WO2023226211A1 - 一种新能源客车 - Google Patents

一种新能源客车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023226211A1
WO2023226211A1 PCT/CN2022/113475 CN2022113475W WO2023226211A1 WO 2023226211 A1 WO2023226211 A1 WO 2023226211A1 CN 2022113475 W CN2022113475 W CN 2022113475W WO 2023226211 A1 WO2023226211 A1 WO 2023226211A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sealing
heat exchange
exchange plate
liquid heat
new energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/113475
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩锦阳
成磊
荆俊雅
王坤
李龙
赵宏远
Original Assignee
宇通客车股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宇通客车股份有限公司 filed Critical 宇通客车股份有限公司
Priority to EP22943401.4A priority Critical patent/EP4375103A1/en
Publication of WO2023226211A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023226211A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/18—Buses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of new energy buses, and specifically relates to the arrangement of batteries in a new energy bus and the heat exchange with the vehicle.
  • the solution of roof-mounted battery packs is used in the prior art. Specifically, the battery mounting frame is fixed on the roof frame, the battery pack is fixed on the battery mounting frame, and then a roof cover is used. Keep the battery pack in place.
  • the Chinese utility model patent with authorization announcement number CN206201949U adopts this method.
  • the battery pack usually includes a built-in liquid heat exchange plate. There are flow channels in the liquid heat exchange plate.
  • the air conditioning system is connected to the liquid heat exchange plate. The batteries in the battery pack are heated or cooled through the flow of liquid. At the same time, the air conditioning system also The passenger area is heated or cooled. In current new energy buses, the top layer of the passenger area completely separates the battery pack from the passenger area.
  • the liquid in the liquid heat exchange plate In addition to exchanging heat with the battery above, the liquid in the liquid heat exchange plate also exchanges heat with the air below and other objects on the top of the bus. During heat exchange, this part of the heat is directly lost to the air and cannot be effectively used. This results in a low heat utilization rate of the entire vehicle, increases energy consumption, and shortens the cruising range.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new energy bus to solve the technical problems in the prior art of low space utilization and low vehicle heat utilization resulting in short cruising range.
  • a new energy bus including a car body, which includes a roof frame at the top, a roof skin covering the top of the roof frame; Located on the top floor of the passenger area below the roof frame, a liquid heat exchange plate is fixed on the roof frame.
  • the liquid heat exchange plate has a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet connected to the air conditioning system.
  • the top surface of the liquid heat exchange plate A battery module is installed, and a sealing cover covering the outside of the battery module is directly or indirectly installed on the roof skin.
  • a filling body is provided between the liquid heat exchange plate and the top layer of the passenger area and is connected with the liquid.
  • the heat exchange plate and the top layer of the passenger area are enclosed to form a closed chamber.
  • the top layer of the passenger area is provided with a window connected to the passenger area at a position corresponding to the chamber, and is equipped with a window that can open and close the window.
  • the chamber is provided with a fan for blowing air through the window to the passenger area.
  • the battery module is directly installed on the roof frame through the liquid heat exchange plate, and is equipped with a sealing cover to form a sealed cavity to protect the battery module.
  • a sealing cover to form a sealed cavity to protect the battery module.
  • the roof skin is provided with an opening at the cavity so that the liquid heat exchange plate is directly connected to the cavity.
  • the liquid heat exchange plate is directly connected to the chamber, and the bottom of the liquid heat exchange plate directly exchanges heat with the chamber to heat or cool the chamber.
  • the heat transfer efficiency is higher. High, high heat utilization rate.
  • the top of the filling body is sealingly bonded with the liquid heat exchange plate, and the bottom is sealingly bonded with the top layer of the passenger area to form the chamber; or, the liquid heat exchanger plate is supported on the roof skin and Sealingly coupled with the roof skin, the top of the filling body is sealingly bonded with the roof skin, and the bottom is sealingly bonded with the top layer of the passenger area to form the cavity.
  • the method according to the size of the opening on the roof skin can ensure the sealing of the chamber.
  • the fan is fixed on the bottom surface of the liquid heat exchange plate.
  • the fan is fixed on the liquid heat exchange plate to avoid increasing the load on the top floor of the passenger area.
  • the new energy bus includes a motor that drives the window to rotate to open and close the window.
  • the new energy bus also includes a controller for controlling the start and stop of the motor and the direction of rotation.
  • the controller is used to control the motor to open the window when both the battery module and the passenger area are cooling or heating, and to control the motor to close the window when there is only one cooling or heating in the battery module and the passenger area.
  • the motor and controller realize the automatic design of opening and closing the window, without manual operation by personnel, and it is easy to use.
