WO2023236541A1 - 一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置及其处理废水的方法 - Google Patents

一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置及其处理废水的方法 Download PDF

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WO2023236541A1
WO2023236541A1 PCT/CN2023/072492 CN2023072492W WO2023236541A1 WO 2023236541 A1 WO2023236541 A1 WO 2023236541A1 CN 2023072492 W CN2023072492 W CN 2023072492W WO 2023236541 A1 WO2023236541 A1 WO 2023236541A1
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plasma
catalytic oxidation
wastewater
zone
oxidation
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English (en)
French (fr)
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钱光磊
谢陈鑫
滕厚开
赵慧
雷太平
任春燕
张程蕾
李旗
李亮
衣龙欣
周启立
陆彩霞
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天津正达科技有限责任公司
中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
中海油能源发展股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023236541A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023236541A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/725Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30Organic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/02Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/023Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/02Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/026Fenton's reagent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/10Photocatalysts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of environmental engineering wastewater treatment, and in particular to a plasma catalytic oxidation treatment device and a method for treating wastewater.
  • Plasma oxidation technology converts high-voltage electrical energy into a strong electric field under plasma corona discharge, and then transfers the energy to electrons to accelerate them into high-energy electrons that collide and dissociate with molecules in the system, producing a large amount of active substances accompanied by ultraviolet light Radiation produces excited oxygen atoms or decomposes organic matter into hydroxyl groups, thereby achieving organic decomposition or even complete mineralization.
  • plasma is considered to be one of the most promising advanced oxidation technologies today. Therefore, in recent years, plasma oxidation technology has received widespread attention from domestic and foreign scholars, but there are few studies and applications that directly apply it to wastewater treatment.
  • gas phase discharge means that there is a gas phase environment between the cathode and anode.
  • a corona discharge By applying high voltage, a corona discharge generates a plasma process.
  • a large amount of active oxygen, ozone and other active groups are generated, and the gas generated by the discharge is introduced into the wastewater.
  • the oxidation process of wastewater is realized in the liquid phase discharge.
  • the anode is immersed in the liquid and the cathode is exposed to the air.
  • the plasma discharge process is realized by loading high-voltage pulse voltage and a large amount of hydroxyl radicals and oxidizing groups are generated to realize the direct oxidation process of the wastewater. .
  • a large amount of highly oxidizing active substances can be produced during the plasma oxidation process, accompanied by ultraviolet radiation, shock waves, and electrolytic cavitation degradation. Physical and chemical effects can effectively remove refractory organic matter in wastewater.
  • the discharge efficiency is low and the oxidation is incomplete. Especially when traditional gas-phase discharge is used, the strong oxidizing substances produced by the discharge are limited.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a plasma catalytic oxidation wastewater treatment device and method.
  • the present invention constructs a combined treatment system of plasma oxidation system, photocatalytic oxidation and multi-functional catalytic oxidation through reactor design, realizes the reuse of ultraviolet radiation and plasma tail gas in the plasma oxidation process, and realizes the wastewater treatment in the device.
  • the internal cyclic oxidation process improves the system's oxidative degradation capability and wastewater treatment efficiency.
  • the implementation of the present invention will contribute to the popularization and application of plasma catalytic oxidation technology in the field of refractory wastewater treatment.
  • the invention is a plasma catalytic oxidation treatment device.
  • the device includes an atomization system, a plasma oxidation system, a gas-liquid releaser, a photocatalytic zone, a multifunctional catalytic oxidation zone, a precipitation zone and a high-voltage pulse AC power supply; wherein , the plasma oxidation system, photocatalytic zone, and multi-functional catalytic oxidation zone are arranged coaxially in concentric circles from the inside to the outside.
  • the top of the plasma oxidation system is connected to the atomization system, and the lower part introduces the plasma gas-liquid mixture into multiple units through a gas-liquid releaser.
  • the functional catalytic oxidation zone realizes the reuse of plasma exhaust gas and the degradation of pollutants in wastewater.
  • the upper part of the multifunctional catalytic oxidation zone is equipped with a water outlet and a vent, so that part of the wastewater is discharged from the outlet, the generated tail gas is discharged from the vent, and part of the wastewater enters the light
  • the catalytic zone realizes wastewater circulation oxidation treatment;
  • the bottom of the multifunctional catalytic oxidation zone is equipped with the gas Liquid releaser, the gas-liquid releaser is provided with an orifice, and the diameter of the orifice is preferably 1.0 to 2.0mm.
