WO2023245489A1 - 电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023245489A1
WO2023245489A1 PCT/CN2022/100393 CN2022100393W WO2023245489A1 WO 2023245489 A1 WO2023245489 A1 WO 2023245489A1 CN 2022100393 W CN2022100393 W CN 2022100393W WO 2023245489 A1 WO2023245489 A1 WO 2023245489A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
metal
electrical connection
tab
battery
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Application number
PCT/CN2022/100393
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚明高
Original Assignee
东莞新能德科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 东莞新能德科技有限公司 filed Critical 东莞新能德科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/100393 priority Critical patent/WO2023245489A1/zh
Priority to CN202280005945.5A priority patent/CN116134676A/zh
Publication of WO2023245489A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023245489A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/519—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising printed circuit boards [PCB]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of batteries, and in particular, to a battery and electrical equipment.
  • secondary batteries such as lithium-ion batteries are widely used in mobile phones, phone watches, headphones, electric vehicles, smart storage devices, drones and other electrical equipment middle.
  • lithium-ion batteries In order to avoid problems such as overcharge, over-discharge, and short circuit in the battery, lithium-ion batteries usually have protective plates connected to the cell tabs.
  • the welding method of the protective plate and the tabs is as follows: first, two L-shaped nickel sheets are mounted and welded on the protective plate, and then the L-shaped nickel sheet is welded to the tabs and through processes such as bending and film pasting to form a battery. .
  • This method of electrical connection of batteries is costly, complex, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and is not conducive to reducing production costs.
  • welding nickel sheets will also increase the overall dimensions of the finished battery, which is not conducive to improving the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • the purpose of this disclosure is to provide a battery and electrical equipment to help reduce production costs and improve battery performance and volumetric energy density.
  • a first aspect of the present disclosure proposes a battery, including: a battery core, the battery core includes an electrode assembly and a tab connected to the electrode assembly; a protective plate, the protective plate includes an electrical connection layer, the electrical connection layer It includes an electrical connection part, the electrical connection part includes a first connection layer and a second connection layer connected to the first connection layer, the first connection layer includes a first metal, and the second connection layer includes a second connection layer.
  • Metal the melting point of the second metal is greater than or equal to the melting point of the first metal, and the tab is welded to the second connection layer.
  • the tabs of the battery core are directly welded to the protective plate to achieve electrical connection, without the need for transfer welding through nickel sheets.
  • a second connection layer is formed on the first connection layer so that the tabs can be directly welded to the second connection layer.
  • the type of the second metal of the second connection layer can also be flexibly set.
  • the second metal of the second connection layer can be a metal with better welding performance to the material of the tab, so that the second connection layer and the tab are The welding difficulty is reduced and the reliability is improved.
  • the tabs can be easily and firmly welded to the second connection layer, and the strength of the welded part also meets the performance requirements of the battery, and is not prone to welding corrosion, weak welding, brittle fracture and other poor welding conditions.
  • the present disclosure can reduce the process flow and reduce the cost while ensuring the welding performance, which is beneficial to improving the battery performance and reducing the temperature rise.
  • eliminating the nickel sheet will also help reduce the size of the battery, which will in turn help increase the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • it is also helpful to reduce the impedance of the circuit reduce the power consumption of the battery during use, reduce the generation of heat, and increase the battery usage time, which in turn helps improve the battery life and user experience.
  • the difference between the melting point of the second metal and the melting point of the first metal is less than or equal to 100°C. In this way, the melting points of the second metal and the first metal are relatively close, which is beneficial to improving the welding performance of the two and reducing the difficulty of forming a composite layer structure.
  • the tabs include first tabs and second tabs, the material of the first tabs includes a third metal, and the melting point of the first metal is greater than the third metal. melting point.
  • the third metal of the first tab and the second metal of the second connection layer of the electrical connection part can be made of two metals with better welding performance, which is beneficial to improve Welding performance between the first tab and the electrical connection.
  • the material of the second tab includes a second metal or a combination of the second metal and the first metal.
  • the second metal of the second tab or the combination of the second metal and the first metal is in direct contact with the second connection layer of the electrical connection part. Since the second tab The melting point of the second connection layer is the same as or similar to that of the electrical connection part, so that the second tab and the protective plate can be effectively welded together.
  • the electrical connection portion includes a first electrical connection portion and a second electrical connection portion, each of the first electrical connection portion and the second electrical connection portion includes a first connection layer and a connection layer. on the second connection layer of the first connection layer.
  • the electrical connection part includes a first electrical connection part and a second electrical connection part, both of which are composite layer structures.
  • the first pole tab and the second pole tab can be directly welded correspondingly to the first electrical connection part and the second electrical connection part respectively, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the protection plate and the pole tab.
  • the first metal includes copper
  • the second metal includes nickel or a nickel-containing alloy
  • the third metal includes aluminum.
  • This embodiment can eliminate the nickel sheet while ensuring the welding performance, thereby reducing the process flow and cost, which is beneficial to improving battery performance.
  • it is also beneficial to reduce the size of the battery which in turn helps to increase the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • it is also helpful to reduce the impedance of the circuit reduce the power consumption of the battery during use, reduce the generation of heat, and increase the battery usage time, which in turn helps improve the battery life and user experience.
  • the protection board further includes:
  • At least one circuit layer the at least one circuit layer is provided on one side of the base substrate;
  • a metal isolation layer is provided on a side of the circuit layer away from the base substrate, the electrical connection layer is provided on a side of the metal isolation plate away from the circuit layer, the circuit The circuits on the layer pass through the through holes on the metal isolation layer and are connected to the first electrical connection part and the second electrical connection part;
  • a first flame retardant layer is provided on a side of the electrical connection layer away from the metal insulation layer.
  • a hollow area is provided on the first flame retardant layer. The hollow area is used for exposing the electrical connection;
  • a second flame retardant layer is provided on the other side of the base substrate.
  • This embodiment illustrates the specific structure of the protective plate.
  • a metal isolation layer is also provided between the electrical connection layer and the circuit layer.
  • the material of the metal insulating layer includes at least one of copper, aluminum, nickel, copper-containing alloys, aluminum-containing alloys, and nickel-containing alloys. In this way, it is helpful to reduce the types of metal materials and reduce production costs.
  • the metal isolation layer includes first isolation portions arranged at intervals, and an orthographic projection of the first isolation portion on the electrical connection layer covers the electrical connection portion. This arrangement is beneficial to directly blocking the welding energy at the electrical connection part, thereby improving the welding safety and avoiding damage to the circuit layer of the protection board.
  • the metal isolation layer further includes a second isolation part, an edge of the second isolation part is flush with an edge of the circuit layer, and a through hole is provided on the second isolation part. hole, the first isolation part is disposed in the through hole.
  • the second isolation part is arranged around the outside of the first isolation part, so that the second isolation part and the first isolation part are combined into a layer structure with the same plane size as the circuit layer, which is beneficial to increasing the distance between the metal isolation layer and other layer structures.
  • Contact area thereby balancing the geometric structure of the protective plate, reducing stress caused by changes in temperature and humidity, and preventing distortion and warping during the process.
  • the overall thickness of the metal insulation layer is kept uniform, which is beneficial to improving the flatness of the protective board.
  • this structure can also improve the heat distribution and heat dissipation performance of the protective board.
  • the tab includes a bent portion, and the electrical connection portion is connected to the bent portion. In this way, it is beneficial to reduce the space occupied by the tab and the protective plate after welding, and is beneficial to improving the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • the first tab and the second tab are straight tabs.
  • the pole tabs can be welded to the protective plate without bending, which on the one hand is beneficial to reducing the space occupied by the two and on the other hand is beneficial to reducing the probability of the pole tabs breaking due to bending.
