WO2023240375A1 - 可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器 - Google Patents

可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023240375A1
WO2023240375A1 PCT/CN2022/000151 CN2022000151W WO2023240375A1 WO 2023240375 A1 WO2023240375 A1 WO 2023240375A1 CN 2022000151 W CN2022000151 W CN 2022000151W WO 2023240375 A1 WO2023240375 A1 WO 2023240375A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roller
light
encoder
cavity
bracket
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PCT/CN2022/000151
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈爱华
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广东瑞讯电子科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023240375A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023240375A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an encoder device, and in particular to an encoder that can switch the rotational freedom of a roller.
  • a computer mouse wheel may be used to translate a viewing window over an image or document displayed by the computer device in response to rotating the wheel about an axis.
  • Existing mouse scroll wheels can selectively operate between a free-wheel mode and a ratchet mode, each of which corresponds to a corresponding friction distribution.
  • Patent No. 201910560647.2 titled “Electromagnetic Pattern Change of Peripheral Interface Wheel” discloses a user device capable of more efficiently switching between one or more friction distributions.
  • the mechanism uses electromagnetic changes to change the pair of electromagnetic permanent magnet assemblies.
  • the resistance exerted by the wheel changes, but the device needs to use two sets of electro-permanent magnet assemblies, which causes the overall space of the device to become larger and increases the cost;
  • Patent No. 201611084288.0 titled “Roller Assembly and Related Input Devices” discloses a You can choose different modes of roller components. This component adjusts the distance between the magnet and the roller by making the magnet rotate with the rotation of the lever. However, the lever will also increase the overall space of the device, and long-term use of the lever will easily cause wear and affect the roller. Component life. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of existing rollers, this application proposes an original encoder with switchable roller degrees of freedom.
  • the present invention aims to provide an encoder that fully utilizes the overall space and uses a stable switchable roller rotation degree of freedom.
  • an encoder with switchable roller rotational freedom including a base frame, an inner cavity roller with a rotating shaft and an inner ring wall, and a signal generating assembly.
  • the roller is installed on the base frame through the rotating shaft. can rotate freely, and also includes an electromagnetic switching component fixed by a bracket.
  • the bracket is fixed on the seat frame, and the electromagnetic switching component is supported by the bracket to the inner cavity of the roller.
  • the electromagnetic switching component can realize switching of the direction of the power supply current. Switching the roller damping, thereby changing the degree of freedom of the roller rotation.
  • the electromagnetic switching component includes a coil, a memory magnet, and a damping clamp equipped with a permanent magnet, wherein,
  • the memory magnet determines the magnetic pole according to the magnetic pole generated by the coil when the coil is energized, and maintains the magnetic pole after the coil is deenergized;
  • the damping clamp Under the magnetic force of the memory magnet and the permanent magnet, the damping clamp can be pushed against the inner ring wall of the roller or pushed away from the inner ring wall of the roller.
  • the electromagnetic switching assembly further includes a structural frame, the memory magnet is a hollow columnar body, the damping clamp is slidably built into the hollow cavity of the memory magnet, and the memory magnet is embedded in the hollow cavity of the memory magnet.
  • the coil is wound around the structural frame.
  • the damping clamping member is a long strip with a cavity in the middle, and the permanent magnet is fixedly assembled in the cavity, and the length of the permanent magnet is shorter than the length of the memory magnet.
  • the inner ring wall is configured with evenly distributed wavy or tooth-like structures, and the end of the damping clamp facing the inner ring wall of the roller is configured as a sharp protrusion matching the wavy or tooth-like structure. structure.
  • the bracket is provided with an assembly cavity, and the structural frame is pluggably embedded in the assembly cavity.
  • the bracket is also provided with at least one LED lamp bead in the cavity inside the roller.
  • the bracket has a hollow hole, and the roller shaft passes through the hollow hole during assembly.
  • the signal generating assembly includes a grating turntable installed in the cavity of the roller, a PCB board arranged on the bracket, and a light-to-tube assembly mounted on the PCB board.
