WO2023227397A1 - Katadioptrisches projektionsobjektiv, projektionsbelichtungsanlage und projektionsbelichtungsverfahren - Google Patents
Katadioptrisches projektionsobjektiv, projektionsbelichtungsanlage und projektionsbelichtungsverfahren Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023227397A1 WO2023227397A1 PCT/EP2023/062883 EP2023062883W WO2023227397A1 WO 2023227397 A1 WO2023227397 A1 WO 2023227397A1 EP 2023062883 W EP2023062883 W EP 2023062883W WO 2023227397 A1 WO2023227397 A1 WO 2023227397A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70225—Optical aspects of catadioptric systems, i.e. comprising reflective and refractive elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0804—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/1066—Beam splitting or combining systems for enhancing image performance, like resolution, pixel numbers, dual magnifications or dynamic range, by tiling, slicing or overlapping fields of view
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70066—Size and form of the illuminated area in the mask plane, e.g. reticle masking blades or blinds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70075—Homogenization of illumination intensity in the mask plane by using an integrator, e.g. fly's eye lens, facet mirror or glass rod, by using a diffusing optical element or by beam deflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70091—Illumination settings, i.e. intensity distribution in the pupil plane or angular distribution in the field plane; On-axis or off-axis settings, e.g. annular, dipole or quadrupole settings; Partial coherence control, i.e. sigma or numerical aperture [NA]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70208—Multiple illumination paths, e.g. radiation distribution devices, microlens illumination systems, multiplexers or demultiplexers for single or multiple projection systems
Definitions
- German patent application number 10 2022 205 272.2 filed on May 25, 2022.
- the disclosure content of this patent application is incorporated by reference into the content of the present application.
- the invention relates to a catadioptric projection lens for imaging a pattern arranged in an object plane of the projection lens into an image plane of the projection lens that is parallel to the object plane. Furthermore, the invention relates to a projection exposure system with such a projection lens and to a projection exposure method that can be carried out with the aid of the projection lens.
- Microlithographic projection exposure processes are now predominantly used to produce semiconductor components and other finely structured components.
- Masks (reticles) are used that carry or create the pattern of a structure to be imaged, e.g. a line pattern of a layer of a semiconductor component.
- the pattern is arranged in a projection exposure system between an illumination system and a projection lens in the area of the object surface of the projection lens and illuminated in the area of the effective object field with an illumination radiation provided by the illumination system.
- the radiation changed by the pattern runs as a projection beam through the projection lens, which images the pattern onto the substrate to be exposed in the area of the effective image field that is optically conjugate to the effective object field.
- the substrate normally carries a layer (photoresist, photoresist) that is sensitive to projection radiation.
- projection exposure systems with high-aperture projection lenses are used, which typically work at working wavelengths in the deep ultraviolet radiation (DUV) range, e.g. at approx. 193 nm.
- DUV deep ultraviolet radiation
- purely refractive (dioptric) reduction lenses are often used.
- the optical elements have a common rectilinear optical axis.
- the object field and image field can be centered on the optical axis (on-axis field). In certain cases, this makes exposures of a full field possible in stepper mode (step-and-repeat), which promotes high throughput (complete exposures per unit of time).
- Projection exposure systems for a working wavelength of 365.5 nm ⁇ 2 nm have been in use here for a long time. They use the i-line of mercury vapor lamps, whereby their natural bandwidth is limited to a narrower used bandwidth AI, e.g. of around 2 nm, using a filter or other means. With such light sources, ultraviolet light of a relatively broad wavelength band is used during projection, so that the projection lens must provide a relatively strong correction of chromatic aberrations in order to ensure low-error imaging even with such a broadband projection light at the desired resolution.
- catadioptric projection lenses for this wavelength range (cf. DE 10 2006 022 958 A1), i.e. projection lenses that contain both refractive optical elements with refractive power, i.e. lenses, and reflective elements with refractive power, i.e. curved mirrors. Typically at least one concave mirror is included.
- an off-axis field (off-axis field) must be used if the system is designed with rotational symmetry, i.e. a configuration in which the effective object field and the effective Image field lies outside the optical axis.
- the patent US 8,634,060 B2 describes a projection exposure system that can expose two masks and two wafers at the same time.
- the light from a single light source is sent alternately through two separate, identical projection systems via a fast optical switch, each of which has an illumination system and a projection lens.
- US 2008/259440 A1 describes a projection exposure system that works with two separate masks and two separate lighting systems, with the projection beam paths being brought together in the projection lens via a triangular prism.
- US 2010/0053738 (corresponding to US 8,705,170 B1) describes projection lenses that use a single mask and branch the projection beam path in the projection lens using deflection mirrors in such a way that two separate image-side lens parts are created, which create two image fields, so that two wafers are exposed at the same time can.
- a patent application filed at the same time discloses suitable lighting systems that can simultaneously illuminate two separate, spaced-apart lighting fields on the same mask. Diffractive optical elements or prisms are provided to split the beam coming from the light source. Lens arrays of a honeycomb condenser (fly eyes lens) are provided to homogenize the illumination radiation.
- Projection exposure systems with two projection beam paths are described, for example, in the patent US 8,384,875 B2 using schematic examples.
- two lighting systems are provided, which can be constructed separately from one another or integrated into a common lighting system (Fig. 12).
- Fig. 12 There are also schematic examples of catadioptric projection lenses. Specification data for reworking the systems is not disclosed.
- a catadioptric projection lens which has a plurality of optical elements which are arranged along an optical axis between an object plane and an image plane parallel to the object plane.
- the projection lens is designed as a double-field projection lens and is designed to transmit a first effective object field arranged outside the optical axis in the object plane along a first projection beam path into a first effective image field located outside the optical axis in the image plane and at the same time in relation to the first object field to image the second effective object field opposite the optical axis and arranged outside the optical axis in the object plane along a second projection beam path into a second effective image field located outside the optical axis in the image plane.
- Each of the projection beam paths comprises a first deflection unit for deflecting the radiation coming from the object plane to a concave mirror and a second deflection unit for deflecting the radiation coming from the concave mirror in the direction of the image plane.
- the projection lens thus has at least two concave mirrors, preferably exactly two concave mirrors, namely a single concave mirror per projection beam path.
