WO2023039888A1 - 一种动力电池的充电方法、充电装置和充电系统 - Google Patents

一种动力电池的充电方法、充电装置和充电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023039888A1
WO2023039888A1 PCT/CN2021/119362 CN2021119362W WO2023039888A1 WO 2023039888 A1 WO2023039888 A1 WO 2023039888A1 CN 2021119362 W CN2021119362 W CN 2021119362W WO 2023039888 A1 WO2023039888 A1 WO 2023039888A1
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Prior art keywords
energy storage
storage unit
battery
converter
current
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PCT/CN2021/119362
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蔡金博
娄其栋
张伟
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP21957165.0A priority Critical patent/EP4239828A4/en
Priority to JP2023534400A priority patent/JP7511768B2/ja
Priority to CN202180048177.7A priority patent/CN116137940B/zh
Priority to KR1020237018882A priority patent/KR20230107278A/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2021/119362 priority patent/WO2023039888A1/zh
Publication of WO2023039888A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023039888A1/zh
Priority to US18/305,570 priority patent/US20230261487A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/527—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/529—Current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a charging method, a charging device and a charging system for a power battery.
  • the fast charging of the power battery can be realized by alternately charging and discharging the power battery, wherein, during the discharging process, an energy storage unit can be set to receive the power released by the power battery.
  • an energy storage unit can be set to receive the power released by the power battery.
  • it is often limited by factors such as the capacity of the energy storage unit, and the charging efficiency of the power battery cannot be further improved.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a charging method, a charging device, and a charging system for a power battery, which can improve the charging efficiency of the power battery.
  • the present application provides a method for charging a power battery, which is applied to a charging device.
  • the charging device includes N energy storage units connected in parallel, wherein each energy storage unit includes an energy storage battery and a first DC/DC converter connected to the energy storage battery.
  • Each charging cycle of the charging device includes a stage of charging the power battery and a stage of discharging the power battery to N energy storage units, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the charging method includes: acquiring a first parameter of each energy storage unit in a discharging stage.
  • the first current output by the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit is determined, wherein the first current output by the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit is the same as each Inversely proportional to the first parameter in an energy storage unit. sending a first control signal to the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit, where the first control signal is used to control the first DC/DC converter to output a first current, so that each energy storage unit The first DC/DC converter receives the electricity released by the power battery according to the first current.
  • the embodiment of the present application realizes fast charging of the power battery based on alternate charging and discharging, since the charging device includes multiple energy storage units connected in parallel, and each energy storage unit includes an energy storage battery and a first DC/DC connected to it converter, so by controlling the output current of each first DC/DC converter, it is possible to adjust the amount of electricity discharged from the power battery to each energy storage unit, for example, adjust the power of each energy storage unit according to the first parameter of the energy storage unit
  • the output current of the first DC/DC converter is made to be inversely proportional to the first parameter, so that the power received by each energy storage unit matches its current power, avoiding the problem of energy mismatch between the energy storage units, In this way, the capacity of each energy storage unit can be fully utilized, so that each energy storage unit can more effectively receive the electricity released by the power battery, and the charging efficiency of the power battery is improved.
  • the above-mentioned charging method further includes: at the stage of charging, acquiring the first parameter of each energy storage unit; according to the first parameter, determining the first DC/DC in each energy storage unit The second current output by the converter, wherein the second current output by the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit is proportional to the first parameter in each energy storage unit;
  • the first DC/DC converter sends a second control signal, and the second control signal is used to control the first DC/DC converter to output a second current, so that the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit, Charge the power battery according to the second current.
  • the output current of the first DC/DC converter of each energy storage unit can be adjusted to be proportional to the first parameter, so that the power provided by each energy storage unit is proportional to the current
  • the power is more matched, further realizing the full utilization of the capacity of each energy storage battery, and improving the charging efficiency of the power battery.
  • the above-mentioned first parameter of each energy storage unit includes at least one of the following parameters: the current state of charge (state of charge, SOC) of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit; The current voltage of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit; the current voltage of each energy storage unit.
  • At least one of the current SOC of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit, the current voltage of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit, and the current voltage of each energy storage unit is selected as the first parameter,
  • the current capacity state of the energy storage battery can be characterized more directly, so as to determine the output current of the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit.
  • the above charging device further includes an isolation unit.
  • the isolation unit is connected between the N energy storage units and the power battery, the isolation unit includes M second DC/DC converters, and a switch module connected between the M second DC/DC converters, and M is greater than or a positive integer equal to 2.
  • the above charging method further includes: controlling the switch module to connect M second DC/DC converters in series, so that the voltage output by the isolation unit to the power battery is equal to the voltage output by the N energy storage units or, the control switch module connects M second DC/DC converters in parallel, so that the current output by the isolation unit to the power battery is equal to M times the current output by the N energy storage units.
  • the above embodiment also provides an isolation unit connected between the N energy storage units and the power battery, the isolation unit includes M second DC/DC converters, and is connected to the M second DC/DC converters between the switch modules.
  • the connection mode between the M second DC/DC converters can be changed, so as to realize the adjustment of the output side voltage and the output side current of the isolation unit.
  • the switch module of the isolation unit is controlled to connect M second DC/DC converters in series, the charging device can charge the power battery with high voltage; when the switch module of the isolation unit is controlled to make the M second DC/DC converters When the DC/DC converters are connected in parallel, the charging device can charge the power battery with a large current.
  • the charging device in the above charging method further includes an AC/DC converter, the AC/DC converter is connected between the power battery and the AC power source, so that the AC power source passes through the AC/DC converter Charge the power battery.
  • an AC/DC converter is connected between the power battery and the AC power source, and the AC/DC converter can convert the AC power output by the AC power source into stable DC power to charge the power battery.
  • the energy storage battery and the AC power supply charge the power battery at the same time, it can reduce the charging time of the power battery and further improve the charging efficiency.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a charging device for a power battery.
  • the charging device includes N energy storage units connected in parallel, wherein each energy storage unit includes an energy storage battery and a first battery connected to the energy storage battery.
  • Each charging cycle of the DC/DC converter and the charging device includes a stage of charging the power battery and a stage of discharging the power battery to N energy storage units, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the above-mentioned control module is used for: acquiring the first parameter of each energy storage unit in the stage of discharging.
  • the first current output by the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit is determined, wherein the first current output by the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit is related to each
  • the first parameter in the energy storage unit is inversely proportional. sending a first control signal to the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit, where the first control signal is used to control the first DC/DC converter to output a first current, so that each energy storage unit
  • the first DC/DC converter receives the electricity released by the power battery according to the first current.
  • the embodiment of the present application realizes fast charging of the power battery based on alternate charging and discharging, since the charging device includes multiple energy storage units connected in parallel, and each energy storage unit includes an energy storage battery and a first DC/DC connected to it converter, so by controlling the output current of each first DC/DC converter, it is possible to adjust the amount of electricity discharged from the power battery to each energy storage unit, for example, adjust the power of each energy storage unit according to the first parameter of the energy storage unit
  • the output current of the first DC/DC converter is made to be inversely proportional to the first parameter, so that the power received by each energy storage unit matches its current power, avoiding the problem of energy mismatch between the energy storage units, In this way, the capacity of each energy storage unit can be fully utilized, so that each energy storage unit can more effectively receive the electricity released by the power battery, and the charging efficiency of the power battery is improved.
  • the above control module is further configured to: acquire the first parameter of each energy storage unit during the charging phase. According to the first parameter, the second current output by the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit is determined, wherein the second current output by the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit is the same as each proportional to the first parameter in an energy storage unit. Sending a second control signal to the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit, the second control signal is used to control the first DC/DC converter to output a second current, so that each energy storage unit The first DC/DC converter charges the power battery according to the second current.
  • the output current of the first DC/DC converter of each energy storage unit can be adjusted to be proportional to the current power of the energy storage battery, so that the power provided by each energy storage unit The power is more matched with its current power, which further realizes the full utilization of the capacity of each energy storage battery and improves the charging efficiency of the power battery.
  • the first parameter of each energy storage unit includes at least one of the following parameters: the current SOC of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit; Current voltage; the current voltage of each energy storage unit.
  • At least one of the current SOC of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit, the current voltage of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit, and the current voltage of each energy storage unit is selected as the first parameter,
  • the current capacity state of the energy storage battery can be characterized more directly, so as to determine the output current of the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit.
  • the above-mentioned charging device further includes an isolation unit, and the isolation unit is connected between the N energy storage units and the power battery.
  • the isolation unit includes M second DC/DC converters and a switch module connected between the M second DC/DC converters, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the above-mentioned control module is also used for: controlling the switch module to connect M second DC/DC converters in series, so that the voltage output by the isolation unit to the power battery is equal to M times the voltage output by the N energy storage units.
  • the switching module is controlled to connect M second DC/DC converters in parallel, so that the current output by the isolation unit to the power battery is equal to M times the current output by the N energy storage units.
