WO2023245849A1 - 一种天线阵 - Google Patents

一种天线阵 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023245849A1
WO2023245849A1 PCT/CN2022/113680 CN2022113680W WO2023245849A1 WO 2023245849 A1 WO2023245849 A1 WO 2023245849A1 CN 2022113680 W CN2022113680 W CN 2022113680W WO 2023245849 A1 WO2023245849 A1 WO 2023245849A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network
antenna
unit
antenna array
power
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PCT/CN2022/113680
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
彭超
冯维星
王冠君
王鹏
陆超
卫俊
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上海海积信息科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023245849A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023245849A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and specifically relates to an antenna array.
  • Circularly polarized antennas have good anti-interference performance and are widely used in various industries.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array for realizing a high-gain horizontal circularly polarized antenna.
  • This embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array, including:
  • Each horizontal array element antenna contains multiple unit antennas.
  • the multiple unit antennas are placed in different directions to cooperate to achieve full signal coverage in the horizontal direction.
  • the antenna array further includes support frames fixed on the bottom plate.
  • the number of support frames corresponds to the number of unit antennas contained in a horizontal array element antenna.
  • Each support frame is used to support multiple unit antennas in the vertical direction.
  • Multiple unit antennas are used to form a horizontal array element antenna to achieve full signal coverage in the horizontal direction, thereby achieving circular polarization of the antenna.
  • Multiple horizontal array element antennas are used to form a horizontal array element antenna to achieve full signal coverage in the horizontal direction, thereby achieving circular polarization of the antenna.
  • high gain of the antenna array can be achieved while realizing a horizontal circularly polarized antenna.
  • the support frame is a hollow structure.
  • each unit antenna includes a first radiating unit and a second radiating unit, the first radiating unit is a microstrip antenna of the first frequency band, and the second radiating unit is a microstrip antenna of the second frequency band;
  • the first radiating unit is installed on the support frame corresponding to the unit antenna, and the second radiating unit is stacked and installed on the first radiating unit.
  • the first radiation unit includes a first microstrip substrate and a first radiation patch printed on the first microstrip substrate;
  • the second radiation unit includes a second microstrip substrate and a second radiation patch printed on the second microstrip substrate.
  • each support frame is also equipped with a first power division network and a second power division network; the multiple branch ports of the first power division network are respectively connected to the plurality of first radiating units on the support frame for pairing.
  • a plurality of first radiating units feed power;
  • the plurality of branch ports of the second power dividing network are connected to the plurality of second radiating units on the support frame, and are used to feed the plurality of second radiating units.
  • a feed circuit board is installed on the base plate, and the feed circuit board includes a first filter network, a second filter network, a third power dividing network and a fourth power dividing network;
  • Multiple branches of the third power division network are respectively connected to multiple junctions of the first power division network, and the junction of the third power division network is connected to the first filtering network;
  • the plurality of branching ports of the fourth power dividing network are respectively connected to the combining ports of the plurality of second power dividing networks, and the combining port of the fourth power dividing network is connected to the second filtering network.
  • the first filter network includes a first PCB board and a filter network in the first frequency band, used to suppress signals in the second frequency band;
  • the second filter network includes a second PCB board and a second frequency band filter network, and is used to suppress signals in the first frequency band.
  • the first power dividing network, the second power dividing network, the third power dividing network and the fourth power dividing network are T-type power dividing devices.
  • the antenna array also includes a radome, and the radome is made of fiberglass.
  • the radiating units of two frequency bands are stacked to form a unit antenna, and multiple unit antennas are arranged on the same horizontal plane through horizontal array element antennas, and each unit antenna covers a certain angle to achieve horizontal alignment.
  • the 360-degree signal coverage on the antenna achieves circular polarization of the antenna.
  • the high gain of the antenna array can be achieved while realizing a horizontal circularly polarized antenna.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front view of a unit antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a first power division network and a second power division network provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3B is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4A is a schematic structural diagram of a feed circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4B is a schematic structural diagram of an L filter network provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4C is a schematic structural diagram of an S filter network provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic top cross-sectional view of a 4x4 antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application, including:
  • Each horizontal array element antenna 102 includes a plurality of unit antennas 103.
  • the plurality of unit antennas 103 are placed at different orientations to cooperate to achieve in the horizontal direction. Full signal coverage.
  • each horizontal array element antenna 102 includes four unit antennas 103, that is, the antenna array is 4x4. Among them, each unit antenna 103 in the horizontal array element antenna 102 covers a certain angle on the horizontal plane, thereby achieving full 360-degree horizontal coverage by the four unit antennas 103, thereby realizing a horizontal circularly polarized antenna.
