WO2023231062A1 - 软水结构及其再生方法 - Google Patents

软水结构及其再生方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023231062A1
WO2023231062A1 PCT/CN2022/097682 CN2022097682W WO2023231062A1 WO 2023231062 A1 WO2023231062 A1 WO 2023231062A1 CN 2022097682 W CN2022097682 W CN 2022097682W WO 2023231062 A1 WO2023231062 A1 WO 2023231062A1
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soft water
water unit
unit group
regeneration
water softening
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PCT/CN2022/097682
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙瑛
瞿亚明
吴艳阳
黄东明
马智慧
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开能健康科技集团股份有限公司
华东理工大学
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Publication of WO2023231062A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023231062A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J49/60—Cleaning or rinsing ion-exchange beds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J49/75—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor of water softeners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of water treatment, and in particular to a soft water structure utilizing the principle of ion exchange; and a regeneration method of the soft water structure.
  • Water softeners mainly use ion exchange resin for ion exchange. Calcium and magnesium ions in the water are adsorbed by the resin, thereby reducing the hardness of the water. When the ion exchange resin reaches adsorption saturation, the resin needs to go through a regeneration process to restore its softening ability. Generally, a certain concentration of Sodium chloride solution achieves the effect of resin regeneration. For households with large daily water consumption or when the water quality in some areas is hard, especially for small water softeners with low equipment height (installed under the kitchen), the water softener will undergo multiple regeneration processes a day. The resin in the series process will not soften the water when it is regenerated. At this time, the water softener cannot achieve a 24-hour continuous supply of soft water.
  • the resin In order to meet the water softening requirements in the parallel process, the resin needs to be regenerated frequently, and the resin utilization rate is low, resulting in a waste of regenerant and water resources. Moreover, the soft water flow rate of the equipment is limited by the height of the resin bed, and it cannot provide a large flow of soft water.
  • the existing technology usually uses larger water softeners, which are usually installed in equipment rooms or equipment balconies (larger installation space) to meet the needs of high soft water flow in areas with high hardness water quality. However, due to the large size of the equipment, it is difficult to meet the installation space. Limited space usage requirements.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a soft water structure that is used in areas with high hardness water quality, is smaller in size than existing technical equipment, and can realize uninterrupted continuous supply of soft water.
  • the invention also provides a regeneration method for the soft water structure.
  • the present invention provides a water softening structure for a water softener, including:
  • the first-stage soft water unit group includes A parallel-connected soft water units, which are connected in series with the second-stage soft water unit group, A ⁇ 1;
  • the second-stage soft water unit group includes B parallel-connected soft water units, B ⁇ 1;
  • a controller that can control the switching device to disconnect a certain soft water unit that needs to be regenerated according to the adsorption amount of the soft water unit;
  • the control switching device connects the regenerated soft water unit in parallel to the second-level soft water unit group, and simultaneously controls a certain soft water unit in the second-level soft water unit group to be connected in parallel to the first-level soft water unit group;
  • a switching device which is installed at the main water inlet to connect each softening unit respectively, and which can control each softening unit to be connected in parallel or disconnected from a certain softening unit group according to the instructions of the controller;
  • the described soft water structure is further improved.
  • the second stage soft water unit group is used to supplement the softening of the leaked hardness of the first stage soft water unit group.
  • the second stage is configured according to the water production situation of the first stage soft water unit group. The number of soft water units in the soft water unit group.
  • the soft water structure is further improved.
  • the first-stage soft water unit group is used to soften high-hardness incoming water
  • the second-stage soft water unit group is used to supplementally soften the incoming water.
  • the incoming water Situation configures the number of water softening units in the first level water softening unit group.
  • the water inflow conditions include incoming water flow rate, water quality and other parameters used in the art to determine the number of water softening units.
  • the second-level soft water unit group passively supplements the hardness leakage of the first-level soft water unit group.
  • the water quality of the first-level soft water unit group cannot meet the corresponding standards due to the need for regeneration or other reasons (failure or water inflow exceeding the designed maximum flow rate, etc.).
  • the second-level soft water unit group constitutes the first-level soft water unit group. Back up, add softening.
  • the control switching device actively allows the water produced by the first-level soft water unit group to contain a certain hardness.
  • the second-level soft water unit group does not serve as a backup for the first-level soft water unit group. Instead, in order to improve the utilization rate of resin and regenerant, the first-level soft water unit group can be fully utilized as long as possible.
  • This working condition actively allows the water produced by the first-level soft water unit group to contain a certain hardness, and the second-level soft water unit is allowed to have a certain hardness.
