WO2019062445A1 - 多极化辐射振子及天线 - Google Patents

多极化辐射振子及天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019062445A1
WO2019062445A1 PCT/CN2018/103006 CN2018103006W WO2019062445A1 WO 2019062445 A1 WO2019062445 A1 WO 2019062445A1 CN 2018103006 W CN2018103006 W CN 2018103006W WO 2019062445 A1 WO2019062445 A1 WO 2019062445A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polarized
polarization
group
feeding
radiation
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PCT/CN2018/103006
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王灿
王强
陈强
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京信通信系统（中国）有限公司
京信通信技术(广州)有限公司
京信通信系统（广州）有限公司
天津京信通信系统有限公司
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Publication of WO2019062445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019062445A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a multi-polarized radiating oscillator and an antenna.
  • base station antennas are required to support multiple communication systems.
  • multi-frequency antennas capable of supporting multi-system communication are gradually becoming operational.
  • the antennas mainly used in mobile communication networks are ⁇ 45° polarization combination, horizontal polarization and vertical polarization combination. Double-polarized or multi-polarized antennas can be used to improve channel capacity and prevent signals by using polarization diversity reception technology. Decline.
  • a multi-polarized radiating element includes a radiating element, a first set of polarization feeding units and a second set of polarization feeding units;
  • the radiating unit includes a first set of polarized radiating elements and a second set of polarized radiating elements connected to each other, each set of polarized radiating elements including two polarization directions orthogonal to each other, a first set of polarized radiating elements and a first The direction of the polarization electric field vector of two adjacent polarizations of the two sets of polarized radiation units is at an angle of 45 degrees; the first set of polarized radiating elements is an electric dipole unit, and the second set of polarized radiating elements is Magnetic dipole unit
  • the first set of polarization feeding units feeds the first set of polarized radiating elements
  • the second set of polarized feeding units feeds the second set of polarized radiating elements.
  • An antenna comprising the multi-polarized radiating element as described above and a reflecting plate for fixing the multi-polarized radiating element.
  • the radiation unit includes a first group of polarized radiation units and a second group of polarized radiation units connected to each other, each set of polarized radiation units including two polarization directions orthogonal to each other,
  • the first set of polarized radiating elements and the second set of polarized radiating elements have a polarization electric field vector direction of 45 degrees at an angle of 45 degrees; and the first set of polarized radiating elements is an electric dipole unit, and the second
  • the group of polarized radiating elements is a magnetic dipole unit, so that the multi-polarized radiating element has high performance, and does not require multiple combinations of vibrators to achieve four linear polarizations, such as using two dual-polarized oscillator combinations.
  • Four lines are polarized, so the use of the multi-polarized radiating element makes the antenna structure more compact and reduces the size of the antenna. At the same time, it can also achieve the beneficial effects of reducing costs and simple implementation methods.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional multi-polarized radiation antenna
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a multi-polarized radiation vibrator in an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed structural diagram of the multi-polarized radiation vibrator of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing electric field polarization of a multi-polarized radiation oscillator according to an embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a detailed structural diagram of a multi-polarized radiating element in an embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of a radiating element of a multi-polarized radiating element in an embodiment
  • Figure 7 is an exploded structural view of a multi-polarized radiating element in one embodiment
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of the radiation unit of Figure 6;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a second group of polarization feeding units of a multi-polarized radiating element according to an embodiment
  • Figure 10 is a top plan view of the second set of polarization feed units of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a H-plane pattern of a first set of polarized radiation of a four-polarized radiating element vibrator in a specific example
  • Figure 12 is a H-plane pattern of a second set of polarized radiation of a four-polarized radiating element vibrator in a specific example.
  • a multi-polarized radiating element includes a radiating element A, a first set of polarization feeding units 100, and a second set of polarization feeding units 200.
  • the radiating element A comprises a first set of polarized radiating elements 300 and a second set of polarized radiating elements 400 connected to each other, each set of polarized radiating elements comprising two polarization directions orthogonal to each other, the first set of polarized radiating elements 300 And the second group of polarized radiation units 400 are adjacent to the two polarized polarization electric field vectors at an angle of 45 degrees; and the first set of polarized radiating elements 300 are electric dipole units, and the second set of polarized radiating elements 400 is a magnetic dipole unit.
  • the first set of polarization feeding units 100 feeds the first set of polarized radiating elements 300
  • the second set of polarized feeding units 200 feeds the second set of polarized radiating elements 400.
  • the radiation unit A includes a first group of polarized radiation units 300 and a second group of polarized radiation units 400 connected to each other, each set of polarized radiation units including two orthogonal to each other.
  • the first set of polarized radiating elements 300 and the second set of polarized radiating elements 400 have an angle of 45 degrees adjacent to the two polarized electric field directions; and the first set of polarized radiating elements 300 is electrically
  • the dipole unit, the second group of polarized radiating elements 400 is a magnetic dipole unit, so that the multi-polarized radiating element has high performance, and does not need to use multiple vibrator combinations to achieve four linear polarizations, such as The combination of two dual-polarized oscillators achieves four linear polarizations. Therefore, with the multi-polarized radiating oscillator, the antenna structure can be made more compact and the size of the antenna can be reduced. At the same time, it can also achieve the beneficial effects of reducing costs and simple implementation methods.
