WO2023245778A1 - 等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池 - Google Patents

等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池 Download PDF

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WO2023245778A1
WO2023245778A1 PCT/CN2022/105711 CN2022105711W WO2023245778A1 WO 2023245778 A1 WO2023245778 A1 WO 2023245778A1 CN 2022105711 W CN2022105711 W CN 2022105711W WO 2023245778 A1 WO2023245778 A1 WO 2023245778A1
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air
aluminum
plasma
negative electrode
cathode
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PCT/CN2022/105711
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李勇
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李勇
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to aluminum-air batteries, and in particular to an aluminum-air battery in which plasma enters air and enters and exits the negative electrode plate in a winding type.
  • the current bottleneck in the development of the global electric vehicle industry is power batteries; although lithium-ion batteries have developed extremely rapidly in recent years and have dominated the global electric vehicle power battery market, they have inherent fatal flaws that are difficult to overcome and
  • the disadvantage is that the accumulation of lithium atoms on the negative electrode of the battery (graphite and other materials) can easily form dendritic "lithium crystals". This crystal can easily pierce the separator and short-circuit the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. The resulting short-circuit current will often The battery may overheat and run out of control, resulting in fire or explosion, which may cause damage to the battery system, or may lead to vehicle crash and death.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are not only poor in safety, but also difficult to enlarge their cells, making it difficult to meet the demand for large storage capacity of electric vehicles.
  • the power battery system of an electric vehicle often requires thousands to tens of thousands of lithium-ion single cells connected in series and parallel, which leads to the complexity and unreliability of the battery management system.
  • the cathode active material of the lithium battery especially Cobalt resource reserves are limited, its price has increased more than ten times in ten years, and its cost performance is worrying.
  • aluminum-air batteries the theoretical specific energy of aluminum-air batteries is 8100wh/kg.
  • the actual energy density of aluminum-air batteries in the current laboratory can reach 2500wh/kg, which exceeds the energy density of gasoline at 1700wh/kg.
  • aluminum-air batteries are extremely safe and will definitely not cause combustion and explosion accidents such as "lithium crystals" or "thermal runaway".
  • aluminum materials are abundant on the earth and are widely available and cheap. Therefore, what we are looking for is both A power battery that is safe, reliable, economical and durable, and has a price-performance ratio comparable to that of fuel vehicles is the aluminum-air battery.
  • the aluminum-air battery also has its bottleneck and "weakness", that is, the aluminum surface of the negative plate is quickly oxidized to form a dense AL(OH) 3 passivation film. This passivation film seriously hinders the oxidation of the negative electrode. As the reaction continues, the electrochemical activity of the negative electrode aluminum is greatly reduced, which directly leads to a rapid operating voltage of the aluminum-air battery, so the energy density of the battery decreases rapidly.
  • the present invention first provides an aluminum-air battery with a plasma-inlet air winding type and a negative plate in and out, so as to solve the problem of traditional aluminum-air batteries that the anode metal aluminum is easily passivated and affects the subsequent operation.
  • the reaction problem also solves the problem of low battery current density caused by the air electrode of traditional aluminum air.
  • the technical solution is to include a container made of insulating material for holding the electrolyte.
  • the container includes a shell, and at least one group of anodes made of metal is arranged in the container.
  • the cathode is uniformly diffused to the reaction interface with the catalyst, characterized in that the cathode includes an air supply passage, and a plasma generator is provided at a set position in the air supply passage to form a part of the air flowing through the plasma generator or fully ionized structures.
  • it includes a plate-shaped nickel-plated copper mesh with three-dimensional connected gaps, and also includes a carbon fiber diffusion layer with gaps composed of carbon fiber spinning attached to and covering the nickel-plated copper mesh.
  • the carbon fiber diffusion layer Internally doped graphene forms a channel for electron flow.
  • the nickel-plated copper mesh network includes a layered unit formed by a plurality of linear arrays of curved nickel-plated copper wires, and each layered unit is fixedly arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction to form a fish gill-like structure; so The carbon fiber diffusion layer is attached and fixedly installed on the inner wall of the casing.
  • the anode is made of metal aluminum, and the anode further includes a plastic conductive base film for carrying the metal aluminum, the plastic conductive base film is made of a flexible conductive material, and further includes a plastic conductive base film placed on
  • the steering roller made of insulating non-metallic material at the bottom of the casing and rotationally connected with the casing also includes a pre-passivation negative electrode roll and a post-passivation negative electrode roll located above the outside of the casing.
  • the metal aluminum is passed through a plastic conductive base.
  • the film is wound around the negative electrode roll before passivation and the negative electrode roll after passivation, and the anode is turned through the steering roller; the negative electrode roll after passivation is connected to an active winding mechanism to form an active winding mechanism.
  • the negative roll rotates and renews the structure of the anode located within the housing.