  • the roof frame is provided with threaded holes or nuts are pre-welded, and the new energy bus includes bolts that penetrate the mounting ears. Bolts are pierced and screwed into the threaded holes or nuts. The bolts fix the liquid heat exchange plate to the roof frame.
  • the liquid heat exchange plate is installed on the roof frame through threaded connection for easy disassembly and assembly.
  • a sealing flange is provided at the edge of the sealing cover
  • a sealing gasket is provided on one of the bottom surface of the sealing flange and the top surface of the roof skin
  • bolts are provided on the sealing flange.
  • the roof skin is provided with threaded holes or nuts are pre-welded.
  • New energy buses include bolts that penetrate the sealing flange and are screwed into the threaded holes or nuts on the roof skin. The bolts will seal the flange.
  • the gasket Fixed on the roof skin, the gasket elastically deforms to ensure the sealing performance between the sealing flange and the roof skin.
  • a sealing flange is provided at the edge of the sealing cover, a sealing body is welded on the roof skin at a position corresponding to the sealing flange, and the bottom surface of the sealing flange and the top surface of the sealing body are One of them is provided with a sealing gasket, the sealing flange is provided with bolt holes, and the sealing body is provided with threaded holes or pre-welded nuts.
  • the new energy bus includes bolt holes that penetrate the sealing flange and are screwed into the sealing body. The bolts in the threaded holes or nuts fix the sealing flange on the sealing body, and the sealing gasket elastically deforms to ensure the sealing performance between the sealing flange and the sealing body.
  • a sealing flange is provided at the edge of the sealing cover, and a glue storage tank is provided on the top surface of the sealing flange and/or the bottom surface of the roof skin, and the glue storage tank is used to store sealant. Bond the sealing flange and the roof skin together and ensure the sealing performance between the sealing flange and the roof skin.
  • the sealing cover and the roof skin are connected by adhesive, which not only ensures the sealing performance, but also allows for quick fixed installation.
  • a sealing flange is provided at the edge of the sealing cover, a sealing body is welded on the roof skin at a position corresponding to the sealing flange, and the bottom surface of the sealing flange and/or the top surface of the sealing body There is a glue storage tank on the top, which is used to store sealant to bond the sealing flange and the sealing body together and ensure the sealing performance between the sealing flange and the sealing body.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the top of the new energy bus provided by the present invention (the sealing cover is not shown);
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the battery module, sealing cover, roof skin, and roof frame in the new energy bus provided by the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the sealing cover, battery module, roof frame and sealing surface in the new energy bus provided by the present invention
  • connection In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection” and “connection” that may appear should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between the two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific situations.
  • the term "is provided with” that may appear should be understood in a broad sense.
  • the object of "is provided with” can be a part of the ontology, or it can be It is arranged separately from the body and connected to the body.
  • the connection can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific situations.
  • the new energy bus includes a body.
  • the body includes a roof frame 9 and a roof skin 3 located at the top.
  • the passenger area roof 2 separates the roof frame 9 from the passenger area 1 .
  • the battery module 5 is fixedly placed on the top of the car body.
  • the battery module 5 is formed by stacking the cells. When the cells are stacked, the cells are placed upright and the poles are arranged upward.
  • the specific forming method of the battery module 5 can be Structural glue can be used for bonding, and plastic brackets, end plates and side plates, cable ties, etc. can be used for bonding.
  • the forming method of the battery module 5 is an existing technology and will not be described again here.
  • the number of battery modules 5 is designed and changed according to the actual situation.
  • the placement direction of the battery modules 5 can be parallel to the driving direction of the vehicle, perpendicular to the driving direction of the vehicle, or a mixed arrangement.
  • the cells in the battery module 5 can be placed sideways or flat, with the poles arranged toward the horizontal side.
  • a liquid heat exchange plate 6 is fixed on the top of the vehicle body. There is a liquid flow channel in the liquid heat exchange plate 6. A liquid heat exchange plate connected to the liquid flow channel is provided on the surface of the liquid heat exchange plate 6. Plate openings 4, one part of the liquid heat exchange plate openings 4 serves as the coolant inlet, and the other part of the liquid heat exchange plate opening 4 serves as the coolant outlet.
  • the air conditioning system is connected to the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, and the coolant is in the liquid heat exchange plate 6 internal flow to achieve heating and cooling of the battery module 5.
  • the battery module 5 is fixed on the top surface of the liquid heat exchange plate 6 using structural adhesive.
  • the battery module 5 can be fixed on the liquid heat exchange plate 6 with bolts, or a pressure plate can be provided. Press the battery module 5 onto the liquid heat exchange plate 6.
  • the liquid heat exchange plate 6 is fixed with mounting ears 8.
  • the mounting ears 8 can be welded to the liquid heat exchange plate 6, or can be connected to the liquid heat exchange plate 6.
