is determined by the specifications of the battery cluster and the DC/DC conversion modules.
  • the first DC/DC conversion module can be turned on when the On the basis of the switches, the switches corresponding to (n-1) first DC/DC conversion modules are turned on, so that the first battery cluster is connected to n DC/DC conversion modules correspondingly.
  • the switches corresponding to the first DC/DC conversion modules may be turned off first, and then the switches corresponding to the n first DC/DC conversion modules may be turned on, so that the first battery cluster is connected to n DC/DCs correspondingly.
  • the transformation module is not limited here.
  • control unit in the present application controls the connection between different battery clusters and different numbers of DC/DC conversion modules by controlling the on or off of switches connecting each battery cluster to each DC/DC conversion module. Controls the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system. For example, taking an energy storage system including a battery cluster as an example, when the battery cluster conducts a corresponding DC/DC conversion module, the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is XC, and when the battery cluster conducts n DCs correspondingly When the /DC conversion module is used, the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is nXC.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 0.5C, ..., and so on, when the battery cluster turns on n DC/DC modules correspondingly When changing modules, the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 0.25nC.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 1C, . . . and so on, when the battery cluster turns on n DC/DC conversion modules correspondingly
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 0.5nC.
  • the switch connecting the battery cluster and the DC/DC conversion module in the embodiment of the present application may be a circuit breaker or a contactor, etc., which is specifically determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited here.
  • the DC/DC conversion module is a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit, and each DC/DC conversion module in this application is the same.
  • the above-mentioned bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit may be a non-isolated bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit or an isolated bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit, etc., which is not limited herein.
  • the non-isolated bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit may include a flying capacitor multi-level circuit, a three-level BOOST circuit or a four-tube buck-boost circuit, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the switching device used in the DC/DC conversion circuit may be silicon carbide (SiC) or gallium nitride (gallium nitride) using silicon semiconductor material (silicon, Si) or the third-generation wide bandgap semiconductor material.
  • a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) made of materials such as GaN) is not limited here.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system provided by the present application.
  • the energy storage system includes a battery cluster, n DC/DC conversion modules and a control unit, where n is an integer greater than 1. That is to say, the n DC/DC conversion modules may be DC/DC conversion modules 1, . . . , DC/DC conversion modules n, respectively.
  • the output end of the battery cluster can be connected to the DC/DC conversion module 1 (DC/DC1 shown in Figure 2) through the switch K11, and the output end of the battery cluster can also be connected through the switch K12 (not shown in Figure 2 for the time being) Connect the DC/DC conversion module 2 (not shown in Fig.
  • the output end of the battery cluster can also be connected to the DC/DC conversion module n (DC/DCn shown in Fig. 2 ) through the switch K1n.
  • the control unit can connect the battery cluster and each DC/DC conversion module through the control bus. Wherein, the control unit is used to control the switch on or off of the battery cluster connecting each DC/DC conversion module to turn on the connection between the battery cluster and one or more DC/DC conversion modules, so as to control the rated charging of the energy storage system. discharge rate.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is XC
  • the control unit controls the battery cluster to conduct 2 when one DC/DC conversion module is used, the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 2XC.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of different rated charge-discharge rates provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the energy storage system includes one battery cluster and two DC/DC conversion modules (DC/DC1 and DC/DC2 shown in Figure 2).
  • DC/DC1 and DC/DC2 shown in Figure 2.
  • the control unit controls the switch K11 to be turned on and the switch K12 is turned off (as shown in (a) in FIG. 3 ), or, when the control unit controls the switch K12 to be turned on, and the switch K11 is turned off (as shown in FIG. 3 ) (b))
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is XC.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 2XC. That is to say, when the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is XC, one battery cluster in the energy storage system corresponds to a DC/DC conversion module, and when the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 2XC, the energy storage system One of the battery clusters conducts two DC/DC conversion modules correspondingly.
  • the output terminals of each battery cluster in the above at least two battery clusters can be respectively connected to the output terminals of each DC/DC conversion module through switches. input.
  • the control unit connects each battery cluster and each DC/DC conversion module through the control bus, and the control unit is used to control the on or off of the switch connecting each battery cluster to each DC/DC conversion module to turn on different battery clusters and different DC/DC conversion modules. Connection of DC/DC converter module.
  • each of the at least two battery clusters is connected to the input terminal of each of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules through a switch, and the at least two DC/DC conversion modules
  • the output of the conversion module is connected in parallel to the DC bus.
  • the control unit connects the at least two battery clusters and each of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules through a control bus to control the charging and discharging of the at least two battery clusters and control the at least two DC/DC conversion modules
  • Each DC/DC conversion module in the DC/DC conversion module performs DC conversion.
  • the control unit is further configured to control the switch on or off of the switch connecting each of the at least two battery clusters to each of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules, so as to control the at least two battery clusters
  • Each battery cluster is connected to a different number of DC/DC conversion modules to control the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system.
  • At least two battery clusters included in the energy storage system and the at least two battery clusters include a first battery cluster and a second battery cluster are taken as an example.
  • the control unit is used to control the first battery cluster to connect the switches of h DC/DC transformation modules of the at least two DC/DC transformation modules to be turned on, and to control the first battery cluster to connect to the at least two DC/DC transformation modules except h.
  • the switches of other DC/DC conversion modules other than the DC/DC conversion module are turned off, and the switch of each DC/DC conversion module in the at least two DC/DC conversion modules connected to the second battery cluster is controlled to be turned off, so that the control can be realized.
  • the charging and discharging current of the energy storage system so that the rated charging and discharging rate of the energy storage system is the target rated charging and discharging rate, and h is an integer greater than 0.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is XC.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 2XC, and the size of X is determined by the specifications of the battery cluster and the DC/DC conversion module.
  • the number of DC conversion modules is one or more, which can also control the different rated charge and discharge rates of the energy storage system.
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of the energy storage system provided by the present application.
  • the energy storage system includes m battery clusters, n DC/DC conversion modules and control units, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and n is an integer greater than 1.
  • the m battery clusters may be battery clusters 1, . . . , battery clusters m, respectively.
  • the n DC/DC conversion modules may be DC/DC conversion modules 1, . . . , DC/DC conversion modules n, respectively.
  • the output terminal of the battery cluster 1 can be connected to the DC/DC conversion module 1 through the switch K11 (DC/DC1 shown in FIG. 4 ), and the output terminal of the battery cluster 1 can also be connected through the switch K12 (not shown in FIG. 4 for the time being). out) connected to the DC/DC conversion module 2 (not shown in Figure 4), ..., the output end of the battery cluster 1 can also be connected to the DC/DC conversion module n through the switch K1n (the DC/DCn shown in Figure 4 ).
  • the output terminal of the battery cluster 2 (not shown in Figure 4) can be connected to the DC/DC conversion module 1 through the switch K21 (not shown in Figure 4), and the output terminal of the battery cluster 2 can also be connected through the switch K22 ( Figure 4).
  • the output end of the battery cluster 2 can also be connected to the DC/DC conversion module n through the switch K2n (not shown in FIG. 4).
  • the output end of the battery cluster m can be connected to the DC/DC conversion module 1 through the switch Km1
  • the output end of the battery cluster m can also be connected to the DC/DC transformation module 2 through the switch Km2, ..., the output of the battery cluster m
  • the terminal can also be connected to the DC/DC conversion module n through the switch Kmn.
  • the control unit connects each battery cluster and each DC/DC conversion module through a control bus. Wherein, the control unit is used to control the on or off of the switch connecting each battery cluster to each DC/DC conversion module to turn on the connection between different battery clusters and different DC/DC conversion modules, thereby controlling the rated power of the energy storage system Charge and discharge rate.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 2XC.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another application scenario of different rated charge-discharge rates provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the control unit controls the switch K11 to be turned on, and the switches K12, K21, and K22 are turned off, or, when the control unit controls the switch K12 to be turned on, and the switches K11, K21, and K22 are turned off, or, when the control unit controls the switch K21 On, when the switches K11, K12, K22 are off, or, when the control unit controls the switch K22 to be on, and the switches K11, K12, and K21 are off, or, when the control unit controls the switches K11, K22 to turn on, the switch K12, When K21 is turned off (as shown in (a) in Figure 5), or when the control unit controls switches K12, K21 to be turned on, and switches K11, K22 are turned off (as shown in (b) of Figure 5), The rated charge-discharge rate of the energy
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 2XC.
  • the battery cluster 1 correspondingly conducts two DC/DC conversion modules, while the battery cluster 2 does not correspond to conduction.
