WO2023216451A1 - 一种超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法 - Google Patents

一种超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法 Download PDF

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WO2023216451A1
WO2023216451A1 PCT/CN2022/113169 CN2022113169W WO2023216451A1 WO 2023216451 A1 WO2023216451 A1 WO 2023216451A1 CN 2022113169 W CN2022113169 W CN 2022113169W WO 2023216451 A1 WO2023216451 A1 WO 2023216451A1
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hypergravity
centrifuge
influence coefficient
centrifugal acceleration
centrifugal
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汪玉冰
林葵庚
蒋建群
郑建靖
凌道盛
陈云敏
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
    • G01M1/14—Determining imbalance
    • G01M1/16—Determining imbalance by oscillating or rotating the body to be tested
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
    • G01M1/14—Determining imbalance
    • G01M1/16—Determining imbalance by oscillating or rotating the body to be tested
    • G01M1/22—Determining imbalance by oscillating or rotating the body to be tested and converting vibrations due to imbalance into electric variables

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  • the invention belongs to a monitoring method in the field of hypergravity centrifuge operation control and safety assessment, and in particular relates to a hypergravity centrifuge motorized balance imbalance quantity monitoring method and safety assessment method.
  • the unbalanced force generated by the high-speed rotation of rotating machinery under the action of unbalanced mass is the main source of mechanical vibration.
  • the shafting failure caused by vibration affects the safe operation of the supergravity centrifuge.
  • the hypergravity centrifuge As an arm-type rotating machine, the hypergravity centrifuge has the characteristics of high centrifugal acceleration, large centrifugal acceleration, and high vibration control requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately identify the unbalanced mass of the hypergravity centrifuge under different operating conditions and evaluate its performance in different operating conditions. It is of great significance to balance the safety state under the action of mass.
  • the invention patent application No. CN113932970A discloses a dynamic balancing method for reshaping the vibration shape of a steam turbine rotor.
  • the working principle of this method rotate the steam turbine rotor under preset centrifugal acceleration without test weight and with test weight respectively, measure the vibration amount and calculate the influence coefficient of rotor vibration, use the influence coefficient to calculate the critical balance weight; then remove it Test the counterweight, install the critical counterweight, and evaluate the dynamic balance effect by judging whether reverse phase is achieved under the preset centrifugal acceleration.
  • the invention patent application No. CN112556931A discloses a modal dynamic balancing method of high-speed bearing rotor system based on particle swarm algorithm.
  • the working principle of this method first establish a three-dimensional model of the bearing rotor and import it into ANSYS software for modal analysis to determine the balance front position, and then establish the functional relationship between the unbalance amount and the correction mass that needs to be added based on the balance conditions of the modal balance method. ; Use particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the optimal value of each correction quality.
  • the invention patent application No. CN112729681A discloses a detection method and detection system for rotor on-site dynamic balancing.
  • the working principle of this method collect, analyze and calculate the dynamic balance signals of the rotor in the initial unbalanced state of the rotor, the state after adding a test weight on the left side and the state after adding a test weight on the right side, and obtain the rotor unbalance amount and phase angle;
  • On-site unbalance correction is performed by adding weight or de-weighting on the left and right correction surfaces to meet the rotor dynamic balance requirements.
  • the invention patent application No. CN112720068A discloses an ultra-precision machine tool spindle dynamic balance measurement method.
  • the working principle of this method Construct an electromechanical model of the machine tool's The relationship between the disturbance force of the dynamic unbalance to the feed system, the actual angle of the spindle and the disturbance force of the dynamic imbalance to the X-axis feed system; the multi-turn winding force data are filtered at the same actual angle of the spindle; according to After filtering the data, the maximum value of the disturbance force and the corresponding spindle position are calculated, as well as the minimum value of the disturbance force and the corresponding spindle position, and the spindle dynamic unbalance data is calculated.
  • the existing dynamic balance quantity testing method for establishing a rotor model is based on the small scale and simple structure of the tested rotor system. Therefore, the unbalanced response of the rotor system can be simulated using theoretical models.
