WO2023226285A1 - High-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolyzer - Google Patents

High-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolyzer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023226285A1
WO2023226285A1 PCT/CN2022/126238 CN2022126238W WO2023226285A1 WO 2023226285 A1 WO2023226285 A1 WO 2023226285A1 CN 2022126238 W CN2022126238 W CN 2022126238W WO 2023226285 A1 WO2023226285 A1 WO 2023226285A1
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pressure
regulating valve
input power
external input
precision
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PCT/CN2022/126238
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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张存满
张在尊
金黎明
耿振
吕洪
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同济大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C25B15/023—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production through electrolysis of water, and in particular to a high-precision active pressure control method for an alkaline water electrolyzer.
  • renewable energy to produce hydrogen such as using electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen
  • Alkaline water electrolyzer is the most mature electrolyzer used in industrial water electrolysis and is the key equipment for renewable energy electrolysis water hydrogen production technology.
  • the input current has the characteristics of fluctuation and intermittent, that is, fluctuating working conditions will occur.
  • traditional water electrolysis hydrogen production The response of the equipment under fluctuating operating conditions is insufficient, and the design of existing electrolyzers still lacks consideration of fluctuating operating conditions.
  • the pressure of existing alkaline electrolyzers is controlled by a single gas pressure regulating valve on the hydrogen side and a single gas pressure regulating valve on the oxygen side, and the pressure in the electrolytic cell is monitored by a pressure sensor.
  • the production rate of hydrogen fluctuates with the input power.
  • the gas production volumes on the hydrogen side and the oxygen side are different.
  • the pressure on both sides of the hydrogen and oxygen sides will fluctuate. Due to the accuracy of a single gas regulating valve, It is limited and cannot satisfy the pressure stability under various fluctuating working conditions.
  • the efficiency of hydrogen production, the quality of hydrogen and the safety of hydrogen production equipment will be affected, which increases the operating cost of the electrolyzer and shortens the service life of the equipment.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-precision active pressure control method for an alkaline water electrolyzer in order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and determine the opening of the pressure regulating valve by obtaining the external input power in real time.
  • the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve is roughly adjusted, and then the opening of the pressure regulating valve is finely adjusted according to the increase or decrease of the external input power.
  • Two different pressure regulating valves are used, one with high precision and large flow rate and the other with low precision and small flow rate, so as to adapt to different fluctuating working conditions. pressure changes under pressure to meet the demand for pressure stability.
  • a high-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolyzers is implemented based on a high-precision pressure control system.
  • the high-precision pressure control system includes a control unit, a pressure sensor and a pressure regulating valve.
  • the control unit is connected with the pressure sensor and The pressure regulating valve is connected, and the pressure sensor is provided with two groups, which are respectively connected to the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolytic cell, and are used to measure the pressure data inside the electrolytic cell;
  • the pressure regulating valve is provided with two groups, which are respectively set The hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolyzer are used to adjust the pressure inside the electrolyzer.
  • Each set of pressure regulating valves includes a large flow regulating valve and a small flow regulating valve, and the large flow regulating valve and the small flow regulating valve are connected in parallel. ;
  • the high-precision active pressure control method includes the following steps:
  • step S2 multiple power ranges are preset, and a corresponding pressure setting value is preset for each power range.
  • the rated input power of the electrolytic cell is X0
  • the working range is 0.3X0 ⁇ 1.2X0
  • the external input power X1 Preferably, obtain the external input power X1.
  • 0.3X0 ⁇ X1 ⁇ 0.5X0 use a small flow regulating valve to adjust the pressure; when 0.5X0 ⁇
  • X0 ⁇ X1 ⁇ 1.2X0 the large flow regulating valve and the small flow regulating valve work at the same time to adjust the pressure.
  • the gas change amount includes a hydrogen change amount and an oxygen change amount
  • the hydrogen change amount ⁇ H 2 and oxygen change amount ⁇ O 2 satisfy the following relationship with the current change amount ⁇ I:
  • the units of ⁇ H 2 and ⁇ O 2 are mol/s, F is the Faraday coefficient, and the value is 96500C/mol.
  • the high-precision pressure control system also includes a pressure maintaining valve, and the pressure maintaining valve is provided with two groups, respectively located at the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolytic cell, for maintaining the pressure inside the electrolytic cell.
  • the large flow regulating valve and the small flow regulating valve are electromagnetic regulating valves.
  • control unit is connected to the pressure sensor and the pressure regulating valve through signal data lines.
  • the control unit includes a data acquisition module, a computing module and an execution module;
  • the data acquisition module is connected to the external input power supply and the pressure sensor of the electrolytic cell, and is used to obtain the external input power of the electrolytic cell and the real-time pressure inside the electrolytic cell.
  • the computing module is connected to the data acquisition module and the execution module, and is used to calculate the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to external input power and real-time pressure;
  • the execution module is connected to the pressure regulating valve, and is used to control the pressure regulating valve according to the output of the computing module the opening.
  • the high-precision pressure control system further includes an alarm, which is connected to the control unit and used to send an alarm signal.
  • the alarm includes a buzzer and an LED light.
  • the high-precision pressure control system further includes a display screen, and the display screen is connected to the control unit.
  • the display screen is a touch display screen.
  • the display screen is connected to the control unit through a signal data line.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • a set of pressure regulating valves includes a large flow regulating valve and a small flow regulating valve. It adopts two different pressure regulating valves, high-precision large flow and low-precision small flow.
  • the large flow regulating valve is used to stabilize the pressure and the small flow regulating valve is used.
  • the valve is used to accurately control the pressure range and can provide a variety of pressure adjustment strategies, so that it can adapt to pressure changes under different fluctuating working conditions and meet the demand for pressure stability.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of a high-precision active pressure control method for an alkaline water electrolyzer
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision pressure control system
  • Control unit 2. Pressure sensor, 3. Large flow regulating valve, 4. Small flow regulating valve, 5. Pressure maintaining valve, 6. Electrolytic cell.
  • a high-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolyzers is implemented based on a high-precision pressure control system.
  • the high-precision pressure control system includes a control unit 1, a pressure sensor 2, a pressure maintaining valve 5 and a pressure Regulating valve, the control unit 1 is connected to the pressure sensor 2 and the pressure regulating valve, and the control unit 1 is also connected to an external power supply to obtain external input power;
  • the pressure sensor 2 is provided with two groups, which are respectively connected to the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolytic tank 6, and are used to measure the pressure data inside the electrolytic tank 6;
  • the pressure maintaining valve 5 is provided with two groups, which are respectively installed in the electrolytic tank 6.
  • the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet are used to maintain the pressure inside the electrolytic tank 6;
  • there are two sets of pressure regulating valves which are respectively provided at the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolytic tank 6, and are used to adjust the pressure inside the electrolytic tank 6.
  • each set of pressure regulating valves includes a large flow regulating valve 3 and a small flow regulating valve 4, and the large flow regulating valve 3 and the small flow regulating valve 4 are connected in parallel.