  • the anode in the same housing, is located at both side walls of the housing and is fixedly connected to the side wall, and the cathode is located at the middle position of the housing.
  • the upper cover of the housing is covered with an upper cover, and the upper cover is provided with an entry channel and an exit channel corresponding to the negative electrode roll before passivation and the negative electrode roll after passivation, forming a structure that allows the anode to enter and exit. .
  • the plastic conductive base film is made of conductive plastic, and transmission holes arranged in an array are provided at both sides of the plastic conductive base film, and the steering roller is provided with transmission holes at both ends. There is a transmission wheel that meshes with the transmission hole.
  • the active winding mechanism includes an intermeshing turbine and worm mechanism, wherein the turbine is fixedly connected to the passivated negative electrode winding shaft, wherein the worm is driven by the rotating shaft, and the worm is stepped Driven by motor.
  • the housings include a plurality of arrays arranged adjacent to each other, and the passivated negative electrode rolling shaft corresponding to each housing is driven synchronously through the same rotation shaft; the air supply passage of each housing includes an air supply channel.
  • a gas supply box corresponding to the cathode, the gas supply box is removably and fixedly installed above the cathode and connected to the carbon fiber diffusion layer for ventilation; each of the gas supply boxes is connected to the same gas supply main pipe through an intermediate pipeline, and the gas supply box is connected to the same gas supply main pipe through an intermediate pipeline.
  • the plasma generator is installed at the air inlet of the gas main pipe.
  • the plasma generator includes a ventilator connected to the air supply pipeline, and also includes a high-pressure plasma emitter located in the ventilator to form an ionization effect on the air flowing through it.
  • an electrolyte replenishment system is also included.
  • the electrolyte replenishment system includes an electrolyte storage bin located on the periphery of the battery casing, and also includes an electrolyte replenishment pipeline connected to the electrolyte storage space in the casing. It includes a supply electric metering pump located in front of the electrolyte replenishing pipeline and the electrolyte storage bin; it also includes a liquid level sensor located at the inner wall of each housing, the liquid level sensor is electrically connected to a control chip, and the output of the control chip The pins are electrically connected to the electric metering pump through a motor drive circuit to realize a control path for electrolyte replenishment.
  • control chip is a single-chip microcomputer, and the metering pump is connected in parallel with a gravity return valve.
  • the present invention avoids the updating method of the traditional anode plate and can realize an uninterrupted power supply structure through a winding structure.
  • the above-mentioned realization structure is simple and reasonable, easy to produce and easy to operate, and uses two aluminum film rolls.
  • the cylinder and a steering cylinder cleverly control the aluminum film in and out of the electrolytic cell to achieve continuous transportation of the aluminum film; on the other hand, this plan proposes a cathode plate structure with a higher current density, through the three-dimensional connected structure of the cathode plate and carbon fiber diffusion
  • the layer realizes better contact and diffusion of oxygen, and this solution adds a plasma generator to the gas supply path of the cathode plate.
  • the plasma generator is used to ionize the air flowing through so that the oxygen is partially converted into ozone with stronger oxidation performance. This makes subsequent reactions easier to produce in order to generate higher current density; furthermore, this solution proposes an anode replacement that uses a stepper motor to drive multiple arrays at the same time. Its structure is simple and reasonable, and the battery module can be upgraded arbitrarily.
  • the quantity; furthermore, the electrolyte replenishment system in this solution can realize automatic replenishment of battery electrolyte through the liquid level sensor and control chip.
  • the above-mentioned electrolyte replenishment system and the control system of the stepper motor can be integrated into the ECU of the car.
  • the control system has good compatibility with existing cars and has achieved innovation in aluminum-air batteries.
  • Figure 1 is an implementation structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a single cell in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the battery in this patent.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the battery liquid supply in this patent.
  • Figure 6 is a partial structural diagram of the battery in Figure 1.
  • Figure 7 is a partial structural diagram of another battery in Figure 1.
  • Figure 8 is a structural diagram of the transmission update of the aluminum film in Figure 1.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the air supply passage in the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Figure 6.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a single cell in the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a three-dimensional structural view of a single cell in the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a structural diagram of the metal aluminum film and plastic conductive base film in the present invention.
  • this solution is an aluminum-air battery, which is a type of metal-air battery.
  • this solution is not limited to using only metal aluminum as the anode 200. Therefore, using other metals as the anode 200 using the structure of this solution also falls within the scope of this solution. protected range.
  • a single battery unit includes a casing 100 made of insulating material, including but not limited to engineering plastics.
  • the casing 100 forms a structure for holding the electrolyte and installing the anode 200 and the cathode 300.
  • the electrolyte is made of 3.5% sodium chloride solution, in which the electrolyte concentration is sensed by a sodium ion concentration sensor provided in the housing 100, and the concentration is replenished and maintained through the electrolyte in the storage bin of the electrolyte replenishing system 700.