- the optical elements have a first objective part for imaging each of the effective object fields of the object plane into a first real intermediate image, a second objective part for generating a second real intermediate image with the radiation coming from the first objective part, and a third objective part
- the concave mirror of a projection beam path is arranged in the area of a pupil surface lying between the first and the second intermediate image, the first deflection unit in optical proximity to the first intermediate image and the second deflection unit is arranged in optical proximity to the second intermediate image.
- This design approach creates the possibility of constructing projection lenses that work with two fields of practically usable size that can be used at the same time, despite overall compact dimensions.
- the dimensional design of the deflection units is complicated by boundary conditions. If deflection surfaces can be designed to be relatively large, vignetting-free deflection of larger fields can be achieved relatively easily, but this usually results in a considerable size. If the size is kept small, the reflecting surfaces may become too small for the size of the fields to be projected, so that the risk of vignetting increases.
- the provision of two intermediate images creates conditions for projecting or imaging practically usable field sizes from the object plane into the image plane with relatively small mirror surfaces.
- the two projection radiation paths can be used selectively or alternatively to each other.
- the optical elements preferably include a plurality of lenses and two concave mirrors. According to a further development, several lenses are arranged along first sections of the optical axis. The first sections run coaxially to each other and perpendicular to the object plane and image plane. The concave mirrors are arranged on opposite sides of the first sections and define second sections of the optical axis that are oriented transversely to the first sections. The optical axis is thus folded. Overall, the projection lens has rotational symmetry with respect to the folded optical axis. The first sections and the second sections lie in a common plane, which is referred to here as the axial plane. The optical elements are arranged and designed symmetrically to a plane of symmetry.
- the plane of symmetry runs perpendicular to the axis plane through the first sections.
- a first deflection unit is provided for deflecting the radiation coming from the object plane to the concave mirror and a second deflection unit for deflecting the radiation coming from the concave mirror in the direction of the image plane.
- the deflection units are each arranged on the side of the plane of symmetry facing the associated concave mirror.
- the concave mirrors can be arranged coaxially with one another, so that the second sections are oriented perpendicular to the first sections.
- the projection lens then has an overall cross-shaped arrangement of optical elements.
- the two concave mirrors lie opposite each other coaxially to one another on different sides of the plane of symmetry.
- the second sections can be oriented at an angle other than 90° transversely to the first sections or to the plane of symmetry, which can be useful, for example, for reasons of installation space.
- deflection units are each arranged on the side of the symmetry plane facing the associated concave mirror. This makes it possible for two projection beam paths to be used in the projection lens, each of which leads from an off-axis effective object field to the optically conjugate effective image field.
- the two off-axis effective object fields can be arranged symmetrically to the plane of symmetry at a distance from it on opposite sides; the same applies to the associated effective image fields.
- the first deflection unit and the second deflection unit each have a first reflection surface and an immediately following second reflection surface, which are tilted relative to the plane of symmetry by different tilting angles about tilting axes running orthogonally to the first and second sections, the first reflection surface being used for deflection the radiation coming from the object plane is arranged to the second reflection surface and the second reflection surface is arranged to deflect the radiation coming from the first reflection surface in the direction of the image plane.
- the deflection units are therefore not designed as 45° plane mirrors, but rather as two-stage reflecting deflection units that change the beam angle of the incident radiation in two directly one after the other carry out the following stages through reflection.
- “immediate” means in particular that there is no other optical element between the first and second reflection surfaces.
- the deflection units are preferably each arranged on the side of the symmetry plane facing the associated concave mirror, i.e. on the same side as the associated concave mirror.
- the first and second reflection surfaces of a deflection unit can achieve a total folding angle of 90°, which is required for the cross-shaped structure of the projection lens.
- the folding angles can also deviate from 90°.
- the tilt angles of the first reflection surfaces and the second reflection surface are preferably adapted to one another in such a way that a beam appearing on the first reflection surface parallel to the entrance-side optical axis is deflected by the same angle at the first reflection surface and the second reflection surface.
- a deflection of 45° can be provided, so that a total of 90° deflection results.
- the tilt angle is defined here as the angle that the surface normal of a reflection surface includes with the entry-side section of the optical axis. Accordingly, it can be provided, for example, that the first tilt angle is 67.5° and the second tilt angle is 22.5°. However, in some cases it can make sense to tilt the two reflection surfaces so that they deflect a deflected beam to different degrees.
- the reflection surfaces can each be formed on a separate individual mirror, which can optionally be individually precisely adjusted relative to one another. It is also possible to form two or more reflection surfaces of the deflection units on a common support element.
- a support element can, for example, be constructed with four triangular prisms. The triangular prisms can be held together in the middle of a star-shaped cross section of the deflection unit. Alternatively, all reflection surfaces necessary for the deflection can be combined and designed as a complex prism with a star-shaped side surface.
- the complex prism can, for example, consist of several individual prisms that are cemented or blasted together.
- the first and second reflection surfaces can each be flat, i.e. designed as a flat surface.
- deviations from one level can be in the range of a few percent or a few per thousand of the working wavelength. It However, larger deviations of the surface shape from a flat surface can also be specifically provided, for example in order to achieve certain influences on the shape of the wave front.
- the intermediate images lie in or close to field planes of the projection lens that are optically conjugate to the object plane and image plane.
- the first deflection unit is arranged in the optical proximity of a first field level and the second deflection unit is arranged in the optical proximity of a second field level that is optically conjugate to the first field level.
- the first deflection unit and the second deflection unit are arranged in a region in which a subaperture ratio SAR is smaller than 0.3 in magnitude.
- the intermediate image can be arranged between the two individual mirrors of the deflection unit.
- the first lens part should not have a magnifying effect or not have a strong magnifying effect, so that the size of the first intermediate image does not exceed that of the effective object field or does not significantly exceed it.
- the first lens part has a first imaging scale ßi, for which the condition 0.5 ⁇
- the first lens part can be designed as a 1:1 system; as a rule, the magnification should not exceed a factor of 1.2.
- the magnitude of the imaging scale ⁇ 1 of the first lens part can therefore be in the range of 1.2 or less.
- the projection lens has a reducing magnification and that the first lens part produces a maximum of half of the reduction.
- the projection lens is designed as a scanner system. When scanning, only part of the object field is imaged by the projection lens at any given time. To carry out a single exposure step, a scanning movement is therefore required in which adjacent sections of the reticle are successively transferred to the substrate.
