WO2023241412A2 - Polishing apparatus, polishing method, and sealing system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a polishing apparatus, a polishing method and a sealing system. The sealing and polishing apparatus comprises a thrust system; a plurality of sealing systems, wherein each sealing system comprises a piston and a cylinder body matched with the piston; a plurality of conveying pipeline systems, wherein each conveying pipeline system conveys a polishing medium contained in the corresponding sealing system to different ports of an inner flow channel workpiece being polished, and the plurality of sealing systems are communicated by means of the inner flow channel workpiece. The thrust system of the polishing apparatus comprises vertical plunger pumps. The vertical plunger pumps are connected to the pistons to provide a driving force, so that the pistons can move relative to the cylinder body in the vertical direction. The multi-stage pipeline comprises a first-stage pipeline, and a second-stage pipeline adjacent to the downstream of the first-stage pipeline. The first-stage pipeline comprises a curved structure connected to an outlet end of the cylinder body, and the curved structure is connected to the horizontally-extending second-stage pipeline.

Description

Finishing devices, finishing methods and sealing systems Technical field

The invention relates to the field of precision machining of internal flow channels, and in particular, to a finishing device, finishing method and sealing system.

Background technique

Parts with fine and complex internal flow channel structures are widely used in aerospace, shipbuilding, nuclear, automobile, mold and other industrial fields. In particular, parts related to fluid power systems often have fine flow channels, deep holes and fine Complex inner cavity structures such as flow channels and deep holes are connected to transport, exchange or apply hydraulic pressure to fluids, such as fuel nozzles, heat exchangers, hydraulic components, etc. for various types of aviation/aerospace/ship/automotive engines. Oil circuit control throttle, etc.

Process technologies that can process fine and complex internal flow channels include precision machining, femtosecond/water guide/long pulse laser processing, electric discharge machining, and additive manufacturing (3D printing). In addition to additive manufacturing technology, the structures of fine and complex internal flow channels processed by other single processes are relatively simple and have a small length-to-diameter ratio. They need to be combined with other combined processes such as welding to process fine and complex internal flow channels. The fine and complex inner flow channel processed by precision machining will produce problems such as burrs, sharp corners or tool joint steps; the surface of the inner flow channel processed by femtosecond laser will produce adhered residue particles and surface "step" effect; water conduction/long The inner flow channel surface of pulse laser and EDM processing will produce a remelted layer; additive manufacturing (3D printing) is a technology that discretes complex three-dimensional structural part models into two-dimensional structures for layer-by-layer superposition forming. It makes complex and micro Integrated molding of complex internal flow channel parts has become possible, and therefore its applications in industrial fields such as aerospace, automobiles, and molds are increasing. However, additive manufacturing technology has its own process characteristics such as temperature gradients and layer-by-layer molding during the molding process, resulting in the presence of semi-sintered or bonded powder particles and surface "step" effects on the surface of the inner flow channel of the part.

Machining burrs, femtosecond laser processing inner flow channel adhering sintered particles, additive manufacturing inner flow channel surface bonding powder, etc. will affect the performance and safety of the parts: when the fluid introduced in the inner flow channel and the surface friction at high speed, it will cause When burrs, adhered residue particles or bonded powder fall off, they will become redundant and spread everywhere with the fluid, or block the oil circuit or cause mechanical wear and failure, thus causing major safety accidents; the inner surface with large roughness is easy to be damaged during long-term use. It becomes a source of fatigue cracks, and if it is a high-temperature oil system, it can easily lead to carbon deposition; machining of knife lines, inflection point corners or tool joint steps on the surface of the flow channel, femtosecond laser and additive manufacturing processing of "steps" on the surface of the inner flow channel "Phenomena and other phenomena will cause turbulence, eddy currents and a sharp increase in resistance along the fluid motion process, and even This causes the fluid to be out of control, causing vibration and reducing the service life of parts. Rough surfaces will also produce a large number of cavitation bubbles in the fluid, which will affect combustion and hydraulic power, and even cause cavitation corrosion. For some parts made of specific materials (such as hollow blades), the internal flow channels and connecting holes are prone to appear on the surface of the remelted layer. Microcracks may cause premature failure of parts, so the thickness of the remelted layer must be reduced or the remelted layer must not be allowed to appear.

Therefore, when the inner flow channel surface of fluid power parts is processed through technologies such as precision machining, femtosecond/water conduction/long pulse laser processing, electric discharge machining, additive manufacturing (3D printing), burrs and bonded powder will be produced Unfavorable problems such as residues such as sintered particles and sintered particles, surface roughness and remelted layers require the use of appropriate surface finishing technology to eliminate these adverse effects in order to meet product performance requirements.

However, the technology that can effectively smooth the surface of fine and complex internal flow channels has not yet emerged, so that for the current additively manufactured fine and complex internal flow channel workpieces, the roughness of the inner surface generally only has the original average after additive manufacturing. Roughness Ra≥6.3μm, there is no optimal surface for internal flow channels. Products with roughness Ra less than or equal to 1.6μm, no optimal surface for internal flow channels for laser processing and EDM machining of fine and complex internal flow channel workpieces. Products with a roughness Ra less than or equal to 0.8 μm; and products with an optimal surface roughness Ra less than or equal to 0.4 μm for machined workpieces with fine and complex inner flow channels that do not have inner flow channels. However, if the current fine and complex inner flow channels are Complex special-shaped flow channels such as S-shaped bends, L-shaped bends, U-shaped bends, and O-shaped bends cannot be realized by machining that can only perform linear feed, but can only be realized through additive manufacturing and other methods. Therefore, there is currently no Products with an optimal surface roughness Ra of less than or equal to 1.6 μm for fine special-shaped complex internal flow channels produced by additive manufacturing have emerged.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this application is to provide a finishing device, finishing method and sealing system.

In a first aspect, the application provides a finishing device, including a thrust system; a plurality of sealing systems, each sealing system including a piston and a cylinder mated with the piston for accommodating finishing media for finishing processing, The thrust system is connected to one end of the piston and provides driving force to the sealing system to push the finishing medium to be output from the outlet end of the cylinder; a plurality of conveying pipeline systems, each conveying pipeline The system transports the finishing medium contained in the corresponding sealing system to different ports of the inner flow channel workpiece for finishing, and multiple sealing systems are connected through the inner flow channel workpiece; the upstream end of the transportation pipeline system is connected to the The outlet end of the sealing system is connected, and the downstream end is used to output the finishing medium for finishing the inner flow channel workpiece. The length-to-diameter ratio of the conveying pipeline system is greater than 10:1, and the outlet port diameter is greater than 3mm. The pipeline system has multi-stage pipelines, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the previous stage pipeline and the subsequent stage pipeline of the two adjacent stages is greater than 1; wherein, the push of the finishing device The force system includes a vertical piston pump connected to the piston to provide driving force so that the piston can move in a vertical direction relative to the cylinder, and the multi-stage pipeline includes a first stage pipeline, and an adjacent second-level pipeline located downstream of the first-level pipeline. The first-level pipeline includes an elbow structure connected to the outlet end of the cylinder, and the elbow The structure is connected to the horizontally extending second-level pipeline.

In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a vertical structure composed of a vertical plunger pump, a vertically moving piston, and a horizontal structure of a conveying pipeline are used in the finishing device. The synergy between the two ensures that the finishing medium is ensured. Pressure stability during the finishing process, thereby achieving reliable finishing effects. Specifically, the vertical piston pump and the vertical structure of the piston and cylinder as well as the elbow structure are connected to the horizontal conveying pipeline and workpieces, that is, a combined vertical and horizontal structure is used in the finishing device. It not only makes clever use of gravity, so that the vertical piston pump, piston, and cylinder are not affected by the tilting force of gravity and provides very stable pressure, but also provides a larger operable workbench for finishing processing of workpieces. space; in addition, the length-to-diameter ratio of the transportation pipeline is greater than 10:1, and the outlet port diameter is greater than 3mm. The cross-sectional area of the previous-stage pipeline and the subsequent-stage pipeline of the two adjacent stages of the multi-stage pipeline The structure with a ratio greater than 1 realizes the transportation of the saturated flow rate of the conveyed finishing medium, and also ensures the pressure stability of the finishing medium in the transportation pipeline.