  • the external input power determines the size of the current in the electrolytic cell 6, and the current determines the size of the gas production.
  • the gas production volume is larger in the high power range and smaller in the low power range.
  • this application designed a high-precision pressure control system.
  • a set of pressure regulating valves includes a large flow regulating valve 3 and a small flow regulating valve 4. Two different pressure regulating valves are used, namely high-precision large flow and low-precision small flow.
  • the large flow regulating valve 3 is used to stabilize the pressure
  • the small flow regulating valve 4 is used to accurately control the pressure range. They can be used alone or in combination to adapt to pressure changes under different fluctuating working conditions and meet the need for pressure stability. .
  • control unit 1 is connected to the pressure sensor 2 and the pressure regulating valve through signal data lines.
  • the large flow regulating valve 3 and the small flow regulating valve 4 are electromagnetic regulating valves, which are easy to control.
  • the control unit 1 includes a data acquisition module, a computing module and an execution module; the data acquisition module is connected to the external input power supply of the electrolytic tank 6 and the pressure sensor 2, and is used to obtain the external input power of the electrolytic tank 6 and the real-time internal power of the electrolytic tank 6. pressure; the computing module is connected to the data acquisition module and the execution module, and is used to calculate the opening of the pressure regulating valve based on external input power and real-time pressure; the execution module is connected to the pressure regulating valve, and is used to control the opening of the pressure regulating valve based on the output of the computing module .
  • the control unit 1 can determine a suitable pressure value and use PID control logic to control the opening of the pressure regulating valve.
  • the low-precision large-flow regulating valve 3 is mainly used to stabilize the pressure of the water electrolyzer, and the high-precision small-flow regulating valve 4 is used for for precise control of pressure range.
  • the pressure control system also includes an alarm.
  • the alarm is connected to the control unit 1 and is used to send an alarm signal, which can detect when the pressure is too high, the pressure is too low, When the external input power is too high or the external input power is too low, it will alarm and prompt the staff to handle it.
  • the alarm includes a buzzer and LED light, which can send out audible and visual alarm signals.
  • the pressure control system also includes a display screen, which is connected to the control unit 1.
  • the display screen is a touch display screen and is connected to the control unit 1 through a signal data line. Through the display screen, parameters such as external input power, pressure within the electrolytic cell 6, valve opening of the pressure regulating valve, and hydrogen and oxygen gas production can be visualized, making it easier for staff to monitor the operating status of the electrolytic cell 6.
  • the high-precision active pressure control method includes the following steps:
  • the external input power may change at any time under fluctuating conditions
  • the external input power and the real-time pressure of the electrolyzer are monitored in real time. Once the external input power changes and is not within the originally determined power range, then Immediately re-execute step S2 to achieve real-time pressure control.
  • step S2 multiple power ranges are preset, and a corresponding pressure setting value is preset for each power range.
  • the electrolytic cell When the electrolytic cell is working in the high power range, set a larger pressure in the electrolytic cell. At this time, the gas flow is larger.
  • Use a large flow regulating valve with a large flow range. First increase the electrolytic cell pressure to the set value and control it through The unit stabilizes the pressure in the electrolytic cell near the set value; when the electrolytic cell is working in the low power range, a smaller pressure in the electrolytic cell is set. At this time, the gas flow is small, and the small flow regulating valve with a small flow range is activated. , first reduce the pressure of the electrolytic cell to the set value, and stabilize the pressure in the electrolytic cell near the set value through the control unit.
  • three power ranges are set in this embodiment, and the pressure setting values corresponding to each power range are determined respectively, as follows:
  • the pressure inside the electrolyzer is stabilized around the pressure setting value through a pressure regulating valve.
  • a set of pressure regulating valves, a large flow regulating valve and a small flow regulating valve when 0.3X0 ⁇ X1 ⁇ 0.5X0, that is, The electrolytic cell works in the low power range, the current is small, and the gas produced changes little.
  • the low-precision small flow regulating valve can provide better control when working under low power conditions.
  • the pressure range improves the pressure control accuracy and improves the stability of the electrolyzer under low input power conditions; when 0.5X0 ⁇ X1 ⁇ 0.8X0, use a large flow regulating valve to adjust the pressure; when 0.8X0 ⁇ X1 ⁇ 1.2X0 At this time, the large flow regulating valve and the small flow regulating valve work at the same time to adjust the pressure. In addition, when the electrolytic cell is in stable working condition, the external input power will not change suddenly, and the large flow regulating valve and the small flow regulating valve can work at the same time.
  • the low precision large flow regulating valve is used to stabilize the pressure, and the high precision small flow regulating valve is used for for precise control of pressure range.
  • step S3 if the input power suddenly increases, the control unit calculates the approximate valve opening that needs to be changed based on the power change, and gradually increases the valve opening in advance to maintain the stability of the electrolytic cell pressure; if the input power suddenly decreases, the control unit calculates the valve opening that needs to be changed based on the power change.
  • the change calculation roughly needs to change the valve opening, which is relatively early and gradually reduces the valve opening to maintain the stability of the electrolytic cell pressure.
  • the external input power is still within the power range determined in step S2, and the amount of change is small. , you can rely on the small flow regulating valve for precise pressure control. If the external input power mutation is not within the power range determined in step S2, step S2 needs to be performed again.
  • the gas change amount includes the hydrogen change amount and the oxygen change amount.
  • the hydrogen change amount ⁇ H 2 and oxygen change amount ⁇ O 2 and the current change amount ⁇ I satisfy the following relationship:
  • the units of ⁇ H 2 and ⁇ O 2 are mol/s, F is the Faraday coefficient, and the value is 96500C/mol.
  • the opening of the pressure regulating valve can be determined.
  • step S3 of this application after the external input power increases or decreases, the pressure regulating valve begins to be adjusted. , in fact, the valve is controlled in advance before the gas volume reaches the change amount.
  • the pressure regulating valve After the external input power increases, based on the calculated changes in generated hydrogen and oxygen, calculate the valve opening required to stabilize the current internal pressure of the electrolytic cell, and gradually increase the valve opening of the pressure regulating valve in advance to maintain the electrolytic cell pressure.
  • Stable after the external input power is reduced, based on the calculated changes in hydrogen and oxygen, calculate the valve opening required to stabilize the current internal pressure of the electrolyzer, and gradually reduce the valve opening of the pressure regulating valve in advance to maintain electrolysis The stability of tank pressure.
  • the pressure setting value is first determined according to the power range of the external input power to initially stabilize the internal pressure of the electrolyzer, and then the electrolysis is adjusted in real time according to the increase or decrease of the external input power.
  • the cell pressure can maintain the electrolytic cell working in the optimal pressure range, adapt to dynamic working conditions, improve the efficiency of the electrolytic cell, avoid the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen caused by the pressure imbalance in the electrolytic cell, and improve the stability and stability of the electrolytic cell. safety.