  • the light-to-tube assembly is composed of a light emitting It consists of an element and a light-receiving element. The rotation of the grating turntable changes the light path formed by the light pair tube to generate a signal.
  • a side of the grating turntable facing the light tube assembly is a reflective surface, a plurality of light-transmitting holes are evenly arranged on the grating turntable, and a light-blocking structure is provided between the light-emitting element and the light-receiving element.
  • a plurality of reflective strips are evenly arranged on one side of the grating turntable facing the light-to-tube assembly, and a light-blocking structure is provided between the light-emitting element and the light-receiving element.
  • the grating turntable is made of light-blocking material, and a plurality of light-transmitting holes are arranged on the grating turntable.
  • the light-emitting element and the light-receiving element are respectively located on both sides of the grating turntable.
  • the signal generating assembly includes a magnetic turntable installed in the cavity of the roller, a PCB board arranged on the bracket, and a Hall element patched on the PCB board.
  • the magnetic turntable The rotation produces a magnetic field pulse that generates a signal via the Hall element.
  • this application uses the electromagnetic switching component to realize switching of the roller damping when the direction of the power supply current is switched, thereby changing the degree of freedom of the roller rotation.
  • the structural frame is embedded in the assembly cavity of the bracket and the damping clamp can slide
  • the degree of freedom of the roller is switched by adjusting the contact or distance between the pointed convex structure of the damping clamp and the inner ring wall of the roller.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the stent in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal generating component in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the electromagnetic switching assembly in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the light pair tube assembly in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the specific embodiment of the present invention is an encoder that can switch the rotational freedom of the roller 2, including a base frame 1, an inner cavity 23 with a rotating shaft 21 and an inner ring wall 22, the roller 2, a signal Producing assembly 3, the roller 2 is installed on the base frame 1 through the rotating shaft 21 and can rotate freely, and also includes an electromagnetic switching assembly 5 fixed by the bracket 4.
  • the bracket 4 is fixed on the base frame 1, and the electromagnetic switching assembly 5 is supported by the bracket 4.
  • the electromagnetic switching component 5 can switch the damping of the roller 2 when the direction of the power supply current is switched, thereby changing the rotational freedom of the roller 2.
  • three buttons on the left and right can be provided at the bottom of the base frame 1 .
  • the electromagnetic switching component 5 of the present application includes a coil 51, a memory magnet 52, and a damping clamp 54 equipped with a permanent magnet 53.
  • the memory magnet described in the present invention uses a magnet made of magnetic memory material. The characteristic of this magnet is that it can be magnetized by the coil and maintain the magnetic pole. Specifically, the memory magnet 52 moves according to the coil when the coil 51 is energized. The magnetic pole generated by 51 determines the magnetic pole of the memory magnet 52, and maintains the magnetic pole after the coil 51 is powered off; when the magnetic pole of the coil 51 changes after being re-energized, the magnetic pole of the memory magnet 52 changes again and remains in the coil.
  • the damping clamp 54 can be pushed to abut the inner ring wall 22 of the roller 2 or push away from the inner ring wall 22 of the roller 2 .
  • the damping clamp 54 is pushed by the magnetic force to abut the inner annular wall 22 of the roller 2.
  • the inner annular wall 22 of the roller is damped, and the rolling freedom of the roller is limited.
  • the user can feel it when turning and cannot achieve flying rotation; when the memory magnet 52 and the permanent magnet 53 are magnetically attracted, the damping clamp 54 is pushed away (away from) the inner ring wall 22 of the roller 2 under the action of magnetic force. , at this time, the inner ring wall 22 of the roller is not damped, the rolling freedom of the roller is not limited, and the user has no feel when turning, but can achieve flying rotation.
  • the electromagnetic switching assembly 5 also includes a structural frame 55.
  • the memory magnet 52 is a hollow columnar body, and the damping clamp 54 is slidably built into the hollow cavity of the memory magnet 52.
