WO2023219316A1 - Dispositif et procédé de détermination de la détérioration d'une machine-outil par mesure de caractéristiques dynamiques - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de détermination de la détérioration d'une machine-outil par mesure de caractéristiques dynamiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023219316A1
WO2023219316A1 PCT/KR2023/005940 KR2023005940W WO2023219316A1 WO 2023219316 A1 WO2023219316 A1 WO 2023219316A1 KR 2023005940 W KR2023005940 W KR 2023005940W WO 2023219316 A1 WO2023219316 A1 WO 2023219316A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
machine tool
aging
acceleration sensor
peak value
dynamic characteristics
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PCT/KR2023/005940
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
이세원
Original Assignee
주식회사 디엔솔루션즈
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Publication of WO2023219316A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023219316A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
    • G01M7/022—Vibration control arrangements, e.g. for generating random vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
    • B23Q17/0971—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring mechanical vibrations of parts of the machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0995—Tool life management
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
    • B23Q5/10—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles driven essentially by electrical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/12—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of longitudinal or not specified vibrations
    • G01H1/14—Frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
    • G01M7/025—Measuring arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
    • G05B19/4065—Monitoring tool breakage, life or condition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and method for determining the aging of a machine tool through measuring the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool. More specifically, the present invention relates to a device and method for determining the aging of a machine tool by measuring the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool by excluding external excitation devices and using the excitation function of the machine tool itself. It relates to a device and method for determining aging.
  • Machine tools are made up of complex structures, and these structures deteriorate as the machine tools age.
  • the aging of machine tools causes a decrease in the precision of the workpieces processed through the machine tools, eventually reaching the point where the machine tools must be discarded.
  • the method of measuring dynamic characteristics to determine the degree of deterioration of a machine tool so far involves a worker hitting a specific part of the machine tool with a hammer, collecting the vibration generated at this time using a vibration sensor or accelerometer, and analyzing it. Through this, the dynamic characteristics of machine tools have been identified.
  • this conventional method of measuring dynamic characteristics uses a separate device, a hammer to apply an impact to the machine tool, an acceleration sensor to measure the vibration characteristics when the impact is applied, and an analysis device to acquire and analyze the vibration signal through the sensor.
  • a monitor that outputs analysis results must be provided.
  • Patent Document 1 which is introduced as a prior art, is a dynamic characteristics measurement system for a high-speed spindle.
  • a first capacitance displacement sensor that measures the displacement of the spindle against external force is installed on the outer diameter of the spindle tool end, and the workpiece facing the spindle tool end is installed.
  • a non-contact magnetic exciter with a built-in displacement sensor is installed that combines with the tool dynamometer to excite the main shaft and simultaneously measures the displacement of the master cylinder connected to the main shaft.
  • Patent Document 2 introduces a dynamic characteristic measuring device for axial bearings that excites a rotating body in the axial direction and measures the dynamic characteristics of the axial bearing by measuring the response when constructing an excitation device using an electromagnet. .
  • Patent Document 2 also relates to an excitation device installed separately to measure the dynamic characteristics of an axial bearing, which is a measurement object, and still retains the problems of the prior art introduced above.
  • Patent Document 1 Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2006-0071201
  • Patent Document 2 Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0009021
  • the purpose of the present invention to solve the above problems is to measure the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool to evaluate the aging of the machine tool, by using the internal device of the machine tool without a separate excitation device installed from the outside.
  • the purpose is to present a device and method for automatic measurement.
  • the aging determination device of the present invention through measuring the dynamic characteristics of machine tools
  • An acceleration sensor 40 attached to a machine tool and measuring the excited acceleration response of the machine tool
  • a signal acquisition module (11) that acquires an acceleration signal due to vibration of the machine tool from the acceleration sensor (40),
  • a signal analysis module (12) that calculates and analyzes the signal of the acceleration sensor (40) acquired through the signal acquisition module (11),
  • An output unit 14 that outputs the results analyzed through the signal analysis module 12,
  • a communication module (13) that transmits commands to the machine tool and communicates with the acceleration sensor (40) to receive signals from the acceleration sensor (40),
  • a controller 20 of the machine tool that commands an operation from a predetermined minimum frequency to a specific frequency range according to a command from the communication module 13,
  • It includes a machine tool driving unit 30 that drives and excites the actuator from a predetermined minimum frequency to a specific frequency range in accordance with a command from the machine tool controller 20.
  • the acceleration sensor 40 of the device for determining aging by measuring the dynamic characteristics of a machine tool according to the present invention is attached to the machine tool spindle.
  • the actuator of the device for determining aging by measuring the dynamic characteristics of a machine tool according to the present invention is a spindle motor that constitutes the rotation axis system of the machine tool.
  • the signal analysis module 12 of the device for determining aging by measuring the dynamic characteristics of a machine tool of the present invention performs FFT analysis on the signal of the acceleration sensor 40 collected through the signal acquisition module 11.
  • the output unit 14 is characterized in that it visually outputs the measurement peak values according to the analysis results.
  • the excitation step (S10) of the method for determining aging by measuring the dynamic characteristics of a machine tool of the present invention is characterized by being performed through a sine sweep operation of the spindle motor of the machine tool.
  • the aging determination step (S40) of the aging determination method through measuring the dynamic characteristics of a machine tool of the present invention compares the peak values, and if the peak values change continuously, it is determined that the machine tool has progressed to aging. , If the peak values do not change within a predetermined range, it is determined that the machine tool is not deteriorated.
  • the aging determination step (S40) of the aging determination method through measuring the dynamic characteristics of a machine tool of the present invention compares peak values, and as a result, the peak value generated in the analysis step (S20) is determined in the diagnostic information storage step ( If it is greater than the previous peak value stored in S30) within a predetermined range, it is determined that the machine tool has deteriorated, and the peak value generated in the analysis step (S20) is the previous peak value stored in the diagnostic information storage step (S30). If it is less than the peak value of or is the same within a predetermined range, the machine tool is determined to be not deteriorated.
  • the aging determination step (S40) of the aging determination method through measuring the dynamic characteristics of a machine tool of the present invention is characterized by outputting the previous peak value stored in the diagnostic information storage step (S30) as a graph.