  • Four horizontal array element antennas 102 are stacked in the vertical direction to achieve high gain of the antenna array.
  • the base plate 101 is made of metal material, generally aluminum alloy material. Multiple screw holes are provided on the base plate 101 to facilitate multiple horizontal array elements. Antenna fixing.
  • the number of horizontal array element antennas in the antenna array can also be 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.
  • the number of unit antennas in each horizontal array element antenna can also be 3, 6, etc. 4, 5, 6 etc.
  • the antenna array may be combined in 3x4, 4x4, 5x4, 4x6, etc. That is to say, in this application, the number of horizontal array element antennas and the number of unit antennas in the antenna array are set according to the actual use needs of the antenna.
  • multiple unit antennas are used to form a horizontal array element antenna to achieve full signal coverage in the horizontal direction, thereby achieving circular polarization of the antenna.
  • multiple horizontal array element antennas are stacking multiple horizontal array element antennas in the vertical direction of the base plate, high gain of the antenna array can be achieved while realizing a horizontal circularly polarized antenna.
  • the antenna array also includes a radome, and the radome is made of fiberglass.
  • the material of the radome can also be high silica glass fiber, seed glass fiber, high silica, glass fiber, aramid fiber, etc.
  • the antenna array also includes support frames 104 fixed on the bottom plate.
  • the number of support frames 104 corresponds to the number of unit antennas 103 included in a horizontal array element antenna 102.
  • Each support frame 104 is used to support multiple antennas 104 in the vertical direction. unit antenna 103.
  • the antenna array supports the unit antenna 103 through the support frame 104 to ensure that multiple unit antennas 103 in one direction are superimposed in the vertical direction to achieve the effect of a high-gain antenna array.
  • the support frame 104 is made of metal material. Aluminum alloy materials are generally used.
  • an antenna array has a 4x4 structure, that is, there are 4 horizontal array element antennas in the antenna array, and there are 4 unit antennas in each horizontal array element antenna, so the number of support frames for the antenna array is also There are 4 support frames, and the 4 support frames are respectively distributed in the front, rear, left, and right directions of the antenna array. Each support frame is used to support 4 unit antennas located in the same direction.
  • the support frame 104 can be a hollow structure, which saves the cost of antenna materials and can also reduce the weight of the entire antenna array to achieve portability of the antenna array.
  • Figure 2 is a front view of a unit antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Each unit antenna 103 includes a first radiating unit 201 and a second radiating unit 202.
  • the first radiating unit 201 is a microstrip antenna of the first frequency band
  • the second radiating unit 202 is a microstrip antenna of the second frequency band;
  • the first radiating unit 201 is installed on the supporting frame 104 corresponding to the unit antenna, and the second radiating unit 202 is stacked and installed on the first radiating unit 201 .
  • the first radiation unit 201 includes a first microstrip substrate 203 and a first radiation patch 204 printed on the first microstrip substrate 203;
  • the second radiation unit 202 includes a second microstrip substrate 205 and a first radiation patch 204 printed on the second microstrip substrate.
  • the second radiation patch 206 on.
  • the unit antenna 103 also includes a screw hole 207, and the unit antenna is fixed on the support frame through screws.
  • the first radiating unit 201 in the unit antenna is an L radiating unit
  • the second radiating unit 202 is an S radiating unit
  • the L radiating unit is a microstrip antenna with a frequency range of 1 to 2 GHz
  • the S radiating unit is a microstrip antenna with a frequency range of 1 to 2 GHz.
  • the material of the microstrip substrate of the L radiating unit is: a ceramic substrate with a dielectric constant of 6.15, and the radiation patch of the L radiating unit is a copper-clad layer, which is printed on the microstrip substrate of the L radiating unit.
  • the material of the microstrip substrate of the S radiating unit is: a ceramic substrate with a dielectric constant of 6.15.
  • the radiation patch of the S radiating unit is a copper-clad layer, which is printed on the microstrip substrate of the S radiating unit.
  • the antenna array has a 4x4 structure, and the first radiating unit 201 of the unit antenna is an L radiating unit, and the second radiating unit 202 is an S radiating unit, then the antenna array has 16 unit antennas, and there are 16 unit antennas on the 16 unit antennas. L radiating unit, 16 S radiating units.
  • the first radiating unit can also be a microstrip with any one of the radio frequency bands: L-band, S-band, C-band, X-band, Ku-band, K-band, Ka-band, U-band, V-band, or W-band.
  • the antenna and second radiating unit are the same as above.
