WO2023245862A1 - 一种mimo雷达监测系统及基于mimo雷达监测系统的监测方法 - Google Patents

一种mimo雷达监测系统及基于mimo雷达监测系统的监测方法 Download PDF

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WO2023245862A1
WO2023245862A1 PCT/CN2022/115405 CN2022115405W WO2023245862A1 WO 2023245862 A1 WO2023245862 A1 WO 2023245862A1 CN 2022115405 W CN2022115405 W CN 2022115405W WO 2023245862 A1 WO2023245862 A1 WO 2023245862A1
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module
receiving
signal
array
transmit
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PCT/CN2022/115405
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王宏宇
于慧
姚迪
江志远
戴颖超
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苏州理工雷科传感技术有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/885—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for ground probing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of radar detection, and specifically relates to a MIMO radar monitoring system and a monitoring method based on the MIMO radar monitoring system.
  • Landslides are the second largest geological disaster after earthquakes. my country is one of the countries prone to landslide disasters in the world. The number of deaths and missing persons caused by geological disasters every year accounts for about one-third of natural disasters, and the direct economic losses caused by Reaching billions to tens of billions of yuan.
  • slope deformation monitoring radar has gained great popularity in the field of landslide disaster prevention and control due to its advantages of high measurement accuracy, all-day, all-weather, wide range, and continuous detection. Rapid development. This type of radar is based on the technical principle of combining high-resolution imaging with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and phase difference interferometry.
  • SAR synthetic aperture radar
  • many research institutions at home and abroad have carried out research on slope deformation monitoring radar, and have launched a variety of radar products with mechanical scanning synthetic aperture systems. Although to a certain extent, they can achieve deformation measurement and landslide surface deformation measurement.
  • Early warning analysis but limited by the lack of monitoring accuracy, climate, scenes and key random numbers, it is difficult to achieve full coverage, portable, high-precision and high-reliability deformation monitoring of slope scenes at the same time.
  • MIMO radar can be used for slope deformation monitoring with its advantages of fast switching speed and high reliability.
  • problems such as difficulty in multi-channel calibration and high system hardware complexity and cost have greatly restricted the application and promotion of MIMO deformation monitoring radar.
  • the present invention aims to reduce the cost of edge side end units and provide a MIMO radar monitoring system and a monitoring method based on the MIMO radar monitoring system.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a MIMO radar monitoring system, including a signal processor module, a frequency synthesizer module, a single power amplifier module, a transmit switch array module, a transmit antenna array, a receive switch array module and a receive antenna array; wherein ,
  • the signal processor module is connected to the frequency synthesizer module, and the signal processor module is configured to implement timing control of the system, generate analog signals and provide them to the frequency synthesizer module, and receive the frequency synthesizer module.
  • the baseband signal returned by the module performs AD sampling, signal preprocessing, data storage and return transmission functions;
  • the frequency synthesizer module is connected to the signal processor module, the single power amplifier module and the receiving switch array module, and the receiving switch array module is also connected to the receiving antenna array; the frequency synthesizer The module is configured to provide a reference clock signal; receive the analog signal sent by the signal processor module for up-conversion, generate a radio frequency transmission signal, and send the radio frequency transmission signal to the single power amplifier module; and obtain the Receive the echo signal returned from the switch array module, complete orthogonal down-conversion, generate a baseband signal, and send it to the signal processor module after power amplification;
  • the single power amplifier module is disposed between the frequency synthesizer module and the transmit switch array module, and is connected to the frequency synthesizer module and the transmit switch array module respectively.
  • the transmit switch array module is also connected to the frequency synthesizer module and the transmit switch array module.
  • the transmitting antenna array is connected; the single power amplifier module is configured to receive the radio frequency transmit signal output by the frequency synthesizer module, perform power amplification, and transmit it to the transmit switch array module, so that the transmit switch array module
  • the radio frequency transmission signal output by the single power amplifier module is sent to the transmitting antenna array to realize time-sharing conduction of the transmitting channel.
  • the transmit switch array module includes a plurality of transmit switches, and the transmit antenna array includes a plurality of transmit antennas, wherein a transmit switch of the plural transmit switches is connected to a transmit antenna of the plural transmit antennas.
  • a transmit switch of the plural transmit switches is connected to a transmit antenna of the plural transmit antennas.
  • the receiving switch array module includes a plurality of receiving switches, the receiving antenna array includes a plurality of receiving antennas, and one receiving switch among the plurality of receiving switches is connected to one of the receiving antennas.
  • the transmitting antenna array includes M transmitting antennas, and the receiving antenna array includes N receiving antennas; wherein the M transmitting antennas are evenly divided into two spaced and symmetrically arranged transmitting antenna sub-arrays, each The spacing between adjacent transmitting antennas in the transmitting antenna subarray is ⁇ /2, ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, and M is an even number; N receiving antennas form a receiving antenna subarray, and the adjacent receiving antennas in the receiving antenna subarray are The spacing between the receiving antennas is M ⁇ /4; the receiving antenna sub-array and the transmitting antenna sub-array are arranged in parallel.
