WO2023220949A1 - 换电方法、系统、装置、存储介质和计算机程序产品 - Google Patents

换电方法、系统、装置、存储介质和计算机程序产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023220949A1
WO2023220949A1 PCT/CN2022/093435 CN2022093435W WO2023220949A1 WO 2023220949 A1 WO2023220949 A1 WO 2023220949A1 CN 2022093435 W CN2022093435 W CN 2022093435W WO 2023220949 A1 WO2023220949 A1 WO 2023220949A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
target
battery pack
impedance
parameter
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PCT/CN2022/093435
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王丹凤
宋晋阳
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/093435 priority Critical patent/WO2023220949A1/zh
Priority to EP22941991.6A priority patent/EP4369472A1/en
Priority to CN202280054555.7A priority patent/CN117795735A/zh
Publication of WO2023220949A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023220949A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to a power exchange method, system, device, storage medium and computer program product.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a power replacement method, system, device, storage medium and computer program product to alleviate the risk of branch circuit circulation that is prone to occur when there are at least two battery packs in the electrical equipment, resulting in branch circuit overcurrent. question.
  • this application provides a power exchange method, which may include:
  • the battery pack can include a reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs.
  • the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs is obtained.
  • M target battery packs are selected, M is a positive integer, and the candidate battery packs include the target battery packs.
  • the target battery pack and the reference battery pack are used as the battery packs after battery replacement.
  • the embodiment of the present application obtains the impedance parameters of the battery pack, and then obtains the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs based on the impedance parameters; thereby selecting M target battery packs to combine the target battery pack with the reference battery pack.
  • the battery pack is used as the battery pack after battery replacement.
  • the target battery pack is selected based on the impedance difference, and the impedance difference is calculated through the impedance parameters of the reference battery pack and the alternative battery pack, the final battery pack after battery replacement takes into account the reference battery pack and the alternative battery pack.
  • the degree of impedance difference between packages makes the selected target battery pack more consistent with the reference battery pack, thus alleviating the risk of branch circuit overcurrent that is prone to occur when there are at least two battery packs in the electrical equipment. question.
  • obtaining the impedance parameters of the battery pack may include:
  • the first parameter is the impedance parameter of the reference battery pack at the target temperature and target state of charge
  • the second parameter is the impedance of the candidate battery pack at the target temperature and target state of charge. parameter.
  • the impedance difference calculation is ensured that the impedance difference is calculated outside the battery pack.
  • the consistency of the environment improves the accuracy of impedance difference calculation.
  • the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs based on the impedance parameters may include:
  • the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs is obtained.
  • the operating conditions of the battery pack under various conditions are considered, and the calculated impedance difference more accurately reflects the matching degree of the battery pack.
  • obtaining the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs based on the parameter deviation values between the first parameter and multiple second parameters under different target temperatures and different target states of charge may include :
  • the numerical calculation It is the sum of squares operation, mean operation or maximum value operation.
  • numerical calculations can be used to reflect the internal resistance difference levels of the candidate battery pack and the reference battery pack under different working conditions or the maximum difference, so that the candidate battery pack finally selected based on the impedance difference can also be Maximize the device power of the cells in the battery and mitigate possible risks of circulating current and overcurrent.
  • the target battery pack is M of the N candidate battery packs that have the smallest impedance difference from the reference battery pack, and N is greater than or equal to M.
  • the impedance between the battery packs used in the electrical equipment after battery replacement can be ensured.
  • the difference is small enough, that is, the internal resistance between battery packs is relatively consistent, and the matching degree between battery packs is high. This can reduce the risk of circulating overcurrent that may occur during the operation of electrical equipment and maximize the use of batteries.
  • the design power of the bag is conducive to increasing the power consumption time. When electrical equipment is used in vehicles and other means of transportation, driving safety and user experience are improved.
  • the method may also include:
  • the operating condition data can include the temperature, state of charge, actual current and actual voltage of multiple cells in the battery pack during the target period.
  • the actual voltage and actual current of multiple batteries in the target period are processed respectively to obtain the current-voltage fitting parameters and fitting goodness of multiple batteries in the target period.
  • the fitting goodness represents the performance of the battery in the target period. The degree of linear correlation between the actual current and the actual voltage, and the degree of deviation between the battery cell's fitted voltage and the actual voltage during the target period.
  • the battery cells whose fitting goodness is greater than the preset threshold are selected from multiple battery cells as the target battery cells.
  • the current-voltage fitting parameters and the fitting goodness are obtained through processing and calculation, and finally the current-voltage fitting of the target cell with high fitting goodness is selected.
  • Parameters, temperature and state of charge realize the calculation of various data of the battery pack as a whole, providing a favorable basis for obtaining impedance parameters during subsequent battery replacement.
  • This process of selecting target cells using the goodness of fit makes the final calculated impedance parameters more realistic for evaluating the internal resistance of the battery pack, improving data accuracy.
  • obtain the operating condition data of the battery pack including:
  • the period when the actual current of the cell shows a unidirectional trend change is regarded as the target period.
  • process the actual voltage and actual current of multiple cells in the target period to obtain the current-voltage fitting parameters and fitting goodness of multiple cells in the target period may include:
  • Linear fitting is performed on the actual voltages and actual currents of multiple cells in the target period, respectively, to obtain linear fitting functions of multiple cells in the target period.
  • the slope of the linear fitting function is the current-voltage fitting parameter.
  • the actual currents of multiple cells in the target period are substituted into the linear fitting functions of the multiple cells in the target period for calculation, and the fitting voltages of the multiple cells in different target periods are obtained.
  • the fitting goodness of multiple cells in the target period is calculated.
  • the process of obtaining the fitting goodness and current-voltage fitting parameters is given, which provides a data basis for selecting appropriate target cells and calculating the impedance parameters of the battery pack.
  • calculating the fitting goodness of multiple cells in the target period based on the fitted voltages and actual voltages of the multiple cells in the target period may include:
  • R 2 ⁇ (U n,1 -U mean ) 2 / ⁇ (U n,2 -U mean ) 2
  • U n,1 is the fitted voltage of cell n in the target period
  • U n,2 is the actual voltage of cell n in the target period
  • U mean is the mean value of the fitted voltage and the actual voltage in the target period
  • R 2 is the fitting goodness of cell n in the target period.
  • the degree of linear correlation between the actual current and the actual voltage can be well evaluated, and the fitted voltage and the actual voltage can also be characterized. degree of deviation.
  • the impedance parameters of the battery pack where the target cell is located and the target temperature and target state of charge corresponding to the impedance parameter are calculated.
  • the impedance parameters of the battery pack where the target cell is located and the target temperature and target state of charge corresponding to the impedance parameter are calculated.
  • the first average value is the impedance parameter of the battery pack in which the target cell is located.
  • the data of the entire battery pack in the target period is measured by the average data of multiple target cells in the same target period, so that the overall operation of the battery cells in the battery pack can be evaluated and meet the actual data requirements.
  • multiple alternative battery packs are located in the power swap station, and the reference battery pack is at least one battery pack other than the alternative battery pack in the power swap station, or other than the battery pack to be replaced in the equipment to be replaced. Battery pack.
  • M is the number of battery packs to be replaced.
  • the reference battery pack is at least one battery pack other than the candidate battery pack in the battery swap station
  • the sum of the number of reference battery packs and M is equal to the number of battery packs to be swapped.
  • the power exchange system may include:
  • the first acquisition module can be used to acquire the impedance parameters of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack includes a reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs;
  • the second acquisition module can be used to acquire the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs based on the impedance parameters
  • the selection module can be used to select M target battery packs based on impedance differences, M is a positive integer, and the alternative battery packs include the target battery packs;
  • the setting module can be used to use the target battery pack and the reference battery pack as the battery packs after battery replacement.
  • the present application provides a power exchange device.
  • the power exchange device may include a processor, a memory, and a program or instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the following is implemented: The steps of the power replacement method in the above aspects.
  • the present application also provides a power exchange device configured to perform the steps of the power exchange method of the above aspect.
  • the present application also provides a readable storage medium in which a program or instructions are stored on the readable storage medium.
  • the program or instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the power exchange method in the above aspect are implemented.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a power replacement method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of the power replacement method according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of the power replacement method according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of yet another embodiment of the power exchange method according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of the power exchange method according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of yet another embodiment of the power exchange method according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 shows another embodiment of the power exchange method according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the actual voltage and actual current of multiple batteries in the target period are processed to obtain the current-voltage fitting parameters and the current-voltage fitting parameters of multiple batteries in the target period.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of optional modules of an embodiment of the power swap system according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the power exchange device according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • power batteries can be used as the main power source for electrical equipment (such as vehicles, ships or spacecrafts, etc.), while energy storage batteries can be used as charging sources for electrical equipment.
  • electrical equipment such as vehicles, ships or spacecrafts, etc.
  • energy storage batteries can be used as charging sources for electrical equipment.
  • Metaphor As an example and not a limitation, in some application scenarios, the power battery may be a battery in a power-consuming device, and the energy storage battery may be a battery in a charging device.
  • both power batteries and energy storage batteries may be collectively referred to as batteries.
  • the device may be an electric vehicle, a spacecraft, etc.
  • the branch circuit where the battery pack with small internal resistance is located is prone to backcharging circulation during use, thus causing the risk of overcurrent in the branch circuit.
  • battery packs with small internal resistance discharge quickly, and the actual discharge capacity of the power system where the battery pack is located is lower than the calibrated capacity, which also affects the use time of the equipment.
  • the electric car can have at least two battery packs. Since the at least two battery packs installed in the electric car may have large internal resistance differences, during driving or parking, Among them, it is prone to backcharging circulation, which leads to the risk of overcurrent in a certain branch of the electric vehicle, affecting the safety of the vehicle. In addition, battery packs with small internal resistance discharge quickly, making the use time of electric vehicles shorter than expected, resulting in poor user experience. Therefore, in the field of vehicles or transportation vehicles such as electric vehicles, related technologies have problems such as low driving safety and poor user experience due to recharging circulation.
  • the inventor of this application designed a battery swapping algorithm based on the battery swapping scenario of the device where the battery pack is located.
  • the impedance parameters of the battery pack are obtained through analysis, and the impedance difference is calculated based on the impedance difference.
  • the target battery pack is selected from multiple alternative battery packs, and then used together with the reference battery pack as the battery pack after battery swap to achieve battery swap. Therefore, the battery pack after battery swap for the device is selected based on the impedance deviation.
