WO2023240756A1 - Oilfield crude oil dehydration desalination collection and transportation process package - Google Patents
Oilfield crude oil dehydration desalination collection and transportation process package Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023240756A1 WO2023240756A1 PCT/CN2022/108381 CN2022108381W WO2023240756A1 WO 2023240756 A1 WO2023240756 A1 WO 2023240756A1 CN 2022108381 W CN2022108381 W CN 2022108381W WO 2023240756 A1 WO2023240756 A1 WO 2023240756A1
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- Prior art keywords
- crude oil
- oil
- water
- desalination
- electric
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- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 119
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004614 Process Aid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
- E21B43/40—Separation associated with re-injection of separated materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4604—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of oilfield crude oil treatment engineering, and specifically relates to an oilfield crude oil dehydration, desalination treatment and gathering and transportation process package.
- Oil fields are widely distributed in the world, not only offshore oil fields, but also onshore oil fields.
- the properties of crude oil in each oil field are very different. Even in the same oil field, in different oil areas and different stages of production, the properties of the crude oil produced are very different.
- the proportion of crude oil, natural gas and water in the liquid, the specific gravity of crude oil, water content, salt content, colloid, asphaltene content, etc. These directly affect the dehydration, desalination and external transportation of crude oil.
- Special processes need to be adopted according to different working conditions to ensure that the water content in the crude oil after treatment is less than 0.5% and the salt content is less than 100 mg/L.
- the operating temperature of oilfield equipment is relatively low, which has also become an influencing factor and restriction on the final processing effect of crude oil. If a higher operating temperature is required, more heat sources will be needed, and additional investment in heating furnaces needs to be considered. More importantly, In the subsequent crude oil stabilization process, in order to ensure the Reynolds vapor pressure of the crude oil, it is necessary to lower the temperature of the crude oil through a huge heat exchange network. This is because at higher operating temperatures, a large amount of light hydrocarbons are evaporated. It is also necessary to add a light hydrocarbon recovery system, which will greatly increase engineering investment. In addition, in some oil fields, when determining higher operating temperatures, the impact on sewage treatment and reinjection into the formation will also be considered.
- sewage In the production process of general oil fields , sewage is generally biodegraded and reinjected into the formation.
- the organism here is a type of bacteria, which can withstand relatively low temperatures. After comprehensively considering various factors, some oil fields require that the operating temperature of electric dehydration and desalination be controlled at a lower temperature to achieve dehydration and desalination.
- the produced crude oil emulsion is more stable, especially in some oil fields that produce medium and heavy crude oil.
- the properties of crude oil include high specific gravity, high viscosity, high acid value, high water content and other heavy properties. Characteristics of inferiority.
- the difference in specific gravity and viscosity of oil and water are not conducive to the separation of oil and water.
- the factor with a greater impact is that it is easy to form a stubborn emulsified layer with high conductivity at the oil-water interface, which often leads to high voltage in the electrodehydration and desalting equipment.
- the transformer loses power, and even the high-voltage electric field short-circuit or breakdown prevents traditional equipment from operating normally.
- the invention patent with application number CN202110942445.1 is a process technology specifically used for heavy oil treatment in offshore oil fields. It is mainly used for later use in offshore heavy oil fields, such as high-temperature and high-pressure steam. forced mining methods such as flooding and polymer flooding. It is mainly used for heavy oil with high viscosity, large changes in gas and liquid volume, and relatively high sand content. Therefore, the main features of this process package are that more heat exchangers and heaters are designed to flexibly control the temperature, and more desanders are designed to reduce the amount of sediment in crude oil and water. However, there is no technological innovation in the core electro-dehydration process.
- the process of this process package does not include a process for how to deal with possible unqualified oil samples, and there are certain flaws or incompleteness in the design of the process package.
- the design of this process package did not consider how to conduct preliminary process treatment of substandard sewage generated due to substandard treatment of its own process equipment, so that it can be discharged to subsequent sewage treatment. device.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an oil field crude oil dehydration, desalination, gathering and transportation process package, which is mainly used in the crude oil extraction, processing, gathering and transportation process flow of onshore oil fields.
- the process package provided by the invention includes a main process equipment flow and a supporting process aid system.
- the main process equipment flow is divided into three process sections, including a crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section, an oily sewage treatment and circulation process section, and a post-dehydration and desalination gathering and transportation process.
- the supporting process additive system adopts a skid-mounted multiple process additive system.
- the crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section includes a plug flow collector, separator, electric dehydrator, electric desalter and crude oil stabilization tower.
- the produced fluid extracted from the oil field is collected through each branch pipeline and connected to the inlet of the plug flow collector.
- the outlet of the plug flow collector is connected to the inlet of the heating heat exchanger.
- the stable produced liquid flows into the heating heat exchanger through the outlet of the plug flow collector.
- the outlet of the heating heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the three-phase separator.
- the heating heat exchanger can be heated by a gas heating furnace, an oil heating furnace or a mixed fuel.
- the furnace is used as a heat exchange heat source.
- the gas used in the gas heating furnace uses the oil and gas separated from the oil field production fluid as fuel. Oil fields with low oil and gas volumes use oil-fired heating furnaces; the separator is based on the water content of the produced fluid.
- one-stage separator and two-stage separator can be designed.
- the two-stage separation is connected in series mode to separate the gas phase and liquid phase of the produced liquid; the top of the separator is equipped with a protruding columnar collector.
- the gas bag collects the oil and gas in the produced liquid; the water chamber and the oil chamber inside the separator are respectively equipped with water phase liquid level gauges and oil phase liquid level gauges, and the gas phase part of the produced liquid is collected into the gas collecting bag , the gas collection bag is connected to the raw material air inlet pipeline of the gas heating furnace, and the separated oil and gas enters the gas heating furnace as gas.
- a pressure control regulating valve is provided on the gas collection bag and the raw material gas inlet pipeline of the gas heating furnace.
- the pressure control regulating valve When the pressure in the gas collection bag reaches the set pressure, the pressure control regulating valve will automatically switch to realize the collection and discharge of the gas phase in the gas collection bag; there is a drainage pipe at the bottom of the water chamber in the separator tank.
- the drainage pipe is connected to the sewage drainage pipeline.
- the flow regulating valve is associated with the liquid level gauge. According to the water phase liquid level set by the liquid level gauge, the opening of the flow regulating valve is controlled to realize water flow.
- an oil discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the oil chamber in the separator tank, and the oil discharge pipe is connected to the oil outlet line of the separator, and the oil outlet line is provided with Flow control valve, the flow control valve is interlocked with the oil-water interface instrument to realize automatic control of oil phase flow;
- the oil outlet pipeline is connected to the inlet of the booster pump, and the outlet of the booster pump is connected to the oil inlet pipeline of the electric dehydrator;
- the electric dehydrator is a low-temperature electric dehydrator, and the operating temperature is generally not greater than 60°C; the electric dehydrator adopts AC or AC-DC or high-frequency or intelligent response control power supply;
- the internal electric field structure of the electric dehydrator Using horizontal plates, the internal electric field structure can be divided into two structural units, a horizontal high-strength electric field structural unit and a horizontal weak electric field structural unit.
- the horizontal high-strength electric field structural unit generally adopts AC or AC-DC or intelligent response control power supply.
- the horizontal weak electric field structural unit uses a high-frequency power supply; the technical indicators of the electric dehydrator include water content after dehydration ⁇ 0.5%, oil content in the discharged water ⁇ 1000ppm; after the produced liquid is processed by the electric dehydrator, oil will be produced from it
- the pipeline flows through the heat exchanger and is heated again to reach the design operating temperature of the electric desalting device.
- a mixing unit is provided on the oil inlet pipeline of the electric desalting device.
- the mixing unit includes a static mixer and a mixing valve.
- the above-mentioned electric desalination device uses AC or DC or intelligent response control power supply, and the electric field structure in the tank adopts vertical plates; the above-mentioned electric desalination device is designed with an automatic backwash system, which can not only use its own drainage to perform the water flushing process, but also The water flushing process of the separator and electric dehydrator effectively saves water; the oil outlet pipeline of the electric desalter is connected to the inlet pipeline of the crude oil stabilization tower.
- the crude oil stabilization tower can use negative pressure according to the different properties of the crude oil in the oil field.
- the assessment indicators of crude oil after separation by crude oil stabilization tower include crude oil water content ⁇ 0.2%, crude oil salt content ⁇ 3mgNaCl/L.
- the gathering and transportation process section after dehydration and desalination includes qualified oil tanks, unqualified oil tanks, crude oil export pumps and metering systems.
- Crude oil that meets the assessment indicators is pumped into qualified oil tanks through crude oil pumps, while crude oil that does not meet assessment indicators is pumped into unqualified oil tanks.
- Crude oil in the qualified oil tank is stored to a certain amount, it is transported to the metering system by the crude oil export pump.
- the qualified oil tank and the crude oil export pump are automatically controlled through a liquid level gauge interlock.
- the metering system includes Measuring skid, calibration volume pipe skid and control system; the metering skid selects different types of flowmeters according to different measurement media, including speed type, volumetric type, mass type, ultrasonic type, etc.; the calibration volume
- the tube skid is made of stainless steel and uses a special stainless steel processing technology, which eliminates the risk of reduced accuracy and repeatability due to layer shedding and ensures the repeatability of the calibration volume tube;
- the control system integrates the metering skid and Batch processing measurement function and volume tube inspection function of the flow meter on the metering skid; the control system adopts a full set of redundant design, using a flow computer and a PLC with redundant functions, which greatly improves the reliability of the entire module operation With the improvement, the control system realizes pairwise redundant backup between flow computers and solves the communication problem between flow computers and PLCs of different products.
- the measurement accuracy of the metering system can reach 0.15%, and the repeatability of the calibration volume pipe skid can reach 0.02%, reaching the industry's advanced level.
- the unqualified crude oil in the unqualified oil storage tank will re-enter the crude oil pipeline through the pipeline. , the unqualified crude oil enters the plug flow trap again from the crude oil pipeline for multiple circulation processes.
- the oily sewage treatment and circulation process section includes an oily sewage treatment device, a booster pump, a water purification and desalination treatment system, a water storage tank and a water injection pump.
- the oily sewage produced in the crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section mainly includes the drainage of the separator, the drainage of the electric dehydrator, the drainage of the electric desalter and the drainage of the unqualified oil tank. It is collected through the sewage pipeline and combined with the oily sewage treatment device.
