CN114734366A

CN114734366A - Finishing device, finishing method and sealing system

Info

Publication number: CN114734366A
Application number: CN202210659826.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 雷力明; 米天健; 王小康; 樊林娜; 王威; 周新民; 高军帅
Original assignee: Shaanxi Jinxintian Titanium Material Technology Co ltd; AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shaanxi Jinxintian Titanium Material Technology Co ltd; AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-13
Filing date: 2022-06-13
Publication date: 2022-07-12
Anticipated expiration: 2042-06-13
Also published as: WO2023241412A2; CN114734366B; WO2023241412A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a finishing device, a finishing method and a sealing system. The sealing and finishing device comprises a thrust system and a plurality of sealing systems, wherein each sealing system comprises a piston and a cylinder body matched with the piston; and each conveying pipeline system conveys the finishing medium contained in the corresponding sealing system to different ports of the inner runner workpiece for finishing, and the plurality of sealing systems are communicated through the inner runner workpiece. Wherein, finishing device's thrust system includes vertical plunger pump, vertical plunger pump with the piston is connected in order to provide drive power for the piston can move for the cylinder body along vertical direction, multistage pipeline includes first order pipeline, and is located the adjacent second level pipeline of connecting of first order pipeline low reaches, first order pipeline include with the elbow structure that the exit end of cylinder body is connected, just the elbow structure extends second level pipeline with the level and is connected.

Description

Finishing device, finishing method and sealing system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of precision machining of an inner runner, in particular to a finishing device, a finishing method and a sealing system.

Background

The parts with the fine and complex inner flow passage structure are widely applied to the industrial fields of aerospace, ships, nuclear, automobiles, molds and the like, particularly, parts related to a fluid power system often have the fine flow passage, the deep small hole, complex inner cavity structures such as the communication of the fine flow passage and the deep small hole and the like, and have the functions of conveying, exchanging or applying hydraulic pressure to fluid, such as fuel nozzles of various engines of the aerospace, ships and automobiles, heat exchangers, hydraulic components, oil passage control throttlers and the like.

The process technology for machining the micro complex inner flow passage comprises precision machining, femtosecond/water guide/long pulse laser machining, electric spark machining, additive manufacturing (3D printing) and the like. Except for an additive manufacturing technology, the micro-complicated inner flow passage processed by other single processes has a relatively simple structure and a small length-diameter ratio, and can be processed by combining other combined processes such as welding and the like. The problems of burrs, sharp corners of inflection points or tool-connecting steps and the like can be caused by the micro-fine complex inner flow channel machined by a precision machine; the surface of the inner flow channel processed by the femtosecond laser can generate adhered residual particles and a surface step effect; a remelted layer is generated on the surface of the inner runner processed by the water guide/long pulse laser and the electric spark; additive manufacturing (3D printing) is a technology for dispersing a complex three-dimensional structure part model into a two-dimensional structure to perform layer-by-layer superposition forming, and makes integrated forming of complex fine and complex inner runner parts possible, so that the application of the method in the industrial fields of aerospace, automobiles, molds and the like is increased day by day. However, in the process of molding a part by using the additive manufacturing technology, due to the self process characteristics of temperature gradient, layer-by-layer molding and the like, semi-sintered or bonded powder particles and a surface step effect exist on the surface of a flow channel in the part.

Machining burrs, femtosecond laser machining inner flow passage adhesion sintering particles, additive manufacturing inner flow passage surface bonding powder and the like all influence the use performance and safety of parts: when fluid introduced into the inner flow passage rubs with the surface layer at a high speed to cause burrs, adhered residue particles or bonded powder to fall off, the fluid becomes redundant and diffuses everywhere along with the fluid, or an oil way is blocked or a mechanical abrasion fault is caused, thereby causing a major safety accident; the inner surface with large roughness is easy to become a fatigue crack source in the long-term use process, and the carbon deposition phenomenon is easy to occur if the inner surface is a high-temperature oil way system; the machining of knife lines, inflection point sharp corners or knife connecting steps on the surface of a flow channel, the femtosecond laser and the step phenomenon of machining the surface of an inner flow channel in additive manufacturing can cause turbulence, vortex and sharp increase of on-way resistance of fluid in the motion process of the fluid, even cause the fluid to be out of control, generate vibration and reduce the service life of parts. The rough surface can also generate a large amount of cavitation bubbles in the fluid to influence combustion and hydraulic power, and even generate cavitation corrosion; for the inner flow channel and the communicating small hole of some parts (such as hollow blades) made of specific materials, the parts fail prematurely due to the fact that micro cracks are prone to occur on the surface of a remelted layer, and therefore the thickness of the remelted layer is required to be reduced or the remelted layer is not allowed to occur.

Therefore, when the channel surface in the fluid dynamic part is processed by the technologies such as precision machining, femtosecond/water guide/long pulse laser processing, electric spark processing, additive manufacturing (3D printing) and the like, the adverse problems of residues such as burrs, bonding powder and sintered particles, surface roughness, a re-melted layer and the like are caused, and the performance requirement of the product can be met only after the adverse effects are eliminated by adopting a proper surface finishing technology.

However, the technology for effectively finishing the surface of the fine and complex inner flow channel does not appear at present, so that the roughness of the inner surface of the fine and complex inner flow channel workpiece manufactured by the additive manufacturing only has the original average roughness after the additive manufacturing at presentRa is more than or equal to 6.3 mu m, and the surface optimal roughness of the inner flow passage does not appearRa is less than or equal to 1.6 mu m, and the surface optimal roughness of the inner flow channel does not appear on the micro complex inner flow channel workpiece processed by laser and electric sparkRa is less than or equal to 0.8 μm; and surface optimum roughness of inner flow channel for machined micro-complicated inner flow channel workpieceRa is less than or equal to 0.4 mu m, and the existing micro-complicated inner flow channel cannot be realized by machining only capable of linear feeding if the existing micro-complicated inner flow channel has complicated special-shaped flow channels such as S-shaped bend, L-shaped bend, U-shaped bend, O-shaped bend and the like, but can be realized only by additive manufacturing and the like, so that the optimal roughness of the surface of the micro-complicated inner flow channel manufactured by the additive manufacturing does not appear at presentRa is less than or equal to 1.6 μm.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a finishing device, a finishing method and a sealing system.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a finishing apparatus comprising a thrust system; the thrust system is communicated with one end of the piston and provides driving force for the sealing system so as to push the finishing medium to be output from the outlet end of the cylinder body; each conveying pipeline system conveys the finishing medium contained in the corresponding sealing system to different ports of the inner runner workpiece for finishing, and the plurality of sealing systems are communicated through the inner runner workpiece; the upstream end of the conveying pipeline system is connected with the outlet end of the sealing system, the downstream end of the conveying pipeline system is used for outputting an inner runner workpiece for finishing by a finishing medium, the length-diameter ratio of the conveying pipeline system is greater than 10:1, the caliber of the outlet end is greater than 3mm, the conveying pipeline system is provided with a plurality of stages of pipelines, and the sectional area ratio of a front stage pipeline to a rear stage pipeline of two adjacent stages of pipelines is greater than 1; wherein, finishing device's thrust system includes vertical plunger pump, vertical plunger pump with the piston is connected in order to provide drive power for the piston can move for the cylinder body along vertical direction, multistage pipeline includes first order pipeline, and is located the adjacent second level pipeline of connecting of first order pipeline low reaches, first order pipeline include with the elbow structure that the exit end of cylinder body is connected, just the elbow structure extends second level pipeline with the level and is connected.