  • the multifunctional catalytic oxidation and photocatalytic zone forms a hydraulic Internal circulation realizes the wastewater circulation oxidation process;
  • the lower part of the gas-liquid releaser is equipped with a sedimentation area and a mud discharge port;
  • the plasma oxidation system is composed of a cylindrical anode discharge tube and a cathode receiving tube, with a distance of 10 to 15 mm between the two; the plasma discharge oxidation process occurs when the cylindrical anode discharge tube and the cathode discharge tube are loaded with high-voltage pulse AC power. , the loading voltage and frequency are adjustable according to processing needs; the cylindrical anode discharge tube is preferably coaxially arranged with an anode rod and a discharge ceramic tube, with a spacing of 2 to 4 mm; the cathode receiving tube is preferably composed of an array of cylindrical cathodes and quartz tube sets The inner diameter of the cylindrical cathode is the same as the outer diameter of the quartz tube, and the height is 5 to 10 mm. The cylindrical cathodes are arranged at equal intervals with a spacing of 10 to 15 mm. The specific number of arrangements is set according to the processing needs;
  • the photocatalytic zone is filled with groups of photocatalyst beds between cylindrical cathodes.
  • the photocatalyst bed is evenly filled with photocatalysts and glass balls at a ratio of 1:1, with a particle size of 2 to 3 mm.
  • the plasma discharge oxidation process The ultraviolet radiation generated in the quartz tube induces the photocatalyst to produce a photocatalytic process;
  • the multifunctional catalytic oxidation zone is filled with modified activated carbon, with a particle size of 3 to 5 mm, and a filling height of 1/2 to 2/3 of the height of the multifunctional catalytic oxidation zone; the modified activated carbon is based on granular activated carbon.
  • Material one or more substances with ferrous oxide, ferric oxide, manganese oxide and nickel oxide loaded on the surface, with catalytic activity.
  • the photocatalyst uses titanium particles as the base material, is surface-loaded by iron-doped titanium dioxide, and is modified with silver oxide and nickel oxide to have photocatalytic activity.
  • the invention also provides a method for treating wastewater by a plasma catalytic oxidation treatment device. Its working principle is as follows: compressed air or oxygen enters the atomizer through the air inlet, and the wastewater at the water inlet is sucked in under the action of negative pressure suction.
  • the atomization system 1 performs high-speed atomization and then enters the plasma oxidation system. Under the external high-voltage pulse AC power supply, the plasma oxidation process occurs to generate -OH, -HO 2 , O 3 , H 2 O 2 and other active groups accompanied by ultraviolet light.
  • the light radiation process realizes rapid oxidation and degradation of organic pollutants in atomized wastewater; the atomized wastewater of the plasma oxidation system enters the multi-functional catalytic oxidation zone through the gas-liquid releaser. Under the action of the plasma tail gas, Fenton oxidation occurs on the surface of the modified activated carbon. and ozone catalytic oxidation process to achieve complete mineralization and degradation of pollutants in wastewater; part of the wastewater in the multifunctional catalytic oxidation zone enters the photocatalytic zone, and a photocatalytic reaction occurs under the combined action of the ultraviolet radiation generated during the plasma oxidation process and the photocatalyst. Strong oxidizing groups such as -OH are generated to further degrade pollutants in wastewater.
  • the volume ratio of the compressed air or oxygen at the air inlet of the atomization system and the wastewater sucked into the water inlet is controlled at 50 to 100:1, and the wastewater atomized particles The diameter is 5 ⁇ 25 ⁇ m, which can be adjusted according to the wastewater treatment effect.
  • the high-voltage pulse AC power supply is preferably used, the pulse voltage is 6 ⁇ 8kV, the pulse frequency is 1 ⁇ 20000Hz, and the pulse current is 0 ⁇ 3000mA, specifically according to the wastewater Adjustable processing requirements.
  • the present invention realizes by filling groups of photocatalyst beds between the cylindrical cathodes of the plasma oxidation system. Since ultraviolet radiation is generated during the plasma oxidation process, it is transmitted to the surface of the photocatalyst through the quartz tube to induce the photocatalytic process. Refractory pollutants in wastewater are further degraded, that is, through The optimized combination design of the plasma oxidation system and the photocatalytic zone not only achieves a synergistic effect in the degradation of pollutants, but also realizes the reuse of ultraviolet light and improves the oxidation efficiency of the system.