  • This swap The selected battery pack after battery replacement has a high degree of matching, which can reduce the difference in internal resistance, reduce the risk of overcurrent during recharging, improve the safety of electrical equipment, and indirectly extend the use time of the equipment.
  • the power exchange method, system, device, storage medium and computer program product provided by the embodiment of the present application are described below.
  • the power exchange method provided by the embodiment of the present application is first introduced below.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic flowchart of an optional embodiment of the power replacement method according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the power exchange method may include the following steps:
  • the battery pack may include a reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs.
  • S130 select M target battery packs based on impedance differences.
  • M is a positive integer
  • the candidate battery pack may include the target battery pack.
  • S140 use the target battery pack and the reference battery pack as the battery packs after battery replacement.
  • the power swap method of this application can be applied to the control system in the power swap station, to some battery packs participating in the power swap, or to the BMS (BMS) in some battery packs participating in the power swap process.
  • Battery Management System Battery Management System
  • it can be other control modules with control and computing functions in certain battery packs that participate in the battery swap process, or it can be a battery swap system composed of a battery swap station and battery packs.
  • the above-mentioned battery pack may include a reference battery pack, and alternative battery packs relative to the reference battery pack.
  • the reference battery pack can be a battery pack used as a reference object for matching when subsequently calculating the impedance difference.
  • the reference battery pack can be set according to the upper limit of the battery pack that the electrical equipment can carry, and can be one or more.
  • the alternative battery packs may be provided in a battery swap station or a repair shop.
  • the above-mentioned candidate battery packs constitute a candidate set of target battery packs.
  • the above-mentioned impedance parameter is a parameter that can characterize the relative size of the internal resistance of the battery pack. It can represent the internal resistance of the battery pack, and can be the internal resistance of the battery pack or a multiple of the internal resistance.
  • the battery packs involved in the embodiments of the present application have multiple installation scenarios. They may be installed in battery swap stations for charging, or they may be installed in electrical equipment, such as in electric vehicles. Therefore, for each battery pack You can set the cell parameter table.
  • This battery cell parameter table can record all working condition data of the battery pack in different setting scenarios.
  • the data recorded in the cell parameter tables of the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs can be transmitted and collected through the communication protocol.
  • the final implementation carrier of the battery replacement method can collect and obtain the impedance of the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs. parameter.
  • the impedance difference between a single candidate battery pack and the reference battery pack can be calculated.
  • This impedance difference can characterize the internal resistance difference of the battery pack and reflect the consistency of the battery pack.
  • the impedance difference can be obtained by solving the difference in impedance parameters of the reference battery pack and the alternative battery pack under the same or similar target conditions.
  • the impedance difference between different candidate battery packs and the reference battery pack can be used as the selection criterion to select M target battery packs from the candidate battery packs, and the final target battery pack Together with the reference battery pack, it serves as the battery pack after battery replacement. Since the impedance difference is used as the selection criterion for the target battery pack, and the impedance difference is calculated with the help of impedance parameters based on the reference battery pack that is ultimately one of the battery packs after the battery swap, it characterizes the battery pack.
  • the degree of consistency between the final battery packs can be used to use the impedance difference as the standard for battery replacement based on the power replacement scenario, and the battery packs with small impedance differences can be matched to the electrical equipment for use together, which alleviates the problem of at least two or more battery packs.
  • the internal resistance difference is large, and circulation and overcurrent problems are prone to occur, which improves the safety of electrical equipment. It also indirectly increases the power consumption time of electrical equipment and improves user experience.
  • the above-mentioned reference battery pack may be other battery packs in the power swap station other than the alternative battery pack, or it may be a battery pack in the vehicle other than the battery pack to be used. Battery packs other than replacement batteries. If the reference battery pack is a battery pack other than the battery pack to be replaced in the vehicle, after the vehicle enters the battery swap station, the battery pack in the vehicle can communicate with the battery swap station system, so that the battery swap station can obtain the impedance parameters of the reference battery pack.
  • the battery swap station system can also obtain the impedance parameters of multiple candidate battery packs in all battery packs in the battery swap station, and then calculate the impedance difference using the battery swap method shown in Figure 1 above, thereby selecting the target battery pack to replace the battery packs to be used in the vehicle.
  • the target battery pack is selected based on the impedance difference standard, which reduces the risk of branch circuit currents in the battery packs of electric vehicles after battery swapping and improves driving safety.
  • the embodiment of the present application obtains the impedance parameters of the battery pack, and then obtains the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs based on the impedance parameters; thereby selecting M target battery packs to combine the target battery pack with the reference battery pack.
  • the battery pack is used as the battery pack after battery replacement.
  • the target battery pack is selected based on the impedance difference, and the impedance difference is calculated through the impedance parameters of the reference battery pack and the alternative battery pack, the final battery pack after battery replacement takes into account the reference battery pack and the alternative battery pack.
  • the degree of impedance difference between packages makes the selected target battery pack more consistent with the reference battery pack, thus alleviating the risk of branch circuit overcurrent that is prone to occur when there are at least two battery packs in the electrical equipment. question.
  • the method may include:
  • the first parameter is the impedance parameter of the reference battery pack at the target temperature and target state of charge
  • the second parameter is the candidate battery pack at the target temperature and target state of charge. impedance parameters.
  • S220 Obtain the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs based on the first parameter and the plurality of second parameters.
  • S140 use the target battery pack and the reference battery pack as the battery packs after battery replacement.
  • the impedance parameter has its corresponding target temperature and target state of charge.
  • the above-mentioned battery pack is provided with a cell parameter table as an example. Multiple temperatures and multiple states of charge can be configured in the cell parameter table, thereby forming sites at different temperatures and different states of charge. The value at one point is the impedance parameter at a specific temperature and state of charge recorded in the cell parameter table.
  • the target temperature and target state of charge By setting the target temperature and target state of charge, and then using the impedance parameters under the same temperature conditions and state of charge conditions to calculate the impedance difference in the subsequent calculation of the impedance difference, the consistency of the external environment of the battery pack during the impedance difference calculation is ensured and improved. The accuracy of the impedance difference calculation is improved.
  • the reference battery pack and multiple alternative batteries are obtained based on the impedance parameters.
  • the process of impedance differences between packages can include:
  • S310 Calculate parameter deviation values between the first parameter and multiple second parameters under different target temperatures and different target states of charge.
  • S320 Obtain the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs based on the parameter deviation values between the first parameter and multiple second parameters under different target temperatures and different target states of charge.
  • the parameter deviation values between the first parameters corresponding to the reference battery pack and the second parameters corresponding to the multiple candidate battery packs can be calculated respectively according to different target temperatures and different target states of charge, and then based on different The parameter deviation values at the target temperature and different target states of charge are calculated to obtain the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs.
  • the method for calculating parameter deviation values under different target temperatures and different target states of charge may be to obtain the first parameters corresponding to the reference battery pack and the second parameters corresponding to the alternative battery pack, according to the target temperature and target charge. State grouping, group those with the same target temperature and the same target state of charge into one group, and then calculate the difference between the first parameter in the same group and the second parameter corresponding to each alternative battery pack.
  • the first parameters of all groups are After the calculation of the differences between the plurality of second parameters is completed, the obtained result is the parameter deviation value between the first parameter and the plurality of second parameters under different target temperatures and different target states of charge.
  • the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs is calculated based on the parameter deviation values under different target temperatures and different target states of charge, the battery pack under various conditions is considered. Under the operating conditions, the calculated impedance difference more accurately reflects the matching degree of the battery pack.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of another embodiment of the power replacement method proposed in the present application based on the above embodiment.
  • the above power exchange method may include:
  • the first parameter is the impedance parameter of the reference battery pack at the target temperature and target state of charge
  • the second parameter is the candidate battery pack at the target temperature and target state of charge. impedance parameters.
  • S310 Calculate parameter deviation values between the first parameter and multiple second parameters under different target temperatures and different target states of charge.
  • S410 Perform numerical calculations on the parameter deviations of the multiple second parameters from the first parameters at all target states of charge and all target temperatures to obtain multiple impedance differences, which correspond to multiple alternative battery packs.
  • Numerical operations are sum of squares, mean, or maximum operations.
  • S140 use the target battery pack and the reference battery pack as the battery packs after battery replacement.
  • an optional implementation method for calculating the impedance difference between a reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs based on parameter deviation values under different target temperatures and target states of charge.
  • the sum of squares operation can be further performed based on this or Average calculation, the calculation result (i.e. impedance difference) obtained by this calculation can reflect the internal resistance difference level of the alternative battery pack and the reference battery pack under different working conditions.
  • the maximum value operation can also be used.
  • the operation result (i.e., the impedance difference) obtained by this operation can reflect the maximum degree of difference between the candidate battery pack and the reference battery pack. Therefore, the impedance difference can reflect the candidate battery pack to a greater extent.
  • the final alternative battery pack selected based on the impedance difference can also maximize the device power of the cells in the battery and alleviate the possible risk of circulating current and overcurrent.
  • the target battery pack can be M of the N candidate battery packs with the smallest impedance difference from the reference battery pack.
  • N It is a positive integer, and N is greater than or equal to M.
  • N battery packs with the smallest impedance difference it is also possible to select N battery packs with the smallest impedance difference, and then select from N alternative battery packs with reference to the influence of other factors. Replace the M target battery packs of the battery packs to be replaced.
  • the impedance difference between the battery packs used in the electrical equipment after battery replacement can be ensured.
  • the design power is conducive to increasing the power consumption time. When electrical equipment is used in vehicles and other means of transportation, driving safety and user experience are improved.
  • Figure 5 is an optional flow diagram of another embodiment of the power replacement method proposed in the present application based on the above embodiment.
  • the method before obtaining the impedance parameters of the battery pack, the method can also Includes the following steps:
  • S510 Obtain the operating condition data of the battery pack, where the operating condition data may include the temperature, state of charge, actual current and actual voltage of multiple cells in the battery pack during the target period.
  • S520 process the actual voltage and actual current of multiple cells during the target period, and obtain the current-voltage fitting parameters and fitting goodness of multiple cells during the target period.
  • the goodness of fit represents the performance of the battery cells during the target period.
  • the degree of linear correlation between the actual current and the actual voltage also represents the degree of deviation between the battery cell's fitted voltage and the actual voltage during the target period.
  • S530 Screen out the battery cells whose fitting goodness is greater than the preset threshold from multiple battery cells as the target battery cells.
  • the data range of the above-mentioned working condition data of the battery pack can cover the entire operation process of the battery pack, including the charging process, discharging process and data when the battery pack is not in use.