In the technical scheme of this application embodiment, through the vertical structure that adopts vertical plunger pump, vertical removal's piston to constitute and conveying line's horizontal structure in the finishing device, the pressure stability of finishing medium at the finishing in-process is guaranteed in the realization of both cooperations to realize reliable finishing effect. Particularly, the vertical plunger pump, the vertical structure of the piston and the cylinder body and the elbow structure are correspondingly connected with the horizontal conveying pipeline and the workpiece, namely, a vertical and horizontal combined framework is adopted in the finishing device, so that the gravity action can be skillfully utilized, the piston and the cylinder body of the vertical plunger pump are not influenced by the gravity side-tipping force, the provided pressure is very stable, and meanwhile, a larger operable workbench space is provided for the finishing processing of the workpiece; in addition, the conveying pipeline adopts a structure that the length-diameter ratio is greater than 10:1, the caliber of an outlet end is greater than 3mm, and the sectional area ratio of a front-stage pipeline to a rear-stage pipeline of two adjacent stages of pipelines of the multi-stage pipeline is greater than 1, so that the conveying of the saturated flow of the conveyed finishing medium is realized, and the pressure stability of the finishing medium in the conveying pipeline is ensured.

In some embodiments, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the first stage conduit to the second stage conduit is 1.2 to 1.8.

In some embodiments, the multistage pipeline further comprises a third stage pipeline which is adjacently connected at the downstream of the second stage pipeline, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the second stage pipeline to the third stage pipeline is 1.2-1.8.

In some embodiments, the device further comprises a tool, the tool is provided with a port, and the sectional area ratio of the third-stage pipeline to the port of the tool is 1.2-2.2. The cross-sectional area ratio of the port of the tool to the port of the flow channel in the workpiece is 1.2-10.

In some embodiments, the piston has at least a first groove and a second groove from top to bottom, the sealing system further comprises a sealing ring between the piston and the cylinder, the sealing ring comprises a first sealing ring arranged in the first groove and a second sealing ring arranged in the second groove, and the gap between the piston and the cylinder in the radial direction is 1 mm-2.5 mm.

In some embodiments, the first groove is a split structure, the top surface of the piston is a plane, a cover plate is detachably arranged on the top surface of the piston, the periphery of the cover plate is provided with an inclined surface, and the inclined surface and the top surface of the piston form a single-side inclined groove to form the first groove; the second groove is formed in the side wall of the piston; the first sealing ring is made of hard materials, and the second sealing ring is made of soft materials.

In some embodiments, the second grooves comprise at least two grooves in the direction from top to bottom, including a first sub-groove and a second sub-groove, wherein the ratio of the depth of the second sub-groove to the depth of the first sub-groove is 1.2-1.5.

In some embodiments, the single-sided chute has an inclination angle of greater than 60 °.

In some embodiments, the material of the first seal ring satisfies: the flexural modulus is 1.9 GPa-3.6 GPa, the elongation is 60% -120%, and the Knoop hardness is 90HK-100 HK; the material of the second sealing ring satisfies: the flexural modulus is 0.2GPa to 0.25GPa, the elongation is 300 percent to 380 percent, and the flexural strength is 80MPa to 100 MPa.

In some embodiments, the material of the first sealing ring is one of pp, teflon, nylon and peek, and the material of the second sealing ring is one of silica gel, rubber and butyronitrile.

In some embodiments, the cylinder wall of the cylinder block has a coating having a thickness of 50 to 220 μm, a hardness of 1500 to 2200HV, and a material of one or a combination of oxide, carbide, boride and nitride ceramics.

In some embodiments, the surface of the coating has a roughness ofRa 0.05-0.4 μm, roundness less than or equal to 100 μm and cylindricity less than or equal to 200 μm.

In some embodiments, the finishing device further comprises a diagnostic device having a flow rate and/or flow sensor and a pressure sensor for sensing the flow rate and/or flow of the finishing medium and the pressure.

In some embodiments, the finishing medium comprises a liquid phase having a viscosity <1000cP and a solid phase comprising abrasive particles, the finishing work piece is a micro-scale internal flow channel piece, the bore diameter is less than or equal to 3mm and the aspect ratio is greater than or equal to 50: 1.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a finishing method, which employs the finishing apparatus according to the first aspect, where the finishing medium includes a liquid phase and a solid phase, the viscosity of the liquid phase is less than 1000cP, the solid phase includes abrasive particles, a workpiece to be finished is a micro internal flow channel, the caliber of the micro internal flow channel is less than or equal to 3mm, and the length-diameter ratio of the micro internal flow channel is greater than or equal to 50:1, the thrust system of the finishing apparatus applies a predetermined pressure to the finishing medium, so that the finishing medium flows in the micro internal flow channel at a flow rate greater than 5m/s, and the flow rate of the finishing medium flowing into the interior of the micro internal flow channel at one end of the micro internal flow channel reaches a saturation value capable of accommodating the flow rate of the micro internal flow channel, so that the hydraulic pressure in the internal flow channel is in a pressure-holding state.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a sealing system comprising: the piston can reciprocate along the extending direction of the cylinder wall of the cylinder body, and a thrust system is communicated with one end of the piston and provides driving force for the piston; the sealing system comprises a piston, a cylinder body and a sealing system, wherein the piston at least comprises a first groove and a second groove from the top to the bottom, the sealing system also comprises a sealing ring positioned between the piston and the cylinder body, the sealing system comprises a first sealing ring arranged in the first groove and a second sealing ring arranged in the second groove, and the radial gap between the piston and the cylinder body is 1-2.5 mm; the first groove is of a split structure, the top surface of the piston is a plane, a cover plate is detachably arranged on the top surface of the piston, an inclined surface is arranged on the periphery of the cover plate, and a single-side inclined groove is formed by the inclined surface and the top surface of the piston to form the first groove; the second groove is formed in the side wall of the piston.

Drawings

The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it being noted that the drawings are given by way of example only and are not drawn to scale, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention which is actually claimed, wherein:

fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of finishing according to some embodiments of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a finishing device according to some embodiments of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a partial enlargement at a according to fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a partial enlargement at B according to fig. 2.

Detailed Description

The following discloses a variety of different implementation or examples implementing the subject technology. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure, but these are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the invention. "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" mean a certain feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, some features, structures, or characteristics may be combined as appropriate in some embodiments, further embodiments, still further embodiments, and so on, of the present application.

Flow charts are used herein to illustrate operations performed by systems according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in the exact order in which they are performed. Other operations may also be added to, or removed from, the processes.

In addition, the average roughness is obtained by selecting a plurality of areas on the surface to be measured, and measuring and averaging the areas to obtain the average roughness of the surface to be measured. And (3) selecting a plurality of areas on the measured surface to measure and taking the minimum value to obtain the optimal roughness of the measured surface. For example, when roughness measurement is performed, for example, a certain area of the roughness measurement may be a pipeline section with a length of 8mm, and a plurality of pipeline sections with a length of 8mm are selected for measurement in the measured pipeline and the minimum value is removed.

Parts with fine and complex inner flow channel structures are widely applied to the industrial fields of aerospace, ships, nuclear, automobiles, molds and the like, however, when the inner flow channel surface of a fluid dynamic part is processed by the current processing technology, such as precision machining, femtosecond/water guide/long pulse laser processing, electric spark processing, additive manufacturing (3D printing) and the like, the adverse problems of residues such as burrs, bonding powder, sintered particles and the like, a rough surface, a re-melting layer and the like are caused, and the performance requirements of the product can be met only after the adverse effects are eliminated by adopting a proper surface finishing technology.