  • Unit groups are supplemented with softening.
  • the water softening structure is further improved, and the water softening unit is a resin tank.
  • the height-to-diameter ratio of the resin tank is 0.5-20.
  • further improving the soft water structure also includes:
  • the flow limiting device is connected to the water inlet or outlet of each soft water unit of the first-stage soft water unit group.
  • the present invention also provides a method for regenerating the soft water structure described in any one of the above, including the following steps:
  • the controller collects specified operating parameters to calculate the adsorption amount of each soft water unit. If the adsorption amount of a certain soft water unit is greater than the adsorption threshold or the working time is greater than the time threshold, the switching device is controlled to disconnect the soft water unit, and the soft water unit enters regeneration;
  • Operating parameters include but are not limited to working flow, working hours, cumulative processing capacity, produced water hardness, and incoming water hardness.
  • the adsorption amount is calculated through existing technical means.
  • the controller controls the switching device to connect the soft water unit in parallel to another soft water unit group, and connect a certain soft water unit in the other soft water unit group in parallel to the original soft water unit that has completed regeneration.
  • step S3 select the soft water unit with the smallest adsorption capacity or the shortest working time in another soft water unit group and connect it in parallel to the soft water unit group to which the regenerated soft water unit originally belongs.
  • the inlet water hardness range is 50mg/L-2000mg/L
  • the inlet water flow range is 0.01m 3 /h-9m 3 /h
  • the inlet water temperature range is 4°C-70°C
  • the time threshold range is 10min-1500min.
  • the concentration range of the regenerated soft water unit is passed through the control switching device to 1%-26%, and the flow range is 0.3 ⁇ 10 -3 -0.3m 3 /h regenerant, the regeneration time range is 1min-300min.
  • the regeneration method is further improved, and the regeneration agent is liquid salt or solid salt.
  • the regeneration method is further improved, and regeneration adopts counter-current regeneration or downstream regeneration, that is, the regeneration agent is introduced in the opposite direction of the incoming water or the regenerant is introduced in the same direction of the incoming water.
  • the working exchange capacity of the water softening unit will be affected by operating conditions. Especially equipment with a small height-to-diameter ratio will leak due to the hardness of the outlet water, resulting in the inability to fully utilize the exchange capacity of the resin.
  • the present invention provides a two-stage water softening unit group, and the second stage resin tank further performs soft water treatment.
  • the outlet water hardness of the first-stage soft water unit group allows a certain leakage, thereby increasing the working exchange capacity of the first-stage soft water unit group, and the second-stage soft water unit group increases the resin content due to the reduction in inlet water hardness.
  • the working exchange capacity of the resin increases the working exchange capacity of the resin.
  • the present invention can significantly improve the utilization rate of resin and regenerant while providing 24-hour uninterrupted water supply, thereby significantly reducing the regeneration frequency of the equipment, reducing the discharge of high-concentration salt water during the regeneration process, and
  • the consumption of water resources can also reduce the power consumption of the equipment when the equipment is frequently regenerated.
  • the present invention can also reduce the space occupied by the softening equipment, thereby saving the use cost of the equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of structure 1) of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of structure 2) of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of structure 3) of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of structure 4) of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of structure 5) of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of structure 6) of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram 1 of the working principle of structure 1) of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram 2 of the working principle of structure 1) of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram 1 of the working principle of structure 4) of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram 2 of the working principle of structure 4) of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a water softening structure for a water softener, including:
  • the first-stage soft water unit group includes A parallel-connected soft water units, which are connected in series with the second-stage soft water unit group, A ⁇ 1;
  • the second-stage soft water unit group includes B parallel-connected soft water units, B ⁇ 1;
  • a controller that can control the switching device to disconnect a certain soft water unit that needs to be regenerated according to the adsorption amount of the soft water unit;
  • the control switching device connects the regenerated soft water unit in parallel to the second-level soft water unit group, and simultaneously controls a certain soft water unit in the second-level soft water unit group to be connected in parallel to the first-level soft water unit group;
  • a switching device which is installed at the main water inlet and connected to each softening unit respectively. It can control each softening unit to be connected in parallel or disconnected from a certain soft water unit group according to the instructions of the controller.
  • the switching device can use a multi-way switching valve;
  • the regeneration agent source is connected to the salt suction port of the switching device; where all soft water units operate simultaneously and are regenerated separately.