  • the hollow area on the first flame retardant layer includes:
  • the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the surface of the protective plate. This setting is helpful to ensure the strength of the protective board on the one hand.
  • the position of the first flame retardant layer opposite to the tab is also a hollow area, so that when the tab is welded to the electrical connection part, the tab will not be interfered by the thickness of the flame retardant layer in the non-welded area, reducing the risk. The probability of ear warping is reduced, which in turn facilitates welding and improves welding reliability.
  • the welding method of the first tab and the first electrical connection part is laser welding
  • the welding method of the second tab and the second electrical connection part is laser welding.
  • Laser welding has the advantages of fast heating speed, high power density, fast welding speed, and small welding stress and deformation, which is beneficial to improving the welding effect.
  • the solder joints between the tabs and the electrical connection part form a preset pattern
  • the preset pattern is a circular array, a spiral array, a plurality of spaced apart straight lines, a plurality of One of the curves and zigzag lines arranged at intervals.
  • Specific welding methods can be used to weld the tabs and electrical connections, so that the solder joints can form a variety of different patterns.
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure provides an electrical device, including the battery described in the first aspect.
  • the present disclosure can reduce process flow and cost while ensuring welding performance, thereby helping to improve battery performance.
  • eliminating the nickel sheet will also help reduce the size of the battery, which will in turn help increase the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • it is also helpful to reduce the impedance of the circuit reduce the power consumption of the battery during use, reduce the generation of heat, and increase the battery usage time, which in turn helps improve the battery life and user experience.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the stacked structure of the protective plate according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic exploded structural view of the protective plate according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective plate and a battery core after welding according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 5 is another structural schematic diagram after welding the protective plate and the battery core according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the first flame retardant layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery core and the protective plate after welding according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the preset pattern of the battery shown in FIG. 7 .
  • 10-battery 100-cell; 110-electrode assembly; 120-pole lug; 200-protection plate; 210-electrical connection layer; 220-electrical connection part; 220a-first electrical connection part; 220b-second electrical connection 221-first connection layer; 222-second connection layer; 121-first tab; 122-second tab; 230-substrate; 240-circuit layer; 240a-first circuit layer; 240b- Second circuit layer; 250-metal insulation layer; 260-first flame retardant layer; 270-second flame retardant layer; 251-first isolation part; 252-second isolation part; 2521-through hole; 1211-bending F-preset pattern; F1-circle array; F2-spiral array; F3-multiple spaced straight lines; F4-multiple spaced curves; F5-reflective line.
  • spatially relative terms such as “on,” etc., may be used herein for convenience to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device or device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the diagram is turned over, features described as “above” or “on” other features or features would then be oriented “below” or “beneath” the other features or features. Thus, the exemplary term “upper” may include both upper and lower directions. It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc.
  • a first aspect of the present disclosure provides a battery 10 .
  • the battery 10 includes a battery cell 100 and a protective plate 200 .
  • the battery core 100 includes an electrode assembly 110 and tabs 120 connected to the electrode assembly 110 .
  • the protection board 200 includes an electrical connection layer 210.
  • the electrical connection layer 210 includes an electrical connection part 220.
  • the electrical connection part 220 includes a first connection layer 221 and a second connection layer 222 connected to the first connection layer 221.
  • the first connection layer 221 includes The first metal
  • the second connection layer 222 includes a second metal
  • the melting point of the second metal is greater than or equal to the melting point of the first metal
  • the tab 120 is welded to the second connection layer 222 .
  • the battery core 100 includes an electrode assembly 110 and a tab 120 connected to the electrode assembly 110 .
  • the electrode assembly 110 is the component in the battery where electrochemical reactions occur to generate electrical energy.
  • the battery core 100 further includes a casing for placing the electrode assembly 110, and the casing may be an aluminum-plastic film.
  • the electrode assembly 110 is located inside the aluminum-plastic film casing.
  • the tabs 120 are connected to the electrode assembly 110 and then extend out of the aluminum-plastic film casing, and are sealed and packaged with it.
  • the electrode assembly 110 may be formed by winding or stacking positive and negative electrode sheets.
  • the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet may include portions containing active materials, and the portions containing active materials may together constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 110 .
  • the active material of the positive electrode sheet can generally be LiCoO2, etc.
  • the active material of the negative electrode sheet can generally be graphite, etc.
  • the tab 120 is connected to the electrode assembly 110.
  • the tab 120 is a positive tab or a negative tab connected to the positive electrode piece or the negative electrode piece in the electrode assembly 110.
  • the material of the pole tab 120 may include at least one of aluminum (Al) or an aluminum alloy.
  • the material of the pole tab 120 may include nickel ( At least one of Ni), copper (Cu) or copper nickel plating (Ni-Cu).
  • the electrode assembly 110 may further include a separator between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the separator is a porous plastic film. Commonly used materials include polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), copolymers of propylene and ethylene, and polyethylene homopolymers.
  • the protective plate 200 and the tab 120 are connected by welding.
  • the protection board 200 is an integrated circuit board used to protect the battery 10, and is specifically used to reduce the probability of overcharge, overdischarge, or circuit breakage of the battery.
  • the protection plate 200 includes an electrical connection layer 210 , which is a layer structure in the protection plate 200 that is electrically connected to the tab 120 .
  • the protection board 200 also includes other layer structures besides the electrical connection layer 210, such as a flame retardant layer.
  • the electrical connection layer 210 includes an electrical connection part 220 , and the electrical connection part 220 is a part that is directly welded to the tab 120 .
  • the electrical connection part 220 includes a first connection layer 221 and a second connection layer 222 connected to the first connection layer 221.
  • the tab 120 overlaps the second connection layer 222 and is welded to the first connection layer 221 through the second connection layer 222. together. That is, the electrical connection part 220 has a composite layer structure, the second connection layer 222 can be formed on the surface of the first connection layer 221 by electroplating, deposition, sputtering, etc., and the tab 120 is welded to the second connection part 220, thereby achieving Electrical connection to protection board 200.
  • the second connection layer 222 and the first connection layer 221 are respectively formed of different materials.
  • the melting point of the first metal in the first connection layer 221 is less than or equal to the melting point of the second metal of the second connection layer 222 .
  • the present disclosure designs a technical solution for electrical connection between the tab 120 and the protection plate 200 . That is, the tabs 120 of the battery core 100 are directly welded to the protection plate 200 to achieve electrical connection, without the need for transfer welding through nickel sheets.
  • the electrical connection part 220 welded to the tab 120 has a composite metal layer structure, the first metal forms the first connection layer 221, and the second metal forms the second connection layer 222. This arrangement allows the tab 120 to directly overlap the second connection layer 222 and be welded to the second connection layer and the first connection layer through the second connection layer.
  • the melting point of the second metal of the second connection layer 222 is higher than or equal to the melting point of the first metal of the first connection layer 221 .
  • the second connection layer 222 is formed on the first connection layer 221 so that the tab 120 can be directly welded to the protection plate 200 through the second connection layer 222 and the first connection layer 221 without using an L-shaped nickel sheet.
  • the type of the second metal of the second connection layer 222 can also be flexibly set.
  • the second metal of the second connection layer 222 can be a metal with better welding performance to the material of the tab 120, so that the second connection layer The welding difficulty of 222 and the tab 120 is reduced, and the welding reliability is improved.
  • the tab 120 can be welded to the second connection layer 222 relatively easily and firmly, and the strength of the welded part also meets the performance requirements of the battery, and is not prone to brittle fracture.
  • the present disclosure can reduce process flow and cost while ensuring welding performance, thereby helping to improve battery performance.