  • the memory magnet 52 is embedded in the structural frame 55, and the coil 51 is wound around the structural frame 55.
  • the coil 51 is electrically connected to the PCB board 32.
  • the damping clamp 54 of the present application is a long strip with a central structure.
  • the permanent magnet 53 is fixedly assembled in the cavity 541 , and the length of the permanent magnet 53 is shorter than the length of the memory magnet 52 .
  • the bracket 4 is provided with an assembly cavity 41.
  • the structural frame 55 is pluggably embedded in the assembly cavity 41.
  • the assembly cavity 41 is opened at the bottom of the bracket 4, and the structural frame 55 is embedded in the assembly cavity 41.
  • the assembly cavity 41 and the damping clamp 54 are slidably built into the memory magnet 52 to realize the operation of switching the degree of freedom of the roller 2 .
  • the inner ring wall 22 is configured as a uniformly distributed wave or tooth-like structure, and the end of the damping clamp 54 facing the inner ring wall 22 of the roller 2 is configured to be in line with the waves or teeth.
  • the tooth-like structure matches the pointed convex structure 542.
  • the bracket 4 When the bracket 4 is combined with the roller 2, the bracket 4 has an escape hole 42. During assembly, the rotating shaft 21 of the roller 2 passes through the escape hole 42.
  • the bottom of the bracket 4 has an arc-shaped structure to fit into the inner cavity 23 of the roller 2.
  • the bracket 4 extends outward and is provided with buckle pins to be combined with the base frame 1.
  • the base frame 1 is provided with an assembly slot that matches the buckle pins.
  • the signal generating component 3 of the present application includes a grating turntable 31 installed in the cavity 23 of the roller 2, a PCB board arranged on the bracket 4, and a light patch on the PCB board.
  • the light-to-tube assembly 33 is composed of a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element.
  • the grating turntable 31 rotates to change the optical path formed by the light-to-tube to generate a signal.
  • the grating turntable 31 is provided with a through hole in the middle, and the middle through hole of the grating turntable 31 passes through the rotating shaft 21 and is installed in the roller 2 .
  • the PCB board 32 is a flexible circuit board.
  • One end of the flexible circuit board is installed on the bracket 4, and the pins of the other end extend out of the bracket 4.
  • the bracket 4 is located in the cavity 23 of the roller 2.
  • At least one LED lamp bead 6 is also provided, and the LED lamp bead 6 is electrically connected to the flexible circuit board.
  • the side of the grating turntable 31 facing the light pair tube assembly 33 is a reflective surface.
  • a plurality of light-transmitting holes 311 are evenly arranged on the grating turntable 31, and a light blocking element is provided between the light-emitting element 331 and the light-receiving element 332.
  • Structure 333, the light-blocking structure 333 prevents light from being received at a horizontal position between the light-emitting element 331 and the light-receiving element 332, and can only be received through reflection.
  • the number of the light-receiving elements 332 is two. According to the order in which the light reaches the light-receiving elements 332, the direction of the grating turntable 31 can also be distinguished to output photoelectric signals in different directions.
  • a plurality of reflective strips can also be evenly arranged on the side of the grating turntable facing the light pair tube assembly 33.
  • the reflective strips can reflect the light emitted by the light-emitting element to the light-receiving element.
  • a plurality of reflective strips can be disposed between the light-emitting element and the light-receiving element.
  • the grating turntable can also be an annular structure made of light-blocking material.
  • the grating turntable 31 is an annular structure made of light-blocking material, a plurality of light-transmitting holes are evenly distributed on the annular structure, and the light-emitting elements and the light-receiving elements are respectively located on the grating turntable. On both sides, when the light emitted by the light-emitting element reaches the light-receiving element through the light-transmitting hole, a photoelectric signal is output.
  • the signal generation component 3 includes a magnetic turntable installed in the cavity 23 of the roller 2, a PCB board arranged on the bracket 4, and a sticker on the PCB board.
  • the Hall element of the piece is provided with a through hole in the middle of the magnetic turntable.
