WO2023214338A1 - System and method for evaluating and diagnosing in real time the specific conditions and physical, chemical and microbiological properties of agricultural soil - Google Patents

System and method for evaluating and diagnosing in real time the specific conditions and physical, chemical and microbiological properties of agricultural soil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023214338A1
WO2023214338A1 PCT/IB2023/054619 IB2023054619W WO2023214338A1 WO 2023214338 A1 WO2023214338 A1 WO 2023214338A1 IB 2023054619 W IB2023054619 W IB 2023054619W WO 2023214338 A1 WO2023214338 A1 WO 2023214338A1
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Prior art keywords
data
computer application
mobile terminal
processing
soil
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PCT/IB2023/054619
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Helber Milton Orjuela Matta
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Universidad De Ciencias Aplicadas Y Ambientales U.D.C.A.
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Publication of WO2023214338A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023214338A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D11/00—Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature
    • G01N27/18—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature caused by changes in the thermal conductivity of a surrounding material to be tested
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/02—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with propagation of electric current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/70—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer
    • G06F21/71—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Mining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • G06Q50/26—Government or public services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/237—Communication with additional data server
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/27—Server based end-user applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a system and a method that allows the generation of spatial data of agricultural soils to be integrated through a single processing tool to manage graphic outputs represented as contour maps per analyzed variable.
  • the fundamental principle of operation of the system or device is the capture of data by recording the results of field tests (manual or automated), particularly associated with the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soils, and according to the characteristics of the crop to be evaluated. , within the physical environment of a computer application, which makes up a registry directory.
  • the system or device consists of a mobile device that has a computer application installed, which has a directory for data registration. The data is temporarily stored on an online platform with the option to store the data on the mobile device.
  • the computer application has at least 5 modules arranged for data entry, when the user wants to generate maps to prepare land, schedule irrigation, schedule fertilization, view reports or resort to specialized technical assistance by sending reports or graphic outputs. .
  • the system or device operates through an internet connection or data connectivity articulated to the mobile device.
  • Each module includes a processing directory that allows entering a data matrix that includes geographic coordinates (x, y, z), and the results of tests or field data, starting from the definition of a recommended regular sampling mesh.
  • Agricultural Engineering and Agronomic Engineering are branches of engineering that propose their developments based on physical principles, such as thermodynamics, materials and fluid mechanics, statics and dynamics, aimed at the design, analysis and evaluation of needs and solution of technical problems, articulated in scientific developments, especially in the field of Precision Agriculture, whose purpose is the development of methodologies, systems and devices that promote the responsible use of resources destined for agricultural production, especially under environments of variability and climate change.
  • Irrigation and Drainage Engineering the selection of agricultural machinery and implements for land preparation and the generation of land fertilization recommendations based on the characteristics of soil, cultivation, according to climatic conditions represent fields of Agricultural and Agronomic Engineering. , which gives rise to the development of systems and methodologies for the capture, storage, processing and generation of graphic outputs, in a physical computer application environment, so that farmers have the possibility of managing queries and recommendations in real time based on information captured in situ.
  • the applications of Precision Agriculture constitute one of the drivers of development of regions with agricultural potential and vocation, which depend on the rational use of water and soil resources, tending to the development of crops, the stability of harvests and the guarantee of food security, even more so in a climate change scenario that progressively affects the availability of food in different regions of the world.
  • the proposed methodology is based on research carried out around the implementation of Site-Specific Management, based on geostatistical analysis, presented on any mobile device through a computer application.
  • the invention patent with publication number NC 2020/0006895 refers to a system for the collection and processing of crop information with radio frequency technologies, consisting of: Servers or data center infrastructures to host management software; Database servers that store and host information over the Internet from a portable RFID device; A route control and monitoring software or platform that receives and processes the information sent by the portable RFID device, communicated with database servers to store information through the Internet, arranged with interfaces to which users connect through fixed or mobile stations such as fixed or laptop computers; Portable RFID reader devices carried by agricultural field personnel, responsible for reading the RFID tags located in the crops or carried by the operators, including inventory information, pest status, crop status, with the possibility of positioning GPS; RFID tags located on agricultural crops or carried by operators that can be active or passive, responsible for transmitting information on the state of the crops to the portable RFID device, carried by the personnel inside the crop; Fixed user stations such as desktop or laptop computers and smartphones or tablets.
  • the utility model patent with publication number CN 214010402 describes a collection and monitoring device that includes an illumination sensor and a monitoring camera, used for the collection of data (illumination intensity), and video data. It also collects data from a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pH sensor installed in the soil, using probes, maintaining continuity in data collection.
  • This patent proposes a data collection and monitoring device, but does not reflect a foundation for site-specific management analysis that encourages the generation of spatial maps. Additionally, data is captured using probes.
  • the patent with publication number CN11 1522312 discloses a smart agriculture cloud platform, comprising a decision-making system, a cloud platform, an irrigation system and a data acquisition system, multiple cameras, agricultural machinery , equipment and an energy supply system, with links between the different devices, and including connectivity with sensors arranged on the ground, irrigation water quality sensors, allowing the crop environment to be monitored comprehensively.
  • a smart agriculture cloud platform comprising a decision-making system, a cloud platform, an irrigation system and a data acquisition system, multiple cameras, agricultural machinery , equipment and an energy supply system, with links between the different devices, and including connectivity with sensors arranged on the ground, irrigation water quality sensors, allowing the crop environment to be monitored comprehensively.
  • the patent describes an integrated crop monitoring system, it is not based on site-specific management principles.
  • the invention described above has the drawback that cloud communication via Wi-Fi or smartphone is not specified, while it is not indicated that the information is provided in real time, which is undesirable because it does not allow making a concrete and accurate monitoring. Furthermore, no modules for irrigation programming, land preparation, fertilization, reports, or specialized assistance are indicated.