  • any one of the DC/DC conversion modules that is, battery cluster 2, does not operate. It can be seen from (d) in Figure (5) that when the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 2XC, the battery cluster 2 corresponds to two DC/DC conversion modules, while the battery cluster 1 does not correspond to any one of them.
  • the DC/DC conversion module that is, the battery cluster 1 does not operate.
  • the energy storage system When any one of the two battery clusters included in the energy storage system is connected to two DC/DC conversion modules correspondingly, or when each battery cluster is correspondingly connected to two different DC/DC conversion modules, the energy storage system The rated charge-discharge rate of the energy system is 2XC.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 3XC.
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 4XC.
  • the battery cluster in the energy storage system can be composed of battery modules connected in series, parallel or series-parallel, depending on the actual application scenario. OK, no restrictions here.
  • each battery cluster may include at least one battery module connected in series.
  • a battery module includes a battery monitoring unit (BMU). Therefore, the control unit can connect the BMU of each battery module in each battery cluster through the control bus, and the control unit is used to obtain the initial state of charge (SOC) of each battery cluster through the BMU of each battery module.
  • SOC initial state of charge
  • the battery modules in the same battery cluster are of the same model and initial state of charge, that is, the initial state of charge of each battery module is also the initial state of charge of the battery cluster.
  • each DC/DC conversion module in the at least two DC/DC conversion modules may include a battery control unit BCU, and the control unit is connected to each DC/DC conversion module through a control bus.
  • the control unit is used to obtain the output current size of each battery cluster through each BCU. That is to say, the BCU in this application is integrated in the DC/DC conversion module to collect the current flowing through the DC/DC battery side (that is, the output current of the battery cluster), and communicate with the BMU and the control unit, etc., Calculation of SOC and management of battery modules in each battery cluster are not limited here.
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic structural diagram of the energy storage system provided by the present application. As shown in FIG.
  • the energy storage system includes m battery clusters, n DC/DC conversion modules and control units, where m and n are both integers greater than 1.
  • the output terminals of each battery cluster in the m battery clusters are respectively connected to the input terminals of each DC/DC conversion module through switches.
  • Each of the m battery clusters includes p battery modules connected in series, where p is an integer greater than 0.
  • Each battery module includes a BMU for collecting signals such as cell voltage, temperature, initial SOC, and state of health (SOH) in the battery module.
  • Each of the n DC/DC conversion modules includes a BCU, and the BMUs included in each battery cluster are connected to the BMUs in any DC/DC conversion module through hand-in-hand communication wiring.
  • the /DC conversion module includes the BMUs that can also be connected to the control unit by hand-in-hand communication wiring. It can be understood that the communication type between the BMU, the BCU and the control unit in this application may be daisy chain, CAN or WiFi, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the control unit can estimate information such as the current state of charge of the battery cluster according to the initial state of charge collected by the BMU and the current collected by the BCU.
  • At least two DC/DC conversion modules may further include a battery control unit BCU, the control unit is connected to the BCU through a control bus, and the control unit is used to obtain the output current of each battery cluster through the BCU. size.
  • the multiple DC/DC conversion modules included in the energy storage system can also reuse a BCU, which can be used to collect the output current of each battery cluster, communicate with the BMU and the control unit, calculate the SOC, and realize the The management of the battery modules in each battery cluster is not limited here.
  • FIG. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of the energy storage system provided by the present application. As shown in FIG.
  • the energy storage system includes m battery clusters, n DC/DC conversion modules and control units, where m and n are both integers greater than 1.
  • the output terminals of each battery cluster in the m battery clusters are respectively connected to the input terminals of each DC/DC conversion module through switches.
  • Each of the m battery clusters includes p battery modules connected in series, where p is an integer greater than 0.
  • Each battery module includes a BMU to collect signals such as cell voltage, temperature, initial SOC, and SOH in the battery module.
  • the n DC/DC conversion modules multiplex one BCU, the BMUs included in each battery cluster are connected to the BMU through a hand-in-hand communication wiring mode, and the BMU is connected to the control unit through a control bus.
  • the control unit can estimate information such as the current state of charge of the battery cluster according to the initial state of charge collected by the BMU and the current collected by the BCU. It is understandable that when each DC/DC conversion module multiplexes one BCU, the BMU of each battery cluster can be connected to the BCU through a hand-in-hand communication connection. Then, the current state of charge of each battery cluster is estimated according to the output current of each battery cluster collected by the BCU and the initial state of charge of each battery cluster, so as to control the charging of each battery cluster according to the current state of charge of each battery cluster. Discharge to equalize the remaining capacity of the battery clusters. It is understandable that the BMU, BCU, control unit, etc. involved in the embodiments of this application constitute a BMS, and it is not in the related art that an external BMS is used to control the charge and discharge of the energy storage system. The integration of the system is higher and the compatibility is stronger.
  • the energy storage system may further include a power converter.
  • FIG. 8 is another schematic structural diagram of the energy storage system provided by the present application.
  • the input end of the power converter is connected to the DC bus, and the output end of the power converter is connected to the AC bus.
  • the power converter is used to convert the DC power input based on the DC bus into AC power when the battery cluster is discharged, or the power converter is used to convert the AC power based on the AC bus input to DC power when the battery cluster is charged.
  • the power converter can also connect the transformer or the grid or the AC load through the AC bus.
  • the battery cluster in the energy storage system can provide a DC input voltage to each DC/DC conversion module that is connected to the battery cluster, and each DC/DC conversion module performs power conversion on the DC input voltage and sends it to the DC/DC conversion module.
  • the power converter outputs DC power.
  • the power converter can perform power conversion on the DC power input by each DC/DC conversion module, and output AC power to the power grid or AC load (such as household equipment) to perform power conversion on the power grid or AC load. powered by.
  • the above-mentioned power converter may be a neutral point clamped T-type three-level inverter, an active neutral point clamped inverter or a flying capacitor multilevel inverter, etc., which is not limited herein. It is understandable that the energy storage system in the present application may include at least one power converter, wherein the specifications of the selected power converter may be determined according to the actual application scenario, which is not limited herein.
  • the control unit is used to control which switch connected between the battery cluster and the DC/DC conversion module is turned on and which is turned off, so as to control the number of DC/DC conversion modules that are turned on corresponding to the battery cluster,
  • the rated charge and discharge rate of the energy storage system can be controlled to meet the demand scenarios with various rated charge and discharge rates, and the development cost of energy storage systems with different rated charge and discharge rates can be reduced.
  • the energy storage system can also realize independent control of charging and discharging of each battery cluster to achieve battery balance, that is, to balance the remaining power of each battery cluster, to avoid damage to the battery due to overcharge or overdischarge of individual battery clusters, and to improve the storage capacity. system reliability and stability.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an energy storage system provided by the present application.
  • the method is applicable to energy storage systems (such as those provided in Figures 2 to 8 above).
  • the embodiment of the present application takes the energy storage system shown in FIG. 4 as an example for description.
  • the energy storage system includes at least two battery clusters, at least two direct current DC/DC conversion modules and a control unit.
  • the output terminals of each battery cluster in the above at least two battery clusters are respectively connected to the input terminals of each DC/DC conversion module through switches, the output terminals of the at least two DC/DC conversion modules are connected in parallel to the DC bus, and the control unit is connected to the DC bus through the control bus.
  • the method includes the following steps S901 to S903:
  • control unit can control the switch on or off of each battery cluster connected to each DC/DC conversion module by sending a switch control command to turn on different battery clusters and different DC/DC The connection of the transform module.
  • FIG. 5 taking two battery clusters and two DC/DC conversion modules included in the energy storage system as an example. Wherein, it is assumed that the two battery clusters are battery cluster 1 and battery cluster 2 respectively, and the two DC/DC conversion modules are DC/DC1 and DC/DC2 respectively.
  • the output terminal of the battery cluster 1 can be connected to the DC/DC conversion module 1 (DC/DC1 shown in Figure 5) through the switch K11, and the output terminal of the battery cluster 1 can also be connected to the DC/DC conversion module 1 through the switch K12.
  • DC conversion module 2 DC/DC2 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the output terminal of the battery cluster 2 can be connected to the DC/DC conversion module 1 through the switch K21 (DC/DC1 shown in Figure 5), and the output terminal of the battery cluster 2 can also be connected to the DC/DC conversion module 2 through the switch K22 (such as DC/DC2 shown in Figure 5).
  • the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 2XC.
  • the control unit may acquire the output current magnitude and initial state of charge of each battery cluster. Specifically, the control unit can collect the output current of each battery cluster through the BCU in the DC/DC conversion module, and collect the initial state of charge of each battery module through the BMU in each battery module in each battery cluster.
  • each battery cluster includes at least one battery module connected in series.
