WO2023272464A1 - 电池和具有所述电池的用电装置 - Google Patents

电池和具有所述电池的用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023272464A1
WO2023272464A1 PCT/CN2021/102919 CN2021102919W WO2023272464A1 WO 2023272464 A1 WO2023272464 A1 WO 2023272464A1 CN 2021102919 W CN2021102919 W CN 2021102919W WO 2023272464 A1 WO2023272464 A1 WO 2023272464A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
casing
battery
electrode assembly
housing
hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/102919
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
巫楷
Original Assignee
宁德新能源科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/102919 priority Critical patent/WO2023272464A1/zh
Priority to CN202180005866.XA priority patent/CN114586231B/zh
Publication of WO2023272464A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023272464A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/247—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for portable devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers, hand tools or pacemakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a battery and an electrical consumer having the battery.
  • electrochemical devices eg, lithium-ion batteries
  • the present application provides a battery, which includes a shell assembly, an elastic member, an electrode assembly and a conductive assembly.
  • the shell assembly includes a first shell and a second shell, and the first shell is fixed on the second shell.
  • the elastic member is disposed on the inner wall of the second casing and is electrically connected to the second casing.
  • the electrode assembly is wound and arranged in the second casing, and an inner hole is formed at the beginning of the winding.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarity.
  • the second pole piece has a first section located at the outermost circle of the electrode assembly, the first section includes a first surface away from the winding central axis and without active material, and the elastic member is electrically connected to the first surface.
  • the first pole piece has a second section located at the inner hole, the second section includes a second surface facing the winding central axis and not provided with active material.
  • the conductive component is arranged on the first shell and electrically connected with the second
  • the elastic member provided on the inner wall of the second casing is used to firmly press the electrode assembly against the inside of the casing assembly, and make the first pole piece and the second pole piece contact and electrically connect to the conductive component and the second pole piece respectively.
  • the housing improves the reliability of the electrical connection, and also reduces the risk of piercing the diaphragm due to welding burrs or welding marks and causing internal short circuits, which improves the safety of use.
  • the present application does not need to lead the polarity of the pole piece to the conductive component and the second casing through welding, it is beneficial to simplify the process and reduce the cost.
  • the present application omits the transfer welding structure on the tab, it is also beneficial to improve the energy density of the battery.
  • the conductive component includes a connecting piece and a conductive piece that are connected to each other.
  • the first casing has a first through hole, and the connecting piece is accommodated in the first through hole and fixed on the first casing.
  • the conductive element extends into the inner hole and leans against the second surface.
  • the connecting member is insulated and connected to the first casing, and the first casing is electrically connected to the second casing.
  • the connecting member is electrically connected to the first housing, and the first housing is insulated and connected to the second housing.
  • the gap is used to isolate the electrical connection between the conductive member and the second housing.
  • the elastic member includes a first fixing portion and an abutting portion, and the abutting portion protrudes from the first fixing portion.
  • the first fixing part is fixed on the second casing.
  • the abutting portion is abutted against the first surface.
  • the first segment is electrically connected to the elastic member.
  • the battery further includes a first blocking member.
  • the first blocking member is arranged on the side of the conductive member close to the electrode assembly, and is used for blocking the electrical connection between the conductive member and the electrode assembly when the electrode assembly generates abnormal heat. Therefore, the safety of the battery is improved.
  • the battery further includes a second blocking member.
  • the second blocking member is arranged on the side of the abutting portion close to the electrode assembly, and is used for blocking the electrical connection between the abutting portion and the electrode assembly when the electrode assembly generates abnormal heat. Therefore, the safety of the battery is improved.
  • the distance between the abutting portion and the inner wall of the second housing in a natural state is set as the first distance L 1 .
  • the abutting portion compresses and abuts against the first surface, and the distance between the abutting portion and the inner wall of the second housing is a second distance L 2 .
  • both the first fixing part and the abutting part have a first thickness H 1 , 0.05mm ⁇ H1 ⁇ 2mm.
  • the elastic member has sufficient elasticity, which improves the reliability of the electrical connection between the elastic member and the first segment.
  • the connecting member includes a connecting portion and a second fixing portion disposed on a side of the connecting portion.
  • the conductive element is fixed on the connection part.
  • the connection part is accommodated in the first through hole.
  • the second fixing part is fixed on the first casing and is insulated from the electrode assembly.
  • the second fixing part is a sheet structure, and the second fixing part has a second thickness H 2 , where 0.1mm ⁇ H2 ⁇ 2mm. Therefore, it is advantageous to reduce the loss of battery energy density or the overall thickness of the battery.
  • the battery further includes an insulator.
  • the insulating part is arranged between the connecting part and the first casing.
  • the insulator is used for insulated connection of the first shell and the connecting piece, and sealing the first through hole of the first shell, so as to improve the sealing performance of the shell assembly.
  • the first casing has a first width W1
  • the insulator has a second width W2
  • the second fixing portion has a third width W3
  • the second fixed portion has a third width W3.
  • a through hole has a first diameter d1, W1>W2>W3>d1.
  • the insulating member includes a first insulating part and a second insulating part connected to each other.
  • the first insulating part is arranged in the first through hole and the connection part is bonded to the inner wall of the first through hole.
  • the second insulating part is bonded to the second fixing part and the first casing.
  • the second insulating part has a third thickness H 3 , 0.01mm ⁇ H 3 ⁇ 0.3mm. Since the third thickness H3 is relatively small, the loss of energy density of the battery due to the installation of the insulator is reduced.
  • the insulating member includes at least one of polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, or fluorine rubber.
  • the second fixing part is fixed on the inner surface of the first casing, and the connecting part protrudes from the first through hole, so as to facilitate the electrical connection of the battery to the external circuit through the connecting part.
  • the insulator is provided with a second through hole, and the connection part is provided in the second through hole.
  • the first through hole has a first diameter d1
  • the second through hole has a second diameter d2
  • the connecting portion has a fourth width W4, d1>d2>W4.
  • the second fixing part is fixed on the outer surface of the first housing, and the outer surface of the second fixing part and the outer surface of the connecting part are located in the same plane. Therefore, when the internal pressure of the battery exceeds a predetermined value, the conductive component will be flushed away and separated from the casing component, so as to achieve the purpose of pressure relief, reduce the risk of battery explosion, and improve the safety of the battery.
  • the present application also provides an electric device, including a main body and the above battery.
  • the battery is arranged in the body.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the battery shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of the battery shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view along IV-IV of the battery shown in Fig. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of an electrode assembly of the battery shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the battery shown in FIG. 5 without the electrode assembly.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of another state of the battery shown in FIG. 5 with the electrode assembly removed.
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the battery without the electrode assembly in some other embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a top view of the battery shown in FIG. 9 .
  • Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view along XI-XI of the battery shown in Fig. 9 .
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the battery shown in FIG. 11 without the electrode assembly.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first straight section 20a is the first straight section 20a
  • the first pole piece 21 is the first pole piece 21
  • Second active material layer 222 Second active material layer 222
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery 100 , including a case assembly 10 , an electrode assembly 20 , a conductive assembly 30 and an elastic member 40 .
  • battery 100 is a button battery. In other embodiments, the battery 100 may also be other types of batteries.
  • the shell assembly 10 includes a first shell 11 and a second shell 12 , and the first shell 11 is fixed on the second shell 12 .
  • the second housing 12 includes a bottom plate 121 and a side wall 122 connected to the bottom plate 121 , and the first housing 11 is fixed on a side of the side wall 122 away from the bottom plate 121 .
  • the bottom plate 121 and the side wall 122 jointly surround and form a cavity 120 , and the electrode assembly 20 is disposed in the cavity 120 .