In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area ratio of the first-stage pipeline to the second-stage pipeline is 1.2˜1.8.

In some embodiments, the multi-stage pipeline further includes a third-stage pipeline adjacently connected downstream of the second-stage pipeline, and the intersection between the second-stage pipeline and the third-stage pipeline The area ratio is 1.2 to 1.8.

In some embodiments, a tooling is further included, the tooling has a port, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the third-level pipeline to the port of the tooling is 1.2 to 2.2. The cross-sectional area ratio between the port of the tooling and the port of the flow channel in the workpiece is 1.2 to 10.

In some embodiments, the piston has at least a first groove and a second groove from top to bottom, and the sealing system further includes a sealing ring located between the piston and the cylinder, including a sealing ring disposed on the third groove. A first sealing ring in a groove, and a second sealing ring disposed in the second groove, the radial gap between the piston and the cylinder is 1 mm to 2.5 mm.

In some embodiments, the first groove has a split structure, the top surface of the piston is a flat surface, a cover plate is detachably provided on it, and the periphery of the cover plate has a bevel, and the bevel is connected with the A single-sided inclined groove is formed on the top surface of the piston to form the first groove; the second groove is opened on the side wall of the piston; the material of the first sealing ring is a hard material, and the second groove is formed on the top surface of the piston. The sealing ring is made of soft material.

In some embodiments, the second groove includes at least two grooves in a direction from top to bottom, including It includes a first sub-groove and a second sub-groove, wherein the ratio of the depth of the second sub-groove to the depth of the first sub-groove is 1.2 to 1.5.

In some embodiments, the inclination angle of the single-sided chute is greater than 60°.

In some embodiments, the material of the first sealing ring meets the following requirements: flexural modulus 1.9-3.6GPa, elongation 60%-120%, and Knoop hardness 90HK-100HK; the material of the second sealing ring meets : The flexural modulus is 0.2GPa～0.25GPa, the elongation is 300%～380%, and the flexural strength is 80MPa～100MPa.

In some embodiments, the material of the first sealing ring is one of pp, polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon, and peek, and the material of the second sealing ring is one of silicone, rubber, and nitrile.

In some embodiments, the cylinder wall of the cylinder has a coating, the thickness of the coating is 50 μm ~ 220 μm, the hardness is 1500HV ~ 2200HV, and the material is one of oxide, carbide, boride and nitride ceramics. species or combination.

In some embodiments, the surface roughness of the coating is Ra 0.05 μm ~ 0.4 μm, roundness ≤ 100 μm, and cylindricity ≤ 200 μm.

In some embodiments, the finishing device further includes a diagnostic device having a flow rate and/or flow sensor and a pressure sensor for sensing the flow rate and/or flow rate and pressure of the finishing medium.

In some embodiments, the finishing medium includes a liquid phase and a solid phase, the viscosity of the liquid phase is <1000cP, the solid phase includes abrasive particles, and the workpiece for finishing is a fine internal flow channel piece with a diameter less than or equal to 3mm and the aspect ratio is greater than or equal to 50:1.

In a second aspect, the application provides a finishing method, using the finishing device as described in the first aspect, the finishing medium includes a liquid phase and a solid phase, the viscosity of the liquid phase is <1000cP, and the solid phase includes Abrasive particles, the workpiece for finishing is a fine internal flow channel piece, the diameter is less than or equal to 3mm and the aspect ratio is greater than or equal to 50:1, the thrust system of the finishing device applies a predetermined pressure to the finishing medium , so that the smoothing medium flows in the fine inner flow channel at a flow rate of >5m/s, and the flow rate of the smoothing medium flowing into the interior of the fine inner flow channel at one end reaches the caliber of the fine inner flow channel The saturation value of the flow that can be accommodated keeps the hydraulic pressure inside the inner flow channel in a suppressed state.

In a third aspect, this application provides a sealing system, including: a piston, a cylinder mated with the piston, and a sealing ring between the two, used to accommodate finishing media for finishing processing, and the piston can Moving back and forth along the extension direction of the cylinder wall of the cylinder, a thrust system is connected with one end of the piston to provide driving force to the piston; wherein the piston has at least a first groove from the top to the bottom. second groove, The sealing system also includes a sealing ring located between the piston and the cylinder, including a first sealing ring disposed in the first groove, and a second sealing ring disposed in the second groove, so The radial gap between the piston and the cylinder is 1 mm to 2.5 mm; the first groove has a split structure, the top surface of the piston is a flat surface, and a cover plate is detachably provided on it. The periphery of the plate has an inclined surface, and the inclined surface and the top surface of the piston form a single-sided inclined groove to form the first groove; the second groove is opened on the side wall of the piston.

Figure overview

The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are only examples and are not to scale. drawn, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection actually claimed by the invention, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a finishing method according to some embodiments of the present application.

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a finishing device according to some embodiments of the present application.

FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of position A according to FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of position B according to FIG. 2 .

Preferred embodiments of the invention

The following discloses a variety of different implementations or examples for implementing the subject technical solution. In order to simplify the disclosure, specific examples of each element and arrangement are described below. Of course, these are only examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention. "One embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means a certain feature, structure, or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an alternative embodiment” mentioned twice or more at different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. . In addition, certain features, structures or characteristics in some embodiments, further embodiments, still further embodiments and other expressions of the present application may be appropriately combined.

Flowcharts are used in this application to illustrate operations performed by systems according to embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in exact order. You can also add other operations to these processes, or remove a step or steps from these processes.

In addition, the average roughness described below is to select multiple areas on the measured surface to measure and average the values to obtain the average roughness of the measured surface. The optimal roughness described below is to select multiple areas on the measured surface to measure and take the minimum value to obtain the optimal roughness of the measured surface. For example, when performing roughness measurement, for example, a certain area of roughness measurement can be a pipeline segment with a length of 8 mm. In the measured pipeline, select multiple pipeline segments with a length of 8 mm to measure and remove the minimum value.

Parts with fine and complex internal flow channel structures are widely used in aerospace, shipbuilding, nuclear, automotive, mold and other industrial fields. However, current processing techniques, such as precision machining, femtosecond/water conduction/long pulse When laser processing, EDM processing, additive manufacturing (3D printing) and other technologies process the inner flow channel surface of fluid power components, they will bring disadvantages such as burrs, residues such as bonded powder and sintered particles, rough surfaces, and remelted layers. problem, it is necessary to use appropriate surface finishing technology to eliminate these adverse effects in order to meet the performance requirements of the product.

At present, there are no products with fine inner flow channel workpieces produced by additive manufacturing whose surface optimal roughness Ra is less than or equal to 1.6 μm. There is no inner flow channel for fine inner flow channel workpieces processed by laser processing and EDM. Products with an optimal surface roughness Ra less than or equal to 0.8 μm; and products with an optimal surface roughness Ra less than or equal to 0.4 μm for machined workpieces with fine internal flow channels that do not have internal flow channels, and if the fine internal flow channels are Special-shaped flow channel structures such as S-shaped bends, L-shaped bends, U-shaped bends, and O-shaped bends cannot be realized by linear feed machining, but can only be realized through additive manufacturing and other methods. Therefore, there is currently no need for additive manufacturing. The optimal surface roughness Ra of the fine internal flow channel made of materials is less than or equal to 1.6 μm.