  • the middle through hole of the magnetic turntable passes through the rotating shaft 21 and is installed in the roller 2.
  • the rotation of the magnetic turntable generates magnetic field pulses to generate signals through the Hall element.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)

Abstract

一种可切换滚轮（2）转动自由度的编码器，具有一由支架（4）固定的电磁切换组件（5），支架（4）固定于座架（1）上，且电磁切换组件（5）由支架（4）支撑至滚轮（2）的内空腔（23），电磁切换组件（5）能够在供电电流方向切换时实现对滚轮（2）阻尼的切换，进而改变滚轮（2）转动自由度。结构架（55）嵌置于支架（4）的装配腔（41）内且阻尼卡件（54）可滑动地内置于记忆型磁体（52）内，通过调整阻尼卡件（54）的尖凸结构（542）与滚轮（2）内环壁（22）的接触或远离，切换滚轮（2）的自由度，充分利用滚轮（2）内空间，缩小产品体积，同时还有利于产品装配，通过搭配光电或磁变信号产生组件（3）输出信号，结构性能稳定，手感切换便捷方便。

Description

可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器 技术领域
本发明涉及编码器装置，具体涉及一种可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器。
背景技术
计算机鼠标滚轮可以用于响应于使滚轮围绕轴旋转而在由计算机设备显示的图像或文档上平移观察窗口。现有的鼠标滚轮可以在自由轮转模式与棘轮模式之间选择性地进行操作，上述每个模式对应于相应的摩擦力分布。
专利号201910560647.2名称为“外围接口轮的电磁模式变化”公开了一种能够在一个或更多个摩擦力分布之间更有效地切换的用户设备，该机构采用电磁变化来改变电永磁体组件对所述轮施加的阻力变化，但该设备需要采用两组电永磁体组件，导致设备的整体空间变大且增加了成本；专利号201611084288.0名称为“滚轮组件以及相关的输入设备”公开了一种能够选择不同模式的滚轮组件，该组件通过使磁体随杠杆的转动而转动来调整磁体与滚轮之间的距离，但杠杆也会增大设备的整体空间，且杠杆长期使用容易造成磨损，影响滚轮组件的使用寿命。因此，针对现有滚轮的缺陷，本申请提出了一种独创的可切换滚轮自由度的编码器。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明旨在提供一种充分利用整体空间、使用稳定的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器。
为实现该技术目的，本发明的方案是：一种可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，包括座架、具有转轴和内环壁的内空腔滚轮、信号产生组件，滚轮通过转轴安装在座架上可自由旋转，还包括一由支架固定的电磁切换组件，所述支架固定于座架上，且电磁切换组件由支架支撑至滚轮的内空腔，电磁切换组件能够在供电电流方向切换时实现对滚轮阻尼的切换，进而改变滚轮转动自由度。
作为优选，所述电磁切换组件包括有线圈、记忆型磁体、装配有永磁体的阻尼卡件，其中，
所述记忆型磁体在线圈通电时根据线圈生成的磁极而确定磁极，并在线圈断电后保持该磁极；
在记忆型磁体与永磁体的磁力作用下，阻尼卡件能够被推向抵接滚轮内环壁或推离滚轮内环壁。
作为优选，所述电磁切换组件还包括一结构架，所述记忆型磁体为中空柱状体，所述阻尼卡件可滑动的内置于记忆型磁体的中空腔体内，所述记忆型磁体嵌装在结构架内，所述线圈缠绕在结构架上。
作为优选，所述阻尼卡件为长条状体，中部构设有凹腔，所述永磁体固定装配于该凹腔内，所述永磁体的长度短于记忆型磁体的长度。