- the inlet pipeline is connected.
- the oily sewage treatment device is divided into multiple functional chambers, including a rapid cyclone separator chamber, a gathering separation chamber, and an oil and gas gathering steam drum.
- the gathering separation chamber is equipped with different fillers, including fixed ones.
- the fixed packing can adopt a honeycomb structure or a corrugated structure;
- the bulk packing can adopt annular packing or spherical packing;
- the oil and gas accumulation drum is arranged in a sewage treatment
- the gas phase part in the oil and gas gathering steam drum is collected into the gas collecting bag.
- the gas collecting bag is connected to the raw material air inlet pipeline of the gas heating furnace.
- the separated oil and gas are used as gas again.
- the oil phase outlet pipeline of the oily sewage treatment device is connected to the unqualified tank in the gathering and transportation process section after dehydration and desalination.
- the water phase outlet pipeline of the oily sewage treatment device enters the water purification and desalination treatment system after passing through the booster pump.
- the water purification and desalination treatment system includes an ultrafiltration system and a reverse osmosis system.
- a single ultrafiltration system or a single reverse osmosis system or a combination mode of an ultrafiltration system and a reverse osmosis system can be reasonably selected according to needs; the ultrafiltration system
- the system and reverse osmosis system can be designed into a single group or multi-group series mode according to the water treatment capacity.
- the water phase processed by the water purification and desalination treatment system is stored in a water storage tank for later use.
- the water stored in the water storage tank can be used as water injection for the electric desalination device, backwash water for the water purification system, or as water for other process devices.
- a heat exchanger is installed in the water injection pipeline from the water storage pipe to the electric desalter to heat the purified water injection, thereby ensuring that the temperature of the water injected into the electric desalter is sufficient and avoiding the emulsification of crude oil caused by cold water injection.
- the supporting process aid system includes a skid-mounted compact multi-functional agent injection device and related process aids.
- the skid-mounted compact multifunctional medicament injection device includes a medicament feed pump, a medicament storage tank, and a medicament filling device.
- the inlet of the pharmaceutical feed pump adopts a quick connector to facilitate the connection of the incoming pipeline, and the outlet is respectively connected to the entrance pipeline of the pharmaceutical storage tank;
- the pharmaceutical storage tank adopts a square structure and is divided into multiple independent ones by using partitions. Storage space. According to the physical and chemical properties of different medicines, different storage spaces are made of materials or treated with lining or spraying to meet the requirements for storing medicines; the medicine filling device can use a single head according to the type and quantity of medicines.
- the medicine filling pump adopts a high-precision metering pump.
- the relevant process chemicals mentioned in the flow mainly include water-soluble demulsifiers, defoaming agents, water purifiers, reverse demulsifiers, oil-soluble demulsifiers, viscosity reducers, pour point demulsifiers, etc.
- the injection points of the relevant process aids are generally set on the inlet pipelines of each device.
- the injection points of the water-soluble demulsifier include the inlet pipelines of plug flow traps, separators, electric dehydrators, and electric desalters.
- the injection point of defoaming agent and water purifier is set on the inlet pipeline of the separator
- the injection point of reverse demulsifier is set on the inlet pipeline of electric dehydrator and electric desalter
- the injection point of oily demulsifier is It is set on the inlet pipeline of the electric desalter
- the injection point position of the viscosity reducer and pour point depressant is set on the external pipeline of the calibration volume pipe skid.
- the present invention has the following advantages:
- the crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section designed by the present invention can ensure qualified dehydration and desalination effects for light crude oil, medium crude oil and heavy crude oil produced in different oil fields or different oil areas, especially when facing oil fields. For oil-water separation at low temperatures, it can still achieve good dehydration and desalination indicators and achieve qualified transportation of crude oil.
- the oily sewage treatment and recycling process section designed by the present invention makes full use of the large amount of oily wastewater in the oil field produced liquid.
- the oily sewage is deoiled, purified and desalted.
- the treated sewage is That is, low-salt fresh water, which can meet the water quality requirements of fresh water injected in the electric desalination process.
- the recycling of water resources is realized in the electric desalination system, which solves the problem of the lack of fresh water and low salt water for electric desalination injection in some desert oil fields in the Middle East and Africa. problems, reducing the pressure on oilfield sewage treatment; at the same time recovering some oil, gas and crude oil resources.
- the oil and gas recovery process designed by the present invention uses the collected oil and gas resources as raw materials for the heat source heating furnace. Due to the different proportions of oil and gas in the oil field produced fluid, there are certain differences in the form and effect of its utilization. However, the overall effect is to fully utilize the separated oil and gas resources in the oil field produced fluid and avoid direct flare combustion. waste.
- the oil product gathering and transportation process section designed by the present invention not only realizes the precise transportation of qualified oil products, but also makes reasonable process flow processing for unqualified oil products to avoid the transportation of unqualified oil products.
- the skid-mounted multi-functional compact pharmaceutical injection system designed by the present invention realizes the multi-functionality of one skid, so that the pharmaceutical filling devices originally distributed in different areas are concentrated into one skid-mounted equipment, which greatly facilitates the on-site management of pharmaceuticals and reduces the cost of It reduces human resource costs and at the same time ensures accurate filling of various chemicals.
- the process flow package designed by the present invention can optimize the combination of process flows according to the different properties of oil field produced fluids and customer needs, and reasonably optimize some equipment or devices in the process package to achieve the best process flow. .
- the present invention can be widely used in crude oil extraction, processing, gathering and transportation processes on land, in water-deficient deserts, and in oil fields in Africa.
- Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an oilfield crude oil dehydration, desalination, gathering and transportation process package
- Figure 2 is a distribution view of the skid-mounted compact multifunctional chemical injection system
- Figure 3 is a single-chamber flow chart of the skid-mounted compact multifunctional chemical injection system
- Crude oil pipeline 2. Plug flow trap, 3. Primary separator, 4. Secondary separator, 5. Electric dehydrator, 6. Electric desalter, 7. Crude oil stabilization tower, 8 , Qualified oil tank, 9. Unqualified oil tank, 10. Oily sewage treatment device, 11. Booster pump, 12. Ultrafiltration system, 13. Reverse osmosis system, 14. Water storage pipe, 15. Water injection pump, 16. Measurement Skid, 17. Volume pipe, 18. Crude oil export pipe, 19. Heat exchanger, 20. Water flushing pump, 21. Crude oil pump, 22. Crude oil export pump, 23. Heating furnace, 30.
- Compact multi-variety chemicals Injection system 301, water-soluble demulsifier, 302, defoaming agent, 303, water purifier, 304, pour point depressant, 305, viscosity reducer, 306, oil-soluble demulsifier, 307, reverse demulsifier.
- the production fluid produced by oil production drilling is transported to the production fluid manifold of the joint station through pipelines.
- the main component of the production fluid is oil-water emulsion, containing a small amount of oil and gas, in which the water in the oil-water emulsion The content reaches 70-80%.
- the produced liquid is connected to the inlet pipeline of the plug flow collector 2 through the crude oil pipeline 1. After being stabilized by the plug flow collector 2, the produced liquid is smoothly output to the heat exchanger 18, and passes through the heat exchanger 18 After the temperature rises to 60-70°C, it enters the first-level separator 3 to achieve three-phase separation. The oil and gas are collected into the gas collection bag at the top of the first-level separator 3.
- the oil and gas are discharged through the automatic adjustment switch of the air pressure control valve.
- the oil and gas are recovered as The raw material of the gas heating furnace 23, the emulsion water content separated by the primary separator 3 is about 5%-10%, enters the secondary separator 4 for three-phase separation again, and the oil and gas in the secondary separator 4 are recovered again Utilize, the water content of the separated emulsion meets the technical index requirements of the crude oil at the outlet of the separator, and the water content is ⁇ 2%.
- the oil outlet pipeline of the secondary separator 4 uses the booster pump 11 to remove the crude oil with a water content less than 2%. It enters the electric dehydrator 5 through the booster pump 11.
- the heat source of the gas heating furnace 23 can barely heat the produced liquid to 60-70°C.
- the design of the electric dehydrator 5 adopts a low temperature
- the technology of electric dehydration uses a horizontal plate electric field structure in the tank, and the power supply adopts an intelligent response control power supply.
- a high-frequency electric field mechanism is set up at the oil-water interface.
- the electric dehydrator 5 Through reasonable electric field design and layout in the tank, the electric dehydrator 5.
- the water content of exported crude oil reaches the target requirement of ⁇ 0.2%.
- the electric desalter 6 since the salt content of the produced liquid is ⁇ 50 mgNaCl/L, after the produced liquid is treated by the electric dehydrator 5, it flows from the oil flow line through the heat exchanger 19 and is heated again to reach the design operating temperature of the electric desalter 6 , the electric desalter 6 uses AC or DC or intelligent response control power supply, and the electric field structure in the tank adopts vertical plates; the electric desalter 6 is equipped with a water flushing pump 20, which can use its own drainage to carry out the water flushing process, and at the same time, it also controls the separator. The water flushing process is carried out with the electric dehydrator 5.
- the oil outlet pipeline of the electric desalter 6 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the crude oil stabilizing tower 7.
- the crude oil stabilizing tower 7 adopts the negative pressure separation method according to the different properties of the crude oil in the oil field and separates through the crude oil stabilizing tower 7.
- the crude oil water content of the final crude oil is ⁇ 0.2%, and the crude oil salt content is ⁇ 3mgNaCl/L. It is directly transported to the export qualified oil tank 8.
- the crude oil that does not meet the standard enters the unqualified oil tank 9.
- the qualified oil tank 8 After being stored for a certain period of time, the qualified oil tank 8 After the crude oil in the oil reaches the reserve amount of crude oil for export, the qualified crude oil is transported to the metering skid 16 and the volume pipe 117 calibration device through the crude oil export pump 22, thereby realizing accurate crude oil export.
- the oily sewage separated by the separator, electric dehydrator 5, electric desalter 6 and unqualified oil tank 9 controls the opening of the sewage regulating valve through the interface instrument installed inside the tank to achieve the stability of the oil-water interface.
- the discharged sewage is collected through the sewage pipeline to the oily sewage treatment device.
- a small amount of oil and gas generated is collected through the gas collection bag on the top of the oily sewage treatment device 10, and is discharged to the gas heating furnace as raw material through the oil and gas pipeline. twenty three.
- the separated oil phase is used as unqualified oil and is discharged to the unqualified oil tank 9 through the oil outlet pipeline.