  • the elastic member 40 is disposed on the inner wall (ie, the side wall 122 ) of the second casing 12 . In some embodiments, there may be a plurality of elastic members 40 , and the plurality of elastic members 40 are distributed on the inner wall of the second housing 12 at intervals.
  • the electrode assembly 20 is a wound structure and has an inner hole 201 .
  • the electrode assembly 20 includes a first pole piece 21 , a second pole piece 22 opposite in polarity to the first pole piece 21 , and a diaphragm 23 disposed between the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22 .
  • the first pole piece 21 includes a first current collector 211 and a first active material layer 212 disposed on the surface of the first current collector 211 .
  • the second pole piece 22 includes a second current collector 221 and a second active material layer 222 disposed on the surface of the second current collector 221 .
  • the first pole piece 21, the diaphragm 23 and the second pole piece 22 can be stacked and wound around the needle by a winding needle (not shown in the figure), and the winding needle can be pulled out after the winding is completed, thereby A hollow inner hole 201 is left at the start of winding of the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the electrode assembly 20 has a winding center, and has a winding central axis O passing through the winding center vertically.
  • the winding direction D is a direction that rotates counterclockwise along the winding center axis O as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the electrode assembly 20 may include a first straight section 20a, a first bent section 20b, a second straight section 20c and a second bent section 20d connected in sequence.
  • the electrode assembly 20 also has a first direction D 1 and a second direction D 2 .
  • the first direction D 1 is the direction in which the central winding axis O extends.
  • the second direction D2 is a direction perpendicular to the winding central axis O.
  • the first pole piece 21 is a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece 22 is a negative pole piece.
  • the first current collector 211 is a positive electrode current collector
  • the first active material layer 212 is a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the second current collector 221 is a negative electrode current collector
  • the second active material layer 222 is a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22 may also be a negative pole piece and a positive pole piece respectively, which is not limited in this application.
  • Aluminum foil can be used as the positive current collector, of course, other current collectors commonly used in this field can also be used.
  • the thickness of the positive electrode collector may be 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the negative electrode current collector may use at least one of copper foil, nickel foil, or carbon-based current collector.
  • the thickness of the negative electrode collector may be 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the positive electrode active material layer contains a positive electrode active material including a compound that reversibly intercalates and deintercalates lithium ions (ie, a lithiated intercalation compound).
  • the positive active material may include a lithium transition metal composite oxide.
  • the lithium transition metal composite oxide contains lithium and at least one element selected from cobalt, manganese and nickel.
  • the positive electrode active material is selected from at least one of the following: lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel manganese cobalt ternary material (NCM), lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), nickel manganese acid Lithium (LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 ) or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ).
  • the negative electrode active material layer contains negative electrode active materials, and the negative electrode active materials include negative electrode active materials capable of reversible deintercalation of active ions.
  • the negative electrode active material can be graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, carbon fiber, mesocarbon microspheres, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, lithium titanate or other metals that can form alloys with lithium, etc. One or more combinations.
  • graphite can be selected from one or more combinations of artificial graphite, natural graphite and modified graphite; silicon-based materials can be selected from one or more of elemental silicon, silicon oxide compounds, silicon-carbon composites, silicon alloys A variety of combinations; the tin-based material can be selected from one or more combinations of simple tin, tin oxide compounds, tin alloys, and the like.
  • the separator 23 includes at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, or aramid.
  • polyethylene includes at least one selected from high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
  • polyethylene and polypropylene have a good effect on preventing short circuits and can improve the stability of the battery 100 through the shutdown effect.
  • membrane 23 has a thickness in the range of about 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the second pole piece 22 has a first section 2201 located at the outermost circle of the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the first surface S1 of the first section 2201 facing away from the winding central axis O is not provided with active material.
  • the first pole piece 21 has a second section 2101 located at the inner hole 201 , and the second surface S2 of the second section 2101 facing the winding central axis O is not provided with active material.
  • the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 can serve as two output terminals of the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the first surface S1 is used for electrical connection with the elastic member 40 , so that the elastic member 40 and the second housing 12 can exhibit the same electrical polarity as the second pole piece 22 .
  • the conductive component 30 is disposed on the first shell 11 and is used for electrical connection with the second surface S2, so that the conductive component 30 can exhibit the same electrical polarity as the first pole piece 21 .
  • the second current collector 221 has the first section 2201 located at the outermost circle of the electrode assembly 20, which means that the first section 2201 is located at the outermost circle (outermost layer) in the wound structure.
  • the first section 2201 is a single-sided area, that is, the first section 2201 includes a second current collector 221 and a second active material disposed on one surface of the second current collector 221.
  • the first surface S1 is another surface of the second current collector 221 on which no active material is provided.
  • the first section 2201 can also be an empty foil area, that is, the first section 2201 only includes the second current collector 221, and neither surface of the second current collector 221 of the first section 2201 is provided with active material.
  • the outermost circle of the electrode assembly 20 is the second pole piece 22, and the first section 2201 can be a single-sided area located at the outermost circle of the first straight section 20a, or can be located at the first curved section 2201.
  • the application does not limit the outermost circle of the bent section 20b or the empty foil area of the outermost circle of the second bent section 20d.
  • the first section 2201 can also be a combination of the above-mentioned single-sided area and the empty foil area, so as to improve the reliability of the electrical connection between the first section 2201 and the elastic member 40 .
  • the second section 2101 is a single-sided area, that is, the second section 2101 includes the first current collector 211 and the first active material layer 212 disposed on one surface of the first current collector 211, and the second surface S2 Another surface of the active material is provided for the first current collector 211 .
  • the second section 2101 may also be an empty foil area, that is, the second section 2101 only includes the first current collector 211, and neither surface of the first current collector 211 of the second section 2101 is provided with active material. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the pole piece of the electrode assembly 20 closest to the winding central axis O is the first pole piece 21, and the second section 2101 can be a single-sided area located in the second straight section 20c, or can be located in the second straight section 20c.
  • the application does not limit the empty foil area of the first straight section 20a or the first bent section 20b.
  • the second section 2101 can also be a combination of the above-mentioned single-sided area and the empty foil area, so as to improve the reliability of the electrical connection between the second section 2101 and the conductive component 30 .
  • the thickness of the electrode assembly 20 is increased after formation, so that the contact between the electrode assembly 20 and the conductive assembly 30 and the elastic member 40 is closer, further improving the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrode assembly 20 and the conductive assembly 30 and the elastic member 40 .
  • soldering may have problems such as missing soldering, virtual soldering, and over-soldering, which affect the reliability of electrical connections, and burrs or solder marks generated by soldering may pierce the diaphragm and cause internal short circuits.
  • the elastic member 40 provided on the inner wall of the second casing 12 is used to firmly abut the electrode assembly 20 against the inside of the casing assembly 10, and make the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22 contact and electrically connect respectively.
  • the present application does not need to lead the polarity of the pole piece to the conductive component 30 and the second casing 12 through welding, it is beneficial to simplify the process and reduce the cost.
  • the present application omits the transfer welding structure on the tab, it is also beneficial to improve the energy density of the battery 100 .
  • the elastic member 40 includes a first fixing portion 41 and an abutting portion 42 .
  • the first fixing portion 41 is fixed on and electrically connected to the second housing 12 , so that the elastic member 40 is electrically connected to the second housing 12 .
  • the abutting portion 42 protrudes from the first fixing portion 41 , and the abutting portion 42 may be arranged in an arc shape.
  • the abutting portion 42 abuts against the first segment 2201 , so that the first segment 2201 is electrically connected with the elastic member 40 .
  • the first fixing portion 41 and the abutting portion 42 are integrally formed, and the abutting portion 42 is formed by protruding from a central portion of a flat plate structure along a direction away from the side wall 122 .