  • the sodium ion concentration sensor 705 and the liquid level sensor 703 convert the changes in the electrolyte concentration and liquid level into electrical signals.
  • the electrical signals are processed and converted into digital signals.
  • the digital signals are compared with the preset thresholds in the control chip.
  • the control chip determines whether to start the metering pump.
  • the metering pump can know how much electrolyte it replenishes through its running time, and then controls the amount of replenished electrolyte through the startup time.
  • the casing 100 of a single battery unit includes cathode 300 plates located on both side walls.
  • the cathode 300 plate includes a plate-shaped nickel-plated copper mesh 301 with three-dimensional connected gaps, and also includes a nickel-plated copper mesh 301 attached to and covering the nickel-plated copper mesh 301.
  • the carbon fiber diffusion layer 302 with gaps is made of carbon fiber.
  • the carbon fiber diffusion layer 302 is doped with graphene to form a channel for electron circulation.
  • the nickel-plated copper mesh 301 consists of a linear array of multiple bent nickel-plated copper wires.
  • the formed layered units are arranged at fixed intervals in the horizontal direction to form a gill-like structure; the carbon fiber diffusion layer 302 is attached and fixedly installed on the inner wall of the housing 100 .
  • the casing 100 of a single battery unit includes an anode 200 located at the center of the bottom of the casing 100.
  • the anode 200 is made of metal aluminum, and the anode 200 also includes a A plastic conductive base film 201 of metallic aluminum.
  • the plastic conductive base film 201 is made of a flexible conductive material. It also includes an insulating non-metallic material placed at the bottom of the housing 100 and rotationally connected to the housing 100, including but not limited to ceramics.
  • the completed steering roller 207 also includes a pre-passivation negative electrode roll 203 and a post-passivation negative electrode roll 204 located above the outside of the housing 100.
  • the metal aluminum is wound around the pre-passivation negative electrode roll 203 through a plastic conductive base film 201. and the passivated negative electrode roll 204, and realizes the steering of the anode 200 through the steering roller 207; the passivated negative electrode roll 204 is drivingly connected to an active winding mechanism 600, forming an active winding mechanism 600 that drives the negative electrode roll to rotate and The structure of the anode 200 located in the housing 100 is updated.
  • the negative electrode roll 203 before passivation is used to wind the negative electrode material that has not participated in the reaction, and the negative electrode roll 204 after passivation is used to wind the negative electrode material that has participated in the reaction, with aluminum hydroxide attached to its surface; the negative electrode roll 203 before passivation, passivation
  • the rear negative electrode rolls 204 are respectively provided with rotating shafts, in which the aluminum film is wound on the corresponding reel through a composite material formed by bonding the conductive base film.
  • the rotating shaft can be provided with a portion of the conductive portion that contacts the conductive portion.
  • the base film contacts to form a conductive connection structure. When a load is connected, conductive contact is formed with the electrode through the conductive portion.
  • the housing 100 is covered with an upper cover 101 , and the upper cover 101 is provided with an entry channel and an exit channel corresponding to the negative electrode roll 203 before passivation and the negative electrode roll 204 after passivation, forming a passage that allows the anode 200 to enter and exit. structure; loose aluminum hydroxide will be attached to the anode surface after participating in the reaction, so the width of the anode leaving the channel should be slightly larger than the thickness of the conductive base film with aluminum hydroxide.
  • the plastic conductive base film 201 is made of conductive plastic, and an array of transmission holes 205 is provided on both sides of the plastic conductive base film 201. Both sides of the steering roller 207 A transmission wheel 206 meshing with the transmission hole 205 is provided at the end position; the transmission holes located on the conductive base film are evenly arranged, and their intervals can be used to accurately control the anode winding at a certain speed.
  • the active winding mechanism 600 includes an intermeshing worm gear mechanism, wherein the worm gear 601 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the passivated negative electrode roll 204, and the worm 602 is driven by the rotating shaft 603, and the worm gear 602 is driven by the rotating shaft 603.
  • the worm 602 is driven by a stepper motor 604, and the driving of the stepper motor 604 is controlled by the automobile ECU; including but not limited to providing a mounting bracket on the basis of the upper cover for installing the rotating shaft and the stepper motor.
  • each battery unit When multiple battery units are used in combination, each battery unit can form a series or parallel structure. When used in the field of electric vehicles or other fields that require higher voltages, the voltage can be increased through series connection. In the form of series connection The anodes and cathodes of each battery unit are electrically connected in series.
  • the casing 100 includes a plurality of arrays arranged adjacent to each other.
  • the rotating shafts of the passivated negative electrode rolls 204 corresponding to each casing 100 are driven synchronously through the same rotating shaft 603; the air supply passage 400 of each casing 100 includes a cathode and a negative electrode respectively. 300 corresponds to the air supply box 401.