- the effective object field should be 104 mm wide.
- the projection lens is designed with an object field radius OBH of at least 107 mm.
- the projection lens can be designed so that each of the effective object fields can have the size 104mm x 56mm and be at a distance of 38 mm from the optical axis.
- Some embodiments are characterized in that an image-side numerical aperture is less than 0.5, with the numerical aperture preferably being in the range of 0.2 to 0.4.
- the invention also relates to a projection exposure method for exposing a radiation-sensitive substrate arranged in the region of an image plane of a projection lens with at least one image of a pattern of a mask arranged in the region of an object plane of the projection lens, in which a projection lens according to the invention is used.
- the invention further relates to a projection exposure system for exposing a radiation-sensitive substrate arranged in the area of an image plane of a projection lens with at least one image of a pattern of a mask arranged in the area of an object plane of the projection lens, comprising: a primary radiation source for emitting primary radiation; an illumination system for receiving the primary radiation and generating illumination radiation directed onto the mask; and a projection lens for generating at least one image of the pattern in the area of the image plane of the projection lens, the projection lens being designed according to the invention.
- the projection exposure system preferably comprises a central control unit for controlling functions of the projection exposure system, the control device being configured in at least one operating mode to operate the lighting system and the projection lens in such a way that two adjacent dies are scanned simultaneously with the double field.
- a double exposure can be carried out in another operating mode.
- Two-stage reflecting deflection units of the type described in this application can also be used to advantage independently of the claimed invention, for example also in catadioptric projection lenses with a single field, i.e. with only a single effective object field.
- the disclosure therefore also relates to a catadioptric projection lens for imaging a pattern arranged in an object plane of the projection lens into an image plane of the projection lens parallel to the object plane, comprising a plurality of optical elements which include a plurality of lenses and a concave mirror and between the object plane and the image plane along an optical axis are arranged to image an effective object field arranged outside the optical axis in the object plane along a projection beam path into an effective image field lying outside the optical axis in the image plane, at least one two-stage reflecting deflection unit being arranged in the projection beam path, which has a first reflection surface and an immediate has the following second reflection surface, wherein the first reflection surface is arranged to deflect the radiation coming from the object plane to the second reflection surface and the second
- a first deflection unit for deflecting the radiation coming from the object plane to the concave mirror and a second deflection unit for deflecting the radiation coming from the concave mirror in the direction of the image plane are arranged in the projection beam path, wherein the first deflection unit and / or the second deflection unit is designed as a two-stage reflecting deflection unit.
- both the first deflection unit and the second deflection unit can be designed as a two-stage reflecting deflection unit. It is also possible for only one of the deflection units to be designed as a two-stage reflecting deflection unit and the other deflection unit to be designed as a plane mirror, wherein the first deflection unit or the second deflection unit can be designed as a two-stage reflective deflection unit.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a projection exposure system according to an exemplary embodiment
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic top view of the object plane of the projection lens with two effective off-axis object fields
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic overview of a first exemplary embodiment for a double field lighting system with an integrator rod arrangement
- Fig. 4 shows the integrator rod arrangement from Fig. 3 in detail
- 5A to 5D show variants of integrator rod arrangements of other exemplary embodiments
- Figure 6 shows an integrator bar arrangement with two tapered output integrator bars
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic overview of an exemplary embodiment of a double field lighting system with grid elements in a homogenization unit
- Fig. 8 shows the homogenization unit in Fig. 7 in detail.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic meridional lens section of a projection lens according to a first exemplary embodiment
- Fig. 10 shows an enlarged detail of the area of the deflection units in the projection lens of Fig. 9;
- FIGS. 11A to 11C show three folding situations in comparison
- 1A to 12B show a variant of scanning with single field
- 13A to 13B show a variant of scanning with double field
- Fig. 14 shows a schematic meridional lens section of a catadioptric projection lens with two intermediate images, a concave mirror, a two-stage reflecting deflection unit and a single-stage deflection unit.
- optical axis refers to a straight line or a series of straight line segments through the centers of curvature of the optical elements.
- the optical axis is folded on folding mirrors (deflection mirrors) or other reflective surfaces.
- the object is a mask (reticle) with the pattern of an integrated circuit; it can also be another pattern, for example a grid.
- the image is projected onto a wafer provided with a photoresist layer, which serves as a substrate.
- substrates for example elements for liquid crystal displays or substrates for optical gratings, are also possible.
- a mercury vapor lamp serves as the primary radiation source or light source LS. This emits a broad spectrum with emission lines of relatively strong intensity I in wavelength ranges with center wavelengths at approx. 436 nm (visible light, blue, g-line), approx. 405 nm (visible light, violet, h-line) and approx. 365, 5 nm (near ultraviolet, UV-A, i-line).
- the projection exposure system is an i-line system that only uses the light from the i-line, i.e. UV light around a central working wavelength of approx. 365.5 nm.
- the natural full bandwidth of the i-line is achieved with the help of a filter or limited in another way to a narrower used bandwidth ⁇ , e.g. of approximately 2 nm.
- An illumination system ILL connected downstream of the light source LS generates in its exit surface ES from the light of this single primary light source two large, each sharply defined and essentially homogeneously illuminated illumination fields ILF1, ILF2 with beam angles that correspond to the telecentricity requirements of the projection lens PO arranged behind it in the light path is adapted.
- the lighting system is a double field lighting system. Exemplary embodiments are explained below in connection with FIGS. 3 to 8.
- the ILL lighting system has facilities for setting different lighting modes (illumination settings) and can be switched, for example, between conventional on-axis lighting with different degrees of coherence ⁇ and off-axis lighting.
- a device RS for holding and manipulating the mask M is arranged so that the pattern arranged on the reticle lies in the object plane OS of the projection lens PO, which coincides with the exit plane ES of the lighting system and is also referred to here as the reticle plane OS becomes.
- the substrate to be exposed which in the example is a semiconductor wafer W
- a device WS which includes a scanner drive, to synchronize the wafer with the reticle M perpendicular to the optical axis OA in a scanning direction (y-direction). to move.