  • the first group of polarization feeding units 100 includes a first polarization feeding unit 110 and a second polarization feeding unit 160 that are orthogonal to each other; and a second group of polarization feeding units.
  • the unit 200 includes a third polarization feed unit 210 and a fourth polarization feed unit 260 that are orthogonal to each other.
  • the first set of polarized radiating elements 300 includes a first polarized radiating element arm 310 and a second polarized radiating element arm 360 that are orthogonal to each other; the second set of polarized radiating elements 400 includes a connected and orthogonal portion at a midpoint.
  • the four polarizations share one radiation unit A, and the high performance is achieved, because four linear polarizations are not required to be realized by using multiple combinations of transducers, for example, four linear polarizations are realized by combining two dual polarization oscillators. Therefore, by using the multi-polarized radiation vibrator, the antenna structure can be made more compact, and the size of the antenna can be reduced. At the same time, it can also achieve the beneficial effects of reducing costs and simple implementation methods.
  • the radiating element A is an integrated structure.
  • the radiating element A can be formed by die casting, or can be a sheet metal or PCB (Printed Circuit Board) structure.
  • the first set of polarizations can be horizontal and vertical linear polarization; the second set of polarizations can be ⁇ 45° polarization polarization.
  • the phase centers of the four polarizations are the same, and the horizontal and vertical linear polarizations are at an angle of 45° to the direction of the ⁇ 45° polarization linearized electric field vector.
  • the four polarizations share a single radiating element A, but are fed separately.
  • the four polarizations are divided into two groups, in which the horizontal and vertical lines are polarized into one group, and the ⁇ 45° polarization polarization is another group polarization.
  • the two polarizations in each set of polarizations are orthogonal to each other, and the two polarized feed cells in each set of polarizations are also orthogonal, and the feed cells in each polarization direction are fed separately.
  • the first set of polarized radiating elements 300 and the second set of polarized radiating elements 400 are arranged at 45°, so that the space of four azimuths of different polarizations is utilized, the antenna structure is more compact, and the radiating element A is further reduced.
  • first group of polarized working bands and the second group of polarized working bands may be the same or different.
  • first set of polarized operating bands is different from the second set of polarized operating bands.
  • the first polarized radiant vibrator arm 310 includes a first oscillating arm 311 and a second oscillating arm 312; the second polarized radiant arm 360 includes The third vibrator arm 361 and the fourth vibrator arm 362 are symmetrically disposed in a mirror image.
  • the third polarized radiation cavity 410 includes a first radiation cavity 411 and a second radiation cavity 412 which are symmetrically disposed in a mirror image.
  • the fourth polarization radiation cavity 460 includes a third radiation cavity 461 and a fourth radiation cavity 462 which are symmetrically disposed in a mirror image.
  • Each of the radiation chambers includes a bottom plate 441 and two side walls 443 connected to the bottom plate 441.
  • the two side walls 443 are mutually Parallel; the bottom plate 441 of each radiating cavity forms a bottom plate of the second group of polarized radiating elements 400 on the same plane; a sidewall 443 is connected between each adjacent two radiating cavities to form four right-angled sidewall groups 445
  • Each of the vibrator arms (the first vibrator arm 311, the second vibrator arm 312, the third vibrator arm 361, and the fourth vibrator arm 362) is disposed at a right angle side wall group 445 away from the bottom plate of the second group of polarized radiation units 400, respectively. One end.
  • each polarization is provided with sufficient radiation net space, and each polarization does not interfere with each other, and does not affect its open radiation field. It should also be noted that the vibrator arms are separated and not connected to each other, so that there is sufficient space at the upper end of the radiation cavity to reduce mutual interference of different polarization currents.
  • the first set of polarizations is an electric dipole and the second set of polarizations is a magnetic dipole.
  • the intersection of 45° is used, and the four polarizations share one vibrator, which reduces the three-dimensional size of the radiation unit, and provides sufficient radiation net space for each polarization, and each polarization Do not interfere with each other, and do not affect its open radiation field.
  • the four-polarization can be realized by a single vibrator, the size of the antenna is reduced, and the miniaturization design requirement is realized.
  • each of the radiant cavities is a balun radiant cavity.
  • the bottom of each radiation cavity is provided with a balun gap 442, which can be used as the first polarization group feeding unit 100 to adjust the impedance matching, or as the radiation coupling cavity of the second group of polarized radiation units 400, the second group of poles
  • the feeding unit 200 performs coupling feeding on the balun slot 442, so that there is no occlusion of the vibrator arm above and below the four polarized vibrator arms, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern and making different systems There is a high degree of isolation between them.
  • the width of each of the radiant cavities may be greater than the width of each of the vibrator arms.
  • the first group of polarized radiation units 300 further includes a feed circular tube 500 disposed at a corner of the right angle side wall group 445; two polarization feeds of the first group of polarized radiation units 300 Both ends of the unit (the first polarization feeding unit 110 and the second polarization feeding unit 160) are respectively fixed inside a feeding circular tube 500.