  • the radio frequency transmission signal is a linear frequency modulated continuous wave signal.
  • the signal processor module includes a programmable main control chip, and a data memory, an analog-to-digital converter and a direct digital frequency synthesizer connected to the main control chip.
  • the receiving switch array module includes a plurality of receiving switches and a plurality of low-noise amplifiers connected to the plurality of receiving switches, for realizing the time-sharing conduction of the receiving channel and the low-noise amplification function of the received signal.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a monitoring method based on the above-mentioned MIMO radar monitoring system, including:
  • the image is used to calculate whether the monitored area sends deformation.
  • the method before transmitting the microwave signal to the monitored area, the method further includes:
  • imaging the monitored area based on the sampled echo signal specifically includes:
  • T p is the modulation period
  • f 0 is the radio frequency starting frequency
  • Rate is the frequency modulation slope of the system
  • the time domain signal obtained after the echo of the mnth transceiver pair is down-converted by the frequency synthesizer module is:
  • ⁇ mn is the target echo delay corresponding to the mn-th transceiver pair
  • (x tm ,y tm ,z tm ) is the coordinate of the m-th transmitting antenna
  • (x rn ,y rn ,z rn ) is the coordinate of the n-th receiving antenna
  • (x 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ) is the coordinates of the target location
  • a differential interference processing step is also included, that is, after the steps of PS point selection, atmospheric phase correction, and deformation extraction, each step is calculated according to the deformation information calculation model. Deformation information of pixels.
  • the deformation information calculation model is:
  • ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency
  • d is the deformation amount of the target in the radar line of sight direction. This part is similar to the deformation monitoring radar of other systems and will not be described in detail.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a MIMO radar monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a coordinate diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the MIMO radar monitoring system can be used for monitoring in a variety of situations, such as landslide monitoring, debris flow monitoring, etc.
  • the following embodiment uses the MIMO radar monitoring system for monitoring slope deformation as an example.
  • Landslides are the second largest geological disaster after earthquakes. my country is one of the countries prone to landslide disasters in the world. The number of deaths and missing persons caused by geological disasters every year accounts for about one-third of natural disasters, and the direct economic losses caused by Reaching billions to tens of billions of yuan.
  • slope deformation monitoring radar has gained great popularity in the field of landslide disaster prevention and control due to its advantages of high measurement accuracy, all-day, all-weather, wide range, and continuous detection. Rapid development. This type of radar is based on the technical principle of combining high-resolution imaging with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and phase difference interferometry.
  • SAR synthetic aperture radar
  • many research institutions at home and abroad have carried out research on slope deformation monitoring radar, and have launched a variety of radar products with mechanical scanning synthetic aperture systems. Although to a certain extent, they can achieve deformation measurement and landslide surface deformation measurement.
  • Early warning analysis but limited by the lack of monitoring accuracy, climate, scenes and key random numbers, it is difficult to achieve full coverage, portable, high-precision and high-reliability deformation monitoring of slope scenes at the same time.
  • Each transceiver channel of the system is equipped with an amplifier. Since the amplitude-phase characteristics of multiple amplifiers are inconsistently affected by temperature, when the external environment changes, the amplitude-phase relationship between the multiple channels of the system (transmitting channel and receiving channel) will change. If changes occur, multi-channel correction is difficult and will affect subsequent imaging and deformation calculations.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a MIMO radar monitoring system and a monitoring method based on the MIMO radar monitoring system.
  • the MIMO radar monitoring system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementation modes. And the monitoring method based on the MIMO radar monitoring system is described in further detail.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a MIMO radar monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a MIMO radar monitoring system includes a signal processor module 11, a frequency synthesizer module 12, a single power amplifier module 13, a transmitter Switch array module 14, transmitting antenna array 15, receiving switch array module 16 and receiving antenna array 17.
  • the signal processor module 11 is connected to the frequency synthesizer module 12.
  • the signal processor module 11 is configured to implement timing control of the system, generate a broadband high phase noise analog signal and provide it to the frequency synthesizer module 12, and receive frequency synthesis.
  • the baseband signal returned by the processor module 12 performs AD sampling, signal preprocessing, data storage and return transmission functions.
  • the frequency synthesizer module 12 is connected to the signal processor module 11 , the single power amplifier module 13 and the receiving switch array module 16 .
  • the receiving switch array module 16 is also connected to the receiving antenna array 17 .
  • the frequency synthesizer module 12 is configured to provide a reference clock signal, receive the analog signal sent by the signal processor module 11 for up-conversion, generate a radio frequency transmission signal, send the radio frequency transmission signal to the single power amplifier module 13, and obtain the receiving switch array module
  • the echo signal transmitted back from 16 completes orthogonal down-conversion to generate a baseband signal, which is then sent to the signal processor module 11 after power amplification.
  • the single power amplifier module 13 is arranged between the frequency synthesizer module 12 and the transmit switch array module 14, and is connected to the frequency synthesizer module 12 and the transmit switch array module 14 respectively.
  • the transmit switch array module 14 is also connected to the transmit antenna array 15. .