- the device WS which is also referred to as “wafer stage”, and the device RS, which is also referred to as “reticle stage”, are part of a scanner device that is controlled via a scanning control device, which in the embodiment is integrated into the central control device CU the projection exposure system PBA is integrated.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic top view of the object plane OS of the projection lens PO (corresponding to the exit plane ES of the lighting system).
- the illumination system ILL illuminates two off-axis illumination fields ILF1, ILF2 with the light from the light source in the exit plane (reticle plane, object plane of the projection lens). These are each rectangular, can be sharply or softly defined and are essentially homogeneously illuminated.
- Each of the illumination fields defines an effective object field actually used during the projection exposure, so that a first effective object field OF1 and a second effective object field OF2 lie in the reticle plane.
- the two nominally identically dimensioned, rectangular effective object fields lie in the y-direction on opposite sides of the optical axis OA, each at a distance outside the optical axis and have a measurement parallel to the y-direction Height A* and a width B* > A* measured perpendicular to it (in the x direction or cross-scan direction).
- the aspect ratio AR B*/A* can be, for example, 2, 2.5, 3, 5, 10 or 15.
- a distance ABF between corresponding field edges in the y-direction (field distance) is twice the distance d* of a field to the optical axis, i.e. 2x38mm, plus a field height (56 mm), i.e. 132 mm.
- the circle OBC centered on the optical axis OA which encloses the effective object fields OF1, OF2 and touches their corners, indicates the size of the object field circle in the rotationally symmetrical system, within which the optical correction at all field points must correspond to the specification. This then also applies to all field points in the effective object fields. Correcting aberrations becomes more complex the larger this object field has to be.
- the size of the circle is parameterized here by the object field radius OBH or half the object field diameter OBH, which at the same time corresponds to the maximum field height of an object field point.
- the object field height OBH is approx. 107 mm.
- the effective image fields IF1, IF2 in the image area IS which are optically conjugate to the effective object fields OF1, OF2, have the same shape and the same aspect ratio between height A and width B as the associated effective object fields, but the absolute field size is the same for reducing projection lenses (with (
- ⁇ 1) reduced by the magnification ß of the projection lens, i.e. A
- A* and B
- a distance ABF field distance measured in the scanning direction (y-direction) between the edges of the effective object fields lying on the same side in the y-direction is selected so that the corresponding distance between corresponding longer edges of the effective image fields IF1, IF2 is precise the length of a “this” to be exposed. This length is 33 mm in the current standard.
- the term “die” refers to a single unpackaged piece of a semiconductor wafer, as a single semiconductor chip without a housing or package.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic overview of a first exemplary embodiment of a lighting system ILL.
- the primary light source LS is a mercury vapor lamp with a collector mirror, which collects the light into an inlet opening Lighting system reflected.
- An alternative, not shown, uses a laser as the light source, for example a frequency-tripled solid-state laser with a wavelength of approximately 355 nm.
- the primary light source is followed by a pupil shaping unit PFU, which is constructed exclusively with refractive optical components and is designed to generate a defined, local (two-dimensional) intensity distribution in a subsequent pupil surface PUP of the lighting system ILL, which is sometimes also referred to as a secondary light source or as an illumination pupil becomes. Since essential properties of the illumination radiation are influenced or shaped by this local intensity distribution, this pupil area is also referred to as the pupil shaping area PUP.
- the pupil shaping unit PFU can be variably adjustable, so that depending on the control of optical components of the pupil shaping unit, different local illumination intensity distributions can be set in the circular illumination pupil, for example a conventional illumination setting with a circular illumination spot centered around the optical axis AX, a dipole illumination or a Quadrupole lighting.
- a refractive field shaping system FFS is optically connected downstream of the pupil shaping unit PFU. This contains the optical components that form the illumination intensity distribution in the exit surface ES of the lighting system from the light from the pupil shaping surface.
- the field shaping system FSF includes a homogenization unit HOM for homogenizing the light received by the pupil shaping unit.
- the homogenization unit has a dual function, since the optical components are also designed in such a way that the illuminating light is divided into a first illuminating beam bundle BS1 and a second illuminating beam bundle BS2, which hit the exit plane at a mutual distance from one another.
- the field shaping system FFS includes a coupling optics EK, which collects the light coming from the pupil shaping surface and couples it into an entrance surface EF1 of an integrator rod arrangement ISA. This is shown enlarged in FIG. 4.
- the integrator rod arrangement ISA includes an input integrator rod IE, which has a flat entry surface EF1, parallel to it a flat exit surface EF2 and four flat side surfaces that form a rectangular cross section.
- the input integrator rod is made of a material that is transparent to the illuminating light. The light is reflected within the input integrator rod by multiple internal reflections on the uncoated or optionally coated lateral surfaces (side surfaces) of the integrator rod are mixed and thereby homogenized and emerges at least partially homogenized from the exit surface AF1.
- the input integrator rod has a continuous rectangular cross section and defines a longitudinal center axis that lies on the optical axis AX of the lighting system.
- the integrator bar arrangement further comprises a first output integrator bar IA1 and a second output integrator bar IA2, each of which has an entry surface EF2-1 or EF2-2 and an exit surface AF2-1 or AF2-2.
- the two output integrator bars IA1 and IA2 each have a rectangular cross-sectional shape and a cross-sectional area that is essentially half the cross-sectional area of the input integrator bar IE.
- the output integrator bars IA1, IA2 are arranged on diametrically opposite sides at a distance from the optical axis AX of the lighting system.
- the first output integrator bar IA1 is optically coupled to a first partial area TF1 of the exit area of the input integrator bar in such a way that light exiting through the first partial area TF1 enters exclusively into the first output integrator bar IA1.
- the first prism P1 has a rectangular, flat entrance surface, which follows the first partial surface TF1 directly with the interposition of an air gap LS and receives the radiation emerging from this partial surface.
- the flat exit surface has the same size and is directly in front of the entrance surface of the first output integrator rod IA1 with the interposition of an air gap.
- the prism also has two flat side surfaces oriented at a 45° angle to the entrance and exit surfaces, each of which has a reflective coating. They can be mirrored, for example, by applying an aluminum layer or a dielectric coating.
- each of the prisms thus optically couples one of the output integrator rods IA1, IA2 to an assigned partial surface TF1, TF1 of the exit surface AF1 of the input integrator rod and guides the light from a position close to the axis to a position away from the axis.