  • the above embodiment also provides an isolation unit connected between the N energy storage units and the power battery, the isolation unit includes M second DC/DC converters, and is connected to the M second DC/DC converters between the switch modules.
  • the connection mode between the M second DC/DC converters can be changed, so as to realize the adjustment of the output side voltage and the output side current of the isolation unit.
  • the switch module of the isolation unit is controlled to connect M second DC/DC converters in series, the charging device can charge the power battery with high voltage; when the switch module of the isolation unit is controlled to make the M second DC/DC converters When the DC/DC converters are connected in parallel, the charging device can charge the power battery with a large current.
  • the above-mentioned charging device further includes an AC/DC converter, which is connected between the power battery and the AC power source, so that the AC power source can charge the power battery through the AC/DC converter .
  • an AC/DC converter is connected between the power battery and the AC power source, and the AC/DC converter can convert the AC power output by the AC power source into stable DC power to charge the power battery.
  • the energy storage battery and the AC power supply charge the power battery at the same time, it can reduce the charging time of the power battery and further improve the charging efficiency.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an EMS, including a processor, and the processor is configured to execute the method in any possible embodiment of the first aspect and the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a charging system, including a power battery and the charging device in any of the above-mentioned second aspect or any possible embodiment of the second aspect, the charging device is used to charge the power battery, wherein Each charging cycle includes a stage of charging the power battery and a stage of discharging the power battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging cycle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a charging method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a charging method according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging device according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • power batteries can be used as the main power source of electric devices, such as vehicles, ships or spacecraft, while energy storage batteries can be used as the source of charging for electric devices.
  • energy storage batteries can be used as the source of charging for electric devices.
  • the power battery may be a battery in a power consumption device
  • the energy storage battery may be a battery in a charging device.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a charging system applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging system 100 may include: a charging device 100 and a battery system 200 .
  • the battery system 200 may be a battery system in an electric vehicle (including a pure electric vehicle and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) or a battery system in other application scenarios.
  • the power battery 210 can be any type of battery, including but not limited to: lithium ion battery, lithium metal battery, lithium sulfur battery, lead acid battery, nickel battery, nickel metal hydride battery, or lithium air battery and so on.
  • the power battery 210 in the embodiment of the present application can be a battery core/battery monomer (cell), or a battery module or battery pack, wherein the battery module or battery pack can be composed of multiple batteries formed in series and parallel.
  • the specific type and scale of the power battery 210 are not specifically limited.
  • the battery system 200 is generally equipped with a battery management system (battery management system, BMS) 220 for The state of the traction battery 210 is monitored.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the BMS 220 can be integrated with the power battery 210 and set in the same device or device, or the BMS 220 can also be set outside the power battery 210 as an independent device/device.
  • the charging device 100 is a device for supplementing electric energy for the power battery 210 in the battery system 200 .
  • the charging device 100 in the embodiment of the present application may be an ordinary charging pile, a super charging pile, a charging pile supporting a vehicle to grid (V2G) mode, or a charging device or device capable of charging a battery wait.
  • V2G vehicle to grid
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific type and specific application scenarios of the charging device 100 .
  • the charging device 100 can be connected to the power battery 210 through a wire 300, and connected to the BMS 220 through a communication wire 400.
  • the communication line 400 is used to realize the information exchange between the charging device 100 and the BMS 220.
  • the communication line 400 includes, but is not limited to, a controller area network (control area network, CAN) communication bus or a daisy chain (daisy chain) communication bus.
  • a controller area network control area network, CAN
  • daisy chain daisy chain
  • the charging device 100 can also communicate with the BMS 220 through a wireless network.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the communication type between the charging and discharging device and the BMS 220.
  • a charging cycle T includes a stage of charging the power battery 210 and a stage of discharging the power battery 210 .
  • the charging current when the power battery 210 is being charged, the charging current is +I1; when the power battery 210 is being discharged, the charging current is -I2.
  • the power battery 210 After the power battery 210 is charged with a large current, the power battery 210 will be discharged to release the lithium ions accumulated on the negative electrode of the power battery 210 during the charging process, so as to avoid lithium deposition and heat generation in the power battery 210, so the follow-up can
  • the power battery 210 is charged again with a large current, so as to realize fast charging of the power battery 210 .
  • the charging device 100 of the embodiment of the present application is provided with an energy storage unit, which is used to receive the electricity released by the power battery 210 during the discharge phase.
  • the energy storage unit is, for example, an energy storage battery, and the capacity of the energy storage battery directly affects the amount of electricity that the power battery 210 can release.
  • the energy storage battery can contain a large number of cells. When a large number of cells are connected in series, if the consistency of the cells is poor, the failure of individual cells will cause the failure of the entire energy storage battery. failure, directly affects the charging of the power battery 210.
  • these battery cells can be arranged in multiple energy storage batteries respectively, that is, multiple energy storage batteries are used to simultaneously receive the electric power released by the power battery 210 .
  • the charging of the power battery 210 can be unaffected by a certain method, such as bypassing the energy storage battery, and the charging reliability is improved.
  • Multiple energy storage batteries can be connected in parallel.
  • the power battery 210 discharges simultaneously to multiple energy storage batteries connected in parallel, due to the different lines between different energy storage batteries and the power battery 210, such as the length of the bus line, etc., the power battery The electric energy loss in the process of transmitting electric energy to each energy storage battery by the power battery 210 is different, so the electric power released by the power battery 210 to the multiple energy storage batteries is different.
  • the voltage loss caused by the line loss is relatively large, and the voltage discharged from the power battery 210 to the energy storage unit is reduced, so within a certain period of time , the power battery 210 releases less power to the energy storage battery; on the contrary, for the energy storage battery with a smaller line distance from the power battery 210, the voltage loss caused by the line loss is smaller, so the power in the same time The electric quantity that battery 210 discharges to this energy storage battery is just more. In this way, the problem of energy mismatch may occur between each energy storage battery.
  • the energy storage battery with a smaller line distance from the power battery 210 will have more and more power in the continuous charging process.
  • An energy storage battery with a larger line distance will have less and less power during the continuous charging process, resulting in an energy mismatch between the energy storage batteries connected in parallel.
  • the multiple energy storage batteries follow the short plate effect, when one of the energy storage batteries is fully charged, in order to ensure safety, the discharge of the energy storage battery by the power battery 210 is thus terminated. It can be seen that the energy mismatch between each energy storage battery will affect the power transmission efficiency between the power battery 210 and multiple energy storage units, and the capacity of the energy storage battery cannot be fully utilized, so the charging efficiency of the power battery 210 cannot be further improved. promote.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a battery charging scheme, by setting the first DC/DC converter to control the charging current and discharging current of each energy storage battery, so that the amount of electricity received and released by each energy storage battery Matching with its current capacity avoids the energy mismatch between each energy storage battery and improves the charging efficiency of the power battery.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a charging device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging device 100 may be a charging pile or a charging machine, or other types of mobile charging devices, which are not limited here.
  • the charging device 100 may include N energy storage units connected in parallel, such as the energy storage unit 110 , the energy storage unit 120 , etc., where N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • each charging cycle of the charging device 100 includes a stage of charging the power battery 210 and a stage of discharging the power battery 210 to N energy storage units.
  • each energy storage unit includes an energy storage battery and a first DC/DC converter connected to the energy storage battery.
  • the energy storage unit 110 includes an energy storage battery 111 and a first DC/DC converter 112 connected to the energy storage battery 111
  • the energy storage unit 120 includes an energy storage battery 121 and a first DC/DC converter 112 connected to the energy storage battery 121.
  • Converter 122 is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the energy storage battery in each energy storage unit is connected in series with the first DC side of the first DC/DC converter in the energy storage unit, that is, the side where port A and port B are located, wherein each Port A of a DCD/DC converter is connected to the bus bar 230, and port B is connected to an electrode of the corresponding energy storage battery.
  • the current reaching the energy storage battery via the first DC/DC converter is a constant value.
  • the energy storage battery in each energy storage unit is connected in parallel with the second DC side of the first DC/DC converter in the energy storage unit, that is, the side where port C and port D are located, wherein the first DC/DC converter Port C and port D of the device are respectively connected to the two electrodes of the energy storage battery.
  • the energy storage battery 111 in the energy storage unit 110 is connected in series with the first DC/DC converter 112 on the first DC side, and the energy storage battery 111 and the first DC/DC converter 112 are connected in series on the second DC side. in parallel.
  • the energy storage battery 121 in the energy storage unit 120 is connected in series with the first DC/DC converter 122 on the first DC side, and the energy storage battery 121 and the first DC/DC converter 122 are connected in parallel on the second DC side.
  • the above-mentioned first DC/DC converter can be a converter that effectively outputs a fixed current after converting the input current, for example, a DC/DC converter that can work in a constant current mode.
  • the N energy storage units can be any type of energy storage units.
  • the N energy storage units can be any type of energy storage units.
  • N energy storage electric cabinets, and the energy storage batteries in the N energy storage units can be battery modules or battery packs, and the battery modules or battery packs can be formed by connecting multiple cells in series or in parallel.