At present, the surface optimal roughness of the inner flow channel does not appear on the micro inner flow channel workpiece manufactured by additive manufacturingRa is less than or equal to 1.6 mu m, and the surface optimal roughness of the inner flow channel does not appear on the micro inner flow channel workpiece processed by laser and electric sparkRa is less than or equal to 0.8 μm; and surface-optimized roughness without internal flow channels for machined micro internal flow channel workpiecesRa is less than or equal to 0.4 μm, and the fine inner flow passage hasThe structure of the abnormal-shaped flow channel with S-shaped bend, L-shaped bend, U-shaped bend, O-shaped bend and the like can not be realized by linear feeding machining, but can only be realized by additive manufacturing and other modes, so that the optimal roughness of the surface of the micro inner flow channel for additive manufacturing does not appear at presentRa is less than or equal to 1.6 μm.

The inventor of the invention has made extensive research and trial and comparison on various inner runner surface finishing methods, and found that when the inner runner of a part has a larger caliber (>3mm), a smaller length diameter (< 50:1) and is in an approximately linear trend, the finishing can be performed by adopting common methods such as manual polishing, chemical, electrochemical, plasma, magnetic force, magnetorheological, abrasive flow, water jet, ultrasonic wave and the like, however, for a micro inner runner with a smaller caliber (less than or equal to 3mm) and a larger length diameter (greater than or equal to 50: 1):

(1) by adopting an abrasive flow technology and utilizing a semi-solid soft paste polishing medium with high rigidity to polish an inner cavity through an extrusion and diffraction grinding mechanism, the inventor finds that the creep fluid with extremely small Reynolds number is difficult to uniformly process through a complex long-range micro flow channel, is easy to block at a corner and a dead angle, and can cause flow channel deformation and even suppress and crack the flow channel when forcibly passing through the flow channel. Even if the fluid passes through the inner flow passage with the length-diameter ratio of more than or equal to 50:1, the pressure and the flow velocity are sharply attenuated along with the increase of the fluid stroke, so that the port of the inner flow passage is over-polished, and the inner part is not polished due to excessive pressure and flow velocity loss. In addition, colloid abrasive flow media which are insoluble in water are easy to remain at corners and dead angles of the inner flow channel, and are difficult to or even impossible to completely remove after finishing processing.

(2) The abrasive water jet technology is adopted, namely micro-abrasive slurry body jet flow, high-speed flow and high-speed water particle finishing, hydraulic pressure is applied to a water jet nozzle, water jet impact kinetic energy with abrasive particles is sprayed out by the nozzle to erode and remove workpiece surface layer materials, and the water jet nozzle keeps a short distance with the surface of a part, so that the abrasive water jet technology is difficult to act on a micro inner runner with a small inner runner caliber (less than or equal to 3mm) and a large length-diameter (greater than or equal to 50: 1);

(3) the magnetic finishing technology is adopted, the surface of the inner flow passage with the caliber of more than 3mm and in a nearly straight line trend can only be slightly brightened, and the effective surface finishing of the micro complex inner flow passage with the caliber of less than or equal to 3mm and in a three-dimensional trend, which contains an S-shaped bend, an L-shaped bend, a U-shaped bend, an O-shaped bend and a spiral bend, can not be carried out, the magnetic finishing is flexible processing by utilizing larger-size magnetic needle abrasive particles, and the principle is that surface salient points and concave points can be simultaneously processed under the action of an external magnetic field, so the flexible processing means can only slightly brighten and improve the surface, and the step effect of the surface, the surface roughness and the powder, particles and burrs adhered to the large-scale stripping surface can not be obviously improved even if the material removal amount is large; in addition, the method can not cope with the complex inner flow passage finishing with three-dimensional space trend on the part due to the movement of the controlled magnetic field;

(4) by adopting the chemical finishing method, when the caliber of the inner runner is small, less corrosive solution can be accommodated, the efficiency of the chemical finishing method is extremely low, and even reaction bubbles are locally blocked and cannot be finished;

(5) by adopting electrochemical, plasma finishing and ultrasonic methods, profiling electrodes are difficult to place in narrow runners with three-dimensional trends, such as S-shaped bends, L-shaped bends, U-shaped bends, O-shaped bends, spiral bends and the like, so that micro-fine complex inner runners cannot be finished;

in addition, as for (4) and (5), chemical, electrochemical, plasma polishing and other methods can generate various corrosion and deterioration layer defects on the microstructure of the channel substrate material, and corrosive liquid and reaction gas can have adverse effects on the environment and equipment; meanwhile, (4) and (5) are also flexible processing means, and also face similar defects of (3), the surface can be slightly brightened and improved, and the step effect of the surface, the surface roughness reduction and the large-scale peeling of powder, particles and burrs adhered to the surface cannot be obviously improved even if the material removal amount is large.

As described above, the inventors have made extensive studies and found that the above-described processing method is hardly applicable to the finishing process of the fine inner flow path because it is difficult to deeply finish the inner portion of the fine inner flow path and/or the finishing quality is not satisfactory in the structure of the fine inner flow path.

Based on the above, the inventors have further studied and invented a surface finishing method for a fine internal flow channel, by using a two-phase flow finishing medium having a liquid phase with a viscosity of less than 1000cP, the flow velocity of the two-phase flow finishing medium in the fine internal flow channel>5m/s, and the flow flowing into the micro inner flow channel at one end of the micro inner flow channel to reach the saturation value of the flow which can be contained by the caliber of the micro inner flow channel, and the hydraulic pressure in the inner flow channel is in a pressure-holding state to form a means of the saturation flow of the liquid relative to the micro inner flow channel, namely, the difficult problem of the finishing processing of the micro inner flow channel is solved through the synergistic action of the low-viscosity liquid phase, the fluid flow velocity of the finishing medium and the saturation flow. The principle is that firstly, due to the synergistic effect of a low-viscosity liquid phase, a fluid flow velocity and a saturated flow, a finishing medium can smoothly enter a fine complex inner flow channel and form a state similar to non-Newtonian fluid in the fine complex inner flow channel, a fluid boundary layer is parallel to the surface of the inner flow channel, and surface bump targeted processing is realized by abrasive particle shear friction in the hard non-Newtonian fluid like a cutter. In addition, the three components have synergistic effect, so that the friction micro-cutting force generated by the abrasive particles in the polishing medium and the surface of the fine and complicated inner flow passage can be obtained without being limited by the material of the fine and complicated inner flow passage, the optimal surface roughness can be consistent with the average contact length range of the abrasive particle blade tip, and even the optimal surface roughness can be realizedRThe a is the super mirror surface quality of 0.05 mu m, which breaks through the limitation of the principle of abrasive flow and water jet technology, and the principle is that the cutting mechanism of the abrasive flow technology is the volume force generated by the extrusion surface of abrasive particles, so pits and pocks are easy to appear in the metal and high polymer flexible materials with low processing hardness (theRa>0.8 μm). The cutting force in the abrasive water jet technology is the erosion force generated by the impact surface of abrasive particles, and the processed soft metal is easy to coarsen the surface (Ra>0.8μm)。

In order to develop a polishing device corresponding to the above surface polishing method, the inventors found that the polishing device needs to provide a large pressure to the polishing medium to ensure a sufficient speed of the polishing medium to achieve a "knife-like" hard fluid shear friction and a surface bump targeted processing, and under a large pressure condition, the requirements on the pressure precision and the fluctuation range are high to avoid the grinding and polishing runaway of the polishing medium and obtain a desired polishing effect, and the inventors found that the sealing of the polishing system and the service life of the corresponding sealing system are also problems to be solved because the two-phase flow polishing medium has a strong abrasive action on the sealing system under a high pressure.