  • a feeding environment of the first group of polarization feeding units 100 is formed in the feeding circular tube 500, and the first polarization feeding unit 110 and the second polarization feeding unit 160 of the first group of polarization radiating units 300 are formed. Feeding.
  • the feeding circular tube 500 is a balun feeding round tube. Both ends of the two polarization feeding units of the first group of polarized radiating elements 300 may be respectively fixed inside a feeding circular tube 500 by a clip 180 (see Fig. 7).
  • the clip 180 is made of an insulating material.
  • the clip 180 can be a plastic clip to avoid affecting the feeding result and further improve the feeding accuracy.
  • the first group of polarization feeding units 100 may be a die-cast structure, or a microstrip line structure, and is fixed inside the feeding circular tube 500 by a plastic clip.
  • the feeding circular tube 500 includes a first feeding circular tube 501 and a second feeding circular tube 502; the length of the first feeding circular tube 501 is larger than the sidewall of the radiation chamber. The height of the second feed tube 502 is less than the height of the side wall 443 of the radiation chamber.
  • One ends of the polarization feeding units (the first polarization feeding unit 110 and the second polarization feeding unit 160) of the first group of polarization feeding units 100 are fixed in the second feeding tube 502, and the other end is Fixed in the first feeding circular tube 501 and forming a feeding point at the bottom end of the first feeding circular tube 501; the bottom end of the first feeding circular tube 501 is away from the extending end of the first feeding circular tube 501 At one end, the polarization feeding units (the first polarization feeding unit 110 and the second polarization feeding unit 160) that extend into the first group of polarization feeding units 100 extend into the first feeding tube 501. One end.
  • the first group of polarization feeding units 100 can be welded to the RF cable through the feeding point to feed, and the RF signal is connected to the radiation unit A through the RF cable input. Further, the RF cable outer conductor is soldered to the bottom end (pin) of the first feed tube 501, and the RF cable core is soldered to the first set of polarization feed units 100.
  • the bottom plate 441 of each of the radiation chambers is provided with a feed gap 442 (see FIG. 6).
  • a feed environment of the second set of polarization feed units 200 is formed to feed the second set of polarized radiation units 400.
  • the feed slot 442 is a balun feed slot.
  • the width of the feeding slit 442 is 0.015 to 0.05 times the wavelength of the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second group of polarization feeding units 200, and the length of the feeding slit 442 is the second.
  • the polarization feed unit 200 is 1/4 to 1/2 times the wavelength of the center frequency of the operating frequency band.
  • the third polarization feeding unit 210 and the fourth polarization feeding unit 260 of the second group of polarization feeding units 200 are a die-cast structure, a microstrip line structure or a strip line structure.
  • the first set of polarization feeding units 100 may be a die cast structure or a microstrip line structure.
  • the first polarization feeding unit 110 and the second polarization feeding unit 160 of the first group of polarization feeding units 100 are die-cast structures, and are fixed in the balun tube 500 by a plastic clip.
  • the first polarization feeding unit 110 and the second polarization feeding unit 160 feed the first group of polarized radiating elements 300 through the die casting coupling line. This can reduce the solder joints and improve the passive intermodulation of the antenna.
  • the third polarization feeding unit 210 and the fourth polarization feeding unit 260 are microstrip line structures and are printed on the dielectric plate 600 . In this way, the space of the radiation cavity is fully utilized.
  • a dielectric hole 604 adjacent to the second group of polarization feeding units 200 is disposed on the dielectric plate 600; the dielectric plate 600 is disposed on the bottom plate of the second group of polarized radiation units 400, and the second group of polarized radiation units 400
  • a through hole 444 corresponding to the feeding hole 604 is opened in the bottom plate.
  • the RF cable can be connected to the second set of polarization feed units 200 through the vias 444 and the feed holes 604.
  • the third polarization feeding unit 210 and the fourth polarization feeding unit 260 may also be an air die-cast microstrip line structure or a strip line structure.
  • the bottom plate of the second group of polarized radiating elements 400 may further include a fixing hole 449 for fixing the multi-polarized radiating element, which may be a screw hole.
  • the multi-polarized radiation vibrator can be fixed to the reflector through the fixing hole 449. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the multi-staged radiation vibrator can also be fixed on the reflector by the card holder.
  • the radiating surface of the first group of radiating polarization units 300 of the radiating element A may be parallel to the reflecting plate or perpendicular to the reflecting plate.
  • the second set of polarization feed units 200 are implemented by the dielectric plate 600.
  • the second group of polarization feeding units 200 may be disposed at the bottom of the second group of polarized radiation units 400, or may be disposed between the bottom of the second group of polarized radiation units 400 and the reflector.
  • the dielectric plate 600 has a cross structure and includes a three-layer structure, that is, a microstrip line layer, an insulating layer 601, and a conductive layer 602.
  • the microstrip line layer includes a third polarized microstrip line 610 corresponding to the third polarization feeding unit 210 and a fourth polarized microstrip line 660 corresponding to the fourth polarization feeding unit 260.
  • the insulating layer 601 may be a layered structure formed of an insulating material that insulates the microstrip layer from the conductive layer 602.
  • the conductive layer 602 is made of a conductive material.