  • the charging device 100 may further include a control unit 160 .
  • the control unit 160 is connected with N energy storage units, and is used to control the first DC/DC converter in the N energy storage units, so that the power battery 210 discharges to the energy storage unit through the first DC/DC converter, Alternatively, the power battery 210 is charged by the energy storage unit through the first DC/DC converter.
  • the control module 160 can also be connected to the BMS 220 of the power battery 210 through the communication line 400, so as to realize the information exchange between the charging device 100 and the BMS 220.
  • the control module 160 may be, for example, an energy management system (energy management system, EMS) controller in a charging pile or a charger. Further, the control module 160 may also include an auxiliary source system.
  • energy management system energy management system, EMS
  • EMS energy management system
  • FIG. 4 shows a charging method 40 according to an embodiment of the present application, which is used to charge a power battery 210 .
  • the method 40 can be executed by the control module 160, and specifically includes some or all of the following steps.
  • Step 410 In the discharge phase, obtain the first parameter of each energy storage unit.
  • the first parameter is associated with the current electric quantity of the energy storage battery in each energy storage unit.
  • the first parameter may include at least one of the following parameters: the current SOC of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit; the current voltage of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit; the current voltage of each energy storage unit .
  • selecting at least one of the current SOC of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit, the current voltage VB of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit, and the current voltage VC of each energy storage unit as the first parameter can be More directly characterize the current capacity state of the energy storage battery.
  • Step 420 According to the first parameter, determine the first current output by the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit. Wherein, the first current output by the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit is inversely proportional to the first parameter in each energy storage unit.
  • the SOC of the energy storage battery 111 in the energy storage unit 110 is SOC 1
  • the SOC of the energy storage battery 121 in the energy storage unit 120 is SOC 2
  • the voltage of the energy storage battery 111 in the energy storage unit 110 is VB 1
  • the voltage of the energy storage battery 121 in the energy storage unit 120 is VB 2
  • the voltage of the energy storage unit 110 is VC 1
  • the voltage of the energy storage unit 120 is VC 2.
  • Step 430 Send a first control signal to the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit.
  • the first control signal is used to control the first DC/DC converter to output the first current, so that the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit receives the electric power released by the power battery 210 according to the first current .
  • the rapid charging of the power battery is realized based on alternate charging and discharging, because the charging device includes multiple energy storage units connected in parallel, and each energy storage unit includes an energy storage battery and a first DC connected to it.
  • /DC converter so by controlling the output current of each first DC/DC converter, it is possible to adjust the amount of electricity discharged from the power battery to each energy storage unit, for example, adjust each energy storage unit according to the first parameter of the energy storage unit
  • the output current of the first DC/DC converter of the unit is inversely proportional to the first parameter, so that the power received by each energy storage unit matches its current power, avoiding the occurrence of energy mismatch between the various energy storage units Problems, so as to realize the full utilization of the capacity of each energy storage unit, so that each energy storage unit can more effectively receive the power released by the power battery, and improve the charging efficiency of the power battery.
  • the control module 160 can receive the discharge current sent by the BMS 220, which is the current required for the power battery 210 to discharge.
  • the control module 160 can obtain the first parameter of each energy storage unit at the same time, so as to adjust the first DC/DC conversion in each energy storage unit according to the discharge current of the power battery 210 and the first parameter of each energy storage unit
  • the first current output by the device so that the first current is inversely proportional to the first parameter in each energy storage unit.
  • the distance between the energy storage battery 121 in the energy storage unit 120 and the power battery 210 is relatively large, and the line loss band
  • the voltage loss from the power battery 210 is relatively large, and the voltage discharged from the power battery 210 to the energy storage battery 121 is reduced, so within a certain period of time, the power battery 210 discharges to the energy storage battery 121 is less;
  • the distance of the line 230 between the energy storage battery 111 and the power battery 210 is small, the voltage loss caused by line loss is small, and the power battery 210 discharges more electricity to the energy storage battery 111 within the same time period. In this way, the power battery 210 releases more electricity to the energy storage battery 111 , but less electricity to the energy storage battery 121 . In this way, an energy mismatch gradually occurs between the two energy storage batteries.
  • the control module 160 controls the first DC/DC converter 122 connected to the energy storage battery 121 to output a relatively large first current I2 to the energy storage battery 121;
  • the control module 160 controls the first DC/DC converter 112 connected to the energy storage battery 111 to output a small first current I1 to the energy storage battery 111 .
  • the power received by the energy storage unit 110 and the energy storage unit 120 matches its current power, the energy storage battery 121 with a low current power can receive more power from the power battery 210, and the energy storage battery with a large current power can receive more power from the power battery 210.
  • 111 receives less power from the power battery 210, so that the energy of each energy storage unit is relatively balanced after the power battery 210 is discharged, and the capacity of each energy storage unit is fully utilized to improve charging efficiency.
  • control module 160 controls the first DC/DC converter during the discharge phase of the power battery 210 to the N energy storage units.
  • the control module 160 can also control the first DC/DC converter during the charging phase of the N energy storage units The first DC/DC converter is controlled to make the energy among the N energy storage units more balanced.
  • the above method 40 may also include:
  • Step 440 In the stage of charging, obtain the first parameter of each energy storage unit.
  • the first parameter is associated with the current electric quantity of the energy storage battery in each energy storage unit.
  • the first parameter may include at least one of the following parameters: the current SOC of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit; the current voltage of the energy storage battery of each energy storage unit; the current voltage of each energy storage unit .
  • Step 450 According to the first parameter, determine the second current output by the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit, wherein the second current output by the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit The current is proportional to the first parameter in each energy storage unit.
  • the SOC of the energy storage battery 111 in the energy storage unit 110 is SOC 1
  • the SOC of the energy storage battery 121 in the energy storage unit 120 is SOC 2
  • the voltage of the energy storage battery 111 in the energy storage unit 110 is VB 1
  • the voltage of the energy storage battery 121 in the energy storage unit 120 is VB 2
  • the voltage of the energy storage unit 110 is VC 1
  • the voltage of the energy storage unit 120 is VC 2.
  • Step 460 Send a second control signal to the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit, wherein the second control signal is used to control the first DC/DC converter to output a second current, so that each The first DC/DC converter in the energy storage unit charges the power battery 210 according to the second current.
  • the rapid charging of the power battery is realized based on alternate charging and discharging, because the charging device includes multiple energy storage units connected in parallel, and each energy storage unit includes an energy storage battery and a first DC connected to it.
  • /DC converter so by controlling the output current of each first DC/DC converter, it is possible to adjust the amount of electricity that each energy storage unit charges the power battery, for example, adjust each energy storage unit according to the first parameter of the energy storage unit
  • the output current of the first DC/DC converter of the unit is proportional to the first parameter, so that the power released by each energy storage unit matches its current power more, and the energy mismatch between the various energy storage units is avoided. Problems, so as to realize the full utilization of the capacity of each energy storage unit, so that each energy storage unit can more effectively release the power to charge the power battery, and improve the charging efficiency of the power battery.
  • the control module 160 can receive the charging current sent by the BMS 220, which is the current required for charging the power battery 210.
  • the control module 160 can obtain the first parameter of each energy storage unit at the same time, so as to adjust the first DC/DC conversion in each energy storage unit according to the charging current of the power battery 210 and the first parameter of each energy storage unit
  • the second current output by the device so that the second current is proportional to the first parameter in each energy storage unit.
  • the distance between the energy storage battery 121 in the energy storage unit 120 and the power battery 210 is relatively large, and the line loss band
  • the voltage loss from the energy storage battery 121 is relatively large, and the voltage for charging the power battery 210 from the energy storage battery 121 is reduced, so within a certain period of time, the energy storage battery 121 charges the power battery 210 with less power;
  • the distance of the line 230 between the energy storage battery 111 and the power battery 210 is small, and the voltage loss caused by the line loss is small.
  • the energy storage battery 121 charges more power to the power battery 210 .
  • the energy storage battery 111 charges more electricity to the power battery 210
  • the energy storage battery 121 charges less electricity to the power battery 210 .
  • an energy mismatch gradually occurs between the two energy storage batteries.
  • the control module 160 controls the first DC/DC converter 122 connected to the energy storage battery 121 to output a smaller second current I2 to the energy storage battery 121; Specifically, when the current power of the energy storage battery 111 is relatively large, the control module 160 controls the first DC/DC converter 112 connected to the energy storage battery 111 to output a relatively large second current I1 to the energy storage battery 111 .
  • the power charged by the energy storage unit 110 and the energy storage unit 120 to the power battery 210 matches its current power, the energy storage battery 121 with a low current power can release less power to the power battery 210, and the power battery 121 with a large current power
  • the energy storage battery 111 releases more power to the power battery 210, so that the energy between the various energy storage units charged to the power battery 210 is relatively balanced, realizing the full utilization of the capacity of each energy storage unit, and improving the charging efficiency. efficiency.
