WO2023232688A1 - Procédé de production d'un état défini d'un système électrochimique, dispositif de séparation, et convertisseur de puissance - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'un état défini d'un système électrochimique, dispositif de séparation, et convertisseur de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023232688A1
WO2023232688A1 PCT/EP2023/064212 EP2023064212W WO2023232688A1 WO 2023232688 A1 WO2023232688 A1 WO 2023232688A1 EP 2023064212 W EP2023064212 W EP 2023064212W WO 2023232688 A1 WO2023232688 A1 WO 2023232688A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
electrochemical system
precharging
converter
connections
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/064212
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander UNRU
Andreas Kluger
Michael Krug
Jose NAVARO
Original Assignee
Sma Solar Technology Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102022113897.6A external-priority patent/DE102022113897A1/de
Application filed by Sma Solar Technology Ag filed Critical Sma Solar Technology Ag
Publication of WO2023232688A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023232688A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04865—Voltage
    • H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators

Definitions

  • the application relates to a method for producing a defined state of an electrochemical system, which can be connected to an AC/DC converter for exchanging electrical power via at least one isolating switch of a isolating device, and to a isolating device with at least one isolating switch for connecting an electrochemical system to an AC/DC converter.
  • DC converter for exchanging electrical power.
  • Electrolyzers and power converters for connecting an electrolyzer to an alternating voltage network are known from the prior art.
  • a disconnecting device can be arranged between an electrolyzer and an AC/DC converter of the power converter, with which a connection between the electrolyzer and AC/DC converter can be established or disconnected as necessary via a disconnector.
  • the power converter can therefore have the separating device in addition to the AC/DC converter.
  • AC alternating current
  • DC direct current
  • An electrolyzer is a device in which a chemical reaction, i.e. a material conversion, is brought about with the help of electric current, so that, for example, electrolysis takes place.
  • the electrolyzer can be used in particular for the electrolytic production of hydrogen and oxygen from water.
  • a fuel cell as a galvanic cell converts the chemical reaction energy of an supplied fuel and an oxidizing agent into electrical energy.
  • fuel cell we often mean a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
  • Some fuel cells can also use fuels other than hydrogen, particularly methanol, butane or natural gas.
  • Fuel cells are also known that can be operated reversibly and can therefore serve as an electrolyzer.
  • Fuel cells and electrolyzers are examples of electrochemical systems.
  • the AC/DC converter connected to the electrochemical system can - depending on the desired direction of power exchange - electrical power in convert in both directions, i.e. as an inverter convert the direct current generated by a fuel cell into alternating current or as a rectifier generate the direct current required to operate an electrolyser from an alternating current.
  • the DC voltage of an electrolyzer can be reduced after stopping the electrolysis, i.e. in particular after stopping the production of e.g. B. hydrogen, remain at a high value for a longer period of time. Since a discharge of these systems, i.e. a reduction in voltage to a level that is considered safe, e.g. B. less than 50 volts can take several hours and up to a few days, any maintenance times on the electrolyser can be very long.
  • Load resistors can be used to discharge an electrolyzer or a fuel cell. These are only used temporarily for discharging, and their installation on a charged electrolyzer or fuel cell is not without danger.
  • GB 903426 A describes a process for the electrolytic production of insoluble metal hydroxide from metal electrodes in a suitable electrolyte by passing current between the electrodes.
  • a gel film created on the electrodes is elastically displaced from the surfaces of the electrodes before it hardens and crusts on the surfaces of the electrodes.
  • the document DE 102021 101440 A1 describes a method for precharging an electrochemical load via a precharging circuit that is arranged between a DC source and the electrochemical load.
  • the pre-charging circuit has a series connection of a pre-charging resistor and a circuit breaker, with a further circuit breaker being arranged parallel to the pre-charging resistor or parallel to the series circuit of pre-charging resistor and circuit breaker.
  • the method has several active time windows in which a power loss is generated at the precharging resistor which is above a nominal power of the precharging resistor.