After in-depth research, the inventor tried and compared a variety of inner flow channel surface finishing methods and found that the internal flow channel diameter of the part is larger (>3mm), the length-to-diameter ratio is smaller (<50:1), and the shape is approximately When running in a straight line, common methods such as manual polishing, chemistry, electrochemistry, plasma, magnetism, magnetorheology, abrasive flow, water jet and ultrasonic can be used for finishing. However, for small internal flow channels (less than or equal to 3mm), with a large length-to-diameter ratio (greater than or equal to 50:1):

(1) Using abrasive flow technology, a rigid semi-solid soft paste finishing medium is used to finish the inner cavity through an extrusion grinding mechanism. The inventor found that this kind of creep fluid with extremely small Reynolds number It is difficult to achieve uniform processing through complex long-distance fine flow channels, and it is easy to be blocked at corners and dead corners. Forcibly passing through will cause the flow channel to deform or even crack the flow channel. Even when the inner flow channel with an aspect ratio of ≥50:1 is barely passed, the pressure and flow rate will decrease sharply as the fluid stroke increases, resulting in "over-grinding" of the inner flow channel port and "excessive loss of pressure and flow rate" internally. Not polished." In addition, the water-insoluble colloidal abrasive flow medium is easy to remain in the corners and dead corners of the inner flow channel, making it difficult or even impossible to completely remove it after the processing is completed.

(2) Using abrasive water jet technology, also known as microabrasive slurry jet, high-speed flow and high-speed water particle finishing, by applying hydraulic pressure to the water jet nozzle, the nozzle uses the impact kinetic energy of the water jet with abrasive particles to be ejected Erosion removes the surface material of the workpiece, and the water jet nozzle maintains a short distance from the surface of the part, so abrasive water jet technology It is difficult to act on the fine internal flow channels with small diameter (less than or equal to 3mm) and large length-to-diameter ratio (greater than or equal to 50:1);

(3) Using magnetic finishing technology, it can only slightly polish the surface of the inner flow channel with a diameter of >3mm and a nearly straight line, but cannot process S-shaped bends with a diameter of less than or equal to 3mm and a three-dimensional space. , L-shaped bends, U-shaped bends, O-shaped bends, and spiral bends for effective surface finishing of fine and complex internal flow channels. The reason is that magnetic finishing is a flexible processing that uses larger-sized magnetic needle abrasive particles. The principle is Surface convex points and concave points will be processed simultaneously under the action of an external magnetic field. Therefore, these flexible processing methods can only slightly brighten and improve the surface. Even if the amount of material removal is large, they cannot significantly improve the "step" effect and reduce the surface temperature. Surface roughness and large-scale peeling of powder, particles and burrs adhered to the surface are improved; in addition, this method cannot cope with the finishing of complex internal flow channels in the three-dimensional space due to the restricted magnetic field movement;

(4) When the chemical finishing method is used, when the diameter of the inner flow channel is small and the corrosive solution can be accommodated is less, the efficiency of the chemical finishing method will be extremely low and even local reaction bubbles will accumulate, making finishing impossible;

(5) Using electrochemical, plasma finishing and ultrasonic methods, it is difficult to place profiling in narrow three-dimensional flow channels including S-shaped bends, L-shaped bends, U-shaped bends, O-shaped bends, spiral bends, etc. electrode, making it impossible to smooth the fine and complex internal flow channels;

In addition, for (4) and (5), chemical, electrochemical, plasma finishing and other methods will also cause various corrosion and deterioration layer defects on the microstructure of the flow channel base material. Corrosive liquids and reactive gases will also have harmful effects on the environment and The equipment has adverse effects; at the same time, (4) and (5) are also flexible processing methods, which will also face similar shortcomings as (3). They can only slightly brighten the surface, and even if the material removal amount is large, it cannot be significant. Improve the "step" effect on the surface, reduce surface roughness and peel off powder, particles and burrs adhered to the surface on a large scale.

To sum up, the inventor found after in-depth research that the above-mentioned processing methods, for the structure of the fine internal flow channel, will face the problem of being difficult to penetrate into the internal finishing of the fine internal flow channel and/or the finishing quality is not ideal. problem, so it is difficult to apply to finishing processing of fine internal flow channels.

Based on the above, the inventor further conducted in-depth research and invented a surface finishing method for fine internal flow channels. By using a two-phase flow finishing medium with a viscosity of less than 1000cP liquid phase, the two-phase flow finishing medium is in the fine inner flow channel. The flow rate is >5m/s, and the flow rate flowing into the fine inner flow channel at one end reaches the saturation value that the diameter of the fine inner flow channel can accommodate. The hydraulic pressure inside the inner flow channel is in a suppressed state, forming The means of saturation flow rate of liquid relative to fine internal flow channels, that is, the fluid passing through low-viscosity liquid phase and smooth medium The synergistic effect of flow rate and saturation flow solves the problem of finishing processing of fine internal flow channels. The principle is that, first of all, due to the synergistic effect of the low-viscosity liquid phase, fluid flow rate and saturation flow, the smooth medium can smoothly enter the fine and complex internal flow channels and form a non-Newtonian flow path in the fine and complex internal flow channels. In the state of the fluid, the fluid boundary layer is parallel to the inner flow channel surface, and the abrasive shear friction in the "knife-like" hard non-Newtonian fluid enables targeted processing of surface bumps. In addition, the synergistic effect of the above three causes the friction and micro-cutting force generated by the abrasive particles in the finishing medium and the surface of the fine and complex internal flow channels. Therefore, the optimal surface roughness can be obtained without being limited by the material of the fine and complex internal flow channels. Consistent with the average contact length range of the abrasive tip, it can even achieve super mirror quality with an optimal surface roughness Ra of 0.05 μm. This breaks through the limitations of the principles of abrasive flow and water jet technology. The principle is that abrasive flow The technical cutting mechanism is the volume force generated by the extrusion of abrasive particles onto the surface. Therefore, pits and pitting are prone to occur when processing metals with low hardness and polymer flexible materials (Ra>0.8μm). In abrasive water jet technology, the cutting force is the erosion force caused by the impact of abrasive particles on the surface. Processing soft metals is prone to surface roughening (Ra>0.8μm).

In order to develop a finishing device corresponding to the above surface finishing method, the inventor found that the finishing device needs to provide a large pressure to the finishing medium to ensure sufficient speed of the finishing medium to achieve "knife-like" hard fluid shearing Friction and surface bumps are targeted for processing, and under very large pressure conditions, the requirements for pressure accuracy and fluctuation range are very high, in order to avoid the grinding and polishing of the finishing medium out of control and obtain the ideal finishing effect, and the inventor found , Since the two-phase flow finishing medium has a strong wear effect on the sealing system under high pressure, the sealing of the finishing system and the life of the corresponding sealing system are also issues that need to be solved.