  • the hypergravity centrifuge has a large structure, complex operating conditions, and many unknown parameters. It is difficult to obtain the unbalanced response of the hypergravity centrifuge through theoretical calculations. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the unbalanced quality through field test data.
  • the existing dynamic balancing test theories are all based on the single dynamic balancing test data obtained by the tested rotor under a certain working centrifugal acceleration.
  • the hypergravity centrifuge has a variety of working centrifugal accelerations according to different test requirements; when equipped with different test devices, the structure of the rotor also changes accordingly.
  • the current dynamic balancing method for a fixed rotor structure for a single working centrifugal acceleration cannot give the current unbalanced mass under the operating conditions of a hypergravity centrifuge. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a long-term dynamic balance monitoring method for the operating mode of a hypergravity centrifuge. method.
  • the goals of existing dynamic balancing theory and unbalanced mass testing methods are to reduce the unbalanced mass or unbalanced moment of the rotor system.
  • the hypergravity centrifuge When conducting different tests, the hypergravity centrifuge needs to be equipped with different test devices and counterweighted to achieve balance. During its operation, there is often an unbalanced state caused by counterweight accuracy and other reasons, making it difficult to achieve complete balance. Due to the lack of evaluation methods for the unbalanced state of a hypergravity centrifuge during operation in the existing technology, it is difficult to achieve a safe assessment of the unbalanced state of a hypergravity centrifuge. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a hypergravity centrifuge balance based on long-term monitoring of dynamic balance. State assessment methods.
  • the existing technology lacks long-term dynamic balance monitoring methods and imbalance state assessment methods for multi-centrifugal acceleration and multi-working conditions of hypergravity centrifuges.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to propose a long-term monitoring method for hypergravity centrifugal maneuver balance to solve the technical problems in the above-mentioned background technology.
  • the invention provides a method for long-term monitoring of the dynamic balance of a hypergravity centrifuge under multiple centrifugal accelerations and multiple working conditions, which can monitor the unbalanced mass under the current operating state during the operation phase of the hypergravity centrifuge, and obtains information based on the monitoring results.
  • Balance mass assessment of hypergravity centrifuge safety status is provided.
  • Step 1 Under prior circumstances, conduct a vibration response test on the unbalanced mass of the designed and built hypergravity centrifuge to obtain the vibration response characteristics of the hypergravity centrifuge under different centrifugal accelerations;
  • Step 2 Based on the vibration response characteristics under each centrifugal acceleration, calculate the influence coefficient of the unbalanced mass on the vibration response under the centrifugal acceleration.
  • the influence coefficient of different centrifugal accelerations is constructed to include the influence coefficient of the unbalanced mass on the vibration under different centrifugal accelerations.
  • Response impact coefficient table
  • Step 3 During the subsequent long-term monitoring period, the unbalanced mass performance of the hypergravity centrifuge can be judged in real time based on the influence coefficient table.
  • a vibration response measuring point is set, specifically a vibration response measuring point with the same phase is set near the middle guide bearing or the lower guide bearing of the hypergravity centrifuge, and a vibration sensor is arranged at the vibration response measuring point.
  • the vibration response measuring point is a vibration velocity measuring point or a vibration acceleration measuring point, and at the same time, a phase detector is set at a suitable position on the hypergravity centrifuge, and a test weight mass block is placed in a hanging basket on one side of the hypergravity centrifuge as an independent Balance quality.
  • In-phase means that the vibration response measuring points are arranged in the same radial direction.
  • the specific implementation is to install a phase detector at the lower end of the main shaft of the hypergravity centrifuge.
  • the phase detector and the main shaft of the hypergravity centrifuge rotate synchronously.
  • the phase detector is used as a reference signal for the signal collected by the vibration sensor, and the phase of the phase detector is used as a reference. , eliminating the phase interference caused by the synchronous rotation of the main shaft of the hypergravity centrifuge in the signals collected by the vibration sensor.
  • the vibration response test includes centrifugal acceleration working conditions, each centrifugal acceleration working condition contains at least one set of unbalanced masses, and a test weight mass block with a fixed mass is placed under each centrifugal acceleration.