- the water phase separated by the oily sewage treatment device 10 reaches the design index, and the oil content in the water is ⁇ 150 ppm. After passing through the booster pump 11, it enters the water purification and desalination treatment system, and passes through the ultrafiltration system 12 and reverse osmosis system in the water purification and desalination treatment system. 13. The water is purified, and the purified water enters the water storage tank 14. The water in the water storage tank 14 repeatedly flushes the ultrafiltration system 12 and the reverse osmosis system 13, and also injects water into the electric desalination device 6.
- the produced liquid produced by oil production drilling near the joint station is transported to the produced liquid manifold of the joint station through pipelines.
- the main component of the produced liquid is oil-water emulsion, containing a small amount of oil and gas, in which oil and water The water content of the emulsion reaches 70-80%.
- the produced liquid is connected to the inlet pipeline of the plug flow collector 2 through the crude oil pipeline 1. After being stabilized by the plug flow collector 2, the produced liquid is smoothly output to the heat exchanger 18, and passes through the heat exchanger 18 After the temperature rises to 60-70°C, it enters the primary separator 3 to achieve three-phase separation. The oil and gas are collected into the gas collection bag at the top of the primary separator 3.
- the oil and gas are discharged through the automatic adjustment switch of the air pressure control valve.
- the oil and gas are recovered as The raw material of the gas heating furnace 23, the emulsion water content separated by the primary separator 3 is about 5%-10%, enters the secondary separator 4 for three-phase separation again, and the oil and gas in the secondary separator 4 are recovered again Utilize, the water content of the separated emulsion meets the technical index requirements of the crude oil at the outlet of the separator, and the water content is ⁇ 2%.
- the oil outlet pipeline of the secondary separator 4 uses the booster pump 11 to remove the crude oil with a water content less than 2%. It enters the electric dehydrator 5 through the booster pump 11.
- the heat source of the gas heating furnace 23 can barely heat the produced liquid to 60-70°C.
- the design of the electric dehydrator 5 adopts a low temperature
- the technology of electric dehydration uses a horizontal plate electric field structure in the tank, and the power supply adopts an intelligent response control power supply.
- a high-frequency electric field mechanism is set up at the oil-water interface.
- the electric dehydrator 5 Through reasonable electric field design and layout in the tank, the electric dehydrator 5.
- the water content of exported crude oil reaches the target requirement of ⁇ 0.2%.
- the electric desalter 6 process is omitted from the design process of this process package and is directly transported to the external qualified oil tank 8.
- the qualified crude oil is transported to the metering skid 16 and the volume pipe 117 calibration device through the crude oil export pump 22, thereby realizing accurate crude oil export.
- the oily sewage separated by the separator, the electric dehydrator 5 and the electric desalter 6 controls the opening of the sewage regulating valve through the interface instrument installed inside the tank to achieve the stability of the oil-water interface.
- the discharged sewage is collected through the sewage pipeline to the oily sewage treatment device.
- a small amount of oil and gas generated is collected through the gas collection bag on the top of the oily sewage treatment device 10, and is discharged to the gas heating furnace as raw material through the oil and gas pipeline. twenty three.
- the separated oil phase is used as unqualified oil and is discharged to the unqualified oil tank 9 through the oil outlet pipeline.
- the water phase separated by the oily sewage treatment device 10 reaches the design index, and the oil content in the water is ⁇ 150 ppm, and can be directly discharged to the oil field sewage treatment unit through the sewage pipeline.
- this process package does not design an electric desalter process and does not involve electric desalination water injection (industrial water)
- the sewage treatment process section has also been appropriately optimized and the ultrafiltration system and reverse osmosis system have been streamlined.
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Abstract
An oilfield crude oil dehydration, desalination, collection and transportation process package, characterized by comprising: a main-process device procedure and a supporting-process auxiliary agent system; each process section of the main-process device procedure involves a corresponding auxiliary agent being added by the supporting-process auxiliary agent system; the main-process device procedure comprises a crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section, an oily wastewater treatment and circulation process section and a post-dehydration post-desalination collection and transportation process section; by means of the wastewater treatment process procedure, the present process package performs separate wastewater purification and desalination treatment, achieving water quality satisfying requirements for the injection of fresh water in the electric desalination process, achieving cyclic use of water resources in an electric dehydration and desalination system, and solving the problem of insufficient low-salinity water in certain desert oilfields in the Middle East, Africa, etc. The procedure additionally recovers a portion of oil gas and crude oil resources, making it so that oil and gas resources separated from oilfield produced fluids are fully utilized, and avoiding the waste of direct torch burning.
Description
本发明属于油田原油处理工程技术领域,具体涉及一种油田原油脱水脱盐处理及集输工艺包。The invention belongs to the technical field of oilfield crude oil treatment engineering, and specifically relates to an oilfield crude oil dehydration, desalination treatment and gathering and transportation process package.
世界上油田分布广泛,不仅海上油田,还是陆地油田,各油田原油性质差异较大,即使同一油田,在不同油区,及不同的开采阶段,所采出的原油性质差别较大,如采出液中原油、天然气和水比例,原油比重,含水量,含盐量,胶质、沥青质含量等等。这些都直接影响原油脱水脱盐处理及外输,需要针对不同工况,采用特种工艺,进行处理,使处理后原油中含水量<0.5%,含盐量<100mg/L的外输技术指标。在各种不同类型的原油储量丰富的中东和非洲地区,往往都在沙漠或戈壁滩,都有一个共同特点就是淡水的缺乏。而在原油脱盐工艺中,需要加入原油处理量3-6%,含盐量不大于200mg/L的低含盐水,这些低含盐水往往要从外部的淡水河中,用槽罐车运输到现场,这对年产50万吨油田来说,是个庞大工作任务,花费大量的人力、物力和财力,成为淡水缺乏油田长期未能解决的痛点和难点问题。Oil fields are widely distributed in the world, not only offshore oil fields, but also onshore oil fields. The properties of crude oil in each oil field are very different. Even in the same oil field, in different oil areas and different stages of production, the properties of the crude oil produced are very different. The proportion of crude oil, natural gas and water in the liquid, the specific gravity of crude oil, water content, salt content, colloid, asphaltene content, etc. These directly affect the dehydration, desalination and external transportation of crude oil. Special processes need to be adopted according to different working conditions to ensure that the water content in the crude oil after treatment is less than 0.5% and the salt content is less than 100 mg/L. In the Middle East and Africa, where reserves of various types of crude oil are abundant, often in deserts or Gobi deserts, one common feature is the lack of fresh water. In the crude oil desalination process, it is necessary to add 3-6% of the crude oil processing capacity and low salt water content with a salt content of no more than 200mg/L. These low salt water contents are often transported to the site from external freshwater rivers by tank trucks. This For an oil field with an annual output of 500,000 tons, it is a huge task, which consumes a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, and has become a pain point and difficult problem that has not been solved for a long time in oil fields lacking fresh water.
在油田设备的操作温度比较低,这也成为影响原油最终处理效果的影响因素和限制条件,如要有较高的操作温度会需要更多的热源,需要考虑增加加热炉的投资,更关键的是在后续的原油稳定工序中,为确保原油的雷诺蒸气压,还需要通过庞大的换热网络,将原油温度降下来,这是因为在较高的操作温度下,大量轻烃被蒸发出来,还需要增上轻烃回收系统,工程投资会大大增加;另外,在某些油田,在确定较高的操作温度时,也会考虑对污水处理回注地层的影响,在一般油田的生产工艺中,污水一般采用生物降解后回注地层,这里 的生物是一种细菌,这种细菌耐受温度比较低。综合考虑各种因素后,一些油田要求电脱水电脱盐的操作温度控制在较低的温度下实现脱水脱盐。The operating temperature of oilfield equipment is relatively low, which has also become an influencing factor and restriction on the final processing effect of crude oil. If a higher operating temperature is required, more heat sources will be needed, and additional investment in heating furnaces needs to be considered. More importantly, In the subsequent crude oil stabilization process, in order to ensure the Reynolds vapor pressure of the crude oil, it is necessary to lower the temperature of the crude oil through a huge heat exchange network. This is because at higher operating temperatures, a large amount of light hydrocarbons are evaporated. It is also necessary to add a light hydrocarbon recovery system, which will greatly increase engineering investment. In addition, in some oil fields, when determining higher operating temperatures, the impact on sewage treatment and reinjection into the formation will also be considered. In the production process of general oil fields , sewage is generally biodegraded and reinjected into the formation. The organism here is a type of bacteria, which can withstand relatively low temperatures. After comprehensively considering various factors, some oil fields require that the operating temperature of electric dehydration and desalination be controlled at a lower temperature to achieve dehydration and desalination.
在较低的操作温度下,所采出原油乳化液更加稳定,特别是在一些产出中、重质原油的油田,原油性质具有高比重,高粘度,高酸值、高含水量等重质劣质化的特点。根据STOCKS水滴沉降公式,油水比重差,粘度等都不利于油水分离,影响比较大的因素是,容易在油水界位处形成具有较高导电率的顽固乳化层,往往导致电脱水电脱盐设备高压变压器断电,甚至高压电场短路或击穿,使传统设备不能正常运行。这对作为油田原油处理后外输技术指标达标把关的电脱水、电脱盐设备提出了更高的要求。在这种情况下,必须根据油品性质和操作条件,进行低温操作条件下电脱水电脱盐设备的研发,以满足采用低操作温度的油田,原油脱水脱盐处理技术指标的要求,确保外输原油合格。At lower operating temperatures, the produced crude oil emulsion is more stable, especially in some oil fields that produce medium and heavy crude oil. The properties of crude oil include high specific gravity, high viscosity, high acid value, high water content and other heavy properties. Characteristics of inferiority. According to the STOCKS water droplet settlement formula, the difference in specific gravity and viscosity of oil and water are not conducive to the separation of oil and water. The factor with a greater impact is that it is easy to form a stubborn emulsified layer with high conductivity at the oil-water interface, which often leads to high voltage in the electrodehydration and desalting equipment. The transformer loses power, and even the high-voltage electric field short-circuit or breakdown prevents traditional equipment from operating normally. This puts forward higher requirements for electric dehydration and electric desalination equipment, which are used to check the technical indicators of oilfield crude oil for export after treatment. In this case, the research and development of electric dehydration and desalting equipment under low-temperature operating conditions must be carried out based on the properties of the oil and operating conditions to meet the technical requirements for crude oil dehydration and desalting treatment in oil fields using low operating temperatures, and to ensure that exported crude oil qualified.