  • the single power amplifier module 13 is configured to receive the radio frequency transmission signal output by the frequency synthesizer module 12, perform power amplification, and transmit it to the transmission switch array module 14, so that the transmission switch array module 14 transmits the radio frequency transmission signal output by the single power amplifier module to the transmitter.
  • the antenna array 15 realizes time-sharing conduction of the transmission channel.
  • the radio frequency transmission signal may be a linear frequency modulated continuous wave signal.
  • the single power amplifier module 13 is disposed between the frequency synthesizer module 12 and the transmit switch array module 14 and is connected to the frequency synthesizer module 12 and the transmit switch array module 14 respectively, when the external environment occurs When changing, the amplitude-phase relationship between the system's transmitting channels 100 and the receiving channels 200 will not change significantly, which can achieve stable system calibration without affecting subsequent imaging and deformation calculations, simplifying system design and reducing costs. , which improves the stability of the system.
  • the transmit switch array module 14 may include a plurality of transmit switches
  • the transmit antenna array 15 may include a plurality of transmit antennas, wherein one transmit switch among the plurality of transmit switches corresponds to one transmit antenna among the plurality of transmit antennas. connect.
  • the receiving switch array module 16 includes a plurality of receiving switches
  • the receiving antenna array 17 includes a plurality of receiving antennas
  • one receiving switch among the plurality of receiving switches is connected to one receiving antenna among the plurality of receiving antennas.
  • the antenna array includes a transmit antenna array and a receive antenna array, wherein the transmit antenna array includes M transmit antennas and the receive antenna array includes N receive antennas; wherein the M transmit antennas are evenly divided into two sets of intervals And for the symmetrically arranged transmitting antenna sub-array, the spacing between adjacent transmitting antennas in each transmitting antenna sub-array is ⁇ /2, ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, M is an even number; N receiving antennas form a receiving antenna sub-array. Array, the spacing between adjacent receiving antennas in the receiving antenna sub-array is M ⁇ /4; the receiving antenna sub-array and the transmitting antenna sub-array are arranged in parallel.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the antenna array includes a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array, where the value of M is 8 and the value of N is 4.
  • the transmitting antenna array includes 8 transmitting antennas 21 and the receiving antenna array includes 4 receiving antennas 22.
  • the 8 transmitting antennas 21 are evenly divided into two spaced and symmetrically arranged transmitting antenna sub-arrays 300, each transmitting antenna sub-array 300
  • the spacing between adjacent transmitting antennas 21 is ⁇ /2, and ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.
  • Four receiving antennas form a receiving antenna sub-array 400.
  • the spacing between adjacent receiving antennas 22 in the receiving antenna sub-array 400 is 2 ⁇ .
  • the receiving antenna sub-array 400 and the transmitting antenna sub-array 300 are arranged in parallel. It can be understood that the values of M and N can also be specifically selected according to the situation, and are not specifically limited here.
  • the layout of the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array is designed in the above manner.
  • the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array can be equivalent to a uniform line with a spacing of ⁇ /4. array (500), thus simplifying imaging calculations.
  • the signal processor module may include a programmable main control chip, and a data memory, an analog-to-digital converter, and a direct digital frequency synthesizer connected to the main control chip.
  • the receiving switch array module includes a plurality of receiving switches and a plurality of low-noise amplifiers connected to the multiple receiving switches, for realizing time-sharing conduction of the receiving channel and low-noise amplification of the received signal.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a method for deformation monitoring based on a MIMO radar monitoring system, which includes: transmitting a microwave signal to a monitored area; receiving an echo signal reflected back from the monitored area; and analyzing the echo. The signal is sampled; the monitored area is imaged based on the sampled echo signal to obtain an image of the monitored area; and the image is used to determine whether the monitored area sends deformation.
  • the deformation monitoring is carried out by using a MIMO radar monitoring system. Since the single power amplifier module 13 is arranged between the frequency synthesizer module 12 and the transmit switch array module 14, and is connected to the frequency synthesizer module 12 and the transmit switch array respectively. The modules 14 are connected. Therefore, when the external environment changes, the amplitude-phase relationship between the system's transmitting channels 100 and the receiving channels 200 will not change, which can achieve stable system calibration and will not cause any impact on subsequent imaging and deformation calculations. Influence. At the same time, since the transmit switch array module does not contain a power amplification module, the amplitude and phase characteristics of each transmit channel 100 are highly consistent and the switching speed is fast.
  • the amplitude phase inconsistency between multiple channels will directly affect the imaging effect. Therefore, it is necessary to perform multi-channel amplitude and phase consistency calibration before the step of transmitting microwave signals to the monitored area.
  • the power amplifier since the power amplifier is shared, the amplitude and phase consistency between multiple channels are mainly affected by the cables and switches inside the system, and are less affected by the external temperature. Therefore, a fixed value can be generated through one-time external calibration. channel correction factor, the specific steps are as follows:
  • Formula 1 The relative amplitude and relative phase of each transceiver pair are calculated through Formula 1 as the correction factor.
  • Formula 1 is: (Indicates the channel correction factor of the mnth transceiver pair).