  • the test weight state is the state of the hypergravity centrifuge after placing an unbalanced mass, including the vibration amplitude of the first-order rotation frequency of the hypergravity centrifuge and the phase difference relative to the phase detector;
  • the no-load state is the state where the hypergravity centrifuge is empty and no unbalanced mass is placed. It includes the vibration amplitude of the first-order rotation frequency of the hypergravity centrifuge and the phase relative to the phase detector. Difference;
  • the third step is specifically:
  • M t is the current unbalanced mass of the hypergravity centrifuge
  • M d is the unbalanced mass that the hypergravity centrifuge is designed to withstand under the current centrifugal acceleration
  • K M represents the safety factor of the unbalanced mass performance of the hypergravity centrifuge
  • M d M/g
  • M is the design unbalanced force bearing capacity, unit t
  • g is the current centrifugal acceleration, unit g.
  • step three the current unbalanced mass Obtained by the following formula:
  • f g ' represents the influence corresponding to the current centrifugal acceleration in the influence coefficient table coefficient.
  • the influence coefficient f g corresponding to the current centrifugal acceleration is obtained according to the following linear interpolation according to the influence coefficient in the influence coefficient table:
  • r 2 is the nearest centrifugal acceleration (unit: rpm) that is greater than the current centrifugal acceleration in the influence coefficient table
  • f g2 is the influence coefficient corresponding to the centrifugal acceleration r 2
  • r 1 is the nearest neighbor that is smaller than the current centrifugal acceleration in the influence coefficient table
  • f g1 is the influence coefficient corresponding to centrifugal acceleration r 1
  • r is the current centrifugal acceleration (unit: rpm).
  • the safety factor is set according to different hypergravity centrifuge performance and safety requirements, for example, it can be set to 2.0.
  • the present invention sets the influence coefficient and then uses the influence coefficient to calculate the real-time unbalanced mass, thereby characterizing the dynamic balance situation of the hypergravity centrifuge.
  • the invention can accurately judge the overall unbalanced mass performance of the hypergravity centrifuge based on the calculated unbalanced mass under the condition of unknown weight load during the monitoring period. Although the calculated unbalanced mass does not accurately represent the unknown weight, it can accurately characterize the overall unbalanced mass performance of the gravity centrifuge.
  • the invention can identify the unbalanced mass of the hypergravity centrifuge under different loads and operating conditions, evaluate the safety performance based on monitoring the unbalanced mass, has strong operability, and reduces the vibration of the hypergravity centrifuge through long-term monitoring of dynamic balance. , Ensure the safe operation of the supergravity centrifuge.
  • the present invention Based on the on-site test data of the hypergravity centrifuge, the present invention obtains accurate unbalanced force response data under different centrifugal accelerations compared with existing technologies and methods, avoiding the modeling and calculation process of complex hypergravity centrifuges, and obtains The influence coefficient of unbalanced mass on vibration response is more real and reliable.
  • the present invention can realize long-term monitoring of the unbalanced mass of multiple hypergravity centrifuges under various operating conditions. Compared with existing technologies and methods, it has the ability to monitor the current unbalanced mass of the hypergravity centrifuge in real time under multiple centrifugal accelerations. , which makes up for the shortcoming that existing methods cannot be applied to multi-working centrifugal acceleration equipment.
  • the present invention provides an evaluation method for the safety status of a hypergravity centrifuge in an unbalanced state. It evaluates the unbalanced force carrying capacity of the hypergravity centrifuge based on the monitored unbalanced mass, and can quantitatively evaluate the hypergravity centrifuge under different operating conditions. Unbalanced safety state ensures the safe operation of the supergravity centrifuge.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the vibration response test sensor of the hypergravity centrifuge according to the embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the mass block for the vibration response test of the hypergravity centrifuge.
  • the vibration response of the hypergravity centrifuge is tested under different unbalanced masses and centrifugal acceleration conditions, and its vibration response under different unbalanced masses and centrifugal accelerations is obtained.