  • eliminating the nickel sheet will also help reduce the size of the battery, which will in turn help increase the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • the difference between the melting point of the second metal and the melting point of the first metal is less than or equal to 100°C. In this way, the melting points of the second metal and the first metal are relatively close, which is beneficial to improving the welding performance of the two and reducing the difficulty of forming a composite layer structure.
  • the tab 120 includes a first tab 121 and a second tab 122 .
  • the material of the first tab 121 includes a third metal, and the melting point of the first metal is greater than that of the third metal. Melting points of three metals.
  • the first tab 121 may be a positive tab of the battery.
  • the material of the first tab 121 includes a third metal, and the melting point of the third metal is lower than the melting point of the first metal.
  • the third metal of the first tab 121 and the second metal of the second connection layer 222 of the electrical connection portion 220 can be two metals with better welding performance.
  • the first tab 121 may be made of aluminum, and the second connection layer 222 may be made of nickel or nickel-containing alloy material. In this way, it is helpful to improve the welding performance.
  • the third metal melts, the temperature is lower than the melting point of the first metal, which is beneficial to reducing the probability that the first connection layer 221 formed of the first metal will melt simultaneously due to excessive temperature during welding, thereby improving the first connection layer 221 .
  • the material of the second tab 122 includes a second metal or a combination of the second metal and the first metal.
  • the material of the second tab 122 can be nickel or nickel-plated copper material.
  • the second metal of the second tab 122 is connected to the third metal of the electrical connection part 220 .
  • the two connection layers 222 are in direct contact. Since the second metal of the second tab 122 and the second metal of the second connection layer 222 of the electrical connection part 220 have the same or similar melting point, the second tab 122 and the protection plate 200 can be effectively welded. together.
  • the material of the second tab 122 is the same as the material of the first connection layer 221 , which also helps to reduce the types of materials, thereby helping to reduce the production cost.
  • the electrical connection part 220 includes a first electrical connection part 220a and a second electrical connection part 220b, and both the first electrical connection part 220a and the second electrical connection part 220b include a third electrical connection part.
  • the electrical connection part 220 includes a first electrical connection part 220a and a second electrical connection part 220b, and both the first electrical connection part 220a and the second electrical connection part 220b have a composite layer structure.
  • the first tab 121 and the second tab 122 may be directly welded correspondingly to the first electrical connection part 220a and the second electrical connection part 220b respectively.
  • first tab 121 can be welded to the first electrical connection part 220a, and the second tab 122 can be welded to the second electrical connection part 220b; or, the first tab 121 can be welded to the second electrical connection part 220b,
  • the second tab 122 may be welded to the first electrical connection part 220a, which is not limited in this application. In this way, the electrical connection between the protection plate 200 and the tab 120 can be achieved.
  • the first metal includes copper
  • the second metal includes nickel or a nickel-containing alloy
  • the third metal includes aluminum
  • the three materials are specifically: copper (first metal), nickel or nickel-containing alloy (second metal), and aluminum (third metal).
  • the melting point of nickel or nickel-containing alloy is greater than the melting point of copper
  • the melting point of copper is greater than the melting point of aluminum.
  • the metal properties of the two are quite different, resulting in poor welding performance and greater difficulty. Even if it can be welded, the material formed after welding is relatively brittle and prone to cracks, corrosion, and fractures. Ultimately, it is difficult to meet the production needs of batteries.
  • the electrical connection part 220 has a composite metal layer structure
  • the first connection layer 221 is a copper layer
  • the second connection layer 222 is a nickel or nickel-containing alloy layer.
  • the material of the first tab 121 is aluminum
  • the material of the second tab 122 is nickel or copper-plated nickel alloy.
  • the welding performance between the aluminum material of the first tab 121 and the nickel (and nickel-containing alloy) material of the second connecting layer 222 is better.
  • the nickel or copper-plated nickel alloy material of the second tab 122 and the second The nickel (and nickel-containing alloy) materials of the connection layer 222 have better welding performance. Both the first tab 121 and the second tab 122 can be easily and firmly welded directly to the second connection layer 222, and the welding performance is better.
  • the strength of the resulting welded part also meets the performance requirements of the battery 10 and is not prone to brittle fracture or poor welding. Therefore, this embodiment can eliminate the nickel sheet while ensuring the welding performance, thereby reducing the process flow and cost, thereby helping to improve battery performance. In addition, it is also beneficial to reduce the size of the battery, which in turn helps to increase the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • the protection plate 200 further includes a base substrate 230 , at least one circuit layer 240 , a metal insulation layer 250 , a first flame retardant layer 260 and a second flame retardant layer 250 . Burning layer 270.
  • At least one circuit layer 240 is disposed on one side of the base substrate 230 , the metal insulation layer 250 is disposed on the side of the circuit layer 240 away from the base substrate 230 , and the electrical connection layer 210 is disposed on the side of the metal insulation layer 250 away from the circuit layer 240 On one side, the circuits on the circuit layer 240 pass through the through holes on the metal isolation layer 250 and are connected to the first electrical connection part 220a and the second electrical connection part 220b.
  • the first flame retardant layer 260 is disposed on a side of the electrical connection layer 210 away from the metal insulation layer 250 .
  • the first flame retardant layer 260 is provided with a hollow area, and the hollow area is used to expose the electrical connection part 220 .
  • the second flame retardant layer 270 is provided on the other side of the base substrate 230 .
  • the protection board 200 usually includes a hard PCB printed circuit board, a soft PFC flexible circuit board, a soft-hard board combining PCB and FPC, etc.
  • the base substrate 230 is the base of the protection board 200, and is usually provided with a plurality of via holes on it.
  • the circuit layer 240 is a layer structure with circuit patterns, and the circuit layer 240 is a basic structure used to realize different functions of the protection board 200 .
  • a protection board 200 as shown in Figure 2, there can usually be one circuit layer 240, or, as shown in Figure 3, there can be two circuit layers, a first circuit layer 240a and a second circuit layer 240b; or, there can be With more layers of line layers.
  • the electrical connection layer 210 is also the layer structure used to connect to the tab 120 as mentioned above.
  • the first flame retardant layer 260 and the second flame retardant layer 270 are respectively located on both sides of the base substrate 230.
  • the flame retardant layer is used to block heat conduction and play a flame retardant role.
  • a metal isolation layer 250 is also provided between the electrical connection layer 210 and the circuit layer 240 .
  • the material of the metal insulating layer 250 includes at least one of copper, aluminum, nickel, copper-containing alloy, aluminum-containing alloy, and nickel-containing alloy. In this way, it is helpful to reduce the types of metal materials and reduce production costs. It is easy to understand that the material of the metal insulating layer 250 can also be other common metal materials such as iron, zinc, etc., as long as it has a certain strength and can prevent the circuit layer from being soldered through.
  • the metal isolation layer 250 includes first isolation portions 251 arranged at intervals, and the orthographic projection of the first isolation portions 251 on the electrical connection layer 210 covers the electrical connection portions. 220.
  • the first isolation part 251 and the electrical connection part 220 are arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the protection plate 200 , and the electrical connection part 220 is a welding part. This arrangement is conducive to direct the energy of the welding at the electrical connection part 220 . barrier, thereby improving welding safety and avoiding damage to the circuit layer 240 of the protection board 200 .
  • the metal isolation layer 250 further includes a second isolation portion 252 .
  • the edge of the second isolation portion 252 is flush with the edge of the circuit layer 240 .
  • a through hole 2521 is provided, and the first isolation part 251 is provided in the through hole 2521.
  • the metal insulation layer 250 of this embodiment includes a second insulation part 252 and a first insulation part 251 that are independent of each other.
  • the first isolation part 251 is used to directly block the welding energy, which is beneficial to improving welding safety.