  • the charging process may include the process of charging the battery pack at a power swap station
  • the discharging process may include the battery pack being configured on the electric vehicle so that the electrical energy stored in the battery pack is converted into mechanical energy, allowing the electric vehicle to drive and park. process.
  • the BMS of the battery pack can collect its working condition data in real time. Subsequently, before the power swap occurs, the subject performing the power swap method can obtain the working condition data of the battery pack within the historical period.
  • the target period may be all periods of the battery pack, or it may be a period in which the battery pack is in a stable state after screening.
  • the target period may be a period after the first preset time of normal startup of the battery pack.
  • the duration of the target period can also be further limited in combination with the aforementioned target period selection method, and a period longer than the preset duration can be selected as the target period.
  • the preset duration can be, for example, 2 seconds, 3 seconds, or 5 seconds.
  • the operating condition data of the battery pack obtained based on the target period actually includes the temperature, state of charge, actual current and actual voltage of multiple cells in the battery pack. Through various data of multiple cells, the battery pack to which it belongs can be accurately evaluated. operating conditions.
  • the multiple cells may be all cells in the battery pack, or they may be cells whose working condition data are in a stable state or within a normal range during the target period after screening.
  • the temperature and state of charge of the above-mentioned battery core are not limited and can cover all conditions in the battery core operating conditions.
  • the temperature range can be between minus thirty degrees Celsius and above zero sixty degrees Celsius, and the state of charge can be 0 to 100%.
  • the current-voltage of each cell can be fitted based on the actual current and actual voltage of the multiple cells selected in the battery pack, and the current-voltage fitting parameters of the multiple cells in the target period can be obtained.
  • the current-voltage fitting parameter is obtained by fitting the actual current-actual voltage, it is a parameter that can characterize the relationship between the current and voltage of the battery core, that is, it represents the internal function of the battery core. blocking situation.
  • the fitting method may be linear fitting, for example.
  • the curve may also be split into multiple straight lines, and then linear fitting may be implemented for each straight line.
  • the goodness of fit can be obtained by combining the actual voltage and the fitted voltage obtained by fitting.
  • the criterion can be that the goodness of fit is greater than the preset threshold.
  • the goodness of fit represents the degree of linear correlation between the actual voltage and the actual current of the cell. Therefore, the greater the goodness of fit, the higher the degree of linear correlation between the actual current and the actual voltage.
  • the fitted voltage The smaller the deviation from the actual voltage, the closer the fitting parameters are to the true level of the cell impedance. Therefore, taking the battery cells whose fitting goodness is greater than the preset threshold as the target battery can better describe the real operating conditions of the actual battery cells and exclude some cells with abnormal data.
  • current-voltage fitting parameters are parameters that can characterize the relationship between the current and voltage of the battery core, that is, they represent the internal resistance of the battery core, therefore, after selecting the target battery cell, according to all targets
  • the current-voltage fitting parameters of the battery cell can calculate the impedance parameters of the battery pack where the target battery cell is located.
  • the current-voltage fitting parameters and the fitting goodness are obtained through the actual current and actual voltage of the cell, and finally the current-voltage fitting of the target cell with high fitting goodness is selected.
  • Parameters, temperature and state of charge realize the calculation of various data of the battery pack as a whole, providing a favorable basis for obtaining impedance parameters during subsequent battery replacement.
  • This process of selecting target cells using the goodness of fit makes the final calculated impedance parameters more realistic for evaluating the internal resistance of the battery pack, improving data accuracy.
  • the process of obtaining the operating condition data of the battery pack may include:
  • S620 The period when the actual current of the battery cell shows a unidirectional trend change is used as the target period.
  • S630 Obtain the actual voltage, actual current, temperature and state of charge of multiple cells within the target period.
  • the target period is defined for the working condition data as the period in which the actual current shows a one-way trend change.
  • the one-way trend change may be a monotonic increasing trend or a monotonic decreasing trend. There is a strong linear relationship between the actual current and voltage in this target period, and its fitting parameters are closer to the true impedance level of the battery core.
  • the actual voltage and actual current of the multiple cells in the target period are processed to obtain the actual voltage and current of the multiple cells in the target period.
  • the process of current-voltage fitting parameters and fitting goodness of the period may include:
  • S710 Perform linear fitting on the actual voltages and actual currents of multiple cells in the target period, respectively, to obtain linear fitting functions of the multiple cells in the target period.
  • the slope of the linear fitting function is the current-voltage fitting parameter.
  • S720 Substitute the actual currents of the multiple batteries in the target period into the linear fitting functions of the multiple batteries in the target period for calculation, and obtain the fitted voltages of the multiple batteries in different target periods.
  • S730 Calculate the fitting goodness of the multiple batteries in the target period based on the fitted voltages and actual voltages of the multiple batteries in the target period.
  • This embodiment obtains the current-voltage fitting parameters through linear fitting, and obtains the corresponding fitting goodness of multiple cells in the target period based on the results of the linear fitting (i.e., the linear fitting function) and the actual voltage data. .
  • the selected target period is a period in which the current shows a unidirectional change trend
  • the current-voltage change under this working condition can show a better linearity or approach a linear change, so it can be used by linear fitting , get the linear fitting function.
  • the slope of the linear fitting function is the relationship between current and voltage, so the slope of the linear fitting function can be used as a parameter to evaluate the internal resistance of the battery cell.
  • the obtained current-voltage fitting parameters can evaluate the actual internal resistance of the battery cell is related to the error degree of the subsequent battery pack impedance parameters, so it can be evaluated by the goodness of fit.
  • the process of obtaining the fitting goodness and current-voltage fitting parameters is given, which provides a data basis for selecting appropriate target cells and calculating the impedance parameters of the battery pack.
  • the fitting voltages of multiple cells in the target period are calculated based on the fitted voltages and actual voltages of the multiple cells in the target period. Excellence, which can include:
  • R 2 ⁇ (U n,1 -U mean ) 2 / ⁇ (U n,2 -U mean ) 2
  • U n,1 is the fitted voltage of cell n in the target period
  • U n,2 is the actual voltage of cell n in the target period
  • U mean is the mean value of the fitted voltage and the actual voltage in the target period
  • R 2 is the fitting goodness of cell n in the target period.
  • the goodness of fit can be measured using the correlation coefficient, which is a statistical index that can measure the linear correlation between two variables. It can be calculated by calculating the correlation coefficient between the actual current and the actual voltage between multiple cells. It can well evaluate the degree of linear correlation between actual current and actual voltage, so the goodness of fit can well characterize the degree of linear correlation between current and voltage under working conditions.
  • the correlation coefficient is a statistical index that can measure the linear correlation between two variables. It can be calculated by calculating the correlation coefficient between the actual current and the actual voltage between multiple cells. It can well evaluate the degree of linear correlation between actual current and actual voltage, so the goodness of fit can well characterize the degree of linear correlation between current and voltage under working conditions.
  • the calculation of the goodness of fit can also be implemented through other metrics that can represent the degree of matching, such as standard deviation, variance, etc.
  • the process of determining the impedance parameter of the battery pack and the target temperature and target state of charge corresponding to the impedance parameter may include:
  • the first average value is the impedance parameter of the battery pack in which the target cell is located.
  • the calculation order of the above target temperature, impedance parameters and target state of charge can be performed simultaneously or sequentially. When executed sequentially, the execution order can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the data of the entire battery pack in the target period is measured by the average data of multiple target cells in the same target period, which can evaluate the overall operation of the battery cells in the battery pack and meet the actual data requirements.
  • the average value may not be calculated, but the median or mode may be used to measure the data of the entire battery pack within the target period.
  • multiple alternative battery packs may be located in the power swap station, and the reference battery pack may be other than the alternative battery packs in the power swap station. At least one battery pack, or the reference battery pack may be another battery pack in the device to be replaced except the battery pack to be replaced.
  • This embodiment provides two different reference battery pack matching scenarios.
  • One of them can be that when all battery packs in the equipment to be replaced (i.e., the electrical equipment) need to be replaced, at least one of the battery packs can be selected from the battery swap station.
  • One battery pack is used as a reference battery pack, and then based on the first parameter of the reference battery pack, the second parameters of multiple candidate battery packs in the battery swap station are traversed, and the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and the multiple battery packs is calculated. , and finally select the target battery pack with a small impedance difference based on the impedance difference.
  • the target battery pack is selected based on the impedance difference, the impedance difference between it and the reference battery pack is small.
  • the final battery pack after battery replacement has good consistency and small internal resistance difference, so it can reduce the operating time The risk of overflow caused by circulation.
  • the reference battery pack is the battery pack in the device to be replaced that does not need to be replaced.
  • M can be the number of battery packs to be replaced.
  • the reference battery pack is at least one battery pack other than the candidate battery pack in the battery swap station, the sum of the number of reference battery packs and M may be equal to the number of battery packs to be swapped.
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 describe in detail embodiments of the power exchange method of the present application, and the power exchange device of the present application will be described later.
  • the power exchange system may include:
  • the first acquisition module 810 may be used to acquire the impedance parameters of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack includes a reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs.
  • the second acquisition module 820 may be used to acquire the impedance difference between the reference battery pack and multiple candidate battery packs based on the impedance parameters.
  • the selection module 830 may be used to select M target battery packs based on the impedance difference, where M is a positive integer, and the candidate battery packs include the target battery packs.
  • the setting module 840 can be used to use the target battery pack and the reference battery pack as the battery packs after battery replacement.
  • the first acquisition module 810 can be used to acquire a first parameter and a plurality of second parameters.
  • the first parameter is the target temperature and target temperature of the reference battery pack.
  • the impedance parameter in the state of charge, the second parameter is the impedance parameter of the alternative battery pack at the target temperature and target state of charge.
  • the second acquisition module 820 may include:
  • the first calculation unit 821 can be used to calculate parameter deviation values between the first parameter and a plurality of second parameters under different target temperatures and different target states of charge.
  • the first obtaining unit 822 may be used to obtain the parameters between the reference battery pack and the plurality of candidate battery packs based on the parameter deviation values between the first parameter and the plurality of second parameters under different target temperatures and different target states of charge. impedance difference.
  • the acquisition unit 822 can be used to calculate the parameter deviations of multiple second parameters from the first parameters at all target states of charge and all target temperatures.
  • the numerical operation is sum of squares operation, mean operation or maximum value operation.
  • the target battery pack may be M of the N candidate battery packs with the smallest impedance difference from the reference battery pack, where N is greater than or equal to M.
  • the power exchange system may also include:
  • the third acquisition module 850 can be used to acquire the operating condition data of the battery pack.