  • the air supply box 401 is removably and fixedly installed above the cathode 300 and connected to the carbon fiber diffusion layer 302 for ventilation; each of the air supply boxes 401 is connected to the same air supply main pipe through an intermediate pipeline. 402.
  • the plasma generator 500 is installed at the air inlet of the main air supply pipe 402; in order to achieve sufficient air supply to the cathode, the cathode part corresponding to the upper cover of the casing is provided with a plug-in interface corresponding to the air supply box,
  • the insertion port forms a gap allowing air to enter between the carbon fiber diffusion layer and the inner wall of the housing, so that the air entering through the air supply box first enters the gap and then spreads transversely toward the carbon fiber diffusion layer evenly.
  • the plasma generator 500 includes a vent tube 501 connected to the air supply pipeline, and also includes a high-pressure plasma emitter located in the vent tube 501 to form an ionization effect on the air flowing through it.
  • an electrolyte replenishment system 700 is also included.
  • the electrolyte replenishment system 700 includes an electrolyte storage bin 701 located on the periphery of the battery case 100, and also includes an electrolyte replenishment system connected to the electrolyte storage space in the case 100.
  • the liquid replenishment pipeline also includes a supply electric metering pump 702 located between the electrolyte replenishment pipeline and the electrolyte storage bin 701; it also includes a liquid level sensor 703 located at the inner wall of each housing 100, and the liquid level sensor 703 is connected to
  • the control chip is electrically connected to the control chip, and the output pin of the control chip is electrically connected to the electric metering pump 702 through the motor drive circuit to realize the control path for electrolyte replenishment;
  • the control chip can be a single-chip microcomputer, and the metering pump is connected in parallel with Gravity return valve 704.
  • the present invention avoids the updating method of the traditional anode plate and can realize an uninterrupted power supply structure through a winding structure.
  • the above-mentioned realization structure is simple and reasonable, easy to produce and easy to operate, and uses two aluminum film rolls.
  • the cylinder and a steering cylinder cleverly control the aluminum film in and out of the electrolytic cell to achieve continuous transportation of the aluminum film; on the other hand, this plan proposes a cathode plate structure with a higher current density, through the three-dimensional connected structure of the cathode plate and carbon fiber diffusion