  • the battery modules in the same battery cluster are of the same model and have the same initial state of charge, that is, the initial state of charge of each battery module in the same battery cluster is equivalent to the initial charge of the battery cluster. power status. Therefore, the control unit may determine the initial state of charge of any battery module obtained through the BMU as the initial state of charge of the battery cluster.
  • the BCU in the DC/DC conversion module can be used to collect the output current of each battery cluster. Therefore, the control unit can obtain the output current of each battery cluster through each BCU.
  • the output current of each battery cluster can also be obtained based on the one BCU, which is specifically determined according to the actual application scenario, and is not limited here.
  • control unit may control the charging and discharging of each battery cluster according to the output current and initial state of charge of each battery cluster, so as to balance the remaining power of each battery cluster.
  • controlling the charging and discharging of each battery cluster according to the output current and the initial state of charge of each battery cluster can be understood as: controlling the corresponding on-state of each battery cluster according to the output current and initial state of charge of each battery cluster.
  • the operating power of the DC/DC conversion module is used to control the charging and discharging of each battery cluster.
  • the operating power of each DC/DC conversion module corresponding to each battery cluster is controlled to be turned on, which can be understood as: according to the output current of any battery cluster and the initial state of charge The state determines the first state of charge corresponding to any battery cluster. Further, according to the first state of charge corresponding to each battery cluster, the operating power of each DC/DC conversion module that is turned on correspondingly to each battery cluster is respectively controlled, so as to control the charging and discharging of each battery cluster.
  • the BMU integrated in the battery module of each battery cluster records the initial state of charge of the battery module, usually, the model and initial state of charge of the battery modules in the same battery cluster It is the same, that is, the initial state of charge of each battery module is also the initial state of charge of the battery cluster. It is understandable that the BCU in each DC/DC conversion module can independently sample the flowing current. For example, please refer to FIG. 5 together.
  • BCU1 in DC/DC1 and BCU2 in DC/DC2 can be respectively
  • the first sampling interval t1 and the second sampling interval t2 collect the currents I 1 and I 2 , and then accumulate them to calculate the change amounts ⁇ SOC1 and ⁇ SOC2 of the state of charge.
  • ⁇ SOC1 and ⁇ SOC2 satisfy:
  • N1 represents the current sampling times of BCU1
  • N2 represents the current sampling times of BCU2
  • Ah0 represents the rated capacity of the battery.
  • the energy storage system shown in Figure 5 is a 2XC system (that is, the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is 2XC), the currents sampled by BCU1 and BCU2 In fact, it comes from the same battery cluster (for example, it can be battery cluster 1 (as shown in (c) in Figure 5) or battery cluster 2 (as shown in (d) in Figure 5)), so the battery cluster
  • the calculation formula of the current state of charge is:
  • SOC represents the first state of charge
  • SOC0 is the initial state of charge of the battery cluster (ie, the initial state of charge of any battery module monitored by the BMU).
  • the energy storage system is an XC system (that is, the rated charge-discharge rate of the energy storage system is XC)
  • the currents sampled by BCU1 and BCU2 come from battery cluster 1 and battery cluster 2 respectively (as shown in (a) in Figure 5 ) ), so the calculation formula of the current state of charge of battery cluster 1 and battery cluster 2 is:
  • SOC1 is the current state of charge of battery cluster 1 (that is, the first state of charge corresponding to battery cluster 1), is the initial state of charge of battery cluster 1
  • SOC2 is the current state of charge of battery cluster 2 (ie, the first state of charge corresponding to battery cluster 2), is the initial state of charge of battery cluster 2.
  • each DC/DC conversion module in the embodiment of the present application operates independently, but is controlled by the same main controller. Please refer to FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the control of the DC/DC conversion module provided by the present application. Wherein, the main controller in FIG. 10 can be understood as the main controller included in the DC converter.
  • the embodiments of the present application also take the energy storage system shown in FIG. 5 as an example for description.
  • the energy storage system includes 2 battery clusters and 2 DC/DC conversion modules, wherein the 2 battery clusters are battery cluster 1 and battery cluster 2 respectively, and the 2 DC/DC conversion modules are DC/DC1 and DC respectively. /DC2.
  • the 2 battery clusters are battery cluster 1 and battery cluster 2 respectively
  • the 2 DC/DC conversion modules are DC/DC1 and DC respectively.
  • /DC2 As shown in (a) of Figure 10, in a 2XC scenario (such as the scenario shown in (c) in Figure 5 or the scenario shown in (d) in Figure 5), there is only one battery cluster (battery battery) in the energy storage system.