  • the method also has one or more inactive time windows in which the current is suppressed by the precharging resistor.
  • the application is based on the task of improving the creation of a defined state of the electrochemical system.
  • An electrochemical system can be connected to an AC/DC converter for exchanging electrical power via circuit breakers of a disconnecting device.
  • the separating device has two DC inputs for connecting the AC/DC converter, two DC outputs for connecting the electrochemical system and two current paths. Each of the two current paths connects a DC input with a corresponding DC output.
  • a circuit breaker is arranged in at least one of the two current paths, optionally also in each of the two current paths, so that at least one of the DC connections, optionally also each of the two DC connections of the electrochemical system, is connected to the AC/DC via a circuit breaker. Converter is connected.
  • the isolating device also has a first switch via which an electrical connection can be established between the DC outputs.
  • a method for producing a defined state of an electrochemical system includes:
  • a power converter has the AC/DC converter and the isolating device.
  • the first operating state in which at least one of the DC connections of the electrochemical system is electrically isolated from the AC/DC converter, is e.g. B. the state when the at least one isolating switch of the isolating device is open.
  • the first operating state can also exist when the electrochemical system is separated from the AC/DC converter, e.g. B. if the electrochemical system no longer has a connection to the separating device or if the electrochemical system is still connected to the separating device, but the separating device no longer has a connection to the AC / DC converter.
  • the first switch of the isolating device provided for this purpose is closed, so that an electrical connection is established between the DC Connections are made and thus a discharge of the electrochemical system is made possible or brought about.
  • This allows a defined state of the electrochemical system to be created by discharging the electrochemical system via its now connected DC connections. This ensures that the connections of the electrochemical system, e.g. B. the electrolyzer, even if the electrochemical system would otherwise generate a voltage at its DC connections, for example due to internal electrochemical processes that are not based on the actual operation of the electrolyzer.
  • the method therefore also makes it possible to secure a maintenance process on the electrochemical system, e.g. B. the electrolyzer.
  • an electrochemical system in particular an electrolyzer or a fuel cell, can generate a significant DC voltage in certain process steps on its own and without a supply via a power converter, even if there is no connection to an AC voltage network, especially if there is no supply via the power converter or no power exchange with the AC/DC converter of the power converter.
  • An example of such a process step is when an electrolyzer is rinsed with clean water. This can happen after every maintenance of the electrolyzer and/or before every hydrogen production, whereby the electrolyzer is in the first operating state, i.e. H. is separated from the AC/DC converter.
  • the DC voltage at the connections of the electrolyser can rise to over 50V (i.e.
  • the method described makes it possible to bring the electrochemical system into a defined state and in particular to bring it into a safe state in which, in particular, maintenance can be carried out safely and unexpected electrical charges at the DC connections can be dissipated via the closed first switch can be. In this way, a voltage that would otherwise occur due to the electrical charges is reduced to the DC connections of the electrochemical system prevented, but at least reduced to a value that excludes danger to persons.
  • This makes it possible to carry out maintenance work on an electrochemical system, e.g. B. on an electrolyzer or a fuel cell to create a safe operating state.
  • the electrochemical system may be desirable to only separate the electrochemical system from the AC/DC converter using the isolating device. This may be the case, for example, if the electrochemical system has a ground on one of its DC connections, either on the positive or on the negative DC connection. In these cases, it can be advantageous if the current path of the isolating device that is connected to the grounded DC connection during normal operation of the electrochemical system does not have a isolating switch and a isolating switch is only arranged in the other current path. Alternatively, it may also be desirable to separate the electrochemical system from the AC/DC converter on all poles.
  • a circuit breaker can be arranged in each of the two current paths of the isolating device, which is designed to isolate the respective DC input from the DC output assigned to it. This is the case, for example, if the electrochemical system has a ground at a point that is arranged between both of its DC connections. Such a point may be a voltage midpoint of the electrochemical system such that the electrochemical system has a midpoint ground.
  • step a) is divided as follows: a.1) Before closing the first switch: measuring a voltage between the DC connections a.2) If the measured voltage falls below a predeterminable first threshold value: closing the first switch.