  • the conductive layer 602 is provided with a slit 644 corresponding to the feed gap 442.
  • the conductive layer 602 can be printed with a grounded structure.
  • a feed hole 604 adjacent to the third polarized microstrip line 610 or the fourth polarized microstrip line 660 is opened on the dielectric plate 600. As such, the RF cable can be connected to the second set of polarization feed units 200 through the feed holes 604.
  • the outer conductor of the radio frequency cable is soldered to the feed hole 604, the inner core of the radio frequency cable passing through the feed hole 604 and the microstrip line of the second group feeding unit 200 (the third polarized microstrip line 610, the first The quadrupole microstrip line 660) is soldered.
  • a medium fixing hole 609 corresponding to the fixing hole 449 is also formed in the dielectric plate 600. In this way, the second group of polarization feeding units 200 can be formed, and can be fixed to the reflecting plate through the medium fixing holes 609 and the radiation unit A.
  • the third polarized microstrip line 610 and the fourth polarized microstrip line 660 are not divided into two splitter structures, and the two sides are equally distributed and pass through the balun slot 442 to each radiation.
  • the cavity is coupled and fed, so that the magnetic vibrator is formed by each radiation cavity, and the E surface is omnidirectional, and is reflected by the bottom reflection plate to form the directional antenna to improve the gain of the antenna.
  • the third polarized microstrip line 610 and the fourth polarized microstrip line 660 have intersections, in the present embodiment, an arcuate metal piece 605 jumper structure is adopted, and the arcuate metal piece 405 is on the fourth polarized microstrip line 660.
  • the upper polarized microstrip line 610 is connected to the fourth polarized microstrip line 660.
  • each of the vibrator arms (the first vibrator arm 311, the second vibrator arm 312, the third vibrator arm 361, and the fourth vibrator arm 362) and the second group
  • the distance of the bottom plate of the polarized radiation unit 400 is 1/8 to 1/2 times the center frequency point wavelength of the operating frequency band of the first group of polarized radiation units 300.
  • the radiating surface of the first set of polarized radiating elements 300 is at a center frequency point wavelength of the operating frequency band of the first group of polarized radiating elements 300 that is 1/8 to 1/2 times the distance from the reflecting plate.
  • the length of each of the radiation cavities is 1/8 to 1/2 times the center frequency point wavelength of the operating frequency band of the second group of polarized radiating elements 400.
  • the distance between each of the vibrator arms and the bottom plate of the second set of polarized radiating elements 400 is 1/4 times the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first set of polarized radiating elements 300.
  • the length of each radiation cavity is 1/4 times the wavelength of the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second group of polarized radiating elements 400. At this time, the mutual interference of currents between different polarizations is minimal.
  • the distance between each of the vibrator arms and the bottom plate of the second set of polarized radiating elements 400 is greater than the height of the side walls 443 (see FIG. 6) of the respective radiating cavities.
  • the present invention also provides an antenna comprising the above-described multi-polarized radiating element, and a reflecting plate for fixing the multi-polarized radiating element.
  • the antenna has the beneficial effect corresponding to the multi-polarized radiating element.
  • the first group of polarizations is set to ⁇ 45° polarization, and the working frequency band is set to 1710-2690 MHz, and its single unit radiation
  • the direction diagram is shown in Figure 11.
  • the horizontal beam width is 60-69°.
  • Other indicators obviously meet the group requirements.
  • the second group polarization is set to horizontal vertical polarization, and the working frequency band is set to 3.3-3.8 GHz.
  • the radiation pattern of the single unit is shown in Figure 12.
  • the beamwidth of the horizontal plane is 69-74°, and other indicators obviously meet the requirements of the group.