  • the above method 40 when the value of the first parameter of any two energy storage units has a large difference, for example, when the difference between the SOC or the voltage of the two energy storage units is greater than a preset threshold, the above method 40 The output current of the first DC/DC in the N energy storage units is controlled.
  • the energy storage unit 110 and the energy storage unit 120 in FIG. 3 as an example, when the difference between the SOC of the energy storage battery 111 and the SOC of the energy storage battery 121 exceeds a preset SOC threshold such as 2%, or the energy storage Only when the difference between the voltage of the battery 111 and the voltage of the energy storage battery 121 is greater than a preset voltage threshold such as 10V, the output current of the first DC/DC converter in the N energy storage units will be controlled and adjusted.
  • a preset SOC threshold such as 2%
  • a preset voltage threshold such as 10V
  • control module 160 may also calculate a duration T according to the difference between the first parameters of the two energy storage units. After the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit operates according to the corresponding first current for T, recalculate the first parameter of each energy storage unit to determine whether the first DC/DC converter in each energy storage unit is still required A DC/DC converter continues to work with the corresponding first current. Since the power battery 210 is discharging to the energy storage battery, the voltage and capacity of the energy storage battery are gradually increasing. If the time T is not set, it may occur again after the power between the energy storage batteries reaches equilibrium due to over-regulation. lost pair.
  • the control module 160 can control The first output current of the first DC/DC converter connected to the energy storage battery is 0, which is equivalent to bypassing the fully charged energy storage battery, so that the power battery 210 no longer discharges to the energy storage battery, Overcharging of the energy storage battery is effectively avoided, while the first current of the first DC/DC converter in the remaining energy storage units remains unchanged.
  • the power battery 210 can be charged only by the AC power source 150 , that is, the power grid, or the power battery 210 can be charged by N energy storage units and the AC power source 150 , so as to further improve the charging efficiency.
  • the charging device 100 also includes an AC/DC converter 140, the AC/DC converter 140 is connected between the power battery 210 and the AC power source 150, and when the power battery 210 is charged, the AC power output by the AC power source 150 The AC/DC converter 140 converts it into a stable direct current to charge the power battery 210 .
  • the control module 160 can control the AC/DC converter 140 so that the AC power source 150 charges the power battery 210 through the AC/DC converter 140 .
  • the AC power supply 150 can be used to receive electricity, that is, to allow grid-connected discharge
  • the power battery 210 can discharge to N energy storage units and the AC power supply 150 at the same time.
  • the control module controls the AC/DC converter 140 so that the power battery 210 discharges to the AC power source 150 through the AC/DC converter 140 .
  • the AC/DC converter 140 when the AC/DC converter 140 is also connected between the power battery 210 and the AC power source 150, the AC/DC converter 140 can not only convert the AC power output by the AC power source 150 into a stable DC power, so that the AC power source 150 can generate power.
  • the battery 210 is charged, and the DC power output by the power battery 210 can also be converted into AC power during the discharge phase of the power battery 210, so that the power of the power battery 210 is released into the AC power supply 150, and the power battery 210 can simultaneously store energy to N
  • the unit and the AC power supply 150 are discharged, reducing the duration of the discharge phase of the power battery 210 and further improving the charging efficiency.
  • the power battery 210 can only discharge to N energy storage units.
  • the charging device 100 may further include an isolation unit 130 .
  • the isolation unit 130 is connected between the N energy storage units and the power battery 210, and the isolation unit 130 includes M second DC/DC converters and switches connected between the M second DC/DC converters.
  • Module 133, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the control module 160 can control the switch module 133 to connect M second DC/DC converters in series. At this time, the voltage output from the isolation unit 130 to the power battery 210 is equal to M times the voltage output from the N energy storage units.
  • the control module 160 can also control the switch module 133 to connect M second DC/DC converters in parallel. At this time, the current output by the isolation unit 130 to the power battery 210 is equal to M times the current output by the N energy storage units.
  • the isolation unit 130 includes two second DC/DC converters, that is, a second DC/DC converter 131 and a second DC/DC converter 132.
  • N storage When the energy unit charges the power battery 210, the side connected to the N energy storage units of the second DC/DC converter 131 and the second DC/DC converter 132 is used as the input end, and the side connected to the power battery 210 is used as the output terminal. end.
  • the input end of the second DC/DC converter 131 and the input end of the second DC/DC converter 132 are connected in parallel, the output end of the second DC/DC converter 131 and the output end of the second DC/DC converter 132