  • an intelligent agricultural cloud platform which is related to the field of Internet of Things, and includes a decision-making system, a cloud platform and an irrigation system, an agricultural information acquisition system, a plurality of first cameras, agricultural machinery equipment and a power supply system that are connected with the cloud platform, the decision-making system remotely controls the operation of each system and/or equipment on an agricultural base through the cloud platform;
  • the power supply system is connected with the irrigation system, the first camera, the acquisition system agricultural information and agricultural equipment and power supplies;
  • the agricultural information acquisition system comprises a plurality of second cameras, a plurality of soil sensors and a plurality of water quality sensors, and the first cameras, the second cameras, the soil sensors and the water quality sensors They are distributed throughout the agricultural base at pre-established intervals. Sensors are used to monitor the environment of an agricultural base and the growth vigor of crops, the decision-making system issues strategies in time according to the collected information, smart agriculture is achieved and high efficiency is demonstrated, reasonableness and scientificity of improved agricultural production.
  • the international patent application WO 2015132429 discloses a procedure for the quantitative determination of physicochemical properties of soils or solid waste, characterized in that it comprises a stage of determining the resistivity of the soil to be evaluated, a stage of taking samples and analysis of the same and a stage of obtaining the relationship of the physicochemical properties of the soil or waste with the resistivity values obtained through statistical treatment of the data.
  • the determination of the resistivity of the soil or solid waste to be evaluated is done by electrical tomography, in at least three locations, which includes the use of metal electrodes, the soil or waste sampling step includes at least three perforations or surveys on each of the tomography profiles where at least three samples are taken in each of the surveys, as well as the taking of at least three control samples per profile.
  • this priority is limited, since it does not mention the use of a communications network or the connection to WiFi or a smartphone, as well as the use of the cloud for data storage, so it does not allow monitoring. remote and constant from ground conditions.
  • CN 205983048 related to an agricultural intelligent monitored control system based on element networks, including: traditional land for field crop district and long-term guidance inspection test zone, is provided of an automatic weather station between the traditional land for field crop district and the long-term orientation inspection test zone, fertile district, the long-term fertile district and the formula fertilizer district are distinguished, take into account those years in the guidance inspection test zone including conventional fertilization for a long time, network-based agricultural intelligent monitored control system including server, control terminal machine and configure video monitoring terminal, the solar spectrum analysis center and monitor computer on the traditional land for field crop cultivation district and long-term guidance to inspect the test zone on one side, the traditional land for field crop cultivation district , the conventional district of applying fertilizer.
  • the traditional sensing method and intelligent monitoring of things networks is used to combine, constitute a three-dimensional data sensing network, configuration and prescription of crop fertilizer and more suitable environment.
  • this invention is limited to defining local methods or systems, since it is not indicated that there is a WiFi or smartphone connection or an associated mobile application, while it does not teach programming modules. irrigation, land preparation, reports, or specialized assistance, so real-time monitoring is not possible.
  • patent application CN 105955161 describes an intelligent agricultural control system comprising an agricultural microclimate monitoring system and a computer control analysis system that are connected through a 4G wireless technology
  • the monitoring system agricultural microclimate sensor comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a lighting, a concentration sensor, an aircraft, a multi-camera real-time shooting system and an information collection device
  • the computer control analysis system comprises an information receiving module, an information analysis module and an information processing module.
  • the intelligent agricultural control system can predict the weather situation of a small agricultural area accurately by agricultural microclimate monitoring system and computer control analysis system, provides visual video monitoring means to timely monitor situations, such as crop growth situation, plant diseases and insect pests, wind damage, etc., it is convenient for agricultural workers to check agricultural information at different times of the day, and send alarm measures when the data does not meet the requirements, thus realizing intelligent agricultural control.
  • document CN 103310613 refers to the monitoring of soil environment information of a cropland, and in particular refers to a mobile ad-hoc network remote monitoring device of soil environment information.
  • the mobile ad-hoc network remote monitoring device comprises a ground environment information acquisition node device, a remote information transmission channel and a remote server, where the acquisition node device consists of a battery panel solar, a mobile stand, a data acquisition control box, a soil element sensor and a satellite positioning device; Mobile bracket provides support for solar battery panel and data acquisition control box; the ground element sensor and the satellite positioning device respectively communicate with a data acquisition circuit in the data acquisition control box through a plug-in interface; The solar battery panel provides power for the entire system.
  • the mobile ad-hoc network remote monitoring device has the advantages that the all-weather cropland soil environment data of a plurality of monitoring points can be displayed on the remote server, the precise geographical positions of the Monitoring points can be acquired by the satellite positioning device, and the data information can be reflected into an electronic map form to make it very intuitive.
  • EP 3340130 teaches a method and a system for predicting soil and/or plant condition in precision agriculture with a classification of measurement data to provide an assignment of a measurement plot to classes of interest, wherein the mapping is used to provide action recommendations, particularly in real time or near real time, to a farmer and/or an agricultural device based on acquired measurement data, particularly remote sensing data, and where a model classification is trained by a machine learning algorithm, for example based on deep learning for supervised and/or unsupervised learning, and is potentially refined and adapted continuously thanks to a feedback procedure.
  • this prior art presents the problem that it does not specify the use of irrigation programming modules, land preparation, fertilization, reports, or specialized assistance, nor does it indicate the use of storage in the cloud or communication via WiFi or smartphone to carry out real-time monitoring.
  • control nodes that control the irrigation system, the system that controls the safety net, and also systems such as ventilation, lighting, greenhouse doors, etc activated. Tracking the measurement results is possible using the implemented smartphone application. With this application, it is possible to control all the parameters of the greenhouse being monitored and, in particular, multiple data logging systems.
  • IOT is nothing but a large number of physical devices that are connected to the Internet to access and share data.
  • the main components of IOT are sensors.
