WO2023236167A1 - 轴承 - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2023236167A1
WO2023236167A1 PCT/CN2022/097992 CN2022097992W WO2023236167A1 WO 2023236167 A1 WO2023236167 A1 WO 2023236167A1 CN 2022097992 W CN2022097992 W CN 2022097992W WO 2023236167 A1 WO2023236167 A1 WO 2023236167A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rolling element
elastic
pocket
elastic locking
bearing
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Application number
PCT/CN2022/097992
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
盛亚栋
黄运生
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
盛亚栋
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司, 盛亚栋 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/097992 priority Critical patent/WO2023236167A1/zh
Publication of WO2023236167A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023236167A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38—Ball cages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C43/00—Assembling bearings
    • F16C43/04—Assembling rolling-contact bearings

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of bearings.
  • Figure 1A shows a separable angular contact ball bearing, which includes a cage 10, rolling elements 20 (balls), an outer ring 30 and an inner ring 40 assembled together.
  • the cage 10 retains the plurality of rolling elements 20 in the raceways of the outer ring 30 and the inner ring 40 .
  • the inner ring 40 that is tightly fitted on the shaft moves accordingly, causing the bearing outer ring 30 and the inner ring to move.
  • circle 40 shown in Figure 1B).
  • the existing cage 10 is generally an unrestricted cage (when the outer ring 30 and the inner ring 40 are separated, the rolling elements 20 can fall out from the inner ring 40 side and the outer ring 30 side), the inner limit type cage (when the outer ring 30 and the inner ring 40 separate, the rolling elements 20 can fall out from the side of the outer ring 30) or an outer-limiting cage (when the outer ring 30 and the inner ring 40 separate, the rolling elements 20 can fall out from the inner ring 30) The side of the ring 40 falls out), so when the outer ring 30 and the inner ring 40 are separated, the risk of the rolling elements 20 coming out of the pockets of the cage 10 cannot be avoided. Moreover, once the rolling elements 20 come out of the pockets of the cage 10, the bearing cannot continue to be used.
  • This application was made based on the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a bearing that can reduce or even eliminate the risk of the rolling elements coming out of the pockets of the cage when the outer ring and the inner ring are separated.
  • the present application provides the following bearing, which has axial, radial and circumferential directions.
  • the bearing includes a cage, a plurality of rolling elements, an outer ring and an inner ring.
  • the cage is formed in the circumferential direction.
  • a plurality of pockets are distributed, and the rolling elements are installed in the pockets.
  • the side wall of each pocket is formed with a working surface, and the working surface can press the rolling elements when the rolling elements are in a working state.
  • the rolling elements are in contact with each other and limited.
  • the cage is provided with an elastic locking portion at a location other than the working surface.
  • the rolling element contacts the elastic locking portion and causes the rolling element to contact the elastic locking portion. After elastic deformation, it crosses the elastic locking part and enters the pocket; while the rolling element is working in the pocket, the rolling element and the elastic locking part remain separated.
  • the rolling element is formed as a sphere, and the working surface is a part of the spherical surface.
  • the cage includes two side beams and multiple lintels fixed together,
  • the side beams extend continuously along the entire circumference along the circumferential direction
  • the lintel extends along the axial direction, and two ends of each lintel are respectively connected to two side beams,
  • the pocket is formed by being surrounded by the side beam and the lintel, and the elastic locking portion is provided on the side beam.
  • the side beam is formed with a first annular groove extending along the circumferential direction, the first annular groove is formed with an opening opening in the radial direction, and the side beam is located at The axially inner wall portion of the first annular groove is formed as the elastic locking portion.
  • the side beam is formed with a second annular groove extending along the circumferential direction
  • the second annular groove is formed with an opening opening in the axial direction
  • the side beam is formed with a second annular groove extending along the circumferential direction. The portion of the radial wall portion of the beam adjacent to the second annular groove forms the elastic locking portion.
  • the bearing includes an elastic ring, the elastic ring is made of elastic material and extends along the circumferential direction, and the elastic ring is fixedly arranged on the axial inner side of the side beam. wall.
  • a storage groove is formed on the axial inner wall portion of the side beam, and the elastic ring is embedded in the storage groove.
  • the elastic material is rubber, and the elastic ring is vulcanized and formed on the side beam or the elastic ring is bonded to the side beam.