  • the exemplary structure 1) illustrates the working process of the first embodiment as follows;
  • Tap water with a hardness of 400mg/L flows into the series-connected first -stage soft water unit group, namely resin tank 1, and the second-stage soft water unit group, namely resin tank 2, through the flow restriction device at a flow rate of 1.8m 3 /h to complete the high hardness control. Softening of water.
  • the resin tank 1 After running for a period of time, the resin tank 1 is regenerated (the control valve is switched off). At this time, the resin tank 2 completes the high-hardness water softening process. At this time, the hardness removal rate in tap water reaches 99.5%.
  • the regeneration process is countercurrent regeneration (or downstream regeneration).
  • the regeneration agent with a concentration of 1%-26% is entered at a flow rate of 3.0 ⁇ 10 -3 -0.1m 3 /h (opposite or the same flow direction as the softening process).
  • the regeneration time 1-200min the regeneration of resin tank 1 is completed, and the resin regains its softening performance.
  • the switching pipeline is controlled by the switching device.
  • the resin tank 1 and the resin tank 2 are still connected in series, and the flow direction of the incoming water changes to first entering the resin tank 2 and then entering the resin tank 1. That is, the resin tank 1 belongs to the first-level soft water unit.
  • the group is converted to belong to the second-level soft water unit group, and the resin tank 2 is converted from belonging to the second-level soft water unit group to belonging to the first-level soft water unit group to continue the softening process of high-hardness tap water.
  • the resin tank 2 undergoes a regeneration process.
  • the resin tank 1 completes the high-hardness water softening process.
  • the resin regains its adsorption performance, and the switching pipeline is controlled by the switching device.
  • resin tank 2 and resin tank 1 are still connected in series, that is, they return to the initial working state, that is, resin tank 1 belongs to the first stage.
  • Soft water unit group resin tank 2 belongs to the second level soft water unit group.
  • the two-tank cycle "softening-regeneration-softening" process continuously softens high-hardness tap water, and the resin working exchange capacity is increased by 60%.
  • an exemplary structure 4) is used as an example to illustrate the working process of the first embodiment as follows;
  • the first stage soft water unit group has three resin tanks 1, resin tank 2 and resin tank 3.
  • the first-level water softening unit group has two resin tanks 4 and 5;
  • the tap water with a hardness of 600 mg/L passes through the first-stage soft water unit group and the second-stage soft water unit group in series at a flow rate of 3.0 m 3 /h to complete the softening process of high-hardness tap water.
  • the resin tank 1 needs to be regenerated.
  • the pipeline is switched to disconnect the resin tank 1 through the switching device.
  • the resin tank 2 and the resin tank 3 remain connected in parallel to form the first-level soft water unit group, and the second-level soft water unit group is formed.
  • the unit group remains unchanged.
  • a regenerant with a concentration of 1%-26% is introduced from the bottom of the resin tank at a flow rate of 3.0 ⁇ 10 -3 -0.1m 3 /h, and the regeneration time is 1-200 min.
  • the pipeline is switched through the switching device, and the switching device switches the pipeline so that the resin tank 1 is connected in parallel to the second-stage soft water unit group; at the same time, the controller controls the switching device to switch the pipeline to minimize the adsorption amount or work
  • the resin tank 5 with the shortest duration (exemplarily) is disconnected from the parallel connection with the resin tank 4, so that the resin tank 5 is connected in parallel with the resin tank 2 and the resin tank 3.
  • the second stage soft water unit group is used to supplement the softening of the leaked hardness of the first stage soft water unit group, and configure the second stage according to the water production situation of the first stage soft water unit group.
  • the number of soft water units in the soft water unit group is not limited to
  • the first-stage soft water unit group is used to pretreat high-hardness incoming water
  • the second-stage soft water unit group is used to soften the incoming water.
  • the incoming water Situation configures the number of water softening units in the first level water softening unit group.
  • the height-to-diameter ratio of the resin tank is 0.5-20.
  • the water softening structure also includes:
  • the flow limiting device is connected to the water inlet or outlet of each soft water unit of the first-stage soft water unit group.
  • the present invention provides a method for regenerating the soft water structure described in any one of the first to second embodiments, including the following steps:
  • the controller collects specified operating parameters to calculate the adsorption amount of each soft water unit. If the adsorption amount of a certain soft water unit is greater than the adsorption threshold or the working time is greater than the time threshold, the switching device is controlled to disconnect the soft water unit, and the soft water unit enters regeneration;
  • the controller controls the switching device to connect the soft water unit in parallel to another soft water unit group, and connect a certain soft water unit in the other soft water unit group in parallel to the original soft water unit that has completed regeneration.
