WO2023221840A1 - 深远海双体工船养殖方法 - Google Patents

深远海双体工船养殖方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023221840A1
WO2023221840A1 PCT/CN2023/093361 CN2023093361W WO2023221840A1 WO 2023221840 A1 WO2023221840 A1 WO 2023221840A1 CN 2023093361 W CN2023093361 W CN 2023093361W WO 2023221840 A1 WO2023221840 A1 WO 2023221840A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
breeding
fish
cabin
hull
catamaran
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/093361
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
雷东
Original Assignee
青岛蓝色粮仓海洋渔业发展有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 青岛蓝色粮仓海洋渔业发展有限公司 filed Critical 青岛蓝色粮仓海洋渔业发展有限公司
Priority to JP2023580367A priority Critical patent/JP2024525019A/ja
Priority to EP23806792.0A priority patent/EP4353079A1/en
Publication of WO2023221840A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023221840A1/zh
Priority to NO20240280A priority patent/NO20240280A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/80—Feeding devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/90—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination
    • A01K61/95—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination specially adapted for fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/02—Receptacles specially adapted for transporting live fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K79/00—Methods or means of catching fish in bulk not provided for in groups A01K69/00 - A01K77/00, e.g. fish pumps; Detection of fish; Whale fishery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/14—Fishing vessels
    • B63B35/24—Fish holds
    • B63B35/26—Fish holds for live fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cultivating aquatic organisms in deep sea areas, and belongs to the fields of aquaculture and ship and ocean engineering.
  • the hull structure of existing large-scale breeding ships generally follows the traditional bulk carrier ship design, and adopts a closed cabin breeding mode.
  • This closed breeding mode has the problem of high cost per unit of breeding water body and breeding cost.
  • the popular method is to use cages for breeding.
  • cage breeding has the disadvantages of difficulty in movement and poor maneuverability.
  • CN112021240A which is called a catamaran movable farming vessel, including a first hull and a second hull arranged oppositely on the sides of the hull to provide main buoyancy, and located on the third
  • the application integrates closed farming and open farming methods to achieve offshore wild farming from fry to adult fish.
  • the above-mentioned existing technology adopts a two-stage breeding hull and breeding process.
  • Small-sized fry are placed in the closed first hull and second hull for breeding, while larger-sized fish are placed in a lifting platform between the two hulls.
  • Cultured in cages it mainly has the following application shortcomings and limitations: First, during the stages of sorting farmed fish and catching adult fish, there are problems such as difficulty in operation and difficulty in directional transfer of fish between the hull and the cage.
  • the feeding system to be used has always been a key technical difficulty in deep-sea aquaculture, but the above-mentioned
  • the cage adopts a fixed connection method, which forms a large water resistance during the movement of the catamaran, which accordingly increases the energy consumption of the hull transfer; in addition, , in the event of severe weather and sea conditions and other environmental conditions, it is easier to cause death or disease of fish cultured in cages.
  • the far-reaching sea catamaran workboat breeding method of the present invention aims to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and propose a new type of catamaran workboat with a submerged vertical lifting breeding warehouse and a top mobile feeding system.
  • the transfer system and water level difference control method between the catamaran warehouse and the breeding warehouse are designed to improve the flexibility of existing deep-sea breeding transportation and transfer, effectively reduce the cost of work boat breeding, and realize the design of cages with the ability to move and leave the water. Purpose.
  • the deep-sea catamaran work boat breeding method described is to use the natural water environment outside the hull to conduct open fish farming in the breeding warehouse throughout the entire life cycle from fry to adult fish; in the catamaran
  • the cultured fish are placed inside the cabin assembly for temporary breeding; based on the transfer channel and water level difference control between the hull assembly on both sides and the breeding warehouse, the fish are directionally transferred or unloaded; using the top of the hull assembly
  • the mobile lifting mechanism lifts the feed cabin, and feeds the breeding cabin below while traveling along the H-shaped frame; the mobile lifting mechanism is used to lift the breeding cabin, and the breeding cabin shrinks vertically and is lifted out of the water; in the catamaran
  • the breeding warehouse is placed on the top deck of the hull assembly.
  • a water pump is first used to lower the water level in the compartment to a set low water level and continuously pump water outwards.
  • the second fish catching frame is pulled up, and the cultured fish pass through
  • the fish outlet of the breeding warehouse and the fish inlet of the cabin enter the compartment;
  • a water pump is first used to raise the water level in the compartment to the set high water level and continuously pump water inward. Pull up the first fish catching frame, and the cultured fish enter the breeding chamber through the fish inlet of the breeding chamber, the fish outlet of the cabin and the sorting machine.
  • the mobile lifting mechanism located on the top deck of the hull assembly on both sides lifts the feed cabin while traveling along the H-shaped frame, and controls the valve to open to put the feed stored in the feed cabin into the breeding below. In the warehouse.
  • the upper cabin and the lower cabin are retracted toward each other to reduce the volume of the inner cabin until the bottom surface of the upper cabin contacts the inner bottom surface of the lower cabin; now When the first hole of the cabin is concentric with the third hole of the upper cabin, the entire breeding barn is locked by inserting bolts between the two.
  • a sorting machine is used to connect the fish outlet of the cabin and the fish inlet of the breeding warehouse, and the sorted farmed fish are transferred to different breeding warehouses through several sorting ports. Or unload the finished fish directly from the catamaran boat.
  • the breeding chamber is compressed and stowed vertically and then removed from the hull assembly, and a maintenance ship is used to transfer the breeding chamber.
  • the compartments are loaded with fry or unfinished cultured fish.
  • the upper and lower compartments of the breeding compartment are retracted vertically toward each other to minimize the volume.
  • the lower and upper compartments are locked, and the breeding compartment is stored in the hull assembly. on the top deck, and simultaneously lower the lifting assembly to the lowest vertical position;
  • the lower cabin After arriving at the breeding area, unlock the lower cabin and the upper cabin.
  • the longitudinal movement component and the lateral movement component use the lifting component to sequentially place the upper cabin on the partition frame of the hull component, and securely connect the upper cabin to the hull component.
  • the lower cabin is stretched to the vertical lowest position by its own weight; the water level of the compartment is raised to a high level through the water pump, and the first fish driving frame is vertically lifted by adjusting the longitudinal movement component, the transverse movement component and the lifting component to drive away the cultured fish
  • the cultured fish are directionally transferred into the breeding warehouse through the sorting machine and the fish inlet of the breeding warehouse, and the cultured fish are no longer temporarily stored in the compartment; in the daily breeding + process, by adjusting the operation of the longitudinal shift component, the horizontal shift component
  • the moving assembly and lifting assembly move the feed cabin until it is located vertically above the breeding barn, and open the valve through the control program for directional feeding;
  • the first step is to lower the water level in the compartment to the set low water level through the water pump, close the fish inlet of the breeding bin, open the fish outlet of the breeding bin, and at the same time open the fish inlet of the cabin; by adjusting and operating the longitudinal shift component and the transverse shift component and a lifting assembly to vertically lift the second fish driving frame to drive the cultured fish from the breeding warehouse, the fish outlet of the breeding warehouse and the fish inlet of the cabin into the compartment;
  • the second step adjust the operation of the longitudinal movement component and the lateral movement component. Pull the lifting component as a whole vertically above a certain breeding warehouse to the highest vertical position, and pull the lower cabin and the upper cabin vertically toward each other to recover and compress to a minimum. high;
  • the third step is to close the breeding cabin, loosen the fixed connection between the upper cabin and the hull assembly, release the horizontal limit of the upper cabin, continue to move the upper cabin and lower cabin vertically upward, and the breeding cabin is completely lifted out of the water;
  • the breeding bin is fixedly connected to the partition frame, and the breeding bin is placed on the top deck of the hull assembly;
  • the fourth step is to lock the lower cabin and the upper cabin, lower the lifting assembly to the lowest vertical position, close all compartments, and drive the catamaran work vessel back to the shore.
  • the deep-sea catamaran work boat breeding method described above has the following advantages:
  • This application realizes a deep-sea breeding system and method for various types of fish that are immersed outside the hull. It makes full use of the improved open-type breeding method proposed by the deep-sea water environment, and truly realizes the cultivation of the wild sea environment from fry to adult fish. Full breeding process.
  • this application adopts low-density open wild breeding throughout the breeding cycle, which can significantly improve the quality of aquatic life cultivation. , to achieve higher economic value.
  • the feeding control based on the ship-mounted gantry crane can realize the polyculture of various aquatic organisms and improve the refinement and yield of the breeding process.