  • IOT is implemented in such a way that information is collected through sensors which are stored in the cloud and processing of the collected information can be done by developing a cloud application.
  • the implementation of the automatic irrigation system is achieved so that a farmer can operate the motor from a cloud-based application.
  • the data from the sensors is sent from the front-end module which is sensors to the back-end module which is a cloud to store data, visualize the data and also allows the farmer to operate the devices from an application which is developed on the cloud.
  • the data transmission from the front-end module to the back-end module is through the help of gateway module which consists of an chicken microcontroller and an MCU node to provide the Wi-Fi to transfer the data to the back-end layer.
  • Figure 1 Schematic view of the integration system or device of the present invention, showing the elements of the capture, storage, processing and generation of graphic output system in a computer application environment.
  • Figure 2. Schematic overview of the soil to be analyzed and the location of the associated sensors to make the respective measurements and obtain the desired result.
  • Figure 3. General view of the physical and technological components associated with the system or device of the present invention, where the mobile device, the sensors and the communication between several of these are evident.
  • FIG. 4 Schematic view (flow diagram type) of the method associated with the system shown in Figures 1 to 3, where said scheme describes the stages of the methodology of capture, storage, processing and generation of graphic output in an application environment computing.
  • Figure 5 Schematic view of the system of the present invention, showing the details of the modules, the graphic output and other components that allow a specific output to be displayed.
  • FIG. Schematic view of the system of the present invention showing the desktop computer and the interaction between the components or elements that are part of it.
  • the fundamental principle of operation of the system or device of the present invention is the capture of data by recording the results of field tests (manual or automated), particularly associated with physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soils, and according to the characteristics of the crop to be evaluated, within the physical environment of a computer application, which makes up a registry directory.
  • Temporary data storage is based on a cloud connection system, through an internet connection available via WiFi or data from a smartphone or tablet.
  • the data processing is based on a programming code that allows managing the generation of a geostatistical model with processing in the cloud and that allows obtaining graphic results in the form of contour maps, allowing the visualization of the spatial distribution of the data. parameters collected from the field.
  • the farmer has an availability of results and the possibility of sending these to different professionals to manage recommendations in real time on the graphic results, and in this way facilitate decision making about the development of irrigation and drainage activities, land preparation or fertilizer management.
  • These processing and graphical outputs can be performed on any day, as long as a data connection is maintained. Activate internet with WiFi or data on a device such as a smartphone or tablet.
  • the present invention refers to an integration system or device using a unique processing tool for the generation of spatial data of agricultural soils to manage graphic outputs represented as contour maps per analyzed variable, and its associated method. .
  • Figures 1 to 3 show the integration system of the present invention, where said system is characterized because it comprises or is composed mainly of the following components or parts that differentiate it from those existing in the state of the art.
  • a device (1) that is made up of a mobile terminal (2) that has a computer application (3) installed, which has a directory (4) for manual recording of input data such as general information about the area, land and cultivation, where these data have the possibility of being temporarily stored on an online platform (6) with the option of saving the data on the mobile terminal (2), through a download button (7).
  • the computer application (3) includes a series of modules (8) arranged for manual or automated entry of data captured with measuring equipment (9), where the data is entered manually in each of the modules (8) from information captured in the field, previously defining a sampling mesh (5) composed of nodes (5A), including geographical coordinates and the amount of the variable per node (5A).
  • the user (10) has the possibility of opening modules (8) arranged to consult climate data (8A), prepare land (8B), schedule irrigation (8C), schedule fertilization (8D), view reports (8D) or resort to specialized technical assistance (8E).
  • the device (1) operates through an internet connection (11) or data connectivity (12) articulated with the mobile terminal (2).
  • sensors (13) are installed on the nodes (5A) of the sampling mesh (5) at different depths to evaluate soil parameters (13A) and on the surface of the land to evaluate climate data (13B) in the area, configuring and sending a signal (14) from the sensors (13) to the computer application (3) installed in the mobile terminal (2) and capturing the data in each of the modules (8) in an automated manner.
  • the georeferenced data captured by the node (5A) and on the entire sampling mesh (5) are entered into each of the modules (8) independently, and depending on the purpose of the processing, a sequence is generated.
  • the climate data module (8A) can be synchronized with satellite climate data tools (19) that can be consulted and extracted into a query base file (20), following query recommendations provided in the module. climate data query (8A).
  • the computer application (3) runs a programming routine that carries out a geostatistical interpolation process in areas not sampled but based on the data recorded in the nodes (5A) of the sampling mesh (5) manually or by means of the sensors (13), thanks to the activation of a processing key (15), allowing the generation of a graphic output (16) that reflects the spatial distribution of the parameter or parameters to be evaluated within a polygon (17) that represents the area of the property and recorded in any of the modules (8) that responds to the real-time conditions recorded for a date, time and specific geographic coordinates.
  • the computer application (3) includes a panel (18) of general recommendations on the graphic output (16) for consultation by the user (10).
  • the computer application (3) has a specialized technical assistance module (8E) that allows contacting an online professional to manage queries and recommendations on the results of the graphic output (16).
  • desktop tests (21) can be performed with programming tools (22) to validate the reliability of the graphic output (16) processed in the computer application (3), by downloading a base file (20) that contains the data entered in each of the modules (8).
  • the system or system device of the present invention analyzes in a differentiated and integrated manner through data obtained by testing tools, such as geographical coordinates, temperature, precipitation and specific sampling results, detailed information to associate what It happens in the soil and in the climate, thus allowing appropriate decision-making, all in real time.
  • testing tools such as geographical coordinates, temperature, precipitation and specific sampling results, detailed information to associate what It happens in the soil and in the climate, thus allowing appropriate decision-making, all in real time.