申请号为CN202110942445.1的发明专利“一种海上热采稠油集输处理工艺包”是专门用于海上油田稠油处理的工艺技术,主要用于海上稠油油田后期采用,如高温高压蒸汽驱、聚合物驱等强制开采方式。主要针对粘度高的稠油,气液量变化大,含砂量比较高。因此,在该工艺包中,主要特点是,设计了较多的换热器和加热器以灵活控制温度,设计了较多的脱砂器,降低原油和水中的泥沙量。但是在核心的电脱工艺上没有进行技术创新,在处理油田后期开采原油时,往往因原油粘度大,导电率高,出现电脱水电脱盐设备送电困难,甚至变压器短路或跳闸的情况。该工艺包的流程中没有针对可能出现的处理油样不合格情况时的如何处理的工艺流程,工艺包设计存在一定的缺陷或不完整性。同时,由于海洋采油平台的局限性和特殊性,该工艺包的设计没有考虑因自身工艺设备处理不达标而产生的不达标污水如何进行初步的工艺处理,使之达到能够排放至后续的污水处理装置。The invention patent with application number CN202110942445.1 "An offshore thermal recovery heavy oil gathering and transportation processing technology package" is a process technology specifically used for heavy oil treatment in offshore oil fields. It is mainly used for later use in offshore heavy oil fields, such as high-temperature and high-pressure steam. forced mining methods such as flooding and polymer flooding. It is mainly used for heavy oil with high viscosity, large changes in gas and liquid volume, and relatively high sand content. Therefore, the main features of this process package are that more heat exchangers and heaters are designed to flexibly control the temperature, and more desanders are designed to reduce the amount of sediment in crude oil and water. However, there is no technological innovation in the core electro-dehydration process. When extracting crude oil in the later stages of oil fields, it is often difficult to transmit power to the electro-dehydration and desalination equipment due to the high viscosity and high conductivity of the crude oil, and even the transformer may short-circuit or trip. The process of this process package does not include a process for how to deal with possible unqualified oil samples, and there are certain flaws or incompleteness in the design of the process package. At the same time, due to the limitations and particularities of offshore oil production platforms, the design of this process package did not consider how to conduct preliminary process treatment of substandard sewage generated due to substandard treatment of its own process equipment, so that it can be discharged to subsequent sewage treatment. device.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种油田原油脱水脱盐集输工艺包,主要应用于陆地油田的原油开采处理、集输工艺流程。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an oil field crude oil dehydration, desalination, gathering and transportation process package, which is mainly used in the crude oil extraction, processing, gathering and transportation process flow of onshore oil fields.
本发明提供的工艺包包括主工艺设备流程和配套工艺助剂系统,主工艺设备流程分为三个工艺段,包括原油脱水脱盐处理工艺段、含油污水处理及循环工艺段和脱水脱盐后集输工艺段,配套工艺助剂系统采用撬装式多种工艺助剂助剂系统。The process package provided by the invention includes a main process equipment flow and a supporting process aid system. The main process equipment flow is divided into three process sections, including a crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section, an oily sewage treatment and circulation process section, and a post-dehydration and desalination gathering and transportation process. In the process section, the supporting process additive system adopts a skid-mounted multiple process additive system.
原油脱水脱盐处理工艺段包括断塞流捕集器、分离器、电脱水器、电脱盐器和原油稳定塔。The crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section includes a plug flow collector, separator, electric dehydrator, electric desalter and crude oil stabilization tower.
油田开采出的采出液经各分支管线汇总后与断塞流捕集器的入口连接,断塞流捕集器的出口与加热换热器相入口相连,经断塞流捕集器处理后,平稳的采出液经断塞流捕集器出口流入加热换热器,加热换热器出口与三相分离器入口连接,加热换热器可采用燃气加热炉、燃油加热炉或混合燃料加热炉作为换热热源,燃气加热炉所采用的燃气则是利用油田开采液分离后的油气作为燃料,油气量较低的油田,则采用燃油加热炉;分离器根据采出液的含水量的不同,可以设计一级分离器和两级分离器,两级分离采用串联模式相连接,将采出液实现了气相和液相的分离;所述的分离器顶部均设有一个凸出柱状的集气包,收集采出液中的油气;分离器内部的水室和油室分别设有水相液位计和油相液位计,所采出液中的气相部分汇集到该集气包内,集气包与燃气加热炉的原料进气管线相连,分出的油气作为燃气进入燃气加热炉,所述的集气包与燃气加热炉的原料进气管线上设置了一个压力控制调节阀,当集气包内的压力达到设定压力时,压力控制调节阀将实现自动开关,实现集气包内气相的收集和排放;所述的分离器罐内水室的底部设有排水管,该排水管与污水排水管线连接,污 水排水管线上设有流量调节阀,流量调节阀与液位计关联,根据液位计设定的水相液位高度,控制流量调节阀的开度,实现水相的排放量,从而控制分离罐内的水相高度;分离器罐内油室的底部设有排油管,所述的排油管连接分离器的出油管线,所述的出油管线上设有流量调节阀,所述的流量调节阀与油水界面仪连锁,实现油相流量自动控制;所述的出油管线与增压泵入口相连接,增压泵出口与电脱水器进油管线连接;所述的电脱水器为低温电脱水器,操作温度一般不大于60℃;所述的电脱水器采用交流或交直流或高频或智能响应控制电源;所述的电脱水器的内部电场结构采用水平极板,所述的内部电场结构可分为两个结构单元,水平高强电场结构单元和水平弱电场结构单元,所述的水平高强电场结构单元一般采用交流或交直流或智能响应控制电源,水平弱电场结构单元则采用高频电源;所述的电脱水器的技术指标包括脱后含水≤0.5%,排出水水中含油≤1000ppm;采出液经电脱水器处理后,自其出油管线流经换热器,再次升温,使其达到电脱盐装置的设计操作温度,所述的电脱盐器进油管线上设有混合单元,所述的混合单元包括静态混合器和混合阀,所述的电脱盐器采用交直流或智能响应控制电源,罐内电场结构采用垂直极板;所述的电脱盐器设计有自动反冲洗系统,不但能够利用自身的排水进行水冲洗流程工作,同时还对分离器和电脱水器进行水冲洗流程,有效的节约了用水;电脱盐器出油管线与原油稳定塔的进口管线相连,所述的原油稳定塔根据油田原油的性质不同,可采用负压分离法或加热闪蒸稳定法或分馏稳定法或多级分离稳定法;经原油稳定塔分离后的原油的考核指标包括原油含水≯0.2%,原油盐含量≯3mgNaCl/L。The produced fluid extracted from the oil field is collected through each branch pipeline and connected to the inlet of the plug flow collector. The outlet of the plug flow collector is connected to the inlet of the heating heat exchanger. After being processed by the plug flow collector, , the stable produced liquid flows into the heating heat exchanger through the outlet of the plug flow collector. The outlet of the heating heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the three-phase separator. The heating heat exchanger can be heated by a gas heating furnace, an oil heating furnace or a mixed fuel. The furnace is used as a heat exchange heat source. The gas used in the gas heating furnace uses the oil and gas separated from the oil field production fluid as fuel. Oil fields with low oil and gas volumes use oil-fired heating furnaces; the separator is based on the water content of the produced fluid. , one-stage separator and two-stage separator can be designed. The two-stage separation is connected in series mode to separate the gas phase and liquid phase of the produced liquid; the top of the separator is equipped with a protruding columnar collector. The gas bag collects the oil and gas in the produced liquid; the water chamber and the oil chamber inside the separator are respectively equipped with water phase liquid level gauges and oil phase liquid level gauges, and the gas phase part of the produced liquid is collected into the gas collecting bag , the gas collection bag is connected to the raw material air inlet pipeline of the gas heating furnace, and the separated oil and gas enters the gas heating furnace as gas. A pressure control regulating valve is provided on the gas collection bag and the raw material gas inlet pipeline of the gas heating furnace. When the pressure in the gas collection bag reaches the set pressure, the pressure control regulating valve will automatically switch to realize the collection and discharge of the gas phase in the gas collection bag; there is a drainage pipe at the bottom of the water chamber in the separator tank. The drainage pipe is connected to the sewage drainage pipeline. There is a flow regulating valve on the sewage drainage pipeline. The flow regulating valve is associated with the liquid level gauge. According to the water phase liquid level set by the liquid level gauge, the opening of the flow regulating valve is controlled to realize water flow. phase discharge, thereby controlling the height of the water phase in the separation tank; an oil discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the oil chamber in the separator tank, and the oil discharge pipe is connected to the oil outlet line of the separator, and the oil outlet line is provided with Flow control valve, the flow control valve is interlocked with the oil-water interface instrument to realize automatic control of oil phase flow; the oil outlet pipeline is connected to the inlet of the booster pump, and the outlet of the booster pump is connected to the oil inlet pipeline of the electric dehydrator; The electric dehydrator is a low-temperature electric dehydrator, and the operating temperature is generally not greater than 60°C; the electric dehydrator adopts AC or AC-DC or high-frequency or intelligent response control power supply; the internal electric field structure of the electric dehydrator Using horizontal plates, the internal electric field structure can be divided into two structural units, a horizontal high-strength electric field structural unit and a horizontal weak electric field structural unit. The horizontal high-strength electric field structural unit generally adopts AC or AC-DC or intelligent response control power supply. , the horizontal weak electric field structural unit uses a high-frequency power supply; the technical indicators of the electric dehydrator include water content after dehydration ≤ 0.5%, oil content in the discharged water ≤ 1000ppm; after the produced liquid is processed by the electric dehydrator, oil will be produced from it The pipeline flows through the heat exchanger and is heated again to reach the design operating temperature of the electric desalting device. A mixing unit is provided on the oil inlet pipeline of the electric desalting device. The mixing unit includes a static mixer and a mixing valve. The above-mentioned electric desalination device uses AC or DC or intelligent response control power supply, and the electric field structure in the tank adopts vertical plates; the above-mentioned electric desalination device is designed with an automatic backwash system, which can not only use its own drainage to perform the water flushing process, but also The water flushing process of the separator and electric dehydrator effectively saves water; the oil outlet pipeline of the electric desalter is connected to the inlet pipeline of the crude oil stabilization tower. The crude oil stabilization tower can use negative pressure according to the different properties of the crude oil in the oil field. Separation method or heating flash stabilization method or fractionation stabilization method or multi-stage separation stabilization method; the assessment indicators of crude oil after separation by crude oil stabilization tower include crude oil water content ≯0.2%, crude oil salt content ≯3mgNaCl/L.