  • the bearing is an angular contact ball bearing.
  • the elastic locking portion is located radially inside the working surface; and/or the elastic locking portion is located radially outside the working surface.
  • this application provides a new type of bearing, the cage of which is provided with an elastic locking portion at the non-working surface.
  • the elastic locking part is configured such that the rolling element contacts the elastic locking part during the process of being installed in the pocket and causes it to elastically deform and then cross the elastic locking part and enter the pocket, and the rolling element is installed in the pocket. After the pocket, the rolling element is separated from the elastic locking part, and the elastic locking part releases its elastic deformation.
  • FIG. 1A is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of an existing angular contact ball bearing, in which the bearing is in a normal state.
  • Figure 1B is another partial cross-sectional schematic view of the angular contact ball bearing of Figure 1A, with the bearing in a detached state.
  • FIG. 2A is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of a bearing according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2B is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of the cage of the bearing in FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 2C is an enlarged schematic diagram of area S1 in FIG. 2A.
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of a cage of a bearing according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4A is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of a bearing according to a third embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4B is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of the cage of the bearing in Figure 4A.
  • FIG. 4C is an enlarged schematic diagram of area S2 in FIG. 4A.
  • Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of a cage of a bearing according to a fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • axial direction refers to the axial direction, radial direction and circumferential direction of the bearing (cage) respectively.
  • axially inside refers to the side close to the axial centerline of the bearing (cage)
  • axially outside refers to the side away from the axial centerline of the bearing (cage);
  • axially “One side” refers to the left side in Figures 2A, 2B, 3, 4A, 4B and 5, and "the other axial side” refers to Figures 2A, 2B, 3, 4A and 4B. , the right side in Figure 5.
  • radially inner side refers to the side close to the central axis of the bearing in the radial direction, that is, the lower side in Figures 2A, 2B, 2C, 3, 4A, 4B, and 5
  • dial outside refers to the side radially away from the central axis of the bearing, that is, the upper side in Figures 2A, 2B, 2C, 3, 4A, 4B, and 5.
  • the bearing according to the first embodiment of the present application is an angular contact ball bearing, and the bearing is formed into an annular shape as a whole.
  • the bearing according to the first embodiment of the present application includes a cage 1, a plurality of rolling elements 2 (balls), an outer ring 3 and an inner ring 4 assembled together.
  • the cage 1 retains the plurality of rolling elements 2 in the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 4.
  • the cage 1 includes two side beams 11 and multiple lintels 12 that are fixed together.
  • Each side beam 11 extends continuously along the circumferential direction over the entire circumference, and the two side beams 11 are spaced apart in the axial direction A.
  • Each lintel 12 extends along the axial direction A, and two ends of each lintel 12 are connected to two side beams 11 respectively.
  • a plurality of pockets 1 p are formed in the cage 1 surrounded by the side beams 11 and the lintels 12 .
  • the plurality of pockets 1p are evenly spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction, and each rolling element 2 is installed in the corresponding pocket 1p.
  • each pocket 1p (ie, the wall defined by the side beam 11 and the lintel 12) is formed as a working surface 1s, which is used to contact the rolling body 2 when the rolling body 2 is in the working state, and to The rolling element 2 is limited, and the working surface 1s receives the force of the rolling element 2 for this purpose.
  • the rolling element 2 is formed as a sphere made of metal such as steel, the working surface 1s of the pocket 1p may be a part of the spherical surface.
  • the radial size of the side beam 11 is larger than the radial size of the lintel 12 , so that the side beam 11 protrudes toward the radially inward side relative to the lintel 12 .
  • the radially inner parts of the two side beams 11 are provided with first elastic rings 13.
  • the first elastic rings 13 are made of elasticity such as rubber. material to act as a resilient locking section.
  • a receiving groove 11 c is formed on the other axial end wall of the side rail 11 on one axial side, and a receiving groove 11 c is also formed on the axial end wall of the side rail 11 on the other axial side.
  • the receiving groove 11 c extends continuously along the circumferential direction over the entire circumference, and the first elastic ring 13 can be embedded in the receiving groove 11 c to be fixed to the side beam 11 . Furthermore, the first elastic ring 13 protrudes from the storage groove 11c, so that the first elastic ring 13 can play a role in preventing the rolling element 2 from coming out of the pocket 1p.