  • imaging the monitored area based on the sampled echo signal specifically includes:
  • T p is the modulation period
  • f 0 is the radio frequency starting frequency
  • Rate is the frequency modulation slope of the system
  • the time domain signal obtained after the echo of the mnth transceiver pair is down-converted by the frequency synthesizer module is:
  • ⁇ mn is the target echo delay corresponding to the mn-th transceiver pair
  • (x tm ,y tm ,z tm ) is the coordinate of the m-th transmitting antenna
  • (x rn ,y rn ,z rn ) is the coordinate of the n-th receiving antenna
  • (x 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ) is the coordinates of the target location
  • ⁇ mn when the distance between the target and the antenna array satisfies the far-field condition, that is, the distance between the target and the antenna array is greater than
  • D is the distance between equivalent phase centers
  • ⁇ is the wavelength
  • ⁇ mn can be simplified as Among them, x mn is located on the X axis, centered on the origin, and the azimuth interval is a uniform linear array.
  • the system model can be simplified and the amount of calculations can be reduced while maintaining the imaging quality.
  • a differential interference processing step is also included, that is, after the steps of PS point selection, atmospheric phase correction, and deformation extraction, each step is calculated based on the deformation information calculation model. Deformation information of pixels.
  • the deformation information calculation model is:
  • ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency
  • d is the deformation amount of the target in the radar line of sight direction. This part is similar to the deformation monitoring radar of other systems and will not be described in detail.

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Abstract

一种MIMO雷达监测系统及基于MIMO雷达监测系统进行的监测方法，属于雷达监测领域，可实现稳定的系统校准，不会对后续成像及形变计算造成影响。MIMO雷达监测系统包括信号处理机模块（11）、频率综合器模块（12）、单功放模块（13）、发射开关阵列模块（14）、发射天线阵列（15）、接收开关阵列模块（16）和接收天线阵列（17）；信号处理机模块（11）与频率综合器模块（12）相连接；频率综合器模块（12）与信号处理机模块（11）、单功放模块（13）和接收开关阵列模块（16）相连接，接收开关阵列模块（16）还与接收天线阵列（17）相连接；单功放模块（13）设置在频率综合器模块（12）和发射开关阵列模块（14）之间，且分别与频率综合器模块（12）和发射开关阵列模块（14）相连接，发射开关阵列模块（14）还与发射天线阵列（15）相连接。

Description

一种MIMO雷达监测系统及基于MIMO雷达监测系统的监测方法
本申请要求2022年6月21日向中国专利局提交的、申请号为2022107071500、发明名称“一种MIMO雷达监测系统及基于MIMO雷达监测系统的监测方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本发明中。
技术领域
本发明属于雷达探测技术领域，具体涉及一种MIMO雷达监测系统及基于MIMO雷达监测系统的监测方法。
背景技术
滑坡是仅次于地震的第二大地质灾害，我国是世界上滑坡灾害多发的国家之一，每年因地质灾害造成的死亡和失踪人数约占自然灾害的三分之一，造成的直接经济损失达数十亿至上百亿元人民币。
滑坡灾害监测和预警的关键是高精度的表面形变测量，近年来，边坡形变监测雷达凭借其测量精度高、全天时、全天候、大范围、连续探测等优点，在滑坡灾害防治领域得到了迅猛发展。该类雷达基于合成孔径雷达(SAR)高分辨成像与相位差分干涉测量相结合的技术原理。目前国内外已有多家研究机构开展了对边坡形变监测雷达的研究，并推出了机械扫描合成孔径体制的多款雷达产品，虽然在一定程度上能够实现对边坡滑坡表面的形变测量及预警分析，但受限于监测精度、气候、场景及关键随机数的缺失，难以同时实现对边坡场景进行全覆盖、便携式、高精度和高可靠性的形变监测。
目前MIMO雷达凭借其切换速度快、可靠性高等优势，可用于边坡形变监测，但多通道校准难及系统硬件复杂度高、成本高等问题极大地限制了MIMO形变监测雷达的应用和推广。