  • This embodiment can ensure that the voltage between the DC connections is not too high when the first switch is closed.
  • the first threshold value can be 50 V. This would mean that the first switch is only closed if the safety extra-low voltage falls below 50 V. This allows the first switch to be closed safely.
  • safe maintenance of the electrochemical system can be carried out when the first switch is then closed.
  • the closed first switch prevents voltage build-up between the two DC connections of the electrochemical system, which can be particularly dangerous if it is unexpected.
  • the DC connections are short-circuited by closing the first switch.
  • the provision of the first switch in the separating device enables the first switch to serve as a short-circuit switch, by means of which a defined, safe operating state of the electrochemical system, e.g.
  • the electrolyzer can be brought about by short-circuiting the two DC connections of the electrochemical system.
  • the short circuit creates a defined state in which no voltage can build up between the two connections.
  • the proposed solution therefore offers the possibility of a safe short circuit of the electrochemical system with little circuitry and is therefore cost-effective. Additional effort to carry out a short circuit directly on the electrochemical system is avoided because the first switch is provided within the isolating device. The additional connections otherwise required for a short circuit on the electrochemical system itself can be avoided. At the same time, such a short circuit can be carried out both gently for the electrochemical system and safely for the entire system, including the power converter with AC/DC converter and separating device.
  • the proposed solution creates an advantageous galvanic isolation between the electrochemical system and the AC/DC converter by first separating the AC/DC converter and then short-circuiting the electrochemical system. Maintenance work on the electrochemical system can then be carried out in a safe condition. When carrying out maintenance work only on the AC/DC converter, it may be sufficient to ensure galvanic isolation of the AC/DC converter from the electrochemical system, since the AC/DC converter can already provide fuses internally.
  • the DC connections are connected via an ohmic resistance by closing the first switch and the electrochemical system is discharged via the ohmic resistance.
  • the DC connections can be connected safely even if there is a higher voltage at the DC connections and the electrochemical system can be safely discharged via the first switch and the ohmic resistor.
  • the flowing discharge current is limited by the ohmic resistance.
  • the separating device has a precharging circuit in at least one current path that connects a DC input to a corresponding DC output.
  • the precharging circuit can be a series circuit consisting of a precharging resistor and have a pre-charging switch.
  • the series circuit can be arranged in parallel to the isolating switch in the relevant current path, so that the precharging resistor can be bridged with low resistance by the closed isolating switch.
  • the relevant DC connection of the electrochemical system can therefore be connected to the AC/DC converter via the pre-charging resistor and the pre-charging switch.
  • the ohmic resistance through which the electrochemical system is discharged can include at least one of the precharging resistors.
  • the ohmic resistance through which the electrochemical system is discharged can be designed as one of the precharging resistors.
  • the provision of the first switch as a component of the isolating device and the provision of the ohmic resistance as a component of the precharging circuit of the isolating device enables the first switch to serve as a switch via which the DC connections of the electrochemical system are connected, and that one of the Precharging resistors can serve as the resistor through which the electrochemical system is discharged.
  • This version offers a simple structure and reduces the circuit complexity, since the pre-charging resistor already present in the pre-charging circuit can be used as a resistor for discharging the electrochemical system.
  • the isolating device has a pre-charging circuit with a pre-charging switch and a pre-charging resistor arranged in series in each of the two current paths, so that each of the two DC connections of the electrochemical system has a pre-charging resistor and A pre-charging switch for pre-charging the electrochemical system can be connected to the AC/DC converter.
  • the ohmic resistance through which the electrochemical system is discharged can include one or two of the two precharging resistors. This can occur, for example, in an electrochemical system that has a center-point grounding.
  • the two precharging resistors can also have different resistance values, in particular resistance values that are different by an order of magnitude or by several orders of magnitude.
  • one of the Pre-charging resistors must be low-resistance and another high-resistance. In this way, the electrochemical system can be precharged via a low-resistance of the two precharge resistors, while the electrochemical system can be discharged via a high-resistance of the two precharge resistors.