  • both battery clusters in the energy storage system are in Running state, that is, each battery cluster corresponds to a DC/DC conversion module that is turned on.
  • the main controller can receive two control commands P1 and P2 from the control unit to control the operating power and DC power of DC/DC1 respectively. /DC2 operating power. That is to say, the number of power control commands received by the main controller from the control unit is the same as the number of actually operating battery clusters.
  • the power levels indicated by the power commands P1 and P2 correspond to the current state of charge (ie, the first state of charge) of the battery cluster 1 and the battery cluster 2 .
  • the power command size is proportional to the SOC of the battery cluster, that is, (P1, P2) ⁇ (SOC1, SOC2).
  • the power command size is proportional to the (100%-SOC) of the battery cluster, namely (P1, P2) ⁇ (100%-SOC1, 100%-SOC2). That is to say, the control unit can respectively control the operating power of each DC/DC conversion module that is turned on corresponding to each battery cluster according to the first state of charge corresponding to each battery cluster, so as to control the charging and discharging of each battery cluster to balance the batteries. The remaining battery power of the cluster.
  • the control unit controls the on or off of the switches connecting each battery cluster to each DC/DC conversion module to turn on the connection between different battery clusters and different DC/DC conversion modules, so that different battery clusters can be connected to different DC/DC conversion modules.
  • Energy storage system with rated charge and discharge rate.
  • the control unit can determine the current state of charge (i.e. the first state of charge). Then, according to the current state of charge of each battery cluster, the charging and discharging of each battery cluster is controlled to balance the remaining power of each battery cluster, avoid the occurrence of overcharge and overdischarge of the battery cluster, and help improve the stability and reliability of the energy storage system. , making the energy storage system more applicable.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种储能系统，该储能系统包括至少一个电池簇，至少两个直流DC/DC变换模块和控制单元。其中，每个电池簇的输出端均通过开关连接各DC/DC变换模块的输入端，至少两个DC/DC变换模块的输出端并联至直流母线。控制单元通过控制总线连接各电池簇和各DC/DC变换模块，以控制个电池簇的充放电和各DC/DC变换模块进行直流变换，控制单元还用于控制每个电池簇连接各DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断，以控制各电池簇与不同数量的DC/DC变换模块的连接。在本申请中，通过控制各电池簇对应导通的DC/DC变换模块的数量，以控制储能系统兼容不同的额定充放电倍率，降低了储能系统的开发成本，适用性强。

Description

储能系统及其控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及电池储能技术领域，尤其涉及一种储能系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
随着环境问题和化石燃料储量的不断枯竭，风能和太阳能等可再生能源逐步成为主要研究方向。其中，风力发电、光伏发电等新型清洁能源虽有着取之不尽，用之不竭的先天优势，但受地势、气候和环境的影响，其存在稳定性和可靠性不高的缺陷。基于此，储能技术应运而生。储能技术的本质是能量形式的转换。能量可以储存在各种介质中，然后在需要时转换回电能。其中，在智能电网和汽车领域，以电池作为储能设备的储能系统拥有良好的发展前景。通常而言，不同储能系统的额定充放电倍率是不同的，为适应众多的充放电倍率场景，当前储能系统的开发基本采用定制化开发，例如，在相同电池容量的情况下，若要匹配不同的额定充放电倍率，则需要设计不同规格的功率变换器，导致功率变换器的规格繁多，开发成本较高。因此，如何设计一种储能系统，使其兼容不同的额定充放电倍率，降低开发成本，成为当前亟待解决的问题之一。
发明内容
本申请提供一种储能系统及其控制方法，可兼容不同的额定充放电倍率，降低储能系统的开发成本，适用性强。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种储能系统，该储能系统包括至少一个电池簇，至少两个直流DC/DC变换模块和控制单元。其中，至少一个电池簇中的每一个电池簇的输出端均通过开关与至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的输入端连接，至少两个DC/DC变换模块的输出端并联至直流母线。控制单元通过控制总线连接至少一个电池簇和至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块，以控制至少一个电池簇的充放电以及控制至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块进行直流变换，控制单元还用于控制至少一个电池簇中每一个电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断，以控制至少一个电池簇中各电池簇与不同数量的DC/DC变换模块的连接，以控制储能系统的额定充放电倍率。可理解的，上述DC/DC变换模块可以为双向的DC/DC变换电路。上述开关可以是断路器或接触器等。
在本申请中，从连接关系上看，储能系统中包括的每个电池簇都可以连接这些DC/DC变换模块，而实际运行时，是通过控制单元来控制各个电池簇跟DC/DC变换模块之间连接的开关哪个导通，哪个关断，以控制各个电池簇对应的导通的DC/DC变换模块的数量，来实现控制储能系统的额定充放电倍率的。通常而言，上述储能系统的额定充放电倍率与该储能系统中电池簇对应导通的DC/DC变换模块的数量成正比。例如，以一个电池簇为例，当该电池簇对应导通一个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC，则当该电池簇对应导通n个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为nXC。其中，n为大于1的整数。X的具体取值由电池簇的额定容量与DC/DC变换模块的额定运行功率 的匹配情况确定。也就是说，X的值由电池簇和DC/DC变换模块的规格确定。
结合第一方面，在第一种可能的实施方式中，上述至少一个电池簇包括第一电池簇；控制单元用于控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的第一DC/DC变换模块的开关导通，并控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中除第一DC/DC变换模块之外的其他DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，以控制储能系统的充放电电流以使储能系统的额定充放电倍率为第一额定充放电倍率。
在本申请中，如果储能系统中包括的每个电池簇都加入运行(即每个电池簇都有对应导通的DC/DC变换模块)，则储能系统中每个电池簇对应导通的DC/DC变换模块的数量是一样的，且一个导通的DC/DC变换模块只能对应一个电池簇。这里以第一电池簇为例，当该第一电池簇对应导通一个DC/DC变换模块(即第一DC/DC变换模块)时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC，其中，X的大小由电池簇和DC/DC变换模块的规格确定。
结合第一方面第一种可能的实施方式，在第二种可能的实施方式中，控制单元还用于控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的n个DC/DC变换模块的开关导通，并控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中除n个DC/DC变换模块之外的其他DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，以控制储能系统的充放电电流以使储能系统的额定充放电倍率为第二额定充放电倍率，其中n个DC/DC变换模块或者其他DC/DC变换模块中包括第一DC/DC变换模块，第二额定充放电倍率为第一额定充放电倍率的n倍，n为大于1的整数。
在本申请中，如果储能系统中包括的每个电池簇都加入运行(即每个电池簇都有对应导通的DC/DC变换模块)，则储能系统中每个电池簇对应导通的DC/DC变换模块的数量是一样的，且一个导通的DC/DC变换模块只能对应一个电池簇。这里以第一电池簇为例，当该第一电池簇对应导通n个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为nXC，其中，X的大小由电池簇和DC/DC变换模块的规格确定。
结合第一方面，在第三种可能的实施方式中，该储能系统包括至少两个电池簇，至少两个电池簇中包括第一电池簇和第二电池簇。控制单元用于控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的h个DC/DC变换模块的开关导通，控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中除h个DC/DC变换模块之外的其他DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，并控制第二电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中每一个DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，以控制储能系统的充放电电流以使储能系统的额定充放电倍率为目标额定充放电倍率，h为大于0的整数。
在本申请中，如果储能系统中存在某些电池簇不加入运行，即该电池簇不对应导通任意一个DC/DC变换模块，则通过控制每个运行的电池簇与对应导通的DC/DC变换模块的数量为1个或者多个，同样可实现对储能系统不同额定充放电倍率的控制。