  • the first elastic ring 13 as the elastic locking portion is disposed radially inside the pocket 1p, and the rolling element 2 can engage with the first elastic ring during installation into the pocket 1p. 13 contacts and elastically deforms, and then the rolling element 2 crosses the first elastic ring 13 and enters the pocket 1p; after the rolling element 2 is installed in the pocket 1p, the rolling element 2 is out of contact with the first elastic ring 13, and the first elastic ring 13 is disengaged. Ring 13 releases its elastic deformation.
  • the presence of the first elastic ring 13 as an elastic locking portion can prevent the rolling elements 2 from escaping radially inward from the pocket 1p.
  • the first elastic ring 13 is positioned at a portion of the cage 1 that is not a working surface, and referring to FIG. 2C , the most protruding portion of the first elastic ring 13 toward the rolling element 2 is arranged to be an extension of the working surface 1s. On the outside. In this way, the rolling element 2 is always separated from the first elastic ring 13 while working in the pocket 1p.
  • the first elastic ring 13 will not adversely affect the normal operation of the rolling element 2 and at the same time avoid The first elastic ring 13 is worn or damaged.
  • the first elastic ring 13 in order to prevent the first elastic ring 13 from being inserted into the storage groove 11c, the first elastic ring 13 is bonded and fixed with the side beam 11 while being embedded in the storage groove 11c.
  • the storage groove 11c can be formed such that the groove width (radial dimension) gradually becomes smaller from the bottom of the groove toward the groove opening, and the cross-sectional diameter of the first elastic ring 13 is larger than the groove width of the groove opening, thereby further ensuring that the first elastic ring 13 is embedded in the groove. The storage tank 11c then comes out of the storage tank 11c.
  • the structure of the bearing according to the second embodiment of the present application is basically the same as the structure of the bearing according to the first embodiment of the present application, and the differences between the two are mainly described below.
  • the second elastic ring 14 is used as the elastic locking part, but the storage groove 11c described in the first embodiment is omitted.
  • the second elastic ring 14 may be made of rubber.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the second elastic ring 14 is formed into a flat sheet shape, and the second elastic ring 14 is fixed to the side beam 11 through vulcanization molding. By adjusting the axial thickness of the second elastic ring 14, it can play the same role as the first elastic ring 13 in the first embodiment.
  • the structure of the bearing according to the third embodiment of the present application is basically the same as the structure of the bearing according to the first embodiment of the present application, and the differences between the two are mainly described below.
  • the side beam 11 is formed with a first annular groove 11c1 that extends continuously along the entire circumference in the circumferential direction.
  • the first annular groove 11c1 is formed in the radial direction R.
  • the opening is open toward the radially inner side, and the depth direction of the first annular groove 11c1 is substantially consistent with the radial direction R.
  • the portion of the axial wall portion of the side rail 11 adjacent to the first annular groove 11c1 (the portion located axially inside the first annular groove 11c1) is formed as a first thin-walled portion 111 serving as an elastic locking portion.
  • the axial thickness of the first thin-walled portion 111 is small, which is conducive to elastic deformation during the installation of the rolling element 2 . It can be understood that the first thin-walled portion 111 can play the same role as the first elastic ring 13 in the first embodiment.
  • the structure of the bearing according to the fourth embodiment of the present application is basically the same as the structure of the bearing according to the third embodiment of the present application, and the differences between the two are mainly described below.
  • the side beam 11 is formed with a second annular groove 11c2 that extends continuously along the entire circumference in the circumferential direction, and the second annular groove 11c2 is formed with an opening that opens in the axial direction A.
  • the depth direction of the second ring groove 11c2 is basically consistent with the axial direction A.
  • the two side beams 11 are formed with second annular grooves 11c2 that are open toward each other.
  • the axial end wall of the side beam 11 located on one axial side is formed with an opening that is open toward the other axial side.
  • the axial end wall of the side beam 11 on one side is formed with an opening opening toward one axial side.
  • the portion of the radial wall portion of the side rail 11 adjacent to the second annular groove 11c2 is formed as the second thin-walled portion 112 serving as an elastic locking portion.