作为优选，所述内环壁构设有均匀分布的波浪或齿状结构，所述阻尼卡件朝向滚轮内环壁的端部被构设为与所述波浪或齿状结构相匹配的尖凸结构。
作为优选，所述支架上设置有装配腔，所述结构架可插拔的嵌置 于该装配腔内。
作为优选，所述支架上位于滚轮内空腔的部位还设置有至少一颗LED灯珠。
作为优选，所述支架上具有一避空穿孔，装配时滚轮转轴自该避空穿孔贯穿。
作为优选，所述信号产生组件包括有安装于滚轮内空腔内的光栅转盘，和设置在支架上的PCB板，以及PCB板上贴片的光对管组件，所述光对管组件由发光元件和受光元件构成，光栅转盘转动改变光对管形成的光路得以产生信号。
作为优选，所述光栅转盘朝向光对管组件的一侧面为反光面，该光栅转盘上均匀布设有复数个透光孔，所述发光元件和受光元件之间设置有挡光结构。
作为优选，所述光栅转盘朝向光对管组件的一侧面均匀布设有复数个反光条，所述发光元件和受光元件之间设置有挡光结构。
作为优选，所述光栅转盘为阻光材质，该光栅转盘上均布设有复数个透光孔，所述发光元件和受光元件分别位于光栅转盘的两侧。
朝向光对管组件作为优选，所述信号产生组件包括有安装于滚轮内空腔内的磁性转盘，和设置在支架上的PCB板，以及PCB板上贴片的霍尔元件，所述磁性转盘转动产生磁场脉冲经由霍尔元件产生信号。
本发明的有益效果是：本申请通过电磁切换组件在供电电流方向切换时实现对滚轮阻尼的切换，进而改变滚轮转动自由度，结构架嵌 置于支架的装配腔内且阻尼卡件可滑动地内置于记忆型磁体内，通过调整阻尼卡件的尖凸结构与滚轮内环壁的接触或远离，切换滚轮的自由度，本方案充分利用滚轮内空间，缩小产品体积，同时还有利于产品装配，通过搭配光电或磁变信号产生组件输出信号，结构性能稳定，手感切换便捷方便。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的爆炸图；
图3为本发明中的支架的结构示意图；
图4为本发明具体实施例一中的信号产生组件的结构示意图；
图5为本发明中的电磁切换组件的爆炸图；
图6为本发明具体实施例一中的光对管组件的结构示意图。
其中：1、座架；2、滚轮；21、转轴；22、内环壁；23、内空腔；3、信号产生组件；31、光栅转盘；311、透光孔；32、PCB板；33、光对管组件；331、发光元件；332、受光元件；333、挡光结构；4、支架；41、装配腔；42、避空穿孔；5、电磁切换组件；51、线圈；52、记忆型磁体；521、中空腔体；53、永磁体；54、阻尼卡件；541、凹腔；542、尖凸结构；55、结构架；6、LED灯珠。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。为了对技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，故选以下实施例进行说明；以下实施例为本发明一部分实施例；基于本申请，在没有做出创造性劳动前 提下所获取的其他实施例，均属本发明保护的范围。
在以下实施例中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”、“顶/底”等方位或位置关系均为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于清楚描述本实施例，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位，故不能理解为对本申请的限制。与此同时，实施例中的“第一”、“第二”仅用于区分描述目的，而不代表为指示或暗示相对重要性。
如图1-6所示，本发明的具体实施例为一种可切换滚轮2转动自由度的编码器，包括座架1、具有转轴21和内环壁22的内空腔23滚轮2、信号产生组件3，滚轮2通过转轴21安装在座架1上可自由旋转，还包括一由支架4固定的电磁切换组件5，支架4固定于座架1上，且电磁切换组件5由支架4支撑至滚轮2的内空腔23，电磁切换组件5能够在给其供电电流方向切换时实现对滚轮2阻尼的切换，进而改变滚轮2转动自由度。本发明所涉的编码器在实际使用过程中，可以在座架1的底部设置左右中三个按键。