  • This application adopts real-time feedback control for pressure control, real-time monitoring of external input power and internal pressure of the electrolytic cell, setting the most appropriate working pressure of the alkaline water electrolyzer according to the external input power, and enabling pressure adjustment according to the set alkaline water electrolytic cell pressure.
  • the valve first stabilizes the pressure of the alkaline water electrolyzer within the range of ideal working conditions, and then adjusts the high-precision small flow regulating valve to control the pressure of the alkaline water electrolyzer with high precision.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-precision active pressure control method for an alkaline water electrolyzer, comprising the following steps: acquiring external input power of the electrolyzer and real-time pressure in the electrolyzer under a fluctuating working condition; determining a power range where the external input power is located, determining a pressure setting value according to the power range where the external input power is located, and stabilizing the pressure in the electrolyzer to the pressure setting value; and if the external input power is increased or decreased, determining the opening degree, needing to be changed, of pressure regulating valves according to a power change value, and gradually increasing or decreasing the opening degree of the pressure regulating valves. Compared with the prior art, according to the present invention, the external input power is acquired in real time to determine the pressure setting value so as to roughly adjust the opening degree of the pressure regulating valves, then the opening degree of the pressure regulating valves is finely adjusted according to increase and decrease of the external input power, and two different types of pressure regulating valves, i.e., high-precision large-flow pressure regulating valves and low-precision small-flow pressure regulating valves are used, such that the pressure change under different fluctuation working conditions can be adapted, and the requirement for pressure stability is satisfied.

Description

一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法A high-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolyzers 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及电解水制氢技术领域，尤其是涉及一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法。The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production through electrolysis of water, and in particular to a high-precision active pressure control method for an alkaline water electrolyzer.
背景技术Background technique
利用可再生能源制氢，如利用风能、太阳能等可再生能源产生的电力进行电解水制氢，能够节约电力资源，优化传统电解水制氢的能源利用结构，实现规模化制氢。碱性水电解槽是工业水电解中应用最成熟的电解槽，是可再生能源电解水制氢技术的关键装备。但是，风、光等新能源产生的电力作为电解水制氢设备的输入进行电解水制氢时，输入电流具有波动性和间歇性的特点，即会出现波动工况，而传统电解水制氢设备在波动工况下的响应力不足，现有电解槽的设计仍缺乏对波动工况的考虑。Using renewable energy to produce hydrogen, such as using electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, can save electricity resources, optimize the energy utilization structure of traditional electrolytic water hydrogen production, and achieve large-scale hydrogen production. Alkaline water electrolyzer is the most mature electrolyzer used in industrial water electrolysis and is the key equipment for renewable energy electrolysis water hydrogen production technology. However, when the electricity generated by new energy sources such as wind and light is used as the input of water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, the input current has the characteristics of fluctuation and intermittent, that is, fluctuating working conditions will occur. However, traditional water electrolysis hydrogen production The response of the equipment under fluctuating operating conditions is insufficient, and the design of existing electrolyzers still lacks consideration of fluctuating operating conditions.
一般而言，现有碱性电解槽的压力由氢气侧的单个气体压力调节阀和氧气侧的单个气体压力调节阀进行控制，通过压力传感器监测电解槽内的压力。但在波动工况下，氢气的生产速率随输入功率而波动，氢气侧和氧气侧的产气量不同，在波动工况下会导致氢氧两侧的压力产生波动，由于单个气体调节阀的精度有限，无法满足各类波动工况下的压力稳定，制氢的效率、氢气的质量及制氢装置的安全性均会受到影响，增加了电解槽的运行成本，缩短了设备的使用寿命。Generally speaking, the pressure of existing alkaline electrolyzers is controlled by a single gas pressure regulating valve on the hydrogen side and a single gas pressure regulating valve on the oxygen side, and the pressure in the electrolytic cell is monitored by a pressure sensor. However, under fluctuating working conditions, the production rate of hydrogen fluctuates with the input power. The gas production volumes on the hydrogen side and the oxygen side are different. Under fluctuating working conditions, the pressure on both sides of the hydrogen and oxygen sides will fluctuate. Due to the accuracy of a single gas regulating valve, It is limited and cannot satisfy the pressure stability under various fluctuating working conditions. The efficiency of hydrogen production, the quality of hydrogen and the safety of hydrogen production equipment will be affected, which increases the operating cost of the electrolyzer and shortens the service life of the equipment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，通过实时获取外部输入功率来确定压力设定值对压力调节阀的开度进行粗调，再根据外部输入功率的增减对压力调节阀的开度进行细调，采用高精度大流量和低精度小流量的两种不同的压力调节阀，从而可以适应不同波动工况下的压力变化，满足压力稳定的需求。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-precision active pressure control method for an alkaline water electrolyzer in order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and determine the opening of the pressure regulating valve by obtaining the external input power in real time. The opening degree of the pressure regulating valve is roughly adjusted, and then the opening of the pressure regulating valve is finely adjusted according to the increase or decrease of the external input power. Two different pressure regulating valves are used, one with high precision and large flow rate and the other with low precision and small flow rate, so as to adapt to different fluctuating working conditions. pressure changes under pressure to meet the demand for pressure stability.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：The object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，基于高精度压力控制系统实现，所述高精度压力控制系统包括控制单元、压力传感器和压力调节阀，所述控制单元与压力传感器和压力调节阀相连接，所述压力传感器设有两组，分别连接电解槽的氢气侧出口和氧气侧出口，用于测量电解槽内部的压力数据；所述压力调节阀设有两组，分别设置在电解槽的氢气侧出口和氧气侧出口，用于调节电解槽内部的压力，每组压力调节阀包括一个大流量调节阀和一个小流量调节阀，且大流量调节阀与小流量调节阀并联；A high-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolyzers is implemented based on a high-precision pressure control system. The high-precision pressure control system includes a control unit, a pressure sensor and a pressure regulating valve. The control unit is connected with the pressure sensor and The pressure regulating valve is connected, and the pressure sensor is provided with two groups, which are respectively connected to the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolytic cell, and are used to measure the pressure data inside the electrolytic cell; the pressure regulating valve is provided with two groups, which are respectively set The hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolyzer are used to adjust the pressure inside the electrolyzer. Each set of pressure regulating valves includes a large flow regulating valve and a small flow regulating valve, and the large flow regulating valve and the small flow regulating valve are connected in parallel. ;
具体的，高精度主动压力控制方法包括以下步骤：Specifically, the high-precision active pressure control method includes the following steps:
S1、获取波动工况下电解槽的外部输入功率和电解槽内部的实时压力；S1. Obtain the external input power of the electrolyzer and the real-time pressure inside the electrolyzer under fluctuating conditions;
S2、确定外部输入功率所在的功率范围，根据其所在的功率范围确定压力设定值，将电解槽内部的压力稳定至压力设定值；S2. Determine the power range of the external input power, determine the pressure setting value according to the power range, and stabilize the pressure inside the electrolyzer to the pressure setting value;
S3、若外部输入功率增大，则根据功率变化值确定电流变化量，基于电流变化量确定气体变化量，基于气体变化量确定压力调节阀需要改变的开度，逐步增大压力调节阀的开度，若外部输入功率减小，则根据功率变化值确定电流变化量，基于电流变化量确定气体变化量，基于气体变化量确定压力调节阀需要改变的开度，逐步减小压力调节阀的开度。S3. If the external input power increases, determine the current change amount based on the power change value, determine the gas change amount based on the current change value, determine the opening of the pressure regulating valve that needs to be changed based on the gas change amount, and gradually increase the opening of the pressure regulating valve. degree, if the external input power decreases, the current change is determined based on the power change value, the gas change is determined based on the current change, the opening of the pressure regulating valve that needs to be changed is determined based on the gas change, and the opening of the pressure regulating valve is gradually reduced. Spend.