  • the operating condition data includes the temperature, state of charge, actual current and actual voltage of multiple cells in the battery pack during the target period;
  • the processing module 860 can be used to process the actual voltage and actual current of multiple cells in the target period, respectively, to obtain the current-voltage fitting parameters and fitting goodness of the multiple cells in the target period, and the fitting goodness. It represents the degree of linear correlation between the actual current and the actual voltage of the battery cell during the target period, and the degree of deviation between the fitted voltage and the actual voltage of the battery cell during the target period.
  • the screening module 870 can be used to select battery cells whose fitting goodness is greater than a preset threshold from multiple battery cells as target battery cells.
  • the calculation module 880 can be used to correspondingly calculate the impedance parameter of the battery pack where the target cell is located and the target temperature and target corresponding to the impedance parameter based on the current-voltage fitting parameters, temperature and state of charge of the target cell in the target period. state of charge.
  • the third acquisition module 850 may include:
  • the second acquisition unit 851 may be used to acquire the actual current of multiple cells in the battery pack at different periods of time.
  • the setting unit 852 may be used to set the period in which the actual current of the cell shows a unidirectional trend change as the target period.
  • the third acquisition unit 853 may be used to acquire the actual voltage, temperature and state of charge of multiple cells within the target period.
  • the processing module 860 may include:
  • the fitting unit 861 can be used to linearly fit the actual voltages and actual currents of multiple cells in the target period, respectively, to obtain linear fitting functions of the multiple cells in the target period.
  • the slope of the linear fitting function is the current. -Voltage fitting parameters.
  • the second calculation unit 862 can be used to substitute the actual currents of the plurality of cells in the target period into the linear fitting functions of the plurality of cells in the target period for calculation, so as to obtain the fittings of the plurality of cells in different target periods. Voltage; based on the fitted voltage and actual voltage of multiple cells in the target period, calculate the fitting goodness of multiple cells in the target period.
  • the second calculation unit 862 can also calculate the fitted voltages and actual voltages of multiple battery cells in the target period. Substituting into the following formula, the fitting goodness of multiple cells in the target period is obtained,
  • R 2 ⁇ (U n,1 -U mean ) 2 / ⁇ (U n,2 -U mean ) 2
  • U n,1 is the fitted voltage of cell n in the target period
  • U n,2 is the actual voltage of cell n in the target period
  • U mean is the mean value of the fitted voltage and the actual voltage in the target period
  • R 2 is the fitting goodness of cell n in the target period.
  • the second calculation unit 862 can also be used to calculate the current-voltage of multiple target cells in the battery pack during the same target period.
  • the first mean value of the fitting parameters is the impedance parameter of the battery pack where the target cell is located; the second mean value of the temperature of multiple target cells in the battery pack during the same target period is calculated, the second mean value is the target cell The target temperature of the battery pack where the target cell is located; calculate the third average value of the state of charge of multiple target cells in the battery pack within the same target period, and the third average value is the target state of charge of the battery pack where the target cell is located.
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment of the power swap system of the present application is proposed.
  • multiple alternative battery packs are located in the power swap station, and the reference battery pack is at least one other than the alternative battery packs in the power swap station. Battery pack, or other battery packs in the equipment to be replaced other than the battery pack to be replaced.
  • M is the battery pack to be swapped.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the power exchange device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the power exchange device may include a processor 901 and a memory 902 storing computer program instructions.
  • processor 901 may include a central processing unit (CPU), or an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), or may be configured to implement one or more integrated circuits according to the embodiments of the present application.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • Memory 902 may include bulk storage for data or instructions.
  • the memory 902 may include a hard disk drive (HDD), a floppy disk drive, flash memory, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a magnetic tape, or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive or two or more A combination of many of the above.
  • Memory 902 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media, where appropriate.
  • the memory 902 may be internal or external to the integrated gateway disaster recovery device.
  • memory 902 is non-volatile solid-state memory.
  • memory may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media devices, optical storage media devices, flash memory devices, electrical, optical, or other physical/tangible memory storage devices.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • magnetic disk storage media devices e.g., magnetic disks
  • optical storage media devices e.g., flash memory devices