  • the radial thickness of the second thin-walled portion 112 is smaller, which is beneficial to elastic deformation during the installation of the rolling element 2 . It can be understood that the second thin-walled portion 112 can play the same role as the first elastic ring 13 in the first embodiment.
  • the elastic locking portion is located radially inside the pocket 1p (working surface 1s), but the application is not limited thereto.
  • the cage 1 when the cage 1 is an unrestricted cage 1 (the rolling elements 2 can fall out from the inner ring 4 side and the outer ring 3 side when the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 4 are separated), it can be used in the pocket.
  • Elastic locking parts are provided on both the radially inner and radial outer sides of the hole 1p (working surface 1s); when the cage 1 is of the inner-restricted type (when the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 4 separate, the rolling element 2 can move from the outer ring 3
  • an elastic locking part when the cage 1 is of the outer limit type (when the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 4 are separated), an elastic locking part can be provided on the radial outside of the pocket 1p;
  • an elastic locking portion can be provided on the radially inner side of the pocket 1p. Therefore, the bearing of this application has made structural changes on the basis of the existing cage, realizing the locking function of the cage on the rolling elements at almost no increase in cost, and fully reducing the pro
  • the elastic locking portion extends continuously along the entire circumference of the cage 1 , but the application is not limited thereto. It can be understood that as long as the elastic locking portion can prevent the rolling element 2 from coming out of the pocket 1p, and will not hinder the normal operation of the rolling element 2.
  • the elastic locking portion can be configured as a segmented structure extending intermittently in the circumferential direction, or even the elastic locking portion can be configured as a point-like structure discretely extending in the circumferential direction.
  • the size parameters of the elastic locking portion can be adjusted to achieve the purpose of this application.