  • step a) is followed by step b), in which a second switch for short-circuiting the DC connections is closed.
  • the first switch is initially closed and the electrochemical system is discharged via the ohmic resistance.
  • the second switch is then closed and the electrochemical system is short-circuited via the second switch.
  • step b) is divided as follows: b.1) Before closing the second switch: measuring the voltage between the DC connections b.2) If the measured voltage falls below a predeterminable second threshold value: closing the second switch.
  • step b.1) it can be checked by measuring the voltage between the DC connections whether the electrochemical system is already sufficiently discharged via the ohmic resistance in order to be able to safely close the second switch in b.2). This further increases the safety of the procedure.
  • the first operating state is established by opening the isolating switches and/or by disconnecting the isolating device from the AC/DC converter.
  • This step for assuming the first operating state advantageously precedes the previously described step a), so that the electrochemical system is electrically isolated from the AC/DC converter when in step a) the first switch of the isolating device is used to establish an electrical connection between the DC -Connections of the electrochemical system are closed.
  • the separating device can be used to create a safe state.
  • the AC/DC The converter already has an all-pole separation to the DC side, which can be used to establish the first operating state.
  • the electrochemical system is connected to the separating device and this is connected to the AC/DC converter.
  • an electrolyzer can be supplied with electrical power via the AC / DC converter from an AC source, in particular from an AC network.
  • a fuel cell can exchange electrical power with an AC sink, in particular with the AC network, via the AC/DC converter when the circuit breaker of the circuit breaker is closed.
  • the method includes the following:
  • the electrochemical system can be discharged via the ohmic resistance and then a short circuit can be produced between the DC connections by closing the second switch.
  • this safe state e.g. B. maintenance of the electrochemical system can be carried out.
  • the second operating state is preceded by a precharging operating state.
  • the electrochemical system can be charged via one of the precharging resistors with a closed precharging switch. If the separating device has a pre-charging circuit with a pre-charging switch and a pre-charging resistor in each of its two current paths, it is also possible for the electrochemical system to be charged via the pre-charging resistors in the pre-charging operating state with two pre-charging switches closed.
  • the electrochemical system is supplied with electrical power for a while via the precharging resistors and thus precharged.
  • a start can e.g. B. done so that the electrochemical system z. B. is connected to the AC/DC converter via the separating device and both the pre-charging switch(es) and the circuit breaker(s) are open.
  • the electrochemical system can then first be precharged via the precharging circuit or circuits by closing the existing precharging switches. Once pre-charging has ended, you can switch to the second operating state by closing the isolating switch(es).
  • the pre-charging switch/switches can be opened again, although this does not necessarily have to be done.
  • the second operating state can in particular include normal operation of the electrochemical system and last for some time, for example a few hours or days.
  • the electrochemical system can be discharged via the ohmic resistance and then a short circuit can be produced between the DC connections by closing the second switch.
  • this safe state e.g. B. maintenance of the electrochemical system can be carried out.
  • the first switch and/or the second switch may comprise a normally closed switch.
  • a "normally closed switch”, or also called an “opener”, is a switch that assumes a closed state and/or remains in a closed state on its own initiative and without a control signal applied to the switch. Furthermore, the open state of the The switch is only brought about via a control signal applied to the switch. It must therefore be opened actively and usually with energy expenditure. Designing the first switch as a normally-closed switch, and possibly also the second switch as a normally-closed switch, is particularly advantageous if if an arrangement that includes the electrochemical system and a power converter for supplying the electrochemical system has an emergency shutdown device.
  • Such an emergency shutdown device is intended to ensure that when it is activated, an exchange of power on the input side between the power converter of the arrangement and the network is reliably prevented and additionally that the electrochemical system of the arrangement assumes a safe state.
  • the control of components of the arrangement is also deliberately prevented. This means that after the emergency shutdown has been triggered, active control of switches in the separation unit is also prevented and can no longer take place.