  • the layer realizes better contact and diffusion of oxygen, and this solution adds a plasma generator to the gas supply path of the cathode plate.
  • the plasma generator is used to ionize the air flowing through so that the oxygen is partially converted into ozone with stronger oxidation performance. This makes subsequent reactions easier to produce in order to generate higher current density; furthermore, this solution proposes an anode replacement that uses a stepper motor to drive multiple arrays at the same time. Its structure is simple and reasonable, and the battery module can be upgraded arbitrarily.
  • the quantity; furthermore, the electrolyte replenishment system in this solution can realize automatic replenishment of battery electrolyte through the liquid level sensor and control chip.
  • the above-mentioned electrolyte replenishment system and the control system of the stepper motor can be integrated into the ECU of the car.
  • the control system has good compatibility with existing cars and has achieved innovation in aluminum-air batteries.

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Abstract

本发明首先提供一种等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，以解决传统铝空气电池存在的，阳极金属铝容易被钝化影响后续反应的问题，还解决了传统铝空气由于空气电极造成的电池电流密度低的问题，包括用于盛放电解液的由绝缘材料制成的容器，所述容器包括壳体，所述容器内设置至少一组由金属制成的阳极，还包括将空气中的氧气均匀扩散至带有催化剂的反应界面的阴极，其特征在于，所述阴极包括空气供应通路，所述空气供应通路中的设定位置处设有等离子发生器，形成流经空气被等离子发生器部分或全部电离的结构。

Description

等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池
本申请要求以下中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。中国申请号：2022215583027，中国申请日：2022年06月21日，发明创造名称：等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池。
技术领域
本发明涉及铝空气电池，特别是涉及一种等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池。
背景技术
目前全球电动汽车产业发展的瓶颈是动力电池；虽然锂离子电池近年来发展极其迅速，已在全球电动汽车动力电池市场上占主导地位，但它却有于生俱来的难以克服的致命缺陷和弊端，即在电池的负极(石墨等材料)上锂原子堆积易形成树枝状的“锂技晶”，此晶体极易刺穿隔膜而使电池正负极连通短路，所产生的短路电流往往会使电池过热失控而造成起火燃烧或爆炸，轻则电池系统损坏，重则导致车毁人亡。
锂离子电池不单安全性差，而且它的单体很难以做大，故其难于满足电动汽车对大蓄电量的需求。一辆电动汽车的动力电池体系往往需几千只到几万只锂离子单体电池进行串并联，这导致电池管理系统的复杂性和不可靠性，而且，锂电池的正极活性物质材料特别是钴资源储量有限，其价位十年内已上涨十多倍，其性价比堪忧。
总之，锂离子电池的技术发展已经触摸到“天花板”阶段,其安全性已成为广大用户心存焦虑而又难以根治的“顽疾”或“癌症”。
如果能研发一种比锂电池既安全可靠，又经济耐用，而且性价比与燃油(如汽油)相当的动力电池，那么电动汽车就将克服“里程焦虑”而受到人们的欢迎而快速普及。因此，具有比锂离子电池比能量高好几倍，且性价比与燃油车相当的金属空气电池应运而生。
金属空气电池中，铝空气电池的理论比能量为8100wh/kg，目前实验室铝空气电池的实际能量密度可达到2500wh/kg，超过汽油的能量密度1700wh/kg。而且铝空气电池安全性极高，绝对不会发生“锂技晶”、“热 失控”等燃烧爆炸事故，另外，铝材料在地球上储量丰富来源广泛且廉价，所以说，我们要寻找的既安全可靠，又经济耐用、性价比与燃油汽车相当的动力电池就是铝空气电池。
然而，铝空气电池也有它的瓶颈和“软肋”，那就是负极板铝表面很快被氧化而生成一层质密地AL(OH) 3钝化膜，此钝化膜严重地阻碍了负极氧化反应的持续进行，故此大大降低了负极铝的电化学活性，直接导制铝空气电池的工作电压迅速，故其电池能量密度迅速下降。