结合第一方面至第一方面第三种可能的实施方式中的任一种，在第四种可能的实施方式中，控制单元还用于根据各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态控制各电池簇的充放电，以均衡各电池簇的剩余电量。
在本申请中，当储能系统中包括至少两个电池簇皆为运行状态(即每个电池簇都对应导通相同数量的不同DC/DC变换模块)时，控制单元通过获取的至少两个电池簇中每个电 池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态，可分别控制各电池簇的充放电，以均衡各电池簇的剩余电量，减少各电池簇在充放电过程中的不一致性，避免电池簇过充、过放的情况发生。
结合第一方面第四种可能的实施方式，在第五种可能的实施方式中，各电池簇中包括串联的至少一个电池模组，一个电池模组中包括一个电池管理单元BMU，控制单元通过控制总线连接各电池簇中各电池模组的BMU，控制单元用于通过各电池模组的BMU获取各电池簇的初始荷电状态。
在本申请中，电池簇中各电池模组中的BMU可用于分别监测各电池模组内的电芯电压、温度和初始荷电状态等信号，以用于实现各电池簇的充放电管理和控制，避免损坏电池簇。
结合第一方面第四种可能的实施方式，在第六种可能的实施方式中，至少两个DC/DC变换模块中一个DC/DC变换模块包括一个电池控制单元BCU，控制单元通过控制总线连接各DC/DC变换模块中的各BCU，控制单元用于通过各BCU获取各电池簇的输出电流大小。
在本申请中，基于每个DC/DC变换模块中包括的BCU分别采集各电池簇的输出电流，可用于实现各电池簇的充放电管理和控制，有利于提高储能系统的稳定性和可靠性。
结合第一方面第四种可能的实施方式，在第七种可能的实施方式中，至少两个DC/DC变换模块包括一个电池控制单元BCU，控制单元通过控制总线连接BCU，控制单元用于通过BCU获取各电池簇的输出电流大小。
在本申请中，通过复用一个BCU用于采集各电池簇的输出电流，可降低储能系统的复杂度，适用性强。
结合第一方面至第一方面第七种可能的实施方式中的任一种，在第八种可能的实施方式中，储能系统还包括功率变换器，功率变换器的输入端连接直流母线，功率变换器的输出端连接交流母线，功率变换器用于在电池簇放电时，将基于直流母线输入的直流电转换为交流电，或者，功率变换器用于在电池簇充电时，将基于交流母线输入的交流电转换为直流电。
在本申请中，功率变换器用于在电池簇放电时，将基于直流母线输入的直流电转换为交流电，或者，功率变换器用于在电池簇充电时，将基于交流母线输入的交流电转换为直流电，增强了储能系统的适用性。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种储能系统的控制方法，该方法适用于储能系统。该储能系统包括至少一个电池簇，至少两个直流DC/DC变换模块和控制单元。其中，上述至少一个电池簇中的每一个电池簇的输出端均通过开关与至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的输入端连接，至少两个DC/DC变换模块的输出端并联至直流母线，控制单元通过控制总线连接至少一个电池簇和两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块。具体地，该方法包括：首先，控制至少一个电池簇中每一个电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断，以控制至少一个电池簇中各电池簇与不同数量的DC/DC变换模块的连接。其次，获取各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态。进而，根据各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态控制各电池簇的充放电，以均衡各电池簇的剩余电量。
结合第二方面，在第一种可能的实施方式中，根据各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态控制各电池簇的充放电，包括：根据各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态分别控制各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率，以控制各电池簇的充放电。
结合第二方面第一种可能的实施方式，在第二种可能的实施方式中，根据各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态分别控制各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率，包括：根据任一电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态确定任一电池簇对应的第一荷电状态。根据各电池簇对应的第一荷电状态分别控制各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率，以控制各电池簇的充放电。
在本申请中，通过控制单元控制电池簇连接各DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断以导通电池簇和一个或者多个DC/DC变换模块的连接，以控制储能系统的额定充放电倍率，可实现储能系统兼容不同的充放电倍率，降低了开发成本，适用性高。进一步地，在实际运行中，通过分别控制各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率，以控制各电池簇的充放电，可均衡各电池簇的剩余电量，避免电池簇过度充电或过度放电，有利于提高储能系统的稳定性和可靠性。
附图说明
图1是一种储能系统的系统架构示意图；
图2是本申请提供的储能系统的一结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的不同额定充放电倍率的一应用场景示意图；
图4是本申请提供的储能系统的另一结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的不同额定充放电倍率的另一应用场景示意图；
图6是本申请提供的储能系统的另一结构示意图；
图7是本申请提供的储能系统的另一结构示意图；
图8是本申请提供的储能系统的另一结构示意图；
图9是本申请提供的储能系统的控制方法的流程示意图；
图10是本申请提供的对DC/DC变换模块的控制示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请提供的储能系统适用于光伏发电设备或者风力发电设备等多种类型的发电设备，以及不同类型的用电设备(如电网、家用设备或者工业和商业用电设备)，可应用于汽车领域、微电网领域等。本申请提供的储能系统适用于不同类型的电化学电池的储能，这里，不同类型的电化学电池可以包括锂离子电池、铅酸电池(或称铅酸蓄电池)、铅碳电池、超级电容、固态电池，液流电池等，本申请对电池的具体类型不做具体限定。为方便描述，本申请将以锂电池为例对本申请提供的储能系统进行说明。
储能系统的应用场景十分广泛，在电力系统的发电、输电、变电、配电、用电等各个环节都有很好的应用，储能系统的充放电倍率也很广，从0.2C-2C都有分布。因此，储能系统的差异也较大，为适应众多的充放电倍率，当前储能系统基本采用定制化的开发，即一种充放电倍率往往对应一种系统结构和一种规格的变换器，导致变换器规格繁多，系统成本较高，项目开发周期较长。请参见图1，图1是一种储能系统的系统架构示意图。其 中，图1所示的储能系统包括多个电池簇(如图1所示的电池簇1，电池簇2，…，电池簇m)、汇流柜和功率变换器。其中，多个电池簇通过汇流柜并联之后，再接入功率变换器的直流侧。外置的电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)通过控制总线分别连接各电池簇，汇流柜以及功率变换器。其中，BMS用于采集各电池簇的电池信息，并与汇流柜和功率变换器进行通讯，以用于对储能系统进行充放电控制。可理解的，充放电倍率是指，电池在规定的时间内放出其额定容量时所需要的电流值，它在数据值上等于电池额定容量的倍数，通常以字母C表示。通常而言，充放电倍率＝充放电时的电流(安培)/电池额定容量(安培·时)，或充放电倍率＝充放电时的功率(千瓦)/电池额定容量(千瓦·时)。
其中，如图1所示的储能系统，在相同电池容量的情况下，若要匹配不同的额定充放电倍率，则需要设计不同规格的功率变换器，因此导致功率变换器的规格繁多，开发成本较高。与此同时，由于图1所示的储能系统是通过汇流柜将各电池簇进行并联的，因此，图1所示的储能系统在实际运行时，只能对储能系统中各电池簇的充放电进行统一控制。而又由于不同电池簇间存在差异性/不一致性，例如，不同电池簇本身的电化学特性不同，或随着充放电循环次数的增加，不同电池簇的性能和各种参数都会发生不同程度的变化，因此导致在实际运行中，如果只能对储能系统中各电池簇的充放电进行统一控制，将导致某些电池簇可能出现过充或过放的情况发生，严重影响电池寿命，不利于储能系统的稳定运行。
基于此，本申请提出了一种储能系统，该储能系统可兼容不同的额定充放电倍率，以及实现对储能系统中各电池簇的独立运行管理。其中，该储能系统包括至少一个电池簇，至少两个直流(direct current，DC)/DC变换模块和控制单元。通常而言，控制单元可以是集中监控单元(centralized monitoring unit，CMU)等，在此不做限制。其中，上述至少一个电池簇中的每一个电池簇的输出端均通过开关与至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的输入端连接，至少两个DC/DC变换模块的输出端并联至直流母线。其中，上述至少两个DC/DC变换模块可集成在一个直流变流器中，因此，至少两个DC/DC变换模块的输出端并联至直流母线可理解为：至少两个DC/DC变换模块中每个DC/DC变换模块的正极分别并联起来，以及每个DC/DC变换模块的负极分别并联起来，以作为直流变流器的输出端与直流母线连接。控制单元通过控制总线连接至少一个电池簇和至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块，以控制至少一个电池簇的充放电以及控制至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块进行直流变换。可理解的，控制单元还用于控制至少一个电池簇中每一个电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断，以控制至少一个电池簇中各电池簇与不同数量的DC/DC变换模块的连接，以实现控制储能系统的额定充放电倍率。
可理解的，如果储能系统中包括的每个电池簇都加入运行(即每个电池簇都有对应导通的DC/DC变换模块)，则储能系统中每个电池簇对应导通的DC/DC变换模块的数量应该是一样的，且一个导通的DC/DC变换模块对应一个电池簇。以储能系统中的一个电池簇(即第一电池簇)为例，控制单元用于控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的第一DC/DC变换模块的开关导通，并控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中除第一DC/DC变换模块之外的其他DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，可实现控制储能系统的充放电 电流以使储能系统的额定充放电倍率为第一额定充放电倍率。也就是说，当该第一电池簇对应导通一个DC/DC变换模块(即第一DC/DC变换模块)时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC，其中，X的大小由电池簇和DC/DC变换模块的规格确定。
进一步地，控制单元还用于控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的n个DC/DC变换模块的开关导通，并控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中除n个DC/DC变换模块之外的其他DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，以控制储能系统的充放电电流以使储能系统的额定充放电倍率为第二额定充放电倍率，其中上述n个DC/DC变换模块或者其他DC/DC变换模块中包括第一DC/DC变换模块，第二额定充放电倍率为第一额定充放电倍率的n倍，n为大于1的整数。也就是说，当该第一电池簇对应导通n个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为nXC，其中，X的大小由电池簇和DC/DC变换模块的规格确定。其中，在执行储能系统的额定充放电倍率的切换时，例如将储能系统的额定充放电倍率从XC切换为额定充放电倍率为nXC，可在导通第一DC/DC变换模块对应的开关的基础上，再导通(n-1)个第一DC/DC变换模块对应的开关，以使得该第一电池簇对应连接n个DC/DC变换模块。可选的，还可以先断开第一DC/DC变换模块对应的开关，再导通n个第一DC/DC变换模块对应的开关，以使得该第一电池簇对应连接n个DC/DC变换模块，在此不做限制。