  • the first switch, and possibly also the second switch are designed as a normally closed switch, Each of these switches assumes the closed state after the emergency shutdown device has been activated.
  • the first switch and/or the second switch can each be coupled to an emergency shutdown device in such a way that each of these switches switches to its normally closed state in response to actuation of the emergency shutdown device accepts.
  • the second switch can also have a voltage monitoring or a time delay element. This ensures that the second switch only assumes its normally closed state after a time delay compared to the first switch and that a hard short-circuiting of both DC connections too early, i.e. when a significant DC voltage is still present, as well as an associated high short-circuit current can be prevented become. In this way, the electrochemical system can be safely discharged and/or short-circuited even if the first switch and possibly also the second switch of the isolating device are no longer activated.
  • a DC output of the disconnecting device can be connected to a DC connection of the electrochemical system.
  • the isolating device further has a first switch via which an electrical connection can be established between the DC outputs.
  • the DC outputs can be connected via an ohmic resistor by closing the first switch.
  • the isolating device is designed to discharge the electrochemical system connected to the DC outputs via the ohmic resistance when the first switch is closed.
  • the isolating device has DC inputs that can be connected to the AC/DC converter.
  • the separating device has a precharging circuit, via which the DC outputs can be connected to the DC inputs via a respective precharging resistor and a respective precharging switch for precharging the electrochemical system.
  • the ohmic resistance through which the electrochemical system can be discharged includes at least one of the precharging resistors. In one embodiment, the ohmic resistance through which the electrochemical system can be discharged is one of the precharging resistors.
  • An arrangement according to the invention has the power converter, the electrochemical system and a system controller for controlling the arrangement.
  • the system control is an information processing system that is designed and set up to carry out the method described above.
  • Figs. 1, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b show various embodiments of a power converter with an electrochemical system.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically an electrochemical system 14, e.g. B. an electrolyzer or a fuel cell, which is connected to an AC network 18 via a power converter 10 and a transformer 16.
  • the AC network 18 is z. B. an alternating voltage network of an energy supplier.
  • the power converter 10 has an AC/DC converter 12 and a separating device 20.
  • the AC/DC converter 12 has a clocked semiconductor circuit and can convert alternating voltage into direct voltage or alternating current into direct current and vice versa.
  • the semiconductor circuit of the AC/DC converter 12 is controlled by a system controller 30.
  • the system controller 30 may be part of the power converter 10 and includes hardware such as. B. has a processor and memory and is set up and designed to execute computer program instructions of software.
  • the electrochemical system 14 is connected to the AC/DC converter 12 via the separating device 20.
  • the separating device 20 has two current paths 41, 42, each of which connects a DC input 26, 28 to a DC output assigned to the DC input 26, 28.
  • the isolating device 20 illustrated in FIG. 1 is designed as an example with all poles, ie it has a isolating switch TS for each of the DC connections of the electrochemical system, that is to say in each of its two current paths 41, 42.
  • both DC connections DC+, DC- of the electrochemical system 14 are each connected to one pole, i.e. a DC output 22, 24, of the separating device 20.
  • Each DC connection DC+, DC- of the electrochemical system 14 can be connected to or separated from the AC/DC converter 12 via the respective isolating switch TS.
  • Each of the circuit breakers TS is optionally protected by a fuse F1, F2.
  • the respective DC inputs 26, 28 of the separating device are each connected to a DC-side connection of the AC/DC converter.
  • the electrochemical system 14 is separated from the AC/DC converter 12 on all poles. This corresponds to a first operating state of an arrangement that includes the electrochemical system 14 and the power converter 10.
  • the voltage present between the DC connections DC+ and DC- can be measured via the voltmeter V and monitored by the system controller 30.
  • the electrochemical system 14 is discharged. Depending on the charging status, this may take a while, e.g. B. a few hours or a few days.
  • the charge state of the electrochemical system 14 can be detected via the voltmeter V and it can be determined whether a state of charge has been reached in which a first switch S1 can be safely closed. This is e.g. This is the case, for example, when the protective extra-low voltage falls below 50 V.