  • a further advantage is that no large installation force is required when installing the rolling elements 2, and in addition, the large interference caused by the installation process will be eliminated.
  • the resulting cage 1 has a problem of plastic deformation.
  • the presence of the annular grooves 11c1 and 11c2 can significantly reduce the force during assembly.
  • the bearing of the present application is an angular contact ball bearing with a ring guiding the cage. It can be understood that the solution of the present application achieves the purpose of the invention without affecting the number of rolling elements, and therefore can ensure the bearing capacity of the bearing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种轴承，其保持架(1)形成有兜孔(1p)，滚动体(2)安装于兜孔(1p)内，每个兜孔(1p)的侧壁形成有工作面(1s)，工作面(1s)能够在滚动体(2)处于工作状态时对滚动体(2)进行接触限位；保持架(1)在非工作面的部位设置有弹性锁止部，在滚动体(2)安装到兜孔(1p)的过程中，滚动体(2)与弹性锁止部接触并使其弹性变形之后越过弹性锁止部进入兜孔(1p)内，在滚动体(2)于兜孔(1p)内工作的过程中，滚动体(2)与弹性锁止部保持分离状态。由此，能够降低甚至消除滚动体从保持架的兜孔中脱出的风险，并且弹性锁止部不会发生不期望的损坏和磨耗。

Description

轴承 技术领域
本申请涉及轴承领域。
背景技术
图1A示出了一种可分离角接触球轴承，其包括组装在一起的保持架10、滚动体20(球体)、外圈30和内圈40。保持架10将多个滚动体20保持在外圈30和内圈40的滚道内。对于图1A示出的可分离角接触球轴承，由于在某些特定的应用工况下轴可能出现反向移动，紧配合在轴上的内圈40随之移动，造成轴承外圈30和内圈40的短暂分离(如图1B所示)。
进一步地，由于现有的保持架10一般为无限制型保持架(当外圈30和内圈40分离时滚动体20可以从内圈40那侧和外圈30那侧掉出)、内限制型保持架(当外圈30和内圈40分离时滚动体20可以从外圈30那侧掉出)或外限制型保持架(当外圈30和内圈40分离时滚动体20可以从内圈40那侧掉出)，因此当外圈30和内圈40分离时不能避免滚动体20从保持架10的兜孔中脱出的风险。而且，一旦发生滚动体20从保持架10的兜孔中脱出，则轴承将不能继续使用。
发明内容
基于上述现有技术的缺陷而做出了本申请。本申请的目的在于提供一种轴承，其能够降低甚至消除在外圈和内圈分离的情况下滚动体从保持架的兜孔中脱出的风险。
为了实现上述发明目的，本申请采用如下的技术方案。
本申请提供了一种如下的轴承，其具有轴向、径向和周向，所述轴承包 括保持架、多个滚动体、外圈和内圈，所述保持架形成有在所述周向上分布的多个兜孔，所述滚动体安装于所述兜孔内，每个所述兜孔的侧壁形成有工作面，所述工作面能够在所述滚动体处于工作状态时对所述滚动体进行接触限位，
其中，所述保持架在非所述工作面的部位设置有弹性锁止部，在所述滚动体安装到所述兜孔的过程中，所述滚动体与所述弹性锁止部接触并使其弹性变形之后越过所述弹性锁止部进入所述兜孔内；在所述滚动体于所述兜孔内工作的过程中，所述滚动体与所述弹性锁止部保持分离状态。
在一种可选的方案中，所述滚动体被形成为球体，所述工作面为球面的一部分。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述保持架包括固定在一起的两个边梁和多个过梁，
所述边梁均沿着所述周向在整周上连续地延伸，
所述过梁沿着所述轴向延伸且每个所述过梁的两端分别与两个所述边梁相连，