  • the elastic member 40 may be formed by stamping.
  • the elastic member 40 is made of metal.
  • the material of the elastic member 40 can be stainless steel, nickel, aluminum and so on.
  • the material of the second housing 12 may also be metal.
  • the material of the second housing 12 can be stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, etc.
  • the elastic member 40 can be welded and fixed to the second housing 12 through the first fixing portion 41 , so that the elastic member 40 is electrically connected to the second housing 12 .
  • the abutting portion 42 when the elastic member 40 is in a natural state (that is, before the electrode assembly 20 is put into the casing assembly 10 ), the abutting portion 42 has a first distance L 1 from the inner wall of the second casing 12 .
  • L 1 and L 2 satisfy: 0.1mm ⁇ L 1 ⁇ 2mm, 0.05mm ⁇ L 2 ⁇ 2mm, and L 2 ⁇ L 1 .
  • the first distance L1 When the first distance L1 is too small, the compression space of the elastic member 40 is small after the electrode assembly 20 is put into the casing assembly 10, so that the elastic member 40 cannot be fully compressed. Correspondingly, the space between the elastic member 40 and the first section 2201 The reliability of the electrical connection is relatively reduced.
  • the first distance L1 is too large, the overall size of the battery 100 increases.
  • the first distance L 1 and the second distance L 2 are defined as the distance between the highest point of the abutting portion 42 and the inner wall of the second housing 12 along the second direction D 2 .
  • both the first fixing portion 41 and the abutting portion 42 have a first thickness H 1 , where 0.05 mm ⁇ H 1 ⁇ 2 mm.
  • the elastic member 40 has sufficient elasticity, which improves the reliability of the electrical connection between the elastic member 40 and the first segment 2201 .
  • the first thickness H 1 is defined as the distance between two intersection points along the second direction D 2 between the surface of the first fixing portion 41 or the abutting portion 42 and a straight line extending along the second direction D 2 .
  • the conductive component 30 includes a connecting piece 31 and a conductive piece 32 fixed on the surface of the connecting piece 31 .
  • the first housing 11 defines a first through hole 110
  • the connecting member 31 is accommodated in the first through hole 110 and fixed on the first housing 11 .
  • the conductive member 32 protrudes into the inner hole 201 and abuts against the second surface S2 , so as to realize the electrical connection between the conductive component 30 and the first pole piece 21 . Therefore, the polarity of the first pole piece 21 can be derived through the conductive element 32 and the connecting element 31 in sequence.
  • the conductive element 32 and the connecting element 31 can be integrally formed or assembled.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the first through hole 110 may be a circle, an ellipse, a square, a triangle, a polygon, and the like. The diameter of the first through hole 110 may not exceed 100 mm.
  • the conductive member 32 may be substantially in the shape of a rugby ball whose long axis is arranged along the first direction D1.
  • the conductive member 32 includes a plurality of arc-shaped elastic pieces 320 formed around the outer peripheral direction of the conductive member 32 , so that the conductive member 32 also has elasticity.
  • the conductive member 32 is elastically deformed, so that the electrode assembly 20 is relatively firmly pressed against the casing assembly 10, and the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22 Contact and electrically connect to the conductive component 30 and the second housing 12 respectively. Therefore, the conductive member 32 further improves the reliability of the electrical connection.
  • the connecting member 31 includes a connecting portion 311 and a second fixing portion 312 disposed on a side of the connecting portion 311 .
  • the connecting portion 311 is accommodated in the first through hole 110 , and the conductive element 32 is fixed on the connecting portion 311 .
  • the second fixing part 312 is fixed on the first casing 11 and is insulated from the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the second fixing portion 312 is fixed on the inner surface of the first casing (ie, the surface facing the electrode assembly 20 ).
  • the connecting portion 311 can protrude from the first through hole 110 so as to facilitate the electrical connection of the battery 100 to an external circuit through the connecting portion 311 .
  • the second fixing part 312 can be a sheet structure, and the second fixing part 312 has a second thickness H 2 , and H 2 satisfies: 0.1mm ⁇ H2 ⁇ 2mm . Since the second thickness H2 is thinner, the energy density loss due to the second fixing portion 312 is reduced.
  • an insulating layer (not shown) may also be provided between the conductive element 32 and the bottom plate 121 of the second casing 12 , so as to isolate the conductive element 32 from the second casing 12 .
  • the connecting member 31 is insulated from the first housing 11 .
  • the first housing 11 may be electrically connected to the second housing 12 .
  • the first shell 11 and the second shell 12 can be fixed by welding.
  • the elastic member 40 By electrically connecting the elastic member 40 to the first segment 2201 , the first housing 11 and the second housing 12 as a whole exhibit the same polarity as the second pole piece 22 .
  • the material of the first casing 11 may also be metal.
  • the material of the first housing 11 may be stainless steel, nickel, manganese, etc.
  • the insulator 70 is also used to bond the connector 31 to the first shell 11. Due to the adhesive properties of the insulator 70, the conductive component 30 can seal the first through hole 110 of the first shell 11, improving the housing. The tightness of the body assembly 10.
  • the insulator 70 is provided with a second through hole 700 , and the connecting portion 311 is disposed in the second through hole 700 .
  • the material of the insulating member 70 may include at least one of polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride or fluorine rubber.
  • the material of the insulating member 70 may include non-polar polyolefin and insulating particles located in the non-polar polyolefin.
  • Non-polar polyolefin can be selected from at least one of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) .
  • the cross-sectional shape of the second through hole 700 may be a circle, an ellipse, a square, a triangle, a polygon, and the like.
  • the insulating member 70 includes a first insulating part 71 and a second insulating part 72 connected to the first insulating part 71 .
  • the first insulating part 71 is disposed in the first through hole 110 and bonded between the outer periphery of the connecting part 311 and the inner wall of the first through hole 110 .
  • the second insulating part 72 is bonded between the second fixing part 312 and the first housing 11 .
  • the first housing 11 and the second housing 12 may also be insulated and connected, and at this time, the first housing 11 and the conductive component 30 may be electrically connected.
  • the first shell 11 and the conductive component 30 By electrically connecting the conductive component 30 to the second segment 2101 , the first shell 11 and the conductive component 30 as a whole exhibit the same polarity as the first pole piece 21 .
  • the second insulating portion 72 of the insulating member 70 has a third thickness H 3 , 0.01 mm ⁇ H 3 ⁇ 0.3 mm. Since the third thickness H3 is small, the energy density loss of the battery 100 due to the installation of the insulating member 70 is reduced.
  • the first shell 11 has a fourth thickness H 4 , 0.1mm ⁇ H 4 ⁇ 2mm. Since the fourth thickness H4 is small, the overall thickness of the battery 100 is reduced.
  • the first housing 11 has a first width W1
  • the insulating member 70 has a second width W2 (that is, the width of the second insulating portion 72 )
  • the second fixing portion 312 has a third width W3
  • the first The through hole 110 has a first diameter d1, then W1, W2, W3 and d1 satisfy: W1>W2>W3>d1.
  • the second through hole 700 has a second diameter d2, and the connecting portion 311 has a fourth width W4. Then d1, d2 and W4 satisfy: d1>d2>W4.
  • the battery 100 further includes a first blocking member 50 , and the first blocking member 50 is disposed on a side of the conductive member 32 facing the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the first blocking member 50 has a high-temperature self-blocking function.
  • the electrode assembly 20 generates abnormal heat (that is, the internal temperature of the battery 100 rises to a preset temperature)
  • the first blocking member 50 blocks the second segment 2101 and the conductive assembly. 30 , that is, to disconnect the electrical connection between the first pole piece 21 and the conductive component 30 . Therefore, the safety of the battery 100 is improved.