  • Such a detection of the charging state and such a closing of the first switch S1 can z. B. can be controlled by the system controller 30.
  • the electrochemical system 14 can be safely maintained. Even if the electrochemical system 14 should generate an unexpected DC voltage at its DC connections DC+ and DC- and thus possibly also within the electrochemical system 14, this voltage is controlled by the safe (external) connection of the DC connections DC+ and DC - Dismantled via the closed first switch S1.
  • circuit breakers TS When the circuit breakers TS are closed, electrical power can be exchanged between the electrochemical system 14 via the power converter 10 and the transformer 16 with the AC network 18. This corresponds to a second operating state of the arrangement. In the second operating state, the current flowing during the exchange of electrical power can be measured via the ammeter A and evaluated by the system controller 30, for example. B. to avoid exceeding a maximum value.
  • the separating device 20 is equipped with an all-pole DC pre-charging unit.
  • a precharging circuit with a series circuit consisting of a precharging switch VS and a precharging resistor R1, R2 is arranged in each of the current paths 41, 42 of the isolating device 20 in parallel to the isolating switch TS and the optional fuse F1.
  • Each of the two poles ie each of the two DC connections DC+, DC- of the electrochemical system 14, is connected to one of the DC outputs 22, 24 of the isolating device 20.
  • Each of the precharging circuits has one of the precharging resistors R1, R2, via which the electrochemical system 14 can be charged when the precharging switches VS are closed.
  • Each of the precharging circuits is optionally protected by fuses F3, F4.
  • the precharging circuits of the separator 20 can be used to e.g. B. to pre-charge an electrolyser down to an open-circuit voltage of the AC / DC converter 12 before the circuit breaker TS be closed and power is exchanged via the power converter, so that e.g. B. hydrogen production takes place.
  • the separating device 20 has the first switch S1.
  • the first switch S1 is exemplarily connected with one of its contacts to a connection point between the pre-charging switch VS and the pre-charging resistor R1 of the pre-charging circuit assigned to the positive current path 41, while the second contact is connected to the negative DC output 24 of the isolating device.
  • the first switch S1 it is also possible for the first switch S1 to be connected with one of its contacts to the connection point between the pre-charging switch VS and the pre-charging resistor R2 of the pre-charging circuit assigned to the negative current path 42, while the second contact is connected to the positive DC output 22 of the isolating device 20 is connected (not shown in Fig. 2a).
  • the first switch S1 is also possible for the first switch S1 to be connected with one of its contacts to the connection point between the precharge switch VS and the precharge resistor R1 of the precharge circuit assigned to the positive current path 41, while its other contact is connected to the connection point between the precharge switch VS and the precharge resistor R2 is connected to the precharging circuit assigned to the negative current path 42 (not shown in Fig. 2a).
  • a safe operating state of the electrochemical system 14 can be achieved by closing the first switch S1, for example. B. initiated for maintenance purposes.
  • the two DC outputs 22, 24 and the associated DC connections DC+, DC- are connected to one another via the pre-charging resistor R1, via the pre-charging resistor R2 or via a series connection of the pre-charging resistors R1 and R2.
  • the electrochemical system 14 can discharge via the respective pre-charging resistor R1, R2 or the pre-charging resistors R1 and R2 and in the event of unexpected voltages occurring at the DC connections DC+, DC-, these can be discharged via the respective pre-charging resistor R1, R2 or the pre-charging resistors R1 and R2 can be broken down.
  • an intermediate circuit of the AC/DC converter 12 can also be discharged via the precharging circuits shown in FIG. 2a.
  • the pre-charging switch VS can also be closed, so that the intermediate circuit of the AC/DC converter 12 is discharged via the pre-charging resistor R2.
  • the switches TS, VS and/or S1 can be controlled, for example. B. done by the system controller 30.
  • An all-pole isolating separating device 20, each with a isolating switch TS and a precharging circuit in each of the current paths 41, 42, is particularly advantageous if the electrochemical system 14, as symbolized in FIG. 2a, has a center point grounding.