  • the edge of the second isolation part 252 is flush with the edge of the circuit layer 240 , and the first isolation part 251 is placed in the through hole 2521 .
  • the second isolation part 252 is arranged around the outside of the first isolation part 251, so that the second isolation part 252 and the first isolation part 251 are combined into a layer structure with the same plane size as the circuit layer 240, which is conducive to increasing the metal content.
  • the contact area between the isolation layer 250 and other layer structures balances the geometric structure of the protection plate 200, reduces stress caused by changes in temperature and humidity, and prevents distortion and warping during the process.
  • the overall thickness of the metal insulation layer 250 is kept uniform, which is beneficial to improving the flatness of the protection plate 200 .
  • the second isolation part 252 and the first isolation part 251 may be provided with the same thickness, which is beneficial to further improving the flatness of the protection plate 200 .
  • this structure can also improve the heat distribution and heat dissipation performance of the protection plate 200 .
  • the tab 120 includes a bent portion 1211 , and the electrical connection portion 220 is connected to the bent portion 1211 .
  • the pole tab 120 is bent to form a bent portion 1211, and the electrical connection portion 220 is connected to the bent portion 1211. In this way, it is beneficial to reduce the space volume occupied by the tab 120 and the protective plate 200 after welding, and is beneficial to improving the volumetric energy density of the battery 10 .
  • the first tab 121 and the second tab 122 are straight tabs 120 . That is, the first tab 121 and the second tab 122 are pre-cut to a preset length. In this way, the pole tab 120 can be welded to the protection plate 200 without bending, which on the one hand is beneficial to reducing the space occupied by the two, and on the other hand is beneficial to reducing the probability of the pole tab 120 breaking due to bending. .
  • the hollow area on the first flame retardant layer 260 includes: an area A opposite to the first electrical connection portion 220a in the first direction; The area B opposite to the second electrical connection part 220b; the area C opposite to the first tab 121 in the first direction; and the area D opposite to the second tab 122 in the first direction.
  • the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the surface of the protective plate 200 , that is, the first direction is the direction Z in FIG. 6 .
  • the length direction of the first flame retardant layer 260 is defined as the second direction X
  • the width direction of the first flame retardant layer 260 is defined as the third direction Y
  • the directions X, Y, and Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first flame retardant layer 260 functions to block heat conduction and can also improve the strength of the protective plate 200 .
  • a hollow area is provided on the flame retardant layer 260.
  • the hollow area includes area A and area B respectively opposite to the first electrical connection part 220a and the second electrical connection part 220b in the first direction Z, that is, the first electrical connection part 220a and the second electrical connection part 220b.
  • the two electrical connection parts 220b are exposed and not blocked by the flame retardant layer 260, which is beneficial to improving the welding reliability of the first electrical connection part 220a and the second electrical connection part 220b.
  • the hollow area also includes areas opposite to the first tab 121 and the second tab 122 respectively in the first direction Z. That is to say, when the first tab 121 and the second tab 122 are welded to the first electrical connection part 220a and the second electrical connection part 220b respectively, except where the first electrical connection part 220a and the second electrical connection part 220b are located,
  • the areas C and D corresponding to the orthographic projection of the first tab 121 and the second tab 122 on the flame retardant layer 260 are also hollow areas.
  • the orthographic projection of the first electrical connection part 220a on the flame retardant layer 260 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first tab 121 or the second tab 122 on the flame retardant layer 260; correspondingly, the second electrical connection
  • the orthographic projection of the portion 220 b on the flame retardant layer 260 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second tab 122 or the first tab 121 on the flame retardant layer 260 .
  • This arrangement helps ensure the strength of the protection plate 200 on the one hand.
  • the position of the first flame retardant layer 260 opposite to the tab is also a hollow area (region C and D), so that when the tab and the electrical connection part 220 are welded, the tab and the electrical connection part 220 are in the third position. There is no flame retardant layer between the two ends in direction Y, and the tab will not be interfered by the thickness of the flame retardant layer in the non-welding area, reducing the probability of tab warping, which in turn facilitates welding and improves welding reliability.
  • the welding method of the first tab 121 and the first electrical connection part 220a is laser welding
  • the welding method of the second tab 122 and the second electrical connection part 220b is laser welding
  • the first tab 121 is electrically connected to the first electrical connection part 220a
  • the second tab 122 is electrically connected to the second electrical connection part 220b
  • the electrical connection method is laser welding.
  • Laser welding has the advantages of fast heating speed, high power density, fast welding speed, and small welding stress and deformation.
  • the laser beam is easy to control, so that the second connection layer 222 and the tab 120 form a specific molten pool, which is beneficial to improving the welding effect, so that the welded part formed after welding meets the performance requirements of the battery 10 .
  • a specific welding method can be used for welding the tab 120 and the electrical connection portion 220, so that the welding spots can form a variety of different patterns.
  • the solder joints between the tab 120 and the electrical connection part 220 form a preset pattern F, and the preset pattern F is a circular array F1, a spiral line One of the array F2, a plurality of spaced-apart straight lines F3, a plurality of spaced-apart curves F4, or a meander line F5.
  • a second aspect of this disclosure provides an electrical device, including the battery 10 described in the first aspect.
  • the tabs 120 of the cell 100 of the battery 10 are directly welded to the protective plate 200 to achieve electrical connection, without the need for transfer welding through nickel sheets.
  • the second connection layer 222 is formed on the first connection layer 221 so that the tab 120 can be directly welded to the second connection layer 222 without using an L-shaped nickel sheet.
  • the type of the second metal of the second connection layer 222 can also be flexibly set.
  • the second metal of the second connection layer 222 can be a metal with better welding performance to the material of the tab 120, so that the second connection layer The welding difficulty between 222 and the tab 120 is reduced.
  • the tab 120 can be easily and firmly welded to the second connection layer 222, and the strength of the welded part also meets the performance requirements of the battery, and is not prone to brittle fracture or poor welding. . Therefore, the present disclosure can reduce process flow and cost while ensuring welding performance, thereby helping to improve battery performance. In addition, eliminating the nickel sheet will also help reduce the size of the battery, which will in turn help increase the volumetric energy density of the battery. At the same time, it is also beneficial to reduce the impedance of the circuit, reduce the power consumption of the battery 10 during use, reduce the generation of heat, and increase the battery usage time, which in turn is beneficial to improving the life of the battery 10 and user experience.