所述的脱水脱盐后集输工艺段包括合格油罐、不合格油罐、原油外输泵和计量系统。The gathering and transportation process section after dehydration and desalination includes qualified oil tanks, unqualified oil tanks, crude oil export pumps and metering systems.
满足考核指标的原油通过原油泵泵入合格油罐,不满足考核指标的原油则泵入不合格油罐。合格油罐原油存储到一定量后,由原油外输泵将其输送至计量系统,所述的合格油罐与原油外输泵之间通过液位计连锁实现自动控制,所述的计量系统包括计量撬、校验体积管撬和控制系统;所述的计量撬根据不同计量介质,选择不同的类型的流量计,包括速度式、容积式、质量式、超声波式等;所述的校验体积管撬采用不锈钢材质,应用了特殊的不锈钢加工工艺,消除了由于图层脱落造成的精度和重复性下降的风险,保证了校验体积管的重复性;所述的控制系统集成了计量撬和批量处理计量功能和体积管对计量撬上个流量计的检验功能;所述的控制系统采用全套冗余设计,采用流量计算机和带冗余功能的PLC,使整个模块运行的可靠性得到极大的提高,所述的控制系统实现了流量计算机之间的两两冗余备份,解决了不同产品的流量计算机和PLC之间的通讯难题。所述的计量系统的计量精度能够达到0.15%,校验体积管撬的重复性实现0.02%,达到行业先进水平,所述的不合储油罐内的不合格原油将通过管线重新进入原油管线中,不合格原油从原油管线中再次进入断塞流捕集器进行多次的循环处理。Crude oil that meets the assessment indicators is pumped into qualified oil tanks through crude oil pumps, while crude oil that does not meet assessment indicators is pumped into unqualified oil tanks. After the crude oil in the qualified oil tank is stored to a certain amount, it is transported to the metering system by the crude oil export pump. The qualified oil tank and the crude oil export pump are automatically controlled through a liquid level gauge interlock. The metering system includes Measuring skid, calibration volume pipe skid and control system; the metering skid selects different types of flowmeters according to different measurement media, including speed type, volumetric type, mass type, ultrasonic type, etc.; the calibration volume The tube skid is made of stainless steel and uses a special stainless steel processing technology, which eliminates the risk of reduced accuracy and repeatability due to layer shedding and ensures the repeatability of the calibration volume tube; the control system integrates the metering skid and Batch processing measurement function and volume tube inspection function of the flow meter on the metering skid; the control system adopts a full set of redundant design, using a flow computer and a PLC with redundant functions, which greatly improves the reliability of the entire module operation With the improvement, the control system realizes pairwise redundant backup between flow computers and solves the communication problem between flow computers and PLCs of different products. The measurement accuracy of the metering system can reach 0.15%, and the repeatability of the calibration volume pipe skid can reach 0.02%, reaching the industry's advanced level. The unqualified crude oil in the unqualified oil storage tank will re-enter the crude oil pipeline through the pipeline. , the unqualified crude oil enters the plug flow trap again from the crude oil pipeline for multiple circulation processes.
所述的含油污水处理及循环工艺段包括含油污水处理装置、增压泵、水净化脱盐处理系统、储水罐和注水泵。所述原油脱水脱盐处理工艺段产生的含油污水,主要包括分离器的排水、电脱水器的排水、电脱盐器的排水和不合格油罐的排水,通过污水管线汇总,与含油污水处理装置的进口管线相连接。所述的含油污水处理装置内部分为多个功能腔室,包括快速旋流分离器腔室、聚集分离腔室、油气聚集汽包,所述的聚集分离腔室内设有不同的填料,包括固定式填和散装式填料,所述的固定式填料可以采用蜂窝状结构或波纹状结构;所述的散装式填料可采用环形填料或球形填料;所述的油气聚集汽包是设置在含 有污水处理罐顶部的一个凸出柱形的集气包,油气聚集汽包中的气相部分汇集到该集气包内,集气包与燃气加热炉的原料进气管线相连,分出的油气作为燃气再次进入燃气加热炉,所述的含油污水处理装置的油相出口管线连接到脱水脱盐后集输工艺段的不合格罐。所述的的含油污水处理装置水相出口管线通过增压泵后进入水净化脱盐处理系统。所述的水净化脱盐处理系统包括超滤系统和反渗透系统,可根据需求合理选择单一的超滤系统或单一的反渗透系统或超滤系统和反渗透系统的组合模式;所述的超滤系统和反渗透系统可根据水处理量设计成单组或多组系列模式。经水净化脱盐处理系统处理后的水相存储到储水罐内备用,所述的储水罐内的储水可作为电脱盐器的注水、水净化系统的反冲洗用水或作为其他工艺装置的工业用水,储水管注入至电脱盐器的注水管线中设置换热器,来对净化后的注水进行加热,从而保证注水至电脱盐器的温度足够,避免了冷水注入对原油造成的乳化。The oily sewage treatment and circulation process section includes an oily sewage treatment device, a booster pump, a water purification and desalination treatment system, a water storage tank and a water injection pump. The oily sewage produced in the crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section mainly includes the drainage of the separator, the drainage of the electric dehydrator, the drainage of the electric desalter and the drainage of the unqualified oil tank. It is collected through the sewage pipeline and combined with the oily sewage treatment device. The inlet pipeline is connected. The oily sewage treatment device is divided into multiple functional chambers, including a rapid cyclone separator chamber, a gathering separation chamber, and an oil and gas gathering steam drum. The gathering separation chamber is equipped with different fillers, including fixed ones. Type packing and bulk packing, the fixed packing can adopt a honeycomb structure or a corrugated structure; the bulk packing can adopt annular packing or spherical packing; the oil and gas accumulation drum is arranged in a sewage treatment There is a protruding cylindrical gas collecting bag on the top of the tank. The gas phase part in the oil and gas gathering steam drum is collected into the gas collecting bag. The gas collecting bag is connected to the raw material air inlet pipeline of the gas heating furnace. The separated oil and gas are used as gas again. Entering the gas heating furnace, the oil phase outlet pipeline of the oily sewage treatment device is connected to the unqualified tank in the gathering and transportation process section after dehydration and desalination. The water phase outlet pipeline of the oily sewage treatment device enters the water purification and desalination treatment system after passing through the booster pump. The water purification and desalination treatment system includes an ultrafiltration system and a reverse osmosis system. A single ultrafiltration system or a single reverse osmosis system or a combination mode of an ultrafiltration system and a reverse osmosis system can be reasonably selected according to needs; the ultrafiltration system The system and reverse osmosis system can be designed into a single group or multi-group series mode according to the water treatment capacity. The water phase processed by the water purification and desalination treatment system is stored in a water storage tank for later use. The water stored in the water storage tank can be used as water injection for the electric desalination device, backwash water for the water purification system, or as water for other process devices. For industrial water, a heat exchanger is installed in the water injection pipeline from the water storage pipe to the electric desalter to heat the purified water injection, thereby ensuring that the temperature of the water injected into the electric desalter is sufficient and avoiding the emulsification of crude oil caused by cold water injection.
所述的配套工艺助剂系统包括撬装式紧凑型多功能药剂注入装置、相关工艺助剂。所述的撬装式紧凑型多功能药剂注入装置包括药剂进料泵、药剂储罐、药剂加注装置。所述的药剂进料泵进口采用快速接头,方便连接来料管线,出口分别与药剂储罐入口管线连接;所述的药剂储罐采用方型结构,利用隔板将其分隔成多个独立的存储空间,不同的存储空间根据不同药剂的理化性质,进行材质选型或采用内衬或喷涂等处理工艺使其达到存储药剂的要求;所述的药剂加注装置根据药剂种类数量可以采用单头泵、双头泵或多头泵作为药剂加注泵,所述的药剂加注泵采用高精度的计量泵,计量泵出口管线上设有标定柱,通过标定柱对药剂注入量的进行精准检验。流所述相关工艺药剂剂主要包括水溶性破乳剂、消泡剂、清水剂、反向破乳剂、油溶性破乳剂、降粘剂、降凝剂等。所述的相关工艺助剂的注入点一般设置在各个装置的入口管线上,水溶性 破乳剂的注入点设置位置包括断塞流捕集器、分离器、电脱水器、电脱盐器的入口管线上,消泡剂、清水剂的注入点位置设置在分离器的入口管线上,反向破乳剂的注入点位置设置在电脱水器、电脱盐器的入口管线上,油性破乳剂的注入点位置设置在电脱盐器的入口管线上,降粘剂、降凝剂的注入点位置设置在校验体积管撬的外输管线上。The supporting process aid system includes a skid-mounted compact multi-functional agent injection device and related process aids. The skid-mounted compact multifunctional medicament injection device includes a medicament feed pump, a medicament storage tank, and a medicament filling device. The inlet of the pharmaceutical feed pump adopts a quick connector to facilitate the connection of the incoming pipeline, and the outlet is respectively connected to the entrance pipeline of the pharmaceutical storage tank; the pharmaceutical storage tank adopts a square structure and is divided into multiple independent ones by using partitions. Storage space. According to the physical and chemical properties of different medicines, different storage spaces are made of materials or treated with lining or spraying to meet the requirements for storing medicines; the medicine filling device can use a single head according to the type and quantity of medicines. Pump, double-head pump or multi-head pump is used as a medicine filling pump. The medicine filling pump adopts a high-precision metering pump. There is a calibration column on the outlet pipeline of the metering pump, and the medicine injection amount is accurately tested through the calibration column. The relevant process chemicals mentioned in the flow mainly include water-soluble demulsifiers, defoaming agents, water purifiers, reverse demulsifiers, oil-soluble demulsifiers, viscosity reducers, pour point demulsifiers, etc. The injection points of the relevant process aids are generally set on the inlet pipelines of each device. The injection points of the water-soluble demulsifier include the inlet pipelines of plug flow traps, separators, electric dehydrators, and electric desalters. On the above, the injection point of defoaming agent and water purifier is set on the inlet pipeline of the separator, the injection point of reverse demulsifier is set on the inlet pipeline of electric dehydrator and electric desalter, and the injection point of oily demulsifier is It is set on the inlet pipeline of the electric desalter, and the injection point position of the viscosity reducer and pour point depressant is set on the external pipeline of the calibration volume pipe skid.