  • the plasma catalytic oxidation treatment device includes an atomization system 1, a plasma oxidation system 2, a gas-liquid releaser 3, a photocatalytic area 4, a multifunctional catalytic oxidation area 5, a precipitation area 6 and a high-voltage pulse AC power supply. 7; Among them, the plasma oxidation system 2, the photocatalytic area 4, and the multifunctional catalytic oxidation area 5 are coaxially arranged in concentric circles from the inside to the outside.
  • the top of the plasma oxidation system 2 is connected with the atomization system 1 Connected, the lower part is connected to the gas-liquid releaser 3, the gas-liquid releaser 3 is provided with an orifice 301, the diameter of the orifice 301 is 1.0 ⁇ 2.0mm, the plasma gas-liquid mixture is introduced into the multi-functional catalytic oxidation zone through the gas-liquid releaser 3 5.
  • a part of the wastewater in the multifunctional catalytic oxidation zone 5 is discharged from the water outlet 8, and the generated tail gas is discharged from the vent 9.
  • the plasma oxidation system 2 consists of a cylindrical anode discharge tube 201 and a cathode receiving tube 202, with a distance of 10 to 15 mm; the cylindrical anode discharge tube 201 is coaxially arranged by an anode rod 203 and a discharge ceramic tube 204.
  • the anode rod 203 is made of stainless steel, copper or tungsten, and the discharge ceramic tube 204 is made of quartz or corundum, which has high strength, high temperature resistance and acid and alkali resistance;
  • the cathode receiving tube 202 is made of an array of cylindrical
  • the cathode 205 and the quartz tube 206 are combined in a set.
  • four sets of cylindrical cathodes 204 are used.
  • a gas-liquid releaser 3 is provided at the bottom of the multifunctional catalytic oxidation zone 5.
  • An orifice 301 is provided on the gas-liquid releaser 3, and the diameter of the orifice 301 is 1.0 ⁇ 2.0mm. Under the condition that the gas-liquid releaser 3 releases the plasma gas-liquid mixture, the multifunctional catalytic oxidation 5 and the photocatalytic zone 4 form a hydraulic internal circulation to realize the wastewater circulation oxidation process.
  • the wastewater and compressed air were atomized at a high speed according to a volume ratio of 1:75 and then entered into the plasma.
  • Bulk catalytic oxidation device in which the distance between the cylindrical anode discharge tube and the cathode receiving tube is 15mm, the height of the cylindrical cathode in the cathode receiving tube is 6mm and is arranged at 12mm equal intervals, and the multifunctional catalytic oxidation zone is filled with oxidized ferrous iron, Granular activated carbon modified with ferric oxide and nickel oxide, the filling height is 1/2 of the height of the multifunctional catalytic oxidation zone, the high-voltage pulse AC power supply voltage is 7500V, the frequency is 1500Hz, the current is 600mA, and the plasma oxidation system is atomized The residence time of wastewater is 5s.
  • the hydraulic residence time of wastewater in the photocatalytic zone and multifunctional catalytic oxidation zone is 35min and 30min respectively.
  • the average COD concentration of the effluent is 53mg/L.
  • the effluent water quality meets the "Petroleum Refining Industry Pollutant Emission Standard" GB31570- 2015 emission requirements.