公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理 解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明旨在降低边缘侧边端单元的成本，提供一种MIMO雷达监测系统及基于MIMO雷达监测系统的监测方法。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种MIMO雷达监测系统，包括信号处理机模块、频率综合器模块、单功放模块、发射开关阵列模块、发射天线阵列、接收开关阵列模块和接收天线阵列；其中，
所述信号处理机模块与所述频率综合器模块相连接，所述信号处理机模块被配置为实现对系统的时序控制、生成模拟信号提供给所述频率综合器模块、接收所述频率综合器模块回传的基带信号进行AD采样、进行信号预处理、数据存储与回传功能；
所述频率综合器模块与所述信号处理机模块、所述单功放模块和所述接收开关阵列模块相连接，所述接收开关阵列模块还与所述接收天线阵列相连接；所述频率综合器模块被配置为提供参考时钟信号；接收所述信号处理机模块发送的所述模拟信号进行上变频，生成射频发射信号，并将所述射频发射信号发送给所述单功放模块；以及获取所述接收开关阵列模块回传的回波信号，完成正交下变频、产生基带信号，经功率放大后发送给所述信号处理机模块；
所述单功放模块设置在所述频率综合器模块和所述发射开关阵列模块之间，且分别与所述频率综合器模块和所述发射开关阵列模块相连接，所述发射开关阵列模块还与所述发射天线阵列相连接；所述单功放模块被配置为接收所述频率综合器模块输出的射频发射信号进行功率放大，并传给所述发射开关阵列模块，以使所述发射开关阵列模块将单功放模块输出的射频发射信号输送至发射天线阵列，实现发射通道的分时导通。
可选地，所述发射开关阵列模块包括多个发射开关，所述发射天线阵列包括多个发射天线，其中，多个发射开关中的一个发射开关与所述多个发射天线中的一个发射天线对应连接；
所述接收开关阵列模块包括多个接收开关，所述接收天线阵列包括多个接收天线，多个接收开关中的一个接收开关与所述多个接收天线中的一个接收天线对应连接。
可选地，所述发射天线阵列包括M个发射天线，所述接收天线阵列包括N个接收天线；其中，M个发射天线被平均分为两个间隔且对称设置的发射天线子阵列，每个发射天线子阵列中相邻的发射天线间的间距为λ/2，λ为中心频率对应的波长，M为偶数；N个接收天线组成一个接收天线子阵列，所述接收天线子阵列中相邻的接收天线间的间距为Mλ/4；所述接收天线子阵列与发射天线子阵列平行设置。
可选地，所述射频发射信号为线性调频连续波信号。
可选地，所述信号处理机模块包括可编程的主控芯片，以及与所述主控芯片相连接的数据存储器、模数转换器和直接数字式频率合成器。
可选地，所述接收开关阵列模块包括多个接收开关和与多个接收开关连接的多个低噪放大器，用于实现对接收通道的分时导通及对接收信号的低噪声放大功能。
第二方面，本公开实施例提供一种基于上述的MIMO雷达监测系统进行监测的方法，包括：
向被监测区域发射微波信号；
接收被监测区域反射回来的回波信号；
对所述回波信号进行采样；
基于采样后的回波信号对被监测区域进行成像，得到关于被监测区域的图像；
利用所述图像计算所述被监测区域是否发送形变。
可选地，所述向被监测区域发射微波信号之前，还包括：
用矢网与标准天线测量系统各天线的相对幅度和相位，一次性获得通道校正因子；设用标定系统测得第m个发射天线的回波数据为data tm,m＝1,2,…,M，第n个接收天线的测试回波数据为data rn,n＝1,2,…,N；
通过公式一计算得到各收发对的相对幅度和相对相位作为校正因子，公式一为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000001
可选地，所述基于采样后的回波信号对被监测区域进行成像具体包括：
假定每个周期的每个发射天线发射信号为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000002
其中，T p为调制周期，f 0为射频起始频
率
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000003
为系统调频斜率；
则第mn个收发对的回波经频率综合器模块下变频后得到的时域信号为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000004
其中，τ mn为第mn个收发对对应的目标回波延迟；
τ mn的通用表达式如下：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000005
其中，(x tm,y tm,z tm)为第m个发射天线的坐标，(x rn,y rn,z rn)为第n个接收天线的坐标，(x 0,y 0,z 0)为目标所在位置的坐标；
对各通道的时域回波信号进行加窗和通道幅相校正，记第mn个收发对的通道校正因子为err mn，加窗系数为win(t),则时域处理后的第mn个通道的回波为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000006
err mn(1≤m≤M,1≤n≤N)，
对第mn个回波信号
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000007
进行距离向FFT变化到频域，忽略幅度后有：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000008
方位反投，可通过以下公式获得成像结果：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000009
当采用权利要求1-6中任一项所述的监测系统时，τ mn的通用表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000010
可选地，所述基于采样后的回波信号对被监测区域进行成像之后，还包括差分干涉处理步骤，即在PS点选取、大气相位校正、形变提取步骤后，根据形变信息计算模型计算各像素点的形变信息。
可选地，所述形变信息计算模型为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000011
其中，λ为中心频率对应的波长，
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000012
为由时序成像结果提取的相位变化值，d即为目标在雷达视线方向的形变量。该部分与其它体制的形变监测雷达相似，不再进行详细描述。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种MIMO雷达监测系统的结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例提供的一种天线阵列的结构示意图；