采用以上技术方案,本发明具有以下优点:Adopting the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明设计的原油脱水脱盐处理工艺段,针对不同的油田或不同油区采出的轻质原油、中质原油和重质原油,都能保证合格的脱水脱盐效果,尤其在面对油田对低温情况下的油水分离,依然能够达到很好脱水、脱盐指标,实现原油的合格输送。1. The crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section designed by the present invention can ensure qualified dehydration and desalination effects for light crude oil, medium crude oil and heavy crude oil produced in different oil fields or different oil areas, especially when facing oil fields. For oil-water separation at low temperatures, it can still achieve good dehydration and desalination indicators and achieve qualified transportation of crude oil.
2、本发明设计的含油污水处理及循环利用工艺段,充分利用了油田采出液中的大量含油废水,经过污水处理工艺流程,将其实现含油污水除油净化和除盐,处理后的污水即为低含盐淡水,能够满足电脱盐工艺注入新鲜水的水质要求,在电脱系统内实现了水资源的循环使用,解决了在一些中东、非洲等沙漠油田缺少淡水电脱注水低含盐水的问题,减轻了油田污水处理的压力;同时回收了部分油气和原油资源。2. The oily sewage treatment and recycling process section designed by the present invention makes full use of the large amount of oily wastewater in the oil field produced liquid. After the sewage treatment process, the oily sewage is deoiled, purified and desalted. The treated sewage is That is, low-salt fresh water, which can meet the water quality requirements of fresh water injected in the electric desalination process. The recycling of water resources is realized in the electric desalination system, which solves the problem of the lack of fresh water and low salt water for electric desalination injection in some desert oil fields in the Middle East and Africa. problems, reducing the pressure on oilfield sewage treatment; at the same time recovering some oil, gas and crude oil resources.
3、本发明设计的油气回收流程,以收集的油气资源作为热源加热炉的原料。由于油田采出液的油气比例不同,其利用的形式和效果也存在一定的差异,但总的效果是使油田采出液中的分离的油气资源得到了充分的利用,避免了直接火炬燃烧的浪费。3. The oil and gas recovery process designed by the present invention uses the collected oil and gas resources as raw materials for the heat source heating furnace. Due to the different proportions of oil and gas in the oil field produced fluid, there are certain differences in the form and effect of its utilization. However, the overall effect is to fully utilize the separated oil and gas resources in the oil field produced fluid and avoid direct flare combustion. waste.
4、本发明设计的油品集输工艺段不仅实现了合格油品的精密输送,同时针对不合格油品作出了合理的工艺流程处理,避免了不合格油品的输送。4. The oil product gathering and transportation process section designed by the present invention not only realizes the precise transportation of qualified oil products, but also makes reasonable process flow processing for unqualified oil products to avoid the transportation of unqualified oil products.
5、本发明设计的撬装式多功能紧凑型药剂注入系统实现了一撬多能,使得原先遍布不同区域的药剂加注装置集中成一个撬装设备,大大方便了药剂的现场管理,减少了人力资源成本,同时任能保证各种药剂的精准加注。5. The skid-mounted multi-functional compact pharmaceutical injection system designed by the present invention realizes the multi-functionality of one skid, so that the pharmaceutical filling devices originally distributed in different areas are concentrated into one skid-mounted equipment, which greatly facilitates the on-site management of pharmaceuticals and reduces the cost of It reduces human resource costs and at the same time ensures accurate filling of various chemicals.
6、本发明设计的工艺流程包可根据油田采出液的不同性质和客户的需求,进行工艺流程的优化组合,对工艺包中的部分设备或装置进行合理的优化,达到最佳的工艺流程。6. The process flow package designed by the present invention can optimize the combination of process flows according to the different properties of oil field produced fluids and customer needs, and reasonably optimize some equipment or devices in the process package to achieve the best process flow. .
因此,本发明可以广泛应用于陆地、缺水沙漠和非洲等油田的原油开采处理、集输工艺流程。Therefore, the present invention can be widely used in crude oil extraction, processing, gathering and transportation processes on land, in water-deficient deserts, and in oil fields in Africa.
图1是一种油田原油脱水脱盐集输工艺包的流程示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an oilfield crude oil dehydration, desalination, gathering and transportation process package;
图2是撬装式紧凑型多功能药剂注入系统的分布视图;Figure 2 is a distribution view of the skid-mounted compact multifunctional chemical injection system;
图3是撬装式紧凑型多功能药剂注入系统的单仓室流程图;Figure 3 is a single-chamber flow chart of the skid-mounted compact multifunctional chemical injection system;
图中;1、原油管线,2、断塞流捕集器,3、一级分离器,4、二级分离器,5、电脱水器,6、电脱盐器,7、原油稳定塔,8、合格油罐,9、不合格油罐,10、含油污水处理装置,11、增压泵,12、超滤系统,13、反渗透系统,14、储水管,15、注水泵,16、计量撬,17、体积管,18、原油外输管,19、换热器,20、水冲洗泵,21、原油泵,22、原油外输泵,23、加热炉,30、紧凑型多品种药剂注入系统,301、水溶性破乳剂,302、消泡剂,303、清水剂,304、降凝剂,305、降粘剂,306、油溶性破乳剂,307、反向破乳剂。In the picture; 1. Crude oil pipeline, 2. Plug flow trap, 3. Primary separator, 4. Secondary separator, 5. Electric dehydrator, 6. Electric desalter, 7. Crude oil stabilization tower, 8 , Qualified oil tank, 9. Unqualified oil tank, 10. Oily sewage treatment device, 11. Booster pump, 12. Ultrafiltration system, 13. Reverse osmosis system, 14. Water storage pipe, 15. Water injection pump, 16. Measurement Skid, 17. Volume pipe, 18. Crude oil export pipe, 19. Heat exchanger, 20. Water flushing pump, 21. Crude oil pump, 22. Crude oil export pump, 23. Heating furnace, 30. Compact multi-variety chemicals Injection system, 301, water-soluble demulsifier, 302, defoaming agent, 303, water purifier, 304, pour point depressant, 305, viscosity reducer, 306, oil-soluble demulsifier, 307, reverse demulsifier.
为了加深对本发明的理解,下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详述,该实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and drawings. The embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.
原油管线1,断塞流捕集器2,一级分离器3,二级分离器4,电脱水器5,电脱盐器6,原油稳定塔7,合格油罐8,不合格油罐9,含油污水处理装置10, 增压泵11,超滤系统12,反渗透系统13,储水管14,注水泵15,计量撬16,体积管17,原油外输管18,换热器19,水冲洗泵20,原油泵21,原油外输泵22,紧凑型多品种药剂注入系统30,水溶性破乳剂301,消泡剂302,清水剂303,降凝剂304,降粘剂305,油溶性破乳剂306,反向破乳剂307。 Crude oil pipeline 1, plug flow collector 2, primary separator 3, secondary separator 4, electric dehydrator 5, electric desalter 6, crude oil stabilization tower 7, qualified oil tank 8, unqualified oil tank 9, Oily sewage treatment device 10, booster pump 11, ultrafiltration system 12, reverse osmosis system 13, water storage pipe 14, water injection pump 15, metering skid 16, volume pipe 17, crude oil export pipe 18, heat exchanger 19, water flushing Pump 20, crude oil pump 21, crude oil export pump 22, compact multi-variety agent injection system 30, water-soluble demulsifier 301, defoaming agent 302, water purifier 303, pour point depressant 304, viscosity reducer 305, oil-soluble demulsifier Emulsion 306, reverse demulsifier 307.
实施示例一Implementation example one
对本发明进行实施示例的说明,采油钻井采出的采出液通过管道输送到联合站的采出液汇管,采出液主要成分为油水乳化液,含油少量的油气,其中油水乳化液的水含量达到70-80%。采出液通过原油管线1连接到断塞流捕集器2的入口管线,经过断塞流捕集器2的稳压后,采出液平稳的输出至换热器18,经换热器18升温至60-70℃后进入一级分离器3,实现三相分离,油气汇集到一级分离器3顶部的集气包内,通过气压控制调节阀的自动调节开关将油气排放,油气回收作为燃气加热炉23的原料,经过一级分离器3分离出的乳化液含水量约5%-10%,进入二级分离器4再次进行三相分离,二级分离器4中的油气再次回收后利用,分离后的乳化液的含水量达到了分离器出口原油的技术指标要求,含水量≯2%,二级分离器4出油管线通过增压泵11作用,将含水量小于2%的原油通过增压泵11进入电脱水器5,受油田采出液油气含量的影响,燃气加热炉23的热源只能勉强将采出液升温至60-70℃,电脱水器5的设计采用了低温电脱水的技术,罐内采用了水平极板的电场结构,电源采用了智能响应控制电源,同时在油水界面处设置一个高频的电场机构,通过罐内的合理电场设计和布置,电脱水器5出口的原油含水达到了<0.2%的指标要求。同时由于采出液的盐含量<50mgNaCl/L,采出液经电脱水器5处理后,自其出油管线流经换热器19,再次升温,使其达到电脱盐器6的设计操作温度,电脱盐器6采用交直流或智能响应控制电源,罐内电场结构采用垂直极板;电脱盐器6设 有水冲洗泵20,够利用自身的排水进行水冲洗流程工作,同时还对分离器和电脱水器5进行水冲洗流程,电脱盐器6出油管线与原油稳定塔7的进口管线相连,原油稳定塔7根据油田原油的性质不同,采用负压分离法,经原油稳定塔7分离后的原油的原油含水≯0.2%,原油盐含量≯3mgNaCl/L,直接输送至外输合格油罐8,未达标的原油进入不合格油罐9中,通过一定时间的存储,合格油罐8中的原油达到外输原油的储备量后,通过原油外输泵22将合格原油输送至计量撬16和体积管117校验装置,从而实现原油的精准外输。To illustrate the implementation examples of the present invention, the production fluid produced by oil production drilling is transported to the production fluid manifold of the joint station through pipelines. The main component of the production fluid is oil-water emulsion, containing a small amount of oil and gas, in which the water in the oil-water emulsion The content reaches 70-80%. The produced liquid is connected to the inlet pipeline of the plug flow collector 2 through the crude oil pipeline 1. After being stabilized by the plug flow collector 2, the produced liquid is smoothly output to the heat exchanger 18, and passes through the heat exchanger 18 After the temperature rises to 60-70°C, it enters the first-level separator 3 to achieve three-phase separation. The oil and gas are collected into the gas collection bag at the top of the first-level separator 3. The oil and gas are discharged through the automatic adjustment switch of the air pressure control valve. The oil and gas are recovered as The raw material of the gas heating furnace 23, the emulsion water content separated by the primary separator 3 is about 5%-10%, enters the secondary separator 4 for three-phase separation again, and the oil and gas in the secondary separator 4 are recovered again Utilize, the water content of the separated emulsion meets the technical index requirements of the crude oil at the outlet of the separator, and the water content is ≯ 2%. The oil outlet pipeline of the secondary separator 4 uses the booster pump 11 to remove the crude oil with a water content less than 2%. It enters the electric dehydrator 5 through the booster pump 11. Due to the influence of the oil and gas content of the oil field produced liquid, the heat source of the gas heating furnace 23 can barely heat the produced liquid to 60-70°C. The design of the electric dehydrator 5 adopts a low temperature The technology of electric dehydration uses a horizontal plate electric field structure in the tank, and the power supply adopts an intelligent response control power supply. At the same time, a high-frequency electric field mechanism is set up at the oil-water interface. Through reasonable electric field design and layout in the tank, the electric dehydrator 5. The water content of exported crude oil reaches the target requirement of <0.2%. At the same time, since the salt content of the produced liquid is <50 mgNaCl/L, after the produced liquid is treated by the electric dehydrator 5, it flows from the oil flow line through the heat exchanger 19 and is heated again to reach the design operating temperature of the electric desalter 6 , the electric desalter 6 uses AC or DC or intelligent response control power supply, and the electric field structure in the tank adopts vertical plates; the electric desalter 6 is equipped with a water flushing pump 20, which can use its own drainage to carry out the water flushing process, and at the same time, it also controls the separator. The water flushing process is carried out with the electric dehydrator 5. The oil outlet pipeline of the electric desalter 6 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the crude oil stabilizing tower 7. The crude oil stabilizing tower 7 adopts the negative pressure separation method according to the different properties of the crude oil in the oil field and separates through the crude oil stabilizing tower 7. The crude oil water content of the final crude oil is ≯0.2%, and the crude oil salt content is ≯3mgNaCl/L. It is directly transported to the export qualified oil tank 8. The crude oil that does not meet the standard enters the unqualified oil tank 9. After being stored for a certain period of time, the qualified oil tank 8 After the crude oil in the oil reaches the reserve amount of crude oil for export, the qualified crude oil is transported to the metering skid 16 and the volume pipe 117 calibration device through the crude oil export pump 22, thereby realizing accurate crude oil export.