Abstract

一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置,包括:雾化系统(1),其上端设有供压缩空气或氧气进入的进气口(101),中部设有供废水进入的进水口(102);等离子体氧化系统(2),其上端与雾化系统(1)连接,并与高压脉冲交流电源(7)电连接;光催化区(4),其同心设置在等离子体氧化系统(2)的外周;多功能催化氧化区(5),其同心设置在光催化区(4)的外周,并与光催化区(4)的上端和下端分别相连通;气液释放器(3),其位于多功能催化氧化区(5)的下部,并与等离子体氧化系统(2)下端连接,用于带动多功能催氧化区(5)与光催化区(4)的水循环。还公开了一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置处理废水的方法。

Description

一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置及其处理废水的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及环境工程废水处理领域,特别涉及一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置及其处理废水的方法。
背景技术
等离子体氧化技术即是在等离子电晕放电下,将高压电能转化为强电场,再将能量传递给电子使其加速成为高能电子与系统中分子碰撞解离,产生大量活性物质并伴随着紫外光辐射产生激发态氧原子或将有机物分解为羟基,从而实现有机物分解,甚至彻底矿化。等离子体作为一种新型污水处理技术被认为是当今最具有前景的高级氧化技术之一。因此,近些年,等离子体氧化技术受到国内外学者广泛关注,但将其直接应用于废水处理的研究和应用较少。
目前,等离子体废水处理的研究主要集中于放电形式的优化,包括气相放电、液相放电及气液相放电。其中,所谓气相放电即是阴阳极之间为气相环境,通过施加高电压,发生电晕放电产生等离子体过程,气相放电过程中产生大量活性氧、臭氧等活性基团,将放电产生气体导入废水中实现废水的氧化过程;而液相放电则是阳极被液体浸没而阴极暴露于空气中,通过加载高压脉冲电压实现等离子体放电过程并产生大量羟基自由基、氧化基团从而实现废水直接氧化过程。不管何种放电形式,等离子体氧化过程中均能产生大量具有强氧化的活性物质,并伴随紫外光辐射,冲击波及液电空化降解等 物理化学作用,可有效的去除废水中难降解有机物。但上述等离子体放电氧化过程中仍然存在一些问题:①放电效率低,氧化不彻底,尤其采用传统气相放电,放电产生的强氧化物质有限,将产生气体导入液体完全属于间接氧化过程,有机物氧化不彻底;②放电电压高,能耗较高,传统气相放电电压达几万伏,气液相放电也多数高于10kV以上,过高的放电电压不仅对放电材料要求较高,也产生大量能耗;③气液相放电过程中放电电极极易容易被污染,导致放电和氧化效率低且影响使用寿命;④目前多数为等离子体单一放电氧化过程,等离子体过程所产生的氧化物气体及紫外光等利用效率低,没有形成多种复合氧化的协同作用。因此,迫切解决上述问题,是提高等离子体废水氧化效率并进行工程化应用的关键所在。
发明内容
为克服上述技术不足,本发明的目的是提供一种等离子体催化氧化废水处理装置及方法。本发明通过反应器设计构建了等离子体氧化系统、光催化氧化和多功能催化氧化的组合处理系统,实现了等离子体氧化过程中紫外光辐射及等离子体尾气的再利用,并且实现了废水在装置内部的循环氧化过程,提高了系统的氧化降解能力和废水处理效率。本发明的实施将有助于等离子体催化氧化技术在难降解废水处理领域的推广应用。
本发明为一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置,所述的装置包括雾化系统、等离子体氧化系统、气液释放器、光催化区、多功能催化氧化区、沉淀区和高压脉冲交流电源;其中,等离子体氧化系统、光催化区、多功能催化氧化区由内至外同心圆同轴布置,等离子体氧化系统顶部与雾化系统相连,下部通过气液释放器将等离子体气液混合物导入多功能催化氧化区实现等离子体尾气再利用和废水中污染物降解,多功能催化氧化区上部设置有出水口和放空口,使一部分废水由出水口排出,产生尾气由放空口排出,一部分废水进入光催化区实现废水循环氧化处理;多功能催化氧化区底部设置有所述的气 液释放器,所述的气液释放器上设置孔口,孔口直径优选为1.0~2.0mm,在气液释放器释放等离子体气液混合物条件下,多功能催化氧化与光催化区形成水力内循环,实现废水循环氧化过程;气液释放器下部设置有沉淀区和排泥口;
所述的雾化系统设有进气口和进水口,在进气条件下进水口处产生负压抽吸作用使废水与气体充分混合雾化;