优选的，步骤S2中，预设置多个功率范围，为每个功率范围预设置一个对应的压力设定值。Preferably, in step S2, multiple power ranges are preset, and a corresponding pressure setting value is preset for each power range.
优选的，电解槽的额定输入功率为X0，工作范围为0.3X0～1.2X0，电解槽在额定功率X0下的额定工作压力为P0，获取外部输入功率X1，若0.3X0≤X1≤0.5X0，则压力设定值P1＝0.5P0，若0.5X0<X1≤0.8X0，则压力设定值P1＝0.75P0，若0.8X0<X1≤1.2X0，则压力设定值P1＝P0。Preferably, the rated input power of the electrolytic cell is X0, the working range is 0.3X0~1.2X0, the rated working pressure of the electrolytic cell under the rated power Then the pressure setting value P1=0.5P0, if 0.5X0<X1≤0.8X0, then the pressure setting value P1=0.75P0, if 0.8X0<X1≤1.2X0, then the pressure setting value P1=P0.
优选的，获取外部输入功率X1，当0.3X0≤X1≤0.5X0时，使用小流量调节阀进行压力的调节；当0.5X0<X1≤0.8X0，使用大流量调节阀进行压力的调节；当0.8X0<X1≤1.2X0时，大流量调节阀和小流量调节阀同时工作进行压力的调节。Preferably, obtain the external input power X1. When 0.3X0≤X1≤0.5X0, use a small flow regulating valve to adjust the pressure; when 0.5X0< When X0<X1≤1.2X0, the large flow regulating valve and the small flow regulating valve work at the same time to adjust the pressure.
优选的，步骤S3中，所述气体变化量包括氢气变化量和氧气变化量，氢气变化量ΔH 2和氧气变化量ΔO 2与电流变化量ΔI满足以下关系： Preferably, in step S3, the gas change amount includes a hydrogen change amount and an oxygen change amount, and the hydrogen change amount ΔH 2 and oxygen change amount ΔO 2 satisfy the following relationship with the current change amount ΔI:
Figure PCTCN2022126238-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022126238-appb-000001
ΔO 2＝ΔI/(4F) ΔO 2 =ΔI/(4F)
其中，ΔH 2和ΔO 2的单位为mol/s，F为法拉第系数，值为96500C/mol。 Among them, the units of ΔH 2 and ΔO 2 are mol/s, F is the Faraday coefficient, and the value is 96500C/mol.
优选的，所述高精度压力控制系统还包括保压阀，所述保压阀设有两组，分别设置在电解槽的氢气侧出口和氧气侧出口，用于保持电解槽内部的压力。Preferably, the high-precision pressure control system also includes a pressure maintaining valve, and the pressure maintaining valve is provided with two groups, respectively located at the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolytic cell, for maintaining the pressure inside the electrolytic cell.
优选的，所述大流量调节阀和小流量调节阀为电磁调节阀。Preferably, the large flow regulating valve and the small flow regulating valve are electromagnetic regulating valves.
优选的，所述控制单元通过信号数据线与压力传感器和压力调节阀相连接。Preferably, the control unit is connected to the pressure sensor and the pressure regulating valve through signal data lines.
优选的，所述控制单元包括数据采集模块、运算模块和执行模块；所述数据采集模块连接电解槽的外部输入电源和压力传感器，用于获取电解槽的外部输入功率和电解槽内部的实时压力；所述运算模块连接数据采集模块和执行模块，用于根据外部输入功率和实时压力计算压力调节阀的开度；所述执行模块连接压力调节阀，用于根据运算模块的输出控制压力调节阀的开度。Preferably, the control unit includes a data acquisition module, a computing module and an execution module; the data acquisition module is connected to the external input power supply and the pressure sensor of the electrolytic cell, and is used to obtain the external input power of the electrolytic cell and the real-time pressure inside the electrolytic cell. ; The computing module is connected to the data acquisition module and the execution module, and is used to calculate the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to external input power and real-time pressure; the execution module is connected to the pressure regulating valve, and is used to control the pressure regulating valve according to the output of the computing module the opening.
优选的，所述高精度压力控制系统还包括报警器，所述报警器与控制单元相连接，用于发出报警信号。Preferably, the high-precision pressure control system further includes an alarm, which is connected to the control unit and used to send an alarm signal.
优选的，所述报警器包括蜂鸣器和LED灯。Preferably, the alarm includes a buzzer and an LED light.
优选的，所述高精度压力控制系统还包括显示屏，所述显示屏与控制单元相连接。Preferably, the high-precision pressure control system further includes a display screen, and the display screen is connected to the control unit.
优选的，所述显示屏为触摸显示屏。Preferably, the display screen is a touch display screen.
优选的，所述显示屏通过信号数据线与控制单元相连接。Preferably, the display screen is connected to the control unit through a signal data line.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)波动工况下外部输入功率会发生变化导致压力波动，因此先根据外部输入功率所在功率区间确定压力设定值，初步稳定电解槽内部压力，再根据外部输入功率的增大或减小实时调节电解槽压力，可以维持电解槽在最优压力区间工作，适应了动态的工况，提高电解槽效率，避免了电解槽内的压力不平衡引发的氢气氧气掺混，提升了电解槽的稳定性和安全性。(1) Under fluctuating conditions, the external input power will change, causing pressure fluctuations. Therefore, first determine the pressure setting value according to the power range of the external input power to initially stabilize the internal pressure of the electrolyzer, and then increase or decrease the external input power according to the increase or decrease. Real-time adjustment of the electrolytic cell pressure can maintain the electrolytic cell working in the optimal pressure range, adapt to dynamic working conditions, improve the efficiency of the electrolytic cell, avoid the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen caused by pressure imbalance in the electrolytic cell, and improve the efficiency of the electrolytic cell. Stability and security.