  • a total of two vibration sensors and a phase detector need to be arranged.
  • the vibration sensor can be a speed or acceleration sensor.
  • the layout of the vibration sensor and phase detector is shown in Figure 1.
  • the selection principle of the vibration sensor is whether it can meet the test accuracy requirements. There are differences in the response values measured by the speed sensor and the acceleration sensor. Select a physical quantity that can meet the sensor sensitivity and calculation and analysis accuracy for testing.
  • the vibration response test test group is set up according to the experimental requirements of the hypergravity centrifuge.
  • the commonly used centrifugal acceleration values in the hypergravity centrifuge experiment are 25g, 30g, 50g, 80g, 100g, and 150g, then the vibration response test test group should include The centrifugal acceleration is commonly used above and test groups are added according to needs.
  • Each centrifugal acceleration should include at least two sets of tests without unbalanced mass (unloaded state) and with unbalanced mass (test weight state).
  • the size of the test weight mass needs to be determined based on the carrying capacity of the hypergravity centrifuge and the validity of the vibration sensor data: under low centrifugal acceleration, the unbalanced mass carrying capacity of the hypergravity centrifuge is strong, and the vibration response of the sensor measuring point position is relatively small. Small, in order to ensure accurate vibration response test data, a larger unbalanced mass needs to be set; under high centrifugal acceleration conditions, the unbalanced mass carrying capacity of the hypergravity centrifuge is weak, and the vibration response of the sensor measuring point position is relatively large, so appropriate Reduce the test weight mass to make the vibration response test more accurate.
  • the unbalanced masses are 85kg, 70kg, 63kg, 53kg, 42kg, and 30kg respectively.
  • f T is the rotation frequency of the hypergravity centrifuge (Hz)
  • a is the centrifugal acceleration of the hypergravity centrifuge (m/s 2 )
  • R is the effective rotation radius of the hypergravity centrifuge.
  • the vibration sensors and phase detectors were arranged at the vibration sensor measuring points and phase detector measuring points of the vibration response test, and the vibration sensor and phase detector data were collected.
  • the hypergravity centrifuge query the influence coefficient table of the unbalanced mass on the vibration response under each centrifugal acceleration to obtain the influence coefficient under the current centrifugal acceleration, and use the vibration sensor and phase detector data to calculate the current unbalanced mass.
  • Example results See Table 2.
  • the linear interpolation method is used to calculate the influence coefficient of the unbalanced mass on the vibration response of the adjacent two groups of centrifugal accelerations to calculate the influence of the unbalanced mass on the vibration response under the current centrifugal acceleration. coefficient.
  • the present invention obtains the influence coefficient table of the unbalanced mass on the vibration response under various centrifugal accelerations by testing the vibration response of the hypergravity centrifuge under different conditions of unbalanced mass and centrifugal acceleration. Based on the same measurement point The vibration sensor data enables long-term monitoring of the unbalanced mass of the hypergravity centrifuge during operation. Based on the real-time monitoring of the unbalanced mass of the hypergravity centrifuge, the safety performance of the hypergravity centrifuge under the action of unbalanced force is evaluated to ensure the safe operation of the hypergravity centrifuge.