分离器、电脱水器5、电脱盐器6和不合格油罐9分离出的含油污水,通过罐体内部设置的界面仪连锁控制污水调节阀的开度,实现油水界面的稳定。排出的污水通过污水管线汇总到含油污水处理装置,经过含油污水处理装置10的油水分离,产生的少量油气经含油污水处理装置10顶部的集气包聚集,作为原料通过油气管线排放至燃气加热炉23。分离出的油相作为不合格油,通过出油管线排放到不合格油罐9。含油污水处理装置10分离出的水相达到的设计指标,水中含油量≯150ppm,通过增压泵11后进入水净化脱盐处理系统,通过水净化脱盐处理系统中的超滤系统12和反渗透系统13将水进行净化,完成净化的水进入储水罐14中,储水罐14中的的水对超滤系统12和反渗透系统13的反复冲洗,还对电脱盐器6进行注水。The oily sewage separated by the separator, electric dehydrator 5, electric desalter 6 and unqualified oil tank 9 controls the opening of the sewage regulating valve through the interface instrument installed inside the tank to achieve the stability of the oil-water interface. The discharged sewage is collected through the sewage pipeline to the oily sewage treatment device. After the oil and water are separated by the oily sewage treatment device 10, a small amount of oil and gas generated is collected through the gas collection bag on the top of the oily sewage treatment device 10, and is discharged to the gas heating furnace as raw material through the oil and gas pipeline. twenty three. The separated oil phase is used as unqualified oil and is discharged to the unqualified oil tank 9 through the oil outlet pipeline. The water phase separated by the oily sewage treatment device 10 reaches the design index, and the oil content in the water is ≯ 150 ppm. After passing through the booster pump 11, it enters the water purification and desalination treatment system, and passes through the ultrafiltration system 12 and reverse osmosis system in the water purification and desalination treatment system. 13. The water is purified, and the purified water enters the water storage tank 14. The water in the water storage tank 14 repeatedly flushes the ultrafiltration system 12 and the reverse osmosis system 13, and also injects water into the electric desalination device 6.
实施示例二Implementation example two
对本发明进行实施示例的说明,联合站附近的采油钻井采出的采出液通过管道输送到联合站的采出液汇管,采出液主要成分为油水乳化液,含油少量的油气,其中油水乳化液的水含量达到70-80%。采出液通过原油管线1连接到断塞流捕集器2的入口管线,经过断塞流捕集器2的稳压后,采出液平稳的输出至换热器18,经换热器18升温至60-70℃后进入一级分离器3,实现三相分离, 油气汇集到一级分离器3顶部的集气包内,通过气压控制调节阀的自动调节开关将油气排放,油气回收作为燃气加热炉23的原料,经过一级分离器3分离出的乳化液含水量约5%-10%,进入二级分离器4再次进行三相分离,二级分离器4中的油气再次回收后利用,分离后的乳化液的含水量达到了分离器出口原油的技术指标要求,含水量≯2%,二级分离器4出油管线通过增压泵11作用,将含水量小于2%的原油通过增压泵11进入电脱水器5,受油田采出液油气含量的影响,燃气加热炉23的热源只能勉强将采出液升温至60-70℃,电脱水器5的设计采用了低温电脱水的技术,罐内采用了水平极板的电场结构,电源采用了智能响应控制电源,同时在油水界面处设置一个高频的电场机构,通过罐内的合理电场设计和布置,电脱水器5出口的原油含水达到了<0.2%的指标要求。同时由于采出液的盐含量<50mgNaCl/L,该工艺包在设计过程中删减电脱盐器6工艺,直接输送至外输合格油罐8。通过一定时间的存储,达到外输原油的储备量后,通过原油外输泵22将合格原油输送至计量撬16和体积管117校验装置,从而实现原油的精准外输。To illustrate the implementation examples of the present invention, the produced liquid produced by oil production drilling near the joint station is transported to the produced liquid manifold of the joint station through pipelines. The main component of the produced liquid is oil-water emulsion, containing a small amount of oil and gas, in which oil and water The water content of the emulsion reaches 70-80%. The produced liquid is connected to the inlet pipeline of the plug flow collector 2 through the crude oil pipeline 1. After being stabilized by the plug flow collector 2, the produced liquid is smoothly output to the heat exchanger 18, and passes through the heat exchanger 18 After the temperature rises to 60-70°C, it enters the primary separator 3 to achieve three-phase separation. The oil and gas are collected into the gas collection bag at the top of the primary separator 3. The oil and gas are discharged through the automatic adjustment switch of the air pressure control valve. The oil and gas are recovered as The raw material of the gas heating furnace 23, the emulsion water content separated by the primary separator 3 is about 5%-10%, enters the secondary separator 4 for three-phase separation again, and the oil and gas in the secondary separator 4 are recovered again Utilize, the water content of the separated emulsion meets the technical index requirements of the crude oil at the outlet of the separator, and the water content is ≯ 2%. The oil outlet pipeline of the secondary separator 4 uses the booster pump 11 to remove the crude oil with a water content less than 2%. It enters the electric dehydrator 5 through the booster pump 11. Due to the influence of the oil and gas content of the oil field produced liquid, the heat source of the gas heating furnace 23 can barely heat the produced liquid to 60-70°C. The design of the electric dehydrator 5 adopts a low temperature The technology of electric dehydration uses a horizontal plate electric field structure in the tank, and the power supply adopts an intelligent response control power supply. At the same time, a high-frequency electric field mechanism is set up at the oil-water interface. Through reasonable electric field design and layout in the tank, the electric dehydrator 5. The water content of exported crude oil reaches the target requirement of <0.2%. At the same time, since the salt content of the produced fluid is less than 50 mgNaCl/L, the electric desalter 6 process is omitted from the design process of this process package and is directly transported to the external qualified oil tank 8. After a certain period of storage, when the reserve amount of crude oil for export is reached, the qualified crude oil is transported to the metering skid 16 and the volume pipe 117 calibration device through the crude oil export pump 22, thereby realizing accurate crude oil export.
分离器、电脱水器5和电脱盐器6分离出的含油污水,通过罐体内部设置的界面仪连锁控制污水调节阀的开度,实现油水界面的稳定。排出的污水通过污水管线汇总到含油污水处理装置,经过含油污水处理装置10的油水分离,产生的少量油气经含油污水处理装置10顶部的集气包聚集,作为原料通过油气管线排放至燃气加热炉23。分离出的油相作为不合格油,通过出油管线排放到不合格油罐9。含油污水处理装置10分离出的水相达到的设计指标,水中含油量≯150ppm,可直接通过污水管线排放至油田污水处理单元。The oily sewage separated by the separator, the electric dehydrator 5 and the electric desalter 6 controls the opening of the sewage regulating valve through the interface instrument installed inside the tank to achieve the stability of the oil-water interface. The discharged sewage is collected through the sewage pipeline to the oily sewage treatment device. After the oil and water are separated by the oily sewage treatment device 10, a small amount of oil and gas generated is collected through the gas collection bag on the top of the oily sewage treatment device 10, and is discharged to the gas heating furnace as raw material through the oil and gas pipeline. twenty three. The separated oil phase is used as unqualified oil and is discharged to the unqualified oil tank 9 through the oil outlet pipeline. The water phase separated by the oily sewage treatment device 10 reaches the design index, and the oil content in the water is ≯ 150 ppm, and can be directly discharged to the oil field sewage treatment unit through the sewage pipeline.
该工艺包由于未设计电脱盐器工艺流程,未涉及到电脱注水(工业用水),其污水处理工艺段也响应进行了适当的优化,精简了超滤系统和反渗透系统。Since this process package does not design an electric desalter process and does not involve electric desalination water injection (industrial water), the sewage treatment process section has also been appropriately optimized and the ultrafiltration system and reverse osmosis system have been streamlined.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection.