  • the present invention provides a method for regenerating the soft water structure described in any one of the first to second embodiments, including the following steps:
  • the controller collects specified operating parameters to calculate the adsorption amount of each soft water unit. If the adsorption amount of a certain soft water unit is greater than the adsorption threshold or the working time is greater than the time threshold, the switching device is controlled to disconnect the soft water unit, and the soft water unit enters regeneration;
  • the controller controls the switching device to connect the soft water unit in parallel to another soft water unit group, and connect a certain soft water unit in the other soft water unit group in parallel to the original soft water unit that has completed regeneration.
  • the soft water unit with the smallest adsorption amount or the shortest working time can be selected from another soft water unit group and connected in parallel to the soft water unit group to which the regenerated soft water unit originally belongs.
  • the present invention provides a method for regenerating the soft water structure described in any one of the first to second embodiments, including the following steps:
  • the controller collects specified operating parameters to calculate the adsorption amount of each soft water unit. If the adsorption amount of a certain soft water unit is greater than the adsorption threshold or the working time is greater than the time threshold, the switching device is controlled to disconnect the soft water unit, and the soft water unit enters regeneration;
  • the controller controls the switching device to connect the soft water unit in parallel to another soft water unit group, and selects the soft water unit with the smallest adsorption capacity or the shortest working time in the other soft water unit group to be connected in parallel to This regeneration completes the soft water unit group to which the soft water unit originally belonged.
  • the inlet water hardness range is 50mg/L-2000mg/L
  • the inlet water flow range is 0.01m 3 /h-9m 3 /h
  • the inlet water temperature range is 4°C-70°C
  • the time threshold range is 10min-1500min