(2)一组压力调节阀包括大流量调节阀和小流量调节阀，采用高精度大流量和低精度小流量的两种不同的压力调节阀，大流量调节阀用于稳定压力，小流量调节阀用于精确控制压力范围，能够提供多种压力调节策略，从而可以适应不同波动工况下的压力变化，满足压力稳定的需求。(2) A set of pressure regulating valves includes a large flow regulating valve and a small flow regulating valve. It adopts two different pressure regulating valves, high-precision large flow and low-precision small flow. The large flow regulating valve is used to stabilize the pressure and the small flow regulating valve is used. The valve is used to accurately control the pressure range and can provide a variety of pressure adjustment strategies, so that it can adapt to pressure changes under different fluctuating working conditions and meet the demand for pressure stability.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法的流程图；Figure 1 is a flow chart of a high-precision active pressure control method for an alkaline water electrolyzer;
图2为高精度压力控制系统的结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision pressure control system;
附图标记：1、控制单元，2、压力传感器，3、大流量调节阀，4、小流量调节阀，5、保压阀，6、电解槽。Reference signs: 1. Control unit, 2. Pressure sensor, 3. Large flow regulating valve, 4. Small flow regulating valve, 5. Pressure maintaining valve, 6. Electrolytic cell.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention and provides detailed implementation modes and specific operating procedures. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
在附图中，结构相同的部件以相同数字标号表示，各处结构或功能相似的组件以相似数字标号表示。附图所示的每一组件的尺寸和厚度是任意示出的，本发明并没有限定每个组件的尺寸和厚度。为了使图示更清晰，附图中有些地方适当夸大了部件。In the drawings, components with the same structure are denoted by the same numerals, and components with similar structures or functions are denoted by similar numerals. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown, and the present invention does not limit the size and thickness of each component. In order to make the illustrations clearer, some parts of the drawings are exaggerated.
实施例1：Example 1:
一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，基于高精度压力控制系统实现，如图2所示，高精度压力控制系统包括控制单元1、压力传感器2、保压阀5和压力调节阀，控制单元1与压力传感器2和压力调节阀相连接，控制单元1还连接外部电源，从而获取外部输入功率；A high-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolyzers is implemented based on a high-precision pressure control system. As shown in Figure 2, the high-precision pressure control system includes a control unit 1, a pressure sensor 2, a pressure maintaining valve 5 and a pressure Regulating valve, the control unit 1 is connected to the pressure sensor 2 and the pressure regulating valve, and the control unit 1 is also connected to an external power supply to obtain external input power;
其中，压力传感器2设有两组，分别连接电解槽6的氢气侧出口和氧气侧出口，用于测量电解槽6内部的压力数据；保压阀5设有两组，分别设置在电解槽6的氢气侧出口和氧气侧出口，用于保持电解槽6内部的压力；压力调节阀设有两组，分别设置在电解槽6的氢气侧出口和氧气侧出口，用于调节电解槽6内部的压力，每组压力调节阀包括一个大流量调节阀3和一个小流量调节阀4，且大流量调节阀3与小流量调节阀4并联。Among them, the pressure sensor 2 is provided with two groups, which are respectively connected to the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolytic tank 6, and are used to measure the pressure data inside the electrolytic tank 6; the pressure maintaining valve 5 is provided with two groups, which are respectively installed in the electrolytic tank 6. The hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet are used to maintain the pressure inside the electrolytic tank 6; there are two sets of pressure regulating valves, which are respectively provided at the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolytic tank 6, and are used to adjust the pressure inside the electrolytic tank 6. Pressure, each set of pressure regulating valves includes a large flow regulating valve 3 and a small flow regulating valve 4, and the large flow regulating valve 3 and the small flow regulating valve 4 are connected in parallel.
在电解槽6的工作过程中，外部输入功率决定了电解槽6内电流的大小，电流又确定了产气量的大小。引用新能源作为外部输入电源后带来了复杂的波动工况，高功率区间下产气量较大，低功率区间下产气量较小，为了配合外部输入功率波动带来的压力波动，满足压力稳定的要求，本申请设计了高精度压力控制系统，一组压力调节阀包括大流量调节阀3和小流量调节阀4，采用高精度大流量和低精度小流量的两种不同的压力调节阀，大流量调节阀3用于稳定压力，小流量调节阀4 用于精确控制压力范围，二者可以单独使用，也可以配合使用，从而可以适应不同波动工况下的压力变化，满足压力稳定的需求。During the working process of the electrolytic cell 6, the external input power determines the size of the current in the electrolytic cell 6, and the current determines the size of the gas production. Introducing new energy as an external input power source brings about complex fluctuating working conditions. The gas production volume is larger in the high power range and smaller in the low power range. In order to cope with the pressure fluctuations caused by the external input power fluctuations, the pressure is stable. According to the requirements, this application designed a high-precision pressure control system. A set of pressure regulating valves includes a large flow regulating valve 3 and a small flow regulating valve 4. Two different pressure regulating valves are used, namely high-precision large flow and low-precision small flow. The large flow regulating valve 3 is used to stabilize the pressure, and the small flow regulating valve 4 is used to accurately control the pressure range. They can be used alone or in combination to adapt to pressure changes under different fluctuating working conditions and meet the need for pressure stability. .
本实施例中，控制单元1通过信号数据线与压力传感器2和压力调节阀相连接。大流量调节阀3和小流量调节阀4为电磁调节阀，易于控制。In this embodiment, the control unit 1 is connected to the pressure sensor 2 and the pressure regulating valve through signal data lines. The large flow regulating valve 3 and the small flow regulating valve 4 are electromagnetic regulating valves, which are easy to control.
具体的，控制单元1包括数据采集模块、运算模块和执行模块；数据采集模块连接电解槽6的外部输入电源和压力传感器2，用于获取电解槽6的外部输入功率和电解槽6内部的实时压力；运算模块连接数据采集模块和执行模块，用于根据外部输入功率和实时压力计算压力调节阀的开度；执行模块连接压力调节阀，用于根据运算模块的输出控制压力调节阀的开度。控制单元1可以确定一个合适的压力值，利用PID控制逻辑控制压力调节阀的开度，低精度的大流量调节阀3主要用于稳定水电解槽的压力，高精度的小流量调节阀4用于精确控制压力范围。Specifically, the control unit 1 includes a data acquisition module, a computing module and an execution module; the data acquisition module is connected to the external input power supply of the electrolytic tank 6 and the pressure sensor 2, and is used to obtain the external input power of the electrolytic tank 6 and the real-time internal power of the electrolytic tank 6. pressure; the computing module is connected to the data acquisition module and the execution module, and is used to calculate the opening of the pressure regulating valve based on external input power and real-time pressure; the execution module is connected to the pressure regulating valve, and is used to control the opening of the pressure regulating valve based on the output of the computing module . The control unit 1 can determine a suitable pressure value and use PID control logic to control the opening of the pressure regulating valve. The low-precision large-flow regulating valve 3 is mainly used to stabilize the pressure of the water electrolyzer, and the high-precision small-flow regulating valve 4 is used for for precise control of pressure range.