图3为本公开实施例提供的一种天线阵列的坐标图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
除非另外定义，本发明使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样，“一个”、“一”或者“该”等类似词语也不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者 物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
需要说明的是，MIMO雷达监测系统可用于多种场合的监测，例如对滑坡的监测、对泥石流的监测等，以下实施例是以MIMO雷达监测系统用于边坡形变的监测为例进行说明。
滑坡是仅次于地震的第二大地质灾害，我国是世界上滑坡灾害多发的国家之一，每年因地质灾害造成的死亡和失踪人数约占自然灾害的三分之一，造成的直接经济损失达数十亿至上百亿元人民币。
滑坡灾害监测和预警的关键是高精度的表面形变测量，近年来，边坡形变监测雷达凭借其测量精度高、全天时、全天候、大范围、连续探测等优点，在滑坡灾害防治领域得到了迅猛发展。该类雷达基于合成孔径雷达(SAR)高分辨成像与相位差分干涉测量相结合的技术原理。目前国内外已有多家研究机构开展了对边坡形变监测雷达的研究，并推出了机械扫描合成孔径体制的多款雷达产品，虽然在一定程度上能够实现对边坡滑坡表面的形变测量及预警分析，但受限于监测精度、气候、场景及关键随机数的缺失，难以同时实现对边坡场景进行全覆盖、便携式、高精度和高可靠性的形变监测。
CN113419239A专利所提出的系统实现方案是当前较为常见的MIMO雷达系统的实现方案，但在实际应用时，主要面临以下两方面问题：
1)系统设计复杂，实现难度大且成本高；
2)系统各路收发通道均配置了放大器，由于多个放大器的幅相特性受温度影响不一致，因此，当外部环境发生变化时，系统多通道(发射通道和接收通道)间的幅相关系会发生变化，多通道校正难度大，会对后续成像及形变计算造成影响。
为了解决至少上述技术问题之一，本发明实施例提供了一种MIMO雷达监测系统及基于MIMO雷达监测系统进行监测的方法，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明实施例提供的MIMO雷达监测系统及基于MIMO雷达监测系统进行监测的方法作进一步详细描述。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种MIMO雷达监测系统的结构示意图，如图1所示，一种MIMO雷达监测系统包括信号处理机模块11、频率综合器模块12、单功放模块13、发射开关阵列模块14、发射天线阵列15、接收开关阵列模块16和接收天线阵列17。
具体的，信号处理机模块11与频率综合器模块12相连接，信号处理机模块11被配置为实现对系统的时序控制、生成宽带高相噪模拟信号提供给频率综合器模块12、接收频率综合器模块12回传的基带信号进行AD采样、进行信号预处理、数据存储与回传功能。
频率综合器模块12与信号处理机模块11、单功放模块13和接收开关阵列模块16相连接，接收开关阵列模块16还与接收天线阵列17相连接。频率综合器模块12被配置为提供参考时钟信号，接收信号处理机模块11发送的模拟信号进行上变频，生成射频发射信号，并将射频发射信号发送给单功放模块13，以及获取接收开关阵列模块16回传的回波信号，完成正交下变频、产生基带信号，经功率放大后发送给信号处理机模块11。
单功放模块13设置在频率综合器模块12和发射开关阵列模块14之间，且分别与频率综合器模块12和发射开关阵列模块14相连接，发射开关阵列模块14还与发射天线阵列15相连接。单功放模块13被配置为接收频率综合器模块12输出的射频发射信号进行功率放大，并传给发射开关阵列模块14，以使发射开关阵列模块14将单功放模块输出的射频发射信号输送至发射天线阵列15，实现发射通道的分时导通。
可选的，射频发射信号可为线性调频连续波信号。
在本实施例中，由于单功放模块13设置在频率综合器模块12和发射开 关阵列模块14之间，且分别与频率综合器模块12和发射开关阵列模块14相连接，因此，当外部环境发生变化时，系统发射通道100间的以及接收通道200间的幅相关系不会发生大幅变化，可实现稳定的系统校准，不会对后续成像及形变计算造成影响，简化了系统设计，降低了成本，提升了系统的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，发射开关阵列模块14可以包括多个发射开关，发射天线阵列15包括多个发射天线，其中，多个发射开关中的一个发射开关与多个发射天线中的一个发射天线对应连接。接收开关阵列模块16包括多个接收开关，接收天线阵列17包括多个接收天线，多个接收开关中的一个接收开关与多个接收天线中的一个接收天线对应连接。
在一些实施例中，天线阵列包括发射天线阵列和接收天线阵列，其中，发射天线阵列包括M个发射天线以及接收天线阵列包括N个接收天线；其中，M个发射天线被平均分为两组间隔且对称设置的发射天线子阵列，每个发射天线子阵列中相邻的发射天线间的间距为λ/2，λ为中心频率对应的波长，M为偶数；N个接收天线组成一接收天线子阵列，所述接收天线子阵列中相邻的接收天线间的间距为Mλ/4；所述接收天线子阵列与发射天线子阵列平行设置。
示例的，图2为本公开实施例提供的一种天线阵列的结构示意图，如图2所示，天线阵列包括发射天线阵列和接收天线阵列，其中，M取值为8，N取值为4，发射天线阵列包括8个发射天线21以及接收天线阵列包括4个接收天线22。8个发射天线21被平均分为两个间隔且对称设置的发射天线子阵列300，每个发射天线子阵列300中相邻的发射天线21间的间距为λ/2，λ为中心频率对应的波长。4个接收天线组成一个接收天线子阵列400，接收天线子阵列400中相邻的接收天线22间的间距为2λ，接收天线子阵列400与发射天线子阵列300平行设置。可以理解的是，M和N的取值还可以根据情况具体选择，在此不做具体限定。
在本实施例中，通过上述方式设计发射天线阵列和接收天线阵列的布置 方式，当目标在天线远场区，因此可将发射天线阵列和接收天线阵列等效为间距为λ/4的均匀线阵(500)，故而简化了成像计算。此时对应等效相位中心间形成的虚拟阵列的长度为：D＝((MN-1)λ)/4。
在一些实施例中，信号处理机模块可包括可编程的主控芯片，以及与主控芯片相连接的数据存储器、模数转换器和直接数字式频率合成器。
在一些实施例中，接收开关阵列模块包括多个接收开关和与多个接收开关连接的多个低噪放大器，用于实现对接收通道的分时导通及对接收信号的低噪声放大功能。