  • electrical, optical, or other physical/tangible memory storage devices e.g., electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • memory includes one or more tangible (non-transitory) computer-readable storage media (e.g., memory devices) encoded with software including computer-executable instructions, and when the software is executed (e.g., by one or multiple processors) operable to perform the operations described with reference to a method according to an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the processor 901 reads and executes the computer program instructions stored in the memory 902 to implement any of the power exchange methods in the above embodiments.
  • the power exchange device may further include a communication interface 903 and a bus 909. Among them, as shown in Figure 9, the processor 901, the memory 902, and the communication interface 903 are connected through the bus 909 and complete communication with each other.
  • the communication interface 903 is mainly used to implement communication between modules, devices, units and/or equipment in the embodiments of this application.
  • Bus 909 includes hardware, software, or both, coupling the components of the image processing device to each other.
  • the bus may include Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, Front Side Bus (FSB), HyperTransport (HT) interconnect, Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Bus, Infinite Bandwidth Interconnect, Low Pin Count (LPC) Bus, Memory Bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) Bus, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Bus, PCI-Express (PCI-X) Bus, Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association Local (VLB) bus or other suitable bus or a combination of two or more of these.
  • bus 909 may include one or more buses.
  • the power exchange device can perform the power exchange method in the embodiment of the present application, thereby realizing the power exchange method described in conjunction with the above embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present application can provide a computer storage medium for implementation.
  • the computer storage medium stores computer program instructions; when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, any one of the power exchange methods in the above embodiments is implemented.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product, including a computer program.
  • the computer program When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps and corresponding contents of the foregoing method embodiments can be implemented.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种换电方法、系统、装置、存储介质和计算机程序产品，其中换电方法包括：获取电池包的阻抗参数，电池包包括参考电池包和多个备选电池包；根据阻抗参数，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异；根据阻抗差异，选择M个目标电池包，M为正整数，备选电池包包括目标电池包；将目标电池包和参考电池包作为换电后的电池包。本申请能够缓解用电设备存在至少两个电池包时容易出现支路环流过流风险的问题。

Description

换电方法、系统、装置、存储介质和计算机程序产品 技术领域
本申请涉及新能源技术领域，尤其涉及一种换电方法、系统、装置、存储介质和计算机程序产品。
背景技术
随着新能源技术的发展，利用电池包作为能源的用电设备逐渐占领市场。这种用电设备可以内置至少两个电池包，但该种设置容易使得用电过程中出现支路环流，致使用电设备某一支路产生过流风险。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种换电方法、系统、装置、存储介质和计算机程序产品，以缓解了用电设备存在至少两个电池包时容易出现支路环流，致使产生支路过流的风险的问题。
一方面，本申请提供一种换电方法，该换电方法可以包括：
获取电池包的阻抗参数，电池包可以包括参考电池包和多个备选电池包。
根据阻抗参数，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异。
根据阻抗差异，选择M个目标电池包，M为正整数，备选电池包包括目标电池包。
将目标电池包和参考电池包作为换电后的电池包。
本申请实施例通过获取电池包的阻抗参数，进而根据阻抗参数，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异；从而选择出M个目标电池包，以将目标电池包和参考电池包作为换电后的电池包。其中，因为目标电池包是依据阻抗差异选择的，阻抗差异又是通过参考电池包和备选电池包的阻抗参数计算得到的，因此最终换电后的电池包考虑了参考电池包和备选电池包间的阻抗差异程度，这种选择换电方式使得选择的目标电池包与参考电池包的一致性较好，从而缓解了用电设备存在至少两个电池包时容易出现支路环流过流风险的问题。
可选地，获取电池包的阻抗参数可以包括：
获取第一参数和多个第二参数，第一参数为参考电池包在目标温度和目标荷电 状态下的阻抗参数，第二参数为备选电池包在目标温度和目标荷电状态下的阻抗参数。
在这些实施例中，通过设置目标温度和目标荷电状态，进而在后续计算阻抗差异时使用相同温度条件和荷电状态条件下的阻抗参数实现阻抗差异计算，保证了阻抗差异计算时电池包外部环境的一致性，提高了阻抗差异计算的精准度。
可选地，根据阻抗参数，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异，可以包括：
计算在不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下第一参数分别和多个第二参数间的参数偏差值。
根据不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下第一参数分别和多个第二参数间的参数偏差值，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异。
在这些实施例中，考虑了电池包在多种条件下的运行工况，计算得到的阻抗差异更为精准体现电池包的匹配程度。
可选地，根据不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下第一参数分别和多个第二参数间的参数偏差值，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异，可以包括：
对多个第二参数分别与第一参数在所有目标荷电状态和所有目标温度下的参数偏差进行数值运算，得到多个阻抗差异，多个阻抗差异与多个备选电池包对应，数值运算为平方和运算、均值运算或者最大值运算。
在这些实施例中，通过数值运算能够体现备选电池包和参考电池包在不同工况下或者最大差异程度情况下的内阻差异水平，使得最终依据阻抗差异选择出的备选电池包也能够最大程度发挥电池内电芯的设备电量，缓解可能出现的环流过流风险。
可选地，目标电池包为与参考电池包间的阻抗差异最小的N个备选电池包中的M个，N大于等于M。
在这些实施例中，通过选择阻抗差异小的M个目标电池包，与参考电池包共同作为换电后的电池包，能够保证换电后的用电设备中所使用的电池包之间的阻抗差异足够小，即电池包之间的内阻较为一致，电池包之间的匹配度较高，由此能够减小用电设备运行过程中可能出现的环流过流风险，最大程度地发挥了电池包的设计电量，有利于提升用电时长。在用电设备为车辆等交通工具，提升了驾乘安全性和用户体验。
可选地，获取电池包的阻抗参数之前，方法还可以包括：
获取电池包的工况数据，工况数据可以包括电池包中多个电芯在目标时段的温度、荷电状态、实际电流以及实际电压。
分别对多个电芯在目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行处理，得到多个电芯在 目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数和拟合优度，拟合优度表征电芯在目标时段的实际电流与实际电压的线性相关程度，以及电芯在目标时段的拟合电压与实际电压的偏差程度。
从多个电芯中筛选出拟合优度大于预设阈值的电芯作为目标电芯。
根据目标电芯在目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数、温度和荷电状态，对应计算目标电芯所在的电池包的阻抗参数以及该阻抗参数对应的目标温度和目标荷电状态。
在这些实施例中，通过计算电芯的实际电流和电压，处理计算得到电流-电压拟合参数以及拟合优度，并最终选择出拟合优度高的目标电芯的电流-电压拟合参数、温度和荷电状态实现了电池包整体各项数据的计算，为后续换电时的阻抗参数的获取提供了有利依据。该利用拟合优度选择目标电芯的过程，使得最终计算得到的阻抗参数更能够真实评估电池包的内阻，提高了数据准确度。
可选地，获取电池包的工况数据，包括：
获取电池包中多个电芯在不同时段的实际电流。
将电芯的实际电流呈现单向趋势变化的时段作为目标时段。
获取目标时段内的多个电芯的实际电压、温度和荷电状态。
在这些实施例中，呈现单向趋势变化的时段下的电流和电压存在较强的线性关系，其拟合参数更贴近电芯真实的阻抗水平。
可选地，对多个电芯在目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行处理，得到多个电芯在目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数和拟合优度，可以包括：
分别对多个电芯在目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行线性拟合，得到多个电芯在目标时段的线性拟合函数，线性拟合函数的斜率为电流-电压拟合参数。
将多个电芯在目标时段的实际电流对应代入多个电芯在目标时段的线性拟合函数中进行计算，得到多个电芯在不同目标时段的拟合电压。
根据多个电芯在目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压，计算多个电芯在目标时段的拟合优度。
在这些实施例中，给出了处理得到拟合优度以及电流-电压拟合参数的过程，为选择出合适的目标电芯和计算电池包的阻抗参数提供了数据基础。
可选地，根据多个电芯在目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压，计算多个电芯在目标时段的拟合优度，可以包括：
分别将多个电芯在目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压代入以下公式，得到多个电芯在目标时段的拟合优度，
R 2＝∑(U n,1-U mean) 2/∑(U n,2-U mean) 2
其中，U n,1为电芯n在目标时段的拟合电压，U n,2为电芯n在目标时段的实际电压，U mean为在目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压的均值，R 2为电芯n在目标时段的拟合优度。
在这些实施例中，通过多个电芯间的拟合电压与实际电压的差异计算，能够很好地评估实际电流和实际电压之间的线性相关程度，同时也能够表征拟合电压与实际电压的偏差程度。