Based on the above, through intensive research, the inventor designs a vertical and horizontal combined device structure, specifically, a vertical thrust system and a sealing system are adopted, a horizontal conveying pipeline system is combined, a vertical structure formed by a vertical plunger pump and a vertically moving piston and a horizontal structure of a conveying pipeline are adopted in a finishing device, and the vertical structure and the horizontal structure cooperate to ensure the pressure stability of a finishing medium in the finishing process, so that a reliable finishing effect is realized. Particularly, the vertical plunger pump, the vertical structure of the piston and the cylinder body and the elbow structure are correspondingly connected with the horizontal conveying pipeline and the workpiece, namely, a vertical and horizontal combined framework is adopted in the finishing device, so that the gravity action can be skillfully utilized, the vertical plunger pump, the piston and the cylinder body are not influenced by the gravity side-tipping force, the provided pressure is very stable, and meanwhile, a larger operable workbench space is provided for finishing processing of the workpiece; in addition, the conveying pipeline adopts a structure that the length-diameter ratio is greater than 10:1, the caliber of an outlet end is greater than 3mm, and the sectional area ratio of a front-stage pipeline to a rear-stage pipeline of two adjacent stages of pipelines of the multi-stage pipeline is greater than 1, so that the conveying of the saturated flow of the conveyed finishing medium is realized, and the pressure stability of the finishing medium in the conveying pipeline is ensured. In addition, through the synergistic effect of the means that the grooves in the sealing system correspond to the sealing rings and the clearance between the piston and the cylinder body is 1 mm-2.5 mm, the sealing system can well seal the polishing medium, the piston can be smoothly pushed when the polishing medium is pushed, and the balance of the sealing performance, the pushing performance and the service life of the sealing system is realized.

It can be understood that the surface finishing device of the inner flow passage disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is formed byCan provide stable pressure with large pressure, and is helpful for solving the problem that the micro inner flow passage with small inner flow passage caliber (less than or equal to 3mm) and large long diameter (greater than or equal to 50:1) can not be surface-finished, thereby obtaining the optimal roughness of the inner surfaceRa is smaller than or equal to 1.6 mu m, the workpiece can be provided with a three-dimensional micro complex inner flow passage workpiece with S-shaped bend, L-shaped bend, U-shaped bend, O-shaped bend and spiral bend, such as fuel nozzles of various engines of aviation/aerospace/ships/automobiles, heat exchangers, hydraulic components and oil way control throttlers. In addition, it is understood that the disclosure of the embodiments of the present application is not only applicable to the described surface finishing method, but also applicable to other fluid processing methods requiring high pressure and stability.

It is to be construed that the terms "caliber", "length" in this context mean equivalent caliber as well as equivalent length, the aspect ratio being the ratio of equivalent length to equivalent caliber. The equivalent caliber, the cross section shape of the inner runner can be round, oval and the like, and the cross section outline is formed by a closed curve (non-broken line). The cross section of the inner runner can be rectangular, triangular and the like, and the cross section outline is formed by closed broken lines. The cross-sectional profile is composed of any closed curve (non-broken line) or closed broken line, and the cross-sectional profile is of an irregular shape, so that an equivalent caliber is introduced, the equivalent caliber is defined as an ideal circle which is equal to the actual cross-sectional area of any cross-sectional shape, and the diameter of the ideal circle is the equivalent caliber. The equivalent length refers to the full path that the fluid in the inner flow passage takes to actually flow between the two ports of the inner flow passage.

First, a surface finishing method of a fine internal flow channel to which the finishing device of the present application can be applied is described to facilitate understanding of the effect of the finishing device.

Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a surface finishing method of an inner fluid pathway, including:

adopting a liquid-solid two-phase flow polishing medium, wherein the liquid phase viscosity of the polishing medium is less than 1000cP, and the solid phase is abrasive particles;

applying a preset pressure to the finishing medium to enable the finishing medium to flow in the micro inner flow channel at a flow speed of more than 5m/s, wherein the finishing medium flows into the flow of the micro inner flow channel at one end of the micro inner flow channel to reach a saturation value of the flow which can be contained by the caliber of the micro inner flow channel, and the hydraulic pressure in the inner flow channel is in a pressure-holding state;

the liquid has the property of viscosity <1000cP, and the numerical value of the viscosity in the application refers to the Ubbelohde viscosity at normal temperature (about 25 ℃). The optimal value of the viscosity of the liquid phase corresponding to the finishing method corresponding to the fine internal flow passages with different materials, sizes and initial average roughness can be obtained by continuously increasing the viscosity on the basis of a lower limit value. The lower limit value of the viscosity of the current embodiment is about 50cP, and the inventor obtains the viscosity of the liquid phase at least at 50cP for the common material such as a titanium alloy, a high-temperature alloy, steel, ceramic, an aluminum alloy, a polymer material and other fine internal flow channels through a large amount of test data, and the roughness target value is reached after the finishing. The threshold value of 1000cP is not an optimum value, but a limit value at which the polishing medium continuously, smoothly and stably flows in the fine internal flow channel.

The liquid phase described in the examples, taking the water-based liquid phase as an example, adds a certain tackifier on the basis of deionized water to make the water-based liquid have a certain viscosity. The water-based liquid has the advantages of low cost, easy acquisition, environmental protection and easy cleaning of the finishing medium after finishing. It is understood, however, that the liquid phase is not limited to water-based liquids, as long as the viscosity is metμ<1000cP of liquid.

The material of the solid-phase abrasive grains may be a common abrasive grain material such as carbide ceramics: including silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, and the like; oxide ceramics: including alumina, zirconia, ceria, and the like; nitride ceramics: including boron nitride, chromium nitride, and the like; natural minerals: including diamond/sand, mica, quartz, olivine, and the like. Preferably, the material can be one or more of diamond/sand and oxide ceramic.

In selecting the particle diameter and the mass concentration of the abrasive grains, the range in which the optimum value is obtained is generally increased stepwise on the basis of a lower limit value. If the particle size and the mass concentration of the abrasive particles are lower than the lower limit values, an expected polishing effect cannot be achieved, that is, the fine inner flow channel cannot achieve a target value of surface roughness, the principle is that if the particle size is too small, the mass of the abrasive particles per se is too low, sufficient kinetic energy cannot be generated to achieve effective polishing, if the mass concentration is too small, the probability of grinding a surface processing point is reduced, so that effective polishing cannot be achieved, the selection of the lower limit value is generally conservative, for example, any lower limit value is selected conservatively on the premise that the particle size upper limit value is not exceeded, the lower limit value of the ratio of the inner flow channel aperture to the particle size of the abrasive particles is generally 20, that is, when the inner flow channel aperture is required to ensure that at least 20 abrasive particles pass through in parallel, that the upper limit value of the particle size of the abrasive particles is generally 1/20 of the inner flow channel aperture, and the lower limit value of the abrasive particles is generally 1/5 of the upper limit value. The lower limit value of the mass concentration of the abrasive particles is generally 10g/L, and the selection of the lower limit value is generally conservative because the pressure of the system is high, if the abrasive particles are blocked, the workpiece and the system can be scrapped, and even the workpiece and the system can be choked and exploded. Therefore, on the basis of the specified lower limit, the particle size and the mass concentration of the abrasive particles are gradually increased until the flow velocity and the flow rate are reduced due to the obvious flow resistance caused by the overlarge particle size or the overlarge mass concentration of the abrasive particles, and the flow velocity is influenced by the mutual collision among the abrasive particles, so that the flow velocity and the flow rate are reduced and the grinding effect are reduced, namely, the optimal value can be obtained through experiments on the basis of the lower limit.