  • the movement and lifting control of the submerged breeding warehouse are realized.
  • the breeding warehouse is lifted out of the water to facilitate the transfer and maintenance of the catamaran work vessel. It is conducive to reducing the water resistance encountered by the catamaran work vessel when traveling, protecting the breeding barn, and facilitating the maintenance of the breeding barn.
  • the design scheme proposed in this application significantly improves the level of intelligence and automation in the feeding, catching, sorting, cleaning and other stages of deep-sea aquaculture.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the deep sea breeding catamaran work vessel described in this application.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part B in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic front view of the hull structure shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part C in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part D in Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic side view of the hull structure shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the feed cabin
  • Figure 9 is an isometric view of a partial structure of the hull shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 10 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part E in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part F in Figure 9;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the breeding warehouse being moved to the front of the hull
  • Figure 13 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part G in Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic top view of part G in Figure 12;
  • Figure 15 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part H in Figure 13;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the breeding warehouse
  • Figure 17 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part I in Figure 16;
  • Figure 18 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part J in Figure 16;
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of the lifting assembly
  • Figure 20 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part K in Figure 19;
  • Figure 21 is a schematic structural diagram of the first fish catching frame.
  • W1 points to the horizontal plane
  • W2 points to the set high water level in the cabin
  • W3 points to the set low water level in the cabin.
  • Example 1 The far-reaching sea catamaran breeding method described in this application realizes the submerged breeding of various fishes outside the hull, and utilizes the natural wild water environment of the far-reaching sea to implement the entire breeding process from fry to capture.
  • the transfer between the hull and the breeding warehouse can be adjusted according to the breeding plan, and the transfer and loading and unloading operations between the hull and shore-based transportation facilities are more convenient, all realizing dynamic and refined breeding management.
  • Water circulation can be carried out between the work ship cabin and the external environment through biological filtration technology.
  • the work ship cabin absorbs water from overboard and injects it, forming a directional circulating water flow under the control of the internal circulation device, and finally discharges it to the overboard through the drainage pipe. Circulation and purification of sea water inside and outside the cabin.
  • a new type of deep-sea breeding catamaran includes hull components 10 arranged on both sides, a breeding warehouse 50 located between the hull components 10, and a 10.
  • the sorting machine 1091 for directional transfer of farmed fish to the breeding warehouse 50.
  • the hull assembly 10 is provided with a number of closed and mutually isolated compartments 102 for temporary breeding and storage during transportation of fry to the breeding area, transportation of adult fish to the shore for sale, and transfer to different sea areas according to demand. transportation.
  • a hatch 103 is provided on the top of each compartment 102, and a hatch cover 107 closes the hatch 103;
  • a longitudinal guide rail 105 is provided on the top of the hull component 10 on each side.
  • the longitudinal guide rail 105 is fixedly connected to the hull component through the frame 104.
  • a first rack 107 is provided along the side of the longitudinal guide rail 105;
  • a partition frame 106 is provided between the tops of the hull components 10 on both sides.
  • the partition frame 106 has a plurality of evenly distributed upwardly opening slots 1061 , and a plurality of slots 1062 are provided on the partition frame 106 .
  • the side of the hull assembly 10 facing the breeding warehouse 50 is provided with two rows of openings arranged vertically.
  • the higher row of openings is located above the waterline of the hull, which forms the fish outlet 109 of the cabin; the lower row of openings is located above the waterline of the hull.
  • the cabin fish inlet 108 is formed below the waterline of the hull; the cabin fish outlet 109 and the cabin fish inlet 108 both pass through the partition frame 106 .
  • the cabin fish outlet 109 and the cabin fish inlet 108 are usually closed and can be opened when transferring fish.
  • a first sealing groove 1082 is provided on the partition frame 106, and the first sealing door 1081 is usually inserted into the first sealing groove 1082 to close the fish inlet 108 of the cabin.
  • the fish inlet 108 of the cabin is located above W3 but lower than W1. ;
  • a cabin fish outlet 109 is set at a position W2 higher than W1.
  • Fish collecting devices are provided at the bottom of the compartment 102 of the hull assembly 10 and the breeding warehouse 50 to drive the breeding fish to their respective fish outlets.
  • the fish gathering device includes a first fish catching frame 60 and a second fish catching frame 506.
  • feed cabins 70 are provided on the top deck of the hull assembly 10, and feed required for breeding is stored in the feed cabins 70.
  • the feed cabin 70 is composed of a bracket 701, a bin body 702, a hook 703, a discharge port 704 and a valve 705.
  • the discharge port 704 is set at the bottom of the bin body 702 and is controlled to open and close through the valve 705.
  • a mobile lifting mechanism such as a gantry crane, is provided between the tops of the hull components 10 on both sides.
  • the mobile lifting mechanism includes a lifting component 40 and a longitudinal shift component 20 and a transverse shift component 30 distributed along both sides of the hull.
  • the longitudinal shift component 20 has The bottom structure of the H-shaped frame has two transverse guide rails 202 fixed thereto.
  • the mobile lifting mechanism is used to lift the feed cabins 70 placed on the hulls on both sides.
  • the feed cabin valve is opened to perform feeding operations to the breeding warehouse 50 below along the trajectory of the gantry crane.
  • the first motor 205 is installed on the longitudinal movement component 20 and is fixedly connected to the longitudinal movement component 20 through the first motor mounting plate 204, the first guide groove 201 at the bottom, and the second rack 207 fixedly connected to the side. ;
  • the first gear 206 is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the first motor 205, the first gear 206 meshes with the first rack 107, and the first guide groove 201 is slidingly connected to the longitudinal guide rail 105; driven by the first motor 205, the longitudinal
  • the moving component 20 can move back and forth along the X-axis direction.
  • a second motor 311, an array of vertically arranged first guide sleeves 302 and a second guide groove 301 at the bottom are installed on the traverse assembly 30; the first guide sleeves 302 are vertically connected upward to the lifting assembly 40, and the second The guide groove 301 is slidingly connected to the transverse guide rail 202 of the longitudinal shift assembly 20.
  • the second motor 311 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the transverse shift assembly 30 through the second motor mounting plate 310.
  • the second gear 312 is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the second motor 311. , the second gear 312 is meshed and connected with the second rack 207; driven by the second motor 311, the traverse assembly 30 can reciprocate along the Y-axis direction.
  • the lifting assembly 40 includes a lifting frame 401.
  • a plurality of sets of guide rods 412 are provided at the bottom of the lifting frame 401.
  • Two sets of guide rods 402 are fixedly connected inside the lifting frame 401.
  • the two ends of the left sliding rod 403 and the right sliding rod 404 are respectively fixedly connected with sliding sleeves 408.
  • the sliding sleeves 408 are slidingly connected to the guide rod 402.
  • the left sliding rod 403 is provided with a left-handed thread 415
  • the right sliding rod 404 is provided with a Right-hand thread 416;
  • the third motor 406 is installed and connected to the side of the lifting frame 401 through the U-shaped plate 405.
  • the two-way screw 407 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor 406.
  • the two-way screw 407 is threaded through the left slide rod 403 and the right slide rod respectively.
  • 404 that is, both ends of the two-way screw 407 are symmetrically provided with right-hand threads and left-hand threads.
  • the left slide bar 403 and the right slide bar 404 slide toward or away from each other along the Y-axis direction inside the lifting frame 401 to change the distance between them.
  • Each sliding sleeve 408 is installed and connected to an electric hoist 409, and the electric hoist 409 is downwardly connected to the pulling plate 411 through a first steel cable 410.
  • fourth motors 413 are installed and connected to the lifting frame 401 .
  • the output shaft of the fourth motors 413 is fixedly connected to the lifting screw 414 , and the lifting screw 414 is threadedly connected to the lifting nut 313 of the traverse assembly 30 .
  • the first telescopic rod 303, the second telescopic rod 304 and the third telescopic rod 305 are nested and slidably connected in sequence.
  • the top of the third telescopic rod 305 is connected to the guide column 412.
  • the first telescopic rod 303, the second telescopic rod 304 and the third telescopic rod 305 sequentially and synchronously expand and contract, so that the vertical height of the lifting assembly 40 can be adjusted.
  • the breeding warehouse 50 is located between the hull components 10 on both sides and adopts a suspended connection method for daily breeding. That is, when the catamaran boat travels to the deep sea breeding area, the fry or temporarily raised unfinished fish inside the hull are transferred to the breeding warehouse 50, so that the fish can be cultured immersed in the natural wild environment outside the hull; The finished fish is transferred from the breeding warehouse 50 to the interior of the compartment 102 of the hull assembly 10, and then returned to the shore via the catamaran work vessel for unloading and sale.