  • the battery 100 may further include a second blocking member 60 .
  • the second blocking member 60 is disposed on a side of the abutting portion 42 facing the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the second blocking member 60 has a high-temperature self-blocking function. When the electrode assembly 20 generates abnormal heat, the second blocking member 60 blocks the electrical connection between the first segment 2201 and the elastic member 40, that is, disconnects the second pole. The electrical connection between the sheet 22 and the second housing 12 . Therefore, the safety of the battery 100 is further improved.
  • At least one of the first blocking member 50 or the second blocking member 60 may be a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor.
  • the resistance value of the PTC thermistor increases when the electrode assembly 20 generates heat abnormally, thereby blocking the electrical connection between the electrode assembly 20 and the conductive assembly 30 or the second casing 12 .
  • the material of the PTC thermistor can be a ceramic-based material, such as barium titanate, aluminum oxide, etc., or a polymer-based material, such as polyethylene, polypropylene and other crystalline polyolefins.
  • PTC thermistors can be doped with nickel, manganese and other metals or conductive carbon black.
  • at least one of the first blocking member 50 or the second blocking member 60 has a fifth thickness H 5 , which is 5 nm ⁇ H 5 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • At least one of the conductive component 30 or the elastic member 40 may also be a composite material of a conductive material and a PTC material.
  • the material of the conductive component 30 is a composite material of a conductive material and a PTC material
  • the material of the elastic member 40 is also a composite material of a conductive material and a PTC material.
  • the elastic member 40 not only has electrical conductivity to achieve electrical connection with the second pole piece 22, but also has a high-temperature self-blocking function. When the electrode assembly 20 generates abnormal heat, the elastic member 40 can block The electrical connection with the second pole piece 22 improves safety.
  • the composite material may be a composite material of metal and ceramic or a composite material of metal and polymer.
  • the metal can be nickel, manganese, etc.
  • the ceramic can be barium titanate, aluminum oxide, etc.
  • the polymer can be crystalline polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
  • the composite material can also be doped with conductive carbon black for improving the conductivity of the conductive component 30 or the elastic member 40 .
  • another embodiment of the present application also provides a battery 200 .
  • the difference from the above-mentioned battery 100 is that the second fixing part 312 is fixed on the outer surface of the first case 11 (that is, the surface facing away from the electrode assembly 20), and the outer surface of the second fixing part 312 and the outer surface of the connecting part 311 located in the same plane.
  • the second fixing part 312 is fixed on the outer surface of the first casing 11, when the internal pressure of the battery 200 exceeds a predetermined value, the conductive assembly 30 will be flushed away and separated from the casing assembly 10, so as to achieve the purpose of pressure relief , reducing the risk of explosion of the battery 200 and improving the safety of the battery 200 . Since the outer surface of the second fixing part 312 and the outer surface of the connecting part 311 are located in the same plane, it is also beneficial to make the overall shape of the casing assembly 10 relatively flat, that is, to make the shape of the battery 200 more regular.
  • the second fixing portion 312 can be a sheet structure, and the second fixing portion 312 has a second thickness H 2 , and H 2 satisfies: 0.1 mm ⁇ H 2 ⁇ 2 mm. Since the thickness of the second fixing part 312 is relatively thin, the overall thickness of the battery 200 is reduced.
  • the electrical device 1 includes a main body 2 and the above battery 100 (or battery 200 ) disposed in the main body 2 .