通过所述边梁和所述过梁包围形成所述兜孔，所述弹性锁止部设置于所述边梁。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述边梁形成有沿着所述周向延伸的第一环槽，所述第一环槽形成有在径向上开放的开口，所述边梁的位于所述第一环槽的轴向内侧的壁部形成为所述弹性锁止部。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述边梁形成有沿着所述周向延伸的第二环槽，所述第二环槽形成有在所述轴向上开放的开口，所述边梁的径向壁部的与所述第二环槽邻接的部分形成为所述弹性锁止部。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述轴承包括弹性环，所述弹性环由弹性材料 制成且沿着所述周向延伸，所述弹性环固定设置于所述边梁的轴向内侧壁部。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述边梁的轴向内侧壁部形成有收纳槽，所述弹性环嵌入所述收纳槽中。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述弹性材料为橡胶，所述弹性环硫化成型于所述边梁或者所述弹性环粘结于所述边梁。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述轴承为角接触球轴承。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述弹性锁止部位于所述工作面的径向内侧；并且/或者所述弹性锁止部位于所述工作面的径向外侧。
通过采用上述技术方案，本申请提供了一种新型的轴承，该轴承的保持架在非工作面的部位处设置有弹性锁止部。一方面，该弹性锁止部被构造成使得滚动体在安装到兜孔的过程中与弹性锁止部接触并使其弹性变形后越过弹性锁止部进入兜孔中，并且在滚动体安装到兜孔之后滚动体与弹性锁止部分离，弹性锁止部解除弹性变形。这样，即使轴承的外圈和内圈分离，由于弹性锁止部的存在，滚动体在从兜孔脱出的过程中会受到阻碍，因而能够大幅降低甚至消除在外圈和内圈分离的情况下滚动体从保持架的兜孔中脱出的风险。另一方面，滚动体在安装到兜孔之后且在兜孔内工作的过程中与弹性锁止部始终处于分离状态。这样，在轴承正常工作的过程中，弹性锁止部不会对滚动体的正常动作产生干扰，而且弹性锁止部不会发生不期望的损坏和磨耗。
附图说明
图1A是一种现有的角接触球轴承的局部剖视示意图，其中该轴承处于正常状态。
图1B是图1A中的角接触球轴承的另一局部剖视示意图，其中该轴承处 于分离状态。
图2A是根据本申请的第一实施例的轴承的局部剖视示意图。
图2B是图2A中的轴承的保持架的局部剖视示意图。
图2C是图2A中的区域S1的放大示意图。
图3是根据本申请的第二实施例的轴承的保持架的局部剖视示意图。
图4A是根据本申请的第三实施例的轴承的局部剖视示意图。
图4B是图4A中的轴承的保持架的局部剖视示意图。
图4C是图4A中的区域S2的放大示意图。
图5是根据本申请的第四实施例的轴承的保持架的局部剖视示意图。
附图标记说明
10保持架 20滚动体 30外圈 40内圈
1保持架 2滚动体 3外圈 4内圈
1p兜孔 1s工作面 11边梁 11c收纳槽 11c1第一环槽 11c2第二环槽 111第一薄壁部 112第二薄壁部 12过梁 13第一弹性环 14第二弹性环
A轴向 R径向。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图描述本申请的示例性实施例。应当理解，这些具体的说明仅用于示教本领域技术人员如何实施本申请，而不用于穷举本申请的所有可行的方式，也不用于限制本申请的范围。
在本申请中，如无特殊说明，“轴向”、“径向”和“周向”分别是指轴承(保持架)的轴向、径向和周向。进一步地，“轴向内侧”是指靠近轴承(保持架)的轴向中心线的那侧，“轴向外侧”是指远离轴承(保持架)的 轴向中心线的那侧；“轴向一侧”是指图2A、图2B、图3、图4A、图4B、图5中的左侧，“轴向另一侧”是指图2A、图2B、图3、图4A、图4B、图5中的右侧。进一步地，“径向内侧”是指在径向上接近轴承的中心轴线的那侧，也就是图2A、图2B、图2C、图3、图4A、图4B、图5中的下侧，“径向外侧”是指在径向上远离轴承的中心轴线的那侧，也就是图2A、图2B、图2C、图3、图4A、图4B、图5中的上侧。
以下将结合说明书附图说明根据本申请的第一实施例的轴承的结构。
(根据本申请的第一实施例的轴承)
如图2A所示，根据本申请的第一实施例的轴承为角接触球轴承，该轴承整体形成为环形形状。根据本申请的第一实施例的轴承包括组装在一起的保持架1、多个滚动体2(球体)、外圈3和内圈4，保持架1将多个滚动体2保持在外圈3和内圈4的滚道内。
具体地，如图2A和图2B所示，保持架1包括固定在一起的两个边梁11和多根过梁12。每个边梁11均沿着周向在整周上连续地延伸，两个边梁11在轴向A上间隔开。每个过梁12沿着轴向A延伸且每个过梁12的两端分别与两个边梁11相连。由此，在保持架1中通过边梁11和过梁12包围形成多个兜孔1p。多个兜孔1p在周向上彼此间隔开地均匀分布，每个滚动体2都安装于对应的兜孔1p内。每个兜孔1p的侧壁(即，由边梁11和过梁12限定的壁)形成为工作面1s，工作面1s用于在滚动体2处于工作状态时与滚动体2接触，并且对滚动体2进行限位，工作面1s为此受到滚动体2的作用力。在本实施例中，由于滚动体2被形成为例如钢等金属制成的球体，因此兜孔1p的工作面1s可以为球面的一部分。