Applying a predetermined pressure to the polishing medium to make the polishing medium in the micro inner flow channel>A flow velocity of 5 m/s. The predetermined pressure here means that the pressure is used in the initial state of the polishing process so that the polishing medium is in the interior of the minute internal flow channel>The flow velocity of 5m/s flows, the roughness of the surface of the inner flow channel is reduced along with the polishing, and the flow velocity of the polishing medium in the fine inner flow channel is faster and faster under the same pressure condition. It will be appreciated that the predetermined pressure is a range concept, as the flow rate achieved is a range, rather than applying only a specific value to the polishing medium. Measuring the flow of a polishing medium inside a fine inner flow channelSpeed, immersion measurement cannot be used, otherwise the abrasive particles can damage any sensor probe. The method of ultrasonic speed measurement can be adopted, and the Hargen-Poarson law of viscous fluid can also be utilized:

performing indirect measurement; in the formula, whereinDIs the caliber of the inner flow passage,lthe length of the micro inner flow passage is,pis the pressure difference acting on two ends of the fine internal flow passage, i.e. hydraulic pressurep，Re is the Reynolds number of the gas,u _mis the liquid phase flow rate in the water-based two-phase flow,ρ _lthe flow rate of the liquid phase is approximately equal to the flow rate of the polishing medium, which is the density of the liquid phase.

The flow rate of the polishing medium is greater than 5m/s, according to the critical conditions for the theoretical formation of non-newtonian fluids and the critical values obtained by the inventors for long-term practice. Engineering hydrodynamics data indicate (e.g. book data: poplar, wanning, what light, etc. engineering hydrodynamics [ M ] oil industry press, 2006.) that the viscosity of pure water of 1cP reaches the critical motion flow rate >16.6M/s of the non-newtonian fluid, whereas the lower limit of the viscosity of the liquid phase of this example is 50cP, greater than 1cP, so the critical flow rate of the non-newtonian fluid is less than 16.6M/s. Meanwhile, in combination with practical results, the inventors found that the ideal processing effect cannot be obtained when the processing time is less than 5m/s, and thus the critical value is 5 m/s.

The polishing medium flows into the inner flow of the micro inner flow channel at one end of the micro inner flow channel to reach a saturated value of the flow which can be contained by the caliber of the micro inner flow channel, and the hydraulic pressure in the inner flow channel is in a pressure holding state, namely a state of the saturated flow in the field.

The term "saturation value of the contained flow rate" and "state of the saturated flow rate" as used herein means that the fluid flows into the pipe so as to fill the cross section of the pipe, which contains the maximum number of fluid molecules in parallel.

It can be understood that the beneficial effects of adopting the above embodiment of the light finishing method are that:

by adopting the liquid with the viscosity of the liquid phase of the finishing medium being less than 1000cP, the finishing medium with two-phase flow isFlow velocity in micro inner flow channel>5m/s and the flow flowing into the micro inner flow channel at one end of the micro inner flow channel to reach the saturation value of the flow which can be contained by the caliber of the micro inner flow channel, the hydraulic pressure in the inner flow channel is in a pressure-holding state, and a means of forming the saturation flow of the liquid relative to the micro inner flow channel is formed, namely the difficult problem of finishing the micro inner flow channel is solved through the synergistic action of a low-viscosity liquid phase, the flow velocity of the liquid and the saturation flow. The principle is that firstly, due to the synergistic action of the low-viscosity liquid phase, the fluid flow velocity and the saturated flow, the finishing medium is in a low-viscosity high-flow-velocity state, so that the finishing medium can smoothly enter a micro inner flow channel and forms a non-Newtonian fluid state in the micro inner flow channel, a fluid boundary layer is parallel to the surface of the inner flow channel, the surface salient point target processing is realized by shearing friction in the hard liquid abrasive particle phase like a cutter, the problem that the surface salient point and the concave point are simultaneously processed and only slightly brightened in flexible processing is overcome in principle, meanwhile, because the abrasive particles of the finishing medium and the micro cutting force generated by the surface friction of the micro inner flow channel, the surface optimal roughness consistent with the average contact length range of the blade tip can be obtained without the limitation of the material of the micro inner flow channel, and the limitation of the abrasive particle flow and water jet technology is broken through, the principle is that the abrasive flow technology cutting mechanism is the volume force generated by the abrasive particles extruding the surface, so pits and pocks are easy to appear in the metal and high polymer flexible materials with low processing hardnessRa>0.8 μm). The cutting force in the abrasive water jet technology is the erosion force generated by the impact surface of abrasive particles, and the processed soft metal is easy to coarsen the surface (Ra>0.8 μm). In addition, the low-viscosity high-flow-rate fluid dynamics shape following processing mode enables the positions, which do not accord with fluid engineering, of the surface steps, the sharp corners, the geometric outline curvature and the like of the inner flow passage to be ground and polished more heavily, and the inflection points, the sharp edges, the geometric outline curvature and the hole patterns of the inner flow passage realize geometric streamline shaping, so that the fluid motion performance of the inner flow passage is further improved. In addition, the above embodiment proposes that the critical flow rate for realizing the targeted processing of the surface salient points by using the flow rate of the finishing medium to realize the hard non-Newtonian fluid like a cutter and the shear friction of the abrasive particles is 5 m/s.

As for the processing time of the finishing medium in the fine internal flow channel, the finishing medium may finish the fine internal flow channel in a standard time period until the optimal roughness of the surface of the fine internal flow channel is a target value. The standard time period may be a predetermined continuous time period, or may be a plurality of discontinuous time periods, or may be a non-predetermined continuous time period after the start, and after the flow rate of the finishing medium reaches the flow rate corresponding to the target value of the surface optimal roughness of the micro internal flow channel, the finishing process is automatically stopped. The meaning of the surface optimum roughness is a target value, and the surface optimum roughness is not limited to be directly measured, but can be indirectly characterized, for example, as described above, the flow velocity, flow quantity and the like of the polishing medium in the inner part of the micro inner flow channel can be characterized. The above target value refers to the set surface optimum roughness value, which generally refers to the requirement for the final surface optimum roughness of the fine internal flow channel, but does not exclude the requirement for further finishing after the above finishing step, in which case the set surface optimum roughness value is not the final surface optimum roughness value.

In summary, the finishing method described in the above embodiments solves the problem of finishing the micro internal flow channel with a caliber less than or equal to 3mm and a length-diameter ratio greater than or equal to 50:1, which exists in the industry for a long time, by combining the hydraulic pressure systems built at the two ends of the internal flow channel to be processed and the means of achieving the saturated flow rate of the internal flow channel to be processed and the micro-cutting mechanism generated by the high-speed friction of the abrasive particles on the surface of the internal flow channel in the two-phase flow by using the low-viscosity and high-speed solid-liquid two-phase fluid.

Referring to fig. 2 to 4, in some embodiments, a polishing apparatus 100 is provided, including: thrust system 101, a plurality of sealing system 102, a plurality of transfer pipe-line system 103.

Each sealing system 102 comprises a piston 21, a cylinder 18 cooperating with the piston 21 for receiving the finishing medium 8 for finishing, and a thrust system 101 communicating with one end of the piston 21 for providing a driving force to the piston 21 to push the finishing medium 8 out of an outlet end 190 of the cylinder 18.

Each of the conveying pipe systems 103 conveys the polishing medium 8 contained in the corresponding sealing system 102 to different ports of the inner flow channel workpiece 34 for polishing, for example, one group of the sealing systems 102 and the conveying pipe system 103 shown in fig. 2 correspond to an inlet and another group of the inlet and the outlet of the workpiece 34, so that the sealing systems communicate with each other through the workpiece 34. The upstream end of the conveying pipeline system 103 is connected with the outlet end 190 of the sealing system 102, the downstream end is used for outputting the inner flow channel workpiece 34 for finishing by the finishing medium 8, the length-diameter ratio of the conveying pipeline system 103 is larger than 10:1, the caliber of the outlet end is larger than 3mm, the conveying pipeline system 103 is provided with a plurality of stages of pipelines, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the front stage pipeline to the rear stage pipeline of the adjacent two stages of pipelines is larger than 1.