本申请的电磁切换组件5包括有线圈51、记忆型磁体52、装配有永磁体53的阻尼卡件54。本发明中所述的记忆型磁体采用的是具有磁性记忆材质制成的磁体，这种磁体的特点是能够被线圈充磁并保持磁极，具体的，记忆型磁体52在线圈51通电时根据线圈51生成的磁极而确定记忆性磁体52的磁极，并在线圈51断电后保持该磁极；当线圈51的磁极在重新通电后改变时，记忆性磁体52的磁极则随之再次改变并在线圈52断电后保持该改变后的磁极；在记忆型磁体52 与永磁体53的磁力作用下，阻尼卡件54能够被推向抵接滚轮2内环壁22或推离滚轮2内环壁22。具体而言，当记忆型磁体52与永磁体53磁性相斥时，阻尼卡件54被磁力推动抵接滚轮2的内环壁22，此时滚轮内环壁22受到阻尼，滚轮滚动自由度受限，用户在拨动时有手感且不能实现飞转；当记忆型磁体52与永磁体53磁性相吸时，阻尼卡件54在磁力作用下被推离(远离)滚轮2的内环壁22，此时滚轮内环壁22没有受到阻尼，滚轮滚动自由度不受限，用户在拨动时也无手感，但可以实现飞转。
为了便于组装记忆型磁体52和阻尼卡件54，电磁切换组件5还包括一结构架55，记忆型磁体52为中空柱状体，阻尼卡件54可滑动的内置于记忆型磁体52的中空腔体521内，记忆型磁体52嵌装在结构架55内，线圈51缠绕在结构架55上，线圈51与PCB板32电连接，本申请的阻尼卡件54为长条状体，中部构设有凹腔541，永磁体53固定装配于该凹腔541内，永磁体53的长度短于记忆型磁体52的长度。通过将阻尼卡件54内置于记忆型磁体52内，减少了电磁切换组件5的占用空间，使滚轮2内能够更优化地安置信号产生组件3。为了便于组装整个电磁切换组件5，支架4上设置有装配腔41，结构架55可插拔的嵌置于该装配腔41内，装配腔41开设于支架4的底部，结构架55嵌置于该装配腔41且阻尼卡件54可滑动地内置于记忆型磁体52内，实现切换滚轮2自由度的操作。
为了制造滚轮2手感和提供更有效的阻尼，内环壁22被构设为均匀分布的波浪或齿状结构，阻尼卡件54朝向滚轮2内环壁22的端 部被构设为与波浪或齿状结构相匹配的尖凸结构542。
支架4与滚轮2结合时，支架4上具有一避空穿孔42，装配时滚轮2转轴21自该避空穿孔42贯穿，支架4的底部呈弧形结构与滚轮2内空腔23适配，支架4向外伸出设有扣接脚与座架1结合，座架1上设有与扣接脚相匹配的装配槽。
作为本申请的具体实施例一，本申请的信号产生组件3包括有安装于滚轮2内空腔23内的光栅转盘31，和设置在支架4上的PCB板，以及PCB板上贴片的光对管组件33，光对管组件33由发光元件和受光元件构成，光栅转盘31转动改变光对管形成的光路得以产生信号。光栅转盘31的中间设有通孔，光栅转盘31的中间通孔穿过转轴21安装在滚轮2内。在本申请的具体实施例中，PCB板32为柔性电路板，柔性电路板的一端安装在支架4上，另一端引脚伸出支架4外，支架4上位于滚轮2内空腔23的部位还设置有至少一颗LED灯珠6，LED灯珠6电连接于柔性电路板上。
如图三所示，光栅转盘31朝向光对管组件33的一侧面为反光面，该光栅转盘31上均匀布设有复数个透光孔311，发光元件331和受光元件332之间设置有挡光结构333，挡光结构333使发光元件331与受光元件332之间不会产生水平位置的光线接收，只能通过反射接收，当发光元件331发出的光经过光栅转盘31的反光面时，反射至受光元件332上，输出光电信号，优选地，受光元件332的数量为两个，根据光线到达受光元件332的顺序，还可以区分光栅转盘31的转向，输出不同方向的光电信号。
当然，也可以是在光栅转盘朝向光对管组件33的一侧面均匀布设有复数个反光条，反光条能够反射发光元件发出的光至受光元件，同样地，在发光元件和受光元件之间设置有挡光结构。此外，光栅转盘也可以为阻光材质的环形结构，当光栅转盘31为阻光材质的环形结构时，该环形结构上均布设有复数个透光孔，发光元件和受光元件分别位于光栅转盘的两侧，当发光元件发出的光通过透光孔到达受光元件时，输出光电信号。
作为本申请的具体实施例二(图中未示出)，信号产生组件3包括有安装于滚轮2内空腔23内的磁性转盘，和设置在支架4上的PCB板，以及PCB板上贴片的霍尔元件，磁性转盘的中间设有通孔，磁性转盘的中间通孔穿过转轴21安装在滚轮2内，磁性转盘转动产生磁场脉冲经由霍尔元件产生信号。