  • the producer can use this system or device according to the cycle and type of the crop, emphasizing each of the modules provided: land preparation, irrigation and drainage, fertilization, technical advice and generation of reports. compared to maps generated by applying geostatistical techniques.
  • the present invention is also directed to a method of capturing, storing and processing data with graphic output, which is associated with the system defined above, where said method is characterized because it comprises the following stages or steps that differ from the state of the art. : a) Install the computer application (3) on a mobile terminal (2), with an internet connection (11) or data connectivity (12); b) Load the directory (4) for the registration of base data such as general information about the area, soil and crop; c) Select the module(s) (8) on which you wish to execute the processing, each one individually; d) Enter the field data by the user (10) in each of the modules (8) or activate a signal (14) from the sensors (13) for automatic data transfer to the computer application (3); e) Go to the processing key (15) and activate it to process the data and generate the graphic output (16) arranged in each module (8); f) Consult the panel (18) for general recommendations on the graphic output (16); g) Activate the specialized technical assistance module (8E) for online consultations and recommendations on the results of the graphic output
  • the method of the present invention has been defined as a series of steps in a defined order that allow obtaining a result;
  • steps are not limited to the order indicated in this document, but that the variations, changes or modifications that may be made therein, and the order of said steps, are contemplated.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a system and method that, by means of a single processing tool, allow integration of the generation of spatial data regarding agricultural soils in order to manage graphical outputs represented as contour maps by analysed variable, wherein the key operating principle of the system is data capture by means of the (manual or automated) recording of field test results, associated in particular with physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soils, and according to the characteristics of the crop to be evaluated, within the physical environment of a computer application, which forms a log directory. The system is formed by a mobile device comprising an installed computer application that has a directory for recording data, wherein the data are temporarily stored on an online platform, with the option of storing the data on the mobile device. The computer application comprises at least five modules provided for inputting data when the user wishes to generate maps in order to prepare the land, schedule irrigation, schedule fertilisation, see reports or seek specialised technical assistance by sending the reports or graphical outputs. The system operates using an Internet connection or data connectivity linked to the mobile device.

Description

SISTEMA Y MÉTODO PARA EVALUAR Y DIAGNOSTICAR LAS CONDICIONES Y PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS, QUÍMICAS Y MICROBIOLÓGICAS ESPECÍFICAS DESYSTEM AND METHOD TO EVALUATE AND DIAGNOSIS THE SPECIFIC PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND PROPERTIES OF
UN SUELO AGRÍCOLA EN TIEMPO REAL AN AGRICULTURAL LAND IN REAL TIME
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un sistema y un método que permite integrar mediante una herramienta única de procesamiento la generación de datos espaciales de los suelos agrícolas para gestionar salidas gráficas representadas como mapas de contorno por variable analizada. El principio fundamental de operatividad del sistema o dispositivo es la captura de datos mediante el registro de resultados de pruebas de campo (manual o automatizado), asociadas particularmente a propiedades físicas, químicas y microbiológicas de los suelos, y según las características del cultivo a evaluar, dentro del entorno físico de una aplicación informática, que compone un directorio de registro. El sistema o dispositivo se compone de un dispositivo móvil que cuenta con una aplicación informática instalada, la cual dispone de un directorio para el registro de datos. Los datos se almacenan temporalmente en una plataforma en línea con opción de almacenar los datos en el dispositivo móvil. La aplicación informática dispone de al menos 5 módulos dispuestos para el ingreso de datos, cuando el usuario desea generar mapas para preparar terreno, programar riego, programar fertilización, ver informes o recurrir a una asistencia técnica especializada mediante el envío de los informes o salidas gráficas. El sistema o dispositivo opera mediante una conexión de internet o una conectividad de datos articulada al dispositivo móvil. Cada módulo incluye un directorio de procesamiento que permite ingresar una matriz de datos que incluye coordenadas geográficas (x, y, z), y los resultados de ensayos o datos de campo, partiendo de la definición de una malla de muestreo regular recomendada. The present invention refers to a system and a method that allows the generation of spatial data of agricultural soils to be integrated through a single processing tool to manage graphic outputs represented as contour maps per analyzed variable. The fundamental principle of operation of the system or device is the capture of data by recording the results of field tests (manual or automated), particularly associated with the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soils, and according to the characteristics of the crop to be evaluated. , within the physical environment of a computer application, which makes up a registry directory. The system or device consists of a mobile device that has a computer application installed, which has a directory for data registration. The data is temporarily stored on an online platform with the option to store the data on the mobile device. The computer application has at least 5 modules arranged for data entry, when the user wants to generate maps to prepare land, schedule irrigation, schedule fertilization, view reports or resort to specialized technical assistance by sending reports or graphic outputs. . The system or device operates through an internet connection or data connectivity articulated to the mobile device. Each module includes a processing directory that allows entering a data matrix that includes geographic coordinates (x, y, z), and the results of tests or field data, starting from the definition of a recommended regular sampling mesh.
La presente tecnología tiene aplicación en el sector agrícola, y más específicamente, en el campo del análisis de las propiedades y condiciones físicas, químicas y microbiológicas de un suelo agrícola. ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA This technology has application in the agricultural sector, and more specifically, in the field of analysis of the physical, chemical and microbiological properties and conditions of agricultural soil. STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
La Ingeniería Agrícola y la Ingeniería Agronómica son ramas de la ingeniería que plantea sus desarrollos a partir de principios físicos, tales como la termodinámica, la mecánica de materiales y de fluidos, estática y dinámica, destinada al diseño, análisis y evaluación de las necesidades y solución de problemas técnicos, articulado en desarrollos científicos, especialmente en el campo de la Agricultura de Precisión, cuya finalidad es el desarrollo de metodologías, sistemas y dispositivos que fomenten el uso responsable de los recursos destinados a la producción agrícola, especialmente bajo entornos de variabilidad y cambio climático. Agricultural Engineering and Agronomic Engineering are branches of engineering that propose their developments based on physical principles, such as thermodynamics, materials and fluid mechanics, statics and dynamics, aimed at the design, analysis and evaluation of needs and solution of technical problems, articulated in scientific developments, especially in the field of Precision Agriculture, whose purpose is the development of methodologies, systems and devices that promote the responsible use of resources destined for agricultural production, especially under environments of variability and climate change.