中国发明专利：一种具有卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，专利申请号201821867502.4，授权公告日2019年05月10日，公开了一种采用卷绕式负极板的铝空气电池，通过负极板的卷绕实现对参与反应的负极板的更新和回收。但是上述方案中并未公开空气电池的正极结构，其中空气电池的电化学反应是发生在空气电极和点解液形成的固、液、气三相界面，所以他的电化学反应速度受到氧气从空气扩散进来的速度，以及在界面反应活性控制，因而如果要提高空气电池的放电电流密度，必须对上述情况加以考虑和改进。
发明内容
针对上述情况，为克服现有技术之缺陷，本发明首先提供一种等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，以解决传统铝空气电池存在的，阳极金属铝容易被钝化影响后续反应的问题，还解决了传统铝空气由于空气电极造成的电池电流密度低的问题。
其技术方案是，包括用于盛放电解液的由绝缘材料制成的容器，所述容器包括壳体，所述容器内设置至少一组由金属制成的阳极，还包括将空气中的氧气均匀扩散至带有催化剂的反应界面的阴极，其特征在于，所述阴极包括空气供应通路，所述空气供应通路中的设定位置处设有等离子发生器，形成流经空气被等离子发生器部分或全部电离的结构。
在上述或一些实施例中，包括板状的具有三维连通空隙的镀镍铜网，还包括附着并覆盖镀镍铜网的由碳纤维纺构成的带有空隙的碳纤维扩散层，所述碳纤维扩散层内掺杂石墨烯，形成电子流通的通道。
在上述或一些实施例中，所述镀镍铜网通包括由多个弯曲镀镍铜线线性阵列 形成的层状单元，各层状单元在水平方向间隔固定排布形成鱼鳃式的结构；所述碳纤维扩散层贴附固定安装于壳体的内壁。
在上述或一些实施例中，所述阳极由金属铝制成，所述阳极还包括用于承载金属铝的塑料导电基膜，所述塑料导电基膜由柔性导电材料制成，还包括置于壳体底部并与壳体转动连接的由绝缘非金属材料制成的转向辊轴，还包括位于壳体外侧上方的钝化前负极卷和钝化后负极卷，所述金属铝经塑料导电基膜缠绕在所述钝化前负极卷和钝化后负极卷上，并经过转向辊轴实现阳极的转向；所述钝化后负极卷传动连接有主动卷绕机构，形成经主动卷绕机构带动负极卷转动并更新位于壳体内阳极的结构。
在上述或一些实施例中，在同一壳体内阳极分别位于壳体的两侧壁处并与侧壁固定连接，所述阴极位于所述壳体的中部位置处。
在上述或一些实施例中，所述壳体上方盖合有上盖，所述上盖设有对应钝化前负极卷、钝化后负极卷的进入通道、离开通道，形成允许阳极进出的结构。
在上述或一些实施例中，所述塑料导电基膜由导电塑料制成，所述塑料导电基膜两侧边位置处设有阵列排布的传动孔，所述转向辊的两端位置处设有与传动孔啮合的传动轮。
在上述或一些实施例中，所述主动卷绕机构包括相互啮合的涡轮蜗杆机构，其中涡轮与所述钝化后负极卷转轴固定连接，其中蜗杆经转动轴带动，且所述蜗杆经步进电机带动。
在上述或一些实施例中，所述壳体包括多个相互紧邻阵列设置，各壳体所对应的钝化后负极卷转轴经同一转动轴带动同步驱动；各壳体的空气供应通路分别包括一与阴极对应的供气盒，所述供气盒活动可拆卸固定安装与所述阴极上方并与碳纤维扩散层通气连接；各所述供气盒通过中间管路连通同一供气主管，所述供气主管的进气口处安装所述等离子发生器。
在上述或一些实施例中，所述等离子发生器包括与供气管路相接的通气筒，还包括位于通气筒内的高压等离子发射头，形成对流经空气的电离作用。
在上述或一些实施例中，还包括电解液补充系统，所述电解液补充系统包括 位于电池壳体外围的电解液储存仓，还包括连通壳体内电解液储存空间的电解液补充管路，还包括位于电解液补充管路和电解液储存仓之前的供应电动计量泵；还包括位于各壳体内壁处的液位传感器，所述液位传感器与电性连接控制芯片，所述控制芯片的输出针脚通过电机驱动电路电性连接所述电动计量泵，实现对电解液补充的控制通路。
在上述或一些实施例中，所述控制芯片为单片机，所述计量泵并联有重力回流阀。
与传统铝空气电池中，本发明避免了传统阳极板的更新方式，可通过卷绕式的结构实现不间断供电结构，而且上述实现结构简单合理，易生产、易操作，通过两个铝膜卷筒和一个转向筒巧妙的控制铝膜进出电解槽，实现铝膜的连续输送；另一方面，本方案提出了一种电流密度更大的阴极板结构，通过阴极板的三维连通结构以及碳纤维扩散层实现了的氧气与更好的接触与扩散，而且本方案在阴极板的供气通路加入了等离子发生器，利用等离子发生器电离流经的空气使得氧气部分转化为氧化性能更强的臭氧，使其后续的反应更易于进行，以便产生更高的电流密度；再者，本方案提出了一种采用步进电机同时驱动多个阵列设置的阳极更换，其结构简单合理，可任意提升电池模块的数量；再者，本方案中电解液补充系统，可通过液位传感器以及控制芯片实现对电池电解液的自动补充，上述电解液补充系统以及步进电机的控制系统均可以并入汽车的ECU控制系统中，与现有汽车的兼容性较好，且实现了的铝空气电池上的创新。
附图说明
图1为是本发明一种实施例的实现结构图。
图2是本发明结构原理示意图。
图3为是本发明中单电池的原理示意图。
图4为本专利中电池的原理示意图。
图5为本专利中电池液供液原理图。
图6为图1中电池部分结构图。
图7为图1中另一电池部分结构图。
图8为图1中铝薄膜的传动更新结构图。
图9为本发明中供气通路的结构示意图。
图10为图6中A部分放大示意图。
图11为本发明中单电池的结构原理图。
图12为本发明中单电池的立体结构图。
图13为本发明中金属铝膜、塑料导电基膜的结构图。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图，对具体实施方式做进一步详细说明。
以下将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本领域普通技术人员将认识到的是，“上”、“下”、“外”、“内”等方位用语是针对于附图的描述用语，并不表示对所述权利要求限定的保护范围的限制。
本方案中公开的为铝空气电池，属于金属空气电池的一种，当然本方案并不限定仅采用金属铝作为阳极200，因此采用其他金属作为阳极200采用本方案结构，也落入本方案的保护范围。