  • soft water When the unit enters regeneration, a regeneration agent with a concentration range of 1%-26% and a flow rate of 1.0 ⁇ 10 -3 -0.3m 3 /h is introduced into the regenerated soft water unit through the control switching device.
  • the regeneration time range is 1min-200min.
  • the regeneration agent is liquid salt or solid salt, preferably solid salt, which is convenient for storage and can reduce the volume of the salt box.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)

Abstract

一种软水结构，其用于软水机，包括：第一级软水单元组包含A个并联的软水单元，其与第二级软水单元组串联，A≥1；第二级软水单元组包含B个并联的软水单元，B≥1；控制器能根据软水单元吸附量断开需要再生的某一个软水单元，将在再生后的该软水单元并联到第二级软水单元组中，同时控制第二级软水单元组中的某一个软水单元并联到第一级软水单元组中；切换装置分别连接各软水单元，其能根据控制器指令控制各软水单元并联或断开于某一软水单元组；所有软水单元同时运行，分别再生。该软水结构能不间断供水的同时可显著提高树脂和再生剂的利用率，显著降低设备的再生频次，节约使用成本。

Description

软水结构及其再生方法 技术领域
本发明涉及水处理领域，特别是涉及一种利用离子交换原理的软水结构；以及，一种所述软水结构的再生方法。
背景技术
现有家用软水机，为单罐以及多罐串联(以下简称串联工艺)、双罐以及多罐并联(以下简称并联工艺)进行水质软化和树脂再生。
软水机主要利用离子交换树脂进行离子交换，水中的钙、镁离子被树脂吸附，从而降低水的硬度，当离子交换树脂达到吸附饱和时，树脂需要经过再生过程恢复软化能力，一般采取一定浓度的氯化钠溶液，达到树脂再生的效果。对于家庭日用水量较多或部分地区水质较硬时，特别是设备高度较低(厨下安装)的小型软水机，软水机一天会进行多次再生过程。串联工艺的树脂处于再生时不会对水进行软化处理，此时软水机内部无法实现24h连续不间断供应软水。而并联工艺为了达到水质软化要求，树脂需要进行频繁再生，树脂利用率较低，造成了再生剂和水资源的浪费，且设备软水流量受到树脂床层高度的局限，无法提供大流量的软水。现有技术通常采用较大型的软水机，通常安装于设备间或者设备阳台(安装空间较大)，满足高硬度水质地区，软水流量较高的需求，但由于设备体积较大造成难以满足安装空间有限的场所的使用需求。
发明内容
在发明内容部分中引入了一系列简化形式的概念,该简化形式的概念均为本领域现有技术简化，这将在具体实施方式部分中进一步详细说明。本发明的发明内容部分并不意味着要试图限定出所要求保护的技术方案的关键特征和必要技术特征，更不意味着试图确定所要求保护的技术方案的保护范围。
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于高硬度水质地区，相对现有技术设备体积更小，能实现不间断连续软水供应的软水结构。本发明还提供了一种所述软水结构的再生方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供用于软水机的软水结构，包括：
第一级软水单元组，其包含A个并联的软水单元，其与第二级软水单元组串联，A≥1；
第二级软水单元组，其包含B个并联的软水单元，B≥1；
控制器，其能根据软水单元吸附量控制切换装置断开需要再生的某一个软水单元；
其控制切换装置将在再生后的该软水单元并联到第二级软水单元组中，同时控制第二级软水单元组中的某一个软水单元并联到第一级软水单元组中；
切换装置，其设置在总进水口分别连接各软水单元，其能根据控制器指令控制各软水单元并联或断开于某一软水单元组；
其中，所有软水单元同时运行，分别再生。
可选择的，进一步改进所述的软水结构，所述第二级软水单元组用于对第一级软水单元组泄露的硬度进行补充软化，根据第一级软水单元组产水情况配置第二级软水单元组中软水单元的数量。
可选择的，进一步改进所述的软水结构，所述第一级软水单元组用于对高硬度进水进行软化，所述第二级软水单元组用于对进水进行补充软化，根据进水情况配置第一级软水单元组中软水单元的数量。示例性的，进水情况包括进水流量、水质等本领域用于决定软水单元数量的参数。
需要说明的是，在初期使用时本发明第一级软水单元组设计出水已符合相应标准(至少满足国家标准)，在后续使用过程中可以实现以下两种工况：
1、第二级软水单元组被动对第一级软水单元组硬度泄漏进行补充。例如：第一级软水单元组因为需要再生或其他原因(故障或进水超过设计最大流量等)造成水质无法符合相应标准，此种工况第二级软水单元组构成第一级软水单元组的备份，补充软化。
2、通过控制切换装置主动允许第一级软水单元组产水含有一定的硬度，此种工况第二级软水单元组并不是作为第一级软水单元组的备份。而是为提高树脂和再生剂得利用率主动使第一级软水单元组尽可能延长工作得到充分利用，此种工况主动允许第一级软水单元组产水含有一定的硬度，第二级软水单元组进行补充软化。
可选择的，进一步改进所述的软水结构，所述软水单元是树脂罐。
可选择的，进一步改进所述的软水结构，所述树脂罐高径比为0.5-20。
可选择的，进一步改进所述的软水结构，还包括：