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Abstract

一种超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法，包括：对超重力离心机设置不平衡质量进行振动响应测试，得到超重力离心机在不同离心加速度下的振动响应特征；根据每个离心加速度下的振动响应特征，计算得到该离心加速度下不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数，由不同离心加速度的影响系数构建成包含不同离心加速度下的不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数表；在监测期，根据影响系数表实时判断超重力离心机的不平衡质量性能。通过监测方法，能够实现在不同负载和运行状态下对超重力离心机的不平衡质量进行识别，基于监测不平衡质量对安全性能进行评估，可操作性强，通过动平衡长期监测降低超重力离心机振动、保障超重力离心机安全运行。

Description

一种超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法 技术领域
本发明属于超重力离心机运行控制与安全评估领域的一种监测方法，尤其是涉及了一种超重力离心机动平衡不平衡量监测方法与安全评估方法。
背景技术
旋转机械在不平衡质量作用下进行高速旋转产生的不平衡力是机械振动的主要来源，由振动产生的轴系故障影响超重力离心机的安全运行。超重力离心机作为一种臂式旋转机械，具有工作离心加速度多、离心加速度大、振动控制要求高的特点，因而准确识别超重力离心机在不同运行状态下的不平衡质量，评估其在不平衡质量作用下的安全状态具有重要的意义。
CN113932970A号发明专利申请公开了一种用于汽轮机转子振型重塑的动平衡方法。该方法的工作原理：以预设离心加速度下分别在无测试配重和有测试配重状态下旋转汽轮机转子，测量振动量并计算转子振动的影响系数，利用影响系数计算临界配重；再拆除测试配重，安装临界配重，通过判断预设离心加速度下是否实现反相位评价动平衡效果。
CN112556931A号发明专利申请公开了一种基于粒子群算法的高速轴承转子系统模态动平衡方法。该方法的工作原理：首先建立轴承转子的三维模型并导入到ANSYS软件中进行模态分析确定平衡较正面位置，进而根据模态平衡法的平衡条件建立不平衡量与需要添加的矫正质量的函数关系；采用粒子群优化算法求解每个校正质量的最优值。
CN112729681A号发明专利申请公开了一种转子现场动平衡的检测方法和检测系统。该方法的工作原理：对转子初始不平衡状态、左侧加试重后状态和右侧加试重后状态下的转子动平衡信号进行采集、分析和计算，获得转子不平衡量大小和相角；通过在左右侧校正面加重或去重进行现场不平衡量校正，以达到转子动平衡要求。
CN112720068A号发明专利申请公开了一种超精密机床主轴动平衡测量方法。该方法的工作原理：：构建机床X轴进给系统的机电模型；获取机床主轴离心加速度稳定后的主轴实际角度、X轴实际位置和X轴电机交向电流；根据前述参数和模型得出主轴动不平衡对进给系统的扰动力、主轴实际角度与动不平衡对X 轴进给系统扰动力之间的关系；对多圈的绕动力数据在相同的主轴实际角度下进行滤波处理；根据滤波处理后的数据，计算出扰动力的最大值和相应的主轴位置以及扰动力的最小值和相应的主轴位置，并计算出主轴动不平衡数据。
现有相关技术或方法的主要缺点如下：
(1)现有的建立转子模型的动平衡量测试手段是建立在被测转子系统的规模小、结构简单的基础上，因而可以用理论模型的手段模拟出转子系统的不平衡响应。超重力离心机结构规模大、运行状态复杂、未知参数多，很难通过理论计算的方式得到超重力离心机的不平衡响应，因而需要通过现场测试数据进行不平衡质量的识别。
(2)现有的动平衡测试理论都是基于被测转子在一定的工作离心加速度下得到的单次动平衡测试数据。超重力离心机作为一种试验设备，根据不同试验要求存在多种工作离心加速度；搭载不同试验装置时，转子的结构也因此发生改变。目前针对单一工作离心加速度的针对固定转子结构的动平衡方法无法在超重力离心机工况条件下给出当前不平衡质量，因而需要提供一种能够针对超重力离心机运行模式的动平衡长期监测方法。
(3)现有的动平衡理论和不平衡质量测试方法的目标都是降低转子系统的不平衡质量或不平衡力矩。超重力离心机在进行不同试验时需要搭载不同试验装置并进行配重实现平衡，其运行时往往会存在因配重精度等原因引起的不平衡状态，而难以实现完全的平衡。现有技术由于缺乏对超重力离心机运行时不平衡状态的评价方法，难以实现对超重力离心机的不平衡状态的安全评估，因而需要在动平衡长期监测的基础上提出超重力离心机平衡状态评估方法。
现有技术缺少了针对超重力离心机多离心加速度、多工况的动平衡长期监测方法和不平衡状态评估方法。
发明内容
本发明目的在于解决上述背景技术中的技术问题而提出的超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法。本发明提供了一种超重力离心机在多离心加速度、多工况条件下的动平衡长期监测方法，能够在超重力离心机运行阶段监测当前运行状态下的不平衡质量，并基于监测所得不平衡质量评估超重力离心机安全状态。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：