  • a switch module 133 is connected therebetween.
  • the switch module 133 may include a switch K1 , a switch K2 and a switch K3 .
  • the control module 160 can control the switch K1 in the switch module 133 to close, so that the output terminals of the second DC/DC converter 131 and the second DC/DC converter 132 are connected in series, In this way, the voltage output from the isolation unit 130 to the power battery 210 is equal to twice the voltage output by the N energy storage units.
  • the control module 160 can control the parallel switch K2 and the parallel switch K3 in the switch module 133, so that the second DC/DC converter 131 and the second DC/DC converter 132 The output terminals are connected in parallel, so that the current output from the isolation unit 130 to the power battery 210 is equal to twice the total current output by the N energy storage units.
  • the isolation unit 130 since the isolation unit 130 is set to be connected between the N energy storage units and the power battery 210, the isolation unit 130 includes M second DC/DC converters and is connected between the M second DC/DC converters.
  • the switch module 133 By controlling the switch module 133 , the series-parallel relationship of the M second DC/DC converters at the output end can be changed, so as to realize the adjustment of the output voltage of the isolation unit 130 to the power battery 210 .
  • the switch module 133 of the isolation unit 130 when the switch module 133 of the isolation unit 130 is controlled to connect M second DC/DC converters in series, the power battery 210 can be charged with a large voltage; when the switch module 133 of the isolation unit 130 is controlled to make M When the two second DC/DC converters are connected in parallel, the currents output by each second DC/DC converter are superimposed, so that the power battery 210 can be charged with a large current.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an EMS, including a processor configured to execute the charging method in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a charging system, including a power battery; and the charging device 100 in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the charging device 100 is used to charge the power battery 210 , wherein each charging cycle includes a stage of charging the power battery 210 and a stage of discharging the power battery 210 .

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Abstract

一种动力电池的充电方法和充电装置（100），能够提高充电效率。该充电方法应用于一种充电装置，该充电装置包括并联的N个储能单元（110、120），其中每个储能单元包括储能电池（111、121）以及与储能电池连接的第一DC/DC转换器（112、122），该充电装置的每个充电周期包括对动力电池（210）充电的阶段，以及动力电池对N个储能单元放电的阶段。该充电方法包括：在放电的阶段，获取每个储能单元中的第一参数；根据第一参数确定每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流，其中该第一电流与该储能单元的第一参数成反比；向该第一DC/DC转换器发送第一电流，以使该储能电池通过该第一DC/DC转换器，按照第一电流接收动力电池释放的电量。

Description

一种动力电池的充电方法、充电装置和充电系统 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种动力电池的充电方法、充电装置和充电系统。
背景技术
随着不可再生能源的消耗及对环境保护的迫切需求，使用可充电电池作为动力源的新能源电动汽车迅速发展。目前，可以采用对动力电池交替进行充电和放电的方式，实现对动力电池的快速充电，其中，在放电过程中，可以设置储能单元用来接收动力电池释放的电量。然而，在对动力电池充电的过程中，往往受限于储能单元的容量等因素，动力电池的充电效率无法进一步提升。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种动力电池的充电方法、充电装置和充电系统，能够提升动力电池的充电效率。
第一方面，本申请提供一种动力电池的充电方法，应用于一种充电装置。该充电装置包括并联的N个储能单元，其中每个储能单元包括储能电池以及与所述储能电池连接的第一DC/DC转换器。充电装置的每个充电周期包括对动力电池充电的阶段，以及动力电池对N个储能单元放电的阶段，N为大于1的正整数。充电方法包括：在放电的阶段，获取每个储能单元的第一参数。根据该第一参数，确定每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流，其中，每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流与每个储能单元中的第一参数成反比。向每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器发送第一控制信号，该第一控制信号用于控制第一DC/DC转换器输出第一电流，以使每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器，按照第一电流接收 动力电池释放的电量。
本申请实施例基于交替充放电的方式实现对动力电池的快速充电，由于充电装置包括并联的多个储能单元，且每个储能单元包括储能电池以及与其相连接的第一DC/DC转换器，因此通过控制每个第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流，就可以调节动力电池向每个储能单元放电的电量，例如根据储能单元的第一参数调节每个储能单元的第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流，使其与第一参数成反比，从而使每个储能单元接收的电量与其当前电量相匹配，避免各个储能单元之间发生能量失配的问题，从而实现对各个储能单元的容量的充分利用，使各个储能单元更有效地接收动力电池释放的电量，提升了动力电池的充电效率。
在一种可能的实施例中，上述充电方法还包括：在充电的阶段，获取每个储能单元的第一参数；根据该第一参数，确定每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第二电流，其中，每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第二电流与每个储能单元中的第一参数成正比；向每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器发送第二控制信号，第二控制信号用于控制第一DC/DC转换器输出第二电流，以使每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器，按照第二电流向动力电池充电。
上述实施例中，在向动力电池充电的阶段，可以通过调节每个储能单元的第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流与第一参数成正比，使每个储能单元提供的电量与其当前电量更加匹配，进一步实现对各个储能电池的容量的充分利用，提升动力电池的充电效率。
在一种可能的实施例中，上述每个储能单元的第一参数包括以下参数中的至少一种：每个储能单元的储能电池当前的荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)；每个储能单元的储能电池当前的电压；每个储能单元当前的电压。
上述实施例中，选取每个储能单元的储能电池当前的SOC、每个储能单元的储能电池当前的电压、每个储能单元当前的电压中的至少一种作为第一参数，可以更直接地表征储能电池当前的容量状态，由此来确定每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流。
在一种可能的实施例中，上述充电装置还包括隔离单元。该隔离单元连接在N个储能单元与动力电池之间，隔离单元包括M个第二DC/DC转换 器、以及连接在M个第二DC/DC转换器之间的开关模块，M为大于或等于2的正整数。
在一种可能的实施例中，上述充电方法还包括：控制开关模块将M个第二DC/DC转换器串联，以使隔离单元向动力电池输出的电压，等于N个储能单元输出的电压的M倍；或者，控制开关模块将M个第二DC/DC转换器并联，以使隔离单元向动力电池输出的电流，等于N个储能单元输出的电流的M倍。
上述实施例还提供了一种隔离单元，连接在N个储能单元与动力电池之间，该隔离单元包括M个第二DC/DC转换器、以及连接在M个第二DC/DC转换器之间的开关模块。通过控制该开关模块，可以改变M个第二DC/DC转换器之间的连接方式，从而实现对隔离单元的输出侧电压和输出侧电流的调节。其中，当控制该隔离单元的开关模块使M个第二DC/DC转换器之间串联时，可以实现充电装置对动力电池的大电压充电；当控制该隔离单元的开关模块使M个第二DC/DC转换器之间并联时，可以实现充电装置对动力电池的大电流充电。
在一种可能的实施例中，上述充电方法中的充电装置还包括AC/DC转换器，该AC/DC转换器连接在动力电池与交流电源之间，以使交流电源通过AC/DC转换器向动力电池充电。