  • the heat exchange plate 6 is machined and formed in one piece.
  • the number of mounting ears 8 is selected according to the size of the liquid heat exchange plate 6 and the position of the roof frame 9. It can be set on the left, right, front and rear sides of the battery module 5. Normally, the number of mounting ears 8 is greater than 6. .
  • the roof frame 9 is processed with threaded holes, and the mounting ears 8 are provided with bolt holes.
  • the bolts 7 pass through the mounting ears 8 and then penetrate into the threaded holes of the roof frame 9, and the mounting ears 8 and the liquid heat exchange plate are 6 is fixed on the roof frame 9.
  • the bolts 7 penetrate the roof skin 3.
  • nuts are pre-welded in the roof frame 9, and the bolts 7 penetrate into the pre-welded nuts of the roof frame 9 to achieve fixation.
  • the liquid heat exchange plate 6 can be installed on the roof frame 9 by welding and bayonet fixing; in other embodiments, a cylinder is used to press and fix the liquid heat exchange plate 6 on the roof frame 9.
  • the assembly sequence of the battery module 5, the roof frame 9 and the liquid heat exchange plate 6 can be flexibly selected.
  • the battery module 5 and the liquid heat exchange plate 6 can be fixed offline first and then assembled onto the roof frame 9 as a whole;
  • the liquid heat exchange plate 6 can also be fixed on the roof frame 9 first, and then the battery module 5 can be fixed on the liquid heat exchange plate 6 .
  • a filling body is provided between the roof skin 3 and the top layer of the passenger area 2.
  • the filling body here is a partition or other filling material (not shown in the figure).
  • the filling body and the liquid heat exchange plate 6, the top layer of the passenger area 2 cooperate to form a chamber 12, and the heat of the liquid heat exchange plate 6 can be transferred to the chamber 12.
  • openings are opened in the roof skin 3 corresponding to the liquid heat exchange plate 6, so that the chamber 12 is directly connected to the bottom surface of the liquid heat exchange plate 6.
  • the opening area on the roof skin 3 is larger than the area of the liquid heat exchange plate 6.
  • the top of the partition or filler is sealed and fitted with the liquid heat exchange plate 6 to seal the chamber 12; in other embodiments , the opening area on the roof skin 3 can be smaller than the area of the liquid heat exchange plate 6.
  • the liquid heat exchange plate 6 is supported on the roof skin 3, and the liquid heat exchange plate 6 and the roof skin 3 are The seal between them is good, and the top of the filling body and the roof skin 3 are sealed and fitted to seal the chamber 12 .
  • the liquid heat exchange plate 6 is a metal plate with a large heat transfer coefficient.
  • FIG. 1 there is a window on the top 2 of the passenger area.
  • the window connects the chamber 12 and the passenger area 1.
  • a window 11 is rotatably installed on the top 2 of the passenger area. The window 11 can block the window and can also get out of the way. window.
  • a fan 10 is installed in the chamber 12. Specifically, the fan 10 is installed on the bottom surface of the liquid heat exchange plate 6. The fan 10 is directly opposite the window up and down, and the fan 10 can blow air toward the window.
  • the new energy bus is equipped with a motor and a controller for the window 11.
  • the motor is connected to the window 11 and can drive the window to cover the window or open the window.
  • the controller can control the start, stop and rotation direction of the motor.
  • a sealing cover 13 is also installed on the top of the vehicle body.
  • the sealing cover 13 covers the battery module 5 and forms a closed chamber together with the top of the vehicle body.
  • the sealing cover 13 can be made of composite material, plastic material or metal material.
  • the bottom of the sealing flange 14 has a flat sealing surface.
  • the sealing flange 14 is preset with perforations.
  • a sealing body 15 is provided on the top of the roof skin 3 corresponding to the sealing flange 14.
  • the sealing body 15 here is a metal profile welded to the roof skin 3.
  • the metal profile and the roof skin 3 are sealed. Good, there are threaded holes machined into the metal profile.
  • a sealing gasket 16 is fixed on the metal profile.
  • the sealing gasket 16 is made of elastic material and can be a silicone pad, a foam pad, etc.
  • the bolt passes through the sealing flange 14 and then is screwed into the threaded hole of the metal profile.
  • the sealing gasket 16 Deformation under pressure achieves sealing.
  • nuts and bolts can be pre-welded on the metal profile for matching.
  • the sealing gasket 16 can be eliminated, a glue storage tank can be opened on the bottom surface of the sealing flange 14 and/or the top surface of the sealing body 15, and the sealing cover 13 and the sealing body can be connected by filling the sealant in the glue storage tank. 15 are bonded and fixed together to ensure sealing performance.