第二方面，本公开实施例还提供一种基于MIMO雷达监测系统进行形变监测的方法，其包括：向被监测区域发射微波信号；接收被监测区域反射回来的回波信号；对所述回波信号进行采样；基于采样后的回波信号对被监测区域进行成像，得到关于被监测区域的图像；利用所述图像判断所述被监测区域是否发送形变。
在本实施例中，通过采用基于MIMO雷达监测系统进行形变监测，由于单功放模块13设置在频率综合器模块12和发射开关阵列模块14之间，且分别与频率综合器模块12和发射开关阵列模块14相连接，因此，当外部环境发生变化时，系统发射通道100间的以及接收通道200间的幅相关系不会发生变化，可实现稳定的系统校准，不会对后续成像及形变计算造成影响。同时，由于发射开关阵列模块不含有功率放大模块，因此，各发射通道100间的幅相特性高度一致且切换速度快。
在一些实施例中，对于MIMO成像系统，多通道之间的幅度相位不一致会直接影响成像效果。因此需要在向被监测区域发射微波信号的步骤之前进行多通道的幅度、相位一致性校准。基于上述基于MIMO雷达监测系统，由于已共用功放，多通道之间的幅相一致性主要受系统内部线缆及开关的影响，受外部温度的影响较小，因此可通过一次性外校准生成固定的通道校正因子，具体步骤如下：
(1)用矢网与标准天线测量系统各天线的相对幅度和相位；设用标定系统测得第m个发射天线的回波数据为data tm,m＝1,2,…,M，第n个接收天线的测试回波数据为data rn,n＝1,2,…,N；
(2)通过公式一计算得到各收发对的相对幅度和相对相位作为校正因子，公式一为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000013
(表示第mn个收发对的通道校正因子)。
在一些实施例中，基于采样后的回波信号对被监测区域进行成像具体包括：
建立如图3所示的坐标系，将包括发射天线21的发射天线阵列、包括接收天线22的接收天线阵列、以及包括等效相位中心23的等效线阵放入坐标系中，其中，等效相位中心23位于X轴上。
假定每个周期的每个发射天线21发射信号为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000014
其中，T p为调制周期，f 0为射频起始频
率
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000015
为系统调频斜率；
则第mn个收发对的回波经频率综合器模块下变频后得到的时域信号为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000016
其中，τ mn为第mn个收发对对应的目标回波延迟；
τ mn的通用表达式如下：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000017
其中，(x tm,y tm,z tm)为第m个发射天线的坐标，(x rn,y rn,z rn)为第n个接收天线的坐标，(x 0,y 0,z 0)为目标所在位置的坐标；
对各通道的时域回波信号进行加窗和通道幅相校正，记第mn个收发对的通道校正因子为err mn，加窗系数为win(t),则时域处理后的第mn个通道的回波为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000018
err mn(1≤m≤M,1≤n≤N)，
对第mn个回波信号
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000019
进行距离向FFT变化到频域，忽略幅度后有：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000020
方位反投，可通过以下公式获得成像结果：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000021
当采用权利要求1-6中任一项所述的监测系统时，τ mn的通用表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000022
特别的，当目标距离天线阵列的距离满足远场条件，即目标距离天线阵列的距离大于
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000023
时(D为等效相位中心23间的距离，λ为波长)，可将τ mn简化为
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000024
其中，x mn为位于X轴，以原点为中心，方位间隔为
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000025
的均匀线性阵列。
在本实施例中，通过上述的方式，当目标位于近场可通过细化模型避免高栅瓣问题，而当目标位于远场，可在保持成像质量的前提下简化系统模型，减小运算量。
在一些实施例中，基于采样后的回波信号对被监测区域进行成像之后，还包括差分干涉处理步骤，即在PS点选取、大气相位校正、形变提取步骤后，根据形变信息计算模型计算各像素点的形变信息。
可选地，形变信息计算模型为：
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000026
其中，λ为中心频率对应的波长，
Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-000027
为由时序成像结果提取的相位变化值，d即为目标在雷达视线方向的形变量。该部分与其它体制的形变监测雷达相似，不再进行详细描述。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种MIMO雷达监测系统，其特征在于，包括信号处理机模块、频率综合器模块、单功放模块、发射开关阵列模块、发射天线阵列、接收开关阵列模块和接收天线阵列；其中，
    所述信号处理机模块与所述频率综合器模块相连接，所述信号处理机模块被配置为实现对系统的时序控制、生成模拟信号提供给所述频率综合器模块、接收所述频率综合器模块回传的基带信号进行AD采样、进行信号预处理、数据存储与回传功能；
    所述频率综合器模块与所述信号处理机模块、所述单功放模块和所述接收开关阵列模块相连接，所述接收开关阵列模块还与所述接收天线阵列相连接；所述频率综合器模块被配置为提供参考时钟信号；接收所述信号处理机模块发送的所述模拟信号进行上变频，生成射频发射信号，并将所述射频发射信号发送给所述单功放模块；以及获取所述接收开关阵列模块回传的回波信号，完成正交下变频、产生基带信号，经功率放大后发送给所述信号处理机模块；