以上，仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何细微修改、等同替换和改进，均应包含在本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，包括编码器座架、具有转轴和内环壁的内空腔滚轮、信号产生组件，滚轮通过转轴安装在座架上可自由旋转用以触发信号产生组件产生信号输出，其特征在于，所述编码器还包括一由支架固定的电磁切换组件，所述支架固定于座架上，且电磁切换组件由支架支撑至滚轮的内空腔，电磁切换组件能够在供电电流方向变换时实现对滚轮阻尼的切换，进而改变滚轮转动自由度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其特征在于，所述电磁切换组件包括有线圈、记忆型磁体、装配有永磁体的阻尼卡件，其中，所述记忆型磁体的磁极由线圈通电时生成的磁极而确定并在线圈断电后保持；当线圈的磁极在重新通电后改变时，记忆性磁体的磁极则随之再次改变并在线圈断电后保持；在记忆型磁体与永磁体的磁力作用下，阻尼卡件能够被推向抵接滚轮内环壁或推离滚轮内环壁。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其特征在于，所述电磁切换组件还包括一结构架，所述记忆型磁体为中空柱状体，所述阻尼卡件可滑动的内置于记忆型磁体的中空腔体内，所述记忆型磁体嵌装在结构架内，所述线圈缠绕在结构架上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其特征在于，所述阻尼卡件为长条状体，中部构设有凹腔，所述永磁体固定装配于该凹腔内，所述永磁体的长度短于记忆型磁体的长度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其 特征在于，所述内环壁构设有均匀分布的波浪或齿状结构，所述阻尼卡件朝向滚轮内环壁的端部被构设为与所述波浪或齿状结构相匹配的尖凸结构。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其特征在于，所述支架上设置有装配腔，所述结构架可插拔的嵌置于该装配腔内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其特征在于，所述支架上位于滚轮内空腔的部位还设置PCB板，所述PCB板上贴片有至少一颗LED灯珠。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其特征在于，所述支架上具有一避空穿孔，装配时滚轮转轴自该避空穿孔贯穿。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其特征在于，所述信号产生组件包括有安装于滚轮内空腔内的光栅转盘，和设置在支架上的PCB板，以及PCB板上贴片的光对管组件，所述光对管组件由发光元件和受光元件构成，光栅转盘转动改变光对管形成的光路得以产生信号。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其特征在于，所述光栅转盘朝向光对管组件的一侧面为反光面，该光栅转盘上均匀布设有复数个透光孔，所述发光元件和受光元件之间设置有挡光结构。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其 特征在于，所述光栅转盘朝向光对管组件的一侧面均匀布设有复数个反光条，所述发光元件和受光元件之间设置有挡光结构。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其特征在于，所述光栅转盘为阻光材质，该光栅转盘上均布设有复数个透光孔，所述发光元件和受光元件分别位于光栅转盘的两侧。
  13. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的可切换滚轮转动自由度的编码器，其特征在于，所述信号产生组件包括有安装于滚轮内空腔内的磁性转盘，和设置在支架上的PCB板，以及PCB板上贴片的霍尔元件，所述磁性转盘转动产生磁场脉冲经由霍尔元件产生信号。
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