  • the sealing body 15 may be a plate welded to the roof skin 3; in other embodiments, the sealing body 15 may be directly a part of the roof skin.
  • the sealing gasket 16 is disposed on the bottom surface of the sealing flange 14 .
  • the sealing flange 14 is eliminated, and the sealing cover 13 is directly installed on the vehicle roof using structural glue.
  • the sealing cover 13 and the top of the vehicle body form a closed battery accommodation cavity, and the battery module 5 is located in the battery accommodation cavity.
  • the battery module 5 is located in the battery accommodation cavity.
  • the passenger area 1 and the chamber 12 are connected through the window and the window 11.
  • the air conditioning system simultaneously cools the liquid heat exchange plate 6 and the passenger area 1.
  • the top surface of the liquid heat exchange plate 6 exchanges heat with the battery module 5 to cool the battery module 5, and the bottom surface of the liquid heat exchange plate 6 exchanges heat with the chamber 12 to cool the chamber 12.
  • the controller controls the motor to open the window 11 , and the fan 10 delivers the cold air in the chamber 12 to the passenger area 1 .
  • the window 11 is closed, and heat exchange between the passenger area 1 and the chamber 12 is no longer carried out.
  • the window 11 is manually rotated, or the window 11 can be detachably installed on the top 2 of the passenger area.
  • the roof skin 3 remains intact, and the cavity 12 exchanges heat with the liquid heat exchange plate 6 through the roof skin 3. Although the heat exchange efficiency will be reduced, compared with the existing technology, Heat utilization is still improved.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新能源客车，新能源客车包括车体，车体包括位于顶部的车顶骨架、覆盖在车顶骨架顶部的车顶蒙皮以及位于车顶骨架下方的乘客区顶层，车顶骨架上固设有液体换热板，所述液体换热板具有与空调系统相连的冷却液进口和冷却液出口，所述液体换热板顶面固设有电池模组，车顶蒙皮上直接或间接地密封安装有罩在电池模组外部的密封盖，所述液体换热板与所述乘客区顶层之间设有填充体并与液体换热板、乘客区顶层合围形成封闭的腔室，所述乘客区顶层上对应于腔室的位置设有与乘客区连通的窗口并于窗口处配置有可开启、关闭窗口的窗体，所述腔室内设有用于通过窗口向乘客区吹风的风机。

Description

一种新能源客车 技术领域
本发明属于新能源客车技术领域，具体涉及一种新能源客车中电池的布置和与车内的换热。
背景技术