单个电池单元包括由绝缘材料制成的壳体100，该材料包括但不限于工程塑料，其中壳体100形成用于盛放电解液和安装阳极200、阴极300的结构，本方案中电解液采用3.5％氯化钠溶液，其中电解液浓度的控制通过设置在壳体100内的钠离子浓度传感器进行感知，并通过电解液补充系统700中储存仓内的电解液进行补充和维持浓度，具体而言钠离子浓度传感器705、液位传感器703将电解液浓度和液位的变化转为电信号，该电信号处理后转化为数字信号，该数字信号与控制芯片中的预设的阈值进行比较进而由控制芯片判断是否启动计量泵，其中采用计量泵可通过运行时间获知其补充电解液的多少，进而通过启动时间控制补充的电解液量大小。
单个电池单元的壳体100中，包括位于两侧壁的阴极300板，其中阴极300板包括板状的具有三维连通空隙的镀镍铜网301，还包括附着并覆盖镀镍铜网301的由碳纤维纺构成的带有空隙的碳纤维扩散层302，所述碳纤维扩散层302 内掺杂石墨烯，形成电子流通的通道，所述镀镍铜网301通包括由多个弯曲镀镍铜线线性阵列形成的层状单元，各层状单元在水平方向间隔固定排布形成鱼鳃式的结构；所述碳纤维扩散层302贴附固定安装于壳体100的内壁。
单个电池单元的壳体100中，包括位于壳体100底部中心位置处的的阳极200，在上述或一些实施例中，所述阳极200由金属铝制成，所述阳极200还包括用于承载金属铝的塑料导电基膜201，所述塑料导电基膜201由柔性导电材料制成，还包括置于壳体100底部并与壳体100转动连接的由绝缘非金属材料包括但不限于陶瓷制成的转向辊轴207，还包括位于壳体100外侧上方的钝化前负极卷203和钝化后负极卷204，所述金属铝经塑料导电基膜201缠绕在所述钝化前负极卷203和钝化后负极卷204上，并经过转向辊轴207实现阳极200的转向；所述钝化后负极卷204传动连接有主动卷绕机构600，形成经主动卷绕机构600带动负极卷转动并更新位于壳体100内阳极200的结构。
钝化前负极卷203用于卷绕未参与反应的负极材料，钝化后负极卷204用于卷绕参与反应后的负极材料，其表面附着氢氧化铝；钝化前负极卷203、钝化后负极卷204分别对应设有转轴，其中铝膜通过粘结导电基膜形成的复合材料卷绕在相应的卷轴上，为了实现阳极的导电通路，所述转轴可设置部分导电部接触部分与导电基膜进行接触形成导电连通的结构，当连接负载时，通过导电部与电极形成导电接触。
当然地，所述壳体100上方盖合有上盖101，所述上盖101设有对应钝化前负极卷203、钝化后负极卷204的进入通道、离开通道，形成允许阳极200进出的结构；其中参与反应后的阳极表面会附着疏松的氢氧化铝，因此其离开通道的宽度应略大于带有氢氧化铝的导电基膜的厚度。
在上述或一些实施例中，所述塑料导电基膜201由导电塑料制成，所述塑料导电基膜201两侧边位置处设有阵列排布的传动孔205，所述转向辊207的两端位置处设有与传动孔205啮合的传动轮206；位于导电基膜上的传动孔为均匀设置，可利用其间隔准确控制阳极以一定速度卷绕。
在上述或一些实施例中，所述主动卷绕机构600包括相互啮合的涡轮蜗杆机 构，其中涡轮601与所述钝化后负极卷204转轴固定连接，其中蜗杆602经转动轴603带动，且所述蜗杆602经步进电机604带动，步进电机604的驱动依靠汽车ECU进行控制；包括但不限于在上盖的基础上设置安装架，用于安装转动轴、步进电机。
当多个电池单元组合使用时，各电池单元可形成串联或者并联的结构，在用于电动汽车领域或者其他一些需要电压较高的领域可通过串联的方式实现电压的升高，串联的形式下各电池单元的阳极、阴极以串联方式电性连接。所述壳体100包括多个相互紧邻阵列设置，各壳体100所对应的钝化后负极卷204转轴经同一转动轴603带动同步驱动；各壳体100的空气供应通路400分别包括一与阴极300对应的供气盒401，所述供气盒401活动可拆卸固定安装与所述阴极300上方并与碳纤维扩散层302通气连接；各所述供气盒401通过中间管路连通同一供气主管402，所述供气主管402的进气口处安装所述等离子发生器500；为了实现对阴极的充足供气，其中壳体的上盖对应的阴极部分设有对应供气盒的插接口，所述插接口使得碳纤维扩散层与所述壳体的内壁之间形成容许空气进入的缝隙，以便于通过供气盒进入的空气首先进入缝隙然后横向向碳纤维扩散层均匀扩散的结构。
在上述或一些实施例中，所述等离子发生器500包括与供气管路相接的通气筒501，还包括位于通气筒501内的高压等离子发射头，形成对流经空气的电离作用。
在上述或一些实施例中，还包括电解液补充系统700，所述电解液补充系统700包括位于电池壳体100外围的电解液储存仓701，还包括连通壳体100内电解液储存空间的电解液补充管路，还包括位于电解液补充管路和电解液储存仓701之间的供应电动计量泵702；还包括位于各壳体100内壁处的液位传感器703，所述液位传感器703与电性连接控制芯片，所述控制芯片的输出针脚通过电机驱动电路电性连接所述电动计量泵702，实现对电解液补充的控制通路；所述控制芯片可采用单片机，所述计量泵并联有重力回流阀704。
与传统铝空气电池中，本发明避免了传统阳极板的更新方式，可通过卷绕式 的结构实现不间断供电结构，而且上述实现结构简单合理，易生产、易操作，通过两个铝膜卷筒和一个转向筒巧妙的控制铝膜进出电解槽，实现铝膜的连续输送；另一方面，本方案提出了一种电流密度更大的阴极板结构，通过阴极板的三维连通结构以及碳纤维扩散层实现了的氧气与更好的接触与扩散，而且本方案在阴极板的供气通路加入了等离子发生器，利用等离子发生器电离流经的空气使得氧气部分转化为氧化性能更强的臭氧，使其后续的反应更易于进行，以便产生更高的电流密度；再者，本方案提出了一种采用步进电机同时驱动多个阵列设置的阳极更换，其结构简单合理，可任意提升电池模块的数量；再者，本方案中电解液补充系统，可通过液位传感器以及控制芯片实现对电池电解液的自动补充，上述电解液补充系统以及步进电机的控制系统均可以并入汽车的ECU控制系统中，与现有汽车的兼容性较好，且实现了的铝空气电池上的创新。

Claims (10)