Abstract

本公开提供一种电池及用电设备。电池包括：电芯，所述电芯包括电极组件及与所述电极组件连接的极耳；保护板，所述保护板包括电连接层，所述电连接层包括电连接部，所述电连接部包括第一连接层和连接于所述第一连接层的第二连接层，所述第一连接层包括第一金属，所述第二连接层包括第二金属，所述第二金属的熔点大于所述第一金属的熔点，所述极耳焊接于所述第二连接层。本公开可以在保证焊接性能的状况下取消镍片，从而减少工艺流程，降低成本，进而有利于提高电池性能。此外，还有利于减小电池的尺寸，进而利于提高电池的体积能量密度。

Description

电池及用电设备 技术领域
本公开涉及电池领域，特别是涉及一种电池及用电设备。
背景技术
由于具有能量密度高、循环次数多及储存时间长等特点，锂离子电池等二次电池广泛应用于手机、电话手表、耳机、电动车、电动汽车、智能存储设备、无人机等用电设备中。
为了避免电池出现过充、过放及短路等问题，通常，锂离子电池内具有与电芯极耳连接的保护板。相关技术中，保护板与极耳的焊接方式为：先在保护板上贴装焊接两片L形镍片，再通过L形镍片与极耳焊接并通过弯折及贴膜等工艺，形成电池。电池的这种电连接方法，成本高，并且工艺复杂，耗时耗力，不利于降低生产成本。其次，通过镍片焊接还会增加成品电池的外形尺寸，不利于提高电池的体积能量密度。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种电池及用电设备，以利于降低生产成本，提高电池性能以及体积能量密度。
本公开第一方面提出一种电池，包括：电芯，所述电芯包括电极组件及与所述电极组件连接的极耳；保护板，所述保护板包括电连接层，所述电连接层包括电连接部，所述电连接部包括第一连接层和连接于所述第一连接层的第二连接层，所述第一连接层包括第一金属，所述第二连接层包括第二金属，所述第二金属的熔点大于或等于所述第一金属的熔点，所述极耳焊接于所述第二连接层。
本公开中，电芯的极耳直接与保护板焊接而实现电连接，不需要通过镍片进行转接焊接。具体的，在第一连接层上形成第二连接层，使得极耳可以与第二连接层直接焊接。并且，还可以灵活设置第二连接层的第二金属的类别，第二连接层的第二金属可以采用与极 耳的材料之间焊接性能较好的金属，从而使第二连接层与极耳的焊接难度降低，可靠性提高。极耳可以较为容易且牢固地焊接于第二连接层上，并且焊接部位的强度也满足电池的性能需求，不易发成焊接穿蚀，虚焊，脆性断裂等焊接不良等状况。因此，本公开可以在保证焊接性能的状况下，减少工艺流程，降低成本，进而有利于提高电池性能，降低温升。此外，取消镍片后，还有利于减小电池的尺寸，进而利于提高电池的体积能量密度。同时，还有利于降低电路的阻抗，减少电池在使用过程中的电能消耗，减少热量的产生，提高电池使用时间，进而利于提高电池的寿命以及用户体验。
根据本公开实施例的电池，还可具有如下附加的技术特征：
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第二金属的熔点与所述第一金属的熔点的差值小于或等于100℃。这样，第二金属与第一金属的熔点较为接近，从而有利于提高二者的焊接性能以及降低形成复合层结构的难度。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述极耳包括第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳的材料包括第三金属，所述第一金属的熔点大于所述第三金属的熔点。当第一极耳搭接于保护板进行焊接时，第一极耳的第三金属和电连接部的第二连接层的第二金属可以采用焊接性能较好的两种金属，进而有利于提高第一极耳与电连接部之间的焊接性能。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第二极耳的材料包括第二金属或者第二金属与第一金属的结合物。当第二极耳搭接于保护板进行焊接时，第二极耳的第二金属或者第二金属与第一金属的结合物同电连接部的第二连接层直接接触，由于第二极耳同电连接部的第二连接层的熔点相同或相近，使得第二极耳同保护板能有效焊接在一起。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电连接部包括第一电连接部和第二电连接部，所述第一电连接部和所述第二电连接部均包括第一连接层和连接于所述第一连接层的第二连接层。电连接部包括第一电连接部和第二电连接部，且二者均为复合层结构。第一极耳和第二极耳可以直接分别与第一电连接部和第二电连接部对应焊接，从而实现保护板与极耳的电连接。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第一金属包括铜，所述第二金属包括镍或含镍的合金，所述第三金属包括铝。本实施例可以在保证焊接性能的状况下取消镍片，从而减少工艺流程，降低成本，进而有利于提高电池性能。此外，还有利于减小电池的尺寸，进而利于提高电池的体积能量密度。同时，还有利于降低电路的阻抗，减少电池在使用过程中的电能消耗，减少热量的产生，提高电池使用时间，进而利于提高电池的寿命以及用户体验。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述保护板还包括：
衬底基板；
至少一层线路层，所述至少一层线路层设置在所述衬底基板的一侧；
金属隔绝层，所述金属隔绝层设置在所述线路层远离所述衬底基板的一侧，所述电连接层设置在所述金属隔绝板的远离所述线路层的一侧，所述线路层上的线路穿过位于所述金属隔绝层上的通孔与所述第一电连接部、所述第二电连接部连接；
第一阻燃层，所述第一阻燃层设置在所述电连接层的远离所述金属隔绝层的一侧，所述第一阻燃层上设置有镂空区域，所述镂空区域用于暴露所述电连接部；
第二阻燃层，所述第二阻燃层设置在所述衬底基板的另一侧。本实施例说明了保护板的具体结构。本公开在电连接层以及线路层之间还设置有金属隔绝层。通过设置金属隔绝层，有利于降低因极耳与保护板焊接时穿透至线路层而损坏线路的概率，进而利于提高焊接安全性。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述金属隔绝层的材料包括铜、铝、镍、含铜的合金、含铝的合金、含镍的合金中的至少一种。这样，有利于减少金属材料的种类，降低生产成本。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述金属隔绝层包括间隔设置的第一隔绝部，所述第一隔绝部在所述电连接层上的正投影覆盖所述电连接部。这样设置，有利于直接对电连接部处的焊接的能量进行阻隔，进而提高焊接安全性，避免损伤保护板的线路层。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述金属隔绝层还包括第二隔绝部，所述第二隔绝部的边缘与所述线路层的边缘平齐，在所述第二隔绝部上设置有通孔，所述第一隔绝部设置在所 述通孔内。第二隔绝部环绕设置在第一隔绝部的外侧，使得第二隔绝部与第一隔绝部组合成与线路层平面大小相同的层结构，从而有利于增加金属隔绝层与其他层结构之间的接触面积，进而平衡保护板的几何结构，减少由于温湿度变化而引起的应力，防止工艺过程中的扭曲及翘变。同时，使金属隔绝层的整体厚度保持均一，进而有利于提高保护板的平整度。更进一步，这种结构还可以提高保护板的均热及散热性能。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述极耳包括弯折部，所述电连接部连接于所述弯折部。这样，有利于减少极耳与保护板焊接后所占的空间体积，有利于提高电池的体积能量密度。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳为平直极耳。这样，使得极耳在不弯折的情况下与保护板焊接，一方面有利于减小二者所占的空间体积，另一方面还有利于降低极耳因弯折而断裂的概率。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第一阻燃层上的镂空区域包括：
在第一方向上与所述第一电连接部相对的区域；
在所述第一方向上与所述第二电连接部相对的区域；
在所述第一方向上与所述第一极耳相对的区域；以及
在所述第一方向上与所述第二极耳相对的区域；
其中，第一方向为垂直于所述保护板的板面的方向。这样设置，一方面有利于保证保护板的强度。另一方面，第一阻燃层的与极耳相对的位置也为镂空区域，从而使得极耳与电连接部焊接时，极耳不会受到非焊接区域的阻燃层的厚度干扰，降低极耳翘曲的概率，进而有利于方便焊接以及提高焊接的可靠性。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第一极耳与所述第一电连接部的焊接方式为激光焊接，所述第二极耳与所述第二电连接部的焊接方式为激光焊接。激光焊接的方式，具有加热速度快、功率密度高、焊接速度快、同时焊接应力和变形较小的优点，从而有利于提高焊接效果。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述极耳与所述电连接部之间的焊点形成预设图案，所述 预设图案为圆阵列、螺旋线阵列、多条间隔布置的直线、多条间隔布置的曲线、回形线中的一者。极耳与电连接部的焊接可采用特定的焊接方法，从而可以使焊点形成多种不同的图案。