Based on the above, after in-depth research, the inventor designed a device structure that combines vertical and horizontal types. Specifically, a vertical thrust system and a sealing system are used, combined with a horizontal conveying pipeline system. The finishing device adopts a vertical structure composed of a vertical plunger pump, a vertically moving piston, and a horizontal structure of the transportation pipeline. The synergy between the two ensures the pressure stability of the finishing medium during the finishing process, thereby ensuring Achieve reliable finishing results. Specifically, the vertical piston pump and the vertical structure of the piston and cylinder as well as the elbow structure are connected to the horizontal conveying pipeline and workpieces, that is, a combined vertical and horizontal structure is used in the finishing device. It not only makes clever use of the effect of gravity, so that the vertical piston pump, piston, and cylinder are not affected by the tilting force of gravity and provides very stable pressure, but also provides a larger operable workbench for finishing processing of workpieces. space; in addition, the length-to-diameter ratio of the transportation pipeline is greater than 10:1, and the outlet port diameter is greater than 3mm. The cross-sectional area of the previous-stage pipeline and the subsequent-stage pipeline of the two adjacent stages of the multi-stage pipeline The structure with a ratio greater than 1 realizes the optical adjustment of the transportation It can deliver high-quality saturated flow and also ensure the pressure stability of the finishing medium in the delivery pipeline. In addition, through the synergy of multiple grooves in the sealing system and corresponding multiple sealing rings, as well as the gap between the piston and the cylinder being 1mm to 2.5mm, the sealing system can not only seal the finishing medium well, but also The piston can also push smoothly when pushing the finishing medium, achieving a balance between sealing performance, pushing performance, and sealing system life.

It can be understood that the surface finishing device of the internal flow channel disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can provide large and stable pressure, which helps to solve the problem of small diameter of the internal flow channel (less than or equal to 3 mm) and large length-to-diameter ratio ( The problem that fine internal flow channels greater than or equal to 50:1) cannot be surface smoothed is obtained, so as to obtain fine internal flow channel workpieces with an optimal surface roughness Ra of the inner surface less than or equal to 1.6 μm. The workpiece can have a three-dimensional spatial direction. Fine and complex internal flow channel workpieces containing S-shaped bends, L-shaped bends, U-shaped bends, O-shaped bends, and spiral bends, such as aviation/aerospace/ship/automobile engine fuel nozzles, heat exchangers, hydraulic components, Oil circuit control throttle. In addition, it can be understood that the disclosure in the embodiments of the present application is not only applicable to the surface finishing method introduced, but can also be applied to other fluid processing methods that require high pressure and stability.

It should be explained that the terms "diameter" and "length" in the context mean equivalent diameter and equivalent length, and the aspect ratio is the ratio of equivalent length to equivalent diameter. Equivalent caliber, the cross-sectional shape of the internal flow channel can be circular, elliptical, etc., and the cross-sectional outline is composed of a closed curve (not a broken line). The cross-sectional shape of the inner flow channel can also be rectangular, triangular, etc., and the cross-sectional outline is composed of closed polylines. The cross-sectional profile is composed of any closed curve (non-polyline) or closed polyline. Since the cross-sectional profile is an irregular shape, the equivalent caliber is introduced. The equivalent caliber is defined as the actual cross-sectional area of any cross-sectional shape and any cross-sectional shape. Equal ideal circles, the diameter of this ideal circle is the equivalent diameter. The equivalent length refers to the entire distance traveled by the fluid in the inner flow channel between the two ports of the inner flow channel.

First, a surface finishing method of fine internal flow channels to which the finishing device of the present application can be applied is introduced, so as to facilitate understanding of the effect of the finishing device.

Referring to Figure 1, this application provides a surface finishing method for an internal flow channel, including:

A liquid-solid two-phase flow finishing medium is used, the liquid phase viscosity of the finishing medium is <1000cP, and the solid phase is abrasive particles;

A predetermined pressure is applied to the smoothing medium, so that the smoothing medium flows in the fine inner flow channel at a flow rate of >5m/s, and the smoothing medium flows into the internal flow rate of the fine inner flow channel at one end. , up to When the diameter of the fine inner flow channel reaches the saturation value that the flow rate can accommodate, the hydraulic pressure inside the inner flow channel is in a suppressed state;

The liquid here has a viscosity of less than 1000cP. The numerical description of the viscosity in this application refers to the Ubbelohde viscosity at normal temperature (about 25 degrees Celsius). The optimal value of the viscosity of the liquid phase corresponding to the smoothing method for fine internal flow channels of different materials, sizes, and initial average roughness can be obtained by continuously increasing the viscosity based on a lower limit value. The lower limit of viscosity in the current embodiment is about 50 cP. The inventor obtained through a large amount of test data that for the fine internal flow channels of common materials such as titanium alloys, high-temperature alloys, steel, ceramics, aluminum alloys, polymer materials, etc., the liquid phase The viscosity needs to be at least 50cP, and the roughness target value can be reached only after smoothing. The critical value 1000cP here is generally not the optimal value, but the limit value for the smoothing medium to flow continuously, smoothly and stably in the fine internal flow channel.

The liquid phase described in the embodiment takes the water-based liquid phase as an example. A certain thickening agent is added to the deionized water to make the water-based liquid have a certain viscosity. The beneficial effect of using water-based liquid is that it is low-cost, easy to obtain, and more environmentally friendly, and the finishing medium is easy to clean after finishing. However, it can be understood that the liquid phase here is not limited to water-based liquid, as long as it is a liquid with a viscosity μ<1000cP.

The material of solid phase abrasive grains can be common abrasive grain materials, such as carbide ceramics: including silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, etc.; oxide ceramics: including alumina, zirconia, cerium oxide, etc.; nitride ceramics: including nitride Boron, chromium nitride, etc.; natural minerals: including diamond/sand, mica, quartz, olivine, etc. Preferably, it can be one or more combinations of diamond/sand and oxide ceramics.

When selecting the particle size and mass concentration of abrasive particles, it is generally based on a lower limit value and gradually increases the range to obtain the optimal value. If the particle size and mass concentration of the abrasive particles are lower than the lower limit, the expected finishing effect cannot be achieved, that is, the fine internal flow channel cannot reach the target value of surface roughness. The principle is that if the particle size is too small, the abrasive particles Its own mass is too low to generate enough kinetic energy to achieve effective grinding and polishing. If the mass concentration is too small, the probability of grinding surface processing points is reduced and effective grinding and polishing cannot be achieved. The selection of the lower limit value is generally more conservative, for example, it can be , conservatively select any lower limit value without exceeding the upper limit of the particle size. The lower limit of the ratio of the inner flow channel diameter to the particle size of the abrasive particles is usually 20, that is, the inner flow channel diameter must ensure at least 20 abrasive grains. There is no clogging when passing through in parallel, that is, the upper limit of the particle size of the abrasive particles is usually 1/20 of the internal flow channel diameter, and the lower limit of the abrasive particles is generally 1/5 of the upper limit. The lower limit of the mass concentration of abrasive particles is generally 10g/L. The selection of the lower limit value is generally more conservative because the pressure of the system is relatively large. If abrasive particles are blocked, it will lead to scrapping of the workpiece and the system, or even failure. Cracking and exploding. Therefore, on the basis of the prescribed lower limit, gradually increase the particle size and mass concentration of abrasive particles until significant flow resistance occurs due to excessive abrasive particle size or too high mass concentration, causing a decrease in flow rate and flow rate, and grinding. The collision between particles affects the flow rate and then reduces the flow rate and grinding effect. That is, the optimal value can be obtained through experiments based on the lower limit value.

A predetermined pressure is applied to the smoothing medium, so that the smoothing medium flows at a flow rate of >5m/s in the fine inner flow channel. The predetermined pressure here refers to the use of this pressure in the initial state of the finishing process so that the finishing medium flows at a flow rate of >5m/s inside the fine inner flow channel. As the finishing progresses, the internal As the surface roughness of the flow channel decreases, under the same pressure conditions, the flow rate of the smooth medium in the fine inner flow channel will become faster and faster. It can be understood that since the achieved flow rate is a range, the predetermined pressure here is a concept of a range, rather than a specific value that can only be applied to the smooth medium. To measure the flow velocity of the smooth medium inside the fine inner flow channel, immersion measurement cannot be used, otherwise the abrasive particles will damage any sensor probe. Ultrasonic velocity measurement can be used, or the Hagen-Poasui law of viscous fluids can be used: Indirect measurement is performed; in the formula, D is the diameter of the internal flow channel, l is the length of the fine internal flow channel, p is the pressure difference acting on both ends of the fine internal flow channel, that is, the hydraulic pressure p, Re is the Reynolds number, u _m is the flow rate of the liquid phase in the water-based two-phase flow, ρ _l is the density of the liquid phase, and the flow rate of the liquid phase is roughly equal to the flow rate of the smoothing medium.