所述的等离子体氧化系统由圆柱形阳极放电管和阴极接收管组成,两者间距10~15mm;圆柱形阳极放电管和阴极放电管在加载高压脉冲交流电源条件下,发生等离子体放电氧化过程,加载电压和频率根据处理需要可调;圆柱形阳极放电管优选由阳极棒和放电陶瓷管同轴布置而成,间距为2~4mm;阴极接收管优选由数组圆柱形阴极和石英管套装组合而成,圆柱形阴极内径与石英管外径相同,高度为5~10mm,圆柱形阴极采用等间距布置,间距为10~15mm,具体布置数量根据处理需要设置;
所述的光催化区在圆柱形阴极之间装填有成组光催化剂床层,光催化剂床层由光催化剂和玻璃球按1∶1均匀装填,粒径为2~3mm,等离子体放电氧化过程中产生的紫外光辐射通过石英管诱发光催化剂产生光催化过程;
所述的多功能催化氧化区装填有改性活性炭,粒径为3~5mm,装填高度为多功能催化氧化区高度的1/2~2/3;所述的改性活性炭以颗粒活性炭为基材,表面负载氧化亚铁、四氧化三铁、氧化锰及氧化镍的一种或多种物质,具有催化活性。
本发明所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置中,所述的阳极棒材质为不锈钢、铜或钨材质;所述的放电陶瓷管为石英或刚玉材质,具有强度高、耐高温和耐酸、碱特性;所述的圆柱形阴极为钛合金或双相钢材质,具有耐酸碱、抗腐蚀性能。
本发明所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置中,所述的光催化剂以钛粒为基材,通过铁掺杂二氧化钛进行表面负载,并用氧化银、氧化镍进行修饰,具有光催化活性。
本发明还提供了一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置处理废水的方法,其工作原理如下:压缩空气或氧气进入由进气口进入雾化器,在负压抽吸作用下将进水口处废水吸入雾化系统1进行高速雾化后进入等离子体氧化系统,在外加高压脉冲交流电源下,发生等离子体氧化过程产生-OH、-HO2、O3、H2O2等活性基团并伴随紫外光辐射过程,实现雾化废水中有机污染物快速氧化降解;等离子体氧化系统雾化废水通过气液释放器进入多功能催化氧化区,在等离子体尾气作用下,改性活性炭表面发生芬顿氧化和臭氧催化氧化过程,实现废水中污染物彻底矿化与降解;多功能催化氧化区废水一部分进入光催化区,在等离子体氧化过程中产生的紫外光辐射和光催化剂共同作用下,发生光催化反应产生-OH等强氧化基团实现废水中污染物进一步降解,光催化区废水在等离子体尾气气提作用下,再次进入多功能催化氧化区实现废水循环往复氧化,废水循环氧化次数根据进入雾化系统压缩空气和氧气量调节;多功能催化氧化区另一部分废水由出水口排出,产生尾气由放空口排出,光催化区和多功能催化氧化区产生泥垢经沉淀区由排泥口排出。
本发明所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置处理废水的方法中,优选所述的雾化系统进气口压缩空气或氧气与进水口吸入废水体积比控制在50~100∶1,废水雾化粒径为5~25μm,具体根据废水处理效果可调。
本发明所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置处理废水的方法中,优选所述的等离子体氧化系统雾化废水停留时间为2~10s,废水在光催化区和多功能催化氧化区水力停留时间分别为30~60min和30~45min。
本发明所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置处理废水的方法中,优选所述的高压脉冲交流电源,脉冲电压为6~8kV,脉冲频率为1~20000Hz,脉冲电流为0~3000mA,具体根据废水处理要求可调。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明通过将圆柱形阳极放电管阳极棒和放电陶瓷管同轴布置,以及将阴极接收管通过数组圆柱形阴极和石英管套装组合而成,如此优化设计实现了等离子体氧化系统双介质阻挡放电,不仅可避免放电电极污染问题,而且通过石英管等特殊结构优化设计实现了放电过程中紫外光等高能环境的再利用,有助于提高系统氧化效率。
2、本发明将氧气或空气与废水通过雾化系统高速雾化后产生大量微米级小液滴,粒径为5~25μm之间,如此不仅实现了气液的充分混合和雾化,在等离子体高压放电条件下,可显著提高等离子体放电过程中直接氧化效率和污染物降解效率。另外,通过将废水高速雾化后进入等离子体氧化系统可实现等离子体氧化系统在双介质阻挡条件下气液相放电过程,放电电压仅为6~8kV,而传统气液相放电电压高达上万伏,即显著降低放电电压,有利于节省系统运行能耗。