  • a unit antenna may also include two or more radiating units, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • Figure 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a first power division network and a second power division network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Each support frame 104 is also equipped with a first power division network 301 and a second power division network 302; the plurality of branch ports 303 of the first power division network 301 are respectively connected to the plurality of first radiating units 201 on the support frame 104, Used to feed a plurality of first radiating units 201; a plurality of branch ports 304 of the second power dividing network 302 are connected to a plurality of second radiating units 202 on the support frame 104, used to feed the plurality of second radiating units 202 for feeding.
  • the first power division network also includes a junction 305
  • the second power division network also includes a junction 306.
  • the first power division network 301 and the second power division network 302 send signals to the unit antenna 103 in the form of millimeter waves.
  • Millimeter waves are millimeter electromagnetic waves, which are electromagnetic wave signals with a wavelength between 1 and 10 millimeters.
  • the first power dividing network 301 and the second power dividing network 302 are fixed on a printed circuit board 307 (Printed Circuit Board, PCB for short) through screw holes 308.
  • the dielectric constant of the PCB is 2.2.
  • the first power dividing network 301 and the second power dividing network 302 may be T-type power splitters, H-type power splitters, etc.
  • the first power dividing network 301 and the second power dividing network 302 are both one-to-four power splitters, and each branch port 303 of the first power dividing network 301 is connected to a first radiating unit 201.
  • the needle is connected to the feed hole of the first radiating unit 201 to feed the first radiating unit 201 .
  • Each branch port 304 of the second power dividing network 302 is connected to a second radiating unit 202 and is connected through a probe to the feed hole of the second radiating unit 202 to feed the second radiating unit 202 .
  • FIG. 3A is only a schematic structural diagram of the first power dividing network 301 and the second power dividing network 302.
  • the first power dividing network 301 and the second power dividing network 302 are not limited to one-to-four power dividers. It can also be other types of power dividers, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the first radiating unit 201 is set as an L radiating unit
  • the second radiating unit 202 is set as an S radiating unit.
  • this antenna array there are 4 supporting frames 104 , 16 L radiating units and 16 S radiating units, four first power division networks 301 and four second power division networks 302.
  • Each support frame 104 is equipped with a first power dividing network 301 and a second power dividing network 302, 4 L radiating units and 4 S radiating units.
  • the first power division network 301 and the second power division network 302 are both one-fourth power division networks.
  • the four branch openings 303 of the first power dividing network 301 on the support frame 104 are respectively connected to the four L radiating units on the support frame 104 (one branch opening is connected to one L radiating unit), Used to feed 4 L radiating units.
  • the four branch ports 304 of the second power dividing network 302 on the support frame 104 are respectively connected to the four S radiating units on the support frame 104 (one branch port is connected to one S radiating unit), and are used to radiate the four S radiation units. Unit feed.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a feed circuit board in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the feed circuit board includes a first filter network 401, a second filter network 402, a third power dividing network 403 and a fourth power dividing network 404; the plurality of branch ports 413 of the third power dividing network 403 are respectively connected to the plurality of first power dividing networks.
  • the combining port 305 of the branching network 301 is connected, the combining port 423 of the third power dividing network 403 is connected to the first filtering network 401; the plurality of branching ports 414 of the fourth power dividing network 404 are respectively connected to the plurality of branching ports 414 of the second power dividing network 302.
  • the junction 306 is connected, and the junction 424 of the fourth power dividing network 404 is connected to the second filter network 402 .
  • the feed circuit is printed on the PCB board 409, and the feed circuit board is installed on the base plate 101 through the screw holes 410.
  • the first filter network 401 includes a first PCB board 405 and a first frequency band filter network 406 for suppressing signals in the second frequency band;
  • the second filter network 402 includes a second PCB board 407 and a second frequency band filter network 408 for suppressing signals in the second frequency band. To suppress the signal in the first frequency band.
  • the third power dividing network 403 and the fourth power dividing network 404 may be a T-type power splitter, an H-type power splitter, etc.
  • the feeding circuit board includes a PCB board with a dielectric constant of 2.2.
  • the first filter network 401 on the circuit board is an L filter network
  • the second filter network 402 is an S filter network
  • the third power divider network 403 is a one-to-four L power divider network
  • the fourth power divider network 404 is both a one-to-four S filter network.
  • Power division network, L filter network is nested in the L power division network
  • S filter network is nested in the S power division network
  • the feed circuit board also includes four screws for fixing the feed circuit board to the antenna array on the bottom plate.
  • the four branch ports of the L power network are respectively connected to the combined ports 305 of the four first power network 301 through coaxial lines (one branch port is connected to one first power network).
  • the combined port of the L power network The intersection is connected to the L filter network.
  • the L power dividing network combines the four L-band signals into one signal and outputs it to the L filter network.