  • the present invention is a dynamic characteristics measurement device for machine tools by internalizing the dynamic characteristics measurement device including an excitation device to evaluate the aging of the machine tool so that it can be automatically measured using a device inside the machine tool, rather than installing it separately from the outside. It eliminates the inconvenience and waste of costs associated with installing a machine tool, furthermore, it solves the problem of inaccuracy or consistency in manual measurement results, and increases the reliability of the measurement results, thereby benefiting the maintenance and life management of machine tools.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic dynamic characteristic measurement system for a machine tool as an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an embodiment of the present invention and is a flow chart for determining the aging of a machine tool through measuring the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool.
  • Figure 3 is an embodiment of the present invention, a sine sweep operation graph of the driving part when measuring the dynamic characteristics of a machine tool.
  • Figure 4 is a graph illustrating the excitation amplitude peak analyzed through FFT (fast Fourier transform) operation as an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • the frequency band (peak value) in which the amplitude value appears large in the FFT results of a specific system can be said to be the unique frequency band of that system, which indicates the dynamic characteristics of the system. If this analysis is performed regularly within the scope of the system's life cycle, changes in the dynamic characteristics of the system can be confirmed. This is a change in dynamic characteristics due to system aging, which can be said to be an indirect indicator of the degree of system aging.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic dynamic characteristic measurement system for a machine tool as an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an embodiment of the present invention and is a flow chart for determining the aging of a machine tool through measuring the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool.
  • Figure 3 is an embodiment of the present invention, a sine sweep operation graph of the driving unit 30 when measuring the dynamic characteristics of a machine tool.
  • Figure 4 is a graph illustrating the excitation amplitude peak analyzed through FFT (fast Fourier transform) operation as an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • the system configuration for measuring the dynamic characteristics of a machine tool includes a signal acquisition module 11 that acquires an acceleration signal due to vibration of the machine tool from an acceleration sensor 40, and the signal acquisition module 11 ), a signal analysis module 12 that calculates and analyzes the signal of the acceleration sensor 40 acquired through ), an output unit 14 that outputs the analysis result through the signal analysis module 12, and a machine tool. It includes an edge device 10 arranged on a board with a communication module 13 that transmits excitation commands and communicates with an acceleration sensor 40 installed in a machine tool to receive signals from the acceleration sensor 40.
  • the system for measuring the dynamic characteristics of a machine tool includes a controller 20 of the machine tool that commands the machine tool to operate from a predetermined minimum frequency (1 Hz) to a specific frequency range according to the command of the communication module 13, According to the command of the machine tool controller 20, a driving unit 30 of the machine tool that drives the actuator from the predetermined minimum frequency (1 Hz) to a target specific frequency range is attached to the machine tool spindle and the machine tool It includes an acceleration sensor 40 that measures the acceleration response of the machine tool spindle excited by the drive unit 30 and transmits the measured result to the communication module 13 of the edge device 10.
  • the actuator that constitutes the drive unit 30 of the machine tool may be a spindle motor that typically constitutes the rotation axis system of the machine tool.
  • the signal acquisition module 11 is a module that converts and acquires the output signal of the acceleration sensor 40 in the form of an analog signal into a digital signal
  • the signal analysis module 12 is the signal acquisition module 11. FFT (fast Fourier transform) analysis is performed on the signals of the acceleration sensor 40 collected through the FFT.
  • the output unit 14 visually outputs measurement peak values so that they can be determined according to the results analyzed by the signal analysis module 12.
  • the acceleration sensor 40 may be attached to the body of the machine tool in addition to the spindle, and may be attached in more than one number.
  • Figure 2 is an embodiment of the present invention and is a flow chart for determining the aging of a machine tool through measuring the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool.
  • the machine tool drive unit 30 receives a command from the machine tool controller 20 and performs an excitation step (S10) in which the spindle of the machine tool is repeatedly excited to a specific frequency range from a predetermined minimum frequency (from 1 Hz).
  • the excitation step (S10) is performed through a sine sweep operation of a spindle motor, a type of servomotor that constitutes the rotation axis system of a machine tool. As shown in FIG. 3, the between-sweep operation has a vibration waveform characteristic in which the amplitude period changes over time and converges to zero.
  • the excitation step (S10) the result of excitation by the machine tool driving unit 30 is measured by the acceleration sensor 40, and the measured time series acceleration data is converted into frequency series acceleration data through FFT operation to determine the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool.
  • An analysis step (S20) is performed to output peak values in the form of a graph shown in FIG. 4.
  • a diagnostic information storage step (S30) is performed in which the peak values analyzed in the analysis step (S20) are stored in a database along with time information such as the measurement date for comparison with peak values measured later.
  • the output unit 14 compares the peak value generated in the analysis step (S20) with the previous peak value stored in the diagnostic information storage step (S30), and depending on the degree of change in the peak value as a result of the comparison, An obsolescence determination step (S40) is performed to determine whether the machine tool is obsolete.
  • the peak values are continuously If there is a change, it is determined that the machine tool is deteriorating, and if the peak values do not change within a predetermined range, it is determined that the machine tool is not deteriorated.
  • the aging determination step (S40) is performed when the peak value generated in the analysis step (S20) is greater than the previous peak value stored in the diagnostic information storage step (S30) within a predetermined range. If it is determined that aging has progressed, and the peak value generated in the analysis step (S20) is smaller than the previous peak value stored in the diagnostic information storage step (S30) or is the same within a predetermined range, the machine tool is not deteriorated. It is judged that it is not.
  • the operator may judge the previous peak value stored in the diagnostic information storage step (S30) using a graph output through the output unit 14 as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the present invention does not install a separate dynamic characteristic measuring device including an excitation device from the outside to evaluate the deterioration of the machine tool, but automatically measures it by internalizing it using a device inside the machine tool.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Par excitation répétée d'une broche d'une machine-outil dans une plage de fréquence prédéterminée, mesure d'un résultat de l'excitation à l'aide d'un capteur d'accélération et fourniture en sortie de valeurs crêtes représentant des caractéristiques dynamiques par l'intermédiaire d'une opération de FFT, et comparaison des valeurs crêtes et détermination que la machine-outil s'est détériorée en fonction du degré de changement des valeurs crêtes, une mesure automatique à l'aide d'un dispositif à l'intérieur de la machine-outil, sans installer séparément un dispositif de mesure de caractéristique dynamique comprenant un dispositif d'excitation depuis l'extérieur, afin d'évaluer le degré de détérioration de la machine-outil, est possible, et par conséquent, l'inconvénient et le gaspillage de coûts associés à l'installation d'un dispositif de mesure de caractéristique dynamique dans la machine-outil sont éliminés, et en outre, les problèmes d'imprécision ou d'incohérence de résultats de mesure manuelle sont résolus, et la fiabilité des résultats de mesure est augmentée, ce qui est avantageux en matière de gestion d'entretien et de gestion de durée de vie de machine-outil.
PCT/KR2023/005940 2022-05-11 2023-05-02 Dispositif et procédé de détermination de la détérioration d'une machine-outil par mesure de caractéristiques dynamiques WO2023219316A1 (fr)