高安全、低成本、轻量化是新能源行业快速发展的主要诉求，目前新能源客车一般采用标准电池包方案，多个电芯通过胶粘、螺栓固定等方式组成电池包，多个电池包通过高低压线束、热管理管路等以一定的串并联方式连接成电池系统，电池系统通过支架、螺栓等方式布置安装在整车的底盘上。目前的这种方式存在一些弊端，比如，电池包多为底置或后置的方式，容易因碰撞、涉水、浸水等因素导致电池包损坏，增加维修成本，影响客车运营，极端情况下甚至出现电池冒烟、着火等安全事故，造成财产与人身损失，无法满足高安全的需求。另外，通过电芯-电池模组-电池包-整车的集成方式，空间利用率低，电池电量受损，无法满足用户对于高续航的需求。
为解决目前存在的弊端，现有技术中采用顶置电池包的解决方案，具体地，在车顶骨架上固定电池安装骨架，将电池包固定在电池安装骨架上，然后再用车顶罩罩住电池包。如授权公告号为CN206201949U的中国实用新型专利采取的就是这种方式。
采用顶置电池包的方式能够解决电池包底置、后置时存在的一些问题，但是其集成方式仍为电芯-电池模组-电池包-整车，空间利用率较低，无法满足用户对于高续航的需求。电池包通常包括内置的液体换热板，液体换热板内有流道，空调系统与液体换热板相连，通过液体的流动对电池包内的电池进行加热或冷却，同时，空调系统也对乘客区进行加热或冷却。目前的新能源客车中，乘客区顶层将电池包和乘客区完全隔开，液体换热板中的液体除了与上方的电池进行换热之外，还会与下方的空气以及客车顶部的其他物体进行换热，这部分热量直接散失到空气中，未能有效利用。这就导致了整车的热量利用率较低，加大了能耗，缩短了续航里程。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新能源客车，以解决现有技术中空间利用率低、整车热量利用率低而导致续航里程较短的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明所提供的新能源客车的技术方案是：一种新能源客车，包括 车体，车体包括位于顶部的车顶骨架、覆盖在车顶骨架顶部的车顶蒙皮以及位于车顶骨架下方的乘客区顶层，车顶骨架上固设有液体换热板，所述液体换热板具有与空调系统相连的冷却液进口和冷却液出口，所述液体换热板顶面固设有电池模组，车顶蒙皮上直接或间接地密封安装有罩在电池模组外部的密封盖，所述液体换热板与所述乘客区顶层之间设有填充体并与液体换热板、乘客区顶层合围形成封闭的腔室，所述乘客区顶层上对应于腔室的位置设有与乘客区连通的窗口并于窗口处配置有可开启、关闭窗口的窗体，所述腔室内设有用于通过窗口向乘客区吹风的风机。
有益效果：电池模组通过液体换热板直接安装在车顶骨架上，并配备密封盖形成密封的腔室对电池模组进行保护，与现有技术中需要设置完整的电池包的方式相比，省去了电池包的侧板、顶板等结构，轻量化的优势更加明显，在相同的空间内能够布置更多的电池模组，提高了新能源客车的续航里程。通过在液体换热板的下方设置封闭的腔室，在乘客区顶层上开设窗口并配备窗体、风机，液体在液体换热板中流过时，顶面与电池模组进行换热，底部与腔室进行换热，窗体打开后风机将腔室内的热量以冷风或热风的形式吹向乘客区，对乘客区进行制冷或制热，减少空调系统为对乘客区进行制冷或制热所需的功耗，有效利用了液体换热板下方的热量，提高了整车的热量利用率，提高了续航里程。
进一步地，所述车顶蒙皮于腔室处设有开口，以使得液体换热板与腔室直接连通。液体换热板和腔室直接连通，液体换热板底部与腔室直接进行换热，从而对腔室进行加热或冷却，相比通过车顶蒙皮间接传热的方式来说，传热效率高，热量利用率高。
进一步地，所述填充体的顶部与液体换热板密封贴合、底部与乘客区顶层密封贴合，以形成所述腔室；或者，所述液体换热板支撑于车顶蒙皮上且与车顶蒙皮密封配合，所述填充体的顶部与车顶蒙皮密封贴合、底部与乘客区顶层密封贴合，以形成所述腔室。根据车顶蒙皮上开口的大小来合理选择方式，能够保证腔室的密闭。
进一步地，所述风机固设于所述液体换热板的底面上。风机固设于液体换热板上，避免加大乘客区顶层的负载。
进一步地，所述窗体转动安装于乘客区顶层上，新能源客车包括驱动窗体转动以开启、关闭窗口的电机，新能源客车还包括用于控制电机启停以及转动方向的控制器，控制器用于在电池模组、乘客区均进行制冷或制热时控制电机开启窗口，在电池模组、乘客区中仅有一个制冷或制热时控制电机关闭窗口。电机、控制器实现了窗体开启、关闭的自动化设计，无需人员手动操作，使用方便。
进一步地，所述液体换热板的边缘外侧设有安装耳，安装耳中设有螺栓穿孔；所述车 顶骨架上设有螺纹孔或预焊有螺母，新能源客车包括贯穿安装耳的螺栓穿孔并旋入螺纹孔或螺母中的螺栓，螺栓将液体换热板固设于车顶骨架上。液体换热板采用螺纹连接的方式安装在车顶骨架上，方便拆装。
进一步地，所述密封盖的边缘位置设有密封翻边，所述密封翻边的底面和车顶蒙皮的顶面中的其中一个上设有密封垫，所述密封翻边上设有螺栓穿孔，车顶蒙皮上设有螺纹孔或预焊有螺母，新能源客车包括贯穿密封翻边的螺栓穿孔并旋入车顶蒙皮上的螺纹孔或螺母中的螺栓，螺栓将密封翻边固设于车顶蒙皮上，密封垫弹性变形以保证密封翻边、车顶蒙皮之间的密封性能。通过设置密封翻边、密封垫，能够保证密封盖与车顶蒙皮之间的密封性能，防止外部的雨水等进入由密封盖、车顶形成的空间内。