本公开第二方面提出一种用电设备，包括第一方面所述的电池。本公开可以在保证焊接性能的状况下，减少工艺流程，降低成本，进而有利于提高电池性能。此外，取消镍片后，还有利于减小电池的尺寸，进而利于提高电池的体积能量密度。同时，还有利于降低电路的阻抗，减少电池在使用过程中的电能消耗，减少热量的产生，提高电池使用时间，进而利于提高电池的寿命以及用户体验。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的实施例。
图1为本公开实施例的电池的结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例的保护板的层叠结构示意图；
图3为本公开实施例的保护板的分解结构示意图；
图4为本公开实施例的保护板与电芯焊接后的其中一种结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例的保护板与电芯焊接后的另一种结构示意图；
图6为本公开实施例的第一阻燃层的结构示意图；
图7为本公开实施例的电芯与保护板焊接后的结构示意图；
图8为图7所示电池的预设图案的结构示意图。
附图标记如下：
10-电池；100-电芯；110-电极组件；120-极耳；200-保护板；210-电连接层；220-电连接部；220a-第一电连接部；220b-第二电连接部；221-第一连接层；222-第二连接层；121-第一极耳；122-第二极耳；230-衬底基板；240-线路层；240a-第一线路层；240b-第二线路 层；250-金属隔绝层；260-第一阻燃层；270-第二阻燃层；251-第一隔绝部；252-第二隔绝部；2521-通孔；1211-弯折部；F-预设图案；F1-圆阵列；F2-螺旋线阵列；F3-多条间隔布置的直线；F4-多条间隔布置的曲线；F5-回形线。
具体实施方式
下面对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、详细地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本公开的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。在本公开的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本公开。
下文，将详细地描述本公开的实施方式。但是，本公开可体现为许多不同的形式，并且不应解释为限于本文阐释的示例性实施方式。而是，提供这些示例性实施方式，从而使本公开透彻的和详细的向本领域技术人员传达。
另外，为了简洁和清楚，在附图中，各种组件、层的尺寸或厚度可被放大。遍及全文，相同的数值指相同的要素。如本文所使用，术语“及/或”、“以及/或者”包括一个或多个相关列举项目的任何和所有组合。另外，应当理解，当要素A被称为“连接”要素B时，要素A可直接连接至要素B，或可能存在中间要素C并且要素A和要素B可彼此间接连接。
进一步，当描述本公开的实施方式时使用“可”指“本公开的一个或多个实施方式”。
本文使用的专业术语是为了描述具体实施方式的目的并且不旨在限制本公开。如本文所使用，单数形式旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确指出。应进一步理解，术语“包括”，当在本说明书中使用时，指存在叙述的特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素和/或组分，但是不排除存在或增加一个或多个其他特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素、组分和/或其组合。
空间相关术语，比如“上”等可在本文用于方便描述，以描述如图中阐释的一个要素或特征与另一要素(多个要素)或特征(多个特征)的关系。应理解，除了图中描述的方向之外，空间相关术语旨在包括设备或装置在使用或操作中的不同方向。例如，如果将图中的设备翻转，则描述为在其他要素或特征“上方”或“上”的要素将定向在其他要素或特征的“下方” 或“下面”。因此，示例性术语“上”可包括上面和下面的方向。应理解，尽管术语第一、第二、第三等可在本文用于描述各种要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分，但是这些要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分不应受这些术语的限制。这些术语用于区分一个要素、组分、区域、层或部分与另一要素、组分、区域、层或部分。因此，下面讨论的第一要素、组分、区域、层或部分可称为第二要素、组分、区域、层或部分，而不背离示例性实施方式的教导。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用相关的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其它实施例的不同之处。
下面对本公开的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
如图1至图3所示，本公开第一方面提出了一种电池10。电池10包括电芯100和保护板200。电芯100包括电极组件110及与电极组件110连接的极耳120。保护板200包括电连接层210，电连接层210包括电连接部220，电连接部220包括第一连接层221和连接于第一连接层221的第二连接层222，第一连接层221包括第一金属，第二连接层222包括第二金属，第二金属的熔点大于或等于第一金属的熔点，极耳120焊接于第二连接层222。
本公开中，电芯100包括电极组件110及与电极组件110连接的极耳120。电极组件110是电池中发生电化学反应以产生电能的部件。通常，电芯100还包括用于放置电极组件110的壳体，壳体可以是铝塑膜。电极组件110位于铝塑膜壳体的内部，极耳120与电极组件110连接，然后伸出铝塑膜壳体，并与其密封封装。电极组件110可以由正负极片卷绕或堆叠形成。其中，正极片和负极片可以包括具有活性物质的部分，且具有活性物质的部分可以共同构成电极组件110的主体部分。可选的，正极片的活性物质一般可以为LiCoO 2等，负极片的活性物质一般可以为石墨等。极耳120与电极组件110连接，具体的，极耳120是与电极组件110中的正极片或负极片相连的正极极耳或者负极极耳。进一步的，极耳120为正极极耳时，极耳120的材料可以包括铝(Al)或铝合金中的至少一种，极耳120为负极极耳时，极耳120的材料可以包括镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)或铜镀镍(Ni-Cu)中的至少一种。此外，电 极组件110还可以包括位于正极片和负极片之间的隔膜。隔膜是一种多孔的塑料薄膜，其常用的材料包括聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)以及丙烯与乙烯的共聚物、聚乙烯均聚物等。
保护板200与极耳120通过焊接连接。保护板200是用于对电池10起保护作用的集成电路板，具体用于降低电池出现过充、过放或断路等问题的概率。本公开中，保护板200包括电连接层210，电连接层210是保护板200中实现与极耳120电连接的层结构。当然，保护板200还包括除电连接层210外其他的层结构，例如阻燃层等。
电连接层210包括电连接部220，电连接部220是与极耳120直接进行焊接的部位。电连接部220包括第一连接层221和连接于第一连接层221的第二连接层222，极耳120搭接于第二连接层222并通过第二连接层222同第一连接层221焊接在一起。也即，电连接部220为复合层结构，第二连接层222可以通过电镀、沉积、溅射等方式形成于第一连接层221的表面，极耳120与第二连接部220焊接，从而实现与保护板200的电连接。其中，第二连接层222与第一连接层221分别由不同材料所形成，第一连接层221中的第一金属的熔点小于或等于第二连接层222的第二金属的熔点。
本公开设计了一种极耳120与保护板200电连接的技术方案。也即，电芯100的极耳120直接与保护板200焊接而实现电连接，而不需要通过镍片进行转接焊接。具体的，与极耳120焊接的电连接部220为复合金属层结构，第一金属形成第一连接层221，第二金属形成第二连接层222。这样设置，使得极耳120可以直接搭接第二连接层222并通过第二连接层同第二连接层和第一连接层进行焊接。第二连接层222的第二金属的熔点高于或等于第一连接层221的第一金属的熔点。本公开中，在第一连接层221上形成第二连接层222，使得极耳120可以通过第二连接层222及第一连接层221与保护板200直接焊接，而不必使用L型镍片。并且，还可以灵活设置第二连接层222的第二金属的类别，第二连接层222的第二金属可以采用与极耳120的材料之间焊接性能较好的金属，从而使第二连接层222与极耳120的焊接难度降低，焊接可靠性提高，极耳120可以较为容易且牢固地焊接于第二连接层222上，并且焊接部位的强度也满足电池的性能需求，不易发生脆性断 裂，焊穿或者虚焊等焊接不良等状况。因此，本公开可以在保证焊接性能的状况下，减少工艺流程，降低成本，进而有利于提高电池性能。此外，取消镍片后，还有利于减小电池的尺寸，进而利于提高电池的体积能量密度。同时，还有利于降低电路的阻抗，减少电池10在使用过程中的电能消耗，减少热量的产生，提高电池使用时间，进而利于提高电池10的寿命以及用户体验。