3、本发明等离子体氧化系统通过加载高压脉冲交流电源,产生大量强氧化物质,包括-OH、-HO2、O3、H2O2等活性基团,可实现废水中难降解污染物快速氧化降解;等离子体氧化系统产生的尾气中含有大量O3、H2O2等氧化物质,通过将尾气导入多功能催化氧化区后,由于改性活性炭表面负载有氧化亚铁、四氧化三铁、氧化锰及氧化镍等,与等离子体尾气中O3、H2O2等形成芬顿氧化和臭氧催化氧化体系,进一步实现废水中难降解污染物降解,而且实现了等离子体尾气的再利用。不仅如此,在等离子体尾气气提作用下,多功能催化区和光催化区废水形成内部无动力循环氧化,循环次数可达20~50次,具体循环次数可根据氧气或压缩空气进气量进行调节。
4、本发明通过在等离子体氧化系统圆柱形阴极之间装填有成组光催化剂床层,由于等离子体氧化过程中会产生紫外光辐射,通过石英管透射至光催化剂表面诱发光催化过程,实现废水中难降解污染物进一步降解,也即通 过等离子体氧化系统与光催化区的优化组合设计不仅实现了污染物降解的协同作用,而且实现了紫外光的再利用,提高了系统氧化效率。
5、本发明通过等离子体氧化系统、光催化区和多功能催化区的优化组合设计,不仅实现了装置内部废水的循环氧化过程,而且实现了等离子体氧化、光催化氧化和固相多功能催化氧化对废水中难降解有机污染物的协同处理作用。此外,通过反应器优化设计实现了等离子体氧化过程中等离子体尾气和紫外光辐射的再次利用,提高了系统处理效率。
附图说明
图1是发明一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置的示意图。
其中,1、雾化系统;2、等离子体氧化系统;3、气液释放器;4、光催化区;5、多功能催化氧化区;6、沉淀区;7、高压脉冲交流电源;8、出水口;9、放空口;10、排泥口;101、进气口;102、进气口;201、圆柱形阳极放电管;202、阴极接收管;203、阳极棒;204、放电陶瓷管;205、圆柱形阴极;206、石英管;301、孔口;401、光催化剂床层;402、光催化剂;403、玻璃球;501、改性活性炭。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
应当理解,本文所使用的诸如“具有”、“包含”以及“包括”术语并不排除一个或其它元件或其组合的存在或添加。
如图1所示,等离子体催化氧化处理装置包括雾化系统1、等离子体氧化系统2、气液释放器3、光催化区4、多功能催化氧化区5、沉淀区6和高压脉冲交流电源7;其中,等离子体氧化系统2、光催化区4、多功能催化氧化区5由内至外同心圆同轴布置,等离子体氧化系统2顶部与雾化系统1 相连,下部与气液释放器3相连,气液释放器3上设置孔口301,孔口301直径为1.0~2.0mm,通过气液释放器3将等离子体气液混合物导入多功能催化氧化区5,多功能催化氧化区5一部分废水由出水口8排出,产生尾气由放空口9排出,一部分废水进入光催化区4,实现废水在多功能催化氧化区5和光催化区4循环氧化处理,气液释放器3下部设置有沉淀区6和排泥口10;
如图1所示,等离子体氧化系统2由圆柱形阳极放电管201和阴极接收管202组成,两者间距10~15mm;圆柱形阳极放电管201由阳极棒203和放电陶瓷管204同轴布置而成,间距为2~4mm,阳极棒203采用不锈钢、铜或钨材质,放电陶瓷管204采用石英或刚玉材质,具有强度高、耐高温和耐酸、碱特性;阴极接收管202由数组圆柱形阴极205和石英管206套装组合而成,本发明附图1中采用4组圆柱形阴极204,材质为钛合金或双相钢材质,具有耐酸碱、抗腐蚀性能,圆柱形阴极205内径与石英管206外径相同,高度为5~10mm,圆柱形阴极205采用等间距布置,间距为10~15mm;圆柱形阳极放电管201和阴极放电管202在加载高压脉冲交流电源7条件下,发生等离子体放电氧化过程,加载的脉冲电压为6~8kV,脉冲频率为1~20000Hz,脉冲电流为0~3000mA,具体根据废水处理要求可调。
如图1所示,光催化区4在圆柱形阴极205之间装填有成组光催化剂床层401,光催化剂床层401由光催化剂402和玻璃球403按1∶1均匀装填,粒径为2~3mm,等离子体放电氧化过程中产生的紫外光辐射通过石英管206诱发光催化剂402产生光催化过程;所述的多功能催化氧化区5装填有改性活性炭501,粒径为3~5mm,装填高度为多功能催化氧化区5高度的1/2~2/3,多功能催化氧化区5底部设置气液释放器3,气液释放器3上设置孔口301,孔口301直径为1.0~2.0mm,在气液释放器3释放等离子体气液混合物条件下,多功能催化氧化5与光催化区4形成水力内循环,实现废水循环氧化过程。