也就是说，本申请中的控制单元通过控制各个电池簇连接各DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断，以控制不同电池簇与不同数量的DC/DC变换模块的连接，可实现控制储能系统的额定充放电倍率。例如，以储能系统包括一个电池簇为例，当该电池簇对应导通一个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC，当该电池簇对应导通n个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为nXC。其中，X的具体取值由电池簇的额定容量与DC/DC变换模块的额定运行功率的匹配情况确定，即X由所选用的电池簇和DC/DC变换模块的规格确定。举例来说，假设该储能系统中的DC/DC变换模块的额定运行功率与该电池簇的电池容量的配比为1:4，则当该电池簇对应导通一个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为0.25C，即X＝0.25。相应地，当该电池簇对应导通2个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为0.5C，…，以此类推，当该电池簇对应导通n个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为0.25nC。又举例来说，假设该储能系统中的DC/DC变换模块的额定运行功率与该电池簇的电池容量的配比为1:2，则当该电池簇对应导通一个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为0.5C，即X＝0.5。相应地，当该电池簇对应导通2个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为1C，…，以此类推，当该电池簇对应导通n个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为0.5nC。
可理解的，本申请实施例中连接电池簇与DC/DC变换模块的开关可以是断路器或接触器等，具体根据实际应用场景确定，在此不做限制。DC/DC变换模块为双向DC/DC变换电路，且本申请中各DC/DC变换模块相同。通常而言，上述双向DC/DC变换电路可以是非隔离型的双向DC/DC变换电路或隔离型的双向DC/DC变换电路等，在此不做限制。其中，非隔离型的双向DC/DC变换电路可以包括飞跨电容多电平电路，三电平BOOST电路或四管BUCK-BOOST电路等，在此不做限制。其中，DC/DC变换电路中所采用的开关器 件可以是采用硅半导体材料(silicon，Si)或者第三代宽禁带半导体材料的碳化硅(silicon carbide，SiC)或者氮化镓(gallium nitride，GaN)等材料制成的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor，MOSFET)或绝缘栅双极性晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)等，在此不做限制。
下面将结合图2至图9对本申请提供的储能系统及其工作原理进行示例说明。
请参见图2，图2是本申请提供的储能系统的一结构示意图。如图2所示，该储能系统包括1个电池簇，n个DC/DC变换模块和控制单元，其中n为大于1的整数。也就是说，n个DC/DC变换模块可分别为DC/DC变换模块1，…，DC/DC变换模块n。其中，电池簇的输出端可以通过开关K11连接DC/DC变换模块1(如图2所示的DC/DC1)，该电池簇的输出端还可以通过开关K12(图2中暂未示出)连接DC/DC变换模块2(图2中暂未示出)，…，该电池簇的输出端还可以通过开关K1n连接DC/DC变换模块n(如图2所示的DC/DCn)。控制单元可以通过控制总线连接电池簇和各DC/DC变换模块。其中，控制单元用于控制电池簇连接各DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断以导通电池簇和一个或者多个DC/DC变换模块的连接，以控制储能系统的额定充放电倍率。例如，以n＝2为例，当控制单元控制该电池簇对应导通一个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC，当控制单元控制该电池簇对应导通2个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为2XC。
为便于理解，请参见图3，图3是本申请实施例提供的不同额定充放电倍率的一应用场景示意图。如图3所示，该储能系统包括1个电池簇和2个DC/DC变换模块(如图2所示的DC/DC1和DC/DC2)。其中，当控制单元控制开关K11导通，开关K12关断(如图3中的(a)所示)时，或者，当控制单元控制开关K12导通，开关K11关断(如图3中的(b)所示)时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC。当控制单元控制开关K11和开关K12皆导通(如图3中的(c)所示)时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为2XC。也就是说，当储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC，该储能系统中一个电池簇对应导通一个DC/DC变换模块，当储能系统的额定充放电倍率为2XC，该储能系统中一个电池簇对应导通2个DC/DC变换模块。
可选的，在一些可行的实施方式中，当储能系统中包括至少两个电池簇时，上述至少两个电池簇中各电池簇的输出端可通过开关分别连接各DC/DC变换模块的输入端。控制单元通过控制总线连接各电池簇和各DC/DC变换模块，控制单元用于控制各电池簇连接各DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断以导通不同的电池簇和不同的DC/DC变换模块的连接。也就是说，至少两个电池簇中的每一个电池簇的输出端均通过开关与至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的输入端连接，至少两个DC/DC变换模块的输出端并联至直流母线。控制单元通过控制总线连接至少两个电池簇和至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块，以控制至少两个电池簇的充放电以及控制至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块进行直流变换。控制单元还用于控制至少两个电池簇中每一个电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断，以控制至少两个电池簇中各电池簇与不同数量的DC/DC变换模块的连接，以控 制储能系统的额定充放电倍率。
可理解的，以储能系统包括的至少两个电池簇，该至少两个电池簇中包括第一电池簇和第二电池簇为例。控制单元用于控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的h个DC/DC变换模块的开关导通，控制第一电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中除h个DC/DC变换模块之外的其他DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，并控制第二电池簇连接至少两个DC/DC变换模块中每一个DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，可以实现控制储能系统的充放电电流，以使储能系统的额定充放电倍率为目标额定充放电倍率，h为大于0的整数。例如，若一个电池簇对应导通一个DC/DC变换模块(即h＝1)，则该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC，若一个电池簇对应导通2个DC/DC变换模块(即h＝2)，则该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为2XC，X的大小由电池簇和DC/DC变换模块的规格确定。也就是说，如果储能系统中存在某些电池簇不加入运行，即该电池簇不对应导通任意一个DC/DC变换模块，则通过控制每个运行的电池簇与对应导通的DC/DC变换模块的数量为1个或者多个，同样可实现对储能系统不同额定充放电倍率的控制。
为便于理解，请参见图4，图4是本申请提供的储能系统的另一结构示意图。如图4所示，该储能系统包括m个电池簇，n个DC/DC变换模块和控制单元，其中m为大于或者等于1的整数，n为大于1的整数。这里，以m为大于1的整数为例进行说明。其中，m个电池簇可分别为电池簇1，…，电池簇m。n个DC/DC变换模块可分别为DC/DC变换模块1，…，DC/DC变换模块n。其中，电池簇1的输出端可以通过开关K11连接DC/DC变换模块1(如图4所示的DC/DC1)，该电池簇1的输出端还可以通过开关K12(图4中暂未示出)连接DC/DC变换模块2(图4中暂未示出)，…，该电池簇1的输出端还可以通过开关K1n连接DC/DC变换模块n(如图4所示的DC/DCn)。电池簇2(图4中暂未示出)的输出端可以通过开关K21(图4中暂未示出)连接DC/DC变换模块1，该电池簇2的输出端还可以通过开关K22(图4中暂未示出)连接DC/DC变换模块2，…，该电池簇2的输出端还可以通过开关K2n(图4中暂未示出)连接DC/DC变换模块n。以此类推，电池簇m的输出端可以通过开关Km1连接DC/DC变换模块1，该电池簇m的输出端还可以通过开关Km2连接DC/DC变换模块2，…，该电池簇m的输出端还可以通过开关Kmn连接DC/DC变换模块n。控制单元通过控制总线连接各电池簇和各DC/DC变换模块。其中，控制单元用于控制各电池簇连接各DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断以导通不同的电池簇和不同的DC/DC变换模块的连接，进而控制储能系统的额定充放电倍率。
其中，以m＝2，n＝2为例，当该储能系统包括的两个电池簇中任一个电池簇对应导通一个DC/DC变换模块时，或者每个电池簇皆对应导通不同的一个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC。当该储能系统包括的两个电池簇中任一个电池簇对应导通2个DC/DC变换模块，且另一个电池簇不运行(即另一个电池簇不对应导通任意DC/DC变换模块)时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为2XC。
举例来说，请参见图5，图5是本申请实施例提供的不同额定充放电倍率的另一应用场景示意图。其中，当控制单元控制开关K11导通，开关K12，K21，K22关断时，或者，当控制单元控制开关K12导通，开关K11，K21，K22关断时，或者，当控制单元控制开关K21导通，开关K11，K12，K22关断时，或者，当控制单元控制开关K22导通，开关 K11，K12，K21关断时，或者，当控制单元控制开关K11，K22导通，开关K12，K21关断(如图5中的(a)所示)时，或者，当控制单元控制开关K12，K21导通，开关K11，K22关断(如图5中的(b)所示)时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC。当控制单元控制开关K11和开关K12皆导通，且开关K21和开关K22皆关断(如图5中的(c)所示)时，或者，当控制单元控制开关K21和开关K22皆导通，且开关K11和开关K12皆关断(如图5中的(d)所示)时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为2XC。其中，由图(5)中的(c)可知，当该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为2XC时，电池簇1对应导通2个DC/DC变换模块，而电池簇2不对应导通任何一个DC/DC变换模块，即电池簇2不运行。由图(5)中的(d)可知，当该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为2XC时，电池簇2对应导通2个DC/DC变换模块，而电池簇1不对应导通任何一个DC/DC变换模块，即电池簇1不运行。