可选地，根据目标电芯在目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数、温度和荷电状态，对应计算目标电芯所在的电池包的阻抗参数以及该阻抗参数对应的目标温度和目标荷电状态，可以包括：
计算电池包中多个目标电芯在同一目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数的第一均值，第一均值为目标电芯所在的电池包的阻抗参数。
计算电池包中多个目标电芯在同一目标时段的温度的第二均值，第二均值为目标电芯所在的电池包的目标温度。
计算电池包中多个目标电芯在同一目标时段内的荷电状态的第三均值，第三均值为目标电芯所在的电池包的目标荷电状态。
在这些实施例中，通过多个目标电芯在同一目标时段的数据均值来衡量整个电池包在该目标时段的数据，能够评估电池包中电芯整体的运行情况，符合实际数据要求。
可选地，多个备选电池包位于换电站内，参考电池包为换电站中除备选电池包以外的至少一个电池包，或者，待换电设备中除待换电电池包以外的其他电池包。
在这些实施例中，给出了参考电池包不同的设定场景，为准确选择目标电池包，防止待换电设备的环流过流风险提供了场景支持。
可选地，当参考电池包为待换电设备中除待换电电池包以外的其他电池包时，M为待换电电池包的数量。
当参考电池包为换电站中除备选电池包以外的至少一个电池包时，参考电池包的数量与M的和等于待换电电池包的数量。
在这些实施例中，依据不同换电场景，找到了合适数量的目标电池包，实现了精准选择。
另一方面，本申请提供一种换电系统，换电系统可以包括：
第一获取模块，可以用于获取电池包的阻抗参数，电池包包括参考电池包和多个备选电池包；
第二获取模块，可以用于根据阻抗参数，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异；
选择模块，可以用于根据阻抗差异，选择M个目标电池包，M为正整数，备选电池包包括目标电池包；
设置模块，可以用于将目标电池包和参考电池包作为换电后的电池包。
又一方面，本申请提供一种换电装置，该换电装置可以包括处理器，存储器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的程序或指令，程序或指令被处理器执行时实现如上述方面的换电方法的步骤。
再一方面，本申请还提供一种换电装置，该换电装置被配置为用于执行上述方面的换电方法的步骤。
再一方面，本申请还提供一种可读存储介质，该可读存储介质上可读存储介质上存储程序或指令，程序或指令被处理器执行时实现上述方面的换电方法的步骤。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例的换电方法一实施例的流程示意图。
图2为本申请实施例的换电方法另一实施例的流程示意图。
图3为本申请实施例的换电方法又一实施例的流程示意图。
图4为本申请实施例的换电方法的再一实施例的流程示意图。
图5为本申请实施例的换电方法的再一实施例的流程示意图。
图6为本申请实施例的换电方法的再一实施例的流程示意图。
图7为本申请实施例的换电方法的再一实施例中对多个电芯在目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行处理，得到多个电芯在目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数和拟合优度的细化流程示意图。
图8为本申请实施例的换电系统的一实施例的可选模块示意图。
图9为本申请实施例的换电装置的硬件结构示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在新能源领域中，动力电池可作为用电设备(例如车辆、船舶或航天器等)的主要动力源，而储能电池可作为用电设备的充电来源，二者的重要性均不言而喻。作为示例而非限定，在一些应用场景中，动力电池可为用电设备中的电池，储能电池可为充电设备中的电池。为了便于描述，在下文中，动力电池和储能电池均可统称为电池。
正如背景技术所述，随着新能源技术的发展，以电池作为能源载体的设备越来越多。例如该设备可以是电动车辆、航天器等等。而这些以电池作为能源载体的设备，若其中电池包的内阻不一致，则内阻小的电池包所在支路容易在使用过程中出现回充环流，由此引发该支路产生过流风险。此外，内阻小的电池包放电速度快，电池包所在用电系统的实际放电量比标定电量低，因此也影响了设备的使用时长。
以用电设备为电动汽车进行举例说明，示例性地，该电动汽车可以至少具有两个电池包，由于电动汽车内搭载的至少两个电池包可能内阻差异较大，在行车或者驻车过程中，其容易出现回充环流，由此引发电动汽车某一支路出现过流风险，影响了汽车的使用安全性。此外，内阻小的电池包放电快，使得电动汽车的使用时长相比预计时长短，用户体验差。因此在类似电动汽车的车辆或交通工具领域，相关技术存在由于回充环流引发的驾乘安全性低，且用户体验度差的问题。
为了解决上述问题，本申请的发明人基于电池包所在设备的换电场景，设计了一种换电算法，通过分析获取电池包的阻抗参数，并由此计算得到阻抗差异，从而根据阻抗差异从多个备选电池包中选择得到目标电池包，进而与参考电池包共同作为换电后的电池包实现换电，由此设备换电后的电池包是依据阻抗偏差选择得到的，这种换电方式所选择的换电后的电池包的匹配度高，能够减小内阻差异，降低回充环流过流风险，提升了用电设备的使用安全性，间接提升了设备的使用时长。
以下对本申请实施例提供的换电方法、系统、装置、存储介质和计算机程序产品进行说明，下面首先对本申请实施例提供的换电方法进行介绍。
参看图1，图1示出了本申请实施例的换电方法一可选实施例的流程示意图。在本实施例中，该换电方法可以包括以下步骤：
S110，获取电池包的阻抗参数。其中，电池包可以包括参考电池包和多个备选电池包。
S120，根据阻抗参数，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异。
S130，根据阻抗差异，选择M个目标电池包。其中，M为正整数，备选电池包可以包括目标电池包。
S140，将目标电池包和参考电池包作为换电后的电池包。
需要说明的是，本申请的换电方法可以应用于换电站内的控制系统，也可以应用于某些参与换电的电池包，还可以是参与换电过程的某些电池包中的BMS(Battery  Management System，电池管理系统)，或者还可以是参与换电过程的某些电池包中的具有控制和运算功能的其他控制模块，还可以是换电站和电池包组成的换电系统。
上述电池包可以包括参考电池包，以及相对于参考电池包的备选电池包。其中参考电池包可以是在后续计算阻抗差异时，作为参考对象进行匹配的电池包，参考电池包可以根据用电设备的可承载电池包上限进行设置，可以为一个或多个。
备选电池包可以设置多个，示例性地，该备选电池包可以设置在换电站或维修厂中。上述备选电池包构成了目标电池包的备选集合。上述阻抗参数是能够表征电池包内阻相对大小的参数，其可以表征电池包的内阻，可以是电池包的内阻或内阻的倍数。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例涉及的电池包存在多种设置场景，其可能设置于换电站内充电，也可能设置在用电设备中，例如设置在电动汽车内，因此针对每个电池包可以设置电芯参数表。该电芯参数表可以记录有电池包在不同设置场景下的所有工况数据，当进入换电场景，需要以参考电池包为参考对象，从多个备选电池包中选择目标电池包时，参考电池包和多个备选电池包各自的电芯参数表记录的数据可以通过通信协议实现传输和汇集，最终换电方法的执行载体可以收集获得参考电池包和多个备选电池包的阻抗参数。
在得到了参考电池包和多个备选电池包分别对应的阻抗参数的基础上，可以计算单个备选电池包与参考电池包之间的阻抗差异。该阻抗差异能够表征电池包的内阻差异程度，能够反映电池包的一致性。示例性地，阻抗差异可以在相同或类似目标条件下，通过求解参考电池包与备选电池包的阻抗参数的差值得到。
在一些可选示例中，在上述S130中，可以以不同备选电池包与参考电池包之间的阻抗差异作为选择标准，从备选电池包中选择出M个目标电池包，最终目标电池包和参考电池包共同作为换电后的电池包。而由于是以阻抗差异作为目标电池包的选择标准，而阻抗差异又是以最终作为换电后的电池包之一的参考电池包为标准，借助阻抗参数计算得到的，因此其表征了换电后的电池包之间的一致性程度，从而能够基于换电场景以阻抗差异程度作为换电标准，为用电设备匹配出阻抗差异小的电池包进行搭配使用，缓解了至少两个以上电池包内阻差异较大，容易出现环流过流的问题，提升了用电设备的安全性。也间接提升了用电设备的用电时长，提升了用户体验。
示例性地，以用电设备为车辆、换电方法的执行载体为换电站为例，上述参考电池包可以是换电站中除备选电池包以外的其他电池包，也可以是车辆中除待换电的电池以外的其他电池包。若参考电池包为车辆中待换电电池包以外的其他电池包，在车辆进入换电站后，车辆中的电池包可以与换电站系统通信连接，使换电站可以获得参考电池包的阻抗参数，同样换电站系统也可以获取换电站内所有电池包中的多个备选电池包的阻抗参数，进而依旧上述图1示出的换电方法计算阻抗差异，从而选择目标电池包替换车辆中的待换电电池包，该目标电池包是基于阻抗差异标准选择出的，由此使得电动汽车在经过换电后，其中的电池包产生支路环流的风险降低，提升了驾 驶安全性。
本申请实施例通过获取电池包的阻抗参数，进而根据阻抗参数，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异；从而选择出M个目标电池包，以将目标电池包和参考电池包作为换电后的电池包。其中，因为目标电池包是依据阻抗差异选择的，阻抗差异又是通过参考电池包和备选电池包的阻抗参数计算得到的，因此最终换电后的电池包考虑了参考电池包和备选电池包间的阻抗差异程度，这种选择换电方式使得选择的目标电池包与参考电池包的一致性较好，从而缓解了用电设备存在至少两个电池包时容易出现支路环流过流风险的问题。
参看图2，基于上述实施例，提出本申请的换电方法的另一实施例，在该实施例中，该方法可以包括：
S210，获取第一参数和多个第二参数，第一参数为参考电池包在目标温度和目标荷电状态下的阻抗参数，第二参数为备选电池包在目标温度和目标荷电状态下的阻抗参数。
S220，根据第一参数和多个第二参数，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异。
S130，根据阻抗差异，选择M个目标电池包。
S140，将目标电池包和参考电池包作为换电后的电池包。
在本实施例中，针对阻抗参数有其对应的目标温度和目标荷电状态。仍以上述电池包中设置有电芯参数表进行示例说明，可以在电芯参数表中配置多个温度和多个荷电状态，由此形成不同温度和不同荷电状态下的位点，每个位点的值即是电芯参数表中记录的特定温度和荷电状态下的阻抗参数。
通过设置目标温度和目标荷电状态，进而在后续计算阻抗差异时使用相同温度条件和荷电状态条件下的阻抗参数实现阻抗差异计算，保证了阻抗差异计算时电池包外部环境的一致性，提高了阻抗差异计算的精准度。
参看图3，基于本申请的上述实施例，提出本申请所涉及的换电方法的又一可选实施例，在该实施例中，上述根据阻抗参数，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异的过程可以包括：
S310，计算在不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下第一参数分别和多个第二参数间的参数偏差值。
S320，根据不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下第一参数分别和多个第二参数间的参数偏差值，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异。
在本实施例中，可以按照不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态，分别计算参考电池包对应的第一参数与多个备选电池包对应的第二参数之间的参数偏差值，进而依据不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下的参数偏差值计算得到参考电池包与多个备选电 池包之间的阻抗差异。
示例性地，计算不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下的参数偏差值的方法可以是获取参考电池包对应的第一参数与备选电池包对应的第二参数，按照目标温度和目标荷电状态分组，将相同目标温度和相同目标荷电状态的分为一组，然后计算同组内第一参数与每个备选电池包对应的第二参数的差值，所有组的第一参数与多个第二参数间的差值计算完毕，所得到的结果即是不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下，第一参数和多个第二参数间的参数偏差值。
可以理解的是，由于参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异是依据不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下的参数偏差值计算得到的，因此考虑了电池包在多种条件下的运行工况，计算得到的阻抗差异更为精准体现电池包的匹配程度。
参看图4，图4是基于上述实施例，提出的本申请换电方法的又一实施例的流程示意图。在本实施例中，上述换电方法可以包括：
S210，获取第一参数和多个第二参数，第一参数为参考电池包在目标温度和目标荷电状态下的阻抗参数，第二参数为备选电池包在目标温度和目标荷电状态下的阻抗参数。
S310，计算在不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下第一参数分别和多个第二参数间的参数偏差值。
S410，对多个第二参数分别与第一参数在所有目标荷电状态和所有目标温度下的参数偏差进行数值运算，得到多个阻抗差异，多个阻抗差异与多个备选电池包对应，数值运算为平方和运算、均值运算或者最大值运算。
S130，根据阻抗差异，选择M个目标电池包。