结合附图1对本发明所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置处理废水的工作方法进行如下描述:压缩空气或氧气进入由进气口101进入雾化器1,在进气条件下进水口102处产生负压抽吸作用使废水与气体充分混合雾化,进气口101压缩空气或氧气与进水口102吸入废水体积比控制在50~100∶1,废水雾化粒径为5~25μm,具体根据废水处理效果可调;雾化废水进入等离子体氧化系统2后,在等离子体氧化系统2停留时间为2~10s,在外加高压脉冲交流电源6下,发生等离子体氧化过程产生·OH、·HO2、O3、H2O2等活性基团并伴随紫外光辐射过程,实现雾化废水中有机污染物快速氧化降解;等离子体氧化系统2雾化废水通过气液释放器3进入多功能催化氧化区5,在等离子体尾气作用下,改性活性炭501表面发生芬顿氧化和臭氧催化氧化过程,实现废水中污染物彻底矿化与降解;多功能催化氧化区5废水一部分进入光催化区4,在等离子体氧化过程中产生的紫外光辐射和光催化剂403共同作用下,发生光催化反应产生·OH等强氧化基团实现废水中污染物进一步降解,光催化区4废水在等离子体尾气气提作用下,再次进入多功能催化氧化区5实现废水循环往复氧化,废水循环氧化次数根据进入雾化系统1压缩空气和氧气量调节,废水在光催化区4和多功能催化氧化区5水力停留时间分别为30~60min和30~45min;多功能催化氧化区5另一部分废水由出水口8排出,产生尾气由放空口10排出,光催化区4和多功能催化氧化区5产生泥垢经沉淀区6由排泥口11排出。
实施例一:
山东省某炼化公司所采用原料多为重质原油,产生炼化污水经传统生化工艺处理后进行回用处理,但污水回收系统产生的反渗透浓水中含有大量难降解有机污染物,COD浓度在230~315mg/L,电导率在7000~9000us/cm,采用传统高级氧化法处理该种废水效率低,出水无法达到相关出水排放标准。采用本发明等离子体催化氧化处理装置对该种废水进行了10L/h的工程化应用研究,将该废水与压缩空气按照1∶75体积比进行高速雾化后进入等离子 体催化氧化装置,其中,圆柱形阳极放电管与阴极接收管间距为15mm,阴极接收管中的圆柱形阴极高度为6mm且采用12mm等间距布置,多功能催化氧化区装填有经氧化亚铁、四氧化三铁及氧化镍改性的颗粒活性炭,装填高度为多功能催化氧化区高度的1/2,高压脉冲交流电源加载电压为7500V,频率为1500Hz,电流为600mA,等离子体氧化系统雾化废水停留时间为5s,废水在光催化区和多功能催化氧化区水力停留时间分别为35min和30min,出水COD平均浓度为53mg/L,出水水质满足《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》GB31570-2015排放要求。
实施例二:
河北省某钢铁企业焦化车间产生一定量焦化废水,废水中含有大量酚类、嘧啶等难降解有毒有害物质,采用混凝沉淀+生物接触氧化工艺进行处理,处理后出水COD浓度在225~342mg/L之间,采用传统臭氧催化氧化法处理该种废水,臭氧投加量高,出水COD无法稳定达到《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》GB16171-2012中排放要求。采用本发明采用本发明等离子体催化氧化处理装置对该种废水进行了小试处理试验,其中,废水与压缩空气按照1∶90体积比进行高速雾化后进入等离子体催化氧化装置,其中,圆柱形阳极放电管与阴极接收管间距为12mm,阴极接收管中的圆柱形阴极高度为8mm且采用15mm等间距布置,多功能催化氧化区装填有经氧化亚铁、氧化锰改性的颗粒活性炭,装填高度为多功能催化氧化区高度的2/3,雾化废水在等离子体氧化系统停留时间为8s,高压脉冲交流电源加载电压为6300V,频率为16000Hz,电流为1200mA,废水在光催化区和多功能催化氧化区水力停留时间分别为45min和45min,进水COD平均浓度在283mg/L,出水COD平均浓度为43mg/L,COD平均去除率为84.8%,吨水耗电量为6~7kwh/t,出水水质满足排放标准。
综上所述本发明一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置1,设有离子体氧化系统、光催化氧化和多功能催化氧化的组合处理系统,实现了等离子体氧化过 程中紫外光辐射及等离子体尾气的再利用,并且实现了废水在装置内部的循环氧化过程,提高了系统的氧化降解能力和废水处理效率。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置,其特征在于,包括:
    雾化系统,其上端设有供压缩空气或氧气进入的进气口,中部设有供废水进入的进水口,用于将废水雾化;
    等离子体氧化系统,其上端与所述雾化装置连接,并与高压脉冲交流电源电连接,用于对雾化废水中有机污染物快速氧化降解;
    光催化区,其同心设置在所述等离子体氧化系统的外周;以及
    多功能催化氧化区,其同心设置在所述光催化区的外周,并与所述光催化区的上端和下端分别相连通;
    气液释放器,其位于所述多功能催化氧化区的下部,并与所述等离子体氧化系统下端连接,用于带动多功能催化氧化与光催化区的水循环;