- the light entering the input integrator rod IE is divided essentially equally between the exit surface AF2-1 of the first output integrator rod and the exit surface AF2-2 of the second output integrator rod and at the same time both in the input integrator rod also mixed in the output integrator bars by multiple internal reflection.
- An adjustable field stop BL1 is arranged there, which allows the actually usable field size of the first illumination field IF1 to be adjusted continuously.
- a corresponding second field stop BL2 is arranged at the exit of the second output integrator bar.
- a subsequent REMA lens maps the intermediate field plane of the reticle mask system onto the exit plane of the illumination system or the object plane of the following projection lens.
- the first illumination beam bundle generates the first illumination field ILF1 on one side of the optical axis AX, while the second illumination field ILF2 is illuminated at a distance from the optical axis opposite using the second illumination beam bundle SB2.
- FIG. 5A shows some variants of this basic concept.
- the variant of FIG. 5A differs from the example of FIG. 4 in that the prisms P1 and P2 there are each replaced by a pair of triangular prisms.
- the hypotenuse surfaces of the triangular prisms are each mirrored, the entry and exit surfaces are flat and border an upstream or downstream element across an air gap.
- FIG. 5B illustrates that a further integrator bar ISW1, ISW2 can also be integrated between the input integrator bar IE and the two output integrator bars IA1, IA2.
- 5C and 5D illustrate that the prism arrangement PA, which leads to the division into two illumination beam paths, does not necessarily have to be coupled directly to the exit side of the entrance integrator rod. Rather, further deflection elements and/or integrator rod elements can be interposed.
- both output integrator rods are each designed as a so-called “tapered integrator”.
- the size of the rectangular entrance surface EF1, EF2 essentially corresponds to half of the exit surface area AF1 of the input integrator bar IE, so that the light emerging from the assigned partial area is completely coupled into the output integrator bar .
- the integrator bars each have a constant cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional size over their length
- the cross-sectional area of the output integrators in the example of FIG. 6 changes continuously between the entry surface and the exit surface, so that the two exit surfaces AF2-1 and AF2-2 are arranged diametrically opposite the optical axis at a distance from the optical axis.
- FIG. 7 ff Another exemplary embodiment of a lighting system ILL will now be described with reference to FIG. 7 ff.
- functional groups that have similar or corresponding functions to those in the first exemplary embodiment have corresponding names.
- a significant difference from the previous exemplary embodiments is the structure and operation of the homogenization unit HOM, which is essentially constructed using a modified honeycomb condenser. Details about structure and function can be seen from Fig. 8.
- the homogenization unit HOM comprises a first grid arrangement RA1 with a plurality of first refractive grid elements RE1, which receive the light of the two-dimensional intensity distribution of the pupil-shaping surface PUP and from this generate a grid arrangement of secondary light sources SL1, SL2, etc., which are approximately at a distance from the focal length F1 of the first grid elements RE1 arise behind these.
- the illumination beam bundle coming from the pupil-forming surface is broken down into a plurality of optical channels, with each illuminated first grid element and the associated secondary light source belonging to its own optical channel.
- second grid arrangement RA2 with second refractive grid elements RA2 which is arranged optically behind the first grid arrangement approximately in the area of the secondary light sources SL1 etc. and serves to record light from the respective optical channels or the secondary light sources and to contribute to this Light coming from different optical channels in the area of the exit plane or image plane of the lighting system ILL at least partially superimposed.
- This overlay causes a homogenization or evening out of the light intensity in the exit plane.
- the cross-sectional area or aperture of the first grid elements RE1 determines the shape of the illuminated lighting fields and is rectangular in the example case.
- the first grid elements RE1 are also referred to as field honeycombs.
- the second grid elements RE2 are also referred to as pupil honeycombs and are arranged in the vicinity of the respective secondary light sources. They image the first grid elements RE1 onto an intermediate field plane FE of the lighting system via a downstream field lens. This is then mapped into the exit plane of the lighting system, as in the example above.
- each of the first grid elements RE1 (as in a conventional honeycomb condenser) generates an optical channel belonging to the secondary light source.
- each of the second grid elements RE2 is assigned not only to a first grid element, but to two immediately adjacent first grid elements, for example the grid elements RE1-1 and RE1-2.
- the second grid elements are each formed by a non-sensing element, which is divided into two differently designed sections.
- a first section AB1 acts exclusively on the light of an assigned first grid element in its optical channel.
- a second section AB2 is formed integrally with the first section and lies exclusively in the adjacent second optical channel and accordingly influences its light propagation
- the first optical channel generated by a grid element R1-1 is influenced by the lower half of the subsequent second grid element or its first section AB1 in such a way that the light is introduced via the field lens FL into a first illumination beam bundle BS1, while the light, which is coupled into a second optical channel by the adjacent first grid element R1-2, is influenced by the second section AB2 of the second grid element in such a way that it is coupled into a second illumination beam bundle BS2, which is in relation to the first illumination beam bundle on the optical Axis AX propagates on the opposite side.
- both the entrance surface and the Exit surface in the first section AB1 and in the second section AB2 are each designed aspherical.
- the surface shapes of the first section and the second section do not merge smoothly; instead, a fold line forms on the surface of the second grid element as a dividing line between the two sections.
- a feature of this mixed concept is that in the area of the pupil honeycombs (second grid elements RE2) a dense arrangement of several refractive powers alternating in one spatial direction with two different surface shapes is created. In particular, there is a dense arrangement of refractive powers with transitions that cannot be continuously differentiated.
- the second grid elements RE2 can be conceptually viewed as lenses composed of off-axis lens sections, of which at least one side is preferably aspherical and the size of which corresponds to that of an associated field honeycomb.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic meridional lens section of an embodiment of a catadioptric projection objective PO with selected beams to illustrate the imaging beam path of the projection radiation passing through the projection objective during operation.
- the projection lens is intended as a reducing imaging system to image a pattern of a mask arranged in its object plane OS on a reduced scale, for example on a scale of 1:4, onto its image plane IS aligned parallel to the object plane.
- the projection lens is designed as a double field projection lens. It is able to move the first effective object field OF1 arranged outside the optical axis OA in the object plane OS along a first projection beam path RP1 into a first effective image field IF1 located outside the optical axis OA in the image plane IS and at the same time in relation to the first object field to image the second effective object field OF2 located opposite the optical axis and arranged outside the optical axis in the object plane along a second projection beam path RP2 into a second effective image field IF2 located outside the optical axis in the image plane.