The thrust system 101 comprises a vertical plunger pump 5, the vertical plunger pump 5 being connected to a piston 21 for providing a driving force such that the piston 21 is movable in a vertical direction relative to the cylinder block 18, the multistage pipeline comprising a first stage pipeline 22 and a second stage pipeline 23 adjacently connected downstream of the first stage pipeline, the first stage pipeline comprising an elbow structure connected to the outlet end 190 of the cylinder block 18, and the elbow structure being connected to the horizontally extending second stage pipeline 23, such that a combination of a vertical structure and a horizontal structure is achieved.

The thrust system 101 may be a hydraulic system, as shown in fig. 2, and includes a motor 1, a hydraulic oil tank 2, a hydraulic pump 3, a pressure booster 6, a vertical plunger pump 5, and an oil pipe 4, where the motor 1 drives the hydraulic pump 2 to pump hydraulic oil with a certain pressure from the oil tank 2, and the hydraulic oil pressurized by the pressure booster 6 is delivered to the vertical plunger pump 5. The vertical plunger pump 5 is connected with the piston 21 through the ball 13 to drive the piston 21 to push the finishing medium 8 to be output from the output end 190 of the cylinder 18. The hydraulic system driven by the motor is adopted, so that the thrust is large and the thrust precision can be high.

In the structure of the vertical plunger pump 5, the sealing system 102 is also required to be vertical, that is, the piston 21 moves in the vertical direction relative to the cylinder 18, but the workpiece 34 is required to be horizontal, so that the direction change can be performed by the conveying pipeline system.

The vertical structure formed by the vertical plunger pump and the vertically moving piston and the horizontal structure of the conveying pipeline are adopted in the finishing device, and the pressure stability of a finishing medium in the finishing process is guaranteed through the cooperation of the vertical plunger pump and the horizontal structure, so that the reliable finishing effect is realized. Particularly, the vertical plunger pump, the vertical structure of the piston and the cylinder body and the elbow structure are correspondingly connected with the horizontal conveying pipeline and the workpiece, namely, a vertical and horizontal combined framework is adopted in the finishing device, so that the gravity action can be skillfully utilized, the piston and the cylinder body of the vertical plunger pump are not influenced by the gravity side-tipping force, the provided pressure is very stable, and meanwhile, a larger operable workbench space is provided for the finishing processing of the workpiece; in addition, the conveying pipeline adopts a structure that the length-diameter ratio is greater than 10:1, the caliber of an outlet end is greater than 3mm, and the sectional area ratio of a front-stage pipeline to a rear-stage pipeline of two adjacent stages of pipelines of the multi-stage pipeline is greater than 1, so that the conveying of the saturated flow of the conveyed finishing medium is realized, and the pressure stability of the finishing medium in the conveying pipeline is ensured.

A plurality of sealing systems 102 are employed to communicate with the workpiece 34, i.e., to effect fluid exchange through the workpiece 34 with the plurality of sealing systems 102 communicating with one another, i.e., one sealing system 102 outputs the finishing medium 8 to the workpiece 34, the other sealing system 102 receives the finishing medium 8 flowing from the workpiece 34, when the polishing medium 8 of one sealing system 102 is completely consumed, the other sealing system 102 can continue polishing the workpiece 34 by receiving the polishing medium 8 through it in the reverse direction to that before, i.e. the further sealing system 102 now outputs the finishing medium 8 to the workpiece 34, while the depleted sealing system 102 now receives the finishing medium 8 flowing out of the workpiece 34, this allows always at least one finishing medium 8 contained in the sealing system 102 to be supplied to the workpiece 34, ensuring that the finishing operation is carried out continuously and uninterruptedly on the workpiece 34, so that the finishing process is efficient.

As shown in fig. 2, the finishing device 100 may further include an operation module including a touch operation display screen 10, a start/stop switch 9 for turning on or off the device, and an emergency stop switch 11 for forcibly turning off the device, and an operation table 12 for externally connecting a processing operation module and the like.

The number of the sealing systems 102 and the conveying pipe systems 103 is two as shown in the figure, but not limited to this, and the number of the thrust systems 101 may be one thrust system 101 for each sealing system 102 shown in the figure.

The cylinder 18 is limited in space by a bottom plate and a top plate 19, the bottom plate and the top plate 19 can be connected to the cylinder 18 by bolts 7, the space between the piston 21 and the top plate 19 contains the finishing medium 8, and the opening of the top plate 19 is the outlet end 190 of the sealing system 102. The diameter ratio of the cylinder 18 to the outlet end 190 is 10-32 to further pressurize the optical finishing medium. Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the first-stage pipeline 22 to the cross-sectional area of the second-stage pipeline 23 may be 1.2 to 1.8, so that the polishing medium can be stably and slowly pressurized and the saturation flow can be always maintained. In some embodiments, the multistage circuit may further include a third stage circuit 32 adjacently connected downstream of the second stage circuit 22, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the second stage circuit 22 to the third stage circuit 32 is 1.2 to 1.8, and as shown, the length of the third stage circuit 32 may be short, similar to the form of a joint. By adopting a three-stage pipeline structure, the sectional area ratio of each stage is 1.2-1.8, stable and slow pressurization is realized, the saturated flow is always kept, the condition of providing stable pressure for the finishing medium is ensured, and the strength reliability and the service life of the conveying pipeline system 103 are also ensured.

Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the finishing device may further include a tool 31, the tool 31 has at least two ports 310 corresponding to at least one inlet and at least one outlet of the workpiece 34, the tool 31 may be stably and fixedly installed by a three-axis clamp 33 on the worktable, and the workpiece 34 may be clamped and fixed inside the tool 31 by a tool clamping bolt 30. The aperture of the third pipeline 32 and the cross-sectional area ratio of the port of the tool 31 connected with the third pipeline can be 1.2-2.2, so that the beneficial effects are similar to those of the above, stable and slow pressurization is realized, and the saturated flow is always kept. It is noted that the upper limit of the port cross-sectional area ratio of the tool 31 to which the third pipe 32 is connected may be 2.2, which is higher than the upper limit of the cross-sectional area ratio between the pipes by 1.8, because the tool 31 is generally frequently replaced, which requires less strict service life than the pipes, and thus the upper limit of the cross-sectional area ratio may be set larger. In some embodiments, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the tooling port to the cross-sectional area of the workpiece 34 port should be greater than 1, but not greater than 10, and both may be sealed with an epoxy seal. If the ratio is larger than 1, the flow channel in the workpiece can reach the saturation flow, but if the ratio is too large, the inventor finds that the pressure relief of the port of the workpiece 34 is too large, the strength and the sealing requirement of the joint of the port and the workpiece are high, and even the safety accidents of fracture of the joint exist, and therefore the ratio is not more than 10. It can be understood that a plurality of ports 310 suitable for internal flow passages of workpieces with different calibers can be reserved on the tool 31. When one of the ports is used, the other unused ports can be bolted for connection and plugging. The clamping bolt 30 of the tool 31 comprises an upper clamping bolt and a lower clamping bolt, and can clamp workpieces 34 with different specifications and sizes, and the port of the tool and the port of the inner flow passage of the workpiece are adjusted to be on the same axis as the port of the tool and the port of the multistage pipeline.

The inventor finds that by adopting the multi-stage pipeline conveying pipeline system described in the above embodiment, the structure of the thrust system combining the hydraulic pump and the vertical plunger pump, and the combined vertical and horizontal architecture, it is still possible to achieve very high precision (error of 0.01MPa) in the case of providing thrust above 50MPa, and the pressure fluctuation in operation is very small, between plus and minus 0.1%, and the above-described finishing method can be very effectively achieved.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, for the sealing system 102, the inventor found that the problem of tightness between the piston 21 and the cylinder 18 is particularly important because of the need to provide a large pressure to the polishing medium, and that the tightness is ensured while ensuring that the movement of the piston 21 along the inner wall of the cylinder 18 is smooth.