  • the arrangement can additionally have an optional emergency shutdown device 31, which is designed, when actuated, to disconnect the AC/DC converter on the AC side and DC side, ie it on the AC side from the AC network and on the DC side from the electrochemical system 14 to separate. It may be necessary that the electrochemical system 14 is additionally safely discharged, even if activation of the separating device 20 by the system control unit 30 is prevented due to the actuation of the emergency shutdown device 31.
  • the first switch S1 can be designed as a normally closed switch, which assumes its closed state on its own, ie in the absence of a control signal.
  • the first switch S1 is coupled to the emergency shutdown device 31 in such a way that when the emergency shutdown device 31 is actuated, it assumes its normally closed state and discharges the electrochemical system 14.
  • the separating device 20 has, in addition to the first switch S1, a second switch S2 and optionally the voltmeter V.
  • a safe operating state of the electrochemical system 14 can be achieved by closing the first switch S1, for example. B. initiated for maintenance purposes.
  • the two DC outputs 22, 24 and the associated DC connections DC+, DC- are connected to one another via the precharging resistor R1.
  • the electrochemical system 14 can discharge via the precharging resistor R1.
  • the voltage present between the DC outputs 22, 24 can be measured via the voltmeter V and it can thereby be determined whether and to what extent an electrochemical system 14 connected to the DC outputs 22, 24 is (still) charged. Is the voltage measured by the voltmeter V small enough, e.g. B. below a predeterminable threshold value of z. B. 50 V, the second switch S2 can be closed. The voltage on the electrochemical system 14 can optionally be reduced by discharging via the precharging resistor R1. By closing the second switch S2, the DC outputs 22, 24 are short-circuited and if voltages occur unexpectedly at the DC connections DC+, DC- connected to the DC outputs 22, 24, these can be reduced directly via the short circuit.
  • the control of the switches TS, VS, S1 and/or S2 as well as the measurement of the voltage using the voltmeter V and the determination of the state of charge of the electrochemical system 14 connected to the DC outputs 22, 24 can, for. B. done by the system controller 30.
  • the second switch S2 can also be designed as a normally closed switch S1 - analogous to the first switch S1. It can also have an independently operating time delay element or an autonomously operating voltage monitor. This ensures that the second switch S2 only assumes its normally closed state after the first switch S1 or when the voltage falls below a predefined voltage. This is particularly advantageous if the arrangement has an emergency shutdown device 31, the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 being coupled to the emergency shutdown device 31 in such a way that they assume their normally closed state when the emergency shutdown device 31 is actuated .
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b show further embodiments of an arrangement in which an electrochemical system 14 is connected to an AC network 18 via a power converter 10, comprising an AC/DC converter 12 and a separating device 20, and a transformer 16 .
  • the embodiments in FIGS. 3a and 3b are similar in many features to those in FIG. 2b. illustrated embodiment. Therefore, the differences from the embodiment in FIG. 2b are mainly explained below, while reference is made to the description of the figures in FIG. 2b for the identical features.
  • the disconnecting device in FIG. 3a has only a single-pole disconnection with a disconnector TS in the positive current path 41.
  • the negative current path 42 is free of a circuit breaker TS.
  • a precharging circuit with a precharging switch VS and a precharging resistor R1 is only arranged between the positive DC input 26 and the positive DC output 22, which is therefore assigned to the positive current path 41.
  • the separating device 20 also has a first switch S1, which connects a connection point between the pre-charging switch VS and the pre-charging resistor R1 of the pre-charging circuit assigned to the positive current path 41 to the negative DC output 24.
  • the isolating device 20 can optionally also have the second switch S2, which can short-circuit the two DC outputs 22, 24 of the isolating device 20, and thus the DC connections DC-, DC+ of the electrochemical system 14.
  • the optional second switch S2 and its arrangement are symbolized by dashed lines.
  • the second switch S2 can also be designed, analogously to the first switch S1, as a normally closed switch, which assumes its closed state on its own, ie in the absence of a control signal.