此外，为了进一步优化电解槽6压力控制系统，本实施例中，压力控制系统还包括报警器，报警器与控制单元1相连接，用于发出报警信号，能够在压力过高、压力过低、外部输入功率过高、外部输入功率过低等异常情况下报警，提示工作人员进行处理。报警器包括蜂鸣器和LED灯，能够发出声光报警信号。压力控制系统还还包括显示屏，显示屏与控制单元1相连接，显示屏为触摸显示屏，通过信号数据线与控制单元1相连接。通过显示屏，可以可视化外部输入功率、电解槽6内压力、压力调节阀的阀门开度以及氢气和氧气产气量等参数，便于工作人员监测电解槽6的运行状况。In addition, in order to further optimize the pressure control system of the electrolytic cell 6, in this embodiment, the pressure control system also includes an alarm. The alarm is connected to the control unit 1 and is used to send an alarm signal, which can detect when the pressure is too high, the pressure is too low, When the external input power is too high or the external input power is too low, it will alarm and prompt the staff to handle it. The alarm includes a buzzer and LED light, which can send out audible and visual alarm signals. The pressure control system also includes a display screen, which is connected to the control unit 1. The display screen is a touch display screen and is connected to the control unit 1 through a signal data line. Through the display screen, parameters such as external input power, pressure within the electrolytic cell 6, valve opening of the pressure regulating valve, and hydrogen and oxygen gas production can be visualized, making it easier for staff to monitor the operating status of the electrolytic cell 6.
为了使电解槽在不同工况下的气压保持稳定，在电解槽气体压力稳定的同时提高气体压力的控制精度，进而提升制氢的安全性和效率，基于上文描述的高精度压力控制系统，本申请给出了高精度主动压力控制方法，具体的，如图1所示，高精度主动压力控制方法包括以下步骤：In order to keep the gas pressure of the electrolyzer stable under different working conditions, stabilize the gas pressure in the electrolyzer while improving the control accuracy of the gas pressure, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of hydrogen production, based on the high-precision pressure control system described above, This application provides a high-precision active pressure control method. Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the high-precision active pressure control method includes the following steps:
S1、获取波动工况下电解槽的外部输入功率和电解槽内部的实时压力；S1. Obtain the external input power of the electrolyzer and the real-time pressure inside the electrolyzer under fluctuating conditions;
S2、确定外部输入功率所在的功率范围，根据其所在的功率范围确定压力设定值，将电解槽内部的压力稳定至压力设定值；S2. Determine the power range of the external input power, determine the pressure setting value according to the power range, and stabilize the pressure inside the electrolyzer to the pressure setting value;
S3、若外部输入功率增大，则根据功率变化值确定电流变化量，基于电流变化量确定气体变化量，基于气体变化量确定压力调节阀需要改变的开度，逐步增大压力调节阀的开度，若外部输入功率减小，则根据功率变化值确定电流变化量，基于电流变化量确定气体变化量，基于气体变化量确定压力调节阀需要改变的开度， 逐步减小压力调节阀的开度。S3. If the external input power increases, determine the current change amount based on the power change value, determine the gas change amount based on the current change value, determine the opening of the pressure regulating valve that needs to be changed based on the gas change amount, and gradually increase the opening of the pressure regulating valve. degree, if the external input power decreases, the current change amount is determined based on the power change value, the gas change amount is determined based on the current change value, the opening of the pressure regulating valve that needs to be changed is determined based on the gas change, and the opening of the pressure regulating valve is gradually reduced. Spend.
由于波动工况下外部输入功率随时可能发生变化，因此在上述方法的执行过程中，实时监测外部输入功率和电解槽的实时压力，一旦外部输入功率发生变化，不在原先确定的功率范围内，则立刻重新执行步骤S2，以实现实时压力控制。Since the external input power may change at any time under fluctuating conditions, during the execution of the above method, the external input power and the real-time pressure of the electrolyzer are monitored in real time. Once the external input power changes and is not within the originally determined power range, then Immediately re-execute step S2 to achieve real-time pressure control.
其中，步骤S2中，预设置多个功率范围，为每个功率范围预设置一个对应的压力设定值。当电解槽在高功率区间工作时，设定较大的电解槽内压力，此时气体流量较大，启用流量范围大的大流量调节阀，先增加电解槽压力至设定值，并通过控制单元将电解槽内的压力稳定在设定值附近；当电解槽在低功率区间工作时，设定较小的电解槽内压力，此时气体流量较小，启用流量范围小的小流量调节阀，先降低电解槽的压力至设定值，并通过控制单元将电解槽内的压力稳定在设定值附近。In step S2, multiple power ranges are preset, and a corresponding pressure setting value is preset for each power range. When the electrolytic cell is working in the high power range, set a larger pressure in the electrolytic cell. At this time, the gas flow is larger. Use a large flow regulating valve with a large flow range. First increase the electrolytic cell pressure to the set value and control it through The unit stabilizes the pressure in the electrolytic cell near the set value; when the electrolytic cell is working in the low power range, a smaller pressure in the electrolytic cell is set. At this time, the gas flow is small, and the small flow regulating valve with a small flow range is activated. , first reduce the pressure of the electrolytic cell to the set value, and stabilize the pressure in the electrolytic cell near the set value through the control unit.
作为一种优选的实施方式，本实施例中设置了3个功率范围，并分别确定了各个功率范围对应的压力设定值，如下：As a preferred implementation, three power ranges are set in this embodiment, and the pressure setting values corresponding to each power range are determined respectively, as follows:
电解槽的额定输入功率为X0，工作范围为0.3X0～1.2X0，电解槽在额定功率X0下的额定工作压力为P0，获取外部输入功率X1，若0.3X0≤X1≤0.5X0，则压力设定值P1＝0.5P0，若0.5X0<X1≤0.8X0，则压力设定值P1＝0.75P0，若0.8X0<X1≤1.2X0，则压力设定值P1＝P0。The rated input power of the electrolytic cell is Fixed value P1=0.5P0, if 0.5X0<X1≤0.8X0, then the pressure setting value P1=0.75P0, if 0.8X0<X1≤1.2X0, then the pressure setting value P1=P0.
进一步地，通过压力调节阀将电解槽内部的压力稳定在压力设定值左右，具体的，一组压力调节阀大流量调节阀和小流量调节阀，当0.3X0≤X1≤0.5X0时，即电解槽工作在低功率区间，电流较小，产生的气体变化也较小，使用小流量调节阀进行压力的调节，低精度的小流量调节阀在低功率工况下工作时可以更好的控制压力范围，提高了压力控制精度，提升了低输入功率工况下的电解槽稳定性；当0.5X0<X1≤0.8X0，使用大流量调节阀进行压力的调节；当0.8X0<X1≤1.2X0时，大流量调节阀和小流量调节阀同时工作进行压力的调节。此外，在电解槽处于稳定工况时，外部输入功率不会突变，可以使大流量调节阀和小流量调节阀同时工作，低精度大流量调节阀用于稳定压力，高精度小流量调节阀用于精确控制压力范围。Further, the pressure inside the electrolyzer is stabilized around the pressure setting value through a pressure regulating valve. Specifically, a set of pressure regulating valves, a large flow regulating valve and a small flow regulating valve, when 0.3X0≤X1≤0.5X0, that is, The electrolytic cell works in the low power range, the current is small, and the gas produced changes little. Use a small flow regulating valve to adjust the pressure. The low-precision small flow regulating valve can provide better control when working under low power conditions. The pressure range improves the pressure control accuracy and improves the stability of the electrolyzer under low input power conditions; when 0.5X0<X1≤0.8X0, use a large flow regulating valve to adjust the pressure; when 0.8X0<X1≤1.2X0 At this time, the large flow regulating valve and the small flow regulating valve work at the same time to adjust the pressure. In addition, when the electrolytic cell is in stable working condition, the external input power will not change suddenly, and the large flow regulating valve and the small flow regulating valve can work at the same time. The low precision large flow regulating valve is used to stabilize the pressure, and the high precision small flow regulating valve is used for for precise control of pressure range.