  • the breeding chamber 50 is provided with a fish inlet and a fish outlet toward the sides of the hulls on both sides of the breeding chamber to form a connection channel with the fish inlet and outlet of the hull.
  • the fish inlet and outlet of the breeding warehouse are at the same level as the waterline of the hull. They are usually closed and opened when transferring fish.
  • the deep sea culture described in this application belongs to submerged culture.
  • the culture warehouse In order to increase the volume of the culture water body, the culture warehouse needs to have a large plane capacity, such as 400 square meters.
  • the breeding warehouse 50 In order to reduce water resistance when the catamaran work boat is traveling, the breeding warehouse 50 needs to be detached from the water and placed on the top of the hull. In order to prevent obvious shaking when the breeding bin rises above the water surface, it has a vertically retractable structure to reduce the volume during non-breeding periods and facilitate storage and fixation.
  • the breeding cabin 50 is composed of an upper cabin 501 and a lower cabin 502 connected together.
  • the upper cabin 501 is connected with a breeding cabin cover 503 and several movable pulley assemblies 504 at the top.
  • a second fish catching frame 506 is provided at the bottom of the lower cabin 502.
  • the upper cabin 501 is provided with a fish inlet 5051 and a fish outlet 5052 of the breeding warehouse, and a second sealing groove 5053 and a second sealing door 505 are provided at the fish inlet 5051 and the fish outlet 5052 of the breeding warehouse.
  • the fish inlet 5051 and the fish outlet 5052 of the breeding bin are closed through the second sealing groove 5053.
  • the transfer of farmed fish between the compartment 102 and the breeding warehouse 50 is mainly achieved by relying on the water level difference between the two.
  • the fish outlet 109 of the cabin is connected with the fish inlet 5051 of the breeding warehouse, and water pumps and other equipment are used to inject seawater from outside the ship into the hull, so that the water level in the cabin is higher than the seawater outside.
  • the first fish catching frame 60 at the bottom of the compartment 102 rises to concentrate the cultured fish on the upper part of the hull, and the cultured fish are transferred to the breeding warehouse 50;
  • the fish inlet 108 of the ship cabin is connected with the fish outlet 5052 of the breeding warehouse, and the water pump pumps out the seawater in the hull so that the water level in the cabin is lower than the sea water outside.
  • the second fish catching frame 506 rises to gather the cultured fish in the upper part of the breeding warehouse 50, and the cultured fish are transferred to the compartment 102.
  • One end of the breeding bin cover 503 is hinged with the pin hole 5012 of the upper cabin 501 through a pin 5031, and the other end of the breeding bin lid 503 is connected to the corresponding screw hole of the upper cabin 501 through the locking hole 5033 on the limit block 5032 that is fixedly connected thereto.
  • the connection is fixed so that the breeding bin cover 503 can be opened during maintenance or inspection.
  • the movable pulley assembly 504 is composed of a second steel cable 5041, a fixed plate 5042, a steel cable frame 5043, a pulley 5044, a pulley shaft 5045, a steel cable frame hole 5046 and a steel cable head 5047.
  • a steel cable frame is provided on the steel cable frame 5043.
  • the second steel cable 5041 is wound around the pulley 5044, one end of which is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 5042, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the steel cable head 5047.
  • the pulley shaft 5045 fixedly connected to the pulley 5044 is sleeved between the steel cable frame holes 5046 of the steel cable frame 5043, and the pulley 5044 and the pulley shaft 5045 are rotationally connected.
  • the steel cable head 5047 passes through the first hole 5014 of the upper cabin 501 and is fixedly connected to the upper cabin 501; at the same time, the second steel cable 5041 passes through the second hole 5013 and leaves a gap with it, and the second steel cable 5041 passes through the fixed plate 5042 It is fixedly connected to the shaft pin 5021 fixedly connected to the lower cabin 502.
  • the outer side wall of the upper cabin 501 adopts a clearance fit with the inner side wall of the lower cabin 502, and the vertical height of the upper cabin 501 is greater than that of the lower cabin 502.
  • the bottom of the upper cabin 501 is open, and the bottom of the lower cabin 502 is a closed frame.
  • the upper end surface of the outer boss 5015 fixedly connected to the upper cabin 501 contacts and is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the inner boss 5023 of the lower cabin 502, thereby restricting the lower cabin 502 from continuing to extend.
  • the bottom surface of the upper cabin 501 is in contact with the inner bottom surface 5024 of the lower cabin 502, so it cannot be shortened further.
  • the first hole 5022 of the lower cabin 502 is concentric with the third hole 5011 of the upper cabin 501, and passes through Thread the bolt between the two to lock them.
  • the fourth hole 5016 of the upper cabin 501 is fixedly connected to the slot hole 1062 of the hull component 10 through bolts, the upper cabin 501 is relatively fixedly suspended. Pull the cable hook 5048 upward, and the lower cabin 502 moves upward. Based on the driving principle of the movable pulley, the moving distance of the steel cable hook 5048 is half of the moving distance of the lower cabin 502. This reduces the distance that the electric hoist 409 of the lifting assembly 40 moves to drive the first steel cable 410, thereby reducing the length of the lifting assembly. 40 overall height.
  • the second fish-catching frame 506 is arranged on the inner bottom surface 5024 of the lower cabin 502.
  • Several second hooks 5062 are connected to the second fish-catching frame 506 through the second rod 5061.
  • the second hooks 5062 extend out and Located above the top of the upper cabin 501.
  • first fishing frame 60 provided at the bottom of each compartment 102 is connected to the first hook 602 vertically upward through the first rod 601.
  • the first hook 602 extends and is located on the hull. Assembly 10 on the top deck.
  • the whole breeding warehouse has an open structure. That is, the inside of the upper cabin 501, the outside of the lower cabin 502, the outside of the breeding chamber cover 503, and the upper surface of the second fish catching frame 506 are all covered with fishing nets.
  • One end of the sorting machine 1091 is connected to the fish outlet 109 of the cabin, and the other end is connected to the fish inlet 5051 of the breeding warehouse; the sorting machine 1091 has several sorting ports 1092, and the sorted farmed fish can be transferred to different In the breeding warehouse 50, the finished fish may be unloaded directly from the work vessel.
  • this application realizes the following deep-sea breeding method with the outer hull immersed that can be used for many species of fish:
  • the farmed fish are placed inside the cabin assembly 10 for temporary cultivation. ;
  • the fish are directionally transferred or unloaded;
  • a mobile lifting mechanism is used to lift the breeding bin 50.
  • the breeding bin 50 shrinks vertically and is then lifted out of the water; and while the catamaran workboat is traveling, the breeding bin 50 is placed on the top deck of the hull assembly 10.
  • a water pump is first used to lower the water level in the compartment 102 to the W3 position and continuously pump water outward, and then the second sealing door 505 and the first sealing door are opened. 1081.
  • the electric hoist 409 drives and pulls the pulling plate 411 connected to the end of the first steel cable 410 to hook the second hook 5062 of the second fish catching frame 506 and pull up the second fish catching frame 506.
  • the cultured fish will move along the In the direction of arrow P1 in Figure 5, the fish enters the compartment 102 through the fish outlet 5052 of the breeding warehouse and the fish inlet 108 of the cabin.
  • the mobile lifting mechanism located on the top deck of the hull assembly 10 on both sides lifts the feed cabin 70 while traveling along the H-shaped frame composed of the longitudinal movement assembly 20 and the transverse movement assembly 30, and controls the valve 705 to open.
  • the feed stored in the feed cabin 70 is put into the breeding cabin 50 below.
  • the upper cabin 501 and the lower cabin 502 are retracted toward each other to reduce the volume of the inner cabin until the upper cabin 501 is The bottom surface is in contact with the inner bottom surface 5024 of the lower cabin 502; at this time, the first hole 5022 of the lower cabin 502 is concentric with the third hole 5011 of the upper cabin 501, and the entire breeding warehouse 50 can be assembled by inserting bolts between the two. Lock.
  • a sorting machine 1091 is used to connect the fish outlet 109 of the cabin and the fish inlet 5051 of the breeding warehouse, and the sorted farmed fish are transferred to different breeding warehouses through several sorting ports 1092 50, or the finished fish will be unloaded directly from the work vessel.
  • this application provides a specific operation process for removing the breeding warehouse 50 from the hull assembly 10:
  • the maintenance ship 80 is used to unload the breeding warehouse 50 from the work ship and move it to other places, such as transporting it back to the shore for maintenance, or transferring it to other nearby work ships to repeat. Use and other purposes.