进一步地，所述密封盖的边缘位置设有密封翻边，所述车顶蒙皮上对应于密封翻边的位置焊接有密封体，所述密封翻边的底面和密封体的顶面中的其中一个上设有密封垫，所述密封翻边上设有螺栓穿孔，密封体上设有螺纹孔或预焊有螺母，新能源客车包括贯穿密封翻边的螺栓穿孔并旋入密封体上的螺纹孔或螺母中的螺栓，螺栓将密封翻边固设于密封体上，密封垫弹性变形以保证密封翻边、密封体之间的密封性能。通过在车顶蒙皮上焊接密封体，在密封体上再开螺纹孔或焊接螺母，能够避免对车顶蒙皮进行破坏，在保证密封盖与车顶之间密封性能的同时保证车顶蒙皮的隔液、阻燃性能不被破坏。
进一步地，所述密封盖的边缘位置设有密封翻边，所述密封翻边的顶面和/或车顶蒙皮的底面上设有储胶槽，储胶槽用于储存密封胶，以将密封翻边、车顶蒙皮粘接在一起并保证密封翻边、车顶蒙皮之间的密封性能。通过胶粘的方式连接密封盖和车顶蒙皮，既保证了密封性能，又可以快速进行固定安装。
进一步地，所述密封盖的边缘位置设有密封翻边，所述车顶蒙皮上对应于密封翻边的位置焊接有密封体，所述密封翻边的底面和/或密封体的顶面上设有储胶槽，储胶槽用于储存密封胶，以将密封翻边、密封体粘接在一起并保证密封翻边、密封体之间的密封性能。设置密封体后，能够避免对车顶蒙皮进行破坏，在保证密封的同时保证车顶蒙皮的隔液、阻燃性能不被破坏。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供的新能源客车中顶部的示意图(未显示密封盖)；
图2为本发明所提供的新能源客车中电池模组、密封盖、车顶蒙皮、车顶骨架的配合示意图；
图3为本发明所提供的新能源客车中密封盖、电池模组、车顶骨架、密封面的配合示 意图；
附图标记说明：
1、乘客区；2、乘客区顶层；3、车顶蒙皮；4、液体换热板开口；5、电池模组；6、液体换热板；7、螺栓；8、安装耳；9、车顶骨架；10、风机；11、窗体；12、腔室；13、密封盖；14、密封翻边；15、密封体；16、密封垫。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明了，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明，即所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，可能出现的术语如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语如“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”等限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法。
在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，可能出现的术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，或者可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，可能出现的术语“设有”应做广义理解，例如，“设有”的对象可以是本体的一部分，也可以是与本体分体布置并连接在本体上，该连接可以是可拆连接，也可以是不可拆连接。对于本领域技术人员而言，可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
本发明所提供的新能源客车的具体实施例：
如图1至图3所示，新能源客车包括车体，车体包括位于顶部的车顶骨架9和车顶蒙皮3，车体内有乘客区1，乘客区1顶部有乘客区顶层2，乘客区顶层2将车顶骨架9和乘客区1隔开。
在车体的顶部固定放置有电池模组5，电池模组5由电芯堆叠形成，电芯堆叠时电芯正放，极柱朝上布置；其中，电池模组5的具体成型方式可以用结构胶进行粘结，也可以用塑胶支架、端板和侧板、扎带等方式，电池模组5的成型方式为现有技术，在此不再赘述。电池模组5的数量根据实际情况进行设计和改变，电池模组5的摆放方向可以平行于车辆行驶方向，也可以垂直于车辆行驶方向，也可以进行混合摆放。其他实施例中，电池模组5中的电芯可以侧放或平放，极柱朝水平一侧布置。
如图1所示，在车体的顶部先固定有液体换热板6，液体换热板6内有液体流道，液体换热板6板面上开设有与液体流道连通的液体换热板开口4，其中一部分液体换热板开口4作为冷却液进口，另一部分液体换热板开口4作为冷却液出口，空调系统与冷却液进口、冷却液出口相连，冷却液在液体换热板6内流动，实现对电池模组5的加热和冷却。
电池模组5采用结构胶粘结的方式固定在液体换热板6的顶面上，当然，其他实施例中，可以用螺栓将电池模组5固定在液体换热板6上，或者设置压板将电池模组5压紧在液体换热板6上。