- the projection lens comprises a large number of optical elements, including numerous lenses (e.g. between 15 and 25 lenses) as well as exactly two concave mirrors CM1, CM1, with exactly one concave mirror in each of the projection beam paths.
- a majority of the parts are arranged along first sections OA1 of the optical axis OA, these first sections being coaxial with one another perpendicular to the object plane OS and Image plane IS.
- the concave mirrors CM1, CM2 are arranged on opposite sides of the first sections OA1 and define second sections OA2 of the optical axis, which together with the first sections define an axis plane (which lies in the drawing plane in FIG. 9).
- the Concave mirrors of the example are arranged coaxially to one another on opposite sides of the first sections, the second sections OA2 of the optical axis are perpendicular to the first sections OA1, so that a cross shape results.
- the optical elements are arranged and designed mirror-symmetrically to a plane of symmetry SYM, which runs perpendicular to the axis plane (here drawing plane) through the first sections OA1.
- a first deflection unit ULE1 in the assigned projection beam path for redirecting the radiation coming from the object plane OS to the concave mirror and a second deflection unit ULE2 for redirecting the radiation coming from the concave mirror in the direction of the image plane IS.
- the deflection units ULE1, ULE2 are each arranged on the side of the symmetry plane SYM facing the associated concave mirror CM1 or CM2.
- IMI real intermediate images
- a first lens part OP1 constructed exclusively with transparent optical elements and therefore refractive (dioptric), is designed in such a way that the pattern in each of the illuminated effective object fields is slightly reduced (image scale, for example, in the range from approx. 1.85:1 to approx. 1.75:1) is imaged in the first intermediate image IMI1-1, IMI1-2 of the respective projection beam path.
- a second, catadioptric lens part OP2 essentially forms the first intermediate images of the projection beam paths onto the respective associated second intermediate image IMI2 without changing the size.
- the second lens part OP2 includes a separate concave mirror CM1, CM2 and three upstream double-pass lenses for each of the projection beam paths.
- the projection beam paths separate and run along separate optical paths through separate partial lenses before they are brought together again to form shared lenses in the area of the second intermediate image IMI2.
- the second intermediate image IMI2 lies between the two individual mirrors of ULE2, ie the projection beam paths are still separated at the second mirrors of ULE2 and only then are they brought together again.
- a third, refractive lens part OP3 is designed to image the second intermediate images IMI2-1, IMI2-2 on a reduced scale in the image plane IS.
- All lenses of the first objective part OP1 and all lenses of the third objective part OP3 and thus all lenses on the first sections OA1 of the optical axis are common to both projection beam paths.
- the footprints of the projection beam paths on the individual lens surfaces, i.e. the surface areas exposed to radiation, are each symmetrical to the SYM plane of symmetry. Any lens heating effects, particularly in lenses close to the field, are therefore essentially symmetrical to the plane of symmetry, which simplifies any possible correction.
- each of the projection beam paths there are pupil surfaces or pupil planes P1, P2, P3 between the object plane and the first intermediate image, between the first and the second intermediate image and between the second intermediate image and the image plane, where the main ray CR of the optical image is the optical one Axis OA intersects.
- the aperture stop (stop) of the system can be attached in the area of the pupil surface P3 of the third objective part OP3.
- the pupil surface P2 within the catadioptric second objective part OP2 is in the immediate vicinity of the respective concave mirror CM.
- a negative group NG with at least one negative lens with a diverging effect is arranged in each of the two projection beam paths in the immediate vicinity of the associated concave mirror CM1, CM2 in an area close to the pupil.
- the “near-pupil area” refers here to an area in which the marginal ray height (MRH) of the image is greater than the main ray height (CRH).
- the edge beam height in the area of the negative group can be at least twice as large as the main beam height.
- a concave mirror has positive refractive power just like a positive lens, but one compared to a positive lens reverse effect on the curvature of the field of view. Additionally, concave mirrors do not introduce chromatic aberrations. Catadioptric system parts with a concave mirror close to the pupil and an adjacent negative lens (Schupmann achromat) are therefore a well-suited means of achromatizing projection lenses.
- a double positive lens PL can be arranged between the respective deflection unit and the negative group; this can also be omitted in other exemplary embodiments (see Table 3).
- the deflection units ULE1, ULE2 are not designed as simply reflecting plane mirrors or deflection mirrors. Instead, the first deflection unit ULE1 and the second deflection unit ULE2 each have a substantially flat first reflection surface RF1 and an immediately following, essentially flat second reflection surface RF2.
- the reflection surfaces are each tilted relative to the plane of symmetry SYM by different tilting angles about tilting axes running orthogonally to the first and second sections.
- the first reflection surface RF1 serves to redirect the radiation coming from the object plane OS to the second reflection surface RF2 and the second reflection surface serves to redirect the radiation coming from the first reflection surface RF1 in the direction of the image plane.
- the first reflection surface RF1 is the one that receives the beam bundles coming from the last lens of the first objective part OP1 and reflects them in the direction of the immediately following second reflection surface RF2. This then reflects the beam bundles within the second objective part OP2 to the associated concave mirror CM. After reflection on this and two passes through the three upstream channels, the beam bundles then hit the second deflection unit ULE2, its first reflection surface RF1 deflects the beam bundles to the second reflection surface RF2, which reflects in the direction of the first lens of the third lens part OP3.
- the tilt angle KW of a reflection surface is defined as the angle that the surface normal NOR of the reflection surface includes with the input-side optical axis
- the tilt angle of the first reflection surfaces on the side of the first lens part is 67.5°.
- the tilt angle is then only 22.5°, which corresponds to the supplementary angle of the first tilt angle to a 90° angle.
- the second deflection units ULE2 i.e. those that deflect the beam bundles coming from the respective concave mirrors CM in the direction of the third objective part OP3, with the second sections OA2 of the optical axis now counting as the input-side optical axis.
- a 90° deflection is achieved in two immediately successive steps, namely once by x degrees and the second time by 90-x°.
- the two associated reflection surfaces of a deflection unit are each located on one and the same side of the symmetry plane SYM, namely on the side in which the associated concave mirror CM is located.