  • the first steel cable 410 pulls the pulling plate 411 at its end to hook the steel cable hook 5048 of the movable pulley assembly 504, so that the upper cabin 501 and the lower cabin 502 move vertically
  • several fourth motors 413 simultaneously drive the lifting screw 414 and the lifting screw mother 313 of the traverse assembly 30 to rotate relative to each other to lift the lifting assembly 40 as a whole until it is completely out of the water; finally, , the first motor 205 and the second motor 311 are started at the same time, the breeding warehouse 50 is moved laterally to the vertical direction above the maintenance ship 80, and several fourth motors 413 are driven at the same time to pull the lifting assembly 40 down as a whole until the breeding warehouse 50 landed on the deck of the maintenance ship 80, and separated the pulling plate 411 from the steel cable hook 5048; according to the destination of maintenance or transfer, the breeding warehouse 50 was transferred to another place through the maintenance ship 80.
  • the process of using the above-mentioned catamaran work vessel for deep sea farming includes the following stages:
  • the compartment 102 contains fry or unfinished farmed fish.
  • the upper part of the breeding warehouse 50 is The cabin 501 and the lower cabin 502 are vertically retracted towards each other and reduced to the minimum volume. If bolts are used to penetrate the first hole 5022 of the lower cabin 502 of the breeding chamber 50 and the third hole 5011 of the upper chamber 501 to lock them, the breeding chamber 50 can be passed through the groove at the bottom.
  • the hole 1062 is fixedly connected to the partition frame 106 to store the breeding bin 50 on the top deck of the hull assembly 10 .
  • the bolt connection between the first hole 5022 of the lower cabin 502 and the third hole 5011 of the upper cabin 501 is released, and the fixed connection between the slot hole 1062 at the bottom of the breeding warehouse 50 and the partition frame 106 is released.
  • the electric hoist 409 of the lifting assembly 40 is used to drive the pulling plate 411 at the end of the first steel cable 410 to hook the steel cable hook 5048 of the breeding warehouse 50 and continue to descend, sequentially
  • the outer boss on the upper part of each upper cabin 501 falls into the notch 1061 of the bulkhead 106 of the hull component 10, and then the fourth hole 5016 of the upper cabin 501 is connected to the slot 1062 of the hull component 10 through screws, and the lower cabin 502 is Stretch to the lowest vertical position under its own weight.
  • the water pump to raise the water level of the compartment 102 to the W2 position.
  • the first steel cable 410 is pulled and driven by the electric hoist 409 to hook the first fish catching frame. 60 of the first hook 602, and then continuously lift the first fish driving frame 60 in the vertical direction to drive the farmed fish to the fish outlet 109 of the cabin, open the second sealed door 505, and the farmed fish pass through the sorting machine 1091 and the breeding warehouse
  • the fish inlet 5051 is directionally transferred into the breeding warehouse 50;
  • the defective farmed fish can also be picked out from the sorting port 1092 and moved to other places through the sorting machine 1091.
  • the second sealing door 505 is closed, and there is no longer temporary storage in the compartment 102. Farmed fish.
  • the pulling plate 411 at the end of the first steel cable 410 of the electric hoist 409 is hooked into the hoist of the feed cabin 70.
  • the hook 703 moves the feed cabin 70 along the X, Y and Z axis directions in Figure 1 until it is located vertically above the breeding cabin 50, and opens the valve 705 through the control program for directional feeding.
  • the first step is to lower the water level of the compartment 102 below the W3 position through the water pump, close the fish inlet 5051 of the breeding warehouse, open the fish outlet 5052 of the breeding warehouse, and at the same time open the first sealing door 1081 of the fish inlet 108 of the cabin;