上述实施例中，动力电池与交流电源之间还连接有AC/DC转换器，该AC/DC转换器可以将交流电源输出的交流电转换为稳定的直流电，以对动力电池进行充电。当储能电池和交流电源同时向动力电池充电时，能够减小动力电池充电时长，进一步提升充电效率。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种动力电池的充电装置，该充电装置包括并联的N个储能单元，其中每个储能单元包括储能电池以及与储能电池连接的第一DC/DC转换器，充电装置的每个充电周期包括对动力电池充电的阶段，以及动力电池对N个储能单元放电的阶段，N为大于1的正整数。上述控制模块用于：在放电的阶段，获取每个储能单元的第一参数。根据第一参数，确定每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流，其中，每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流与每个储能单元中的第一参数成反比。向每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器发送第一 控制信号，该第一控制信号用于控制第一DC/DC转换器输出第一电流，以使每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器，按照第一电流接收动力电池释放的电量。
本申请实施例基于交替充放电的方式实现对动力电池的快速充电，由于充电装置包括并联的多个储能单元，且每个储能单元包括储能电池以及与其相连接的第一DC/DC转换器，因此通过控制每个第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流，就可以调节动力电池向每个储能单元放电的电量，例如根据储能单元的第一参数调节每个储能单元的第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流，使其与第一参数成反比，从而使每个储能单元接收的电量与其当前电量相匹配，避免各个储能单元之间发生能量失配的问题，从而实现对各个储能单元的容量的充分利用，使各个储能单元更有效地接收动力电池释放的电量，提升了动力电池的充电效率。
在一种可能的实施例中，上述控制模块还用于：在充电的阶段，获取每个储能单元的第一参数。根据该第一参数，确定每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第二电流，其中，每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第二电流与每个储能单元中的第一参数成正比。向每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器发送第二控制信号，该第二控制信号用于控制第一DC/DC转换器输出第二电流，以使每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器，按照第二电流向动力电池充电。
上述实施例中，在向动力电池充电的阶段，可以通过调节每个储能单元的第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流与储能电池的当前电量成正比，使每个储能单元提供的电量与其当前电量更加匹配，进一步实现对各个储能电池的容量的充分利用，提升动力电池的充电效率。
在一种可能的实施例中，上述每个储能单元的第一参数包括以下参数中的至少一种：每个储能单元的储能电池当前的SOC；每个储能单元的储能电池当前的电压；每个储能单元当前的电压。
上述实施例中，选取每个储能单元的储能电池当前的SOC、每个储能单元的储能电池当前的电压、每个储能单元当前的电压中的至少一种作为第一参数，可以更直接地表征储能电池当前的容量状态，由此来确定每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流。
在一种可能的实施例中，上述充电装置还包括隔离单元，该隔离单元连接在N个储能单元与动力电池之间。隔离单元包括M个第二DC/DC转换器、以及连接在M个第二DC/DC转换器之间的开关模块，M为大于或等于2的正整数。上述控制模块还用于：控制开关模块将M个第二DC/DC转换器串联，以使隔离单元向动力电池输出的电压，等于N个储能单元输出的电压的M倍。或者，控制所述开关模块将M个第二DC/DC转换器并联，以使隔离单元向动力电池输出的电流，等于N个储能单元输出的电流的M倍。
上述实施例还提供了一种隔离单元，连接在N个储能单元与动力电池之间，该隔离单元包括M个第二DC/DC转换器、以及连接在M个第二DC/DC转换器之间的开关模块。通过控制该开关模块，可以改变M个第二DC/DC转换器之间的连接方式，从而实现对隔离单元的输出侧电压和输出侧电流的调节。其中，当控制该隔离单元的开关模块使M个第二DC/DC转换器之间串联时，可以实现充电装置对动力电池的大电压充电；当控制该隔离单元的开关模块使M个第二DC/DC转换器之间并联时，可以实现充电装置对动力电池的大电流充电。
在一种可能的实施例中，上述充电装置还包括AC/DC转换器，该AC/DC转换器连接在动力电池与交流电源之间，以使交流电源通过AC/DC转换器向动力电池充电。
上述实施例中，动力电池与交流电源之间还连接有AC/DC转换器，该AC/DC转换器可以将交流电源输出的交流电转换为稳定的直流电，以对动力电池进行充电。当储能电池和交流电源同时向动力电池充电时，能够减小动力电池充电时长，进一步提升充电效率。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种EMS，包括处理器，该处理器用于执行如上述第一方面和第一方面中任一种可能的实施例中的方法。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种充电系统，包括动力电池和上述第二方面或第二方面的任一种可能的实施例中的充电装置，该充电装置用于向动力电池充电，其中给每个充电周期包括对动力电池充电的阶段，以及动力电池放电的阶段。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例的充电系统的结构示意图。
图2是本申请一实施例的充电周期示意图。
图3是本申请一实施例的充电装置的结构示意图。
图4是本申请一实施例的充电方法的流程示意图。
图5是本申请另一实施例的充电方法的流程示意图。
图6是本申请另一实施例的充电装置的结构示意图。
图7是本申请再一实施例的充电装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在新能源领域中，动力电池可作为用电装置，例如车辆、船舶或航天器等的主要动力源，而储能电池可作为用电装置的充电来源，二者的重要性均不言而喻。作为示例而非限定，在一些应用场景中，动力电池可为用电装置中的电池，储能电池可为充电装置中的电池。
图1示出了本申请实施例适用的一种充电系统的结构示意图。
如图1所示，该充电系统100可包括：充电装置100和电池系统200。可选地，电池系统200可为电动汽车(包含纯电动汽车和可插电的混合动力电动汽车)中的电池系统或者其它应用场景下的电池系统。
可选地，电池系统200中可设置有至少一个电池包(battery pack)，该至少一个电池包的整体可统称为动力电池210。从电池的种类而言，该动力电池210可以是任意类型的电池，包括但不限于：锂离子电池、锂金属电池、锂硫电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、或者锂空气电池等等。从电池的规模而言，本申请实施例中的动力电池210可以是电芯/电池单体(cell)，也可以是电池模组或电池包，其中电池模组或电池包均可由多个电池串并联形成。在本申请实施例中，动力电池210的具体类型和规模均不做具体限定。
此外，为了智能化管理及维护该动力电池210，防止电池出现过充电和过放电，延长电池的使用寿命，电池系统200中一般还设置有电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)220，用于监控动力电池210的状态。可选地，该BMS 220可以与动力电池210集成设置于同一设备或装置中，或者，该BMS 220也可作为独立的设备/装置设置于动力电池210之外。
具体地，充电装置100是一种为电池系统200中的动力电池210补充电能的装置。
可选地，本申请实施例中的充电装置100可以为普通充电桩、超级充电桩、支持汽车对电网(vehicle to grid，V2G)模式的充电桩，或者可以对电池进行充电的充电装置或设备等。本申请实施例对充电装置100的具体类型和具体应用场景不做限定。
可选地，如图1所示，充电装置100可通过电线300连接于动力电池 210，且通过通信线400连接于BMS 220。其中，通信线400用于实现充电装置100和BMS 220之间的信息交互。
作为示例，该通信线400包括但不限于是控制器局域网(control area network,CAN)通信总线或者菊花链(daisy chain)通信总线。
可选地，充电装置100除了可通过通信线400与BMS 220进行通信以外，还可以通过无线网络与BMS 220进行通信。本申请实施例对充放电装置与BMS 220的通信类型不做具体限定。
当采用传统的充电方式对动力电池210进行持续充电时，受限于持续充电过程中的锂离子在电池负极的聚集，充电电流也受到了限制，因而无法利用持续的大电流实现对电池的快速充电。为了实现对动力电池210的快速充电，本申请实施例中采用对动力电池210交替进行充电和放电的方式，实现对动力电池210的快速充电。
例如，如图2所示，一个充电周期T包括对动力电池210充电的阶段、以及动力电池210放电的阶段。其中，在对动力电池210充电的阶段，充电电流为+I1；在动力电池210放电的阶段，充电电流为-I2。由于在对动力电池210进行大电流充电后，动力电池210会放电，以释放充电的过程中聚集在动力电池210的负极的锂离子，避免动力电池210出现析锂、发热等情况，因此后续可以再次利用大电流对动力电池210进行充电，从而实现对动力电池210的快速充电。
本申请实施例的充电装置100中设置有储能单元，该储能单元用来接收动力电池210在放电阶段所释放的电量。该储能单元例如为储能电池，储能电池的容量直接影响动力电池210能够释放的电量。为了提高储能电池的容量，该储能电池可以包含大量的电芯，当大量的电芯串联在一起时，如果电芯一致性较差，那么其中个别电芯的失效会导致整个储能电池的失效，直接影响动力电池210的充电。为了提高充电的可靠性，可以将这些电芯分别设置于多个储能电池中，即采用多个储能电池同时接收动力电池210释放的电量。这样，当其中某个储能电池中的电芯失效时，通过一定的方式，例如将该储能电池旁路掉，就能够使动力电池210的充电不受影响，提高了充电的可靠性。
多个储能电池可以并联在一起，当动力电池210向并联的多个储能电 池同时放电时，由于不同储能电池与动力电池210之间的线路例如母线线路的长度等不同，使得动力电池210向各个储能电池传输电能的过程中的电能损耗不同，因此动力电池210向该多个储能电池中释放的电量就不同。例如，对于与动力电池210之间的线路距离较大的储能电池，线损带来的电压损失较大，动力电池210向该储能单元放电的电压就减小了，那么在一定时间内，动力电池210向该储能电池释放的电量就少；相反，对于与动力电池210之间的线路距离较小的储能电池，线损带来的电压损失较小，那么相同时间内，动力电池210向该储能电池释放的电量就多。这样，各个储能电池之间就可能发生能量失配的问题，与动力电池210之间的线路距离较小的储能电池在持续充电过程中电量会越来越多，与动力电池210之间的线路距离较大的储能电池在持续充电过程中电量会越来越少，导致并联在一起的各储能电池之间发生能量失配。
类似地，当并联的多个储能电池向动力电池210同时充电时，线损等因素也会导致相同的问题，例如，对于与动力电池210之间的线路距离较大的储能电池，线损带来的电压损失较大，该储能电池向动力电池充电的电压就相应减小，向动力电池充电的电量就少；相反，对于与动力电池210之间的线路距离较小的储能电池，线损带来的电压损失较小，该储能电池向向动力电池充电的电量就较大。长此以往，各个储能电池之间可能发生能量失配的问题。
由于该多个储能电池之间遵循短板效应，当其中某个储能电池达到满充时，为了保证安全性，动力电池210对储能电池的放电因此而终止。可见，各个储能电池之间的能量失配，会影响动力电池210与多个储能单元之间的电量传输效率，储能电池的容量无法得到充分利用，因此动力电池210的充电效率无法进一步提升。
为此，本申请实施例提出一种电池充电的方案，通过设置第一DC/DC转换器对每个储能电池的充电电流和放电电流进行控制，使每个储能电池接收和释放的电量与其当前容量相匹配，避免各个储能电池之间的能量失配，提升了动力电池的充电效率。
图3示出了本申请实施例的充电装置100的结构示意图。充电装置100可以是充电桩或者充电机，也可以是其他类型的移动充电装置，此处不 做限定。
充电装置100可包括并联的N个储能单元，例如储能单元110、储能单元120等，N为大于1的正整数。其中，充电装置100的每个充电周期包括对动力电池210充电的阶段，以及动力电池210对N个储能单元放电的阶段。
如图3所示，每个储能单元包括储能电池、以及与该储能电池连接的第一DC/DC转换器。例如，储能单元110包括储能电池111和与储能电池111连接的第一DC/DC转换器112，储能单元120包括储能电池121和与储能电池121连接的第一DC/DC转换器122。
具体地，每个储能单元中的储能电池与该储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器的第一DC侧串联，即端口A和端口B所在的一侧，其中，每个第一DCD/DC转换器的端口A连接至母线230，端口B与对应的储能电池的一个电极相连。当第一DC/DC转换器工作时，经由第一DC/DC转换器到达储能电池的电流为恒定值。