限流装置，其连接在第一级软水单元组各软水单元的进水口或出水口。
本发明还提供了一种上述任意一项所述软水结构的再生方法，包括以下步骤：
S1)向所述软水结构通入需要软化的进水；
S2)控制器采集指定运行参数计算各软水单元吸附量，若某一软水单元吸附量大于吸附阈值或工作时长大于时间阈值，则控制切换装置断开该软水单元，该软水单元进入再生；
指定运行参数运行参数，包括但不限于工作流量、工作时长、累计处理量、产水硬度、进水硬度，通过现有技术手段计算吸附量。
S3)若进入再生的软水单元完成再生，则控制器控制切换装置将该软水单元并联到另一软水单元组，并将另一软水单元组中的某一个软水单元并联到该再生完成软水单元原来所属的软水单元组。
可选择的，进一步改进所述的再生方法，实施步骤S3)时，在另一软水单元组中选择吸附量最小或工作时长最短的软水单元并联到该再生完成软水单元原来所属的软水单元组。
可选择的，进一步改进所述的再生方法，进水硬度范围为为50mg/L-2000mg/L、进水流量范围0.01m 3/h-9m 3/h，进水温度范围4℃-70℃，时间阈值范围为10min-1500min。
可选择的，进一步改进所述的再生方法，软水单元进入再生时，通过控制切换装置向再生的软水单元通入浓度范围为1％-26％，流量范围为0.3×10 -3-0.3m 3/h的再生剂，再生时间范围为1min-300min。
可选择的，进一步改进所述的再生方法，再生剂为液态盐或固态盐。
可选择的，进一步改进所述的再生方法，再生采用逆流再生或顺流再生，即按进水相反方向通入再生剂或按进水相同方向通入再生剂。
软水单元的工作交换容量会受到运行条件的影响，特别是高径比较小的设备，会由于出水硬度泄露，导致无法充分利用树脂的交换容量。本发明提供两级如软水单元组，由第二级树脂罐的进一步进行软水处理。本发明的软水结构中第一级软水单元组的出水硬度允许一定的泄露，从而提高第一级单元组软水单元的工作交换容量，且第 二级软水单元组由于进水硬度的降低而提高树脂的工作交换容量，从而提高树脂的工作交换容量。
相比现有技术并联的树脂罐，本发明在24小时不间断供水的同时，可显著提高树脂和再生剂的利用率，从而显著降低设备的再生频次，减少再生过程的高浓度盐水排放，和水资源的消耗，同时，还可以降低设备频繁再生时设备所消耗的电能。此外，本发明还可以降低软化设备所占空间，从而节约设备的使用成本。
附图说明
本发明附图旨在示出根据本发明的特定示例性实施例中所使用的方法、结构和/或材料的一般特性，对说明书中的描述进行补充。然而，本发明附图是未按比例绘制的示意图，因而可能未能够准确反映任何所给出的实施例的精确结构或性能特点，本发明附图不应当被解释为限定或限制由根据本发明的示例性实施例所涵盖的数值或属性的范围。下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明：
图1是本发明结构1)结构示意图。
图2是本发明结构2)结构示意图。
图3是本发明结构3)结构示意图。
图4是本发明结构4)结构示意图。
图5是本发明结构5)结构示意图。
图6是本发明结构6)结构示意图。
图7是本发明结构1)工作原理示意图一。
图8是本发明结构1)工作原理示意图二。
图9是本发明结构4)工作原理示意图一。
图10是本发明结构4)工作原理示意图二。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所公开的内容充分地了解本发明的其他优点与技术效果。本发明还可以通过不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点加以应用，在没有背离发明总的设计思路下进行各种修饰或改变。需说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。本发明下述示例性实施例可以多种不同的形式来实施，并且不应当被解释为只限于这里所阐述的具体实施例。应当 理解的是，提供这些实施例是为了使得本发明的公开彻底且完整，并且将这些示例性具体实施例的技术方案充分传达给本领域技术人员。应当理解的是，当元件被称作“连接”或“结合”到另一元件时，该元件可以直接连接或结合到另一元件，或者可以存在中间元件。不同的是，当元件被称作“直接连接”或“直接结合”到另一元件时，不存在中间元件。在全部附图中，相同的附图标记始终表示相同的元件。如在这里所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关所列项目的任意组合和所有组合。
第一实施例；
本发明提供用于软水机的软水结构，包括：
第一级软水单元组，其包含A个并联的软水单元，其与第二级软水单元组串联，A≥1；
第二级软水单元组，其包含B个并联的软水单元，B≥1；
控制器，其能根据软水单元吸附量控制切换装置断开需要再生的某一个软水单元；
其控制切换装置将在再生后的该软水单元并联到第二级软水单元组中，同时控制第二级软水单元组中的某一个软水单元并联到第一级软水单元组中；
切换装置，其设置在总进水口分别连接各软水单元，其能根据控制器指令控制各软水单元并联或断开于某一软水单元组，切换装置可以采用多路切换阀；
再生剂源，其连接切换装置的吸盐口；其中，所有软水单元同时运行，分别再生。
本实施例存在六种结构：
结构1)，参考图1所示，A＝B＝1时，即第一级软水单元组和第二级软水单元组只存在一个软水单元，第一级软水单元组和第二级软水单元组形成串联结构。