The piston 21 at least has a first groove 211 and a second groove 210 from the top to the bottom, the sealing system 102 further comprises a sealing ring between the piston 21 and the cylinder 18, the sealing ring comprises a first sealing ring 17 arranged in the first groove 211 and a second sealing ring 170 arranged in the second groove 210, the gap between the piston 21 and the cylinder 18 in the radial direction is 1 mm-2.5 mm, the structure of multi-stage grooves and multi-stage sealing rings and the gap between the piston and the cylinder is 1 mm-2.5 mm is adopted, so that the first-stage sealing ring can filter abrasive particles in two-phase flow, and the second-stage sealing ring seals a pure liquid phase, such as a water-based liquid phase, thereby realizing good sealing performance on the polishing medium, and in the gap range of 1 mm-2.5 mm, the inventor finds that not only good sealing effect can be maintained, but also the piston can be ensured to smoothly move along the wall surface of the cylinder 18, pushing the finishing medium 18 out.

With reference to fig. 3, the first groove 211 of the piston 21 is a split structure, the top surface 212 of the body of the piston 21 is a plane, the cover plate 20 is detachably disposed on the plane, the periphery of the cover plate 20 has an inclined surface 201, and the inclined surface 201 and the top surface of the piston 21 form a single-side inclined slot to form the first groove 211; the second groove 210 is formed in the side wall of the piston, the first seal ring 17 is made of a hard polymer material, and the second seal ring 170 is made of a soft polymer material. The principle of this is that the inventor found that, because of the high pressure, no matter how the first seal ring is sealed, abrasive grains are inserted from the gap between the cylinder wall and the seal ring to scratch the seal ring, and therefore, the structure of the single-sided inclined groove and the hard seal ring is provided, and the abrasive grains are guided to be actively inserted/scraped into the first seal ring 17 to form an inserted self-sealing structure, and therefore, the first seal ring 17 is made of a hard polymer material. After the first seal ring 17 is actively embedded with most of the abrasive particles, the substance to be sealed by the second seal ring 170 is a liquid phase in a two-phase flow, so that the second seal ring 170 is used for sealing. First recess 211 needs be split type structure because the inventor discovers, because first sealing washer 17 adopts stereoplasm macromolecular structure, and receives very big pressure, if adopt and directly set up the recess at the piston lateral wall, then unable fixed first sealing washer 17, consequently adopts split type structure, when the equipment, earlier sets up first sealing washer in the top surface 212 of the body of piston 21, later compresses tightly through bolt 7 at apron 20 of covering. In some embodiments, the angle of inclination of the single-sided chute, i.e., the ramp 201, is greater than 60 ° to provide sufficient compressive force.

In some embodiments, the specific materials of the first and second seal rings 17 and 170 may be such that the polymer material of the first seal ring satisfies: the flexural modulus is 1.9GPa to 3.6GPa, the elongation is 60 percent to 120 percent, and the Knoop hardness is 90HK-100 HK. Therefore, the first sealing ring 17 has certain rigidity and is not easy to deform obviously, and meanwhile, the first sealing ring has good surface self-lubricating property, low extrusion contractility and abrasive particles can be embedded into the material well, and the abrasive particles are easy to continuously slide in the material after being embedded. The polymer material of the second seal ring 170 satisfies: the bending modulus is 0.2 GPa-0.25 GPa, the elongation is 300% -380%, and the bending strength is 80-100 MPa, so that the second sealing ring 170 has good elasticity and can generate obvious telescopic deformation, and meanwhile, the second sealing ring has the advantages of good sealing capability on water base and high bending strength due to the fact that the second sealing ring has obvious extrudable contraction length, and is easy to break after moving and bending.

In some embodiments, the material of the first sealing ring 17 may be one of pp, ptfe, nylon, and peek, and the material of the second sealing ring 170 may be one of silicone, rubber, and butyronitrile, which are easily available and low cost.

With continued reference to FIG. 3, the second groove 211 may include at least two grooves from top to bottom, including a first sub-groove 2111 and a second sub-groove 2112, wherein the ratio of the depth of the second sub-groove 2112 to the depth of the first sub-groove 2111 is 1.2-1.5. Further, a third sub-groove 2113 may be further formed in the bottom direction of the second sub-groove 2112, or even more sub-grooves may be further formed. The ratio of the depth of the second sub-groove 2112 to the depth of the third sub-groove 2113 is 1.2-1.5. The second sealing rings 170 correspondingly arranged on the first sub-groove 2111, the second sub-groove 2112 and the third sub-groove 2113 are respectively sealing

rings

16, 15 and 14, the functions of the sealing rings are sealing water, the grooves can be trapezoidal grooves which are easy to process and fix the sealing rings, and the depth of the second sub-groove 2112 is greater than that of the adjacent first sub-groove 2111 and third sub-groove 2113.

With continued reference to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the cylinder walls of the cylinder block 18 have a coating having a thickness of 50 to 220 μm, a hardness of 1500 to 2200HV, and a material of one or a combination of oxide, carbide, boride and nitride ceramics. The sealing device has the beneficial effect of ensuring the reliability of the sealing effect. The principle of the method is that the inventor finds that in the operation process of the device, as the abrasive particles are mixed in the crack between the sealing ring and the cylinder body to rub the cylinder wall in the high-speed movement process of the two-phase flow of the fluid phase and the abrasive particle solid phase, once the cylinder wall is rubbed to form a scratch, the sealing system completely fails and the fluid phase leaks, so the cylinder wall is necessarily hard. The process for realizing the coating introduced above can solve the problem of the wear resistance of the cylinder wall by flame spraying the WC coating in the inner cavity of the special cylinder body. The cylinder body flame spraying WC coating comprises the following specific components: the grain diameter of the WC powder is 15-100 mu m, and the content of the WC powder>85 percent of molybdenum powder, 1 to 4 percent of molybdenum powder, 1 to 5 percent of silicon powder and 1 to 5 percent of boron powder, wherein a molybdenum-silicon-boron alloy phase is formed in the WC coating after flame spraying and sintering, the molybdenum-silicon-boron alloy has a low friction coefficient, and is doped in the WC coating to serve as a strengthening phase to improve the strength and hardness of the WC coating. Particle temperature during spraying<1500 ℃, the thermal deformation of the heated cylinder body is reduced at low temperature, the dimensional precision of the final cylinder body is ensured, the spraying distance is 10 mm-50 mm, and the bonding force of the coating is ensured by the smaller spraying distance>100 MPa. In some embodiments, the surface of the coating has a roughness ofRa is 0.05-0.4 μm, the roundness of the cylinder body is less than or equal to 100 μm, the cylindricity is less than or equal to 200 μm, and the diameter of the cylinder body is 100-400 mm, so that the coating is prevented from being peeled off due to the side tilting force generated by the relative motion of the piston and the cylinder body, and the service life of a sealing system and the reliability of the sealing effect are further ensured. The process for realizing the effect can be that the surface of the coating is honed, the honing cutter adopts a zirconia ceramic cutter, and the honing rotating speed<80 revolutions per minute, lower rotational speed ensures the honing process coatingCan not be peeled off, broken and dropped.