  • the electrical device 1 of the present application may be, but not limited to, a notebook computer, a pen input computer, a mobile computer, an e-book player, a portable phone, a portable fax machine, a portable copier, a portable printer, a head Wearable Stereo Headphones, VCRs, LCD TVs, Watches, Sports Bands, Portable Cleaners, Portable CD Players, Mini Discs, Transceivers, Electronic Notepads, Calculators, Memory Cards, Portable Recorders, Radios, Backup Power Supplies, Motors , automobiles, motorcycles, power-assisted bicycles, bicycles, lighting appliances, toys, game consoles, power tools, flashlights and lithium-ion capacitors, etc.

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Abstract

一种电池和用电装置。电池包括壳体组件、弹性件、电极组件和导电组件。壳体组件包括第一壳体和第二壳体，第一壳体固定于第二壳体上。弹性件设于第二壳体的内壁上且电连接第二壳体。电极组件卷绕设置于第二壳体内并形成内孔。电极组件包括第一极片和极性相反的第二极片。第二极片具有位于电极组件的最外圈的第一段，第一段背离卷绕中心的第一表面未设置活性材料。弹性件处于压缩状态并与第一表面电连接。第一极片具有位于内孔处的第二段，第二段面向卷绕中心的第二表面未设置活性材料。导电组件设于第一壳体，导电组件与第二表面电连接。

Description

电池和具有所述电池的用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池和具有所述电池的用电装置。
背景技术
随着消费电子类的产品如笔记本电脑、手机、掌上游戏机、平板电脑和移动电源等的普及，人们对电化学装置(例如，锂离子电池)的要求越来越严格。
然而，电化学装置的能量密度及使用安全性仍无法得到有效的保障。
发明内容
为解决现有技术以上不足之处，有必要提供一种电池。
另，还有必要提供一种具有上述电池的用电装置。
本申请提供一种电池，包括壳体组件、弹性件、电极组件和导电组件。壳体组件包括第一壳体和第二壳体，第一壳体固定于第二壳体上。弹性件设于第二壳体的内壁上且电连接第二壳体。电极组件卷绕设置于第二壳体内并在卷绕起始处形成内孔。电极组件包括第一极片和极性相反的第二极片。第二极片具有位于电极组件的最外圈的第一段，第一段包括背离卷绕中心轴且未设置活性材料的第一表面，弹性件与第一表面电连接。第一极片具有位于内孔处的第二段，第二段包括面向卷绕中心轴且未设置活性材料的第二表面。导电组件设于第一壳体，并与第二表面电连接。
本申请利用设于第二壳体内壁的弹性件，将电极组件较稳固地抵靠于壳体组件内，并使得第一极片和第二极片分别接触并电连接至导电组件和第二壳体，从而提高了电连接的可靠性，也降低了因焊接毛刺或焊印刺穿隔膜并导致内部短路的风险，即提高了使用安全性。而且，由于本申请不需通过焊接将极片的极性导出至导电组件和第二壳体，因此有利于简化工艺和降低成本。再者，由于本申请省略了极耳上的转接焊结构，因此也有利于提高电池的能量密度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，导电组件包括相互连接的连接件和导电件。第一壳体具有第一通孔，连接件容置于第一通孔中并固定于第一壳体上。导电件伸入内孔并抵靠于第二表面。
在一些可能的实现方式中，连接件与第一壳体绝缘连接，第一壳体与第二壳体电连接。通过将弹性件电连接第一段，使得第一壳体和第二壳体整体呈现与第二极片相同的极性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，连接件与第一壳体电连接，第一壳体与第二壳体绝缘连接。通过将导电组件电连接第二段，使得第一壳体与导电组件整体呈现与第一极片相同的极性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，导电件与第二壳体的底板之间具有间隙，间隙用于隔断导电件与第二壳体电连接。因此，减小了由不同极性的导电件与第二壳体直接接触而导致的短路风险。
在一些可能的实现方式中，弹性件包括第一固定部和抵靠部，抵靠部凸出于第一固定部。第一固定部固定于第二壳体上。抵靠部抵靠于第一表面上。从而，使得第一段与弹性件电连接。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电池还包括第一阻断件。第一阻断件设于导电件靠近电极组件的侧面，用于在电极组件异常产热时阻断导电件与电极组件之间的电连接。因此，提高了电池的安全性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电池还包括第二阻断件。第二阻断件设于抵靠部靠近电极组件的侧面，用于在电极组件异常产热时阻断抵靠部与电极组件之间的电连接。因此，提高了电池的安全性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，将抵靠部在自然状态下与第二壳体的内壁的距离设为第一距离L 1。抵靠部压缩抵靠于第一表面，且抵靠部与第二壳体的内壁的距离为第二距离L 2。0.1mm≤L 1≤2mm，0.05mm≤L 2≤2mm，且L 2<L 1。当第一距离L 1过小时，弹性件压缩空间较小，相对降低了弹性件与第一段之间电连接的可靠性；当第一距离L 1过大时，增加了电池的整体尺寸。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一固定部和抵靠部均具有第一厚度H 1，0.05mm≤H 1≤2mm。通过限定第一厚度H 1的范围，使得弹性件具有足够的弹性，提高了弹性件与第一段之间电连接的可靠性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，连接件包括连接部和设于连接部的侧边的第二固定部。导电件固定于连接部。连接部容置于第一通孔内。第二固定部固定于第一壳体上，并与电极组件绝缘设置。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二固定部为片状结构，且第二固定部具有第二厚度H 2，0.1mm≤H 2≤2mm。因此，有利于减小电池能量密度的损失或电池的整体厚度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电池还包括绝缘件。绝缘件设于连接件和第一壳体之间。绝缘件用于将第一壳体与连接件绝缘连接，并密封第一壳体的第一通孔，提高壳体组件的密封性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，沿垂直于电极组件的卷绕中心轴的方向，第一壳体具有第一宽度W1，绝缘件具有第二宽度W2，第二固定部具有第三宽度W3，第一通孔具有第一直径d1，W1>W2>W3>d1。
在一些可能的实现方式中，绝缘件包括相互连接的第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部。第一绝缘部设于第一通孔中且粘接连接部和第一通孔的内壁。第二绝缘部粘接第二固定部和第一壳体。第二绝缘部具有第三厚度H 3，0.01mm≤H 3≤0.3mm。由于第三厚度H 3较小，减小了因设置绝缘件而导致电池能量密度的损失。
在一些可能的实现方式中，绝缘件包括聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯或氟橡胶中的至少一种。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二固定部固定于第一壳体的内表面，且连接部凸伸出第一通孔设置，从而便于电池通过连接部与外部电路电连接。
在一些可能的实现方式中，绝缘件设有第二通孔，连接部设于第二通孔中。沿垂直于电极组件的卷绕中心轴的方向，第一通孔具有第一直径d1，第二通孔具有第二直径d2，连接部具有第四宽度W4，d1>d2>W4。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二固定部固定于第一壳体的外表面，且第二固定部的外表面与连接部的外表面位于同一平面内。因此，当电池内部压力超过预定值时，导电组件会被冲开并与所述壳体组件分离，从而达到泄压的目的，减小电池爆炸的风险，提高电池的安全性。
本申请还提供一种用电装置，包括本体和如上电池。电池设于本体内。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施方式的电池的立体图。
图2为图1所示的电池的俯视图。
图3为图1所示的电池的主视图。
图4为图1所示的电池沿IV-IV的剖视图。
图5为图1所示的电池的电极组件的俯视图。
图6为图5所示的电池去掉电极组件后的剖视图。
图7为图5所示的电池去掉电极组件后另一状态的剖视图。
图8为另一些实施例中电池去掉电极组件后的剖视图。
图9为本申请另一实施方式的电池的立体图。
图10为图9所示的电池的俯视图。
图11为图9所示的电池沿XI-XI的剖视图。
图12为图11所示的电池去掉电极组件后的剖视图。
图13为本申请一实施方式的用电装置的结构示意图。
主要元件符号说明
用电装置  1
本体      2
壳体组件  10
第一壳体  11
第二壳体  12
电极组件  20
第一平直段      20a
第一弯折段      20b
第二平直段      20c