  • the electric hoist 409 drives the pulling plate 411 at the end of the first steel cable 410 to hook the second hook 5062 of the second fish catching frame 506, along the
  • the second fish driving frame 506 is vertically lifted to drive the cultured fish from the breeding warehouse 50, the fish outlet 5052 of the breeding warehouse and the fish inlet 108 of the cabin into the compartment 102; at this time, the water pump continuously pumps water to form a
  • the directional water flow from the warehouse 50 to the compartment 102 is conducive to the rapid movement of the cultured fish; the transfer of the cultured fish in each breeding warehouse 50 to the designated compartment 102 is completed in turn;
  • the longitudinal movement assembly 20 and the lateral movement assembly 30 are adjusted and operated, and several fourth motors 413 are started and operated vertically above a certain breeding warehouse 50 to drive the lifting screw 414 and the lifting screw mother 313 to spirally rotate, and then Under the joint action of the first telescopic rod 303, the second telescopic rod 304 and the third telescopic rod 305, the lifting assembly 40 is pulled and lifted to the vertical highest position as a whole; the first steel hoist pulled by the electric hoist 409 of the lifting assembly 40 is The pulling plate 411 of the cable 410 is connected to the steel cable hook 5048 of the breeding warehouse 50. Under the traction of the electric hoist 409, the lower cabin 502 and the upper cabin 501 are pulled vertically toward each other and compressed to the minimum height;
  • the third step is to close the breeding compartment cover 503 and loosen the fixed connection between the fourth hole 5016 of the upper compartment 501 and the slot 1062 of the hull assembly 10; under the traction of the electric hoist 409, the pulling plate 411 continues to pull the steel cable upward.
  • the breeding warehouse 50 is fixedly connected to the partition frame 106 through steel cables or bolts; finally, the pulling plate 411 is detached from the steel cable hook 5048, and the completed breeding warehouse 50 is released. Place it on the top deck of the hull assembly 10; according to the above content, complete the placement operations of all breeding warehouses 50 in sequence;
  • the bolt penetrates the first hole 5022 of the lower cabin 502 and the third hole 5011 of the upper cabin 501 to lock the two; simultaneously start several fourth motors 413 to drive the lifting screw 414 and the lifting nut. 313's spiral rotation, under the joint action of the first telescopic rod 303, the second telescopic rod 304 and the third telescopic rod 305, the lifting assembly 40 is lowered to the vertical lowest position, and all compartment covers 107 are closed. The ship was able to sail back to shore safely and with minimal resistance.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

本发明所述的深远海双体工船养殖方法，应用具有浸没式垂直升降的养殖仓与顶部移动式投喂系统的新型双体工船，利用双体船仓与养殖仓之间的转移系统与水位差控制方法，以期提高现有深远海养殖运输与转场灵活性、有效降低工船养殖成本，实现网箱具有移动与脱离水面能力的设计目的。深远海双体工船养殖方法利用船体外部自然水体环境，从鱼苗到成鱼的全生命周期，在养殖仓中进行敞开式鱼类养殖；在双体工船行驶过程中，养殖鱼被置于船体组件内部暂养；使用船体组件顶部的移动升降机构吊取饲料舱，沿H型框架行进过程中向位于下方的养殖仓进行投喂；使用移动升降机构吊取养殖仓，在双体工船行驶过程中，养殖仓被放置于船体组件的顶部甲板。

Description

深远海双体工船养殖方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种在深远海区域实施水生物养殖的方法，属于水产养殖及船舶海洋工程领域。
 背景技术
伴随目前大型深远海养殖设施技术的不断发展，特别是养殖工船越来越多地应用于深远海养殖产业，突出地体现出优化船型设计、增加工船养殖水体量、提高自动化程度及养殖效率、以及降低养殖成本等多个产业发展方向。
目前现有的大型养殖工船的船体结构普遍地延续传统散货船船型设计，并采用封闭舱养模式，这种封闭养殖模式存在着单位养殖水体造价与养殖成本均较高的问题。如实现降低造价和养殖成本，通行的方法是利用网箱进行养殖，但同时网箱养殖具有移动困难、机动性差的缺陷。
又如下述在先公开的国内专利申请，公开号CN112021240A，名称为一种双体可移动养殖工船，包括船体侧面相对设置用于提供主要浮力的第一船体和第二船体，以及设在第一船体和第二船体之间与两个船体连接的数个升降式网箱，在两个船体内开展小规格鱼的封闭式循环水工厂化养殖，在升降式网箱内接力进行大规格成鱼的野生化养殖。该申请将封闭式养殖和开敞式养殖方式进行整合，以实现从小鱼苗到成鱼的海上野生化养殖。即将海上养殖从小规格鱼苗开始，以减轻陆地或近岸网箱养殖对环境带来的压力，同时降低了较大规格鱼类海上运输的成本。相较于全封闭式养殖，该申请在后阶段的养殖过程中采用低密度开敞式野生养殖。
如上述现有技术采取两阶段养殖船体与养殖工艺，将小规格鱼苗放置在封闭式的第一船体和第二船体中进行养殖，而将较大规格鱼类置于两个船体之间的升降式网箱中养殖，其主要具有以下应用缺点与局限：一是，在养殖鱼类分选与成鱼起捕阶段，存在难以操作、在船体与网箱之间定向转移鱼类困难的问题，若使用传统的吸鱼泵装置则对于较大规格鱼体的损伤较大，从而降低鱼体外观与成品质量；二是，采用何种投喂系统一直是深远海养殖的关键技术难点，但上述现有技术并未给出明确、完善的解决方案；三是，网箱采取固定式连接方式，在双体船行驶过程中而形成较大的水阻，相应地提高船体转运的能耗；另外，如遇较为恶劣的天气与海况等环境条件，较易引起网箱中养殖的鱼类发生死亡或病害。