La Ingeniería de Riego y Drenaje, la selección de maquinaria agrícola e implementos para la preparación de terrenos y la generación de recomendaciones de fertilización de predios en función de las características de suelos, de cultivo, según condiciones climáticas representan campos de la Ingeniería Agrícola y Agronómica, que da lugar al desarrollo de sistemas y metodologías para la captura, almacenamiento, procesamiento y generación de salidas gráficas, en un entorno físico de aplicación informática, de manera que los agricultores tengan la posibilidad de gestionar consultas y recomendaciones en tiempo real partiendo de información capturada ¡n situ. Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, the selection of agricultural machinery and implements for land preparation and the generation of land fertilization recommendations based on the characteristics of soil, cultivation, according to climatic conditions represent fields of Agricultural and Agronomic Engineering. , which gives rise to the development of systems and methodologies for the capture, storage, processing and generation of graphic outputs, in a physical computer application environment, so that farmers have the possibility of managing queries and recommendations in real time based on information captured in situ.
Particularmente, las aplicaciones de la Agricultura de Precisión se constituyen como uno de los motores de desarrollo de las regiones con potencial y vocación agrícola, que dependen el uso racional de los recursos agua y suelo, tendientes para el desarrollo de los cultivos, la estabilidad de las cosechas y la garantía de seguridad alimentaria, más aún en un escenario de cambio climático que progresivamente afecta la disponibilidad de alimentos en diferentes regiones del mundo. La metodología planteada se fundamenta en investigaciones ejecutadas alrededor de a la implementaton de Manejo por Sitio Específico, con base en análisis geoestadísticos, presentado en cualquier dispositivo móvil mediante una aplicación informática. Particularly, the applications of Precision Agriculture constitute one of the drivers of development of regions with agricultural potential and vocation, which depend on the rational use of water and soil resources, tending to the development of crops, the stability of harvests and the guarantee of food security, even more so in a climate change scenario that progressively affects the availability of food in different regions of the world. The proposed methodology is based on research carried out around the implementation of Site-Specific Management, based on geostatistical analysis, presented on any mobile device through a computer application.
Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se debe tener presente que los suelos de vocación agrícola presentan condiciones variadas en sus propiedades y concentración de nutrientes, razón por la cual el manejo de un mismo terreno no pude ser homogéneo debido a las necesidades específicas de segmentos en los que se puede subdividir un área que requiera mayor o menor aplicación de agua de riego, intensidad en labranza, fertilizantes, entre otros. En este contexto, los productores carecen de información para el manejo segmentado de sus lotes para el riego, drenaje, fertilización y preparación del terreno (arado primario para finalizar ciclo de cosecha y empezar una nueva). Taking into account the above, it must be kept in mind that agricultural soils present varied conditions in their properties and concentration of nutrients, which is why the management of the same land cannot be homogeneous due to the specific needs of segments in the areas. that can be subdivided an area that requires greater or lesser application of irrigation water, tillage intensity, fertilizers, among others. In this context, producers lack information for the segmented management of their plots for irrigation, drainage, fertilization and land preparation (primary plowing to end the harvest cycle and start a new one).
De este modo, el manejo tradicional ha fomentado deterioro de recursos agua y suelo, elevación de recursos para la producción, mayor inversión de tiempo para lograr terrenos óptimos para la producción, que es lo que se busca suplir a través del sistema y método propuesto. In this way, traditional management has promoted deterioration of water and soil resources, increase of resources for production, greater investment of time to achieve optimal land for production, which is what is sought to be replaced through the proposed system and method.
Existen diversas invenciones existentes constituidas para adelantar seguimientos particulares a esquemas de fertilización de cultivos, por medio de herramientas de modelación mediante algoritmos, de acuerdo con la demanda de fertilización de cada cultivo, la capacidad de suministro de fertilizantes por parte de los suelos y el efecto del fertilizante frente a pruebas de detección en suelos y pruebas de campo, tal y como se describe en la solicitud con número de publicación CN 113396681. Este modelo descrito es consolidado a partir de información recopilado mediante encuestas de fertilidad de tierras cultivadas o con datos de pruebas de campo locales, sobre una malla de muestreo definida pero no especificada. There are various existing inventions created to carry out specific monitoring of crop fertilization schemes, through modeling tools using algorithms, according to the fertilization demand of each crop, the soil's fertilizer supply capacity and the effect of the fertilizer against soil detection tests and field tests, as described in the application with publication number CN 113396681. This model described is consolidated from information collected through fertility surveys of cultivated land or with data from local field tests, on a defined but unspecified sampling mesh.
Aunque el documento indica un modelo para establecer disponibilidad de nutrientes en el suelo, no se establece que la metodología parta de análisis por sitio de manejo específico o la implementación de técnicas de geoestadística. Tampoco se menciona la integración sobre una aplicación informática para la captura, almacenamiento y procesamiento de datos con un entorno gráfico de salida. Although the document indicates a model to establish nutrient availability in the soil, it is not established that the methodology is based on analysis by specific management site or the implementation of geostatistics techniques. Nor is the integration of a computer application for data capture, storage and processing with a graphical output environment mentioned.