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Abstract

一种多极化辐射振子及天线，包括辐射单元、第一组极化馈电单元及第二组极化馈电单元；包括相互连接的第一组极化辐射单元及第二组极化辐射单元，每组极化辐射单元包括相互正交的两个极化方向，第一组极化辐射单元及第二组极化辐射单元相邻两个极化的极化电场矢量方向呈45度夹角；第一组极化辐射单元为电偶极子单元，第二组极化辐射单元为磁偶极子单元；第一组极化馈电单元对第一组极化辐射单元进行馈电，第二组极化馈电单元对所述第二组极化辐射单元进行馈电。由于四个极化共用一个辐射单元，不需要采用多个振子组合实现四个线极化，因此，采用该多极化辐射振子，可以使得天线结构更紧凑，减小天线的尺寸。

Description

多极化辐射振子及天线 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，特别涉及一种多极化辐射振子及天线。
背景技术
随着移动通信网络制式的增多，要求基站天线能支持多种通信制式，为了节省站址和天馈资源，减小物业协调难度，降低投资成本，能够支持多系统通信的多频天线逐渐成为运营商建网的首选。目前移动通信网络中主要运用的天线为±45°极化组合、水平极化和垂直极化组合方式，采用双极化或者多极化天线，可以利用极化分集接收技术提高信道容量，防止信号衰落。
常规基站通信系统采用±45°极化组合基站天线，或者水平极化和垂直极化组合这四种线极化形式的基站天线，但是运营商需求包含±45°极化、水平极化和垂直极化的基站天线时候，传统的设计方法是如图1所示，采用一副±45°极化基站天线和一副水平极化和垂直极化基站天线肩并肩合并，这种方法将天线的物理尺寸增大了一倍，并不利于天线的小型化设计要求。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对多极化天线结构尺寸较大的问题，提出一种能够降低多极化天线结构尺寸的多极化辐射振子及天线。
一种多极化辐射振子，包括辐射单元、第一组极化馈电单元及第二组极化馈电单元；
所述辐射单元包括相互连接的第一组极化辐射单元及第二组极化辐射单元，每组极化辐射单元包括相互正交的两个极化方向，第一组极化辐射单元及第二组极化辐射单元相邻两个极化的极化电场矢量方向呈45度夹角；所述第一组极化辐射单元为电偶极子单元，所述第二组极化辐射单元为磁偶极子单元；
所述第一组极化馈电单元对所述第一组极化辐射单元进行馈电，所述第二组极化馈电单元对所述第二组极化辐射单元进行馈电。
一种天线，包括权上述的多极化辐射振子，及用于固定所述多极化辐射振子的反射板。
由于四个极化共用一个辐射单元，该辐射单元包括相互连接的第一组极化辐射单元及第二组极化辐射单元，每组极化辐射单元包括相互正交的两个极化方向，第一组极化辐射单元及第二组极化辐射单元相邻两个极化的极化电场矢量方向呈45度夹角；且第一组极化辐射单元为电偶极子单元，第二组极化辐射单元为磁偶极子单元，从而使得该多极化辐射振子具有高性能的同时，不需要采用多个振子组合实现四个线极化，如采用两个双极化振子组合实现四个线极化，因此，采用该多极化辐射振子，可以使得天线结构更紧凑，减小天线的尺寸。同时，还能达到降低成本，实施方法简单等有益效果。
附图说明
图1为传统多极化辐射天线的结构示意图；
图2为一实施例中多极化辐射振子的整体结构示意图；
图3为图2的多极化辐射振子的细节结构示意图；
图4为一具体实施例的多极化辐射振子电场极化示意图；
图5为一实施例中多极化辐射振子的细节结构示意图；
图6为一实施例中多极化辐射振子的辐射单元的俯视图；
图7为一个实施例中多极化辐射振子的爆炸结构图；
图8为图6的辐射单元的结构示意图；
图9为一实施例的多极化辐射振子的第二组极化馈电单元的一视角结构示意图；
图10为图9的第二组极化馈电单元的俯视图；
图11为一具体示例中四极化辐射单元振子的第一组极化辐射的H面方向图；
图12为一具体示例中四极化辐射单元振子的第二组极化辐射的H面方向图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
请参阅图2，一种多极化辐射振子，包括辐射单元A、第一组极化馈电单元100及第二组极化馈电单元200。
辐射单元A包括相互连接的第一组极化辐射单元300及第二组极化辐射单元400，每组极化辐射单元包括相互正交的两个极化方向，第一组极化辐射单元300及第二组极化辐射单元400相邻两个极化的极化电场矢量方向呈45度夹角；且第一组极化辐射单元300为电偶极子单元，第二组极化辐射单元400为磁偶极子单元。
第一组极化馈电单元100对第一组极化辐射单元300进行馈电，第二组极化馈电单元200对第二组极化辐射单元400进行馈电。
由于四个极化共用一个辐射单元A，该辐射单元A包括相互连接的第一组极化辐射单元300及第二组极化辐射单元400，每组极化辐射单元包括相互正交的两个极化方向，第一组极化辐射单元300及第二组极化辐射单元400相邻两个极化的极化电场矢量方向呈45度夹角；且第一组极化辐射单元300为电偶极子单元，第二组极化辐射单元400为磁偶极子单元，从而使得该多极化辐射振子具有高性能的同时，不需要采用多个振子组合实现四个线极化，如采用两个双极化振子组合实现四个线极化，因此，采用该多极化辐射振子，可以使得天线结构更紧凑，减小天线的尺寸。同时，还能达到降低成本，实施方法简单等有益效果。