如图1所示，为将液体换热板6固定安装在车体的顶部，液体换热板6上固定有安装耳8，安装耳8可以焊接在液体换热板6上，也可以与液体换热板6一体机加工成型。安装耳8的数量根据液体换热板6的大小以及车顶骨架9的位置进行选择，可以设置在电池模组5的左右、前后两侧，通常情况下，安装耳8的数量要大于6个。在车顶骨架9加工有螺纹孔，安装耳8上开设有螺栓穿孔，组装时，螺栓7穿过安装耳8后穿入车顶骨架9的螺纹孔中，将安装耳8、液体换热板6固定在车顶骨架9上，穿装螺栓7时，螺栓7贯穿车顶蒙皮3。其他实施例中，在车顶骨架9内预焊螺母，螺栓7穿入车顶骨架9的预焊螺母中，实现固定。其他实施例中，液体换热板6可以采用焊接、卡销固定的方式安装在车顶骨架9上；其他实施例中，用气缸将液体换热板6顶压固定在车顶骨架9上，需要拆卸维修、更换时，断开气缸的气源即可实现快速拆卸。
电池模组5、车顶骨架9和液体换热板6的组装顺序可以进行灵活选择，可以先将电池模组5、液体换热板6在线下固定后再整体组装到车顶骨架9上；也可以先将液体换热板6固定在车顶骨架9上，之后再将电池模组5固定在液体换热板6上。
在车顶蒙皮3和乘客区顶层2之间设置有填充体，此处的填充体为隔板或其他的填充物(图中未显示)，填充体与液体换热板6、乘客区顶层2配合形成腔室12，液体换热板6的热量能够传递至腔室12中。为了提高液体换热板6与腔室12之间传递的热量，车顶蒙皮3上在对应于液体换热板6处开口，使腔室12与液体换热板6的底面直接连通。其中，车顶蒙皮3上的开口面积大于液体换热板6的面积，此时，隔板或填充物的顶部与液体换热板6密封贴合实现腔室12的封闭；其他实施例中，车顶蒙皮3上的开口面积可以小于液体换热板6的面积，此时，液体换热板6支撑在车顶蒙皮3上，且液体换热板6与车顶蒙皮3之间密封良好，填充体的顶部与车顶蒙皮3密封贴合实现腔室12的封闭。其中，液体换热板6选用换热系数较大的金属板。
如图1所示，在乘客区顶层2上开设有窗口，窗口连通腔室12和乘客区1，在乘客区顶层2上转动安装有窗体11，窗体11能够遮挡窗口，还能够让开窗口。在腔室12中安装有风机10，具体地，风机10安装在液体换热板6的底面上，风机10与窗口上下正对，风机10能够朝向窗口吹风。其中，新能源客车为窗体11配备有电机和控制器，电机与窗体11相连，能够带动窗体遮挡窗口，也能够让开窗口，控制器能够控制电机的启停和转动方向。
如图2和图3所示，车体顶部还安装有密封盖13，密封盖13将电池模组5罩设在内，并且与车体顶部一起形成封闭的腔室。其中，密封盖13可以为复合材料、塑胶材质或金属材质，在密封盖13的边缘位置有密封翻边14，密封翻边14底部有平整的密封面，在密封翻边14预设有穿孔。
在车顶蒙皮3的顶部对应于密封翻边14设有密封体15，此处的密封体15为焊接在车顶蒙皮3上的金属型材，金属型材与车顶蒙皮3之间密封良好，金属型材上加工有螺纹孔。在金属型材上固定有密封垫16，密封垫16为弹性材料，可以为硅胶垫、发泡垫等，组装时，螺栓穿过密封翻边14后旋入金属型材的螺纹孔中，密封垫16受压变形实现密封。当然，其他实施例中，可以在金属型材上预焊螺母与螺栓进行配合。其他实施例中，可以将密封垫16取消，在密封翻边14的底面和/或密封体15的顶面上开储胶槽，通过在储胶槽内填充密封胶将密封盖13和密封体15粘接固定在一起，并保证密封性能。其他实施例中，密封体15可以为焊接在车顶蒙皮3上的板材；其他实施例中，密封体15可以直接为车顶蒙皮的一部分。其他实施例中，将密封垫16设置在密封翻边14的底面上。其他实施例中，取消密封翻边14，密封盖13直接用结构胶安装在车顶上。
密封盖13与车体顶部形成了封闭的电池容纳腔，电池模组5位于电池容纳腔中，与现有技术中在车体顶部固定电池包的方式相比，不需要设置电池包的侧板、顶板等结构，节 省材料并实现了轻量化，同时节约了空间，在有限的空间内可以布置更多的电池模组5，利于提高新能源客车的续航里程。
本实施例中，乘客区1和腔室12通过窗口、窗体11相连，当乘客区1以及电池模组5均需要制冷时，空调系统同时对液体换热板6和乘客区1进行制冷，液体换热板6的顶面与电池模组5进行换热，从而对电池模组5进行冷却，液体换热板6的底面与腔室12进行换热，从而对腔室12进行冷却，此时，控制器控制电机开启窗体11，风机10将腔室12内的冷风输送到乘客区1中。同样的工作过程适用于制热的使用工况。当仅对乘客区1或仅对电池模组5进行制冷、制热时，窗体11关闭窗口，乘客区1和腔室12之间不再进行换热。通过设置腔室12、窗口和窗体11，能够防止液体换热板6底部的制冷能量或制热能量散失在空气中而无法得到有效的利用，由此提高了整车的能量利用率。
其他实施例中，窗体11采用手动转动的方式，或者，窗体11可以可拆地安装在乘客区顶层2上。
其他实施例中，车顶蒙皮3保持完整，腔室12通过车顶蒙皮3与液体换热板6进行换热，虽然换热效率会有所下降，但是相比现有技术而言，热量利用率仍有所提高。