    其中,在所述多功能催化氧化区的上部分别设有出水口和放空口,在所述气液释放器的下部设置有沉淀区和排泥口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置,其特征在于,所述等离子体氧化系统包括:
    圆柱形阳极放电管,其设置在所述等离子体氧化系统的中心,在所述圆柱形阳极放电管由设置在圆柱形阳极放电管中心的阳极棒以及设置在所述阳极棒外周设置有放电陶瓷管组成,所述圆柱形阳极放电管用于与高压脉冲交流电源的正极电连接;
    阴极放电管,其罩设在所述圆柱形阳极放电管的外周,在所述阴极接收管由石英管以及套设在所述石英管上的数组圆柱形阴极组成,所述阴极放电管用于与所述高压脉冲交流电源的负极电连接;
    其中,所述阳极棒与放电陶瓷管的间距为10~15mm;所述圆柱形阴极的高度为5~10mm,所述圆柱形阴极等间距设置,相邻圆柱形阴极的间距为10~15mm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置,其特征在于,所述光催化区包括:
    多组催化剂床层,其由上至下依次等间隔地设置在所述光催化区内,并位于所述相邻圆柱形阴极之间;
    其中,在所述催化剂床层内均匀装填有光催化剂和玻璃球,所述光催化剂和玻璃球的粒径为2~3mm;所述的光催化剂以钛粒为基材,通过铁掺杂二氧化钛进行表面负载,并用氧化银、氧化镍进行修饰。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置,其特征在于;在所述多功能催化氧化区内装填有改性活性炭,所述改性活性炭的粒径为3~5mm,所述改性活性炭的装填高度为多功能催化氧化区高度的1/2~
    2/3;所述的改性活性炭以颗粒活性炭为基材,表面负载氧化亚铁、四氧化三铁、氧化锰及氧化镍中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置,其特征在于:在所述的气液释放器上设置孔口,所述置孔口的直径为1.0~2.0mm。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置,其特征在于:所述的阳极棒由不锈钢、铜或钨制成;所述的放电陶瓷管由石英或刚玉制成;所述的圆柱形阴极由钛合金或双相钢制成。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置,其特征在于:所述雾化系统为文丘里管。
  8. 一种应用权利要求1-7中任一项所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置处理废水的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    a、压缩空气或氧气和废水分别通过进气口和进水口进入所述雾化系统内,并生产雾化废水;
    b、雾化水滴进入等离子体氧化系统内,等离子体氧化系统与高压脉冲交流电源电连接发生,产生-OH、-HO2、O3、H2O2活性基团并伴随紫外光辐射,将雾化废水中有机污染物氧化降解;
    c、雾化废水达到气液释放器后,由下至上进入多功能催化氧化区,与多功能催化氧化区中的改性活性炭发生芬顿氧化和臭氧催化氧化,进一步将雾化废水中有机污染物氧化降解;
    d多功能催化氧化区上部的废水一部分进入光催化区,在等离子体氧化过程中产生的紫外光辐射和光催化剂共同作用下,发生光催化反应产生强氧化基团实现废水中污染物进一步降解,光催化区的废水在等离子体尾气气提作用下,再次进入多功能催化氧化区实现废水循环往复氧化;
    e、多功能催化氧化区另一部分废水由出水口排出,产生尾气由放空口排出,光催化区和多功能催化氧化区产生泥垢经沉淀区由排泥口排出。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置处理废水的方法,其特征在于:所述雾化系统的进气口压缩空气或氧气与进水口吸入废水体积比控制在50~100∶1,废水雾化粒径为5~25μm。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的等离子体催化氧化处理装置处理废水的方法,其特征在于:所述的等离子体氧化系统雾化废水停留时间为2~10s,废水在光催化区和多功能催化氧化区水力停留时间分别为30~60min和30~45min;所述的高压脉冲交流电源的脉冲电压为6~8kV,脉冲频率为1~20000Hz,脉冲电流为0~3000mA。
PCT/CN2023/072492 2022-06-09 2023-01-17 一种等离子体催化氧化处理装置及其处理废水的方法 WO2023236541A1 (zh)

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