进一步地，请参阅图2至图3，第一组极化馈电单元100包括相互正交的第一极化馈电单元110及第二极化馈电单元160；第二组极化馈电单元200包括相互正交的第三极化馈电单元210及第四极化馈电单元260。
第一组极化辐射单元300包括相互正交的第一极化辐射振子臂310及第二极化辐射振子臂360；第二组极化辐射单元400包括于中点处连通并正交的第三 极化辐射腔410及第四极化辐射腔460。
如此，使得四个极化共用一个辐射单元A，具有高性能的同时，由于不需要采用多个振子组合实现四个线极化，如采用两个双极化振子组合实现四个线极化，因此，采用该多极化辐射振子，可以使得天线结构更紧凑，能够减小天线的尺寸。同时，还能达到降低成本，实施方法简单等有益效果。
在其中一实施例中，辐射单元A为一体化结构。该辐射单元A可以通过压铸的方式生成，也可以为钣金或者PCB(Printed Circuit Board，印制电路板)结构。
在其中一具体实施例中，如图4所示，第一组极化可以为水平和垂直线极化；第二组极化可以为±45°极化线极化。四个极化的的相位中心相同，水平和垂直线极化与±45°极化线极化电场矢量方向夹角为45°。四个极化共用一个辐射单元A，但是分开馈电。四个极化分为两组，其中水平和垂直线极化为一组，±45°极化线极化为另一组极化。每组极化中的两个极化互相正交，每组极化中的两个极化的馈电单元也正交，每个极化方向的馈电单元分开馈电。优选地，第一组极化辐射单元300及第二组极化辐射单元400交叉45°设置，如此，充分利用不同极化四个方位角的空间，天线结构更紧凑，进一步缩小了辐射单元A的立体尺寸。
需要说明的是，第一组极化工作频段与第二组极化工作频段可以相同，也可以不相同。优选地，为了达到更好的效果，第一组极化工作频段与第二组极化工作频段不相同。
在其中一实施例中，请再结合参阅图5及图6，第一极化辐射振子臂310包括镜像对称设置第一振子臂311及第二振子臂312；第二极化辐射振子臂360包括镜像对称设置的第三振子臂361及第四振子臂362。
第三极化辐射腔410包括镜像对称设置的第一辐射腔411及第二辐射腔412；第四极化辐射腔460包括镜像对称设置的第三辐射腔461及第四辐射腔462。
各辐射腔(第一辐射腔411、第二辐射腔412、第三辐射腔461及第四辐射 腔462)均包括底板441及与底板441连接的两个侧壁443，两个侧壁443相互平行；各辐射腔的底板441在同一平面上形成第二组极化辐射单元400的底板；相邻的每两个辐射腔之间均有一侧壁443相互连接，形成四个直角侧壁组445；各振子臂(第一振子臂311、第二振子臂312、第三振子臂361及第四振子臂362)分别设置于直角侧壁组445远离第二组极化辐射单元400的底板的一端。
如此，给每个极化提供了足够的辐射净空间，各个极化互不干扰，不影响其开放性的辐射场。还需要说明的是，各振子臂是分离的，互不相连，从而使得辐射腔上端有足够的空间，减少了不同极化电流互相干扰。
可选地，第一组极化为电偶极子，第二组极化为磁偶极子。如此，结合电偶极子和磁偶极子使用交叉45°放置，四个极化共用一个振子，缩小了辐射单元的立体尺寸，给每个极化提供了足够的辐射净空间，各个极化互不干扰，不影响其开放性的辐射场。同时，通过单个振子即可实现四极化，减小了天线的尺寸，实现了小型化设计要求。
在其中一具体实施例中，各辐射腔均为巴伦辐射腔。各辐射腔的底部开设有巴伦缝隙442，既可以作为第一极化组馈电单元100巴伦调节阻抗匹配，又可以作为第二组极化辐射单元400的辐射耦合腔，第二组极化馈电单元200对该巴伦缝隙442进行耦合馈电，这样四个极化的振子臂上方和下方都没有其它极化方向振子臂的遮挡，提高了辐射方向图的稳定性，使得不同系统之间具有较高的隔离度。在该实施例中，各辐射腔的宽度可以大于各振子臂的宽度。
进一步地，第一组极化辐射单元300还包括馈电圆管500，馈电圆管500设置于直角侧壁组445的拐角处；第一组极化辐射单元300的两个极化馈电单元(第一极化馈电单元110及第二极化馈电单元160)的两端分别固定于一个馈电圆管500内部。从而在馈电圆管500中形成第一组极化馈电单元100的馈电环境，对第一组极化辐射单元300的第一极化馈电单元110及第二极化馈电单元160进行馈电。
为了提高馈电的准确性，馈电圆管500为巴伦馈电圆管。可以通过卡夹180(见图7)将第一组极化辐射单元300的两个极化馈电单元的两端分别固定于一 个馈电圆管500内部。该卡夹180为绝缘材质，如，该卡夹180可以为塑料卡夹，以免影响馈电结果，进一步提高馈电准确性。可选的，第一组极化馈电单元100可以为压铸结构，或者微带线结构，并且通过塑料卡夹固定于馈电圆管500内部。
更进一步地，请参阅图7和图8，馈电圆管500包括第一馈电圆管501及第二馈电圆管502；第一馈电圆管501的长度大于辐射腔的侧壁的高度，第二馈电圆管502的长度小于辐射腔的侧壁443的高度。
第一组极化馈电单元100的各极化馈电单元(第一极化馈电单元110、第二极化馈电单元160)的一端固定于第二馈电圆管502内，另一端固定于第一馈电圆管501内并在第一馈电圆管501的底端形成馈电点；第一馈电圆管501的底端为远离第一馈电圆管501的伸入端的一端，伸入端为第一组极化馈电单元100的极化馈电单元(第一极化馈电单元110、第二极化馈电单元160)伸入至第一馈电圆管501的一端。