每个储能单元中的储能电池与该储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器的第二DC侧并联，即端口C和端口D所在的一侧，其中，第一DC/DC转换器的端口C和端口D分别连接至储能电池的两个电极。如图3所示，储能单元110中的储能电池111与第一DC/DC转换器112在第一DC侧串联，储能电池111与第一DC/DC转换器112在第二DC侧并联。储能单元120中的储能电池121与第一DC/DC转换器122在第一DC侧串联，储能电池121与第一DC/DC转换器122在第二DC侧并联。
可选地，上述第一DC/DC转换器可为转换输入电流后有效输出固定电流的转换器，例如可在恒流模式下工作的DC/DC转换器。
可选地，N个储能单元可为
N个储能电柜，并且，N个储能单元中的储能电池可为电池模组或电池包，电池模组或电池包均可由多个电芯串联或者并联形成。
进一步地，充电装置100还可包括控制单元160。其中，控制单元160与N个储能单元相连，用于控制N个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器，以由动力电池210通过第一DC/DC转换器向储能单元放电，或者，由 储能单元通过第一DC/DC转换器对动力电池210充电。控制模块160还可以通过通信线400连接于动力电池210的BMS 220，以实现充电装置100和BMS 220之间的信息交互。
该控制模块160例如可以是充电桩或者充电机中的能量管理系统(energy management system，EMS)控制器。进一步地，该控制模块160还可以包括辅源系统。
图4示出了本申请实施例的充电方法40，用于对动力电池210进行充电。该方法40可以由控制模块160执行，具体包括以下步骤中的部分或者全部。
步骤410：在放电阶段，获取每个储能单元的第一参数。
其中，第一参数与每个储能单元中的储能电池的当前电量相关联。例如，该第一参数可以包括以下参数中的至少一种：每个储能单元的储能电池当前的SOC；每个储能单元的储能电池当前的电压；每个储能单元当前的电压。
每个储能单元中的储能电池的SOC越大、该储能单元中的储能电池当前的电压VB越大、或者该储能单元当前的电压VC即母线230上的电压越大，则表示该储能单元中的储能电池的当前电量越多；相反，每个储能单元中的储能电池的SOC越小、该储能单元中的储能电池当前的电压VB越小、或者该储能单元当前的电压VC即母线230上的电压越小，则表征该储能单元中的储能电池的当前电量越少。
可见，选取每个储能单元的储能电池当前的SOC、每个储能单元的储能电池当前的电压VB、每个储能单元当前的电压VC中的至少一种作为第一参数，可以更直接地表征储能电池当前的容量状态。
步骤420：根据该第一参数，确定每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流。其中，每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流与每个储能单元中的第一参数成反比。
以图3中的储能单元110和储能单元120为例，假设储能单元110中的储能电池111的SOC为SOC 1，储能单元120中的储能电池121的SOC为SOC 2，储能单元110中的储能电池111的电压为VB 1，储能单元120中 的储能电池121的电压为VB 2，储能单元110的电压为VC 1，储能单元120的电压为VC 2。如果第一参数为储能电池的SOC，可以设置第一DC/DC转换器121输出的第一电流I1和第一DC/DC转换器122输出的第一电流I2满足：I1/I2＝SOC 2/SOC 1；如果第一参数为储能电池的电压，可以设置I1/I2＝VB 2/VB 1；如果第一参数为储能单元的电压，可以设置I1/I2＝VC 2/VC 1。
步骤430：向每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器发送第一控制信号。其中，该第一控制信号用于控制第一DC/DC转换器输出第一电流，以使每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器，按照第一电流接收动力电池210释放的电量。
在该实施例中，基于交替充放电的方式实现对动力电池的快速充电，由于充电装置包括并联的多个储能单元，且每个储能单元包括储能电池以及与其相连接的第一DC/DC转换器，因此通过控制每个第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流，就可以调节动力电池向每个储能单元放电的电量，例如根据储能单元的第一参数调节每个储能单元的第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流，使其与第一参数成反比，从而使每个储能单元接收的电量与其当前电量相匹配，避免各个储能单元之间发生能量失配的问题，从而实现对各个储能单元的容量的充分利用，使各个储能单元更有效地接收动力电池释放的电量，提升了动力电池的充电效率。
具体地，在动力电池210向N个储能单元放电时，控制模块160可以接收BMS 220发送的放电电流，该放电电流为动力电池210放电所需的电流。控制模块160可以同时获取每个储能单元的第一参数，从而根据动力电池210的放电电流、以及每个储能单元的第一参数，调节每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流，以使该第一电流与每个储能单元中的第一参数成反比。
举例来说，如图3所示，以储能单元110和储能单元120为例，储能单元120中的储能电池121与动力电池210之间的线路230的距离较大，线损带来的电压损失较大，动力电池210向储能电池121放电的电压就减小了，那么在一定时间内，动力电池210向储能电池121释放的电量就少；而储能单元110中的储能电池111与动力电池210之间的线路230的距离较 小，线损带来的电压损失较小，在相同时间内，动力电池210向储能电池111释放的电量就多。这样就导致动力电池210向储能电池111释放的电量多，而向储能电池121释放的电量少。如此，两个储能电池之间逐渐会出现能量失配。
这时，当储能电池121的当前电量较小时，控制模块160控制与储能电池121连接的第一DC/DC转换器122，向该储能电池121输出一个较大的第一电流I2；对应地，当储能电池111的当前电量较大时，控制模块160控制与储能电池111连接的第一DC/DC转换器112，向储能电池111输出一个较小的第一电流I1。通过这种方法，储能单元110和储能单元120接收的电量就与其当前电量相匹配，当前电量少的储能电池121可以从动力电池210接收更多的电量，当前电量大的储能电池111从动力电池210接收较少的电量，从而使动力电池210放电后各个储能单元之间的能量相对均衡，实现了对每个储能单元的容量的充分利用，提升了充电效率。
上面描述了控制模块160在动力电池210向N个储能单元的放电阶段如何控制第一DC/DC转换器，相应地，控制模块160也可以在N个储能单元向动力电池210的充电阶段控制第一DC/DC转换器，以使N个储能单元之间的能量更加均衡。
当N个储能单元向动力电池210充电时，可选地，如图5所示，上述方法40还可以包括：
步骤440：在充电的阶段，获取每个储能单元的第一参数。
其中，第一参数与每个储能单元中的储能电池的当前电量相关联。例如，该第一参数可以包括以下参数中的至少一种：每个储能单元的储能电池当前的SOC；每个储能单元的储能电池当前的电压；每个储能单元当前的电压。
步骤450：根据该第一参数，确定每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第二电流，其中，每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第二电流与每个储能单元中的第一参数成正比。
以图3中的储能单元110和储能单元120为例，假设储能单元110中的储能电池111的SOC为SOC 1，储能单元120中的储能电池121的SOC 为SOC 2，储能单元110中的储能电池111的电压为VB 1，储能单元120中的储能电池121的电压为VB 2，储能单元110的电压为VC 1，储能单元120的电压为VC 2。如果第一参数为储能电池的SOC，可以设置第一DC/DC转换器121输出的第一电流I1和第一DC/DC转换器122输出的第一电流I2满足：I1/I2＝SOC 1/SOC 2；如果第一参数为储能电池的电压，可以设置I1/I2＝VB 1/VB 2；如果第一参数为储能单元的电压，可以设置I1/I2＝VC 1/VC 2。
步骤460：向每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器发送第二控制信号，其中，该第二控制信号用于控制第一DC/DC转换器输出第二电流，以使每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器，按照第二电流向动力电池210充电。
这样，类似地，在向动力电池210充电的阶段，也可以通过调节每个储能单元的第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流与储能电池的当前电量成正比，使每个储能单元提供的电量与其当前电量更加匹配，实现对各个储能电池的容量的充分利用，提升动力电池的充电效率。
在该实施例中，基于交替充放电的方式实现对动力电池的快速充电，由于充电装置包括并联的多个储能单元，且每个储能单元包括储能电池以及与其相连接的第一DC/DC转换器，因此通过控制每个第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流，就可以调节每个储能单元向动力电池充电的电量，例如根据储能单元的第一参数调节每个储能单元的第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流，使其与第一参数成正比，从而使每个储能单元释放的电量与其当前电量更加匹配，避免各个储能单元之间发生能量失配的问题，从而实现对各个储能单元的容量的充分利用，使各个储能单元更有效地释放电量向动力电池充电，提升了动力电池的充电效率。
具体地，在N个储能单元向动力电池210充电时，控制模块160可以接收BMS 220发送的充电电流，该充电电流为动力电池210充电所需的电流。控制模块160可以同时获取每个储能单元的第一参数，从而根据动力电池210的充电电流、以及每个储能单元的第一参数，调节每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第二电流，以使该第二电流与每个储能单元中的第一参数成正比。
举例来说，如图3所示，以储能单元110和储能单元120为例，储能单元120中的储能电池121与动力电池210之间的线路230的距离较大，线损带来的电压损失较大，储能电池121向动力电池210充电的电压就减小了，那么在一定时间内，储能电池121向动力电池210充电的电量就少；而储能单元110中的储能电池111与动力电池210之间的线路230的距离较小，线损带来的电压损失较小，在相同时间内，储能电池121向动力电池210充电的电量就多。这样就导致储能电池111向动力电池210充电的电量多，而储能电池121向动力电池210充电的电量少。如此，两个储能电池之间逐渐会出现能量失配。
这时，当储能电池121的当前电量较小时，控制模块160控制与储能电池121连接的第一DC/DC转换器122，向储能电池121输出一个较小的第二电流I2；对应地，当储能电池111的当前电量较大时，控制模块160控制与储能电池111连接的第一DC/DC转换器112，向储能电池111输出一个较大的第二电流I1。通过这种方法，储能单元110和储能单元120向动力电池210充电的电量与其当前电量相匹配，当前电量少的储能电池121可以向动力电池210释放较少的电量，当前电量大的储能电池111向动力电池210释放较多的电量，从而向动力电池210充电后的各个储能单元之间的能量相对均衡，实现了对每个储能单元的容量的充分利用，提升了充电效率。
可选地，当任意两个储能单元的第一参数的值相差较大时，例如两个储能单元的SOC的差值或者电压的差值大于预设的阈值时，才基于上述方法40对N个储能单元中的第一DC/DC的输出电流进行控制。
以图3中的储能单元110和储能单元120为例，当储能电池111的SOC和储能电池121的SOC之间的差值超过预设的SOC阈值例如2％时，或者储能电池111的电压和储能电池121的电压之间的差值大于预设的电压阈值例如10V，才会对N个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器的输出电流进行控制和调整。
可选地，控制模块160还可以根据上述两个储能单元的第一参数的差值，计算一持续时间T。当各个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器按照相应的第一电流工作的时间达到T之后，重新计算各个储能单元的第一参数，以确定是否还需要各个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器继续按照相应的第一电 流工作。由于动力电池210向储能电池放电的过程中，储能电池的电压和容量都在逐渐增加，如果不设置时间T，就可能由于过度调节导致储能电池之间的电量在达到均衡后再次发生失配。