The flow velocity of the smooth medium is greater than 5m/s, which is based on the theoretical critical conditions for forming a non-Newtonian fluid and the critical value obtained by the inventor's long-term practice. Engineering fluid mechanics data shows (for example, books and materials: Yang Shuren, Wang Zhiming, He Guangyu, et al. Engineering Fluid Mechanics [M]. Petroleum Industry Press, 2006.) that pure water with a viscosity of 1cP reaches the critical motion velocity of non-Newtonian fluid >16.6m /s, and the lower limit of the viscosity of the liquid phase in this embodiment is 50 cP, which is greater than 1 cP, so the critical flow velocity of the non-Newtonian fluid is less than 16.6 m/s. At the same time, combined with the practical results, the inventor found that the ideal processing effect cannot be obtained when it is less than 5m/s, so the critical value is 5m/s.

The smooth medium flows into the internal flow rate at one end of the fine inner flow channel, reaching the saturation value that the diameter of the fine inner flow channel can accommodate. The hydraulic pressure inside the inner flow channel is in a suppressed state, which is what is known in the art. The state of saturated flow.

The meaning of the saturation value of the accommodating flow rate and the state of the saturated flow rate here is that when the fluid flows into the pipe, the pipe cross section is filled, and the pipe cross section can accommodate the maximum number of fluid molecules in parallel.

It can be understood that the beneficial effects of adopting the finishing method of the above embodiment are:

By using the liquid phase of the smoothing medium with a viscosity of less than 1000cP, the flow rate of the two-phase smoothing medium in the fine inner flow channel is >5m/s, and the flow rate flowing into the fine inner flow channel at one end is achieved. The caliber of the fine inner flow channel can accommodate the saturation value of the flow, and the hydraulic pressure inside the inner flow channel is in a suppressed state, forming a means for the saturated flow rate of the liquid relative to the fine inner flow channel, that is, through the low viscosity liquid phase, fluid The synergistic effect of flow rate and saturation flow solves the problem of finishing processing of fine internal flow channels. The principle is that, first of all, due to the synergistic effect of the low viscosity liquid phase, fluid flow rate and saturated flow rate, the smooth medium is in a low viscosity and high flow rate state, so that it can smoothly enter the fine internal flow channels and flow within the fine internal flow channels. A state of non-Newtonian fluid is formed in the channel. The fluid boundary layer is parallel to the surface of the inner flow channel. The shear friction of the abrasive particles in the hard liquid phase like a "knife" enables targeted processing of surface convex points, which in principle overcomes the problem of surface convexity in flexible machining. The problem that points and pits can only be slightly brightened when processed at the same time. At the same time, because of the micro-cutting force generated by the friction between the abrasive grains of the finishing medium and the surface of the fine inner flow channel, it can be achieved without being limited by the material of the fine inner flow channel. Obtain the optimal surface roughness consistent with the average contact length range of the abrasive tip, which breaks through the limitations of the principles of abrasive flow and water jet technology. The principle is that the cutting mechanism of abrasive flow technology is the extrusion of abrasive particles on the surface. Because of the volume force, pits and pitting are prone to occur when processing metals with low hardness and flexible polymer materials (Ra>0.8μm). In abrasive water jet technology, the cutting force is the erosion force caused by the impact of abrasive particles on the surface. Processing soft metals is prone to surface roughening (Ra>0.8μm). In addition, the fluid dynamics conformal processing method of low viscosity and high flow rate causes the inner flow channel surface steps, sharp corners, geometric contour curvature and other positions that do not conform to fluid engineering to be polished more heavily. Inflection points, sharp edges, inner flow channels, etc. The contour curvature and hole shape will achieve geometric streamline shaping, further improving the fluid movement performance of the internal flow channel. In addition, the above embodiments propose that the critical flow rate for achieving targeted processing of surface bumps by utilizing the flow rate of the finishing medium to achieve hard non-Newtonian fluid and abrasive shear friction similar to that of a tool is 5 m/s.

As for the processing time of the smoothing medium in the fine inner flow channel, the smoothing medium can finish the fine inner flow channel in a standard time period until the optimal surface roughness of the fine inner flow channel is the target value. The standard time period here can be a predetermined continuous period of time, or it can be an intermittent period of time, or it can be a non-predetermined continuous period of time after the start, when the flow rate of the smoothing medium is detected to reach a fine internal flow. After the optimal surface roughness of the channel reaches the flow rate corresponding to the target value, the finishing process automatically stops. For example, as mentioned above, in some embodiments, after starting processing, the smoothing medium in the fine inner flow channel is measured. The flow velocity or flow rate indirectly represents the optimal surface roughness. When the flow velocity or flow value reaches the specified value, the corresponding optimal surface roughness reaches the target value. At this time, the finishing process is stopped manually or automatically. The optimal surface roughness here is The meaning of the target value is not limited to the need to directly measure the optimal surface roughness, but can also be characterized indirectly. For example, as described above, the flow rate, flow rate, etc. of the smooth medium inside the fine internal flow channel can be characterized. The above target value refers to the set optimal surface roughness value, which generally refers to the requirements for the final optimal surface roughness of the fine internal flow channel, but it does not rule out further finishing after the above finishing step. , what is set at this time is not the final optimal surface roughness requirement.

To sum up, the finishing method introduced in the above embodiments uses a low-viscosity, high-speed solid-liquid two-phase fluid to achieve the saturated flow rate and two-phase flow rate of the inner flow channel to be processed by constructing a hydraulic pressure system at both ends of the inner flow channel to be processed. The combination of the micro-cutting mechanism caused by the high-speed friction of the abrasive particles in the flow with the surface of the inner flow channel solves the long-standing problem in the industry of finishing fine inner flow channels with diameters less than or equal to 3mm and length-to-diameter ratios greater than or equal to 50:1. problem.

Referring to FIGS. 2 to 4 , in some embodiments, the present application provides a finishing device 100 , including: a thrust system 101 , multiple sealing systems 102 , and multiple conveying pipeline systems 103 .

Each sealing system 102 includes a piston 21 and a cylinder 18 mated with the piston 21 for accommodating the finishing medium 8 for finishing processing. The thrust system 101 is connected to one end of the piston 21 to provide driving force for the piston 21 to push Finished media 8 is output from the outlet end 190 of the cylinder 18 .

Each conveying pipeline system 103 transports the finishing medium 8 contained in the corresponding sealing system 102 to different ports of the inner flow channel workpiece 34 for finishing, such as a set of sealing systems 102 and the conveying pipeline system 103 shown in FIG. 2 Corresponding to the inlet of the workpiece 34, another set corresponds to the outlet, so that multiple sealing systems are connected through the workpiece 34. The upstream end of the transportation pipeline system 103 is connected to the outlet end 190 of the sealing system 102, and the downstream end is used to output the finishing medium 8 for finishing the inner flow channel workpiece 34. The aspect ratio of the transportation pipeline system 103 is greater than 10:1. , and the outlet port diameter is greater than 3 mm, the transportation pipeline system 103 has multi-stage pipelines, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the previous stage pipeline and the subsequent stage pipeline of the two adjacent stages is greater than 1.