又例如，以m＝2(即2个电池簇分别为电池簇1和电池簇2)，n＝4(即4个DC/DC变换模块分别为DC/DC1,DC/DC2,DC/DC3和DC/DC4)为例，当该储能系统包括的两个电池簇中任一个电池簇对应导通一个DC/DC变换模块时，或者每个电池簇皆对应导通不同的一个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC。当该储能系统包括的两个电池簇中任一个电池簇对应导通2个DC/DC变换模块时，或每个电池簇皆对应导通不同的2个DC/DC变换模块时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为2XC。可选的，当该储能系统包括的至少两个电池簇中任一个电池簇对应导通3个DC/DC变换模块，且另一电池簇不运行时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为3XC，当该储能系统包括的至少两个电池簇中任一个电池簇对应导通4个DC/DC变换模块，且另一电池簇不运行时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为4XC。
可选的，在一些可行的实施方式中，为满足用电设备的实际供电需求，储能系统中的电池簇可以由电池模组以串联、并联或串并联方式连接组成，具体根据实际应用场景确定，在此不做限制。其中，本申请实施例皆以电池簇中各电池模组串联连接为例进行说明。具体地，每个电池簇中可包括串联的至少一个电池模组。其中，一个电池模组中包括一个电池管理单元(battery monitoring unit，BMU)。因此，控制单元可通过控制总线连接各电池簇中各电池模组的BMU，控制单元用于通过各电池模组的BMU获取各电池簇的初始荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)。通常情况下，同一电池簇内的电池模组都是同一个型号和初始荷电状态，即各电池模组的初始荷电状态也是电池簇的初始荷电状态。
可选的，在一些可行的实施方式中，至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块可包括一个电池控制单元BCU，控制单元通过控制总线连接各DC/DC变换模块中的各BCU，控制单元用于通过各BCU获取各电池簇的输出电流大小。也就是说，本申请中的BCU集成在DC/DC变换模块中，以用于采集DC/DC电池侧流过的电流(即电池簇的输出电流大小)，与BMU和控制单元等进行通讯，计算SOC，以及实现对各电池簇内电池模组的管理等，在此不做限制。为便于理解，请参见图6，图6是本申请提供的储能系统的另一结构示意图。如图6所示，该储能系统包括m个电池簇，n个DC/DC变换模块和控制单元，m和n皆为大于1的整数。其中，m个电池簇中各电池簇的输出端通过开关分别连接各DC/DC变换模块的输入端。m个电池簇中每个电池簇包括p个串联连接的电池模组，p为大于0的整数。每个电池模组中包括一个BMU，以用于采集电池模组内的电芯电压、 温度、初始SOC、健康状态值(state of health，SOH)等信号。n个DC/DC变换模块中每个DC/DC变换模块包括一个BCU，各电池簇中包括的各BMU之间通过手拉手的通讯接线方式连接任一个DC/DC变换模块中的BMU，各DC/DC变换模块中包括各BMU之间同样可采用手拉手的通讯接线方式连接控制单元。可理解的，本申请中BMU,BCU和控制单元之间的通讯类型可以是菊花链、CAN或者WiFi等，在此不做限制。控制单元根据BMU采集到的初始荷电状态和BCU采集到的电流，可估算出电池簇的当前荷电状态等信息。
可选的，在一些可行的实施方式中，至少两个DC/DC变换模块还可以包括一个电池控制单元BCU，控制单元通过控制总线连接BCU，控制单元用于通过BCU获取各电池簇的输出电流大小。也就是说，储能系统中包括的多个DC/DC变换模块也可以复用一个BCU，该BCU可用于采集各个电池簇的输出电流，与BMU和控制单元等进行通讯，计算SOC，以及实现对各电池簇内电池模组的管理等，在此不做限制。为便于理解，请参见图7，图7是本申请提供的储能系统的另一结构示意图。如图7所示，该储能系统包括m个电池簇，n个DC/DC变换模块和控制单元，m和n皆为大于1的整数。其中，m个电池簇中各电池簇的输出端通过开关分别连接各DC/DC变换模块的输入端。m个电池簇中每个电池簇包括p个串联连接的电池模组，p为大于0的整数。每个电池模组中包括一个BMU，以用于采集电池模组内的电芯电压、温度、初始SOC、SOH等信号。n个DC/DC变换模块复用一个BCU，各电池簇中包括的各BMU之间通过手拉手的通讯接线方式连接该BMU，该BMU通过控制总线连接控制单元。控制单元可根据BMU采集到的初始荷电状态和BCU采集到的电流，估算出电池簇的当前荷电状态等信息。可理解的，当各DC/DC变换模块复用一个BCU时，各个电池簇的BMU可通过手拉手的通讯接线方式接入BCU。进而根据BCU采集到的各电池簇的输出电流和各电池簇的初始荷电状态估算出各电池簇的当前荷电状态，以根据各电池簇的当前荷电状态控制所述各电池簇的充放电，以均衡所述各电池簇的剩余电量。可理解的，本申请实施例中所涉及的BMU、BCU和控制单元等组成了BMS，并非相关技术中通过一个外置的BMS对储能系统进行充放电控制，本申请中所提供的储能系统的融合度更高，兼容性更强。
可选的，在一些可行的实施方式中，储能系统还可以包括功率变换器。例如，请参见图8，图8是本申请提供的储能系统的另一结构示意图。如图8所示，功率变换器的输入端连接直流母线，功率变换器的输出端连接交流母线。其中，功率变换器用于在电池簇放电时，将基于直流母线输入的直流电转换为交流电，或者，功率变换器用于在电池簇充电时，将基于交流母线输入的交流电转换为直流电。通常而言，功率变换器还可以通过交流母线连接变压器或电网或交流负载。因此，在电池簇放电时，储能系统中的电池簇可向与该电池簇导通的各个DC/DC变换模块提供直流输入电压，各个DC/DC变换模块对直流输入电压进行功率变换并向功率变换器输出直流电能，这时功率变换器可以对各个DC/DC变换模块输入的直流电能进行功率变换，并向电网或者交流负载(如家用设备)输出交流电能，以对电网或交流负载进行供电。其中，上述功率变换器可以是中性点箝位T型三电平逆变器，有源中点箝位逆变器或飞跨电容多电平逆变器等，在此不做限制。可理解的，本申请中的储能系统可以包括至少一个功率变换器，其中所选用的功率变换器的规格可根据实际应用场景确定，在此不做限制。
在本申请实施例中，通过控制单元来控制电池簇跟DC/DC变换模块之间连接的开关哪个导通，哪个关断，以控制电池簇对应的导通的DC/DC变换模块的数量，可实现控制储能系统的额定充放电倍率，以适应有各种额定充放电倍率的需求场景，降低了不同额定充放电倍率的储能系统的开发成本。并且，该储能系统还可以实现对各个电池簇的充放电独立控制，以实现电池均衡，即均衡各电池簇的剩余电量，避免个别电池簇因过充或过放而损坏电池，提高了储能系统的可靠性和稳定性。
下面将对本申请提供的储能系统的控制方法进行详细说明。
请参见图9，图9是本申请提供的储能系统的控制方法的流程示意图。该方法适用于储能系统(如上述图2至图8所提供的储能系统)。为方便描述，本申请实施例以图4所示的储能系统为例进行说明。该储能系统中包括至少两个电池簇，至少两个直流DC/DC变换模块和控制单元。其中，上述至少两个电池簇中各电池簇的输出端通过开关分别连接各DC/DC变换模块的输入端，至少两个DC/DC变换模块的输出端并联至直流母线，控制单元通过控制总线连接各电池簇和各DC/DC变换模块。如图9所示，该方法包括以下步骤S901至步骤S903：
S901、控制各电池簇连接各DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断以导通不同的电池簇和不同的DC/DC变换模块的连接。
在一些可行的实施方式中，控制单元可以通过发送开关控制指令，可控制各电池簇连接各DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断以导通不同的电池簇和不同的DC/DC变换模块的连接。例如，请一并参见图5，以该储能系统包括的2个电池簇和2个DC/DC变换模块为例。其中，假设该两个电池簇分别为电池簇1和电池簇2，该2个DC/DC变换模块分别为DC/DC1和DC/DC2。如图5所示，电池簇1的输出端可以通过开关K11连接DC/DC变换模块1(如图5所示的DC/DC1)，该电池簇1的输出端还可以通过开关K12连接DC/DC变换模块2(如图5所示的DC/DC2)。电池簇2的输出端可以通过开关K21连接DC/DC变换模块1(如图5所示的DC/DC1)，该电池簇2的输出端还可以通过开关K22连接DC/DC变换模块2(如图5所示的DC/DC2)。其中，当控制单元通过开关控制指令闭合开关K11和开关K22，断开开关K12和开关K21(如图5中的(a)所示)时，或者，通过开关控制指令闭合开关K12和开关K21，断开开关K11和开关K22(如图5中的(b)所示)时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC。当控制单元通过开关控制指令闭合开关K11和开关K12，断开开关K21和开关K22(如图5中的(c)所示)时，或者，当控制单元通过开关控制指令闭合开关K21和开关K22，断开开关K11和开关K12(如图5中的(d)所示)时，该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为2XC。
S902、获取各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态。
在一些可行的实施方式中，控制单元可获取各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态。具体地，控制单元可通过DC/DC变换模块中的BCU采集各个电池簇的输出电流大小，以及通过各电池簇中各电池模组内的BMU采集各电池模组的初始荷电状态。在本申请实施例中，各电池簇包括串联连接的至少一个电池模组。通常而言，同一电池簇内的电池模组都是同一个型号的，且其初始荷电状态也相同，即同一电池簇内各电池模组的初始荷电状态相当于是该电池簇的初始荷电状态。因此，控制单元可将通过BMU获取到的任一个电 池模组的初始荷电状态确定为该电池簇的初始荷电状态。其中，DC/DC变换模块中的BCU可用于采集各电池簇的输出电流，因此，控制单元可通过各BCU获取各电池簇的输出电流大小。可选的，当多个DC/DC变换模块复用一个BCU时，同样可基于该一个BCU获取各电池簇的输出电流大小，具体根据实际应用场景确定，在此不做限制。
S903、根据各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态控制各电池簇的充放电，以均衡各电池簇的剩余电量。
在一些可行的实施方式中，控制单元可以根据各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态控制各电池簇的充放电，以均衡各电池簇的剩余电量。具体地，根据各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态控制各电池簇的充放电可理解为：根据各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态分别控制各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率，以控制各电池簇的充放电。其中，根据各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态分别控制各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率可理解为：根据任一电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态确定任一电池簇对应的第一荷电状态。进而根据各电池簇对应的第一荷电状态分别控制各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率，以控制各电池簇的充放电。
为便于理解，以下将详细介绍第一荷电状态的估算过程。
在一些可行的实施方式中，各电池簇的电池模组内集成的BMU记录了该电池模组的初始荷电状态，通常情况下，同一电池簇内的电池模组的型号和初始荷电状态是一样的，即各电池模组的初始荷电状态也是该电池簇的初始荷电状态。可理解的，各DC/DC变换模块中的BCU可独立采样流过的电流。例如，请一并参见图5，以储能系统包括2个DC/DC变换模块(即DC/DC1和DC/DC2)为例，DC/DC1中的BCU1和DC/DC2中的BCU2可分别以第一采样间隔t1和第二采样间隔t2采集电流I 1和I 2，然后累计起来，计算荷电状态的变化量ΔSOC1和ΔSOC2。具体地，ΔSOC1和ΔSOC2满足：
Figure PCTCN2021083274-appb-000001
其中，N1表示BCU1的电流采样次数，N2表示BCU2的电流采样次数，Ah0表示电池的额定容量。