如此，使得第一组极化馈电单元100可以通过该馈电点与射频电缆焊接，从而进行馈电，射频信号经过射频电缆输入连接到辐射单元A。进一步地，射频电缆外导体焊接在第一馈电圆管501的底端(管脚)，射频电缆内芯与第一组极化馈电单元100焊接。
在其中一实施例中，各辐射腔的底板441均开设有馈电缝隙442(见图6)。如此，形成第二组极化馈电单元200的馈电环境，对第二组极化辐射单元400进行馈电。为了提高馈电的准确性，该馈电缝隙442为巴伦馈电缝隙。
进一步地，为了进一步提高馈电的准确性，馈电缝隙442的宽度为第二组极化馈电单元200工作频段的中心频点波长的0.015～0.05倍，馈电缝隙442的长度为第二组极化馈电单元200工作频段的中心频点波长的1/4～1/2倍。
在其中一实施例中，第二组极化馈电单元200的第三极化馈电单元210及第四极化馈电单元260为压铸结构、微带线结构或带状线结构。
可选地，第一组极化馈电单元100可以为压铸结构或者微带线结构。优选地，第一组极化馈电单元100的第一极化馈电单元110及第二极化馈电单元160为压铸结构，通过塑料卡夹固定于巴伦圆管500内。如此，第一极化馈电单元110及第二极化馈电单元160通过压铸耦合线为第一组极化辐射单元300进行馈电。如此可以减少焊点，提高天线的无源互调。
进一步地，请结合参阅图6至图8，第三极化馈电单元210及第四极化馈电单元260为微带线结构，且印制在介质板600上。如此，充分利用辐射腔的空间。介质板600上开设有与第二组极化馈电单元200相邻的馈电孔604；介质板600设置于第二组极化辐射单元400的底板上，第二组极化辐射单元400的底板上开设有与馈电孔604对应的导通孔444。如此，射频电缆可以穿过导通孔444及馈电孔604与第二组极化馈电单元200连接。在其它实施例中，第三极化馈电单元210及第四极化馈电单元260也可以为基于空气压铸的微带线结构，或者带状线结构。
第二组极化辐射单元400的底板上还可以包括固定孔449，该固定孔449用于固定多极化辐射振子，可以为螺丝孔。如此，可以通过该固定孔449将多极化辐射振子固定在反射板上。可以理解地，在其它实施例中，还可以通过卡座将多级化辐射振子固定在反射板上。
可选的，辐射单元A的第一组辐射极化单元300的辐射面可以平行反射板，也可以垂直于反射板。
请结合参阅图9和图10，在其中一个具体实施例中，第二组极化馈电单元200通过介质板600来实现。该第二组极化馈电单元200可以设置于第二组极化辐射单元400内的底部，也可以设置于第二组极化辐射单元400底部与反射板之间。介质板600成十字架结构，包括三层结构，即微带线层、绝缘层601及导电层602。微带线层包括与第三极化馈电单元210对应的第三极化微带线610及与第四极化馈电单元260对应的第四极化微带线660。绝缘层601可以为绝缘材料形成的一层结构，该绝缘层601将微带线层与导电层602绝缘隔开。导电层602由导电材质构成。导电层602开设有与馈电缝隙442对应的缝隙644。导电层602可以通过印制方式印制有接地结构。介质板600上开设有与第三极化 微带线610或第四极化微带线660相邻的馈电孔604。如此，射频电缆可以穿过馈电孔604与第二组极化馈电单元200连接。具体地，射频电缆的外导体与馈电孔604焊接，穿过馈电孔604的射频电缆的内芯与第二组馈电单元200的微带线(第三极化微带线610、第四极化微带线660)焊接。介质板600上还开设有与固定孔449对应的介质固定孔609。如此，可以形成第二组极化馈电单元200，并可通过该介质固定孔609与辐射单元A固定于反射板上。
进一步地，在该具体实施例中，第三极化微带线610及第四极化微带线660均未一分二功分器结构，两边等功率分配并通过巴伦缝隙442给各辐射腔耦合馈电，如此通过各辐射腔形成磁振子，其E面为全向，通过底部反射板反射，形成定向天线后能够提高天线的增益。
由于第三极化微带线610及第四极化微带线660有交叉地方，在本实施例中，采用弓形金属片605跳线结构，弓形金属片405在第四极化微带线660上方跨过，连接上第四极化微带线660断开的第三极化微带线610，如此，可以采用单面板，减少安装的复杂性。
为了减少不同极化间的相互干扰，在其中一实施例中，各振子臂(第一振子臂311、第二振子臂312、第三振子臂361及第四振子臂362)与第二组极化辐射单元400的底板的距离为1/8～1/2倍的第一组极化辐射单元300的工作频段的中心频点波长。在其中一具体实施例中，第一组极化辐射单元300的辐射面距离反射板距离为1/8～1/2倍的第一组极化辐射单元300的工作频段的中心频点波长。进一步地，或在其中另一实施例中，各辐射腔的长度为1/8～1/2倍的第二组极化辐射单元400的工作频段的中心频点波长。
优选地，各振子臂与第二组极化辐射单元400的底板的距离为1/4倍的第一组极化辐射单元300的工作频段的中心频点波长。各辐射腔的长度为1/4倍的第二组极化辐射单元400的工作频段的中心频点波长。此时，不同极化间电流的相互干扰最小。
为了进一步减少不同极化间电流的相互干扰，各振子臂与第二组极化辐射单元400的底板的距离大于各辐射腔的侧壁443(见图6)的高度。
本发明还提供一种天线，包括上述的多极化辐射振子，及用于固定多极化辐射振子的反射板。该天线具有与该多极化辐射振子对应的有益效果。