The thrust system 101 includes a vertical plunger pump 5. The vertical plunger pump 5 is connected to the piston 21 to provide driving force so that the piston 21 can move along the vertical direction relative to the cylinder 18. The multi-stage pipeline includes a first stage. The pipeline 22, and the adjacent second-level pipeline 23 located downstream of the first-level pipeline, the first-level pipeline includes an elbow structure connected to the outlet end 190 of the cylinder 18, and the elbow structure is connected to the horizontal Extend the second-level pipeline 23 to connect, thus realizing the combination of vertical structure and horizontal structure.

The thrust system 101 may be a hydraulic system, as shown in Figure 2, including a motor 1, a hydraulic oil tank 2, a hydraulic pump 3, a supercharger 6, a vertical plunger pump 5 and an oil pipe 4. The motor 1 drives the hydraulic pump 2 from the oil tank. 2 hits Hydraulic oil of a certain pressure is taken, and the pressure oil supercharged by the supercharger 6 is transported to the vertical plunger pump 5 . The vertical plunger pump 5 is connected to the piston 21 through the ball head 13 to drive the piston 21 to push the finishing medium 8 to be output from the output end 190 of the cylinder 18 . Using a motor-driven hydraulic system, it not only has larger thrust but also has higher thrust accuracy.

Corresponding to the structure of the vertical plunger pump 5, the sealing system 102 also needs to be a vertical structure, that is, the movement direction of the piston 21 relative to the cylinder 18 is relative to the vertical direction, but the corresponding processing workpiece 34 needs to be horizontal. , so the change of direction can be completed through the delivery pipeline system.

The beneficial effect of using the above embodiment is that by using a vertical plunger pump, a vertical structure composed of a vertically moving piston, and a horizontal structure of the conveying pipeline in the finishing device, the synergy between the two ensures that the finishing medium Pressure stability during the finishing process, thereby achieving reliable finishing effects. Specifically, the vertical piston pump and the vertical structure of the piston and cylinder as well as the elbow structure are connected to the horizontal conveying pipeline and workpieces, that is, a combined vertical and horizontal structure is used in the finishing device. It not only makes clever use of gravity, so that the vertical piston pump, piston, and cylinder are not affected by the tilting force of gravity and provides very stable pressure, but also provides a larger operable workbench for finishing processing of workpieces. space; in addition, the length-to-diameter ratio of the transportation pipeline is greater than 10:1, and the outlet port diameter is greater than 3mm. The cross-sectional area of the previous-stage pipeline and the subsequent-stage pipeline of the two adjacent stages of the multi-stage pipeline The structure with a ratio greater than 1 realizes the transportation of the saturated flow rate of the conveyed finishing medium, and also ensures the pressure stability of the finishing medium in the transportation pipeline.

Multiple sealing systems 102 are used to communicate with the workpiece 34, that is, multiple sealing systems 102 are interconnected through the workpiece 34 to achieve fluid exchange, that is, one sealing system 102 outputs the finishing medium 8 to the workpiece 34, and the other sealing system 102 receives the workpiece from the workpiece. 34 flows out of the finishing medium 8. When the finishing medium 8 of one sealing system 102 is consumed, the other sealing system 102 can continue to finish the workpiece 34 in the reverse direction through the finishing medium 8 it receives. That is, the other sealing system 102 outputs the finishing medium 8 to the workpiece 34 at this time, and the consumed sealing system 102 receives the finishing medium 8 flowing out from the workpiece 34 at this time, so that there is always at least one sealing system 102 to accommodate it. The finishing medium 8 can be provided to the workpiece 34 to ensure the continuous and uninterrupted finishing operation of the workpiece 34, making the finishing process efficient.

As shown in Figure 2, the finishing device 100 can also include an operation module, including a touch operation display screen 10, a start and stop switch 9 for turning on or off the device, and an emergency stop switch 11 for forcibly closing the device, and can be used for external processing Operation console 12 for operating modules, etc.

The number of sealing systems 102 and conveying pipeline systems 103 is two as shown in the figure, but is not limited to this. The number of thrust systems 101 can be one thrust system for each sealing system 102 shown in the figure. 101.

The cylinder 18 limits the space through the bottom plate and the top plate 19. The bottom plate and the top plate 19 can be connected to the cylinder 18 through bolts 7. The space between the piston 21 and the top plate 19 accommodates the finishing medium 8, and the opening of the top plate 19 is the sealing system 102. The exit port is 190. The diameter ratio of the cylinder 18 to the outlet end 190 is 10-32 to further pressurize the finishing medium. Referring to FIG. 4 , in some embodiments, the cross-sectional area ratio of the first-stage pipeline 22 and the second-stage pipeline 23 can be 1.2 to 1.8, so that the smoothing medium can be pressurized stably and slowly. And maintain saturated flow. In some embodiments, the multi-stage pipeline may also include an adjacent third-stage pipeline 32 located downstream of the second-stage pipeline 22. The cross-sectional area ratio of the second-stage pipeline 22 and the third-stage pipeline 32 is 1.2 to 1.8, as shown in the figure, the length of the third-stage pipeline 32 can be shorter, similar to the form of a joint. It adopts a three-stage pipeline with a cross-sectional area ratio of each stage of 1.2 to 1.8 to achieve stable and slow pressurization and maintain saturated flow, which not only ensures stable pressure conditions for the finishing medium, but also ensures that the delivery pipe The strength, reliability and service life of the road system 103.

Referring to FIG. 4 , in some embodiments, the finishing device may also include a tooling 31 . The tooling 31 has at least two ports 310 corresponding to at least one inlet and at least one outlet of the workpiece 34 . The tooling 31 can pass through the workbench. The three-axis caliper 33 is stably fixed and installed, and the workpiece 34 can be clamped and fixed inside the tool 31 through the tool clamping bolts 30 . The ratio of the diameter of the third pipeline 32 to the port cross-sectional area of the connected tool 31 can be 1.2 to 2.2. Such beneficial effects are similar to the above, achieving stable and slow pressurization and maintaining saturated flow rate. It can be noted that the upper limit of the port cross-sectional area ratio of the third pipeline 32 and the tool 31 connected to it can be 2.2, which is higher than the upper limit of the cross-sectional area ratio between the pipelines of 1.8. This is because the tool 31 is generally For frequent replacement, the requirements on service life are not as strict as those of pipelines, so the upper limit of the cross-sectional area ratio can be set larger. In some embodiments, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the tool port to the workpiece 34 port should be greater than 1, but not more than 10, and the two can be sealed with epoxy resin sealing. If the ratio is greater than 1, the flow channel in the workpiece can reach saturated flow. However, if it is too large, the inventor found that it will cause excessive pressure relief at the port of the workpiece 34. The strength and sealing requirements of the connection between the port and the workpiece are very high. There may even be safety accidents such as broken connections, so the inventor found that the ratio should not exceed 10. It can be understood that many ports 310 suitable for internal flow channels of workpieces of different diameters can be reserved on the tooling 31 . When one of the ports is in use, the other unused ports can Seal the connection with bolts. The clamping bolt 30 of the tooling 31 includes an upper clamping bolt and a lower clamping bolt of the tooling, which can clamp workpieces 34 of different sizes, and adjust the tooling port and the workpiece inner flow channel port to the tooling port and the multi-stage pipe. Road ports are on the same axis.

The inventor found that by using the multi-stage pipeline transmission pipeline system introduced in the above embodiments, combined with the structure of the thrust system of the hydraulic pump and the vertical plunger pump, and the combined vertical and horizontal architecture, it is possible to provide more than 50MPa. In the case of thrust, high accuracy can still be achieved (error is 0.01MPa), and the pressure fluctuation during operation is very small, between plus and minus 0.1%, so the finishing method introduced above can be implemented very effectively.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, for the sealing system 102, the inventor found that since a large pressure needs to be provided to the finishing medium, the sealing problem between the piston 21 and the wall of the cylinder 18 is particularly important, and, While ensuring sealing, it is also necessary to ensure that the movement of the piston 21 along the inner wall of the cylinder 18 is smooth.