  • the four branches of the S power network are respectively connected to the junctions 306 of the four second power networks 302 through coaxial lines (one branch is connected to a first power network), and the junction of the S network is connected to The S filter network is connected, and the S power dividing network combines four S-band signals into one signal and outputs it to the S filter network.
  • the L filter network is a microstrip low-pass filter printed on a PCB board, including a first PCB board 405 and a first L-band filter network 406, which together constitute The purpose of the L-band microstrip filter is to suppress S-band signals, in which the dielectric constant of the first PCB board 405 is 10.
  • the S filter network is shown in Figure 4C. It is a microstrip high-pass filter printed on the PCB board, including the PCB board 407 and the S-band filter network 408. The two together constitute the S-band microstrip filter, with the purpose of suppressing L frequency band signal, where the dielectric constant of the PCB board 407 is 10.
  • Figure 5 is a top cross-sectional view of a 4x4 antenna array, that is, the antenna array includes a base plate and four support frames fixed on the base, 4 horizontal array element antennas, 4 first power dividing networks and 4 third Two power-dividing networks and 1 feed circuit board.
  • the feed circuit board includes 1 L power-dividing network, 1 S power-dividing network, 1 L filter network and 1 S filter network.
  • Each horizontal array element antenna contains 4 unit antennas.
  • the four unit antennas are respectively installed on the support frames in four directions to achieve full coverage of the unit antennas on the same horizontal plane, thereby achieving horizontal Circularly polarized antenna, wherein each unit antenna includes an L radiating unit and an S radiating unit, the L radiating unit is installed on the support frame, and the S radiating unit is stacked and installed on the L radiating unit.
  • Four horizontal array element antennas are stacked vertically to achieve high gain of the antenna array.
  • Each support frame is also equipped with a first power divider network and a second power divider network, where both the first power divider network and the second power divider network are one-to-four power dividers. That is, a first power division network and a second power division network both have four branches and one combiner.
  • the branch port of each branch of the first power division network is connected through the probe and the feed hole of the L radiating unit. , feeding the L radiating unit, and the branch port of each branch of the second power dividing network is connected through the probe and the feeding hole of the S radiating unit to feed the S radiating unit.