S140，将目标电池包和参考电池包作为换电后的电池包。
在本实施例中，给出了根据不同目标温度和目标荷电状态下的参数偏差值，计算得到参考电池包和多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异的可选实现方式。
需要说明的是，针对单个备选电池包，当针对该单个备选电池包计算得到了所有目标荷电状态和目标温度下，与参考电池包的阻抗差异，可以进一步基于此执行平方和运算或均值运算，该运算得到的运算结果(即阻抗差异)能够体现备选电池包和参考电池包在不同工况下的内阻差异水平。或者，也可以使用最大值运算，该运算得到的运算结果(即阻抗差异)能够体现备选电池包和参考电池包之间的最大差异程度，由此该阻抗差异能够较为大程度地体现备选电池包和参考电池包之间的内阻差异程度。最终依据阻抗差异选择出的备选电池包也能够最大程度发挥电池内电芯的设备电量，缓解可能出现的环流过流风险。
基于上述实施例，提出本申请换电方法的再一实施例，在该实施例中，上述目标电池包可以为与参考电池包间的阻抗差异最小的N个备选电池包中的M个，N为正 整数，N大于等于M。
示例性地，仍以电池包处在换电站进行说明，假设换电站内除参考电池包外的所有电池包均为备选电池包，经过遍历可以获得各个备选电池包的阻抗参数，进而计算得到每个备选电池包与参考电池包的阻抗差异，最终可以对所有的阻抗差异进行排序，可以直接选择阻抗差异最小的M个备选电池包，即此时N＝M。
在另一些示例中，受电池包的故障情况以及所处换电站的位置等其他因素影响，也可以选择阻抗差异最小的N个，进而参考其他因素影响，再从N个备选电池包中选择替换待换电电池包的M个目标电池包。
需要说明的是，通过选择阻抗差异小的M个目标电池包，与参考电池包共同作为换电后的电池包，能够保证换电后的用电设备中所使用的电池包之间的阻抗差异足够小，即电池包之间的内阻较为一致，电池包之间的匹配度较高，由此能够减小用电设备运行过程中可能出现的环流过流风险，最大程度地发挥了电池包的设计电量，有利于提升用电时长。在用电设备为车辆等交通工具，提升了驾乘安全性和用户体验。
参见图5，图5是基于上述实施例，提出的本申请的换电方法的再一实施例的可选流程示意图，在该实施例中，在获取电池包的阻抗参数之前，该方法还可以包括以下步骤：
S510，获取电池包的工况数据，其中，工况数据可以包括电池包中多个电芯在目标时段的温度、荷电状态、实际电流以及实际电压。
S520，对多个电芯在目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行处理，得到多个电芯在目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数和拟合优度，拟合优度表征电芯在目标时段的实际电流与实际电压的线性相关程度，同时也表征电芯在目标时段的拟合电压与实际电压的偏差程度。
S530，从多个电芯中筛选出拟合优度大于预设阈值的电芯作为目标电芯。
S540，根据目标电芯在目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数、温度和荷电状态，对应计算目标电芯所在的电池包的阻抗参数以及该阻抗参数对应的目标温度和目标荷电状态。
上述电池包的工况数据的数据范围可以覆盖电池包的运行全过程，可以包括电池包的充电过程、放电过程以及未使用时的数据。示例性地，充电过程可以包括电池包在换电站进行充电的过程，放电过程可以包括电池包被配置在电动汽车上，使得电池包内存储的电能转化为机械能，使得电动汽车行驶和驻车的过程。
需要说明的是，可以由电池包的BMS即时采集其工况数据，后续在换电行为发生之前可以由执行换电方法的主体对电池包历史时间内的工况数据进行获取。
其中目标时段可以是电池包的所有时段，也可以是经筛选后，电池包处于稳定 状态的时段，例如该目标时段可以是电池包正常启动第一预设时间后的时段。
还可以结合前述目标时段的选择方法，进一步对目标时段的时长进行限制，选择时长大于预设时长的时段作为目标时段，该预设时长例如可以为2秒、3秒或者5秒。
基于目标时段所获得的电池包的工况数据实际包括有电池包中多个电芯的温度、荷电状态、实际电流和实际电压，通过多个电芯的各项数据能够准确评估所属电池包的运行工况。该多个电芯可以是电池包中的全部电芯，也可以是经过筛选后得到的在目标时段内工况数据处于稳定状态或者正常范围的电芯。
上述电芯的温度和荷电状态不限制，可以涵盖电芯工况中的所有情况，示例性地，温度范围可以在零下三十摄氏度至零上六十度摄氏度之间，荷电状态可以为0至100％。
可以依据电池包中选择的多个电芯的实际电流和实际电压，对各个电芯的电流-电压进行拟合，得到多个电芯在目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数。需要说明的是，由于该电流-电压拟合参数是实际电流-实际电压进行拟合后得到的，因此是能够表征电芯的电流和电压之间关系的参数，也即代表了电芯的内阻情况。
该拟合方法例如可以是线性拟合，而针对实际电压和实际电流呈现曲线变化的情况，也可以将曲线拆分为多条直线，再针对每条直线实现线性拟合。而在得到拟合关系的基础上，结合实际电压和拟合得到的拟合电压即可获取拟合优度。
后续在选择评估电池包的阻抗参数所使用的电芯时，可以以拟合优度大于预设阈值作为标准。可以理解的是，拟合优度表征了电芯的实际电压和实际电流之间的线性相关程度，由此拟合优度越大，实际电流和实际电压的线性相关程度越高，拟合电压与实际电压的偏差越小，其拟合参数也越接近电芯阻抗的真实水平。由此，将拟合优度大于预设阈值的电芯作为目标电芯，更能够描述实际电芯的真实运行情况，排除部分异常数据的电芯。
另一方面，由于上述电流-电压拟合参数是能够表征电芯的电流和电压之间关系的参数，也即代表了电芯的内阻情况，因此在选择得到目标电芯后，根据所有目标电芯的电流-电压拟合参数，即能够计算得到目标电芯所在电池包的阻抗参数。
此外，不同阻抗参数是在不同工况下记录的，因此基于前述获得的电池包中各个电芯的温度和荷电状态，也能得到电池包整体的目标温度和目标荷电状态。
在本实施例中，通过电芯的实际电流和实际电压，处理计算得到电流-电压拟合参数以及拟合优度，并最终选择出拟合优度高的目标电芯的电流-电压拟合参数、温度和荷电状态实现了电池包整体各项数据的计算，为后续换电时的阻抗参数的获取提供了有利依据。该利用拟合优度选择目标电芯的过程，使得最终计算得到的阻抗参数更能够真实评估电池包的内阻，提高了数据准确度。
参看图6，基于上述实施例，提出本申请换电方法的再一实施例的流程示意图。在本实施例中，获取电池包的工况数据的过程可以包括：
S610，获取电池包中多个电芯在不同时段的实际电流。
S620，将电芯的实际电流呈现单向趋势变化的时段作为目标时段。
S630，获取目标时段内的多个电芯的实际电压、实际电流、温度和荷电状态。
在本实施例中，针对工况数据限定了目标时段为实际电流呈现单向趋势变化的时段，该单向趋势变化可以是单调递增趋势，可以是单调递减趋势。该目标时段的实际电流和电压存在较强的线性关系，其拟合参数更贴近电芯真实的阻抗水平。
参看图7，基于上述实施例提出本申请换电方法的再一实施例，在该实施例中，对多个电芯在目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行处理，得到多个电芯在目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数和拟合优度的过程可以包括：
S710，分别对多个电芯在目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行线性拟合，得到多个电芯在目标时段的线性拟合函数，线性拟合函数的斜率为电流-电压拟合参数。
S720，将多个电芯在目标时段的实际电流对应代入多个电芯在目标时段的线性拟合函数中进行计算，得到多个电芯在不同目标时段的拟合电压。
S730，根据多个电芯在目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压，计算多个电芯在目标时段的拟合优度。
本实施例通过线性拟合得到了电流-电压拟合参数，并基于线性拟合的结果(即线性拟合函数)和实际电压数据得到了目标时段下多个电芯分别对应的拟合优度。
需要说明的是，由于选择的目标时段是电流呈现单向变化趋势的时段，在此种工况下的电流-电压变化可以呈现较好的线性或者趋近于线性变化，因此可以通过线性拟合，得到线性拟合函数。而该线性拟合函数的斜率即是电流和电压的关系，因此可以以线性拟合函数的斜率作为评估电芯内阻的参数。
示例性地，假设T0至Tn时间段内，单个电芯的实际电流呈现单调递增，则可以对T0至Tn时间段内单个电芯的实际电流和实际电压数据进行拟合，该拟合关系满足U＝k*I+b，其中U为拟合电压，I为实际电流，b为常数，k为斜率，即电流-电压拟合参数。
另一方面，得到的电流-电压拟合参数是否能够评估电芯的实际内阻情况，关系到后续电池包阻抗参数的误差程度，因此可以通过拟合优度进行评估。可以是将目标时段内的若干实际电流代入线性拟合函数中，得到拟合电压，结合实际电压，得到的拟合电压与实际电压之间的偏离程度即是拟合优度，由此可以选择得到准确的电流-电压拟合参数。
在本实施例中，给出了处理得到拟合优度以及电流-电压拟合参数的过程，为选择出合适的目标电芯和计算电池包的阻抗参数提供了数据基础。
基于前述实施例，提出本申请换电方法的再一实施例，在该实施例中，根据多个电芯在目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压，计算多个电芯在目标时段的拟合优度，可以包括：
分别将多个电芯在目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压代入以下公式，得到多个电芯在目标时段的拟合优度，
R 2＝∑(U n,1-U mean) 2/∑(U n,2-U mean) 2
其中，U n,1为电芯n在目标时段的拟合电压，U n,2为电芯n在目标时段的实际电压，U mean为在目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压的均值，R 2为电芯n在目标时段的拟合优度。
需要说明的是，拟合优度可以使用相关系数进行度量，该相关系数是能够衡量两变量间线性相关关系的统计指标，通过多个电芯间的实际电流与实际电压的相关系数计算，能够很好地评估实际电流和实际电压之间的线性相关程度，因此该拟合优度能够很好地表征工况中电流和电压的线性相关程度。
上述利用目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压进行运算时，可以先求出目标时段所对应的拟合电压和实际电压的均值，然后将目标时段的均值、拟合电压和实际电压代入上述公式中，以求解得到目标时段电芯的拟合优度。
当然，其他实施例中，也可以通过其他能够表征匹配程度的度量实现拟合优度的计算，例如标准差、方差等。
基于前述实施例提出本申请换电方法的再一实施例，在本实施例中，根据目标电芯在目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数、温度和荷电状态，对应计算目标电芯所在的电池包的阻抗参数以及该阻抗参数对应的目标温度和目标荷电状态的过程可以包括：
计算电池包中多个目标电芯在同一目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数的第一均值，第一均值为目标电芯所在的电池包的阻抗参数。
计算电池包中多个目标电芯在同一目标时段的温度的第二均值，第二均值为目标电芯所在的电池包的目标温度。
计算电池包中多个目标电芯在同一目标时段内的荷电状态的第三均值，第三均值为目标电芯所在的电池包的目标荷电状态。
需要说明的是，上述目标温度、阻抗参数以及目标荷电状态的计算顺序可以同时进行，也可以先后执行，在先后执行时其执行顺序可以根据实际需要进行调整。
在本实施例中，通过多个目标电芯在同一目标时段的数据均值来衡量整个电池包在该目标时段的数据，能够评估电池包中电芯整体的运行情况，符合实际数据要 求。在其他实施例中，也可以不计算均值，转而采用中位数或者众数等衡量整个电池包在目标时段内的数据。
基于上述实施例，提出本申请换电方法的再一实施例，在该实施例中，多个备选电池包可以位于换电站内，参考电池包可以为换电站中除备选电池包以外的至少一个电池包，或者，参考电池包可以为待换电设备中除待换电电池包以外的其他电池包。
本实施例给出了两种不同的参考电池包的匹配场景，其一可以是当待换电设备(即用电设备)内所有电池包均需要实现换电时，可以从换电站中选择至少一个电池包作为参考电池包，然后依据该参考电池包的第一参数，遍历换电站中的多个备选电池包的第二参数，计算得到参考电池包与多个电池包之间的阻抗差异，最终依据阻抗差异选择阻抗差异小的目标电池包。
需要说明的是，由于该目标电池包是依据阻抗差异选择得到，因此其与参考电池包的阻抗差异小，最终换电后的电池包的一致性好，内阻差异度小，因此能够减少运行时引起的环流过流风险。
另一种场景即是原本待换电设备内由于部分电池包故障，或者部分电池包出现电量损失较多等情况，可以将待换电设备中的部分电池包进行换电。此时参考电池包即是待换电设备中无需进行换电的电池包。
在本实施例中，给出了参考电池包不同的设定场景，为准确选择目标电池包，防止待换电设备的环流过流风险提供了场景支持。
可以理解的是，不同的参考电池包匹配场景，使得最终选择的目标电池包的个数不一致，但用电设备所使用的电池包上限是固定的，因此可以据此选择不同数量的目标电池包。
即当参考电池包为待换电设备中除待换电电池包以外的其他电池包时，M可以为待换电电池包的数量。当参考电池包为换电站中除备选电池包以外的至少一个电池包时，参考电池包的数量与M的和可以等于待换电电池包的数量。由此依据不同换电场景，找到了合适数量的目标电池包，实现了精准选择。
上述图1至图7详细描述了本申请换电方法的实施例，后续对本申请的换电装置进行说明。
参看图8，在本申请换电系统的一实施例中，该换电系统可以包括：
第一获取模块810，可以用于获取电池包的阻抗参数，电池包包括参考电池包和多个备选电池包。
第二获取模块820，可以用于根据阻抗参数，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异.