  1. 等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，包括用于盛放电解液的由绝缘材料制成的容器，所述容器包括壳体(100)，所述容器内设置至少一组由金属制成的阳极(200)，还包括将空气中的氧气均匀扩散至带有催化剂的反应界面的阴极(300)，其特征在于，所述阴极(300)包括空气供应通路(400)，所述空气供应通路(400)中的设定位置处设有等离子发生器(500)，形成流经空气被等离子发生器(500)部分或全部电离的结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，其特征在于，所述阴极包括板状的具有三维连通空隙的镀镍铜网(301)，还包括附着并覆盖镀镍铜网(301)的由碳纤维纺构成的带有空隙的碳纤维扩散层(302)，所述碳纤维扩散层(302)内掺杂石墨烯，形成电子流通的通道。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，其特征在于，所述镀镍铜网(301)通包括由多个弯曲镀镍铜线线性阵列形成的层状单元，各层状单元在水平方向间隔固定排布形成鱼鳃式的结构；所述碳纤维扩散层(302)贴附固定安装于壳体(100)的内壁。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，其特征在于，所述阳极(200)包括由金属铝制成金属铝膜(208)，所述阳极(200)还包括用于承载金属铝的塑料导电基膜(201)，所述塑料导电基膜(201)由柔性导电材料制成，还包括置于壳体(100)底部并与壳体(100)转动连接的由绝缘非金属材料制成的转向辊轴(207)，还包括位于壳体(100)外侧上方的钝化前负极卷(203)和钝化后负极卷(204)，所述金属铝经塑料导电基膜(201)缠绕在所述钝化前负极卷(203)和钝化后负极卷(204)上，并经过转向辊轴(207)实现阳极(200)的转向；所述钝化后负极卷(204)传动连接有主动卷绕机构(600)，形成经主动卷绕机构(600)带动负极卷转动并更新位于壳体(100)内阳极(200)的结构。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，其特征在于，在同一壳体(100)内阳极(200)分别位于壳体(100)的两侧壁处并与侧壁固定连接，所述阴极(300)位于所述壳体(100)的中部位置处。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，其特征在于，所述壳体(100)上方盖合有上盖(101)，所述上盖(101)设有对应钝化前负极卷(203)、钝化后负极卷(204)的进入通道、离开通道，形成允许阳极(200)进出的结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，其特征在于，所述塑料导电基膜(201)由导电塑料制成，所述塑料导电基膜(201)两侧边位置处设有阵列排布的传动孔(205)，所述转向辊(207)的两端位置处设有与传动孔(205)啮合的传动轮(206)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，其特征在于，所述主动卷绕机构(600)包括相互啮合的涡轮蜗杆机构，其中涡轮(601)与所述钝化后负极卷(204)转轴固定连接，其中蜗杆(602)经转动轴(603)带动，且所述蜗杆(602)经步进电机(604)带动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，其特征在于，所述壳体(100)包括多个相互紧邻阵列设置，各壳体(100)所对应的钝化后负极卷(204)转轴经同一转动轴(603)带动同步驱动；各壳体(100)的空气供应通路(400)分别包括一与阴极(300)对应的供气盒(401)，所述供气盒(401)活动可拆卸固定安装与所述阴极(300)上方并与碳纤维扩散层(302)通气连接；各所述供气盒(401)通过中间管路连通同一供气主管(402)，所述供气主管(402)的进气口处安装所述等离子发生器(500)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池，其特征在于，所述等离子发生器(500)包括与供气管路相接的通气筒(501)，还包括位于通气筒(501)内的高压等离子发射头，形成对流经空气的电离作用。
PCT/CN2022/105711 2022-06-21 2022-07-14 等离子进空气卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池 WO2023245778A1 (zh)

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1338125A (zh) * 1999-01-26 2002-02-27 高密度能量公司 用于空气－金属电池组的催化空气阴极
CN105308783A (zh) * 2013-05-15 2016-02-03 智慧能量有限公司 用于燃料电池的冷却系统
CN106252688A (zh) * 2016-08-05 2016-12-21 江苏河海新能源股份有限公司 一种燃料电池装置
CN208848937U (zh) * 2018-11-14 2019-05-10 李勇 一种具有卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1338125A (zh) * 1999-01-26 2002-02-27 高密度能量公司 用于空气－金属电池组的催化空气阴极
CN105308783A (zh) * 2013-05-15 2016-02-03 智慧能量有限公司 用于燃料电池的冷却系统
CN106252688A (zh) * 2016-08-05 2016-12-21 江苏河海新能源股份有限公司 一种燃料电池装置
CN208848937U (zh) * 2018-11-14 2019-05-10 李勇 一种具有卷绕式进出负极板的铝空气电池

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