第二弯折段      20d
第一极片        21
第二极片        22
隔膜            23
导电组件        30
连接件          31
导电件          32
弹性件          40
第一固定部      41
抵靠部          42
第一阻断件      50
第二阻断件      60
绝缘件          70
第一绝缘部      71
第二绝缘部      72
电池            100、200
第一通孔        110
腔体            120
底板            121
侧壁            122
内孔            201
第一集流体      211
第一活性材料层  212
第二集流体      221
第二活性材料层  222
连接部          311
第二固定部      312
弹片            320
第二通孔         700
第二段           2101
第一段           2201
卷绕中心轴       O
卷绕方向         D
第一方向         D 1
第二方向         D 2
第一表面         S1
第二表面         S2
第一距离         L 1
第二距离         L 2
第一厚度         H 1
第二厚度         H 2
第三厚度         H 3
第四厚度         H 4
第五厚度         H 5
间隙             G
第一直径         d1
第二直径         d2
第一宽度         W1
第二宽度         W2
第三宽度         W3
第四宽度         W4
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本申请。
具体实施方式
下面对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、详细地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
下文，将详细地描述本申请的实施方式。但是，本申请可体现为许多不同的形式，并且不应解释为限于本文阐释的示例性实施方式。而是，提供这些示例性实施方式，从而使 本申请透彻的和详细的向本领域技术人员传达。
另外，为了简洁和清楚，在附图中，各种组件、层的尺寸或厚度可被放大。遍及全文，相同的数值指相同的要素。如本文所使用，术语“及/或”、“以及/或者”包括一个或多个相关列举项目的任何和所有组合。另外，应当理解，当要素A被称为“连接”要素B时，要素A可直接连接至要素B，或可能存在中间要素C并且要素A和要素B可彼此间接连接。
进一步，当描述本申请的实施方式时使用“可”指“本申请的一个或多个实施方式”。
本文使用的专业术语是为了描述具体实施方式的目的并且不旨在限制本申请。如本文所使用，单数形式旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确指出。应进一步理解，术语“包括”，当在本说明书中使用时，指存在叙述的特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素和/或组分，但是不排除存在或增加一个或多个其他特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素、组分和/或其组合。
空间相关术语，比如“上”等可在本文用于方便描述，以描述如图中阐释的一个要素或特征与另一要素(多个要素)或特征(多个特征)的关系。应理解，除了图中描述的方向之外，空间相关术语旨在包括设备或装置在使用或操作中的不同方向。例如，如果将图中的设备翻转，则描述为在其他要素或特征“上方”或“上”的要素将定向在其他要素或特征的“下方”或“下面”。因此，示例性术语“上”可包括上面和下面的方向。应理解，尽管术语第一、第二、第三等可在本文用于描述各种要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分，但是这些要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分不应受这些术语的限制。这些术语用于区分一个要素、组分、区域、层或部分与另一要素、组分、区域、层或部分。因此，下面讨论的第一要素、组分、区域、层或部分可称为第二要素、组分、区域、层或部分，而不背离示例性实施方式的教导。
请参阅图1至图4，本申请一实施方式提供一种电池100，包括壳体组件10、电极组件20、导电组件30和弹性件40。在一些实施例中，电池100为纽扣电池。在其他实施例中，电池100也可以为其他类型的电池。
壳体组件10包括第一壳体11和第二壳体12，第一壳体11固定于第二壳体12上。具体地，第二壳体12包括底板121和连接于底板121的侧壁122，第一壳体11固定于侧壁122远离底板121的一侧。底板121和侧壁122共同围设形成腔体120，电极组件20设于腔体120内。弹性件40设于第二壳体12的内壁(即，侧壁122)上。在一些实施例中，弹性件40可以为多个，多个弹性件40间隔分布于第二壳体12的内壁上。
请一并参照图4和图5，电极组件20为卷绕结构且具有内孔201。电极组件20包括第一极片21、与第一极片21极性相反的第二极片22以及设于第一极片21和第二极片22之间的隔膜23。第一极片21包括第一集流体211和设于第一集流体211表面的第一活性材料层212。第二极片22包括第二集流体221和设于第二集流体221表面的第二活性材料层222。制作电极组件20时，可通过卷针(图未示)将第一极片21、隔膜23和第二极片22层叠并围绕卷针进行卷绕，卷绕完成后将卷针抽取出来，从而在电极组件20的卷绕起 始处留出中空的内孔201。
其中，电极组件20具有卷绕中心，并具有垂直穿过该卷绕中心的卷绕中心轴O。卷绕方向D为图3所示沿卷绕中心轴O方向进行逆时针转动的方向。在卷绕方向D上，电极组件20可包括依次连接的第一平直段20a、第一弯折段20b、第二平直段20c和第二弯折段20d。电极组件20还具有第一方向D 1和第二方向D 2。第一方向D 1为卷绕中心轴O的延伸方向。第二方向D 2为垂直于卷绕中心轴O的方向。
请一并参照图4和图5，在一些实施例中，第一极片21为正极极片，第二极片22为负极极片。对应地，第一集流体211为正极集流体，第一活性材料层212为正极活性材料层。第二集流体221为负极集流体，第二活性材料层222为负极活性材料层。当然，在其他实施例中，第一极片21和第二极片22也可以分别为负极片和正极极片，本申请并不作限制。
正极集流体可以采用铝箔，当然，也可以采用本领域常用的其他集流体。正极集流体的厚度可以为1μm至50μm。在一些实施例中，负极集流体可以采用铜箔、镍箔或碳基集流体中的至少一种。负极集流体的厚度可以为1μm至50μm。
正极活性材料层包含正极活性材料，正极活性材料包括可逆地嵌入和脱嵌锂离子的化合物(即，锂化插层化合物)。在一些实施例中，正极活性材料可以包括锂过渡金属复合氧化物。该锂过渡金属复合氧化物含有锂以及从钴、锰和镍中选择的至少一种元素。在一些实施例中，正极活性材料选自以下中的至少一种：钴酸锂(LiCoO 2)、锂镍锰钴三元材料(NCM)、锰酸锂(LiMn 2O 4)、镍锰酸锂(LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4)或磷酸铁锂(LiFePO 4)。
负极活性材料层包含负极活性材料，负极活性材料包括能够进行活性离子可逆脱嵌的负极活性材料。在一些实施例中，负极活性材料可以是石墨、软碳、硬碳、碳纤维、中间相碳微球、硅基材料、锡基材料、钛酸锂或其他能与锂形成合金的金属等中的一种或多种的组合。其中，石墨可选自人造石墨、天然石墨以及改性石墨中的一种或多种的组合；硅基材料可选自单质硅、硅氧化合物、硅碳复合物、硅合金中的一种或多种的组合；锡基材料可选自单质锡、锡氧化合物、锡合金等中的一种或多种的组合。
隔膜23包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰亚胺或芳纶中的至少一种。例如，聚乙烯包括选自高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯或超高分子量聚乙烯中的至少一种。尤其是聚乙烯和聚丙烯，它们对防止短路具有良好的作用，并可以通过关断效应改善电池100的稳定性。在一些实施例中，隔膜23的厚度在约5μm至50μm的范围内。
请一并参照图4和图5，第二极片22具有位于电极组件20最外圈的第一段2201，第一段2201背离卷绕中心轴O的第一表面S1未设置活性材料。第一极片21具有位于内孔201处的第二段2101，第二段2101面向卷绕中心轴O的第二表面S2未设置活性材料。第一表面S1和第二表面S2可作为电极组件20的两个输出端。第一表面S1用于与弹性件40电连接，使得弹性件40和第二壳体12可呈现与第二极片22相同的电极性。导电组件30 设于第一壳体11且用于与第二表面S2电连接，使得导电组件30可呈现与第一极片21相同的电极性。应当理解的是，第二集流体221具有位于电极组件20最外圈的第一段2201，是指第一段2201位于卷绕结构中的最外圈(最外层)。