进一步地，如图2B所示，边梁11的径向尺寸大于过梁12的径向尺寸，使得边梁11相对于过梁12朝向径向内侧凸出。为了降低甚至消除滚动体2从兜 孔1p朝向径向内侧脱出的风险，两个边梁11的径向内侧部均设置有第一弹性环13，该第一弹性环13由例如橡胶等的弹性材料制成，以用作弹性锁止部。具体地，位于轴向一侧的边梁11的轴向另一侧端壁形成有收纳槽11c，位于轴向另一侧的边梁11的轴向一侧端壁也形成有收纳槽11c。收纳槽11c沿着周向在整周上连续地延伸，第一弹性环13可以嵌入收纳槽11c中，从而与边梁11固定。而且，第一弹性环13从收纳槽11c中凸出，使得第一弹性环13能够发挥防止滚动体2从兜孔1p脱出的作用。
这样，如图2A至图2C所示，作为弹性锁止部的第一弹性环13设置在兜孔1p的径向内侧，滚动体2在安装到兜孔1p的过程中能够与第一弹性环13接触并使其弹性变形，之后滚动体2越过第一弹性环13进入兜孔1p中；在滚动体2安装到兜孔1p之后，滚动体2与第一弹性环13脱离接触，第一弹性环13解除弹性变形。这样，即使轴承的外圈3和内圈4发生分离，由于作为弹性锁止部的第一弹性环13的存在，也能够阻止滚动体2从兜孔1p朝向径向内侧脱出。另外，第一弹性环13被定位在保持架1的非工作面的部位处，并且参见图2C，第一弹性环13朝向滚动体2最凸出的部位被设置成比工作面1s的延长线靠外侧。这样，滚动体2在兜孔1p内工作的过程中与第一弹性环13始终保持分离状态，也就是说第一弹性环13不会对滚动体2的正常工作产生不利影响的同时，也避免了第一弹性环13发生磨耗或损坏。另外，在可选的方案中，为了防止第一弹性环13嵌入收纳槽11c之后可能发生脱出的问题，第一弹性环13在嵌入收纳槽11c中的同时与边梁11粘结固定在一起，或者收纳槽11c可以形成为槽宽(径向尺寸)从槽底朝向槽口逐渐变小，第一弹性环13的截面直径大于槽口的槽宽，由此进一步保证在第一弹性环13嵌入收纳槽11c之后从收纳槽11c脱出。
(根据本申请的第二实施例的轴承)
根据本申请的第二实施例的轴承的结构与根据本申请的第一实施例的轴承的结构基本相同，以下主要说明两者之间的不同之处。
在本实施例中，如图3所示，以第二弹性环14作为弹性锁止部，但是省略了在第一实施例中说明的收纳槽11c。第二弹性环14可以由橡胶制成，第二弹性环14的截面形状形成为扁平的片状，并且第二弹性环14通过硫化成型固定于边梁11。通过调节第二弹性环14的轴向厚度，使得其能够发挥与第一实施例中的第一弹性环13相同的作用。
(根据本申请的第三实施例的轴承)
根据本申请的第三实施例的轴承的结构与根据本申请的第一实施例的轴承的结构基本相同，以下主要说明两者之间的不同之处。
在本实施例中，如图4A至图4C所示，边梁11形成有沿着周向在整周上连续地延伸的第一环槽11c1，第一环槽11c1形成有在径向R上朝向径向内侧开放的开口，且第一环槽11c1的深度方向与径向R基本一致。边梁11的轴向壁部的与第一环槽11c1邻接的部分(位于第一环槽11c1的轴向内侧的部分)形成为作为弹性锁止部的第一薄壁部111。第一薄壁部111的轴向厚度较小，有利于在安装滚动体2的过程中发生弹性变形。可以理解，第一薄壁部111能够发挥与第一实施例中的第一弹性环13相同的作用。
(根据本申请的第四实施例的轴承)
根据本申请的第四实施例的轴承的结构与根据本申请的第三实施例的轴承的结构基本相同，以下主要说明两者之间的不同之处。
在本实施例中，如图5所示，边梁11形成有沿着周向在整周上连续地延伸的第二环槽11c2，第二环槽11c2形成有在轴向A上开放的开口且第二环槽11c2的深度方向与轴向A基本一致。两个边梁11形成有朝向彼此开放的第二环槽11c2，具体地，位于轴向一侧的边梁11的轴向端壁形成有朝向轴向另一 侧开放的开口，位于轴向另一侧的边梁11的轴向端壁形成有朝向轴向一侧开放的开口。这样，边梁11的径向壁部的与第二环槽11c2邻接(位于第二环槽11c2的径向内侧)的部分形成为作为弹性锁止部的第二薄壁部112。第二薄壁部112的径向厚度较小，有利于在安装滚动体2的过程中发生弹性变形。可以理解，第二薄壁部112能够发挥与第一实施例中的第一弹性环13相同的作用。
本申请不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员在本申请的教导下可以对本申请的上述实施例做出各种变型，而不脱出本申请的范围。另外，还进行以下说明。
i.在以上的具体实施例中说明了弹性锁止部位于兜孔1p(工作面1s)的径向内侧，但是本申请不限于此。
可以理解，当保持架1为无限制型(当外圈3和内圈4分离时滚动体2可以从内圈4那侧和外圈3那侧掉出)的保持架1时，可以在兜孔1p(工作面1s)的径向内侧和径向外侧均设置弹性锁止部；当保持架1为内限制型(当外圈3和内圈4分离时滚动体2可以从外圈3那侧掉出)的保持架1时，可以在兜孔1p的径向外侧设置弹性锁止部；当保持架1为外限制型(当外圈3和内圈4分离时滚动体2可以从内圈4那侧掉出)的保持架1时，可以在兜孔1p的径向内侧设置弹性锁止部。由此，本申请的轴承在现有的保持架基础上进行了结构改变，在几乎不增加成本的情况下实现保持架对滚动体的锁止功能，充分降低了滚动体2从兜孔1p脱出的风险。