- Both reflection surfaces RF1, RF2 of a deflection unit ULE are each optically close to the first intermediate image IMI1 of the associated projection beam path, so that the footprint of the beam on the reflection surface appears more or less rectangular with rounded corners and is at a distance from the optical axis, but close to this is located. More precisely, the first intermediate image lies between the two reflection surfaces RF1, RF2, in this way both reflection surfaces are close to the intermediate image. With an imaging scale of the first lens part OP1 with at most very low magnification or slight reduction, the size of the intermediate image is not or only slightly larger than the size of the generating effective object field OF, so that mirror surfaces with compact dimensions are sufficient to transfer the entire beam bundle to the downstream optical one without vignetting element to reflect.
- the reflection from the first reflection surface RF1 to the second reflection surface RF2 which can also have very compact dimensions because it is still in the optical proximity of the first intermediate image, in particular in a region in which the subaperture ratio SAR is smaller in magnitude than is 0.3.
- SAR is between 0.2 and 0.3.
- the optical proximity or the optical distance of an optical surface to a reference plane is described in this application by the so-called subaperture ratio SAR.
- the subaperture ratio SAR of an optical surface is defined as follows for the purposes of this application:
- Main beam height is understood to mean the beam height of the main beam of a field point of the object field with a maximum field height in terms of magnitude.
- the beam height here is to be understood as having a sign.
- the edge beam height is understood to mean the beam height of a beam with maximum aperture starting from the intersection of the optical axis with the object plane. This field point does not have to contribute to the transmission of the pattern arranged in the object plane - especially in the case of off-axis image fields.
- the subaperture ratio is a signed quantity that is a measure of the field or pupil proximity of a plane in the beam path.
- the subaperture ratio is normalized to values between -1 and +1, with the subaperture ratio being zero in every field plane and with the subaperture ratio jumping from -1 to +1 in a pupil plane or vice versa.
- a magnitude subaperture ratio of 1 thus determines a pupil plane.
- Levels close to the field therefore have subaperture ratios that are close to 0, while levels close to the pupil have subaperture ratios that are close to 1 in magnitude.
- the sign of the subaperture ratio indicates the position of the plane in front of or behind a reference plane.
- the reflection surfaces can nominally be designed as flat surfaces, i.e. define a mathematical level up to manufacturing tolerances. It is also possible to design individual or all reflection surfaces with defined deviations from a plane, so that the reflection surfaces can serve as correction surfaces for aberrations such as distortion, etc.
- the reflection surfaces are each manufactured as individual mirrors and housed in separate holders.
- the example of FIG. 10 shows that two of the deflection mirrors or reflection surfaces can be combined as a triangular prism. These triangular prisms can be held together in the middle of the star-shaped cross section of the deflection unit. Alternatively, everyone can opt for redirection
- the necessary mirrors can be combined and designed as a complex prism with a star-shaped side surface.
- the prism can, for example, consist of several individual prisms that are cemented or blasted together.
- FIGS. 11A to 11C Three folding situations are shown in comparison in FIGS. 11A to 11C.
- Figure 11A shows a “classic” convolution in a catadioptric projection lens with a single concave mirror CM.
- the first deflection mirror FS1 which reflects the radiation coming from the object plane OS to the concave mirror CM, lies on the side of the parts of the optical axis that are perpendicular to the object and image planes and which is remote from the concave mirror.
- the second deflecting mirror which deflects the rays coming from the concave mirror into the third lens part.
- the deflection unit should be located on the side of the optical axis facing the associated horizontal arm or concave mirror.
- Fig. 11B shows an attempt at implementation with conventional plane mirrors.
- the folding mirrors FS each reflect in the other direction, i.e. the concave mirror is on the side that is opposite the effective object field. In this case, the folding mirrors are in their own beam path. There is no functioning system.
- FIG OA2 is that in FIG OA2.
- Figure 11B this is just the opposite.
- the second deflection unit would have to be to the left of the first deflection mirror (i.e. closer to the object plane) and thus in the object's beam path - the first deflection mirror.
- FIG. 11C shows the folding with two deflection mirrors per 90° deflection, i.e. with a two-stage reflecting deflection unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that this makes it possible to separate the beam paths leading to the individual concave mirrors.
- An increase in throughput can be achieved by the ability to expose two off-axis fields simultaneously.
- the second lens part contains two catadioptric partial lenses, i.e. two horizontal arms, each of which contains a concave mirror.
- the lens parts containing the concave mirrors are each symmetrical to the plane of symmetry.
- the axis of symmetry is an imaginary line that runs through the optical axis OA and runs parallel to the broad sides of the effective image field.
- the field spacing ABBF of the two effective image fields in the scanning direction (y-direction) is ideally such that the sum of the slot width of a field (A*) and the distance between the two fields corresponds exactly to the width of a stepper field (see situation in Fig. 2 , which shows the object field).
- the double fields can be used either scanning for a double exposure or using a step-and-scan method.
- the substrate for example a wafer
- the substrate is then exposed in quick succession through the first field with the first structure and then through the second field with the second, identical structure.
- areas at the very edge of the wafer are only exposed once. This can be prevented if the scan is started with some overflow. It is conceivable that the second image field is hidden in the overflow area.
- FIG. 12A shows a schematic top view of a wafer on which numerous rectangular exposure units DIE (Dies) with the current standard dimensions of 26 mm wide and 32 mm long are provided directly adjacent to one another.
- DIE Dies
- FIG. 12B illustrate a typical conventional scanning process.
- the wafer moves in a meandering pattern underneath Projection lens or the image field used for exposure or the scanning slot.
- a scanning phase which is shown as a solid line in FIGS. 12A, 12B, the substrate and the mask or the wafer and the reticle move at a uniform and adjusted speed (depending on the magnification of the projection lens) and a die is exposed .
- FIGS. 12A, 12B After each scanning process, there is a change in direction, which is marked by dashed lines in FIGS. 12A, 12B.
- the movement of the reticle is stopped while the wafer moves.
- the movement includes a deceleration phase, a movement perpendicular to the scanning direction and then an acceleration in the opposite direction. There is no exposure during the change of direction, so this phase is not productive.
- 12A, 12B schematically illustrate the timing of the two phases.