步骤S3中，若输入功率突然增加，控制单元根据功率变化计算大致需要改变的阀门开度，较为提前并逐步增加阀门开度，维持电解槽压力的稳定；若输入功率突然降低，控制单元根据功率变化计算大致需要改变的阀门开度，较为提前并逐步减小阀门开度，维持电解槽压力的稳定，此步骤中，外部输入功率仍处在步骤S2中确定的功率范围内，变化量较小，可以依靠小流量调节阀进行精确的压力控制， 若外部输入功率突变不在步骤S2中确定的功率范围内，则需要重新执行步骤S2。气体变化量包括氢气变化量和氧气变化量，氢气变化量ΔH 2和氧气变化量ΔO 2与电流变化量ΔI满足以下关系： In step S3, if the input power suddenly increases, the control unit calculates the approximate valve opening that needs to be changed based on the power change, and gradually increases the valve opening in advance to maintain the stability of the electrolytic cell pressure; if the input power suddenly decreases, the control unit calculates the valve opening that needs to be changed based on the power change. The change calculation roughly needs to change the valve opening, which is relatively early and gradually reduces the valve opening to maintain the stability of the electrolytic cell pressure. In this step, the external input power is still within the power range determined in step S2, and the amount of change is small. , you can rely on the small flow regulating valve for precise pressure control. If the external input power mutation is not within the power range determined in step S2, step S2 needs to be performed again. The gas change amount includes the hydrogen change amount and the oxygen change amount. The hydrogen change amount ΔH 2 and oxygen change amount ΔO 2 and the current change amount ΔI satisfy the following relationship:
Figure PCTCN2022126238-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022126238-appb-000002
ΔO 2＝ΔI/(4F) ΔO 2 =ΔI/(4F)
其中，ΔH 2和ΔO 2的单位为mol/s，F为法拉第系数，值为96500C/mol。 Among them, the units of ΔH 2 and ΔO 2 are mol/s, F is the Faraday coefficient, and the value is 96500C/mol.
确定氢气和氧气的变化量之后，结合当前压力以及压力调节阀的工作参数，即可确定压力调节阀的开度。After determining the changes in hydrogen and oxygen, combined with the current pressure and the working parameters of the pressure regulating valve, the opening of the pressure regulating valve can be determined.
可以理解的是，电解制氢不是瞬时发生的，从外部输入功率变化到气体产量变化中间存在时间差，本申请的步骤S3中，在外部输入功率增大或减小后，即开始调节压力调节阀，事实上是在气体量达到变化量之前提前进行阀门的控制。在外部输入功率增大后，根据计算生成的氢气和氧气变化量，计算稳定当前电解槽内部压力所需的阀门开度，较为提前并逐步增加压力调节阀的阀门开度，维持电解槽压力的稳定；在外部输入功率减小后，根据计算生成的氢气和氧气变化量，计算稳定当前电解槽内部压力所需的阀门开度，较为提前并逐步减小压力调节阀的阀门开度，维持电解槽压力的稳定。It can be understood that electrolytic hydrogen production does not occur instantaneously, and there is a time lag between changes in external input power and changes in gas production. In step S3 of this application, after the external input power increases or decreases, the pressure regulating valve begins to be adjusted. , in fact, the valve is controlled in advance before the gas volume reaches the change amount. After the external input power increases, based on the calculated changes in generated hydrogen and oxygen, calculate the valve opening required to stabilize the current internal pressure of the electrolytic cell, and gradually increase the valve opening of the pressure regulating valve in advance to maintain the electrolytic cell pressure. Stable; after the external input power is reduced, based on the calculated changes in hydrogen and oxygen, calculate the valve opening required to stabilize the current internal pressure of the electrolyzer, and gradually reduce the valve opening of the pressure regulating valve in advance to maintain electrolysis The stability of tank pressure.
波动工况下外部输入功率会发生变化导致压力波动，因此先根据外部输入功率所在功率区间确定压力设定值，初步稳定电解槽内部压力，再根据外部输入功率的增大或减小实时调节电解槽压力，可以维持电解槽在最优压力区间工作，适应了动态的工况，提高电解槽效率，避免了电解槽内的压力不平衡引发的氢气氧气掺混，提升了电解槽的稳定性和安全性。Under fluctuating conditions, the external input power will change, causing pressure fluctuations. Therefore, the pressure setting value is first determined according to the power range of the external input power to initially stabilize the internal pressure of the electrolyzer, and then the electrolysis is adjusted in real time according to the increase or decrease of the external input power. The cell pressure can maintain the electrolytic cell working in the optimal pressure range, adapt to dynamic working conditions, improve the efficiency of the electrolytic cell, avoid the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen caused by the pressure imbalance in the electrolytic cell, and improve the stability and stability of the electrolytic cell. safety.
本申请在压力控制上采用实时反馈控制，实时监测外部输入功率和电解槽内部压力，根据外部输入功率设定碱水电解槽最合适的工作压力，根据设定的碱水电解槽压力启用压力调节阀，先将碱水电解槽的压力稳定在理想工况的范围内，再调节高精度的小流量调节阀，使碱水电解槽的压力得到高精度的控制。This application adopts real-time feedback control for pressure control, real-time monitoring of external input power and internal pressure of the electrolytic cell, setting the most appropriate working pressure of the alkaline water electrolyzer according to the external input power, and enabling pressure adjustment according to the set alkaline water electrolytic cell pressure. The valve first stabilizes the pressure of the alkaline water electrolyzer within the range of ideal working conditions, and then adjusts the high-precision small flow regulating valve to control the pressure of the alkaline water electrolyzer with high precision.