ii.在以上的具体实施例中说明了弹性锁止部沿着保持架1的周向在整周上连续地延伸，但是本申请不限于此。可以理解，只要弹性锁止部能够发挥阻止滚动体2从兜孔1p中脱出的作用，并且不会妨碍滚动体2正常动作。弹性锁止部可以被构造为在周向上断续地延伸的分段结构，甚至弹性锁止部可 以被构造为在周向上离散的点状结构。
iii.可以理解，无论采用弹性环13、14还是边梁11的一部分(薄壁部111、112)作为弹性锁止部，都可以调节弹性锁止部尺寸参数，来实现本申请的目的。对于采用弹性环13、14来作为弹性锁止部的保持架1，更进一步的优点是安装滚动体2时无需较大的安装力，另外也会消除安装过程中由于较大的过盈量带来的保持架1产生塑性变形的问题。对于采用边梁11的一部分(薄壁部111、112)作为弹性锁止部的保持架1，由于环槽11c1、11c2的存在，能够明显减小装配时的作用力。
iv.在进一步可选的方案中，本申请的轴承是套圈引导保持架的角接触球轴承。可以理解，本申请的方案在实现发明目的的同时不会影响滚动体的数量，因此能够保证轴承的承载能力。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种轴承，其具有轴向(A)、径向(R)和周向，所述轴承包括保持架(1)、多个滚动体(2)、外圈(3)和内圈(4)，所述保持架(1)形成有在所述周向上分布的多个兜孔(1p)，所述滚动体(2)安装于所述兜孔(1p)内，每个所述兜孔(1p)的侧壁形成有工作面(1s)，所述工作面(1s)能够在所述滚动体(2)处于工作状态时对所述滚动体(2)进行接触限位，
    其中，所述保持架(1)在非所述工作面(1s)的部位设置有弹性锁止部，在所述滚动体(2)安装到所述兜孔(1p)的过程中，所述滚动体(2)与所述弹性锁止部接触并使其弹性变形之后越过所述弹性锁止部进入所述兜孔(1p)内；在所述滚动体(2)于所述兜孔(1p)内工作的过程中，所述滚动体(2)与所述弹性锁止部保持分离状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述滚动体(2)被形成为球体，所述工作面(1s)为球面的一部分。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述保持架(1)包括固定在一起的两个边梁(11)和多个过梁(12)，
    所述边梁(11)均沿着所述周向在整周上连续地延伸，
    所述过梁(12)沿着所述轴向(A)延伸且每个所述过梁(12)的两端分别与两个所述边梁(11)相连，
    通过所述边梁(11)和所述过梁(12)包围形成所述兜孔(1p)，所述弹性锁止部设置于所述边梁(11)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述边梁(11)形成有沿着所述周向延伸的第一环槽(11c1)，所述第一环槽(11c1)形成有在径向(R)上开放的开口，所述边梁(11)的位于所述第一环槽(11c1)的轴向内侧的壁部形成为所述弹性锁止部。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述边梁(11)形成有沿 着所述周向延伸的第二环槽(11c2)，所述第二环槽(11c2)形成有在所述轴向(A)上开放的开口，所述边梁(11)的径向壁部的与所述第二环槽(11c2)邻接的部分形成为所述弹性锁止部。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述轴承包括弹性环(13、14)，所述弹性环(13、14)由弹性材料制成且沿着所述周向延伸，所述弹性环(13、14)固定设置于所述边梁(11)的轴向内侧壁部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述边梁(11)的轴向内侧壁部形成有收纳槽(11c)，所述弹性环(13)嵌入所述收纳槽(11c)中。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述弹性材料为橡胶，所述弹性环(14)硫化成型于所述边梁(11)或者所述弹性环(14)粘结于所述边梁(11)。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述轴承为角接触球轴承。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的轴承，其特征在于，
    所述弹性锁止部位于所述工作面(1s)的径向内侧；并且/或者
    所述弹性锁止部位于所述工作面(1s)的径向外侧。
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CN107191492A (zh) * 2016-03-15 2017-09-22 株式会社捷太格特 球轴承
JP2017180546A (ja) * 2016-03-29 2017-10-05 日本精工株式会社 スラスト玉軸受用銅合金製保持器及びスラスト玉軸受用銅合金製保持器を備えたスラスト玉軸受

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