  • Both the L power division network and the S power division network are one-to-four power dividers, that is, both the L power division network and the S power division network have four branches and one combiner.
  • the branch port of each branch of the L power dividing network is connected to the combining port of a first power dividing network through a coaxial line, and the combining port of the L power dividing network is connected to the input end of the L filter network;
  • S power The branch port of each branch of the branch network is connected to the combiner of a second power divider network through a coaxial line, and the combiner of the S power divider network is connected to the input end of the S filter network.
  • the antenna array can achieve antenna circular polarization; by stacking 4 unit antennas in the vertical direction of the base plate Horizontal array element antenna achieves high gain of the antenna array.
  • embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment that combines software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
  • computer-usable storage media including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that causes a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction means, the instructions
  • the device implements the functions specified in a process or processes of the flowchart and/or a block or blocks of the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operating steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing, thereby executing on the computer or other programmable device.
  • Instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in a process or processes of a flowchart diagram and/or a block or blocks of a block diagram.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种天线阵，应用在无线通信技术领域，包括：底板以及在底板的垂直方向上排列的多个水平阵列元天线，每个水平阵列元天线包含多个单元天线，多个单元天线放置在不同方位协作实现在水平方向上的信号全覆盖。通过多个单元天线组成水平阵列元天线，实现水平方向上的信号全覆盖，进而实现了天线圆极化。其次，通过在底板垂直方向堆叠多个水平阵列元天线，在实现水平圆极化天线情况下，实现天线阵的高增益。

Description

一种天线阵
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年06月22日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210711950.X、申请名称为“一种天线阵”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于无线通信技术领域，具体涉及了一种天线阵。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，对于天线的要求也越来越高。圆极化天线具有很好的抗干扰性能，因此被广泛的应用于各行各业。
为实现水平圆极化天线，现有技术多采用低仰角螺旋天线或者十字交叉阵子天线等。上述方案虽然可以实现水平圆极化天线，但是获得的水平圆极化天线在水平方向的增益通常较低，难以实现高增益。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种天线阵，用于实现高增益的水平圆极化天线。
本申请实施例提供了一种天线阵，包括：
底板以及在底板的垂直方向上排列的多个水平阵列元天线，每个水平阵列元天线包含多个单元天线，多个单元天线放置在不同方位协作实现在水平方向上的信号全覆盖。
可选地，天线阵还包括固定在底板上的支撑架，支撑架的数量与一个水平阵列元天线包含的单元天线的数量对应，每个支撑架用于支撑垂直方向上的多个单元天线。
通过多个单元天线组成水平阵列元天线，实现水平方向上的信号全覆盖，进而实现了天线圆极化。其次，通过在底板垂直方向堆叠多个水平阵列元天线，故在实现水平圆极化天线情况下，实现天线阵的高增益。
可选地，支撑架为空心结构。
可选地，每个单元天线包括第一辐射单元和第二辐射单元，第一辐射单元为第一频段的微带天线，第二辐射单元为第二频段的微带天线；