在本公开的一些实施例中，第二金属的熔点与第一金属的熔点的差值小于或等于100℃。这样，第二金属与第一金属的熔点较为接近，从而有利于提高二者的焊接性能以及降低形成复合层结构的难度。
如图1所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，极耳120包括第一极耳121和第二极耳122，第一极耳121的材料包括第三金属，第一金属的熔点大于第三金属的熔点。其中，第一极耳121可以为电池的正极极耳本实施例中，第一极耳121的材料包括第三金属，并且第三金属的熔点小于第一金属的熔点。当第一极耳121搭接于保护板200进行焊接时，第一极耳121的第三金属和电连接部220的第二连接层222的第二金属可以采用焊接性能较好的两种金属，例如第一极耳121可以是铝材料，第二连接层222可以为镍或含镍合金材料。这样，有利于提高焊接性能。另外，当第三金属融化时，温度小于第一金属的熔点，有利于降低因焊接时温度过高而致使由第一金属形成的第一连接层221同步融化的概率，进而有利于提高第一极耳121与电连接部220之间的焊接性能。
进一步地，第二极耳122材料包括第二金属或者第二金属与第一金属的结合物。例如，第二极耳122的材料可以为镍或者铜镀镍材料，当第二极耳122搭接于保护板200进行焊接时，第二极耳122的第二金属同电连接部220的第二连接层222直接接触，由于第二极耳122的第二金属同电连接部220的第二连接层222第二金属的熔点相同或相近，使得第二极耳122同保护板200能有效焊接在一起。第二极耳122的材料与第一连接层221的材料相同，还有利于降低材料种类，进而利于降低生产成本。
如图2所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，电连接部220包括第一电连接部220a和第二电 连接部220b，第一电连接部220a和第二电连接部220b均包括第一连接层221和连接于第一连接层221的第二连接层222。本实施例中，电连接部220包括第一电连接部220a和第二电连接部220b，且第一电连接部220a和第二电连接部220b均为复合层结构。第一极耳121和第二极耳122可以直接分别与第一电连接部220a和第二电连接部220b对应焊接。也即，第一极耳121可以与第一电连接部220a焊接，第二极耳122可以与第二电连接部220b焊接；或者，第一极耳121可以与第二电连接部220b焊接，第二极耳122可以与第一电连接部220a焊接，本申请不作限制。这样，可以实现保护板200与极耳120的电连接。
进一步地，第一金属包括铜，第二金属包括镍或含镍的合金，第三金属包括铝。本实施例中，三种材料具体为：铜(第一金属)、镍或含镍合金(第二金属)以及铝(第三金属)。其中，镍或含镍合金的熔点大于铜的熔点，铜的熔点大于铝的熔点。通常，若将铝与铜直接进行焊接，由于二者的金属性能相差较大，从而导致焊接性能较差，难度较大。即使可以焊接，但是焊接后形成的物质的脆性较大，易产生裂纹，穿蚀，出现断裂，最终难以满足电池的生产需求。因此，本实施例中，电连接部220为复合金属层结构，第一连接层221为铜层，第二连接层222为镍或含镍合金层。第一极耳121的材料为铝，第二极耳122的材料为镍或铜镀镍合金。焊接时，第一极耳121的铝材料与第二连接层222的镍(以及含镍合金)材料之间的焊接性能较好，第二极耳122的镍或铜镀镍合金材料和第二连接层222的镍(以及含镍合金)材料之间的焊接性能较好，第一极耳121和第二极耳122均可以较为容易且牢固地直接焊接于第二连接层222上，并且焊接后所形成的焊接部位的强度也满足电池10的性能需求，不易发成脆性断裂或者焊接不良等状况。因此，本实施例可以在保证焊接性能的状况下取消镍片，从而减少工艺流程，降低成本，进而有利于提高电池性能。此外，还有利于减小电池的尺寸，进而利于提高电池的体积能量密度。
如图2和图3所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，保护板200还包括衬底基板230、至少一层线路层240、金属隔绝层250、第一阻燃层260以及第二阻燃层270。至少一层线路层240设置在衬底基板230的一侧，金属隔绝层250设置在线路层240远离衬底基板230的一侧，电 连接层210设置在金属隔绝层250的远离线路层240的一侧，线路层240上的线路穿过位于金属隔绝层250上的通孔与第一电连接部220a、第二电连接部220b连接。第一阻燃层260设置在电连接层210的远离金属隔绝层250的一侧，第一阻燃层260上设置有镂空区域，镂空区域用于暴露电连接部220。第二阻燃层270设置在衬底基板230的另一侧。
本实施例说明了保护板200的具体结构。保护板200通常包括硬质的PCB印刷线路板、软质的PFC柔性电路板以及PCB和FPC结合的软硬结合板等。衬底基板230为保护板200的基底，通常在上面设置有多个过孔。线路层240是带有电路图案的层结构，线路层240是用于实现保护板200不同功能的基本结构。在一个保护板200中，如图2所示，通常可以具有一层线路层240，或者，如图3所示，具有两层线路层第一线路层240a和第二线路层240b；或者，可以具有更多层线路层。这主要取决于所需要的电路的数量以及复杂程度。不同线路层240的同一电路可以通过过孔进行连接。电连接层210也即上述所述用于与极耳120进行连接的层结构。第一阻燃层260和第二阻燃层270分别位于衬底基板230的两侧，阻燃层用于阻隔热传导而起到阻燃作用。本公开在电连接层210以及线路层240之间还设置有金属隔绝层250。通过设置金属隔绝层250，有利于降低因极耳120与保护板200焊接时穿透至线路层240而损坏线路的概率，进而利于提高焊接安全性。
进一步地，金属隔绝层250的材料包括铜、铝、镍、含铜的合金、含铝的合金、含镍的合金中的至少一种。这样，有利于减少金属材料的种类，降低生产成本。容易理解的是，金属隔绝层250的材料也可以是其他常见的金属材料例如铁、锌等，只要具有一定的强度，能够起到防止线路层焊穿的作用即可。
如图2和图3所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，金属隔绝层250包括间隔设置的第一隔绝部251，第一隔绝部251在电连接层210上的正投影覆盖电连接部220。本实施例中，第一隔绝部251与电连接部220在保护板200的厚度方向相对设置，电连接部220为焊接部位，这样设置，有利于直接对电连接部220处的焊接的能量进行阻隔，进而提高焊接安全性，避免损伤保护板200的线路层240。
如图3所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，金属隔绝层250还包括第二隔绝部252，第二隔绝部252的边缘与线路层240的边缘平齐，在第二隔绝部252上设置有通孔2521，第一隔绝部251设置在通孔2521内。本实施例的金属隔绝层250包括相互独立的第二隔绝部252和第一隔绝部251。第一隔绝部251用于直接阻隔焊接能量，有利于提高焊接安全性。第二隔绝部252的边缘与线路层240的边缘平齐，在通孔2521内放置第一隔绝部251。也就是说，第二隔绝部252环绕设置在第一隔绝部251的外侧，使得第二隔绝部252与第一隔绝部251组合成与线路层240平面大小相同的层结构，从而有利于增加金属隔绝层250与其他层结构之间的接触面积，进而平衡保护板200的几何结构，减少由于温湿度变化而引起的应力，防止工艺过程中的扭曲及翘变。同时，使金属隔绝层250的整体厚度保持均一，进而有利于提高保护板200的平整度。进一步地，第二隔绝部252与第一隔绝部251可以设置为同一厚度，进而使有利于进一步提高保护板200的平整度。更进一步，这种结构还可以提高保护板200的均热及散热性能。
如图4所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，极耳120包括弯折部1211，电连接部220连接于弯折部1211。极耳120通过弯折形成弯折部1211，并且，电连接部220连接于弯折部1211。这样，有利于减少极耳120与保护板200焊接后所占的空间体积，有利于提高电池10的体积能量密度。
如图1和图5所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，第一极耳121和第二极耳122为平直极耳120。也即，第一极耳121和第二极耳122预先裁剪至预设的长度。这样，使得极耳120在不弯折的情况下与保护板200焊接，一方面有利于减小二者所占的空间体积，另一方面还有利于降低极耳120因弯折而断裂的概率。