The piston 21 has at least a first groove 211 and a second groove 210 from the top to the bottom. The sealing system 102 also includes a sealing ring located between the piston 21 and the cylinder 18 , including a first groove 211 disposed in the first groove 211 . The sealing ring 17 and the second sealing ring 170 provided in the second groove 210, the radial gap between the piston 21 and the cylinder 18 is 1 mm to 2.5 mm, using multi-stage grooves and multi-stage The sealing ring and the structure with a gap of 1mm to 2.5mm between the piston and the cylinder allow the first-stage sealing ring to filter the abrasive particles in the two-phase flow, while the second-stage sealing ring seals the pure liquid phase, such as the water-based liquid phase. In order to achieve good sealing performance for the smooth medium, within the gap range of 1 mm to 2.5 mm, the inventor found that a good sealing effect can be maintained and the piston can be smoothly moved along the wall of the cylinder 18 to push the light. Whole media 18 output.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 3 , the first groove 211 of the piston 21 has a split structure. The top surface 212 of the body of the piston 21 is a flat surface, on which a cover plate 20 is detachably provided. The periphery of the cover plate 20 has a slope 201 , the inclined surface 201 and the top surface of the piston 21 form a single-sided inclined groove, forming the first groove 211; the second groove 210 is opened on the side wall of the piston, and the material of the first sealing ring 17 is a hard polymer material. The material of the second sealing ring 170 is a soft polymer material. The principle is that the inventor found that due to the high pressure, no matter how the first sealing ring is sealed, abrasive particles will embed from the gap between the cylinder wall and the sealing ring and scratch the sealing ring, so a single-sided chute and The structure of the hard sealing ring guides the abrasive particles to actively embed/score into the first sealing ring 17 to form an embedded self-sealing structure, so the first sealing ring 17 is made of a hard polymer material. And in the first sealing ring After 17 actively embeds most of the abrasive grains, the material that the second sealing ring 170 needs to seal is the liquid phase in the two-phase flow, so a soft second sealing ring 170 is used for sealing. The first groove 211 needs to be a split structure because the inventor found that since the first sealing ring 17 adopts a hard polymer structure and is subject to great pressure, it is impossible to directly open a groove on the side wall of the piston. The first sealing ring 17 is fixed, so a split structure is adopted. During assembly, the first sealing ring is first placed on the top surface 212 of the body of the piston 21, and then the cover plate 20 is tightened with the bolts 7. In some embodiments, the single-sided inclined groove, that is, the inclination angle of the inclined surface 201 is greater than 60° to provide sufficient pressing force.

In some embodiments, the specific materials of the first sealing ring 17 and the second sealing ring 170 may be: the polymer material of the first sealing ring satisfies: a flexural modulus of 1.9 GPa to 3.6 GPa, and an elongation of 60% to 120%. , Knoop hardness 90HK-100HK. Therefore, the first sealing ring 17 has a certain stiffness and is not prone to obvious deformation. At the same time, it must have good surface self-lubrication, low extrusion shrinkage, and the abrasive particles can better embed and wear the material. After the particles are embedded, they tend to continue to slide in the material. The polymer material of the second sealing ring 170 meets the following requirements: flexural modulus 0.2GPa～0.25GPa, elongation 300%～380%, and bending strength 80～100MPa, so that the second sealing ring 170 has good elasticity and can Obvious telescopic deformation, and at the same time, it must have a significant squeezable shrinkage length to seal the water base, and a high bending strength, otherwise it will easily break after movement and bending.

In some embodiments, the material of the first sealing ring 17 can be one of pp, polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon, and peek, and the material of the second sealing ring 170 can be one of silicone, rubber, and nitrile. The above materials Easy to obtain and low cost.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 3 , the second groove 211 may include at least two grooves from the top to the bottom, including a first sub-groove 2111 and a second sub-groove 2112 , wherein the second sub-groove The ratio of the depth of 2112 to the depth of the first sub-groove 2111 is 1.2 to 1.5. Furthermore, a third sub-groove 2113 can be further opened in the bottom direction of the second sub-groove 2112, and even more sub-grooves can be further opened. The ratio of the depth of the second sub-groove 2112 to the depth of the third sub-groove 2113 is 1.2˜1.5. The second sealing rings 170 corresponding to the first sub-groove 2111, the second sub-groove 2112, and the third sub-groove 2113 are sealing rings 16, 15, and 14 respectively. Their functions are to seal water. The shape of the grooves can be Using a trapezoidal groove that is easy to process and fix the sealing ring, the second sub-groove 2112 is deeper than its adjacent first sub-groove 2111 and third sub-groove 2113. The beneficial effect is that the fluid phase of the finishing medium can be improved. To achieve graded and reliable sealing, the first sub-groove 2111 achieves preliminary sealing, the second sub-groove 2112 achieves complete sealing, and the third sub-groove 2113 achieves safety sealing.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 3 , in some embodiments, the cylinder wall of the cylinder 18 has a coating. The coating has a thickness of 50 μm˜220 μm, a hardness of 1500HV˜2200HV, and the material is oxide, carbide, or boron. One or a combination of oxide and nitride ceramics. Its beneficial effect is to ensure the reliability of sealing effect. The principle is that the inventor found that during the operation of the device, due to the high-speed movement of the two-phase flow of the fluid phase and the abrasive solid phase, the abrasive particles will be mixed in the gap between the sealing ring and the cylinder body to cause friction on the cylinder wall. Once the cylinder wall is scratched by friction, it will cause complete failure of the sealing system and leakage of the fluid phase, so the cylinder wall must be hard. The coating process introduced above can be achieved by flame spraying WC coating in the special cylinder cavity to improve the wear resistance of the cylinder wall. The specific components of the cylinder flame spray WC coating are: WC powder particle size 15~100μm, WC powder content >85%, molybdenum powder content 1%~4%, silicon powder content 1%~5%, boron powder content 1~5 %, after flame spraying and sintering, a molybdenum silicon boron alloy phase is formed in the WC coating. The molybdenum silicon boron alloy has a low friction coefficient, and is doped in the WC coating as a reinforcing phase to improve the strength and hardness of the WC coating. The particle temperature during spraying is <1500 degrees Celsius, which reduces the thermal deformation of the cylinder after heating at low temperatures and ensures the final cylinder size accuracy. The spray distance is 10mm~50mm, and the smaller spray distance ensures that the coating bonding force is >100MPa. In some embodiments, the surface roughness of the coating is Ra 0.05 μm ~ 0.4 μm, the roundness of the cylinder is ≤ 100 μm and the cylindricity is ≤ 200 μm, and the diameter of the cylinder is 100 mm ~ 400 mm to prevent relative movement between the piston and the cylinder The occurrence of roll force will damage the coating and lead to peeling, further ensuring the life of the sealing system and the reliability of the sealing effect. The process to achieve this effect can be surface honing of the coating. The honing tool uses a zirconia ceramic tool. The honing speed is <80 rpm. The lower speed ensures that the coating will not peel off, chip or fall off during the honing process.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 2 , the finishing device 10 may further include a diagnostic device having a flow rate and/or flow sensor and a pressure sensor for sensing the flow rate and/or flow rate and pressure of the finishing medium, thereby diagnosing The status of the finishing process. The sensor can be installed relatively close to the upstream end of the workpiece 34. The principle is that the inventor found that if the finishing process proceeds normally, the flow rate/flow rate/pressure of the finishing medium at the upstream end of the fine inner flow channel will only be affected by the inner flow channel. Influence of configuration and internal flow channel surface quality. The flow resistance and flow rate of the internal flow channel will produce a reaction force that directly acts on the upstream end flow rate/flow rate/pressure. The cross-sectional area of the downstream end of the inner flow channel is larger than that of the inner flow channel. Therefore, after the polishing medium flows out of the inner flow channel, it is in an "unloaded" free flow state to the downstream end. The downstream end of the inner flow channel will not affect the flow rate/flow rate/pressure of the upstream end. . Therefore, it is only necessary to measure the change of the inlet velocity at the upstream end to reflect the processing quality of the inner flow channel.