结构2)，参考图2所示，A＞B＝1时，即第一级软水单元组至少存在两个软水单元，第二级软水单元组具有一个软水单元，第一级软水单元组和第二级软水单元组形成串联结构。
结构3)，参考图3所示，A≥B＞1时，即第一级软水单元组和第二级软水单元组至少两个软水单元。
结构4)，参考图4所示，A＞B＞1时，即第一级软水单元组具有至少三个软水单元，第二级软水单元组至少两个软水单元。
结构5)，参考图5所示，1＝A＜B时，即第一级软水单元组存在一个软水单元， 第二级软水单元组具有至少两个软水单元，第一级软水单元组和第二级软水单元组形成串联结构。
结构6)，参考图6所示，1＜A＜B时，即第一级软水单元组存至少两个软水单元，第二级软水单元组具有至少三个软水单元，第一级软水单元组和第二级软水单元组形成串联结构。
参考图1、图7和图8所示，示例性的，结构1)为例说明第一实施例工作过程如下；
将硬度为400mg/L的自来水以1.8m 3/h的流量通过限流装置流入串联的第一级软水单元组即树脂罐1和第二级软水单元组即树脂罐2，以完成对高硬度水的软化。
当运行一段时间后，对树脂罐1进行再生(控制阀控制切换断开)，此时树脂罐2完成高硬度水软化过程，此时自来水中硬度去除率达99.5％。再生过程为逆流再生(或顺流再生)，将浓度为1％-26％的再生剂以3.0×10 -3-0.1m 3/h的流量进入(与软化过程流向相反或相同)，再生时间为1-200min，树脂罐1再生结束，树脂恢复软化性能。通过切换装置控制切换管路，此时树脂罐1和树脂罐2仍形成串联，而进水的流向变为先进入树脂罐2后进入树脂罐1，即树脂罐1由属于第一级软水单元组转换为属于第二级软水单元组，树脂罐2由属于第二级软水单元组转换为属于第一级软水单元组，继续对高硬度自来水进行软化过程。
当软水机运行一段时间后，树脂罐2进行再生过程，此时树脂罐1完成高硬度水软化过程。树脂罐2再生结束后，树脂恢复吸附性能，通过切换装置控制切换管路，此时树脂罐2和树脂罐1仍形成串联，即回到初始时工作状态，即树脂罐1由属于第一级软水单元组转，树脂罐2由属于第二级软水单元组。两罐循环“软化-再生-软化”过程，持续对高硬度自来水进行软化，树脂工作交换容量提升60％。
参考图9结合图10所示，示例性的，结构4)为例说明第一实施例工作过程如下；第一级软水单元组具有三个树脂罐1、树脂罐2和树脂罐3，第二级软水单元组具有二个树脂罐4和树脂罐5；
将硬度为600mg/L的自来水以3.0m 3/h的流量通过串联第一级软水单元组和第二级软水单元组，以完成对高硬度自来水的软化过程。软化一段时间后，需对树脂罐1进行再生过程，此时，通过切换装置切换管路断开树脂罐1，树脂罐2和树脂罐3保持并联形成第一级软水单元组，第二级软水单元组保持不变。树脂罐1进行再生时， 将浓度为1％-26％的再生剂以3.0×10 -3-0.1m 3/h的流量由树脂罐底部进入，再生时间1-200min。当树脂罐1再生结束后，通过切换装置切换管路，切换装置切换管路使树脂罐1并联到第二级软水单元组；同时，控制器控制切换装置切换管路，使吸附量最小或工作时长最短的树脂罐5(示例性的)断开与树脂罐4的并联，使树脂罐5与树脂罐2和树脂罐3并联，即使树脂罐5转移到第一级软水单元组，而再生后树脂罐1转移到第二软水单元组。以此类推，依次进行上述“再生-软化“过程，五罐同时运行，分别再生，循环“软化-再生-软化“过程，流量大且保证软水机持续不间断提供软化水，树脂工作交换容量提高50％，达到省盐省水的目标，提高经济效益。
可选择的，进一步改进上述第一实施例，所述第二级软水单元组用于对第一级软水单元组泄露的硬度进行补充软化，根据第一级软水单元组产水情况配置第二级软水单元组中软水单元的数量。
可选择的，进一步改进上述第一实施例，所述第一级软水单元组用于对高硬度进水进行预处理，所述第二级软水单元组用于对进水进行软化，根据进水情况配置第一级软水单元组中软水单元的数量。
可选择的，可选择的，进一步改进上述第一实施例，所述树脂罐高径比为0.5-20。
第二实施例；
在上述第一实施例基础上进行进一步改进，相同的部分不再赘述；所述的软水结构，还包括：
限流装置，其连接在第一级软水单元组各软水单元的进水口或出水口。
第三实施例；
本发明提供一种第一实施例～第二实施例任意一项所述软水结构的再生方法，包括以下步骤：
S1)向所述软水结构通入需要软化的进水；
S2)控制器采集指定运行参数计算各软水单元吸附量，若某一软水单元吸附量大于吸附阈值或工作时长大于时间阈值，则控制切换装置断开该软水单元，该软水单元进入再生；
S3)若进入再生的软水单元完成再生，则控制器控制切换装置将该软水单元并联到另一软水单元组，并将另一软水单元组中的某一个软水单元并联到该再生完成软水 单元原来所属的软水单元组。
第四实施例；
本发明提供一种第一实施例～第二实施例任意一项所述软水结构的再生方法，包括以下步骤：
S1)向所述软水结构通入需要软化的进水；
S2)控制器采集指定运行参数计算各软水单元吸附量，若某一软水单元吸附量大于吸附阈值或工作时长大于时间阈值，则控制切换装置断开该软水单元，该软水单元进入再生；
S3)若进入再生的软水单元完成再生，则控制器控制切换装置将该软水单元并联到另一软水单元组，并将另一软水单元组中的某一个软水单元并联到该再生完成软水单元原来所属的软水单元组；
其中，实施步骤S3时，可以另一软水单元组中选择吸附量最小或工作时长最短的软水单元并联到该再生完成软水单元原来所属的软水单元组。
第五实施例；
本发明提供一种第一实施例～第二实施例任意一项所述软水结构的再生方法，包括以下步骤：
S1)向所述软水结构通入需要软化的进水；