有鉴于此，特提出本专利申请。
 发明内容
本发明所述的深远海双体工船养殖方法，在于解决上述现有技术存在的问题而提出一种具有浸没式垂直升降的养殖仓与顶部移动式投喂系统的新型双体工船，利用双体船仓与养殖仓之间的转移系统与水位差控制方法，以期提高现有深远海养殖运输与转场灵活性、有效降低工船养殖成本，实现网箱具有移动与脱离水面能力的设计目的。
为实现上述设计目的，所述的深远海双体工船养殖方法，是利用船体外部自然水体环境，从鱼苗到成鱼的全生命周期，在养殖仓中进行敞开式鱼类养殖；在双体工船行驶过程中，养殖鱼被置于舱体组件内部暂养；基于两侧船体组件与养殖仓之间的转移通道和水位差控制，鱼类被定向地转移或卸载；使用船体组件顶部的移动升降机构吊取饲料舱，沿H型框架行进过程中向位于下方的养殖仓进行投喂；使用移动升降机构吊取养殖仓，养殖仓沿垂向收缩后被提升至脱离水面；在双体工船行驶过程中，养殖仓被放置于船体组件的顶部甲板。
进一步地，养殖鱼从养殖仓转移至船体组件的过程中，先使用水泵将隔舱内的水位降至设定的低水位并不断向外抽水，向上拉起第二赶鱼框，养殖鱼通过养殖仓出鱼口、船舱进鱼口进入隔舱中；养殖鱼从船体组件转移至养殖仓的过程中，先使用水泵将隔舱内的水位升至设定的高水位并不断向内抽水，向上拉起第一赶鱼框，养殖鱼通过养殖仓进鱼口、船舱出鱼口及分选机进入养殖仓中。
进一步地，在上述投喂过程中，位于两侧船体组件顶部甲板上的移动升降机构，沿H型框架行进过程中吊取饲料舱，控制阀门打开以将饲料舱中存放的饲料投入下方的养殖仓中。
进一步地，在吊取养殖仓过程中，基于上舱与下舱之间的间隙配合，上舱与下舱相向回收而缩小内仓体积，直至上舱的底面与下舱的内底面接触；当下舱的第一孔与上舱的第三孔同心时，通过在两者之间穿入螺栓而将养殖仓整体加以锁固。
进一步地，在养殖鱼类定向转移或卸载过程中，使用分选机连接船舱出鱼口与养殖仓进鱼口，通过数个分选口将分选的养殖鱼转移至不同的养殖仓中、或者直接将成品鱼从双体工船上卸下。
进一步地，将养殖仓垂向压缩收起后从船体组件卸下，使用维修船将养殖仓移载。
进一步地，包括以下阶段：
1）、从岸基向深远海养殖区域的运输阶段
在隔舱中载有鱼苗或者未成品的养殖鱼，将养殖仓的上舱和下舱沿垂向相向回收而缩至最小体积，将下舱和上舱加以锁固，养殖仓存放于船体组件的顶部甲板上，同时将提升组件降低至垂向最低位置；
2）、在深远海养殖阶段
到达养殖区域后，解除下舱与上舱的锁固，通过调整运行纵移组件和横移组件，使用提升组件依次地将上舱落于船体组件的隔框，将上舱与船体组件固定连接，下舱被自重拉伸至垂向最低位置；通过水泵将隔舱的水位提高至高水平，通过调整纵移组件、横移组件和提升组件沿垂向提升第一赶鱼框以将养殖鱼驱赶至船舱出鱼口，养殖鱼通过分选机及养殖仓进鱼口定向地转移进入养殖仓，隔舱中不再暂存养殖鱼；在日常养殖+过程中，通过调整运行纵移组件、横移组件和提升组件移动饲料舱直至位于养殖仓的垂向上方，通过控制程序打开阀门以进行定向投喂；
3）、从深远海养殖区域返回岸基的运输阶段
第一步，通过水泵将隔舱的水位降至设定的低水位，关闭养殖仓进鱼口、打开养殖仓出鱼口，同时打开船舱进鱼口；通过调整运行纵移组件、横移组件和提升组件，沿垂向提升第二赶鱼框以将养殖鱼从养殖仓中、由养殖仓出鱼口和船舱进鱼口驱赶入隔舱中；
第二步，调整运行纵移组件、横移组件，在某一养殖仓的垂向上方将提升组件整体地牵引提升至垂向最高位置，拉动下舱与上舱沿垂向相向回收压缩至最小高度；
第三步，关闭养殖仓，松开上舱与船体组件之间的固定连接，解除上舱的水平限位，上舱及下舱继续沿垂向上移、养殖仓被完全地吊离水面；将养殖仓与隔框进行固定连接，将养殖仓安置于船体组件的顶部甲板上；
第四步，将下舱与上舱进行锁固，同时将提升组件降至垂向最低位置处，关闭所有隔舱，双体工船行驶回岸基。
综上，所述的深远海双体工船养殖方法具有以下优点：
本申请实现了多种类鱼类在船体外部浸没式的深远海养殖系统和方法，充分利用深远海水体环境而提出的改进型敞开式养殖方式，真正实现了从鱼苗到成鱼的海上野生环境的全程养殖工艺。
相较于现有技术仅在养殖后程、对于较大规格鱼类实现开敞式网箱养殖，本申请采用全养殖周期的低密度开敞式野生养殖，能够显著地提高水生生物的养殖品质，实现更高的经济价值。
基于双体船舱与养殖仓之间的转移系统和水位差控制，实现了更为精细化的进出控制与规格分选操作，既有利于保护较大规格鱼类等的保护、提高成活率，同时有利于提高养殖产品的品质。
基于船载龙门吊实现投喂操控，能够实现多种水生生物的混养、提高养殖工艺的精细化与产量。
基于船载龙门吊实现浸没式养殖仓的移动与升降控制，通过养殖仓仓体的伸缩、升至船体甲板和/或船体前部，以将养殖仓脱离水面而便于双体工船转运与维修，有利于降低双体工船行驶中遇到的水阻、形成对养殖仓的保护、便于养殖仓的维护保养。
本申请提出的设计方案，显著地提高深远海养殖在投喂、起捕、分选、清理等阶段的智能化、自动化水平。
 附图说明
现结合以下附图来进一步地说明本申请方案；
图1是本申请所述深远海养殖双体工船的结构示意图；
图2是图1中A部放大示意图；
图3是图1中B部放大示意图；
图4是图1所示船体结构的前视示意图；
图5是图4中C部放大示意图；
图6是图4中D部放大示意图；
图7是图1所示船体结构的侧视示意图；
图8是所述饲料舱的结构示意图；
图9是图1所示船体的部分结构等轴测视图；
图10是图9中E部放大示意图；
图11是图9中F部放大示意图；
图12是所述养殖仓被移动至船体前部的示意图；
图13是图12中G部放大示意图；
图14是图12中G部俯视示意图；
图15是图13中H部放大示意图；
图16是所述养殖仓的结构示意图；
图17是图16中I部放大示意图；
图18是图16中J部放大示意图；
图19是所述提升组件的结构示意图；
图20是图19中K部放大示意图；
图21是所述第一赶鱼框的结构示意图。
在上述附图中，W1指向的是水平面，W2指向的是船舱内的设定的高水位，W3指向的是船舱内的设定的低水位。
 本发明的实施方式
实施例1，本申请所述的深远海双体工船养殖方法，实现了各种鱼类在船体外部、浸没式养殖，利用深远海自然野生水体环境实施从鱼苗到起捕的全程养殖。
同时，能够根据养殖计划调整船体与养殖仓之间的转移，船体与岸基运输设施之间的转运与装卸操作更为便利，全部实现动态化与精细化的养殖管理。
本申请提出的下述技术方案能够广泛地适用于包括底栖性鱼类在内的多种类鱼类的浸没式立体养殖。
工船船舱与外部环境之间可通过生物过滤技术进行水循环，例如工船船舱从舷外吸水并注入，在内部循环装置的控制下形成定向循环水流，最终通过排水管路排至舷外以实现舱内外海水的循环净化。
如图1至图21所示，一种新型深远海养殖双体工船，包括有分列两侧的船体组件10、位于船体组件10之间的养殖仓50、以及用于连通并从船体组件10向养殖仓50定向转移养殖鱼的分选机1091。
船体组件10内设有若干个封闭的、相互隔离的隔舱102，以用于在包括鱼苗运输至养殖区域、成鱼运输至岸边销售、根据需求进行不同海域转场过程中的暂养与运输。
每个隔舱102的顶部设置有隔舱口103，隔舱盖107封闭隔舱口103；
在每一侧船体组件10的顶部均设置有一纵向导轨105，纵向导轨105通过框架104与船体组件固定连接，沿纵向导轨105侧部辅设有第一齿条107；
在两侧船体组件10的顶部之间设置有隔框106，隔框106具有均匀分布的若干个向上开口的槽口1061，在隔框106上设置有多个槽孔1062。
船体组件10朝向养殖仓50的一侧设置有沿垂向排列的两排开口，位置较高的一排开口位于船体吃水线以上，即形成船舱出鱼口109；位置较低的一排开口位于船体吃水线以下，即形成船舱进鱼口108；船舱出鱼口109和船舱进鱼口108均贯通于隔框106。
船舱出鱼口109和船舱进鱼口108平时是封闭的，转移鱼时打开使用。比如，在隔框106上设置有第一密封槽1082，第一密封门1081在平时插入第一密封槽1082中以封闭船舱进鱼口108，船舱进鱼口108位于W3以上、但低于W1；相应地，在高于W1的W2位置处设置船舱出鱼口109。
在船体组件10的隔舱102和养殖仓50的底部均设置有集鱼装置，以将养殖鱼赶至各自的出鱼口。所述的集鱼装置包括第一赶鱼框60和第二赶鱼框506。
在船体组件10顶部甲板上设置有数个饲料舱70，饲料舱70中存放养殖所需的饲料。所述的饲料舱70由支架701、仓体702、吊钩703、出料口704和阀门705连接组成，出料口704设置在仓体702底部并通过阀门705进行开合控制。
在两侧船体组件10的顶部之间设置有移动升降机构，如龙门吊，移动升降机构包括提升组件40、以及沿两侧船体分布并由纵移组件20和横移组件30，纵移组件20具有H型框架底部结构，两条横向导轨202固连其上。
移动升降机构用以吊取放置在两侧船体上的饲料舱70，在沿H型框架行进过程中，饲料舱阀门打开以沿龙门吊行进轨迹、向下方养殖仓50进行投喂操作。
其中，在纵移组件20上安装有第一电机205通过第一电机安装板204固定连接于纵移组件20、位于底部的第一导向槽201、以及固定连接在侧部的第二齿条207；第一齿轮206驱动连接于第一电机205的输出轴，第一齿轮206与第一齿条107啮合，第一导向槽201与纵向导轨105滑动连接；在第一电机205的驱动下，纵移组件20可沿X轴方向往复移动。
在横移组件30上安装有第二电机311、数组竖向设置的第一导向套302和位于底部的第二导向槽301；第一导向套302沿垂向向上连接于提升组件40，第二导向槽301与纵移组件20的横向导轨202滑动连接，第二电机311通过第二电机安装板310固定连接于横移组件30的下部，第二齿轮312驱动连接于第二电机311的输出轴，第二齿轮312与第二齿条207啮合连接；在第二电机311的驱动下，横移组件30可沿Y轴方向往复移动。