  • the second switch S2 can additionally have a (autonomously operating) time delay element or an autonomously operating voltage monitor (not shown in FIG. 3a).
  • the embodiment in Fig. 3b differs from that in Fig. 3a in that the isolating switch TS and the precharging circuit consisting of precharging switch VS and precharging resistor R2 are arranged between the negative DC input 28 and the negative DC output 24 of the isolating device 20, and is therefore assigned to the negative current path 42 of the separating device 20.
  • the first switch S1 here connects a connection point between the pre-charging switch VS and the pre-charging resistor R2 of the pre-charging circuit with the positive DC output 22 of the isolating device 20 and thus with the positive DC connection DC+ of the electrochemical system 14.
  • the pre-charging circuit assigned to the negative current path 42 is particularly advantageous if the electrochemical system 14 has a ground at its positive DC connection DC+.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'un état défini d'un système électrochimique (14) qui peut être connecté à un convertisseur c.a./c.c. (12) via un commutateur de déconnecteur (TS) d'un dispositif de déconnexion (20) afin d'échanger une puissance électrique, au moins une connexion c.c. (c.c.+, c.c.-) du système électrochimique (14) étant connectée au convertisseur c.a./c.c. via le commutateur de déconnecteur (TS) du dispositif de déconnexion (20). Le procédé comprend l'étape suivante : dans un premier état de fonctionnement dans lequel l'au moins une connexion c.c. (c.c.+, c.c.-) est électriquement déconnectée du convertisseur c.a./c.c. (12) : a) un premier commutateur (S1) du dispositif de déconnexion (20) est fermé afin de produire une connexion électrique entre les connexions c.c. (c.c.+, c.c.-) du système électrochimique. L'invention concerne de plus un dispositif de déconnexion, un convertisseur de puissance comprenant un tel dispositif de déconnexion, et un ensemble comprenant un système électrochimique (14) et un tel convertisseur de puissance.
PCT/EP2023/064212 2022-06-02 2023-05-26 Procédé de production d'un état défini d'un système électrochimique, dispositif de séparation, et convertisseur de puissance WO2023232688A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022113897.6A DE102022113897A1 (de) 2022-06-02 2022-06-02 Verfahren zum herstellen eines definierten zustandes eines elektrochemischen systems, trennvorrichtung und leistungswandler
DE102022113897.6 2022-06-02
DE102023101374.2 2023-01-20
DE102023101374 2023-01-20

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB903426A (en) 1958-11-17 1962-08-15 Paul Salmon Roller Electrolytic production of metal hydroxide
DE102007050377A1 (de) * 2007-10-22 2009-04-23 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem mit zumindest einer Brennstoffzelle
JP5014923B2 (ja) * 2007-08-23 2012-08-29 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池システム及び車両
DE102015224227A1 (de) * 2015-06-24 2016-12-29 Hyundai Motor Company Leistungsnetzsystem eines Brennstoffzellenfahrzeugs und Verfahren zum Steuern desselben
DE102021101440A1 (de) 2020-03-20 2021-09-23 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren zum vorladen einer elektrochemischen last, vorladeschaltung zur durchführung des verfahrens und gleichrichter mit einer vorladeschaltung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB903426A (en) 1958-11-17 1962-08-15 Paul Salmon Roller Electrolytic production of metal hydroxide
JP5014923B2 (ja) * 2007-08-23 2012-08-29 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池システム及び車両
DE102007050377A1 (de) * 2007-10-22 2009-04-23 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem mit zumindest einer Brennstoffzelle
DE102015224227A1 (de) * 2015-06-24 2016-12-29 Hyundai Motor Company Leistungsnetzsystem eines Brennstoffzellenfahrzeugs und Verfahren zum Steuern desselben
DE102021101440A1 (de) 2020-03-20 2021-09-23 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren zum vorladen einer elektrochemischen last, vorladeschaltung zur durchführung des verfahrens und gleichrichter mit einer vorladeschaltung

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