请一并参照图5，在一些实施例中，第一段2201为单面区，即，第一段2201包括第二集流体221和设于第二集流体221其中一表面的第二活性材料层222，第一表面S1为第二集流体221未设置活性材料的另一表面。在另一些实施例中，第一段2201也可以为空箔区，即，第一段2201仅包括第二集流体221，第一段2201的第二集流体221的两个表面均未设有活性材料。例如，如图7所示，电极组件20的最外圈为第二极片22，第一段2201可以为位于第一平直段20a最外圈的单面区，也可以为位于第一弯折段20b最外圈或第二弯折段20d最外圈的空箔区，本申请并不作限制。当然，第一段2201也可以为上述单面区和空箔区的组合，从而提高第一段2201与弹性件40电连接的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第二段2101为单面区，即，第二段2101包括第一集流体211和设于第一集流体211其中一表面的第一活性材料层212，第二表面S2为第一集流体211设置活性材料的另一表面。在另一些实施例中，第二段2101也可以为空箔区，即，第二段2101仅包括第一集流体211，第二段2101的第一集流体211的两个表面均未设有活性材料。例如，如图5所示，电极组件20最靠近卷绕中心轴O的极片为第一极片21，第二段2101可以为位于第二平直段20c的单面区，也可以为位于第一平直段20a或第一弯折段20b的空箔区，本申请并不作限制。当然，第二段2101也可以为上述单面区和空箔区的组合，从而提高第二段2101与导电组件30电连接的可靠性。
组装电池100时，只需要将电极组件20卷绕设置于第二壳体12的腔体120内，将导电组件30插入电极组件20的内孔201中，并将第一壳体11与导电组件30及第二壳体12分别固定，再注入电解液便可。由于弹性件40具有弹性，弹性件40在电极组件20放入第二壳体12内时压缩，从而可将电极组件20较稳固地抵靠于壳体组件10内，并使得第一极片21的第二段2101和第二极片22的第一段2201分别与导电组件30和弹性件40电连接。而且，电池100组装后还包括化成工序。通常电极组件20在化成后厚度增大，使得电极组件20与导电组件30与弹性件40的接触更加紧密，进一步提高电极组件20与导电组件30与弹性件40之间电连接的可靠性。
可以理解，在正极片和负极片的集流体上分别焊接正极极耳和负极极耳，将负极极耳焊接于壳体组件的第二壳体，将正极极耳焊接于导电组件，同样可以实现电子的传导。然而，多次焊接提高了制程和复杂性和成本。而且，焊接可能会存在漏焊、虚焊和过焊等问题，影响电连接的可靠性，且焊接产生的毛刺或焊印可能会刺穿隔膜并导致内部短路。另一方面，对于包含多极耳的电池来说，通常还需要将多个极耳聚集然后转接焊到金属片，再由金属片导出至第二壳体或导电组件。然而，转接焊使得极耳结构复杂，降低了电池的能量密度。
本申请利用设于第二壳体12内壁的弹性件40，将电极组件20较稳固地抵靠于壳体组 件10内，并使得第一极片21和第二极片22分别接触并电连接至导电组件30和第二壳体12，从而提高了电连接的可靠性，也降低了因焊接毛刺或焊印刺穿隔膜23并导致内部短路的风险，即提高了使用安全性。而且，由于本申请不需通过焊接将极片的极性导出至导电组件30和第二壳体12，因此有利于简化工艺和降低成本。再者，由于本申请省略了极耳上的转接焊结构，因此也有利于提高电池100的能量密度。
请一并参照图4和图6，在一些实施例中，弹性件40包括第一固定部41和抵靠部42。第一固定部41固定于并电连接第二壳体12上，从而使弹性件40电连接第二壳体12。抵靠部42凸出于第一固定部41，且抵靠部42可以设置为弧形。抵靠部42抵靠于第一段2201，从而使第一段2201与弹性件40电连接。在一些实施例中，第一固定部41和抵靠部42一体成型，且抵靠部42由一平板结构的中央部分沿着远离侧壁122的方向凸出形成。制备时，可采用冲压方式成型出弹性件40。
在一些实施例中，弹性件40的材质为金属。如，弹性件40的材质可以为不锈钢、镍、铝等。进一步地，第二壳体12的材质也可以为金属。如，第二壳体12的材质可以为不锈钢、镍、铝等。弹性件40可通过第一固定部41焊接固定于第二壳体12，从而使弹性件40电连接第二壳体12。
进一步地，如图7所示，弹性件40处于自然状态时(即电极组件20放入壳体组件10之前)，抵靠部42与第二壳体12的内壁具有第一距离L 1。如图6所示，当电极组件20放入壳体组件10后，弹性件40处于压缩状态，此时抵靠部42与第二壳体12的内壁具有第二距离L 2。L 1和L 2满足：0.1mm≤L 1≤2mm，0.05mm≤L 2≤2mm，且L 2<L 1。当第一距离L 1过小时，弹性件40在电极组件20放入壳体组件10后压缩空间较小，使得弹性件40未能充分压缩，对应地，弹性件40与第一段2201之间电连接的可靠性相对降低。当第一距离L 1过大时，增加了电池100的整体尺寸。其中，定义第一距离L 1和第二距离L 2为沿第二方向D 2，抵靠部42的最高点与第二壳体12的内壁之间的距离。
如图6所示，在一些实施例中，第一固定部41和抵靠部42均具有第一厚度H 1，0.05mm≤H 1≤2mm。通过限定第一厚度H 1的范围，使得弹性件40具有足够的弹性，提高了弹性件40与第一段2201之间电连接的可靠性。其中，定义第一厚度H 1为沿第二方向D 2，第一固定部41或抵靠部42的表面与沿第二方向D 2延伸的直线相交的两交点之间的距离。
请一并参照图4和图6，在一些实施例中，导电组件30包括连接件31和固定于连接件31表面的导电件32。第一壳体11设有第一通孔110，连接件31容置于第一通孔110中并固定于第一壳体11上。导电件32伸入内孔201中并抵靠于第二表面S2，从而实现导电组件30与第一极片21之间的电连接。因此，第一极片21的极性可依次通过导电件32和连接件31导出。其中，导电件32和连接件31可一体成型，也可组装成型。其中，第一通孔110的横截面形状可以为圆形、椭圆形、方形、三角形、多方形等。第一通孔110的孔径可不超过100mm。
导电件32可大致为长轴方向沿第一方向D 1设置的橄榄球型。在一些实施例中，导电 件32包括多个弧形的弹片320沿导电件32的外周方向围设形成，使得导电件32也具有弹性。当电极组件20放入壳体组件10内时，导电件32发生弹性形变，从而将电极组件20较稳固地抵靠于壳体组件10内，并使得第一极片21和第二极片22分别接触并电连接至导电组件30和第二壳体12。因此，导电件32进一步提高了电连接的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，连接件31包括连接部311和设于连接部311的侧边的第二固定部312。连接部311容置于第一通孔110内，且导电件32固定于连接部311。第二固定部312固定于第一壳体11上，并与电极组件20绝缘设置。
如图4和图6所示，在一些实施例中，第二固定部312固定于所述第一壳体的内表面(即面向电极组件20的表面)。连接部311可凸伸出所述第一通孔110设置，从而便于电池100通过连接部311与外部电路电连接。其中，第二固定部312可为片状结构，且第二固定部312具有第二厚度H 2，H 2满足：0.1mm≤H 2≤2mm。由于第二厚度H 2较薄，减小了因设置第二固定部312而导致能量密度的损失。
在一些实施例中，导电件32与第二壳体12的底板121之间具有间隙G，间隙G用于阻断导电件32与第二壳体12，从而减小由不同极性的导电件32与第二壳体12直接接触而导致的短路风险。在其他实施例中，也可以在导电件32与第二壳体12的底板121之间设置绝缘层(图未示)，从而将导电件32与第二壳体12隔绝开。
在一些实施例中，连接件31与第一壳体11绝缘连接。此时，第一壳体11可与第二壳体12电连接。如，第一壳体11和第二壳体12可焊接固定。通过将弹性件40电连接第一段2201，使得第一壳体11和第二壳体12整体呈现与第二极片22相同的极性。其中，第一壳体11的材质也可以为金属。如，第一壳体11的材质可以为不锈钢、镍、锰等。
为实现连接件31与第一壳体11绝缘连接，如图4和图6所示，在一些实施例中，电池100还包括设于第一壳体11和连接件31之间的绝缘件70。同时，绝缘件70还用于将连接件31粘接于第一壳体11，由于绝缘件70粘接特性，因此使得导电组件30可密封第一壳体11的第一通孔110，提高壳体组件10的密封性。在一些实例中，绝缘件70设有第二通孔700，连接部311设于第二通孔700中。其中，绝缘件70的材质可包括聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯或氟橡胶中的至少一种。可选地，所述绝缘件70的材质可以包括非极性聚烯烃和位于所述非极性聚烯烃中的绝缘粒子。非极性聚烯烃可选自聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、乙丙橡胶(EPR)或乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)中的至少一种。其中，第二通孔700的横截面形状可以为圆形、椭圆形、方形、三角形、多方形等。在一些实施例中，绝缘件70包括第一绝缘部71和连接第一绝缘部71的第二绝缘部72。第一绝缘部71设于第一通孔110中，且粘接于连接部311的外周和第一通孔110的内壁之间。第二绝缘部72粘接于第二固定部312和第一壳体11之间。
在另一些实施例中，第一壳体11与第二壳体12之间也可以绝缘连接，此时，第一壳体11与导电组件30之间可电性连接。通过将导电组件30电连接第二段2101，使得第一壳体11与导电组件30整体呈现与第一极片21相同的极性。
如图6所示，在一些实施例中，沿第一方向D 1，绝缘件70的第二绝缘部72具有第三厚度H 3，0.01mm≤H 3≤0.3mm。由于第三厚度H 3较小，减小了因设置绝缘件70而导致电池100能量密度的损失。第一壳体11具有第四厚度H 4，0.1mm≤H 4≤2mm。由于第四厚度H 4较小，减小了电池100的整体厚度。
沿第二方向D 2，第一壳体11具有第一宽度W1，绝缘件70具有第二宽度W2(即第二绝缘部72的宽度)，第二固定部312具有第三宽度W3，第一通孔110具有第一直径d1，则W1、W2、W3和d1满足：W1>W2>W3>d1。
定义第二通孔700具有第二直径d2，连接部311具有第四宽度W4。则d1、d2和W4满足：d1>d2>W4。
请一并参照图8，在再一些实施例中，电池100还包括第一阻断件50，第一阻断件50设于导电件32面向电极组件20的侧面。第一阻断件50具有高温自阻断功能，当电极组件20异常产热(即电池100内部温度升高至预设温度)时，第一阻断件50阻断第二段2101与导电组件30之间的电连接，即断开第一极片21与导电组件30之间的电连接。因此，电池100的安全性得以提高。