- FIG. 13B shows various phases of a scanning process using a dual-field projection exposure system with two rigidly coupled scanning slots with a geometry that is shown schematically in FIG. 13A.
- the scan phases now extend over the length of two immediately successive dies, so that two dies can be exposed at the same time during a scan phase.
- the unproductive change of direction only occurs half as often as in the classic scanning process in the sense that in the classic process a change of direction occurs after scanning one die, whereas in the case of a double field it only occurs after scanning two dies there is a change of direction.
- the two scanning slots or the effective image fields are arranged according to FIG. 13A.
- the scanning process for double exposure corresponds to the scanning process for a single field in terms of reticle and wafer movement. One die is exposed for the first time and an adjacent die is exposed for the second time.
- the difference to the scanning process for an individual field is that the illumination of one of the two fields at the top and bottom edge of the wafer must be switched off so that the exposure does not extend beyond the edge of the wafer.
- FIG. 14 shows a lens section through a catadioptric projection objective PO-X, which images an effective object field lying outside the optical axis in the object plane into an off-axis effective image field lying in an image plane.
- Two real intermediate images IMI1-X and IMI2-X are created between the object plane and the image plane.
- the projection lens has a single concave mirror with an upstream negative group to assist in correcting chromatic apparitions.
- a first deflection unit ULE1-X directs the radiation coming from the object plane in the direction of the concave mirror.
- a second deflection unit ULE2-X directs the radiation reflected by the concave mirror towards the image plane.
- the first deflection unit ULE-X is designed as a two-stage reflecting deflection unit. This has a first reflection surface RF1-X, which deflects the radiation coming from the object in the direction of an immediately following second reflection surface RF2-X. This then reflects the radiation towards the concave mirror.
- the two reflection surfaces can then be arranged on separate individual mirrors, preferably they are formed on a common support element in order to fix the mutual orientation. Between the object plane and the image plane there are two intermediate images and a total of four reflections, so that the sum of intermediate images and reflections is an even number. This avoids the image flip that exists in conventional systems of this type (see FIG. 11 A).
- the first deflection unit could also be single-stage and the second deflection unit could be two-stage.
- the deflection mirrors are arranged optically close to the associated intermediate images, i.e. in an area close to the field.
- two-stage reflecting deflection units of the type described in this application is not limited to the exemplary embodiments. It is also possible, to use such deflection units in a projection lens, which only produces an intermediate image between the object plane and the image plane or produces a direct image without an intermediate image. It may be that a two-stage reflecting deflection unit is arranged in the projection beam path behind an upstream plane mirror and/or in front of a downstream deflection mirror.
- the specification of the respective design is summarized in tabular form in the tables.
- the “SURF” column gives the number of a breaking or otherwise marked surface
- the “RADIUS” column gives the radius r of the surface (in mm)
- the “THICKNESS” column gives the distance d of the surface to the following surface (in mm), known as the thickness.
- column “MATERIAL” indicates the material of the optical components.
- Columns “INDEX1”, INDEX2” and “INDEX3” indicate the refractive index of the material at the wavelengths 365.5 nm (INDEX1), 364.5 nm (INDEX2) and 366.5 nm (INDEX3).
- the “SEMIDIAM” column shows the usable free radii or half the free optical diameter of the lenses (in mm) or the optical elements.
- Some optical surfaces are aspherical. Tables with the addition “A” give the corresponding aspheric data, whereby the aspherical surfaces are calculated according to the following rule:
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202380042057.5A CN119317868A (zh) | 2022-05-25 | 2023-05-15 | 折反射式投影物镜、投影曝光设备和投影曝光方法 |
| JP2024569660A JP2025516994A (ja) | 2022-05-25 | 2023-05-15 | 反射屈折投影対物レンズ、投影照明系、および投影照明方法 |
| US18/948,801 US20250068083A1 (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2024-11-15 | Catadioptric projection objective, projection illumination system and projection illumination method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102022205272.2 | 2022-05-25 | ||
| DE102022205272.2A DE102022205272A1 (de) | 2022-05-25 | 2022-05-25 | Katadioptrisches Projektionsobjektiv, Projektionsbelichtungsanlage und Projektionsbelichtungsverfahren |
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| US18/948,801 Continuation US20250068083A1 (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2024-11-15 | Catadioptric projection objective, projection illumination system and projection illumination method |
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| WO2023227397A1 true WO2023227397A1 (de) | 2023-11-30 |
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| US (1) | US20250068083A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025516994A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119317868A (de) |
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| WO (1) | WO2023227397A1 (de) |
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- 2023-05-15 JP JP2024569660A patent/JP2025516994A/ja active Pending
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| US8634060B2 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2014-01-21 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Method for a multiple exposure, microlithography projection exposure installation and a projection system |
| US20130120728A1 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2013-05-16 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Catadioptric projection objective with mirror group |
| US20060082904A1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-20 | Takashi Kato | Catadioptric projection optical system and exposure apparatus having the same |
| EP2003507A1 (de) * | 2006-03-20 | 2008-12-17 | Nikon Corporation | Abtastbelichtungsvorrichtung, mikrobauelement-herstellungsverfahren, maske, optische projektionsvorrichtung und maskenherstellungsverfahren |
| DE102006022958A1 (de) | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-22 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Projektionsbelichtungsanlage, Projektionsbelichtungsverfahren und Verwendung eines Projektionsobjektivs |
| US20080259440A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-23 | Nikon Corporation | Projection optical system, exposure apparatus, and device manufacturing method |
| US20100053583A1 (en) | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-04 | Daniel Gene Smith | Exposure apparatus with an illumination system generating multiple illumination beams |
| US20100053738A1 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Nikon Corporation | High NA Catadioptric Imaging Optics For Imaging A reticle to a Pair of Imaging Locations |
| US8705170B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2014-04-22 | Nikon Corporation | High NA catadioptric imaging optics for imaging A reticle to a pair of imaging locations |
| US8384875B2 (en) | 2008-09-29 | 2013-02-26 | Nikon Corporation | Exposure apparatus, exposure method, and method for producing device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250068083A1 (en) | 2025-02-27 |
| CN119317868A (zh) | 2025-01-14 |
| DE102022205272A1 (de) | 2023-11-30 |
| JP2025516994A (ja) | 2025-05-30 |
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