S2)控制器采集指定运行参数计算各软水单元吸附量，若某一软水单元吸附量大于吸附阈值或工作时长大于时间阈值，则控制切换装置断开该软水单元，该软水单元进入再生；
S3)若进入再生的软水单元完成再生，则控制器控制切换装置将该软水单元并联到另一软水单元组，并将另一软水单元组中选择吸附量最小或工作时长最短的软水单元并联到该再生完成软水单元原来所属的软水单元组。
其中，进水硬度范围为为50mg/L-2000mg/L、进水流量范围0.01m 3/h-9m 3/h，进水温度范围4℃-70℃，时间阈值范围为10min-1500min，软水单元进入再生时，通过控制切换装置向再生的软水单元通入浓度范围为1％-26％，流量范围为1.0×10 -3-0.3m 3/h的再生剂，再生时间范围为1min-200min，再生剂为液态盐或固态盐，优选为固态盐，便于保存，同时可减小盐箱的体积。
除非另有定义，否则这里所使用的全部术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)都具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的意思相同的意思。还将理解的是，除非这里明确定义，否则诸如在通用字典中定义的术语这类术语应当被解释为具有与它们在相关领域语境中的意思相一致的意思，而不以理想的或过于正式的含义加以解释。
以上通过具体实施方式和实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，但这些并非构成对本发明的限制。在不脱离本发明原理的情况下，本领域的技术人员还可做出许多变形和改进，这些也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种软水结构，其用于软水机，其特征在于，包括：
    第一级软水单元组，其包含A个并联的软水单元，其与第二级软水单元组串联，A≥1；
    第二级软水单元组，其包含B个并联的软水单元，B≥1；
    控制器，其能根据软水单元吸附量控制切换装置断开需要再生的某一个软水单元；
    其控制切换装置将在再生后的该软水单元并联到第二级软水单元组中，同时控制第二级软水单元组中的某一个软水单元并联到第一级软水单元组中；
    切换装置，其设置在总进水口分别连接各软水单元，其能根据控制器指令控制各软水单元并联或断开于某一软水单元组；
    其中，所有软水单元同时运行，分别再生。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的软水结构，其特征在于：所述第二级软水单元组用于对第一级软水单元组泄露的硬度进行补充软化，根据第一级软水单元组产水情况配置第二级软水单元组中软水单元的数量。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的软水结构，其特征在于：所述第一级软水单元组用于对高硬度进水进行预处理，所述第二级软水单元组用于对进水进行软化，根据进水情况配置第一级软水单元组中软水单元的数量。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的软水结构，其特征在于：所述软水单元是树脂罐。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的软水结构，其特征在于：所述树脂罐高径比为0.5-20。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的软水结构，其特征在于，还包括：
    限流装置，其连接在第一级软水单元组各软水单元的进水口或出水口。
  7. 一种权利要求1-6任意一项所述软水结构的再生方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1)向所述软水结构通入需要软化的进水；
    S2)控制器采集指定运行参数计算各软水单元吸附量，若第一级软水单元组中某一软水单元吸附量大于吸附阈值或工作时长大于时间阈值，则控制切换装置断开该软 水单元，该软水单元进入再生；
    S3)若进入再生的软水单元完成再生，则控制器控制切换装置将该软水单元并联到另一软水单元组，并将另一软水单元组中的某一个软水单元并联到该再生完成软水单元原来所属的软水单元组。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的再生方法，其特征在于：实施步骤S3)时，在另一软水单元组中选择吸附量最小或工作时长最短的软水单元并联到该再生完成软水单元原来所属的软水单元组。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的再生方法，其特征在于：软水单元进入再生时，通过控制切换装置向再生的软水单元通入浓度范围为1％-26％，流量范围为0.3×10 -3-0.3m 3/h的再生剂，再生时间范围为1min-300min。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的再生方法，其特征在于：再生剂为液态盐或固态盐。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的再生方法，其特征在于：再生采用逆流再生或顺流再生。
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