提升组件40包括一提升框401，在提升框401底部设置有多组导向柱412，在提升框401内部固定连接有两组导杆402。左滑杆403、右滑杆404的两端分别固定连接有滑套408，滑套408与导杆402滑动连接，在左滑杆403上设置有左旋螺纹415，在右滑杆404上设置有右旋螺纹416；
第三电机406通过U型板405安装连接于提升框401侧部，双向丝杠407与第三电机406的输出轴固定连接，双向丝杠407分别贯穿螺接于左滑杆403、右滑杆404，即双向丝杠407的两侧端对称地设置有右旋螺纹和左旋螺纹。在第三电机406的驱动下，左滑杆403与右滑杆404沿Y轴方向、在提升框401内部相向或相背离地滑动以改变两者之间的间距。
每个滑套408安装连接一电葫芦409，电葫芦409通过第一钢索410向下连接拉板411。
数个第四电机413安装连接于提升框401，第四电机413的输出轴固定连接提升丝杠414，提升丝杠414与横移组件30的提升丝母313螺纹连接。
沿第一导向套302轴向中心线，依次地嵌套滑动连接有第一伸缩杆303、第二伸缩杆304和第三伸缩杆305，第三伸缩杆305顶部与导向柱412连接，在第四电机413的驱动下，第一伸缩杆303、第二伸缩杆304与第三伸缩杆305依次地同步伸缩，从而可调节提升组件40的垂向高度。
养殖仓50位于两侧船体组件10之间并采取悬挂连接方式，以用于日常养殖。即当双体工船行至深远海养殖区域后，船体内部的鱼苗或暂养的未成品鱼转移至养殖仓50中，以在船体外部自然野生环境中浸没式的养殖鱼类；养成后的成品鱼，则由养殖仓50转移至船体组件10的隔舱102内部，经双体工船返回至岸边卸载、销售。
养殖仓50朝向两侧船体的侧部均设置有养殖仓进鱼口、养殖仓出鱼口，以形成与船体进、出鱼口的连接通道。养殖仓进、出鱼口与船体的吃水线持平，平时封闭、转移鱼时打开使用。
本申请所述的深远海养殖属于浸没式养殖，为增加养殖水体的体积，养殖仓需具有较大的平面容量如400平方米。双体工船行驶过程中为减小水阻，需将养殖仓50从水中脱离出来并置于船体顶部。为防止养殖仓升至水面以上时发生明显的晃动，其具有以下垂向可伸缩的结构，以实现在非养殖期间进行体积缩小、便于存放与固定。
所述的养殖仓50由上舱501与下舱502套接组成，在上舱501顶部连接有养殖仓盖503和数个动滑轮组件504，在下舱502底部设置有第二赶鱼框506。
其中，上舱501设置连通有养殖仓进鱼口5051和养殖仓出鱼口5052，在养殖仓进鱼口5051和养殖仓出鱼口5052处设置有第二密封槽5053，第二密封门505通过第二密封槽5053封闭所述的养殖仓进鱼口5051和养殖仓出鱼口5052。
隔舱102与养殖仓50之间的养殖鱼类转移，主要是依靠两者之间水位差来实现的。
具体地，当养殖鱼由船体转移至养殖仓时，船舱出鱼口109与养殖仓进鱼口5051连通，利用水泵等设备将船外的海水注入至船体内，使舱内水位高于外海水，隔舱102底部的第一赶鱼框60上升，以将养殖鱼集中在船体上部，养殖鱼转移至养殖仓50；
当养殖鱼由养殖仓转移至船体时，船舱进鱼口108与养殖仓出鱼口5052连通，水泵将船体内的海水抽出排走，使舱内水位低于外海水，养殖仓50底部的第二赶鱼框506上升，将养殖鱼集中在养殖仓50上部，养殖鱼转移至隔舱102。
养殖仓盖503的一端通过销5031与上舱501的销孔5012铰接，养殖仓盖503的另一端通过与之固定连接的限位块5032上的锁紧孔5033与上舱501对应的螺丝孔固定连接，从而在维修或检查时养殖仓盖503可以打开。
所述的动滑轮组件504由第二钢索5041、固定板5042、钢索架5043、滑轮5044、滑轮轴5045、钢索架孔5046和钢索头5047组成，在钢索架5043上设置有钢索钩5048。第二钢索5041缠绕于滑轮5044，其一端固定连接于固定板5042，其另一端固定连接于钢索头5047。固定连接于滑轮5044的滑轮轴5045套设在钢索架5043的钢索架孔5046之间，滑轮5044与滑轮轴5045为转动连接。钢索头5047穿过上舱501的第一孔5014，并与上舱501固定连接；同时，第二钢索5041贯穿第二孔5013并与之保留间隙，第二钢索5041通过固定板5042与固定连接于下舱502的轴销5021固定连接。
上舱501的外侧壁与下舱502的内侧壁采取间隙配合，且上舱501的垂向高度大于下舱502的。上舱501的底部是开放的，下舱502的底部是封闭框架。在伸开最大位置时，固定连接于上舱501的外凸台5015的上端面接触并固定连接于下舱502的内凸台5023下端面，从而限制了下舱502继续伸展。当垂向缩短至最小高度时，上舱501的底面与下舱502的内底面5024接触，因此不能继续缩短，此时下舱502的第一孔5022与上舱501的第三孔5011同心，通过在两者之间穿入螺栓而将两者进行锁固。
进一步地，将上舱501的第四孔5016与船体组件10的槽孔1062通过螺栓加以固定连接时，上舱501被相对地固定悬挂连接。向上拉动钢索钩5048，下舱502向上移动。基于动滑轮的驱传原理，钢索钩5048移动的距离是下舱502移动距离的一半，这样就减少了提升组件40的电葫芦409驱动第一钢索410所移动的距离，进而可以降低提升组件40的整体高度。
所述的第二赶鱼框506设置在下舱502的内底面5024之上，数个第二吊钩5062均通过第二杆5061连接于第二赶鱼框506，第二吊钩5062伸出并位于上舱501顶部的上方。
与之相对应的是，设置在每一隔舱102底部的第一赶鱼框60，通过第一杆601敞沿垂向向上连接第一吊钩602，第一吊钩602伸出并位于船体组件10的顶部甲板上。
为提高在养殖仓50中养殖鱼类的环境质量，尽量地接近真实的野外自然水域环境，所述的养殖仓整体为开放式结构。即在上舱501的内侧、下舱502的外侧、养殖仓盖503的外侧、以及第二赶鱼框506的上表面均覆盖有渔网。
所述的分选机1091，其一端连接船舱出鱼口109，其另一端连接养殖仓进鱼口5051；分选机1091具有数个分选口1092，分选的养殖鱼可转移至不同的养殖仓50中、或将直接将成品鱼从工船上卸下。
基于上述深远海养殖双体工船的结构设计，本申请实现了下述能够用于多品种鱼类的、船体外部浸没式深远海养殖方法：
利用船体外部自然水体环境，从鱼苗到成鱼的全生命周期，在养殖仓50中进行敞开式鱼类养殖；
在双体工船行驶过程中（包括但不限于在养殖海域与岸基之间的运输过程、以及躲避恶劣天气与海况时的暂时返港），养殖鱼被置于舱体组件10内部暂养；
基于两侧船体组件10与养殖仓50之间的转移通道和水位差控制，鱼类被定向地转移或卸载；
使用船体组件10顶部的移动升降机构吊取饲料舱70，沿H型框架行进过程中向位于下方的养殖仓50进行投喂；
使用移动升降机构吊取养殖仓50，养殖仓50沿垂向收缩后被提升至脱离水面；以及，在双体工船行驶过程中，养殖仓50被放置于船体组件10的顶部甲板。
进一步地，养殖鱼从养殖仓50转移至船体组件10的过程中，先使用水泵将隔舱102内的水位降至W3位置并不断向外抽水，再打开第二密封门505及第一密封门1081，通过电葫芦409驱动牵引第一钢索410端部连接的拉板411以钩住第二赶鱼框506的第二吊钩5062向上拉起第二赶鱼框506，养殖鱼将会沿图5中P1箭头方向、通过养殖仓出鱼口5052、船舱进鱼口108进入隔舱102中。
养殖鱼从船体组件10转移至养殖仓50的过程中，先使用水泵将隔舱102内的水位升至W2位置并不断向内抽水，再打开第二密封门505，通过电葫芦409驱动牵引第一钢索410端部连接的拉板411以钩住第一赶鱼框60的第一吊钩602向上拉起第一赶鱼框60，养殖鱼将会沿图6中P2箭头方向、通过养殖仓进鱼口5051、船舱出鱼口109及分选机1091及进入养殖仓50中。
在上述投喂过程中，位于两侧船体组件10顶部甲板上的移动升降机构，沿纵移组件20和横移组件30组成的H型框架行进过程中吊取饲料舱70，控制阀门705打开以将饲料舱70中存放的饲料投入下方的养殖仓50中。
在上述养殖仓50吊取过程中，基于上舱501的外侧壁与下舱502的内侧壁之间的间隙配合，上舱501与下舱502相向回收而缩小内仓体积，直至上舱501的底面与下舱502的内底面5024接触；此时，下舱502的第一孔5022与上舱501的第三孔5011同心，可通过在两者之间穿入螺栓而将养殖仓50整体加以锁固。
在上述鱼类定向转移或卸载过程中，使用分选机1091连接船舱出鱼口109与养殖仓进鱼口5051，通过数个分选口1092以将分选的养殖鱼转移至不同的养殖仓50中、或者将直接将成品鱼从工船上卸下。
如图12至图15所示，本申请提供了一种具体的养殖仓50从船体组件10卸下的操作过程：
将养殖仓50垂向压缩收起后，使用维修船80将养殖仓50从工船下卸下并移动至其它地方，如运回岸基进行维修保养、或是转移至附近的其他工船上重复使用等用途。
具体地，在提升组件40的电葫芦409驱动下，第一钢索410牵引其端部的拉板411钩住动滑轮组件504的钢索钩5048，以使上舱501和下舱502沿垂向相向回收而缩至最小体积；然后，数个第四电机413同时驱动提升丝杠414与横移组件30的提升丝母313相对旋转以将提升组件40整体地提拉上升至完全脱离水面；最后，第一电机205和第二电机311同时启动，养殖仓50被横向地移动至维修船80的垂向上方，同时驱动数个第四电机413以将提升组件40整体地牵引下降，直至养殖仓50降落至维修船80的甲板上，将拉板411与钢索钩5048脱离；根据检修或转移使用的目的地，通过维修船80将养殖仓50转移至他处。
使用上述双体工船进行深远海养殖的过程包括以下阶段：
1）、从岸基向深远海养殖区域的运输阶段