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes based on the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, any technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concept of the present invention and on the basis of the prior art should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，其特征在于，基于高精度压力控制系统实现，所述高精度压力控制系统包括控制单元、压力传感器和压力调节阀，所述控制单元与压力传感器和压力调节阀相连接，所述压力传感器设有两组，分别连接电解槽的氢气侧出口和氧气侧出口，用于测量电解槽内部的压力数据；所述压力调节阀设有两组，分别设置在电解槽的氢气侧出口和氧气侧出口，用于调节电解槽内部的压力，每组压力调节阀包括一个大流量调节阀和一个小流量调节阀，且大流量调节阀与小流量调节阀并联；A high-precision active pressure control method for an alkali water electrolyzer, characterized in that it is implemented based on a high-precision pressure control system. The high-precision pressure control system includes a control unit, a pressure sensor and a pressure regulating valve. The control unit It is connected to a pressure sensor and a pressure regulating valve. The pressure sensor is provided with two groups, which are respectively connected to the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolytic cell, and are used to measure the pressure data inside the electrolytic cell; the pressure regulating valve is provided with two groups. Groups of pressure regulating valves are respectively provided at the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolytic cell for regulating the pressure inside the electrolytic cell. Each group of pressure regulating valves includes a large flow regulating valve and a small flow regulating valve, and the large flow regulating valve is connected with the small flow regulating valve. Flow regulating valves are connected in parallel;
    具体的，高精度主动压力控制方法包括以下步骤：Specifically, the high-precision active pressure control method includes the following steps:
    S1、获取波动工况下电解槽的外部输入功率和电解槽内部的实时压力；S1. Obtain the external input power of the electrolyzer and the real-time pressure inside the electrolyzer under fluctuating conditions;
    S2、确定外部输入功率所在的功率范围，根据其所在的功率范围确定压力设定值，将电解槽内部的压力稳定至压力设定值；S2. Determine the power range of the external input power, determine the pressure setting value according to the power range, and stabilize the pressure inside the electrolyzer to the pressure setting value;
    S3、若外部输入功率增大，则根据功率变化值确定电流变化量，基于电流变化量确定气体变化量，基于气体变化量确定压力调节阀需要改变的开度，逐步增大压力调节阀的开度，若外部输入功率减小，则根据功率变化值确定电流变化量，基于电流变化量确定气体变化量，基于气体变化量确定压力调节阀需要改变的开度，逐步减小压力调节阀的开度。S3. If the external input power increases, determine the current change amount based on the power change value, determine the gas change amount based on the current change value, determine the opening of the pressure regulating valve that needs to be changed based on the gas change amount, and gradually increase the opening of the pressure regulating valve. degree, if the external input power decreases, the current change is determined based on the power change value, the gas change is determined based on the current change, the opening of the pressure regulating valve that needs to be changed is determined based on the gas change, and the opening of the pressure regulating valve is gradually reduced. Spend.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，预设置多个功率范围，为每个功率范围预设置一个对应的压力设定值。A high-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolyzers according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S2, multiple power ranges are preset, and a corresponding pressure device is preset for each power range. Value.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，其特征在于，电解槽的额定输入功率为X0，工作范围为0.3X0～1.2X0，电解槽在额定功率X0下的额定工作压力为P0，获取外部输入功率X1，若0.3X0≤X1≤0.5X0，则压力设定值P1＝0.5P0，若0.5X0<X1≤0.8X0，则压力设定值P1＝0.75P0，若0.8X0<X1≤1.2X0，则压力设定值P1＝P0。A high-precision active pressure control method for an alkaline water electrolytic cell according to claim 2, characterized in that the rated input power of the electrolytic cell is The rated working pressure under X0 is P0, and the external input power X1 is obtained. If 0.3X0≤ 0.75P0, if 0.8X0<X1≤1.2X0, then the pressure setting value P1=P0.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，其特征在于，获取外部输入功率X1，当0.3X0≤X1≤0.5X0时，使用小流量调节阀进行压力的调节；当0.5X0<X1≤0.8X0，使用大流量调节阀进行压力的调节；当 0.8X0<X1≤1.2X0时，大流量调节阀和小流量调节阀同时工作进行压力的调节。A high-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolyzers according to claim 3, characterized in that, external input power X1 is obtained, and when 0.3X0≤X1≤0.5X0, a small flow regulating valve is used to control the pressure. When 0.5X0 <
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，所述气体变化量包括氢气变化量和氧气变化量，氢气变化量ΔH 2和氧气变化量ΔO 2与电流变化量ΔI满足以下关系： A high-precision active pressure control method for an alkali water electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3, the gas change amount includes a hydrogen change amount and an oxygen change amount, and the hydrogen change amount ΔH 2 And the oxygen change amount ΔO 2 and the current change amount ΔI satisfy the following relationship:
    Figure PCTCN2022126238-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2022126238-appb-100001
    ΔO 2＝ΔI/(4F) ΔO 2 =ΔI/(4F)
    其中，ΔH 2和ΔO 2的单位为mol/s，F为法拉第系数，值为96500C/mol。 Among them, the units of ΔH 2 and ΔO 2 are mol/s, F is the Faraday coefficient, and the value is 96500C/mol.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，其特征在于，所述高精度压力控制系统还包括保压阀，所述保压阀设有两组，分别设置在电解槽的氢气侧出口和氧气侧出口，用于保持电解槽内部的压力。A high-precision active pressure control method for an alkali water electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-precision pressure control system further includes a pressure maintaining valve, and the pressure maintaining valve is provided with two groups, They are respectively provided at the hydrogen side outlet and the oxygen side outlet of the electrolytic cell to maintain the pressure inside the electrolytic cell.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，其特征在于，所述大流量调节阀和小流量调节阀为电磁调节阀。A high-precision active pressure control method for an alkali water electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the large flow regulating valve and the small flow regulating valve are electromagnetic regulating valves.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过信号数据线与压力传感器和压力调节阀相连接。A high-precision active pressure control method for an alkaline water electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit is connected to a pressure sensor and a pressure regulating valve through a signal data line.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，其特征在于，所述高精度压力控制系统还包括报警器，所述报警器与控制单元相连接，用于发出报警信号。A high-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolyzers according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-precision pressure control system also includes an alarm, and the alarm is connected to the control unit. to send an alarm signal.
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于碱水电解槽的高精度主动压力控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制单元包括数据采集模块、运算模块和执行模块；所述数据采集模块连接电解槽的外部输入电源和压力传感器，用于获取电解槽的外部输入功率和电解槽内部的实时压力；所述运算模块连接数据采集模块和执行模块，用于根据外部输入功率和实时压力计算压力调节阀的开度；所述执行模块连接压力调节阀，用于根据运算模块的输出控制压力调节阀的开度。A high-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolyzers according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit includes a data acquisition module, an operation module and an execution module; the data acquisition module is connected to the electrolyzer The external input power supply and pressure sensor are used to obtain the external input power of the electrolytic cell and the real-time pressure inside the electrolytic cell; the operation module is connected to the data acquisition module and the execution module, and is used to calculate the pressure regulating valve based on the external input power and real-time pressure. The opening of the pressure regulating valve is connected to the execution module, and is used to control the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to the output of the computing module.
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CN114134527A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-03-04 考克利尔竞立(苏州)氢能科技有限公司 Water electrolysis hydrogen production device and method with multiple electrolytic baths
CN114381755A (en) * 2022-02-10 2022-04-22 阳光氢能科技有限公司 Standby control method, control system and hydrogen production device
CN115011999A (en) * 2022-05-26 2022-09-06 同济大学 High-precision active pressure control method for alkaline water electrolytic cell

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