最后需要说明的是，以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细地说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行不需付出创造性劳动的修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种新能源客车，包括车体，车体包括位于顶部的车顶骨架(9)、覆盖在车顶骨架(9)顶部的车顶蒙皮(3)以及位于车顶骨架(9)下方的乘客区顶层(2)，其特征在于：车顶骨架(9)上固设有液体换热板(6)，所述液体换热板(6)具有与空调系统相连的冷却液进口和冷却液出口，所述液体换热板(6)顶面固设有电池模组(5)，车顶蒙皮(3)上直接或间接地密封安装有罩在电池模组(5)外部的密封盖(13)，所述液体换热板(6)与所述乘客区顶层(2)之间设有填充体并与液体换热板(6)、乘客区顶层(2)合围形成封闭的腔室(12)，所述乘客区顶层(2)上对应于腔室(12)的位置设有与乘客区(1)连通的窗口并于窗口处配置有可开启、关闭窗口的窗体(11)，所述腔室(12)内设有用于通过窗口向乘客区(1)吹风的风机(10)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的新能源客车，其特征在于：所述车顶蒙皮(3)于腔室(12)处设有开口，以使得液体换热板(6)与腔室(12)直接连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的新能源客车，其特征在于：所述填充体的顶部与液体换热板(6)密封贴合、底部与乘客区顶层(2)密封贴合，以形成所述腔室(12)；或者，所述液体换热板(6)支撑于车顶蒙皮(3)上且与车顶蒙皮(3)密封配合，所述填充体的顶部与车顶蒙皮(3)密封贴合、底部与乘客区顶层(2)密封贴合，以形成所述腔室(12)。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的新能源客车，其特征在于：所述风机(10)固设于所述液体换热板(6)的底面上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的新能源客车，其特征在于：所述窗体(11)转动安装于乘客区顶层(2)上，新能源客车包括驱动窗体(11)转动以开启、关闭窗口的电机，新能源客车还包括用于控制电机启停以及转动方向的控制器，控制器用于在电池模组(5)、乘客区(1)均进行制冷或制热时控制电机开启窗口，在电池模组(5)、乘客区(1)中仅有一个制冷或制热时控制电机关闭窗口。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的新能源客车，其特征在于：所述液体换热板(6)的边缘外侧设有安装耳(8)，安装耳(8)中设有螺栓穿孔；所述车顶骨架(9)上设有螺纹孔或预焊有螺母，新能源客车包括贯穿安装耳(8)的螺栓穿孔并旋入螺纹孔或螺母中的螺栓(7)，螺栓(7)将液体换热板(6)固设于车顶骨架(9)上。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的新能源客车，其特征在于：所述密封盖(13)的边缘位置设有密封翻边(14)，所述密封翻边(14)的底面和车顶蒙皮(3)的顶面中的其中一个上设有密封垫(16)，所述密封翻边(14)上设有螺栓穿孔，车顶蒙皮(3)上设有螺纹孔或预焊有螺母，新能源客车包括贯穿密封翻边(14)的螺栓穿孔并旋入车顶蒙皮 (3)上的螺纹孔或螺母中的螺栓(7)，螺栓(7)将密封翻边(14)固设于车顶蒙皮(3)上，密封垫(16)弹性变形以保证密封翻边(14)、车顶蒙皮(3)之间的密封性能。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的新能源客车，其特征在于：所述密封盖(13)的边缘位置设有密封翻边(14)，所述车顶蒙皮(3)上对应于密封翻边(14)的位置焊接有密封体(15)，所述密封翻边(14)的底面和密封体(15)的顶面中的其中一个上设有密封垫(16)，所述密封翻边(14)上设有螺栓穿孔，密封体(15)上设有螺纹孔或预焊有螺母，新能源客车包括贯穿密封翻边(14)的螺栓穿孔并旋入密封体(15)上的螺纹孔或螺母中的螺栓(7)，螺栓(7)将密封翻边(14)固设于密封体(15)上，密封垫(16)弹性变形以保证密封翻边(14)、密封体(15)之间的密封性能。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的新能源客车，其特征在于：所述密封盖(13)的边缘位置设有密封翻边(14)，所述密封翻边(14)的顶面和/或车顶蒙皮(3)的底面上设有储胶槽，储胶槽用于储存密封胶，以将密封翻边(14)、车顶蒙皮(3)粘接在一起并保证密封翻边(14)、车顶蒙皮(3)之间的密封性能。
  10. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的新能源客车，其特征在于：所述密封盖(13)的边缘位置设有密封翻边(14)，所述车顶蒙皮(3)上对应于密封翻边(14)的位置焊接有密封体(15)，所述密封翻边(14)的底面和/或密封体(15)的顶面上设有储胶槽，储胶槽用于储存密封胶，以将密封翻边(14)、密封体(15)粘接在一起并保证密封翻边(14)、密封体(15)之间的密封性能。
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