第一辐射单元安装于单元天线对应的支撑架上，第二辐射单元叠层安装于第一辐射单元上。
可选地，第一辐射单元包括第一微带基板和印刷在第一微带基板上的第一辐射贴片；
第二辐射单元包括第二微带基板和印刷在第二微带基板上的第二辐射贴片。
可选地，每个支撑架还安装有第一功分网络和第二功分网络；第一功分网络的多个分路口分别与支撑架上的多个第一辐射单元连接，用于对多个第一辐射单元进行馈电；
第二功分网络的多个分路口与支撑架上的多个第二辐射单元连接，用于对多个第二辐射单元进行馈电。
可选地，底板上安装有馈电电路板，馈电电路板包括第一滤波网络、第二滤波网络、第三功分网络和第四功分网络；
第三功分网络的多个分路口分别与多个第一功分网络的合路口连接，第三功分网络的合路口与第一滤波网络连接；
第四功分网络的多个分路口分别与多个第二功分网络的合路口连接，第四功分网络的合路口与第二滤波网络连接。
可选地，第一滤波网络包括第一PCB板和第一频段的滤波网络，用于抑制第二频段的信号；
第二滤波网络包括第二PCB板和第二频段的滤波网络，用于抑制第一频段的信号。
可选地，第一功分网络、第二功分网络、第三功分网络和第四功分网络为T型功分器。
可选地，天线阵还包括天线罩，天线罩为玻璃钢材料。
本申请实施例中，通过两个频段的辐射单元堆叠，形成单元天线，又通过水平阵列元天线在同一水平面上设置多个单元天线，且每个单元天线都覆盖一定的角度，实现在水平方向上的360度信号全覆盖，进而实现了天线圆极化。其次，通过在底板垂直方向堆叠多个水平阵列元天线，在实现水平圆极化天线情况下，实现天线阵的高增益。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简要介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种天线阵的主视图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种单元天线的主视图；
图3A为本发明实施例提供的一种第一功分网络和第二功分网络的结构示意图；
图3B为本发明实施例提供的一种天线阵的结构示意图；
图4A为本发明实施例提供的一种馈电电路板的结构示意图；
图4B为本发明实施例提供的一种L滤波网络的结构示意图；
图4C为本发明实施例提供的一种S滤波网络的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种4x4天线阵的俯视剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
参见图1，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种天线阵的主视图，包括:
底板101以及在底板101的垂直方向上排列的多个水平阵列元天线102，每个水平阵列元天线102包含多个单元天线103，多个单元天线103放置在不同方位协作实现在水平方向 上的信号全覆盖。
在图1所示的天线阵中，在底板101的垂直方向上排列了四个水平阵列元天线102，每个水平阵列元天线102包含四个单元天线103，即该天线阵为4x4。其中，水平阵列元天线102中的每个单元天线103在水平面上均覆盖一定的角度，从而实现4个单元天线103在水平360度的全部覆盖，进而实现水平圆极化天线。4个水平阵列元天线102在垂直方向上堆叠，实现了天线阵的高增益，其中，底板101为金属材料，一般使用铝合金材料，底板101上设置多个螺丝钉孔，便于多个水平阵列元天线的固定。
需要说明的是，天线阵中的水平阵列元天线的数量也可以为3个、4个、5个、6个等，其中每个水平阵列元天线中的单元天线的数量也可以为3个、4个、5个、6个等。相应地，天线阵可能以3x4、4x4、5x4、4x6等方式组合，也就是说，本申请中，天线阵中的水平阵列元天线的个数和单元天线个数根据天线实际使用需要设置。
本申请实施中，通过多个单元天线组成水平阵列元天线，实现水平方向上的信号全覆盖，进而实现了天线圆极化。其次，通过在底板垂直方向堆叠多个水平阵列元天线，故在实现水平圆极化天线情况下，实现天线阵的高增益。
可选的，天线阵还包括天线罩，天线罩为玻璃钢材料。
另外，天线罩的材质还可以为高硅氧玻璃纤维、种玻璃纤维、高硅氧、玻璃纤维以及芳纶纤维等。通过在天线阵的外部设置天线罩，提高了天线阵工作的可靠性，防止其他因素对天线阵工作造成影响，玻璃钢的高透波率减小了天线罩对天线阵接收和反射电磁波信号的影响。
参见图1，天线阵还包括固定在底板上的支撑架104，支撑架104的数量与一个水平阵列元天线102包含的单元天线103的数量对应，每个支撑架104用于支撑直方向上的多个单元天线103。
具体地，天线阵通过支撑架104对单元天线103进行支撑，保证一个方位上的多个单元天线103在垂直方向上的叠加，达到高增益天线阵的效果，其中，支撑架104为金属材料，一般使用铝合金材料。
举例来说，一个天线阵为4x4结构，即该天线阵中的水平阵列元天线为4个，其中，每个水平阵列元天线中的单元天线为4个，则该天线阵支撑架的数量也为4个，4个支撑架分别分布于该天线阵的前后左右四个方位，每个支撑架用于支撑位于相同方位的4个单元天线。
在一些实施例中，支撑架104可以为空心结构，这样节省了天线材料的成本，还可以减轻整个天线阵的重量，以实现天线阵的轻便性。
参见图2，图2为本申请实施例提供的一种单元天线的主视图。
每个单元天线103包括第一辐射单元201和第二辐射单元202，第一辐射单元201为第一频段的微带天线，第二辐射单元202为第二频段的微带天线；
第一辐射单元201安装于所在的单元天线对应的支撑架104上，第二辐射单元202叠层安装于第一辐射单元201上。
第一辐射单元201包括第一微带基板203和印刷在第一微带基板203上的第一辐射贴片204；第二辐射单元202包括第二微带基板205和印刷在第二微带基板上的第二辐射贴片206。
其中，单元天线103还包括螺钉孔207，单元天线通过螺钉固定在支撑架上。
在一些实施例中，单元天线中的第一辐射单元201为L辐射单元，第二辐射单元202为S 辐射单元，L辐射单元为频段在1到2GHz的微带天线，S辐射单元为频段在2到4GHz的微带天线；L辐射单元安装在支撑架上，S辐射单元叠层安装于L辐射单元上。其中，L辐射单元的微带基板的材料为：介电常数为6.15的陶瓷基片，L辐射单元的辐射贴片为覆铜层，其印制在L辐射单元的微带基板上。
S辐射单元的微带基板的材料为：介电常数为6.15的陶瓷基片，S辐射单元的辐射贴片为覆铜层，其印制在S辐射单元的微带基板上。同时，L辐射单元和S辐射单元上均有一个馈电孔，用于支持L辐射单元和S辐射单元的正常工作。