步骤一、在事先情况下，对设计建成的超重力离心机设置不平衡质量进行振动响应测试，得到超重力离心机在不同离心加速度下的振动响应特征；
步骤二、根据每个离心加速度下的振动响应特征，计算得到该离心加速度 下不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数，由不同离心加速度的影响系数构建成包含不同离心加速度下的不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数表；
步骤三、在之后的长期监测期，根据影响系数表实时判断超重力离心机的不平衡质量性能。
所述步骤一的振动响应测试中，设置振动响应测点，具体为在超重力离心机的中导轴承或下导轴承附近设置同相位的振动响应测点，在振动响应测点处布置振动传感器，所述的振动响应测点为振动速度测点或振动加速度测点，同时在超重力离心机上合适位置设置鉴相器，在超重力离心机的一侧吊篮中放置试重质量块作为不平衡质量。
同相位的是指振动响应测点布置的位置位于同一径向方向上。
具体实施是在超重力离心机的主轴下端设置鉴相器，鉴相器和超重力离心机的主轴同步旋转，鉴相器用于振动传感器所采集信号的参考信号，以鉴相器的相位作为参考，消除振动传感器采集信号中随超重力离心机的主轴同步旋转产生的相位干扰。
所述步骤一中，振动响应测试包含离心加速度工况，每个离心加速度工况下包含至少一组不平衡质量，在每个离心加速度下放置一个固定质量不变的试重质量块。
所述步骤二中，离心加速度下的影响系数f g根据公式计算：
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000001
其中：
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000002
为试重状态下的振动传感器的振动矢量，试重状态即超重力离心机放置不平衡质量后的状态，包含超重力离心机一阶旋转频率振动幅值及相对于鉴相器的相位差；
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000003
为空载状态下的振动传感器的振动矢量，空载状态即超重力离心机空置、未放置不平衡质量的状态，包含超重力离心机一阶旋转频率振动幅值及相对于鉴相器的相位差；
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000004
为不平衡质量的矢量，即包含试重质量块的质量及试重质量块位置相对于鉴相器的相位差。
所述步骤三具体为：
实时采集超重力离心机的当前离心加速度和振动响应特征数据，输入到影响系数表查询当前离心加速度下的影响系数并计算当前不平衡质量；
再根据以下公式计算判断是否满足安全因子：
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000005
其中，M t为超重力离心机的当前不平衡质量，M d为超重力离心机设计当前离心加速度下可承受的不平衡质量；K M表示超重力离心机不平衡质量性能安全因子；
其中M d＝M/g，M为设计不平衡力承受能力，单位t；g为当前离心加速度，单位g。
当满足上述公式时，则认为此时超重力离心机在当前运行状态下整体不平衡质量性能满足要求；
当不满足上述公式时，则认为超重力离心机在当前运行状态下整体不平衡质量性能不满足要求，停机进行配重。
所述步骤三中，当前不平衡质量
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000006
通过下述公式得到：
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000007
其中，
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000008
为超重力离心机实时运行时振动传感器的振动矢量，包含超重力离心机一阶旋转频率振动幅值及相对于鉴相器的相位差；f g'表示影响系数表中当前离心加速度对应的影响系数。
所述步骤二中，具体为：
若影响系数表中当前离心加速度无对应的影响系数，则当前离心加速度对应的影响系数f g根据影响系数表中的影响系数按照以下线性插值得到：
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000009
其中，r 2为影响系数表中大于当前离心加速度的最临近离心加速度(单位为rpm)，f g2为离心加速度r 2对应的影响系数；r 1为影响系数表中小于当前离心加速度的最临近离心加速度(单位为rpm)，f g1为离心加速度r 1对应的影响系数； r为当前离心加速度(单位为rpm)。
具体实施中，安全因子根据不同超重力离心机性能及安全性要求进行设置，如可以设置为2.0。
本发明通过设置影响系数进而利用影响系数计算实时的不平衡质量，进而表征超重力离心机的动平衡情况。
本发明能够在监测期未知重量负载情况下，根据计算的不平衡质量准确判断超重力离心机的整体不平衡质量性能。计算的不平衡质量虽然并不能准确代 表未知重量，但是能够准确表征重力离心机的整体不平衡质量性能。