电池100还可以包括第二阻断件60。第二阻断件60设于抵靠部42面向电极组件20的侧面。第二阻断件60具有高温自阻断功能，当电极组件20异常产热时，第二阻断件60阻断第一段2201与弹性件40之间的电连接，即断开第二极片22与第二壳体12之间的电连接。因此，电池100的安全性进一步提高。
进一步地，第一阻断件50或第二阻断件60中的至少一者可以为正温度系数(PTC)热敏电阻。PTC热敏电阻的电阻值在电极组件20异常产热时增大，从而阻断电极组件20与导电组件30或第二壳体12之间的电连接。其中，PTC热敏电阻的材质可以是陶瓷基材料，如钛酸钡、氧化铝等，也可以是高分子基材料，如聚乙烯、聚丙烯等结晶型聚烯烃。PTC热敏电阻中可掺杂有镍、锰等金属或导电炭黑。在一些实施例中，第一阻断件50或第二阻断件60中的至少一者具有第五厚度H 5，为5nm≤H 5≤1.5μm。
在再一些实施例中，导电组件30或弹性件40中的至少一者也可以是导电材料与PTC材料的复合材料。例如，导电组件30的材质为导电材料与PTC材料的复合材料，弹性件40的材质也为导电材料与PTC材料的复合材料。如此，导电组件30不仅具有导电性以实现与第一极片21的电连接，而且，导电组件30同样具有高温自阻断功能，当电极组件20异常产热时，导电组件30能够阻断与第一极片21之间的电连接，从而提高安全性。同理，弹性件40不仅具有导电性以实现与第二极片22的电连接，而且，弹性件40同样具有高温自阻断功能，当电极组件20异常产热时，弹性件40能够阻断与第二极片22之间的电连接，从而提高安全性。例如，复合材料可以是金属和陶瓷的复合材料或金属和高分子的复合材料。其中，所述金属可以是镍、锰等，所述陶瓷可以是钛酸钡、氧化铝等，所述高分子可以是聚乙烯、聚丙烯等结晶型聚烯烃。复合材料中还可掺杂有导电炭黑，用于提高导电组件30或弹性件40的导电性。
请参阅图9至图12，本申请另一实施方式还提供一种电池200。与上述电池100不同之处在于，第二固定部312固定于第一壳体11的外表面(即背离电极组件20的表面)，且第二固定部312的外表面与连接部311的外表面位于同一平面内。
其中，电池在正常工作时会在壳体组件内部产生气体，导致内部压力增大。由于第二固定部312固定于第一壳体11的外表面，当电池200内部压力超过预定值时，导电组件30会被冲开并与所述壳体组件10分离，从而达到泄压的目的，减小电池200爆炸的风险，提高电池200的安全性。由于第二固定部312的外表面与连接部311的外表面位于同一平面内，也有利于使得壳体组件10的整体外形较平整，即，使得电池200外形更规则。
在一些实施例中，第二固定部312可为片状结构，且第二固定部312具有第二厚度H 2，H 2满足：0.1mm≤H 2≤2mm。由于第二固定部312厚度较薄，减小了电池200的整体厚度。
请参阅图13，本申请还提供一种用电装置1。用电装置1包括本体2和设于本体2内的如上电池100(或电池200)。在一实施方式中，本申请的用电装置1可以是，但不限于，笔记本电脑、笔输入型计算机、移动电脑、电子书播放器、便携式电话、便携式传真机、便携式复印机、便携式打印机、头戴式立体声耳机、录像机、液晶电视、手表、运动手环、手提式清洁器、便携CD机、迷你光盘、收发机、电子记事本、计算器、存储卡、便携式录音机、收音机、备用电源、电机、汽车、摩托车、助力自行车、自行车、照明器具、玩具、游戏机、电动工具、闪光灯和锂离子电容器等。
以上仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体组件，包括第一壳体和第二壳体，所述第一壳体固定于所述第二壳体上；
    弹性件，设于所述第二壳体的内壁上且电连接所述第二壳体；
    电极组件，卷绕设置于所述第二壳体内并在卷绕起始处形成内孔，所述电极组件包括第一极片和极性相反的第二极片，所述第二极片具有位于所述电极组件的最外圈的第一段，所述第一段具有背离卷绕中心且未设置活性材料的第一表面，所述第一表面与所述弹性件电连接；所述第一极片具有位于所述内孔处的第二段，所述第二段具有面向卷绕中心且未设置活性材料的第二表面；及
    导电组件，设于所述第一壳体，所述导电组件与所述第二表面电连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述导电组件包括相互连接的连接件和导电件；
    所述第一壳体具有第一通孔，所述连接件容置于所述第一通孔中并固定于所述第一壳体上；
    所述导电件伸入所述内孔并抵靠于所述第二表面。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述连接件与所述第一壳体绝缘连接，所述第一壳体与所述第二壳体电连接。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述连接件与所述第一壳体电连接，所述第一壳体与所述第二壳体绝缘连接。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述导电件与所述第二壳体的底板之间具有间隙，所述间隙用于隔断所述导电件与所述第二壳体电连接。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述弹性件包括第一固定部和抵靠部，所述抵靠部凸出于所述第一固定部；
    所述第一固定部固定于所述第二壳体上，所述抵靠部抵靠于所述第一表面上。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括第一阻断件；
    所述第一阻断件设于所述导电件靠近所述电极组件的侧面，用于在所述电极组件异常产热时阻断所述导电件与所述电极组件之间的电连接。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括第二阻断件；
    所述第二阻断件设于所述抵靠部靠近所述电极组件的侧面，用于在所述电极组件异常产热时阻断所述抵靠部与所述电极组件之间的电连接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池，其特征在于，所述抵靠部压缩抵靠于所述第一表面，所述抵靠部与所述第二壳体的内壁的距离为第二距离L 2；将所述抵靠部在自然状态下与所述第二壳体的内壁的距离设为第一距离L 1；
    0.1mm≤L 1≤2mm，0.05mm≤L 2≤2mm，且L 2<L 1。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一固定部和所述抵靠部均具有第一厚度H 1，0.05mm≤H 1≤2mm。
  11. 如权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述连接件包括连接部和设于所述连接部的侧边的第二固定部；
    所述连接部容置于所述第一通孔内，所述导电件固定于所述连接部；所述第二固定部固定于所述第一壳体上，并与所述电极组件绝缘设置。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第二固定部为片状结构，且所述第二固定部具有第二厚度H 2，0.1mm≤H 2≤2mm。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括绝缘件；
    所述绝缘件设于所述连接件和所述第一壳体之间。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电池，其特征在于，沿垂直于所述电极组件的卷绕中心轴的方向，所述第一壳体具有第一宽度W1，所述绝缘件具有第二宽度W2，所述第二固定部具有第三宽度W3，所述第一通孔具有第一直径d1，W1>W2>W3>d1。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的电池，其特征在于，所述绝缘件包括相互连接的第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部，所述第一绝缘部设于所述第一通孔中且粘接所述连接部和所述第一通孔的内壁，所述第二绝缘部粘接所述第二固定部和所述第一壳体，所述第二绝缘部具有第三厚度H 3，0.01mm≤H 3≤0.3mm。
  16. 如权利要求13所述的电池，其特征在于，所述绝缘件包括聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯或氟橡胶中的至少一种。
  17. 如权利要求11所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第二固定部固定于所述第一壳体的内表面，且所述连接部凸伸出所述第一通孔设置。
  18. 如权利要求11所述的电池，其特征在于，所述绝缘件设有第二通孔，所述连接部设于所述第二通孔中；
    沿垂直于所述电极组件的卷绕中心轴的方向，所述第一通孔具有第一直径d1，所述第二通孔具有第二直径d2，所述连接部具有第四宽度W4，d1>d2>W4。
  19. 如权利要求11所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第二固定部固定于所述第一壳体的外表面，且所述第二固定部的外表面与所述连接部的外表面位于同一平面内。
  20. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括本体和如权利要求1至19中任意一项所述的电池，所述电池设于所述本体内。
PCT/CN2021/102919 2021-06-29 2021-06-29 电池和具有所述电池的用电装置 WO2023272464A1 (zh)

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