为便于理解，以图5所示的储能系统为例，假设图5所示的储能系统是2XC系统(即该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为2XC)，则BCU1和BCU2采样的电流其实来自同一个电池簇(例如可以是电池簇1(如图5中的(c)所示)或者也可以是电池簇2(如图5中的(d)所示))，因此该电池簇的当前荷电状态(即第一荷电状态)计算公式为：
SOC＝SOC0+ΔSOC1+ΔSOC2；
其中，SOC表示第一荷电状态，SOC0为该电池簇的初始荷电状态(即通过BMU监测到的任一电池模组的初始荷电状态)。
若该储能系统是XC系统(即该储能系统的额定充放电倍率为XC)，则BCU1和BCU2采样的电流分别来自电池簇1和电池簇2(如图5中的(a)所示)，因此电池簇1和电池簇2的当前荷电状态的计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2021083274-appb-000002
其中，SOC1为电池簇1的当前荷电状态(即电池簇1对应的第一荷电状态)，
Figure PCTCN2021083274-appb-000003
为电池簇1的初始荷电状态，SOC2为电池簇2的当前荷电状态(即电池簇2对应的第一荷电状态)，
Figure PCTCN2021083274-appb-000004
为电池簇2的初始荷电状态。
在一些可行的实施方式中，当控制单元确定出各电池簇的第一荷电状态时，可根据各电池簇对应的第一荷电状态分别控制各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率，以控制各电池簇的充放电。可理解的，本申请实施例中各DC/DC变换模块是独立运行的，但受同一个主控制器控制。请参见图10，图10是本申请提供的对DC/DC变换模块的控制示意图。其中，图10中的主控制器可理解为直流变流器中包括的主控制器。为便于理解，本申请实施例同样以图5所示的储能系统为例进行说明。其中，该储能系统包括2个电池簇和2个DC/DC变换模块，其中，2个电池簇分别为电池簇1和电池簇2，2个DC/DC变换模块分别为DC/DC1和DC/DC2。如图10中的(a)所示，在2XC场景下(例如图5中的(c)所示场景或图5中的(d)所示场景)，储能系统中只有一个电池簇(电池簇1或电池簇2)在运行，且该电池簇对应2个导通的DC/DC变换模板，因此，主控制器可从控制单元接收到一个功率指令P，然后将指令平均分配给DC/DC1和DC/DC2，即DC/DC1和DC/DC2接收的功率控制指令P1＝P2＝P/2。如图10中的(b)所示，在XC场景下(例如图5中的(a)所示场景或图5中的(b)所示场景)，储能系统中两个电池簇都处于运行状态，即每个电池簇皆对应一个导通的DC/DC变换模块，因此，主控制器可从控制单元接收到2个控制指令P1和P2，以分别控制DC/DC1的运行功率和DC/DC2的运行功率。也就是说，主控制器从控制单元接收到的功率控制指令的数量与实际运行的电池簇的数量相同。其中，功率指令P1和P2所指示的功率大小与电池簇1和电池簇2的当前荷电状态(即第一荷电状态)对应。具体地，当储能系统放电时，功率指令大小与电池簇的SOC成正比，即(P1,P2)∝(SOC1,SOC2)。当储能系统充电时，功率指令大小与电池簇的(100％-SOC)成正比，即(P1,P2)∝(100％-SOC1,100％-SOC2)。也就是说，控制单元可以根据各电池簇对应的第一荷电状态分别控制各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率，以控制各电池簇的充放电，以均衡各电池簇的剩余电量。
在本申请实施例中，控制单元通过控制各电池簇连接各DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断以导通不同的电池簇和不同的DC/DC变换模块的连接，可实现不同额定充放电倍率的储能系统。进一步地，在实际运行阶段，控制单元通过获取各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态，可根据各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态确定出各电池簇的当前荷电状态(即第一荷电状态)。进而根据各电池簇的当前荷电状态控制各电池簇的充放电，以均衡各电池簇的剩余电量，避免电池簇过充、过放的情况发生，有利于提高储能系统稳定性和可靠性，使得储能系统的适用性更强。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种储能系统，其特征在于，所述储能系统包括至少一个电池簇，至少两个直流DC/DC变换模块和控制单元；其中：
    所述至少一个电池簇中的每一个电池簇的输出端均通过开关与所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的输入端连接，所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块的输出端并联至直流母线；
    所述控制单元通过控制总线连接所述至少一个电池簇和所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块，以控制所述至少一个电池簇的充放电以及控制所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块进行直流变换，所述控制单元还用于控制所述至少一个电池簇中每一个电池簇连接所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断，以控制所述至少一个电池簇中各电池簇与不同数量的DC/DC变换模块的导通连接，以控制所述储能系统的额定充放电倍率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个电池簇包括第一电池簇；所述控制单元用于控制所述第一电池簇连接所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的第一DC/DC变换模块的开关导通，并控制所述第一电池簇连接所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中除所述第一DC/DC变换模块之外的其他DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，以控制所述储能系统的充放电电流以使所述储能系统的额定充放电倍率为第一额定充放电倍率。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于控制所述第一电池簇连接所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的n个DC/DC变换模块的开关导通，并控制所述第一电池簇连接所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中除所述n个DC/DC变换模块之外的其他DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，以控制所述储能系统的充放电电流以使所述储能系统的额定充放电倍率为第二额定充放电倍率，其中所述n个DC/DC变换模块或者所述其他DC/DC变换模块中包括所述第一DC/DC变换模块，所述第二额定充放电倍率为所述第一额定充放电倍率的n倍，n为大于1的整数。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述储能系统包括至少两个电池簇，所述至少两个电池簇中包括第一电池簇和第二电池簇；
    所述控制单元用于控制所述第一电池簇连接所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的h个DC/DC变换模块的开关导通，控制所述第一电池簇连接所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中除所述h个DC/DC变换模块之外的其他DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，并控制所述第二电池簇连接所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中每一个DC/DC变换模块的开关关断，以控制所述储能系统的充放电电流以使所述储能系统的额定充放电倍率为目标额定充放电倍率，h为大于0的整数。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于根据所 述至少一个电池簇中各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态控制所述各电池簇的充放电，以均衡所述各电池簇的剩余电量。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述各电池簇中包括串联的至少一个电池模组，一个电池模组中包括一个电池管理单元BMU，所述控制单元通过控制总线连接所述各电池簇中各电池模组的BMU，所述控制单元用于通过所述各电池模组的BMU获取所述各电池簇的初始荷电状态。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中一个DC/DC变换模块包括一个电池控制单元BCU，所述控制单元通过控制总线连接所述各DC/DC变换模块中的各BCU，所述控制单元用于通过所述各BCU获取所述各电池簇的输出电流大小。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块包括一个电池控制单元BCU，所述控制单元通过控制总线连接所述BCU，所述控制单元用于通过所述BCU获取所述各电池簇的输出电流大小。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述储能系统还包括功率变换器，所述功率变换器的输入端连接所述直流母线，所述功率变换器的输出端连接交流母线，所述功率变换器用于在所述电池簇放电时，将基于所述直流母线输入的直流电转换为交流电，或者，所述功率变换器用于在所述电池簇充电时，将基于所述交流母线输入的交流电转换为直流电。
  10. 一种储能系统的控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法适用于储能系统，所述储能系统包括至少一个电池簇，至少两个直流DC/DC变换模块和控制单元；其中：
    所述至少一个电池簇中的每一个电池簇的输出端均通过开关与所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的输入端连接，所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块的输出端并联至直流母线，所述控制单元通过控制总线连接所述至少一个电池簇和所述两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块，所述方法包括：
    控制所述至少一个电池簇中每一个电池簇连接所述至少两个DC/DC变换模块中的每一个DC/DC变换模块的开关的导通或者关断，以控制所述至少一个电池簇中各电池簇与不同数量的DC/DC变换模块的连接；
    获取所述各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态；
    根据所述各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态控制所述各电池簇的充放电，以均衡所述各电池簇的剩余电量。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态控制所述各电池簇的充放电，包括：
    根据所述各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态分别控制所述各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率，以控制所述各电池簇的充放电。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述各电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态分别控制所述各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率，包括：
    根据任一电池簇的输出电流大小和初始荷电状态确定所述任一电池簇对应的第一荷电状态；
    根据所述各电池簇对应的第一荷电状态分别控制所述各电池簇对应导通的各DC/DC变换模块的运行功率，以控制所述各电池簇的充放电。
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