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KR10-2022-0057903 2022-05-11
KR1020220057903A KR20230158308A (ko) 2022-05-11 2022-05-11 공작기계의 동특성 측정을 통한 노후화 판단 장치 및 판단 방법

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100674683B1 (ko) * 2004-12-21 2007-01-25 (주)캠시스 고속주축의 동특성 측정 시스템
JP2016224695A (ja) * 2015-05-29 2016-12-28 オークマ株式会社 工作機械の振動情報表示装置
KR20190000815A (ko) * 2017-06-23 2019-01-03 퓨처메인 주식회사 진동 특성 분석을 이용한 공구 수명 예측 방법
JP2021047617A (ja) * 2019-09-18 2021-03-25 ファナック株式会社 診断装置および診断方法
KR20210065581A (ko) * 2019-11-27 2021-06-04 현대위아 주식회사 공작기계 이상상태 모니터링 시스템 및 방법

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101713892B1 (ko) 2015-07-15 2017-03-09 한국기계연구원 축방향 베어링의 동특성 측정장치 및 측정방법

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100674683B1 (ko) * 2004-12-21 2007-01-25 (주)캠시스 고속주축의 동특성 측정 시스템
JP2016224695A (ja) * 2015-05-29 2016-12-28 オークマ株式会社 工作機械の振動情報表示装置
KR20190000815A (ko) * 2017-06-23 2019-01-03 퓨처메인 주식회사 진동 특성 분석을 이용한 공구 수명 예측 방법
JP2021047617A (ja) * 2019-09-18 2021-03-25 ファナック株式会社 診断装置および診断方法
KR20210065581A (ko) * 2019-11-27 2021-06-04 현대위아 주식회사 공작기계 이상상태 모니터링 시스템 및 방법

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