With continued reference to fig. 2, the finishing assembly 10 may further comprise a diagnostic device having a flow rate and/or flow sensor and a pressure sensor for sensing the flow rate and/or flow of the finishing medium and the pressure, and thus the status of the finishing process. The principle of the sensor being located at a relatively close distance from the upstream end of the workpiece 34 is that the inventors have found that if the finishing process is performed normally, the flow rate/flow/pressure of the finishing medium at the upstream end of the fine inner flow channel is only affected by the configuration of the inner flow channel and the surface quality of the inner flow channel. The inner flow channel has self flow resistance and flow can generate reaction force to directly act on the flow velocity/flow/pressure at the upstream end. The downstream end of the inner runner is larger than the sectional area of the inner runner, so that the polishing medium flows out of the inner runner and then freely flows to the downstream end in an unloaded state, and the downstream end of the inner runner cannot influence the flow speed/flow/pressure of the upstream end. Therefore, the processing quality of the inner flow passage can be reflected only by measuring the change of the inlet speed at the upstream end.

The pressure sensor comprises a high-sensitivity piezoelectric quartz sensor 28 and a high-resolution multi-path data acquisition device 27 which are used for monitoring data of pressure gauges 29 of a plurality of ports in real time, and completely recording quasi-static and high-dynamic pressure processes in a finishing process, so that accurate flow resistance data in each flow channel is obtained, and the optimal finishing effect is ensured. The flow velocity and/or flow sensor comprises a flow velocity flowmeter 24, a flow velocity flow piezoelectric sensor 25 and a flow velocity and flow data collector 26, and the ultrasonic flowmeter based on the Doppler method principle synchronizes the flow velocity and the flow of a plurality of ports by adopting the ultrasonic measurement principle. The ultrasonic wave is non-contact measurement, the damage of two-phase flow to the flow velocity flowmeter can be completely avoided, the response sensitivity of the whole system is greatly improved, and the optimal finishing time is obtained.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention, unless the technical essence of the present invention departs from the content of the present invention.

Claims

1. A finishing apparatus, comprising:

a thrust system;

the thrust system is communicated with one end of the piston and provides driving force for the sealing system so as to push the finishing medium to be output from an outlet end of the cylinder body;

each conveying pipeline system conveys the finishing medium contained in the corresponding sealing system to different ports of the inner runner workpiece for finishing, and the plurality of sealing systems are communicated through the inner runner workpiece; the upstream end of the conveying pipeline system is connected with the outlet end of the sealing system, the downstream end of the conveying pipeline system is used for outputting an inner runner workpiece for finishing by a finishing medium, the length-diameter ratio of the conveying pipeline system is greater than 10:1, the caliber of the outlet end is greater than 3mm, the conveying pipeline system is provided with a plurality of stages of pipelines, and the sectional area ratio of a front stage pipeline to a rear stage pipeline of two adjacent stages of pipelines is greater than 1;

wherein, finishing device's thrust system includes vertical plunger pump, vertical plunger pump with the piston is connected in order to provide drive power for the piston can move for the cylinder body along vertical direction, multistage pipeline includes first order pipeline, and is located the adjacent second level pipeline of connecting of first order pipeline low reaches, first order pipeline include with the elbow structure that the exit end of cylinder body is connected, just the elbow structure extends second level pipeline with the level and is connected.

2. The polishing apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the first-stage pipe to the cross-sectional area of the second-stage pipe is 1.2 to 1.8.

3. The skin pass device of claim 2, wherein the plurality of stages of piping further comprises a third stage piping adjacently connected downstream of the second stage piping, and a ratio of a cross-sectional area of the second stage piping to a cross-sectional area of the third stage piping is 1.2 to 1.8.

4. The finishing device of claim 3, further comprising a tool, wherein the tool is provided with a port, the cross-sectional area ratio of the third-stage pipeline to the port of the tool is 1.2-2.2, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the port of the tool to the port of the flow channel in the workpiece is 1.2-10.

5. The finishing device of claim 1, wherein the piston has at least a first groove and a second groove from top to bottom, the sealing system further comprises a sealing ring between the piston and the cylinder, the sealing ring comprises a first sealing ring disposed in the first groove and a second sealing ring disposed in the second groove, and a radial gap between the piston and the cylinder is 1mm to 2.5 mm.

6. The finishing device according to claim 5, wherein the first groove is a split structure, the top surface of the piston is a flat surface, a cover plate is detachably arranged on the top surface of the piston, the periphery of the cover plate is provided with an inclined surface, and the inclined surface and the top surface of the piston form a single-side inclined groove to form the first groove; the second groove is formed in the side wall of the piston; the first sealing ring is made of hard materials, and the second sealing ring is made of soft materials.

7. The finishing device of claim 6, wherein the second grooves comprise at least two grooves in a top-to-bottom direction, including a first sub-groove and a second sub-groove, wherein a ratio of a depth of the second sub-groove to a depth of the first sub-groove is 1.2-1.5.

8. The finisher apparatus of claim 6, wherein the single edge chute has an inclination angle greater than 60 °.

9. The finishing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first seal ring is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: the flexural modulus is 1.9 GPa-3.6 GPa, the elongation is 60% -120%, and the Knoop hardness is 90HK-100 HK; the material of the second sealing ring satisfies: the flexural modulus is 0.2GPa to 0.25GPa, the elongation is 300 percent to 380 percent, and the flexural strength is 80MPa to 100 MPa.

10. The finishing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first sealing ring is made of one of pp, ptfe, nylon, and peek, and the second sealing ring is made of one of silicone, rubber, and nitrile.

11. A finishing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder wall of the cylinder block is provided with a coating, the thickness of which is 50 μm to 220 μm, the hardness is 1500HV to 2200HV, and the material is one or a combination of oxide, carbide, boride and nitride ceramics.

12. The skin finishing device of claim 11, wherein the surface of the coating has a roughness ofRa 0.05-0.4 μm, roundness less than or equal to 100 μm and cylindricity less than or equal to 200 μm.

13. A finishing device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a diagnostic device having a flow rate and/or flow sensor and a pressure sensor for sensing the flow rate and/or flow and pressure of the finishing medium.

14. The finishing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the finishing medium comprises a liquid phase having a viscosity <1000cP and a solid phase comprising abrasive particles, the finishing work piece is a micro internal flow channel piece having an aperture of 3mm or less and an aspect ratio of 50:1 or more.

15. A finishing method of an inner flow passage member, characterized in that the finishing device according to any one of claims 1 to 14 is used, the finishing medium comprises a liquid phase and a solid phase, the viscosity of the liquid phase is less than 1000cP, the solid phase comprises abrasive particles, the workpiece to be finished is a micro inner flow passage member, the caliber of the micro inner flow passage member is less than or equal to 3mm, and the length-diameter ratio of the micro inner flow passage member is greater than or equal to 50:1, the thrust system of the finishing device applies a predetermined pressure to the finishing medium, so that the finishing medium flows in the micro inner flow passage member at a flow speed of more than 5m/s, the flow rate of the finishing medium flowing into the interior of the micro inner flow passage member at one end of the micro inner flow passage member reaches a saturation value capable of accommodating the flow rate at the caliber of the micro inner flow passage member, and the hydraulic pressure in the inner flow passage member is in a pressure-holding state.

16. A sealing system for a finishing assembly as defined in any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising:

the piston can reciprocate along the extending direction of the cylinder wall of the cylinder body, and a thrust system is communicated with one end of the piston and provides driving force for the piston;

the sealing system comprises a piston, a cylinder body and a sealing system, wherein the piston at least comprises a first groove and a second groove from the top to the bottom, the sealing system also comprises a sealing ring positioned between the piston and the cylinder body, the sealing ring comprises a first sealing ring arranged in the first groove and a second sealing ring arranged in the second groove, and the radial gap between the piston and the cylinder body is 1-2.5 mm;

the first groove is of a split structure, the top surface of the piston is a plane, a cover plate is detachably arranged on the top surface of the piston, an inclined surface is arranged on the periphery of the cover plate, and a single-side inclined groove is formed by the inclined surface and the top surface of the piston to form the first groove; the second groove is formed in the side wall of the piston.