Claims (8)
- 一种油田原油脱水脱盐集输工艺包,其特征在于,包括主工艺设备流程和配套工艺助剂系统,所述的主工艺设备流程中的各工艺段均通过配套工艺助剂系统加注相应的助剂,主工艺设备流程包括原油脱水脱盐处理工艺段、含油污水处理及循环工艺段和脱水脱盐后集输工艺段,所述的原油脱水脱盐处理工艺段包括断塞流捕集器、分离器、电脱水器、电脱盐器和原油稳定塔,所述的脱水脱盐后集输工艺段包括合格油罐、不合格油罐、原油外输泵和计量系统,所述的含油污水处理及循环工艺端段包括含油污水处理装置、增压泵、水净化脱盐处理系统、储水罐和注水泵。An oilfield crude oil dehydration, desalination, gathering and transportation process package, which is characterized in that it includes a main process equipment flow and a supporting process aid system. Each process section in the main process equipment flow is filled with the corresponding process aid system. Auxiliary, the main process equipment flow includes a crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section, an oily sewage treatment and circulation process section, and a dehydration and desalination post-gathering and transportation process section. The crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section includes a plug flow collector and a separator. , electric dehydrator, electric desalter and crude oil stabilization tower. The described gathering and transportation process section after dehydration and desalination includes qualified oil tanks, unqualified oil tanks, crude oil export pumps and metering systems. The described oily sewage treatment and circulation process The end section includes oily sewage treatment equipment, booster pumps, water purification and desalination treatment systems, water storage tanks and water injection pumps.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种油田原油脱水脱盐集输工艺包,其特征在于,所述的断塞流捕集器的入口端与原油管道相连,断塞流捕集器的出口端与分离器相连,所述的分离器包括一级分离器和二级分离器,所述的一级分离器的入口端与断塞流捕集器相连,一级分离器的出口端与二级分离器相连,所述的二级分离器的入口端与一级分离器相连,二级分离器的出口端通过增压泵与电脱水器相连,所述的一级分离器和二级分离器均设有出气端和出水端,所述的电脱水器为水平极板电脱水器,电脱水器的入口端与二级分离器相连,电脱水器的出口端通过换热器与电脱盐器相连,电脱水器设有出水端,所述的电脱盐器为垂直极板电脱水器,电脱盐器的入口端与电脱水器相连,电脱盐器的出口端与原油稳定塔相连,电脱盐器设有循环冲洗端和出水端,所述的原油稳定塔的入口端与电脱盐器相连,原油稳定塔的出口端与原油泵相连,原油稳定塔设有出气端,所述的出气端设在顶部,出气端与燃气加热炉相连,所述的出水端设在底部,出水端与含油污水处理装置相连,所述的循环冲洗端通过水冲洗泵分别与一级分离器、二级分离器、电脱水器和电脱盐器相连。An oilfield crude oil dehydration, desalination, gathering and transportation process package according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet end of the plug flow collector is connected to the crude oil pipeline, and the outlet end of the plug flow collector is connected to the separation The separator includes a primary separator and a secondary separator. The inlet end of the primary separator is connected to the plug flow collector, and the outlet end of the primary separator is connected to the secondary separator. connected, the inlet end of the secondary separator is connected to the primary separator, and the outlet end of the secondary separator is connected to the electric dehydrator through a booster pump. Both the primary separator and the secondary separator are equipped with There is an air outlet end and a water outlet end. The electric dehydrator is a horizontal plate electric dehydrator. The inlet end of the electric dehydrator is connected to the secondary separator. The outlet end of the electric dehydrator is connected to the electric desalination device through a heat exchanger. The electric dehydrator is provided with a water outlet. The electric desalter is a vertical plate electric dehydrator. The inlet end of the electric desalter is connected to the electric dehydrator. The outlet end of the electric desalter is connected to the crude oil stabilizing tower. The electric desalter is equipped with a water outlet end. There is a circulation flushing end and a water outlet end. The inlet end of the crude oil stabilizing tower is connected to the electric desalter. The outlet end of the crude oil stabilizing tower is connected to the crude oil pump. The crude oil stabilizing tower is equipped with a gas outlet, and the gas outlet is located at the top. , the gas outlet end is connected to the gas heating furnace, the water outlet end is located at the bottom, the water outlet end is connected to the oily sewage treatment device, the circulation flushing end is connected to the primary separator, the secondary separator, and the electric separator respectively through the water flushing pump. The dehydrator is connected to the electric desalinator.
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种油田原油脱水脱盐集输工艺包,其特征在 于,所述的原油泵分别与合格油罐和不合格油罐相连,所述的合格油罐的入口端与原油泵相连,合格油罐的出口端通过原油外输泵与计量系统相连,所述的不合格油罐的入口端与原油泵相连,不合格油罐的出口端与原油管线相连,所述的计量系统包括计量撬、体积管撬和控制系统,所述的计量撬的入口端与原油外输泵相连,计量撬的出口端与体积管撬相连,所述的体积管撬的出口端与原油外输管线相连,所述的不合格油罐设有出水端,所述的出水端与含油污水处理装置相连。An oil field crude oil dehydration, desalination and gathering and transportation process package according to claim 2, characterized in that the crude oil pump is connected to the qualified oil tank and the unqualified oil tank respectively, and the inlet end of the qualified oil tank is connected to the original oil tank. The oil pump is connected, the outlet end of the qualified oil tank is connected to the metering system through the crude oil export pump, the inlet end of the unqualified oil tank is connected to the crude oil pump, the outlet end of the unqualified oil tank is connected to the crude oil pipeline, and the metering The system includes a metering skid, a volume pipe skid and a control system. The inlet end of the metering skid is connected to the crude oil export pump. The outlet end of the metering skid is connected to the volume pipe skid. The outlet end of the volume pipe skid is connected to the crude oil pump. The pipeline is connected, and the unqualified oil tank is provided with a water outlet, and the water outlet is connected to the oily sewage treatment device.
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种油田原油脱水脱盐集输工艺包,其特征在于,所述的含油污水处理装置的入口端与一级分离器、二级分离器、电脱水器和电脱盐器的出水端相连,含油污水处理装置的出口端与不合格油罐相连,含油污水处理装置的出水端通过增压泵与超滤系统相连,含油污水处理装置的出气端与燃气加热炉相连,所述的超滤系统的入口端与含油污水处理装置相连,超滤系统的出口端与反渗透系统相连,所述的反渗透系统的入口端与超滤系统相连,反渗透系统的出口端与注水泵相连,所述的超滤系统和反渗透系统均设有回流端,所述的注水泵的出口端与超滤系统和反渗透系统的回流端相连,注水泵的出口端与电脱水器和电脱盐器之间的换热器后部相连,所述的注水泵与原油脱水脱盐处理工艺段之间设有换热器。An oil field crude oil dehydration and desalination gathering and transportation process package according to claim 3, characterized in that the inlet end of the oily sewage treatment device is connected with a primary separator, a secondary separator, an electric dehydrator and an electric desalter The outlet end of the oily sewage treatment device is connected to the unqualified oil tank. The outlet end of the oily sewage treatment device is connected to the ultrafiltration system through a booster pump. The outlet end of the oily sewage treatment device is connected to the gas heating furnace. The inlet end of the ultrafiltration system is connected to the oily sewage treatment device, the outlet end of the ultrafiltration system is connected to the reverse osmosis system, the inlet end of the reverse osmosis system is connected to the ultrafiltration system, and the outlet end of the reverse osmosis system is connected to the injection The water pump is connected, the ultrafiltration system and the reverse osmosis system are both equipped with a return end, the outlet end of the water injection pump is connected to the return end of the ultrafiltration system and the reverse osmosis system, the outlet end of the water injection pump is connected to the electric dehydrator and The heat exchangers between the electric desalters are connected at the rear, and a heat exchanger is provided between the water injection pump and the crude oil dehydration and desalting treatment process section.
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种油田原油脱水脱盐集输工艺包,其特征在于,所述的配套工艺助剂系统包括撬装式紧凑型多功能药剂注入装置和工艺助剂,所述的撬装式紧凑型多功能药剂注入装置内设有若干数量的工艺助剂,撬装式紧凑型多功能药剂注入装置分别与断塞流捕集器的入口端、断塞流捕集器的出口端、一级分离器的出口端、二级分离器的出口端、电脱水器的出口端、体积管撬的出口端和含油污水处理装置的入口端相连。An oil field crude oil dehydration, desalination, gathering and transportation process package according to claim 4, characterized in that the supporting process aid system includes a skid-mounted compact multi-functional chemical injection device and process aids, and the skid The mounted compact multifunctional chemical injection device is equipped with a certain number of process aids. The skid-mounted compact multifunctional chemical injection device is connected to the inlet end of the plug flow collector and the outlet end of the plug flow collector respectively. , the outlet end of the primary separator, the outlet end of the secondary separator, the outlet end of the electric dehydrator, the outlet end of the volume tube skid and the inlet end of the oily sewage treatment device are connected.
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种油田原油脱水脱盐集输工艺包,其特征在于,所述的燃气加热炉与原油脱水脱盐处理工艺段和含油污水处理及循环工艺段中的换热器相连。An oil field crude oil dehydration and desalination gathering and transportation process package according to claim 2, characterized in that the gas heating furnace is connected to the heat exchanger in the crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment process section and the oily sewage treatment and circulation process section.
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种油田原油脱水脱盐集输工艺包,其特征在于,所述的断塞流捕集器、分离器、电脱水器、电脱盐器、原油稳定塔、合格油罐、不合格油罐、原油外输泵、计量系统、含油污水处理装置、增压泵、水净化脱盐处理系统、储水罐和注水泵的外侧管路上均设有独立电磁阀。An oil field crude oil dehydration and desalination gathering and transportation process package according to claim 5, characterized in that the plug flow collector, separator, electric dehydrator, electric desalter, crude oil stabilization tower, qualified oil tank , unqualified oil tanks, crude oil export pumps, metering systems, oily sewage treatment devices, booster pumps, water purification and desalination treatment systems, water storage tanks and water injection pumps are all equipped with independent solenoid valves on the outer pipelines.
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种油田原油脱水脱盐集输工艺包,其特征在于,所述的工艺助剂包括水溶性破乳剂、消泡剂、清水剂、降凝剂、降粘剂、油溶性破乳剂和反向破乳剂。An oil field crude oil dehydration, desalination, gathering and transportation process package according to claim 5, characterized in that the process aids include water-soluble demulsifiers, defoaming agents, water purifiers, pour point depressants, viscosity reducers, oil Soluble demulsifiers and reverse demulsifiers.
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