若该天线阵是为4x4结构，且单元天线的第一辐射单元201为L辐射单元，第二辐射单元202为S辐射单元，则天线阵有16个单元天线，16个单元天线上有16个L辐射单元，16个S辐射单元。
需要说明的是，第一辐射单元也可以为无线电波段为L波段、S波段、C波段、X波段、Ku波段、K波段、Ka波段、U波段、V波段、W波段任意一个波段的微带天线，第二辐射单元同上。另外，一个单元天线也可以包括两个以上的辐射单元，对此，本申请不做具体限定。
参见图3A，图3A为本申请实施例提供的一种第一功分网络和第二功分网络的结构示意图。
每个支撑架104还安装有第一功分网络301和第二功分网络302；第一功分网络301的多个分路口303分别与支撑架104上的多个第一辐射单元201连接，用于对多个第一辐射单元201进行馈电；第二功分网络302的多个分路口304与支撑架104上的多个第二辐射单元202连接，用于对多个第二辐射单元202进行馈电。另外，第一功分网络还包括合路口305，第二功分网络还包括合路口306。
第一功分网络301和第二功分网络302以毫米波的形式向单元天线103发送信号，毫米波即毫米电磁波，为波长在1～10毫米之间的电磁波信号。第一功分网络301和第二功分网络302通过螺孔308固定于印制电路板307(Printed Circuit Board，简称PCB)上，该PCB的介电常数为2.2。在一些实施例中，第一功分网络301和第二功分网络302可以是T型功分器、H型功分器等。
在图3A中，第一功分网络301和第二功分网络302都为一分四功分器，且第一功分网络301的每个分路口303连接一个第一辐射单元201，通过探针和第一辐射单元201的馈电孔进行连接，为第一辐射单元201馈电。第二功分网络302的每个分路口304连接一个第二辐射单元202，通过探针和第二辐射单元202的馈电孔进行连接，为第二辐射单元202馈电。
需要说明的是，图3A仅为第一功分网络301和第二功分网络302的一种结构示意图，第一功分网络301和第二功分网络302不仅限于一分四功分器，还可以是其他类型的功分器，对此，本申请不做具体限定。
举例来说，参见图3B，设定第一辐射单元201为L辐射单元，第二辐射单元202为S辐射单元，在该天线阵中，共有4个支撑架104、16个L辐射单元和16个S辐射单元、4个第一功分网络301和4个第二功分网络302。每个支撑架104上安装有一个第一功分网络301和一个第二功分网络302、4个L辐射单元和4个S辐射单元。第一功分网络301和第二功分网络302都为一分四功分网络。
针对每个支撑架104，该支撑架104上的第一功分网络301的4个分路口303，分别与支撑架104上的4个L辐射单元连接(一个分路口连接一个L辐射单元)，用于对4个L辐射单元 馈电。
该支撑架104上的第二功分网络302的4个分路口304，分别与支撑架104上的4个S辐射单元连接(一个分路口连接一个S辐射单元)，用于对4个S辐射单元馈电。
参见图4A，图4A为本申请实施例中一个馈电电路板的示意图。
馈电电路板包括第一滤波网络401、第二滤波网络402、第三功分网络403和第四功分网络404；第三功分网络403的多个分路口413分别与多个第一功分网络301的合路口305连接，第三功分网络403的合路口423与第一滤波网络401连接；第四功分网络404的多个分路口414分别与多个第二功分网络302的合路口306连接，第四功分网络404的合路口424与第二滤波网络402连接。
具体地，馈电电路印制在PCB板409上，馈电电路板通过螺孔410安装在底板101上。
第一滤波网络401包括第一PCB板405和第一频段的滤波网络406，用于抑制第二频段的信号；第二滤波网络402包括第二PCB板407和第二频段的滤波网络408，用于抑制第一频段的信号。
在一些实施例中，第三功分网络403和第四功分网络404可以是T型功分器、H型功分器等，馈电电路板包括介电常数为2.2的PCB板，馈电电路板上第一滤波网络401为L滤波网络、第二滤波网络402为S滤波网络，第三功分网络403为一分四L功分网络，第四功分网络404都为一分四S功分网络，L滤波网络嵌套在L功分网络中，S滤波网络嵌套在S功分网络中，馈电电路板上还包括四个螺钉，用于将馈电电路板固定在天线阵的底板上。
其中，L功分网络的四个分路口分别通过同轴线和4个第一功分网络301的合路口305连接(一个分路口与一个第一功分网络连接)，L功分网络的合路口与L滤波网络连接，L功分网络将四路L频段信号合为一路,输出给L滤波网络。S功分网络的四个分路口分别通过同轴线和4个第二功分网络302的合路口306连接(一个分路口与一个第一功分网络连接)，S功分网络的合路口与S滤波网络连接，S功分网络将四路S频段信号合为一路，输出给S滤波网络。
在一些实施例中，L滤波网络如图4B所示，为印制在PCB板上的微带低通滤波器，包括第一PCB板405和L频段的第一滤波网络406，二者共同构成L频段微带滤波器，目的是抑制S频段信号，其中，第一PCB板405的介电常数为10。
S滤波网络如图4C所示，为印制在PCB板上的微带高通滤波器，包括PCB板407和S频段的滤波网络408，二者共同构成S频段微带滤波器，目的是抑制L频段信号，其中，PCB板407的介电常数为10。
为了更好地描述本申请实施例中的天线阵，下面通过4x4天线阵为例进行说明：
参见图5，图5为4x4天线阵的俯视剖面图，即该天线阵包括底板和四个固定在底座上的支撑架、4个水平阵列元天线、4个第一功分网络和4个第二功分网络、1个馈电电路板，其中馈电电路板上包括1个L功分网络、1个S功分网络、1个L滤波网络和1个S滤波网络。
四个支撑架放置在四个方位，每个水平阵列元天线包含4个单元天线，4个单元天线分别安装在四个方位的支撑架上，实现单元天线在同一水平面上全覆盖，进而实现水平圆极化天线，其中，每个单元天线包括L辐射单元和S辐射单元，L辐射单元安装在支撑架上，S辐射单元叠层安装于L辐射单元上。4个水平阵列元天线在垂直方向上堆叠放置，实现天线阵的高增益。
每个支撑架上还安装有一个第一功分网络和一个第二功分网络，其中，第一功分网络 和第二功分网络都为一分四功分器。即一个第一功分网络和一个第二功分网络都有四个分路和一个合路，第一功分网络的每个分路的分路口通过探针和L辐射单元的馈电孔连接，为L辐射单元馈电，第二功分网络的每个分路的分路口通过探针和S辐射单元的馈电孔连接，为S辐射单元馈电。