如图6所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，第一阻燃层260上的镂空区域包括：在第一方向上与第一电连接部220a相对的区域A；在第一方向上与第二电连接部220b相对的区域B；在第一方向上与第一极耳121相对的区域C；以及在第一方向上与第二极耳122相对的区域D。其中，第一方向为垂直于保护板200的板面的方向，也即，第一方向为图6中的方向Z。定 义第一阻燃层260的长度方向为第二方向X，第一阻燃层260的宽度方向为第三方向Y，方向X、Y、Z互相垂直。第一阻燃层260的作用为阻隔热传导，同时还可以提高保护板200的强度。为了降低阻燃层260对焊接的影响，同时也为了最大化提高保护板200的强度，在阻燃层260上设置有镂空区域。具体的，第一方面，镂空区域包括在第一方向Z上分别与第一电连接部220a和第二电连接部220b相对的区域A和区域B，也即，第一电连接部220a和第二电连接部220b暴露出来，未受到阻燃层260的遮挡，从而有利于提高第一电连接部220a和第二电连接部220b的焊接可靠性。第二方面，镂空区域还包括在第一方向Z上分别与第一极耳121和第二极耳122相对的区域。也就是说，将第一极耳121和第二极耳122分别与第一电连接部220a和第二电连接部220b进行焊接时，除第一电连接部220a和第二电连接部220b所在的部位为镂空区域外，第一极耳121和第二极耳122在阻燃层260的正投影对应的区域C和D也为镂空区域。并且此时，第一电连接部220a在阻燃层260的正投影与第一极耳121或第二极耳122在阻燃层260的正投影存在交叠；相对应的，第二电连接部220b在阻燃层260的正投影与第二极耳122或第一极耳121在阻燃层260的正投影存在交叠。这样设置，一方面有利于保证保护板200的强度。另一方面，第一阻燃层260的与极耳相对的位置也为镂空区域(区域C和D)，从而使得极耳与电连接部220焊接时，极耳与电连接部220在第三方向Y的两端之间不存在阻燃层，极耳不会受到非焊接区域的阻燃层的厚度干扰，降低极耳翘曲的概率，进而有利于方便焊接以及提高焊接的可靠性。
在本公开的一些实施例中，第一极耳121与第一电连接部220a的焊接方式为激光焊接，第二极耳122与第二电连接部220b的焊接方式为激光焊接。本实施例中，第一极耳121与第一电连接部220a电连接，第二极耳122与第二电连接部220b电连接。并且，电连接的方式为激光焊接。激光焊接的方式，具有加热速度快、功率密度高、焊接速度快、同时焊接应力和变形较小的优点。另外，激光的光束容易控制，从而使第二连接层222与极耳120形成特定的熔池，有利于提高焊接效果，使得焊接后形成的焊接部位满足电池10的性能要求。
极耳120与电连接部220的焊接可采用特定的焊接方法，从而可以使焊点形成多种不同 的图案。例如，如图7和图8所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，极耳120与电连接部220之间的焊点形成预设图案F，预设图案F为圆阵列F1、螺旋线阵列F2、多条间隔布置的直线F3、多条间隔布置的曲线F4、回形线F5中的一者。
本公开第二方面提出一种用电设备，包括第一方面所述的电池10。电池10的电芯100的极耳120直接与保护板200焊接而实现电连接，不需要通过镍片进行转接焊接。本公开中，在第一连接层221上形成第二连接层222，使得极耳120可以与第二连接层222直接焊接，而不必使用L型镍片。并且，还可以灵活设置第二连接层222的第二金属的类别，第二连接层222的第二金属可以采用与极耳120的材料之间焊接性能较好的金属，从而使第二连接层222与极耳120的焊接难度降低，极耳120可以较为容易且牢固地焊接于第二连接层222上，并且焊接部位的强度也满足电池的性能需求，不易发成脆性断裂或者焊接不良等状况。因此，本公开可以在保证焊接性能的状况下，减少工艺流程，降低成本，进而有利于提高电池性能。此外，取消镍片后，还有利于减小电池的尺寸，进而利于提高电池的体积能量密度。同时，还有利于降低电路的阻抗，减少电池10在使用过程中的电能消耗，减少热量的产生，提高电池使用时间，进而利于提高电池10的寿命以及用户体验。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体与另一个实体区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其它变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其它要素，或者是还包括为这种物品或者设备所固有的要素。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开保护的范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    电芯，所述电芯包括电极组件及与所述电极组件连接的极耳；
    保护板，所述保护板包括电连接层，所述电连接层包括电连接部，所述电连接部包括第一连接层和连接于所述第一连接层的第二连接层，所述第一连接层包括第一金属，所述第二连接层包括第二金属，所述第二金属的熔点大于或等于所述第一金属的熔点，所述极耳焊接于所述第二连接层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电连接部包括第一电连接部和第二电连接部，所述第一电连接部和所述第二电连接部均包括第一连接层和连接于所述第一连接层的第二连接层。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述极耳包括第一极耳，所述第一极耳的材料包括第三金属，所述第一金属的熔点大于所述第三金属的熔点。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其特征在于，所述极耳还包括第二极耳，所述第二极耳的材料包括所述第二金属或者所述第二金属和所述第一金属的结合物。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一金属包括铜，所述第二金属包括镍或含镍的合金，所述第三金属包括铝。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其特征在于，所述保护板还包括：
    衬底基板；
    至少一层线路层，所述至少一层线路层设置在所述衬底基板的一侧；
    金属隔绝层，所述金属隔绝层设置在所述线路层远离所述衬底基板的一侧，所述电连接层设置在所述金属隔绝板的远离所述线路层的一侧，所述线路层上的线路穿过位于所述金属隔绝层上的通孔与所述第一电连接部、所述第二电连接部连接；
    第一阻燃层，所述第一阻燃层设置在所述电连接层的远离所述金属隔绝层的一侧，所述第一阻燃层上设置有镂空区域，所述镂空区域用于暴露所述电连接部；
    第二阻燃层，所述第二阻燃层设置在所述衬底基板的另一侧。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其特征在于，所述金属隔绝层的材料包括铜、铝、镍、含铜的合金、含铝的合金、含镍的合金中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其特征在于，所述金属隔绝层包括间隔设置的第一隔绝部，所述第一隔绝部在所述电连接层上的正投影覆盖所述电连接部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池，其特征在于，所述金属隔绝层还包括第二隔绝部，所述第二隔绝部的边缘与所述线路层的边缘平齐，在所述第二隔绝部上设置有通孔，所述第一隔绝部设置在所述通孔内。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述极耳包括弯折部，所述电连接部连接于所述弯折部。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳为平直极耳。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一阻燃层上的镂空区域包括：
    在第一方向上与所述第一电连接部相对的区域；
    在所述第一方向上与所述第二电连接部相对的区域；
    在所述第一方向上与所述第一极耳相对的区域；以及
    在所述第一方向上与所述第二极耳相对的区域；
    其中，第一方向为垂直于所述保护板的板面的方向。
  13. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一极耳与所述第一电连接部的焊接方式为激光焊接，所述第二极耳与所述第二电连接部的焊接方式为激光焊接。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述极耳与所述电连接部之间的焊点形成预设图案，所述预设图案为圆阵列、螺旋线阵列、多条间隔布置的直线、多条间隔布置的曲线、回形线中的一者。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第二金属的熔点与所述第一金属的熔点的差值小于或等于100℃。
  16. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至15中任一项所述的电池。
PCT/CN2022/100393 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 电池及用电设备 WO2023245489A1 (zh)

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