    所述单功放模块设置在所述频率综合器模块和所述发射开关阵列模块之间，且分别与所述频率综合器模块和所述发射开关阵列模块相连接，所述发射开关阵列模块还与所述发射天线阵列相连接；所述单功放模块被配置为接收所述频率综合器模块输出的射频发射信号进行功率放大，并传给所述发射开关阵列模块，以使所述发射开关阵列模块将单功放模块输出的射频发射信号输送至发射天线阵列，实现发射通道的分时导通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的MIMO雷达监测系统，其特征在于，所述发射开关阵列模块包括多个发射开关，所述发射天线阵列包括多个发射天线，其 中，多个发射开关中的一个发射开关与所述多个发射天线中的一个发射天线对应连接；
    所述接收开关阵列模块包括多个接收开关，所述接收天线阵列包括多个接收天线，多个接收开关中的一个接收开关与所述多个接收天线中的一个接收天线对应连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的MIMO雷达监测系统，其特征在于，所述发射天线阵列包括M个发射天线，所述接收天线阵列包括N个接收天线；其中，M个发射天线被平均分为两个间隔且对称设置的发射天线子阵列，每个发射天线子阵列中相邻的发射天线间的间距为λ/2，λ为中心频率对应的波长，M为偶数；N个接收天线组成一个接收天线子阵列，所述接收天线子阵列中相邻的接收天线间的间距为Mλ/4；所述接收天线子阵列与发射天线子阵列平行设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的MIMO雷达监测系统，其特征在于，所述射频发射信号为线性调频连续波信号。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的MIMO雷达监测系统，其特征在于，所述信号处理机模块包括可编程的主控芯片，以及与所述主控芯片相连接的数据存储器、模数转换器和直接数字式频率合成器。
  6. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的MIMO雷达监测系统，其特征在于，所述接收开关阵列模块包括多个接收开关和与多个接收开关连接的多个低噪放大器，用于实现对接收通道的分时导通及对接收信号的低噪声放大功能。
  7. 一种基于权利要求1-6中任一项所述的MIMO雷达监测系统进行监测的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    向被监测区域发射微波信号；
    接收被监测区域反射回来的回波信号；
    对所述回波信号进行采样；
    基于采样后的回波信号对被监测区域进行成像，得到关于被监测区域的图像；
    利用所述图像判断所述被监测区域是否发生形变。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的监测方法，其特征在于，所述向被监测区域发射微波信号之前，还包括：
    用矢网与标准天线测量系统各天线的相对幅度和相位，一次性获得通道校正因子；设用标定系统测得第m个发射天线的回波数据为data tm,m＝1,2,…,M，第n个接收天线的测试回波数据为data tn,n＝1,2,…,N；
    通过公式一计算得到各收发对的相对幅度和相对相位作为校正因子，公式一为：
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100001
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的监测方法，其特征在于，所述基于采样后的回波信号对被监测区域进行成像具体包括：
    假定每个周期的每个发射天线发射信号为：
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100002
    其中，T p为调制周期，f 0为射频起始频率
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100003
    为系统调频斜率；
    则第mn个收发对的回波经频率综合器模块下变频后得到的时域信号为：
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100004
    其中，τ mn为第mn个收发对对应的目标回波延迟；
    τ mn的通用表达式如下：
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100005
    其中，(x tm,y tm,z tm)为第m个发射天线的坐标，(x rn,y rn,z rn)为第n个接收天线的坐标，(x 0,y 0,z 0)为目标所在位置的坐标；
    对各通道的时域回波信号进行加窗和通道幅相校正，记第mn个收发对的通道校正因子为err mn，加窗系数为win(t),则时域处理后的第mn个通道的回波为：
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100006
    对第mn个回波信号
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100007
    进行距离向FFT变化到频域，忽略幅度后有：
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100008
    方位反投，可通过以下公式获得成像结果：
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100009
    当采用权利要求1-6中任一项所述的监测系统时，τ mn的通用表达式为：
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100010
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的监测方法，其特征在于，所述基于采样后的回波信号对被监测区域进行成像之后，还包括差分干涉处理步骤，即在PS点选取、大气相位校正、形变提取步骤后，根据形变信息计算模型计算各像素点的形变信息。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的监测方法，其特征在于，所述形变信息计算模型为：
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100011
    其中，λ为中心频率对应的波长，
    Figure PCTCN2022115405-appb-100012
    为由时序成像结果提取的相位变化 值，d即为目标在雷达视线方向的形变量。该部分与其它体制的形变监测雷达相似，不再进行详细描述。
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