L功分网络和S功分网络都为一分四功分器，即L功分网络和S功分网络都有四个分路和一个合路。L功分网络的每个分路的分路口通过同轴线与一个第一功分网络合路的合路口连接，L功分网络合路的合路口与L滤波网络的输入端连接；S功分网络每个分路的分路口通过同轴线与一个第二功分网络合路的合路口连接，S功分网络合路的合路口与S滤波网络的输入端连接。
通过水平阵列元天线在同一水平面上设置4个单元天线，且每个单元天线都覆盖一定的角度，实现360度全覆盖，可以使天线阵实现天线圆极化；通过在底板垂直方向堆叠4个水平阵列元天线，实现天线阵的高增益。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天线阵，其特征在于，包括：
    底板以及在所述底板的垂直方向上排列的多个水平阵列元天线，每个水平阵列元天线包含多个单元天线，所述多个单元天线放置在不同方位协作实现在水平方向上的信号全覆盖。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的天线阵，其特征在于，所述天线阵还包括固定在底板上的支撑架，所述支撑架的数量与一个水平阵列元天线包含的单元天线的数量对应，每个支撑架用于支撑所述垂直方向上的多个单元天线。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的天线阵，其特征在于，所述支撑架为空心结构。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的天线阵，其特征在于，每个单元天线包括第一辐射单元和第二辐射单元，所述第一辐射单元为第一频段的微带天线，所述第二辐射单元为第二频段的微带天线；
    所述第一辐射单元安装于所述单元天线对应的支撑架上，所述第二辐射单元叠层安装于所述第一辐射单元上。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的天线阵，其特征在于，所述第一辐射单元包括第一微带基板和印刷在所述第一微带基板上的第一辐射贴片；
    所述第二辐射单元包括第二微带基板和印刷在所述第二微带基板上的第二辐射贴片。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的天线阵，其特征在于，每个支撑架还安装有第一功分网络和第二功分网络；所述第一功分网络的多个分路口分别与所述支撑架上的多个第一辐射单元连接，用于对所述多个第一辐射单元进行馈电；
    所述第二功分网络的多个分路口与所述支撑架上的多个第二辐射单元连接，用于对所述多个第二辐射单元进行馈电。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的天线阵，其特征在于，所述底板上安装有馈电电路板，所述馈电电路板包括第一滤波网络、第二滤波网络、第三功分网络和第四功分网络；
    所述第三功分网络的多个分路口分别与多个第一功分网络的合路口连接，所述第三功分网络的合路口与所述第一滤波网络连接；
    所述第四功分网络的多个分路口分别与多个第二功分网络的合路口连接，所述第四功分网络的合路口与所述第二滤波网络连接。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的天线阵，其特征在于，所述第一滤波网络包括第一PCB板和所述第一频段的滤波网络，用于抑制所述第二频段的信号；
    所述第二滤波网络包括第二PCB板和所述第二频段的滤波网络，用于抑制所述第一频段的信号。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的天线阵，其特征在于，所述第一功分网络、第二功分网络、所述第三功分网络和第四功分网络为T型功分器。
  10. 如权利要求1至9任一所述的天线阵，其特征在于，所述天线阵还包括天线罩，所述天线罩为玻璃钢材料。
PCT/CN2022/113680 2022-06-22 2022-08-19 一种天线阵 WO2023245849A1 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006024516A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-09 Fractus, S.A. Slim multi-band antenna array for cellular base stations
WO2017031980A1 (zh) * 2015-08-21 2017-03-02 华为技术有限公司 一种微波毫米波双频天线
CN106980109A (zh) * 2017-05-03 2017-07-25 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 一种多子阵低空雷达
CN107181067A (zh) * 2016-03-10 2017-09-19 香港城市大学深圳研究院 全向天线阵列
CN209329169U (zh) * 2019-02-27 2019-08-30 山东雷诚电子科技有限公司 一种s波段开关切换环形天线阵
CN112152656A (zh) * 2020-08-21 2020-12-29 浙江卓盛科技有限公司 一种智能天线系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006024516A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-09 Fractus, S.A. Slim multi-band antenna array for cellular base stations
WO2017031980A1 (zh) * 2015-08-21 2017-03-02 华为技术有限公司 一种微波毫米波双频天线
CN107181067A (zh) * 2016-03-10 2017-09-19 香港城市大学深圳研究院 全向天线阵列
CN106980109A (zh) * 2017-05-03 2017-07-25 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 一种多子阵低空雷达
CN209329169U (zh) * 2019-02-27 2019-08-30 山东雷诚电子科技有限公司 一种s波段开关切换环形天线阵
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