在隔舱102中载有鱼苗或者未成品的养殖鱼，为便于养殖仓50的运输、同时减小养殖仓以工船行进造成的不利影响，如风阻、水阻等，将养殖仓50的上舱501和下舱502沿垂向相向回收而缩至最小体积。如使用螺栓穿入所述养殖仓50的下舱502的第一孔5022、以及上舱501的第三孔5011中以将两者加以锁固，此时可将养殖仓50通过其底部的槽孔1062与隔框106进行固定连接，以将养殖仓50存放于船体组件10的顶部甲板上。
同时，将提升组件40降低至垂向最低位置，关闭所有隔舱盖107。
2）、在深远海养殖阶段
到达目的地后，解除下舱502的第一孔5022与上舱501的第三孔5011之间的螺栓连接，解除养殖仓50底部的槽孔1062与隔框106之间的固定连接。
通过调整运行纵移组件20和横移组件30，使用提升组件40的电葫芦409驱动第一钢索410端部的拉板411以钩住养殖仓50的钢索钩5048持续下降，依次地将各个上舱501上部的外凸台落于船体组件10的隔框106的槽口1061中，然后将上舱501第四孔5016与船体组件10的槽孔1062通过螺丝固定连接，下舱502被自重拉伸至垂向最低位置。
通过水泵将隔舱102的水位提高至W2位置处，通过调整纵移组件20、横移组件30、和提升组件40，由电葫芦409牵引驱动第一钢索410以钩住第一赶鱼框60的第一吊钩602，进而持续地沿垂向提升第一赶鱼框60以将养殖鱼驱赶至船舱出鱼口109，打开第二密封门505，养殖鱼通过分选机1091及养殖仓进鱼口5051定向地转移进入养殖仓50；
同时，也可通过分选机1091将不良品养殖鱼由分选口1092挑出移至其它地方，执行上述养殖鱼转移操作完毕后，关闭第二密封门505，隔舱102中不再暂存养殖鱼。
在养殖仓50的日常养殖过程中，通过调整运行纵移组件20、横移组件30和提升组件40，驱动电葫芦409的第一钢索410端部的拉板411钩住饲料舱70的吊钩703，沿图1中的X、Y、Z轴方向移动饲料舱70直至位于养殖仓50的垂向上方，通过控制程序打开阀门705以进行定向投喂。
3）、从深远海养殖区域返回岸基的运输阶段
第一步，通过水泵将隔舱102的水位降至W3位置以下，关闭养殖仓进鱼口5051、打开养殖仓出鱼口5052，同时打开船舱进鱼口108的第一密封门1081；
通过调整运行纵移组件20、横移组件30和提升组件40，由电葫芦409驱动第一钢索410端部的拉板411以钩住第二赶鱼框506的第二吊钩5062，沿垂向提升第二赶鱼框506以将养殖鱼从养殖仓50中、由养殖仓出鱼口5052和船舱进鱼口108驱赶入隔舱102中；此时，水泵不断地抽水以形成从养殖仓50流向隔舱102的定向水流，有利于养殖鱼地快速移动；依次地完成每个养殖仓50中的养殖鱼转移至指定的隔舱102中；
第二步，调整运行纵移组件20、横移组件30，在某一养殖仓50的垂向上方，启动运行数个第四电机413以驱动提升丝杠414与提升丝母313螺旋转动，进而在第一伸缩杆303、第二伸缩杆304与第三伸缩杆305的共同作用下，将提升组件40整体地牵引提升至垂向最高位置；将提升组件40的电葫芦409牵引的第一钢索410的拉板411与养殖仓50的钢索钩5048连接，在电葫芦409的牵引下，拉动下舱502与上舱501沿垂向相向回收压缩至最小高度；
第三步，关闭养殖仓盖503，松开上舱501的第四孔5016与船体组件10的槽孔1062之间的固定连接；在电葫芦409牵引下，拉板411继续向处拉动钢索钩5048，上舱501的水平限位被解除，上舱501及下舱502继续沿垂向上移、养殖仓50被完全地吊离水面；当下舱502的底面高于隔框106的槽孔1062时，穿入螺栓或者其它阻挡物，随后电葫芦409牵引的拉板411带动钢索钩5048下移，即上舱501和下舱502整体沿垂向下移，直至下舱502落于上述螺栓或者其它阻挡物之上，此时通过钢索或者螺栓将养殖仓50与隔框106进行固定连接；最后，将拉板411与钢索钩5048脱离，释放安置完毕的养殖仓50，养殖仓50安置于船体组件10的顶部甲板上；按上述内容，依次地完成全部养殖仓50的安置操作；
第四步，螺栓穿入下舱502的第一孔5022与上舱501的第三孔5011以将两者进行锁固；同时启动数个第四电机413以驱动提升丝杠414与提升丝母313的螺旋转动，在第一伸缩杆303、第二伸缩杆304与第三伸缩杆305的共同作用下，将提升组件40降至垂向最低位置处，关闭所有隔舱盖107，双体工船得以安全、最小阻力地行驶回岸基。
综上内容，结合附图中给出的实施例仅是实现本发明目的的优选方案。对于所属领域技术人员来说可以据此得到启示，而直接推导出符合本发明设计构思的其他替代结构。由此得到的其他结构特征，也应属于本发明所述的方案范围。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种深远海双体工船养殖方法，其特征在于：利用船体外部自然水体环境，从鱼苗到成鱼的全生命周期，在养殖仓中进行敞开式养殖鱼养殖；
    在双体工船行驶过程中，养殖鱼被置于船体组件内部暂养；
    基于两侧船体组件与养殖仓之间的转移通道和水位差控制，鱼类被定向地转移或卸载；
    使用船体组件顶部的移动升降机构吊取饲料舱，在两侧船体组件的顶部之间设置有移动升降机构，移动升降机构包括提升组件、以及沿两侧船体分布的纵移组件和横移组件，纵移组件具有H型框架底部结构；使用移动升降机构吊取饲料舱，饲料舱沿纵移组件的H型框架行进过程中向位于下方的养殖仓进行投喂；
    使用移动升降机构吊取养殖仓，养殖仓沿垂向收缩后被提升至脱离水面；
    在双体工船行驶过程中，养殖仓被放置于船体组件的顶部甲板；
    在船体组件内设有若干个封闭的、相互隔离的隔舱，在隔舱和养殖仓的底部均设置有集鱼装置，以将养殖鱼赶至各自的出鱼口；所述的集鱼装置包括第一赶鱼框和第二赶鱼框；
    养殖鱼从养殖仓转移至船体组件的过程中，先使用水泵将隔舱内的水位降至设定的低水位并不断向外抽水，向上拉起第二赶鱼框，养殖鱼通过养殖仓出鱼口、船舱进鱼口进入隔舱中；
    养殖鱼从船体组件转移至养殖仓的过程中，先使用水泵将隔舱内的水位升至设定的高水位并不断向内抽水，向上拉起第一赶鱼框，养殖鱼通过养殖仓进鱼口、船舱出鱼口及分选机进入养殖仓中。
    2、根据权利要求1所述的深远海双体工船养殖方法，其特征在于：在上述投喂过程中，位于两侧船体组件顶部甲板上的移动升降机构，沿H型框架行进过程中吊取饲料舱，控制阀门打开以将饲料舱中存放的饲料投入下方的养殖仓中。
    3、根据权利要求1所述的深远海双体工船养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的养殖仓由上舱与下舱套接组成，在上舱顶部连接有养殖仓盖和数个动滑轮组件，在下舱底部设置有第二赶鱼框；
    上舱的外侧壁与下舱的内侧壁采取间隙配合，在下舱的侧壁上设置有第一孔，在上舱的侧壁上设置有第三孔；
    在吊取养殖仓过程中，基于上舱与下舱之间的间隙配合，上舱与下舱相向回收而缩小内仓体积，直至上舱的底面与下舱的内底面接触；当下舱的第一孔与上舱的第三孔同心时，通过在两者之间穿入螺栓而将养殖仓整体加以锁固。
    4、根据权利要求1所述的深远海双体工船养殖方法，其特征在于：在养殖鱼定向转移或卸载过程中，使用分选机连接船舱出鱼口与养殖仓进鱼口，通过数个分选口将分选的养殖鱼转移至不同的养殖仓中、或者直接将成品鱼从双体工船上卸下。
    5、根据权利要求1所述的深远海双体工船养殖方法，其特征在于：将养殖仓垂向压缩收起后从船体组件卸下，使用维修船将养殖仓移载。
    6、根据权利要求1所述的深远海双体工船养殖方法，其特征在于：包括以下阶段，
    1）、从岸基向深远海养殖区域的运输阶段
    在隔舱中载有鱼苗或者未成品的养殖鱼，将养殖仓的上舱和下舱沿垂向相向回收而缩至最小体积，将下舱和上舱加以锁固，养殖仓存放于船体组件的顶部甲板上，同时将提升组件降低至垂向最低位置；
    2）、在深远海养殖阶段
    在两侧船体组件的顶部之间设置有隔框，隔框具有均匀分布的若干个向上开口的槽口；
    到达养殖区域后，解除下舱与上舱的锁固，通过调整运行纵移组件和横移组件，使用提升组件依次地将上舱落于船体组件的隔框，将上舱与船体组件固定连接，下舱被自重拉伸至垂向最低位置；
    通过水泵将隔舱的水位提高至设定的高水位，通过调整纵移组件、横移组件和提升组件沿垂向提升第一赶鱼框以将养殖鱼驱赶至船舱出鱼口，养殖鱼通过分选机及养殖仓进鱼口定向地转移进入养殖仓，隔舱中不再暂存养殖鱼；
    在日常养殖过程中，通过调整运行纵移组件、横移组件和提升组件移动饲料舱直至位于养殖仓的垂向上方，通过控制程序打开阀门以进行定向投喂；
    3）、从深远海养殖区域返回岸基的运输阶段
    第一步，通过水泵将隔舱的水位降至设定的低水位，关闭养殖仓进鱼口、打开养殖仓出鱼口，同时打开船舱进鱼口；
    通过调整运行纵移组件、横移组件和提升组件，沿垂向提升第二赶鱼框以将养殖鱼从养殖仓中、由养殖仓出鱼口和船舱进鱼口驱赶入隔舱中；
    第二步，调整运行纵移组件、横移组件，在某一养殖仓的垂向上方将提升组件整体地牵引提升至垂向最高位置，拉动下舱与上舱沿垂向相向回收压缩至最小高度；
    第三步，关闭养殖仓，松开上舱与船体组件之间的固定连接，解除上舱的水平限位，上舱及下舱继续沿垂向上移、养殖仓被完全地吊离水面；将养殖仓与隔框进行固定连接，将养殖仓安置于船体组件的顶部甲板上；
    第四步，将下舱与上舱进行锁固，同时将提升组件降至垂向最低位置处，关闭所有隔舱，双体工船行驶回岸基。
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