为检验上述多极化辐射振子及天线的工作情况，在其中一具体示例中，将第一组极化设定为±45°极化，其工作频段设定为1710-2690MHz，其单个单元辐射方向图如图11所示，水平面波束宽度为60-69°，其它指标显然也满足组使用要求；将第二组极化设定为水平垂直极化，其工作频段设定为3.3-3.8GHz，其单个单元辐射方向图如图12所示，水平面波束宽度为69-74°，其它指标显然也满足组使用要求。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种多极化辐射振子，包括辐射单元、第一组极化馈电单元及第二组极化馈电单元；
    所述辐射单元包括相互连接的第一组极化辐射单元及第二组极化辐射单元，每组极化辐射单元包括相互正交的两个极化方向，第一组极化辐射单元及第二组极化辐射单元相邻两个极化的极化电场矢量方向呈45度夹角；所述第一组极化辐射单元为电偶极子单元，所述第二组极化辐射单元为磁偶极子单元；
    所述第一组极化馈电单元对所述第一组极化辐射单元进行馈电，所述第二组极化馈电单元对所述第二组极化辐射单元进行馈电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多极化辐射振子，其特征在于：
    所述第一组极化馈电单元包括相互正交的第一极化馈电单元及第二极化馈电单元；所述第二组极化馈电单元包括相互正交的第三极化馈电单元及第四极化馈电单元；
    所述第一组极化辐射单元包括相互正交的第一极化辐射振子臂及第二极化辐射振子臂；所述第二组极化辐射单元包括于中点处连通并正交的第三极化辐射腔及第四极化辐射腔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的多极化辐射振子，其特征在于：
    所述第一极化辐射振子臂包括镜像对称设置第一振子臂及第二振子臂；所述第二极化辐射振子臂包括镜像对称设置的第三振子臂及第四振子臂；
    所述第三极化辐射腔包括镜像对称设置的第一辐射腔及第二辐射腔；所述第四极化辐射腔包括镜像对称设置的第三辐射腔及第四辐射腔；
    各辐射腔均包括底板及与所述底板连接的两个侧壁，所述两个侧壁相互平行；各所述辐射腔的底板在同一平面上形成所述第二组极化辐射单元的底板。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的多极化辐射振子，其特征在于：
    相邻的每两个辐射腔之间均有一侧壁相互连接，形成四个直角侧壁组；各振子臂分别设置于所述直角侧壁组远离所述第二组极化辐射单元的底板的一端。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的多极化辐射振子，其特征在于，所述第一组极化 辐射单元还包括馈电圆管，所述馈电圆管设置于所述直角侧壁组的拐角处；所述第一组极化辐射单元的两个极化馈电单元的两端分别固定于一个馈电圆管内部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的多极化辐射振子，其特征在于，所述馈电圆管包括第一馈电圆管及第二馈电圆管；所述第一馈电圆管的长度大于所述辐射腔的侧壁的高度，所述第二馈电圆管的长度小于所述辐射腔的侧壁的高度；
    所述第一组极化馈电单元的各极化馈电单元的一端固定于所述第二馈电圆管内，另一端固定于所述第一馈电圆管内并在所述第一馈电圆管的底端形成馈电点；所述第一馈电圆管的底端为远离所述第一馈电圆管的伸入端的一端，所述伸入端为所述第一组极化馈电单元的极化馈电单元伸入至所述第一馈电圆管的一端。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的多极化辐射振子，其特征在于，各所述辐射腔的底板均开设有馈电缝隙；所述馈电缝隙的宽度为所述第二组极化馈电单元工作频段的中心频点波长的0.015～0.05倍，所述馈电缝隙的长度为所述第二组极化馈电单元工作频段的中心频点波长的1/4～1/2倍。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的多极化辐射振子，其特征在于，所述第二组极化馈电单元的所述第三极化馈电单元及所述第四极化馈电单元为压铸结构、微带线结构或带状线结构。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的多极化辐射振子，其特征在于，所述第三极化馈电单元及所述第四极化馈电单元为微带线结构，且印制在介质板上；所述介质板上开设有与所述第二组极化馈电单元相邻的馈电孔；所述介质板设置于所述第二组极化辐射单元的底板上，所述第二组极化辐射单元的底板上开设有与所述馈电孔对应的导通孔。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的多极化辐射振子，其特征在于，各所述振子臂与所述第二组极化辐射单元的底板的距离为1/8～1/2倍的第一组极化辐射单元的工作频段的中心频点波长；或/及，各所述辐射腔的长度为1/8～1/2倍的第二组极化辐射单元的工作频段的中心频点波长；各所述振子臂与所述第二组极化辐射单元的底板的距离大于各所述辐射腔的侧壁的高度。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的多极化辐射振子，其特征在于，所述辐射单元为一体化结构。
  12. 一种天线，包括权利要求11任意一项所述的多极化辐射振子，及用于固定所述多极化辐射振子的反射板。
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