La patente de invención con número de publicación NC 2020/0006895, se refiere a un sistema para la recolección y procesamiento de información de cultivos con tecnologías de radiofrecuencia, conformado por: Servidores o infraestructuras de centros de datos para alojar software de gestión; Servidores de bases de datos que guardan y alojan información mediante internet desde un dispositivo portátil RFID; Un software o plataforma de control y monitoreo de recorrido que recibe y procesa la información que envía el dispositivo portátil RFID, comunicado con servidores de bases de datos para almacenar información por medio de la internet, dispuesto con interfases a los que los usuarios se conectan mediante estaciones fijas o móviles como computadores fijos o portátiles; Unos dispositivos portátiles lectores RFID que lleva el personal de los campos agrícolas, encargados de realizar las lecturas de las etiquetas RFID ubicadas en los cultivos o portadas por los operarios, incluyendo información de inventario, estado de plagas, estado del cultivo, con posibilidad de posicionamiento GPS; Etiquetas RFID ubicadas en los cultivos agrícolas o portadas por los operarios que pueden ser activas o pasivas, encargadas de transmitir información del estado de los cultivos al dispositivo portátil RFID, llevado por el personal que se encuentra dentro del cultivo; Estaciones de usuario fijas como computadores fijos o portátiles y teléfonos inteligentes o tabletas. The invention patent with publication number NC 2020/0006895, refers to a system for the collection and processing of crop information with radio frequency technologies, consisting of: Servers or data center infrastructures to host management software; Database servers that store and host information over the Internet from a portable RFID device; A route control and monitoring software or platform that receives and processes the information sent by the portable RFID device, communicated with database servers to store information through the Internet, arranged with interfaces to which users connect through fixed or mobile stations such as fixed or laptop computers; Portable RFID reader devices carried by agricultural field personnel, responsible for reading the RFID tags located in the crops or carried by the operators, including inventory information, pest status, crop status, with the possibility of positioning GPS; RFID tags located on agricultural crops or carried by operators that can be active or passive, responsible for transmitting information on the state of the crops to the portable RFID device, carried by the personnel inside the crop; Fixed user stations such as desktop or laptop computers and smartphones or tablets.
Aunque esta patente describe un sistema robusto para el control de información capturada, almacenada y procesada en campo, no se manifiesta que la esencia de esta sea el manejo por sitio específico con base en el uso de herramientas geoestadísticas. Si bien se menciona que toda la información de consulta de datos se puede realizar a través de dispositivos móviles o cualquier otro tipo de equipo, no se manifiesta que este sistema tenga incorporado un soporte. Although this patent describes a robust system for the control of information captured, stored and processed in the field, it is not stated that the essence of this is site-specific management based on the use of geostatistical tools. Although it is mentioned that all data query information can be done through mobile devices or any other type of equipment, it is not stated that this system has built-in support.
La patente modelo de utilidad con número de publicación CN 214010402, describe un dispositivo de recolección y monitoreo que incluye un sensor de iluminación y una cámara de monitoreo, usados para la recolección de datos (intensidad de iluminación), y datos de video. También recopila datos de un sensor de temperatura, un sensor de humedad y un sensor de pH instalados en el suelo, mediante sondas, manteniendo la continuidad en la recolección de datos. The utility model patent with publication number CN 214010402 describes a collection and monitoring device that includes an illumination sensor and a monitoring camera, used for the collection of data (illumination intensity), and video data. It also collects data from a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pH sensor installed in the soil, using probes, maintaining continuity in data collection.
Esta patente plantea un dispositivo de recolección y monitoreo de datos, pero no refleja una fundamentación de análisis de manejo por sitio específico que fomente la generación de mapas espaciales. Además, los datos se capturan mediante sondas. This patent proposes a data collection and monitoring device, but does not reflect a foundation for site-specific management analysis that encourages the generation of spatial maps. Additionally, data is captured using probes.
La patente con número de publicación CN11 1522312, divulga una plataforma en la nube de agricultura inteligente, comprendiendo un sistema de toma de decisiones, una plataforma en la nube, un sistema de riego y un sistema de adquisición de datos, múltiples cámaras, maquinaria agrícola, equipos y un sistema de suministro de energía, con enlaces entre los diferentes dispositivos, e incluyendo conectividad con sensores dispuestos en el suelo, sensores de calidad de agua de riego, permitiendo monitorear el entorno del cultivo de manera integral. A pesar de que la patente describe un sistema integrado de monitoreo de cultivo, no se fundamenta en los principios de manejo por sitio específico. The patent with publication number CN11 1522312, discloses a smart agriculture cloud platform, comprising a decision-making system, a cloud platform, an irrigation system and a data acquisition system, multiple cameras, agricultural machinery , equipment and an energy supply system, with links between the different devices, and including connectivity with sensors arranged on the ground, irrigation water quality sensors, allowing the crop environment to be monitored comprehensively. Although the patent describes an integrated crop monitoring system, it is not based on site-specific management principles.
Adicionalmente, en el estado del arte existe una pluralidad de divulgaciones relacionadas con métodos o sistemas que permiten hacer una evaluación de las propiedades generales de un suelo agrícola, dentro de las que se encuentra el documento JP 2001344381 que hace referencia a un sistema de recolección y control de información de plantaciones, en donde un usuario y unas plantaciones están conectados entre sí por medio de computadores personales a través de una red de comunicación. Las plantaciones tienen las computadoras personales en cada sala de control conectadas a instalaciones específicas de radio pequeña (radio SS). Las tierras de cultivo de cada plantación están divididas y unas cámaras de video están equipadas en el mismo procesador de información meteorológica, un rociador automático y similares. Además, se preparan las instalaciones de radio y transmisión de señal, se preparan los terrenos de cultivo para ser controlados por las computadoras personales de cada sala de control, de modo que la situación de control pueda ser conocida también por los usuarios. Additionally, in the state of the art there is a plurality of disclosures related to methods or systems that allow an evaluation of the general properties of an agricultural soil, among which is the document JP 2001344381 that refers to a collection system and plantation information control, where a user and some plantations are connected to each other through personal computers through a communication network. The plantations have personal computers in each control room connected to specific small radio facilities (SS radio). The croplands of each plantation are divided and video cameras are equipped with the same weather information processor, automatic sprinkler and the like. In addition, the radio and signal transmission facilities are prepared, the crop fields are prepared to be controlled by the personal computers in each control room, so that the control situation can also be known by the users.