选择模块830，可以用于根据阻抗差异，选择M个目标电池包，M为正整数， 备选电池包包括目标电池包。
设置模块840，可以用于将目标电池包和参考电池包作为换电后的电池包。
基于上述实施例，在本申请换电系统的另一实施例中，第一获取模块810，可以用于获取第一参数和多个第二参数，第一参数为参考电池包在目标温度和目标荷电状态下的阻抗参数，第二参数为备选电池包在目标温度和目标荷电状态下的阻抗参数。
基于上述实施例，在本申请换电系统的又一实施例中，第二获取模块820，可以包括：
第一计算单元821，可以用于计算在不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下第一参数分别和多个第二参数间的参数偏差值
第一获取单元822，可以用于根据不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下第一参数分别和多个第二参数间的参数偏差值，获取参考电池包与多个备选电池包之间的阻抗差异。
基于上述实施例，在本申请换电系统的再一实施例中，获取单元822可以用于对多个第二参数分别与第一参数在所有目标荷电状态和所有目标温度下的参数偏差进行数值运算，得到多个阻抗差异，多个阻抗差异与多个备选电池包对应，数值运算为平方和运算、均值运算或者最大值运算。
基于上述实施例，在本申请换电系统的再一实施例中，目标电池包可以为与参考电池包间的阻抗差异最小的N个备选电池包中的M个，N大于等于M。
请继续参看图8，基于上述实施例，在本申请换电系统的再一实施例中，该换电系统还可以包括：
第三获取模块850，可以用于获取电池包的工况数据，工况数据包括电池包中多个电芯在目标时段的温度、荷电状态、实际电流以及实际电压；
处理模块860，可以用于分别对多个电芯在目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行处理，得到多个电芯在目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数和拟合优度，拟合优度表征电芯在目标时段的实际电流和实际电压的线性相关程度，以及电芯在目标时段的拟合电压与实际电压的偏差程度。
筛选模块870，可以用于从多个电芯中筛选出拟合优度大于预设阈值的电芯作为目标电芯。
计算模块880，可以用于根据目标电芯在目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数、温度和荷电状态，对应计算目标电芯所在的电池包的阻抗参数以及该阻抗参数对应的目标温度和目标荷电状态。
请继续参看图8，基于上述实施例，提出本申请换电系统的再一实施例，在本 实施例中，第三获取模块850可以包括：
第二获取单元851，可以用于获取电池包中多个电芯在不同时段的实际电流。
设置单元852，可以用于将电芯的实际电流呈现单向趋势变化的时段作为目标时段。
第三获取单元853，可以用于获取目标时段内的多个电芯的实际电压、温度和荷电状态。
请继续参看图8，基于上述实施例，提出本申请换电系统的再一实施例，在本实施例中，处理模块860可以包括：
拟合单元861，可以用于分别对多个电芯在目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行线性拟合，得到多个电芯在目标时段的线性拟合函数，线性拟合函数的斜率为电流-电压拟合参数。
第二计算单元862，可以用于将多个电芯在目标时段的实际电流对应代入多个电芯在目标时段的线性拟合函数中进行计算，得到多个电芯在不同目标时段的拟合电压；根据多个电芯在目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压，计算多个电芯在目标时段的拟合优度。
基于上述实施例，提出本申请换电系统的再一实施例，在本实施例中，第二计算单元862还可以分别将多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压代入以下公式，得到多个电芯在所述目标时段的拟合优度，
R 2＝∑(U n,1-U mean) 2/∑(U n,2-U mean) 2
其中，U n,1为电芯n在目标时段的拟合电压，U n,2为电芯n在目标时段的实际电压，U mean为在目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压的均值，R 2为电芯n在目标时段的所述拟合优度。
基于上述实施例，提出本申请换电系统的再一实施例，在本实施例中，第二计算单元862，还可以用于计算电池包中多个目标电芯在同一目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数的第一均值，第一均值为目标电芯所在的电池包的阻抗参数；计算电池包中多个目标电芯在同一目标时段的温度的第二均值，第二均值为目标电芯所在的电池包的目标温度；计算电池包中多个目标电芯在同一目标时段内的荷电状态的第三均值，第三均值为目标电芯所在的电池包的目标荷电状态。
基于上述实施例，提出本申请换电系统的再一实施例，在本实施例中，多个备选电池包位于换电站内，参考电池包为换电站中除备选电池包以外的至少一个电池包，或者，待换电设备中除待换电电池包以外的其他电池包。
基于上述实施例，提出本申请换电系统的再一实施例，在本实施例中，当参考电池包为待换电设备中除待换电电池包以外的其他电池包时，M为待换电电池包的数量；当参考电池包为换电站中除备选电池包以外的至少一个电池包时，参考电池包的 数量与M的和等于待换电电池包的数量。
图9示出了本申请实施例提供的换电装置的硬件结构示意图。该换电装置可以包括处理器901以及存储有计算机程序指令的存储器902。
具体地，上述处理器901可以包括中央处理器(CPU)，或者特定集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)，或者可以被配置成实施本申请实施例的一个或多个集成电路。
存储器902可以包括用于数据或指令的大容量存储器。举例来说而非限制，存储器902可包括硬盘驱动器(Hard Disk Drive，HDD)、软盘驱动器、闪存、光盘、磁光盘、磁带或通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)驱动器或者两个或更多个以上这些的组合。在合适的情况下，存储器902可包括可移除或不可移除(或固定)的介质。在合适的情况下，存储器902可在综合网关容灾设备的内部或外部。在特定实施例中，存储器902是非易失性固态存储器。
在特定实施例中，存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)，随机存取存储器(RAM)，磁盘存储介质设备，光存储介质设备，闪存设备，电气、光学或其他物理/有形的存储器存储设备。因此，通常，存储器包括一个或多个编码有包括计算机可执行指令的软件的有形(非暂态)计算机可读存储介质(例如，存储器设备)，并且当该软件被执行(例如，由一个或多个处理器)时，其可操作来执行参考根据本公开的一方面的方法所描述的操作。
处理器901通过读取并执行存储器902中存储的计算机程序指令，以实现上述实施例中的任意一种换电方法。
在一个示例中，换电装置还可包括通信接口903和总线909。其中，如图9所示，处理器901、存储器902、通信接口903通过总线909连接并完成相互间的通信。
通信接口903，主要用于实现本申请实施例中各模块、装置、单元和/或设备之间的通信。
总线909包括硬件、软件或两者，将图片处理设备的部件彼此耦接在一起。举例来说而非限制，总线可包括加速图形端口(AGP)或其他图形总线、增强工业标准架构(EISA)总线、前端总线(FSB)、超传输(HT)互连、工业标准架构(ISA)总线、无限带宽互连、低引脚数(LPC)总线、存储器总线、微信道架构(MCA)总线、外围组件互连(PCI)总线、PCI-Express(PCI-X)总线、串行高级技术附件(SATA)总线、视频电子标准协会局部(VLB)总线或其他合适的总线或者两个或更多个以上这些的组合。在合适的情况下，总线909可包括一个或多个总线。尽管本申请实施例描述和示出了特定的总线，但本申请考虑任何合适的总线或互连。
该换电装置可以执行本申请实施例中的换电方法，从而实现结合上述实施例描述的换电方法。
另外，结合上述实施例中的换电方法，本申请实施例可提供一种计算机存储介质来实现。该计算机存储介质上存储有计算机程序指令；该计算机程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述实施例中的任意一种换电方法。
另外，本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时可实现前述方法实施例的步骤及相应内容。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种换电方法，所述方法包括：
    获取电池包的阻抗参数，所述电池包包括参考电池包和多个备选电池包；
    根据所述阻抗参数，获取所述参考电池包与多个所述备选电池包之间的阻抗差异；
    根据所述阻抗差异，选择M个目标电池包，M为正整数，所述备选电池包包括所述目标电池包；
    将所述目标电池包和所述参考电池包作为换电后的电池包。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换电方法，其中，所述获取电池包的阻抗参数包括：
    获取第一参数和多个第二参数，所述第一参数为所述参考电池包在目标温度和目标荷电状态下的阻抗参数，所述第二参数为所述备选电池包在所述目标温度和所述目标荷电状态下的阻抗参数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的换电方法，其中，所述根据所述阻抗参数，获取所述参考电池包与多个所述备选电池包之间的阻抗差异，包括：
    计算在不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下所述第一参数分别和多个所述第二参数间的参数偏差值；
    根据不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下所述第一参数分别和多个所述第二参数间的参数偏差值，获取所述参考电池包与多个所述备选电池包之间的阻抗差异。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的换电方法，其中，所述根据不同目标温度和不同目标荷电状态下所述第一参数分别和多个所述第二参数间的参数偏差值，获取所述参考电池包与多个所述备选电池包之间的阻抗差异，包括：
    对多个所述第二参数分别与所述第一参数在所有目标荷电状态和所有目标温度下的参数偏差进行数值运算，得到多个阻抗差异，多个所述阻抗差异与多个备选电池包对应，所述数值运算为平方和运算、均值运算或者最大值运算。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的换电方法，其中，所述目标电池包为与所述参考电池包间的所述阻抗差异最小的N个备选电池包中的M个，N大于等于M。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的换电方法，其中，所述获取电池包的阻抗参数之前，所述方法还包括：
    获取所述电池包的工况数据，所述工况数据包括所述电池包中多个电芯在目标时段的温度、荷电状态、实际电流以及实际电压；
    分别对多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行处理，得到多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数和拟合优度，所述拟合优度表征所述电芯在所述目标时段的实际电流和实际电压的线性相关程度，以及所述电芯在所述目标时段的拟合电压与实际电压的偏差程度；
    从多个所述电芯中筛选出拟合优度大于预设阈值的电芯作为目标电芯；
    根据所述目标电芯在所述目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数、温度和荷电状态，对应计算所述目标电芯所在的电池包的阻抗参数以及该阻抗参数对应的目标温度和目标荷电状态。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的换电方法，其中，所述获取所述电池包的工况数据，包括：
    获取所述电池包中多个所述电芯在不同时段的实际电流；
    将电芯的实际电流呈现单向趋势变化的时段作为目标时段；
    获取所述目标时段内的多个电芯的实际电压、温度和荷电状态。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的换电方法，其中，所述分别对多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行处理，得到多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数和拟合优度，包括：
    分别对多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的实际电压和实际电流进行线性拟合，得到多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的线性拟合函数，所述线性拟合函数的斜率为所述电流-电压拟合参数；
    将多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的实际电流对应代入多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的线性拟合函数中进行计算，得到多个所述电芯在不同目标时段的拟合电压；
    根据多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压，计算多个电芯在所述目标时段的拟合优度。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的换电方法，其中，所述根据多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压，计算多个电芯在所述目标时段的拟合优度，包括：
    分别将多个所述电芯在所述目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压代入以下公式，得到多个电芯在所述目标时段的拟合优度，
    R 2＝Σ(U n,1-U mean) 2/Σ(U n,2-U mean) 2
    其中，U n,1为电芯n在目标时段的拟合电压，U n,2为电芯n在目标时段的实际电压，U mean为在目标时段的拟合电压和实际电压的均值，R 2为电芯n在目标时段的所述拟合优度。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的换电方法，其中，所述根据所述目标电芯在所述目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数、温度和荷电状态，对应计算所述目标电芯所在的电池包的阻抗参数以及该阻抗参数对应的目标温度和目标荷电状态，包括：
    计算所述电池包中多个所述目标电芯在同一目标时段的电流-电压拟合参数的第一均值，所述第一均值为所述目标电芯所在的电池包的阻抗参数；
    计算所述电池包中多个所述目标电芯在同一目标时段的温度的第二均值，所述第二均值为所述目标电芯所在的电池包的目标温度；
    计算所述电池包中多个所述目标电芯在同一目标时段内的荷电状态的第三均值，所述第三均值为所述目标电芯所在的电池包的目标荷电状态。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的换电方法，其中，多个所述备选电池包位于换电站内，所述参考电池包为所述换电站中除所述备选电池包以外的至少一个电池包，或者，待换电设备中除待换电电池包以外的其他电池包。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的换电方法，其中，当所述参考电池包为所述待换电设备中除待换电电池包以外的其他电池包时，所述M为所述待换电电池包的数量；
    当所述参考电池包为所述换电站中除所述备选电池包以外的至少一个电池包时，所述参考电池包的数量与所述M的和等于所述待换电电池包的数量。
  13. 一种换电系统，所述换电系统包括：
    第一获取模块，用于获取电池包的阻抗参数，所述电池包包括参考电池包和多个备选电池包；
    第二获取模块，用于根据所述阻抗参数，获取所述参考电池包与多个所述备选电池包之间的阻抗差异；
    选择模块，用于根据所述阻抗差异，选择M个目标电池包，M为正整数，所述备选电池包包括所述目标电池包；
    设置模块，用于将所述目标电池包和所述参考电池包作为换电后的电池包。
  14. 一种换电装置，包括处理器，存储器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器 上运行的程序或指令，所述程序或指令被所述处理器执行时实现如权利要求1～12任一项所述的换电方法的步骤。
  15. 一种换电装置，被配置为用于执行1～12任一项所述的换电方法的步骤。
  16. 一种可读存储介质，所述可读存储介质上存储程序或指令，所述程序或指令被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1～12任一项所述的换电方法的步骤。
  17. 一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品可被处理器执行以实现如权利要求1～12中任一项所述的换电方法的步骤。
PCT/CN2022/093435 2022-05-18 2022-05-18 换电方法、系统、装置、存储介质和计算机程序产品 WO2023220949A1 (zh)

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