本发明能够实现在不同负载和运行状态下对超重力离心机的不平衡质量进行识别，基于监测不平衡质量对安全性能进行评估，可操作性强，通过动平衡长期监测降低超重力离心机振动、保障超重力离心机安全运行。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明基于超重力离心机现场测试数据，相比较已有的技术和方法，得到不同离心加速度下准确的不平衡力响应数据，避免了对复杂超重力离心机的建模和计算过程，得到的不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数更加真实可靠。
本发明能够实现对多超重力离心机在多种运行状态下的不平衡质量进行长期监测，对比已有的技术和方法，具备在多离心加速度下实时监测超重力离心机当前不平衡质量的能力，弥补了现有方法无法应用于多工作离心加速度设备的缺陷。
本发明为超重力离心机在不平衡状态下的安全状态提供了评估方法，基于监测的不平衡质量对超重力离心机不平衡力承载能力进行评估，能够定量评价不同运行状态下超重力离心机不平衡安全状态，保证超重力离心机安全运行。
附图说明
图1为实施例的超重力离心机振动响应测试传感器布置示意图；
图2为超重力离心机振动响应测试试重质量块布置位置示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明
按照本发明发明内容完整方法实施的具体实施例及其实施过程如下：
首先，对超重力离心机在不同不平衡质量和离心加速度条件下进行振动响应测试，得到其在不同不平衡质量和离心加速度下的振动响应，共需要布置两个振动传感器和一个鉴相器，振动传感器可以为速度或加速度传感器，振动传感器和鉴相器的布置方案如图1所示。振动传感器的选取原则为能否满足测试精度需求，速度传感器和加速度传感器测得的响应数值存在差异，选取能够满足传感器灵敏度和计算分析精度的物理量进行测试。
根据离心加速度根据超重力离心机实验需求进行振动响应测试试验组设置，如超重力离心机实验中常用离心加速度值为25g、30g、50g、80g、100g、150g，则振动响应测试试验组应包含以上常用离心加速度并根据需求增加测试组。每个离心加速度下应至少包含无不平衡质量(空载状态)和有不平衡质量(试重 状态)的两组试验。具体实施中，试重质量的大小需根据超重力离心机承载能力以及振动传感器数据有效性进行确定：低离心加速度下超重力离心机不平衡质量承载能力较强，传感器测点位置振动振动响应相对较小，为保证振动响应测试数据准确需设置较大不平衡质量；在高离心加速度状态下，超重力离心机不平衡质量承载能力较弱，传感器测点位置振动振动响应相对较大，需适当减小试重质量，使得振动响应测试准确。实施例中，超重力离心机离心加速度为25g、30g、50g、80g、100g、150g时的试重状态振动响应测试中，不平衡质量分别为85kg、70kg、63kg、53kg、42kg、30kg。
然后，根据每个离心加速度条件下，无不平衡质量(空载状态)和有不平衡质量(试重状态)的两组试验的振动传感器的振动数据，选取两个振动传感器其中一个的测试数据计算该离心加速度下不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数。超重力离心机转动频率与离心加速度的关系通过下式进行计算：
a＝(2πf T) 2R        (1.1)
其中f T为超重力离心机旋转频率(Hz)，a为超重力离心机的离心加速度(m/s 2)，R为超重力离心机有效旋转半径。
接着，在对各个试验离心加速度下的不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数计算完成后，将影响系数汇总形成各离心加速度下不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数表，如表1，实施例的某一实测结果见表1，其中离心加速度以万有引力常数g为单位。
表1实施例各离心加速度下不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数表
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000010
接着，在超重力离心机日常运行的长期监测期内，在振动响应测试的振动传感器测点和鉴相器测点布置振动传感器和鉴相器，并采集振动传感器和鉴相器数据。在超重力离心机运行状态时，查询各离心加速度下不平衡质量对振动 响应的影响系数表获取当前离心加速度下的影响系数，利用振动传感器和鉴相器数据计算当前不平衡质量，实施例结果见表2。其中若离心机当前离心加速度未包含在影响系数表中，则采用线性插值方法对临近两组离心加速度的不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数计算当前离心加速度下的不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数。
表2实施例超重力离心机动平衡监测计算数据
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000011
最后根据当前不平衡质量和当前离心加速度计算计算不平衡力，校核当前不平衡力与超重力离心机不平衡力承载能力之间的关系，进行不平衡安全性评价，结果见下表3。
表3实施例超重力离心机不平衡安全性评价
Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-000012