Sin embargo, la invención descrita en esta anterioridad presenta el inconveniente que no se especifica una comunicación en nube por wifi o teléfono inteligente, al tiempo que no se indica que la información sea suministrada en tiempo real, lo cual es indeseable porque no permite hacer un monitoreo concreto y acertado. Además, no se indican módulos de programación de riego, preparación de terreno, fertilización, informes, o asistencia especializada. However, the invention described above has the drawback that cloud communication via Wi-Fi or smartphone is not specified, while it is not indicated that the information is provided in real time, which is undesirable because it does not allow making a concrete and accurate monitoring. Furthermore, no modules for irrigation programming, land preparation, fertilization, reports, or specialized assistance are indicated.
De otra parte, se encuentra el documento CN 111522312 relacionado con una plataforma de nube agrícola inteligente, que se relaciona con el campo de Internet de las Cosas, y comprende un sistema de toma de decisiones, una plataforma de nube y un sistema de riego, un sistema do adquisición de información agrícola, una pluralidad de primeras cámaras, equipos de maquinaria agrícola y un sistema de suministro de energía que están conectados con la plataforma en la nube, el sistema de toma de decisiones controla de forma remota la operación de cada sistema y/o equipo en una base agrícola a través de la plataforma en la nube; el sistema de suministro de energía está conectado con el sistema de riego, la primera cámara, el sistema de adquisición de información agrícola y el equipo agrícola y suministros de energía; el sistema de adquisición de información agrícola comprende una pluralidad de segundas cámaras, una pluralidad de sensores de suelo y una pluralidad de sensores de calidad del agua, y las primeras cámaras, las segundas cámaras, los sensores de suelo y los sensores de calidad del agua están distribuidos en la base agrícola a intervalos preestablecidos. Los sensores se utilizan para monitorear el entorno de una base agrícola y el vigor de crecimiento de los cultivos, el sistema de toma de decisiones emite estrategias a tiempo de acuerdo con la información recopilada, se logra una agricultura inteligente y se demuestra la alta eficiencia, razonabilidad y cientificidad de la producción agrícola mejorada. On the other hand, there is document CN 111522312 related to an intelligent agricultural cloud platform, which is related to the field of Internet of Things, and includes a decision-making system, a cloud platform and an irrigation system, an agricultural information acquisition system, a plurality of first cameras, agricultural machinery equipment and a power supply system that are connected with the cloud platform, the decision-making system remotely controls the operation of each system and/or equipment on an agricultural base through the cloud platform; The power supply system is connected with the irrigation system, the first camera, the acquisition system agricultural information and agricultural equipment and power supplies; The agricultural information acquisition system comprises a plurality of second cameras, a plurality of soil sensors and a plurality of water quality sensors, and the first cameras, the second cameras, the soil sensors and the water quality sensors They are distributed throughout the agricultural base at pre-established intervals. Sensors are used to monitor the environment of an agricultural base and the growth vigor of crops, the decision-making system issues strategies in time according to the collected information, smart agriculture is achieved and high efficiency is demonstrated, reasonableness and scientificity of improved agricultural production.
No obstante, aunque esta anterioridad divulga un sistema para la gestión de variables en un cultivo por medio del uso de información almacenada en la nube, donde se tiene un módulo de control de riego o incluso programación, así como toma de decisiones de acuerdo con el cultivo, presenta el inconveniente que la plataforma se basa en el Internet de las Cosas (loT), lo cual es una tecnología considerada como compleja que tiene diferentes tipos de aplicación, al tiempo que no menciona módulos de preparación de terreno, fertilización, informes, o asistencia especializada, ni medición en tiempo real. However, although this previous report discloses a system for managing variables in a crop through the use of information stored in the cloud, where there is an irrigation control module or even programming, as well as decision making according to the cultivation, has the drawback that the platform is based on the Internet of Things (loT), which is a technology considered complex that has different types of application, while it does not mention modules for land preparation, fertilization, reports, or specialized assistance, nor real-time measurement.
Ahora bien, la solicitud de patente internacional WO 2015132429 divulga un procedimiento para la determinación cuantitativa de propiedades fisicoquímicas de suelos o residuos sólidos, caracterizado porque comprende una etapa de determinación de la resistividad del suelo a evaluar, una etapa de toma de muestras y análisis de las mismas y una etapa de obtención de la relación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo o residuo con los valores de resistividad obtenidos mediante tratamiento estadístico de los datos. Así, la determinación de la resistividad del suelo o residuo sólido a evaluar se hace mediante tomografía eléctrica, en al menos tres emplazamientos, que comprende el uso de electrodos metálicos, el paso de toma de muestras de suelo o residuo comprende al menos tres perforaciones o sondeos sobre cada uno de los perfiles de tomografía donde se toman al menos tres muestras en cada uno de los sondeos, así como la toma de al menos tres muestras control por perfil. Sin embargo, esta anterioridad está limitada, dado que no menciona el uso de una red de comunicaciones o la conexión a WiFi o un teléfono inteligente, así como el uso de la nube para el almacenamiento de datos, por lo que no permite hacer un monitoreo remoto y constante de las condiciones del suelo. Now, the international patent application WO 2015132429 discloses a procedure for the quantitative determination of physicochemical properties of soils or solid waste, characterized in that it comprises a stage of determining the resistivity of the soil to be evaluated, a stage of taking samples and analysis of the same and a stage of obtaining the relationship of the physicochemical properties of the soil or waste with the resistivity values obtained through statistical treatment of the data. Thus, the determination of the resistivity of the soil or solid waste to be evaluated is done by electrical tomography, in at least three locations, which includes the use of metal electrodes, the soil or waste sampling step includes at least three perforations or surveys on each of the tomography profiles where at least three samples are taken in each of the surveys, as well as the taking of at least three control samples per profile. However, this priority is limited, since it does not mention the use of a communications network or the connection to WiFi or a smartphone, as well as the use of the cloud for data storage, so it does not allow monitoring. remote and constant from ground conditions.