The pressure sensor includes a high-sensitivity piezoelectric quartz sensor 28 and a high-resolution multi-channel data acquisition The integrated device 27 monitors the pressure gauge 29 data of multiple ports in real time and completely records the quasi-static and highly dynamic pressure processes during the finishing process, thereby obtaining accurate flow resistance data in each flow channel to ensure the optimal finishing effect. The flow rate and/or flow sensor includes a flow rate flow meter 24, a flow rate flow piezoelectric sensor 25, and a flow rate flow data collector 26. The ultrasonic flow meter based on the principle of ultrasonic measurement and the Doppler method synchronizes the flow rate flow of multiple ports. Ultrasonic is a non-contact measurement, which can completely avoid damage to the flow meter by two-phase flow, greatly improve the overall system response sensitivity, and obtain the optimal finishing time.

Although the present invention is disclosed in the above embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make possible changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. A finishing device, characterized in that it includes:

   thrust system;

   Multiple sealing systems, each sealing system includes a piston and a cylinder that cooperates with the piston and is used to accommodate the finishing medium for finishing processing. The thrust system is connected to one end of the piston, and the sealing system is Provide driving force to push the finishing medium to be output from the outlet end of the cylinder;

   Multiple conveying pipeline systems, each conveying pipeline system transports the finishing medium contained in the corresponding sealing system to different ports of the inner flow channel workpiece for finishing, and the multiple sealing systems are connected through the inner flow channel workpiece ; The upstream end of the transportation pipeline system is connected to the outlet end of the sealing system, and the downstream end is used to output the finishing medium to the inner flow channel workpiece for finishing, and the length-to-diameter ratio of the transportation pipeline system is greater than 10 ∶1, and the outlet port diameter is greater than 3mm, the transportation pipeline system has multi-stage pipelines, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the previous stage pipeline and the subsequent stage pipeline of the adjacent two stages of pipelines is greater than 1;

   Wherein, the thrust system of the finishing device includes a vertical piston pump, and the vertical piston pump is connected with the piston to provide driving force so that the piston can move in a vertical direction relative to the cylinder, and the The multi-stage pipeline includes a first-stage pipeline and an adjacent second-stage pipeline located downstream of the first-stage pipeline. The first-stage pipeline includes an elbow connected to the outlet end of the cylinder. Head structure, and the elbow structure is connected to the horizontally extending second-level pipeline;

   The piston has at least a first groove and a second groove from the top to the bottom. The sealing system also includes a sealing ring located between the piston and the cylinder, including a first groove disposed in the first groove. A sealing ring, and a second sealing ring disposed in the second groove, the radial gap between the piston and the cylinder is 1 mm to 2.5 mm; the first groove is a split structure, and the The top surface of the piston is a flat surface, and a cover plate is detachably provided on it. The periphery of the cover plate has an inclined surface, and the inclined surface and the top surface of the piston form a single-sided inclined groove to form the first groove; The second groove is opened on the side wall of the piston; the material of the first sealing ring is a hard material, and the material of the second sealing ring is a soft material.
2. The finishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional area ratio of the first-stage pipeline and the second-stage pipeline is 1.2 to 1.8.
3. The finishing device of claim 2, wherein the multi-stage pipeline further includes a third-stage pipeline adjacently connected downstream of the second-stage pipeline, and the second-stage pipeline is connected to the second-stage pipeline. The cross-sectional area ratio of the third-stage pipeline is 1.2 to 1.8.
4. The finishing device according to claim 3, further comprising a tooling, the tooling having a port, the cross-sectional area ratio of the third-level pipeline to the port of the tooling being 1.2 to 2.2, the tooling having a port. The cross-sectional area ratio of the port to the flow channel port in the workpiece is 1.2 to 10.
5. The finishing device according to claim 1, wherein the second groove includes at least two grooves from the top to the bottom, including a first sub-groove and a second sub-groove, wherein the The ratio of the depth of the second sub-groove to the depth of the first sub-groove is 1.2 to 1.5.
6. The finishing device according to claim 1, wherein the inclination angle of the single-sided chute is greater than 60°.
7. The finishing device according to claim 1, wherein the material of the first sealing ring meets the following requirements: flexural modulus 1.9-3.6 GPa, elongation 60%-120%, and Knoop hardness 90HK-100HK; The material of the second sealing ring meets the following requirements: flexural modulus 0.2GPa～0.25GPa, elongation 300%～380%, and flexural strength 80MPa～100MPa.
8. The finishing device according to claim 7, wherein the material of the first sealing ring is one of pp, polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon and peek, and the material of the second sealing ring is silicone, rubber, One of the nitriles.
9. The finishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder wall of the cylinder has a coating, the thickness of the coating is 50 μm ~ 220 μm, the hardness is 1500HV ~ 2200HV, and the material is oxide or carbide , one or a combination of boride and nitride ceramics.
10. The finishing device according to claim 9, wherein the surface roughness of the coating is Ra 0.05 μm to 0.4 μm, the cylinder roundness ≤ 100 μm and the cylindricity ≤ 200 μm.
11. The finishing device according to claim 1, further comprising a diagnostic device having a flow rate and/or flow sensor and a pressure sensor for sensing the flow rate and/or flow rate of the finishing medium, and pressure.
12. The finishing device according to claim 1, wherein the finishing medium includes a liquid phase and a solid phase, the viscosity of the liquid phase is <1000 cP, the solid phase includes abrasive particles, and the workpiece to be finished is fine. Internal flow channel parts, the diameter is less than or equal to 3mm and the aspect ratio is greater than or equal to 50:1.
13. A finishing method for internal flow channels, characterized in that the finishing device according to any one of claims 1 to 12 is used, the finishing medium includes a liquid phase and a solid phase, and the viscosity of the liquid phase is < 1000cP, the solid phase includes abrasive particles, and the workpiece for finishing is a fine internal flow channel piece with a diameter less than or equal to 3mm. and the aspect ratio is greater than or equal to 50:1, the thrust system of the finishing device applies a predetermined pressure to the finishing medium, so that the finishing medium flows in the fine inner flow channel at a flow rate of >5m/s , and the flow rate of the smoothing medium flowing into the fine inner flow channel at one end reaches the saturation value that the diameter of the fine inner flow channel can accommodate, so that the hydraulic pressure inside the inner flow channel is in a suppressed state. .
14. A sealing system for the finishing device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it includes:

    The piston, the cylinder mated with the piston and the sealing ring between the two are used to accommodate the finishing medium for finishing processing. The piston can reciprocate along the extension direction of the cylinder wall of the cylinder. , a thrust system is connected with one end of the piston to provide driving force to the piston;

    Wherein, the piston has at least a first groove and a second groove from top to bottom, and the sealing system also includes a sealing ring located between the piston and the cylinder, including a sealing ring disposed in the first groove. A first sealing ring, and a second sealing ring provided in the second groove, the radial gap between the piston and the cylinder is 1 mm to 2.5 mm;

    The first groove has a split structure, the top surface of the piston is a flat surface, and a cover plate is detachably provided on it. The periphery of the cover plate has an inclined surface, and the inclined surface forms a single unit with the top surface of the piston. A side chute forms the first groove; the second groove is opened on the side wall of the piston.