由此通过上述实施例可见，本发明通过对超重力离心机在不同不平衡质量和离心加速度条件下的振动响应测试得到各离心加速度下不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数表，基于同测点的振动传感器数据实现对超重力离心机运行状态下的不平衡质量的长期监测。基于实时监测的超重力离心机不平衡质量，对超重力离心机在不平衡力作用下的安全性能进行评估，保障超重力离心机安全运行。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法，其特征在于：方法主要包括以下步骤：
    步骤一、对超重力离心机设置不平衡质量进行振动响应测试，得到超重力离心机在不同离心加速度下的振动响应特征；
    步骤二、根据每个离心加速度下的振动响应特征，计算得到该离心加速度下不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数，由不同离心加速度的影响系数构建成包含不同离心加速度下的不平衡质量对振动响应的影响系数表；
    步骤三、在监测期，根据影响系数表实时判断超重力离心机的不平衡质量性能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法，其特征在于：
    所述步骤一的振动响应测试中，设置振动响应测点，具体为在超重力离心机的中导轴承或下导轴承附近设置同相位的振动响应测点，在振动响应测点处布置振动传感器，同时在超重力离心机上设置鉴相器，在超重力离心机的一侧吊篮中放置试重质量块作为不平衡质量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法，其特征在于：
    所述步骤一中，振动响应测试包含离心加速度工况，在每个离心加速度下放置一个固定质量不变的试重质量块。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法，其特征在于：
    所述步骤二中，离心加速度下的影响系数f g根据公式计算：
    Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-100001
    其中：
    Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-100002
    为试重状态下的振动传感器的振动矢量；
    Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-100003
    为空载状态下的振动传感器的振动矢量；
    Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-100004
    为不平衡质量的矢量。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法，其特征在于：
    所述步骤三具体为：
    实时采集超重力离心机的当前离心加速度和振动响应特征数据，输入到影响系数表查询当前离心加速度下的影响系数并计算当前不平衡质量；
    再根据以下公式计算判断是否满足安全因子：
    Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-100005
    其中，M t为超重力离心机的当前不平衡质量，M d为超重力离心机设计当前离心加速度下可承受的不平衡质量；K M表示超重力离心机不平衡质量性能安全因子；
    当满足上述公式时，则认为此时超重力离心机在当前运行状态下整体不平衡质量性能满足要求；
    当不满足上述公式时，则认为超重力离心机在当前运行状态下整体不平衡质量性能不满足要求，停机进行配重。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法，其特征在于：
    所述步骤三中，当前不平衡质量
    Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-100006
    通过下述公式得到：
    Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-100007
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-100008
    为超重力离心机实时运行时振动传感器的振动矢量，f g'表示影响系数表中当前离心加速度对应的影响系数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的超重力离心机动平衡长期监测方法，其特征在于：
    所述步骤二中，具体为：
    若影响系数表中当前离心加速度无对应的影响系数，则当前离心加速度对应的影响系数f g根据影响系数表中的影响系数按照以下线性插值得到：
    Figure PCTCN2022113169-appb-100009
    其中，r 2为影响系数表中大于当前离心加速度的最临近离心加速度，f g2为离心加速度r 2对应的影响系数；r 1为影响系数表中小于当前离心加速度的最临近离心加速度，f g1为离心加速度r 1对应的影响系数；r为当前离心加速度。
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