由于N个储能单元并联，因此，可选地，当其中某个储能单元中的储能电池被充满，即该储能电池的电压达到其电芯的充电阈值电压，控制模块160可以控制与该储能电池相连的第一DC/DC转换器的输出的第一电流为0，相当于将满充的该储能电池旁路掉，使动力电池210不再向该储能电池放电，有效地避免储能电池的过充，而其余储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器的第一电流维持不变。
应理解，本申请实施例中，可以仅由交流电源150，即电网向动力电池210充电，也可以由N个储能单元和交流电源150共同向动力电池210充电，从而进一步提升充电效率。如图6所示，充电装置100还包括AC/DC转换器140，AC/DC转换器140连接在动力电池210与交流电源150之间，在对动力电池210充电时，交流电源150输出的交流电通过AC/DC转换器140转换为稳定的直流电，向动力电池210充电。
具体地，当交流电源150向动力电池210充电时，控制模块160可以控制AC/DC转换器140，以使交流电源150通过AC/DC转换器140向动力电池210充电。
可选地，如果交流电源150能够用于接收电量，即允许电网并网放电，那么动力电池210可以同时向N个储能单元和交流电源150放电，当动力电池210向交流电源150放电时，控制模块控制AC/DC转换器140以使动力电池210通过AC/DC转换器140向交流电源150放电。
可见，动力电池210与交流电源150之间还连接有AC/DC转换器140时，AC/DC转换器140不仅可以将交流电源150输出的交流电转换为稳定的直流电，以由交流电源150对动力电池210进行充电，还可以在动力电池210的放电阶段，将动力电池210输出的直流电转换为交流电，从而使得动力电池210的电量释放到交流电源150中，实现动力电池210同时向N个储能单元和交流电源150放电，减小动力电池210的放电阶段的时长，进一步提升充电效率。
如果该交流电源150不能用于接收电量，即不允许电网并网放电，那 么动力电池210仅向N个储能单元放电即可。
可选地，如图7所示，充电装置100还可包括隔离单元130。
具体地，隔离单元130连接在N个储能单元与动力电池210之间，隔离单元130包括M个第二DC/DC转换器、以及连接在M个第二DC/DC转换器之间的开关模块133，M为大于或等于2的正整数。
控制模块160可以控制开关模块133，以使M个第二DC/DC转换器串联，此时，隔离单元130向动力电池210输出的电压，等于N个储能单元输出的电压的M倍。
控制模块160还可以控制开关模块133，以使M个第二DC/DC转换器并联，此时，隔离单元130向动力电池210输出的电流，等于N个储能单元输出的电流的M倍。
以M＝2为例，如图6所示，隔离单元130包括两个第二DC/DC转换器，即第二DC/DC转换器131和第二DC/DC转换器132，当N个储能单元向动力电池210充电时，第二DC/DC转换器131和第二DC/DC转换器132与N个储能单元相连的一侧作为输入端，与动力电池210相连的一侧作为输出端。其中，第二DC/DC转换器131的输入端和第二DC/DC转换器132的输入端并联，第二DC/DC转换器131的输出端和第二DC/DC转换器132的输出端之间连接有开关模块133。
作为示例，如图6所示，开关模块133可以包括开关K1、开关K2和开关K3。在储能单元130向动力电池210充电时，控制模块160可以控制开关模块133中的开关K1闭合，以使第二DC/DC转换器131和第二DC/DC转换器132的输出端串联，这样，隔离单元130向动力电池210输出的电压，就等于N个储能单元输出的电压的2倍。
在储能单元130向动力电池210充电时，控制模块160可以控制开关模块133中的并联开关K2和并联开关K3，以使第二DC/DC转换器131和第二DC/DC转换器132的输出端并联，这样，隔离单元130向动力电池210输出的电流，就等于N个储能单元输出的总电流的2倍。
可见，由于设置隔离单元130连接在N个储能单元与动力电池210之间，该隔离单元130包括M个第二DC/DC转换器、以及连接在M个第二 DC/DC转换器之间的开关模块133。通过控制该开关模块133，可以改变M个第二DC/DC转换器在输出端的串并联关系，从而实现对隔离单元130向动力电池210输出的电压的调节。其中，当控制该隔离单元130的开关模块133使M个第二DC/DC转换器之间串联时，可以实现对动力电池210的大电压充电；当控制该隔离单元130的开关模块133使M个第二DC/DC转换器之间并联时，各个第二DC/DC转换器输出的电流叠加，可以实现对动力电池210的大电流充电。
本申请实施例还提供了一种EMS，包括处理器，该处理器用于执行前述本申请各实施例中的充电方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种充电系统，包括动力电池；以及上述任一实施例中的充电装置100。充电装置100用于向动力电池210充电，其中每个充电周期包括对动力电池210充电的阶段，以及动力电池210放电的阶段。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种动力电池的充电方法，其特征在于，应用于充电装置，所述充电装置包括并联的N个储能单元，其中每个储能单元包括储能电池以及与所述储能电池连接的第一DC/DC转换器，所述充电装置的每个充电周期包括对所述动力电池充电的阶段，以及所述动力电池对所述N个储能单元放电的阶段，N为大于1的正整数；
    所述充电方法包括：
    在所述放电的阶段，获取所述每个储能单元的第一参数；
    根据所述第一参数，确定所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流，其中，所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流与所述每个储能单元中的所述第一参数成反比；
    向所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器发送第一控制信号，所述第一控制信号用于控制所述第一DC/DC转换器输出所述第一电流，以使所述每个储能单元中的所述第一DC/DC转换器，按照所述第一电流接收所述动力电池释放的电量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在所述充电的阶段，获取所述每个储能单元的所述第一参数；
    根据所述第一参数，确定所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第二电流，其中，所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第二电流与所述每个储能单元中的所述第一参数成正比；
    向所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器发送第二控制信号，所述第二控制信号用于控制所述第一DC/DC转换器输出所述第二电流，以使所述每个储能单元中的所述第一DC/DC转换器，按照所述第二电流向所述动力电池充电。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的充电方法，其特征在于，所述每个储能单元的所述第一参数包括以下参数中的至少一种：
    所述每个储能单元的储能电池当前的荷电状态SOC；
    所述每个储能单元的储能电池当前的电压；
    所述每个储能单元当前的电压。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的充电方法，其特征在于，所述充电装置还包括隔离单元，所述隔离单元连接在所述N个储能单元与所述动力电池之间，所述隔离单元包括M个第二DC/DC转换器、以及连接在所述M个第二DC/DC转换器之间的开关模块，M为大于或等于2的正整数；
    所述充电方法还包括：
    控制所述开关模块将所述M个第二DC/DC转换器串联，以使所述隔离单元向所述动力电池输出的电压，等于所述N个储能单元输出的电压的M倍；或者，
    控制所述开关模块将所述M个第二DC/DC转换器并联，以使所述隔离单元向所述动力电池输出的电流，等于所述N个储能单元输出的电流的M倍。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的充电方法，其特征在于，所述充电装置还包括AC/DC转换器，所述AC/DC转换器连接在所述动力电池与交流电源之间，以使所述交流电源通过所述AC/DC转换器向所述动力电池充电。
  6. 一种动力电池的充电装置，其特征在于，所述充电装置包括并联的N个储能单元，其中每个储能单元包括储能电池以及与所述储能电池连接的第一DC/DC转换器，所述充电装置的每个充电周期包括对所述动力电池充电的阶段，以及所述动力电池对所述N个储能单元放电的阶段，N为大于1的正整数；
    所述控制模块用于：
    在所述放电的阶段，获取所述每个储能单元的第一参数；
    根据所述第一参数，确定所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流，其中，所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第一电流与所述每个储能单元中的所述第一参数成反比；
    向所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器发送第一控制信号，所述第一控制信号用于控制所述第一DC/DC转换器输出所述第一电流，以使所述每个储能单元中的所述第一DC/DC转换器，按照所述第一电流接收所述动力电池释放的电量。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的充电装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块还用于：
    在所述充电的阶段，获取所述每个储能单元的所述第一参数；
    根据所述第一参数，确定所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第二电流，其中，所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器输出的第二电流与所述每个储能单元中的所述第一参数成正比；
    向所述每个储能单元中的第一DC/DC转换器发送第二控制信号，所述第二控制信号用于控制所述第一DC/DC转换器输出所述第二电流，以使所述每个储能单元中的所述第一DC/DC转换器，按照所述第二电流向所述动力电池充电。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的充电装置，其特征在于，所述每个储能单元的所述第一参数包括以下参数中的至少一种：
    所述每个储能单元的储能电池当前的荷电状态SOC；
    所述每个储能单元的储能电池当前的电压；
    所述每个储能单元当前的电压。
  9. 根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的充电装置，其特征在于，所述充电装置还包括隔离单元，所述隔离单元连接在所述N个储能单元与所述动力电池之间，所述隔离单元包括M个第二DC/DC转换器、以及连接在所述M个第二DC/DC转换器之间的开关模块，M为大于或等于2的正整数；
    所述控制模块还用于：
    控制所述开关模块将所述M个第二DC/DC转换器串联，以使所述隔离单元向所述动力电池输出的电压，等于所述N个储能单元输出的电压的M倍；或者，
    控制所述开关模块将所述M个第二DC/DC转换器并联，以使所述隔离单元向所述动力电池输出的电流，等于所述N个储能单元输出的电流的M倍。
  10. 根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的充电装置，其特征在于，所述充电装置还包括AC/DC转换器，所述AC/DC转换器连接在所述动力电池与交流电源之间，以使所述交流电源通过所述AC/DC转换器向所述动力电池充电。
  11. 一种EMS，包括处理器，所述处理器用于执行上述权利要求1至5中任一项所述的充电方法。
  12. 一种充电系统，其特征在于，包括：
    动力电池；
    如权利要求6至10中任一项所述的充电装置，所述充电装置用于向所述动力电池充电，其中每个充电周期包括对所述动力电池充电的阶段，以及所述动力电池放电的阶段。
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CN116137940A (zh) 2023-05-19
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