Ahora bien, también está el documento CN 205983048 relacionado con un sistema de control monitoreado inteligente agrícola basado en redes de elementos, que incluye: tierra tradicional para el distrito de cultivos de campo y zona de prueba de inspección de orientación a largo plazo, está provisto de una estación meteorológica automática entre la tierra tradicional para el distrito de cultivos de campo y el zona de prueba de inspección de orientación a largo plazo, distrito fértil, el distrito fértil a largo plazo y el distrito de fertilizantes de fórmula se distinguen, tienen en esos años en la zona de prueba de inspección de orientación que incluye la fertilización convencional durante mucho tiempo, sistema de control monitoreado inteligente agrícola basado en conexión en red que incluye un servidor, una máquina terminal de control y configura la terminal de monitoreo de video, el centro de análisis del espectro solar y la computadora del monitor en la tierra tradicional para el distrito de cultivos de campo y la orientación a largo plazo para inspeccionar la zona de prueba de un lado, la tierra tradicional para el cultivo de cultivos de campo distrito, el distrito convencional de aplicando fertilizante. A través del modo mencionado anteriormente, el método de detección tradicional y el monitoreo inteligente de redes de cosas es usado para combinar, constituir una red de detección de datos tridimensionales, configuración y prescripción de fertilizante de cultivo y medio ambiente más adecuado. Now, there is also document CN 205983048 related to an agricultural intelligent monitored control system based on element networks, including: traditional land for field crop district and long-term guidance inspection test zone, is provided of an automatic weather station between the traditional land for field crop district and the long-term orientation inspection test zone, fertile district, the long-term fertile district and the formula fertilizer district are distinguished, take into account those years in the guidance inspection test zone including conventional fertilization for a long time, network-based agricultural intelligent monitored control system including server, control terminal machine and configure video monitoring terminal, the solar spectrum analysis center and monitor computer on the traditional land for field crop cultivation district and long-term guidance to inspect the test zone on one side, the traditional land for field crop cultivation district , the conventional district of applying fertilizer. Through the above-mentioned mode, the traditional sensing method and intelligent monitoring of things networks is used to combine, constitute a three-dimensional data sensing network, configuration and prescription of crop fertilizer and more suitable environment.
No obstante, al igual que con otras anterioridades, esta invención se limita a definir métodos o sistemas locales, dado que no se indica que haya una conexión WiFi o por teléfono inteligente ni una aplicación móvil asociada, al tiempo que no enseña módulos de programación de riego, preparación de terreno, informes, o asistencia especializada, por lo que no es posible hacer un monitoreo en tiempo real. However, as with other previous ones, this invention is limited to defining local methods or systems, since it is not indicated that there is a WiFi or smartphone connection or an associated mobile application, while it does not teach programming modules. irrigation, land preparation, reports, or specialized assistance, so real-time monitoring is not possible.
Por otra parte, la solicitud de patente CN 105955161 describe un sistema de control agrícola inteligente que comprende un sistema de monitoreo de microclima agrícola y un sistema de análisis de control de computadora que están conectados a través de una tecnología inalámbrica 4G, el sistema de monitoreo de microclima agrícola comprende un sensor de temperatura, un sensor de humedad, un sensor de iluminación, un sensor de concentración, una aeronave, un sistema de disparo en tiempo real multicámara y un dispositivo de recopilación de información, y el sistema de análisis de control por computadora comprende un módulo de recepción de información, un módulo de análisis de información y un módulo de procesamiento de información. El sistema de control agrícola inteligente puede predecir la situación climática de una pequeña área agrícola con precisión mediante el sistema de monitoreo de microclima agrícola y el sistema de análisis de control por computadora, proporciona un medio de monitoreo de video visual para monitorear oportunamente las situaciones, como la situación de crecimiento del cultivo, las enfermedades de las plantas y las plagas de insectos, el daño del viento, etc., es conveniente para los trabajadores agrícolas para verificar la información agrícola en diferentes momentos del día, y envía las medidas de alarma cuando los datos no cumplen con los requisitos, realizando así el control agrícola inteligente. On the other hand, patent application CN 105955161 describes an intelligent agricultural control system comprising an agricultural microclimate monitoring system and a computer control analysis system that are connected through a 4G wireless technology, the monitoring system agricultural microclimate sensor comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a lighting, a concentration sensor, an aircraft, a multi-camera real-time shooting system and an information collection device, and the computer control analysis system comprises an information receiving module, an information analysis module and an information processing module. The intelligent agricultural control system can predict the weather situation of a small agricultural area accurately by agricultural microclimate monitoring system and computer control analysis system, provides visual video monitoring means to timely monitor situations, such as crop growth situation, plant diseases and insect pests, wind damage, etc., it is convenient for agricultural workers to check agricultural information at different times of the day, and send alarm measures when the data does not meet the requirements, thus realizing intelligent agricultural control.
Sin embargo, esta anterioridad presenta la desventaja que no se especifica el uso de módulos de programación de riego, preparación de terreno, fertilización, informes, o asistencia especializada, todos para el uso de información en tiempo real. However, this priority has the disadvantage that the use of irrigation programming modules, land preparation, fertilization, reports, or specialized assistance is not specified, all for the use of real-time information.
Así mismo, el documento CN 103310613 hace referencia a la monitorización de la información del entorno del suelo de una tierra de cultivo, y en particular se refiere a un dispositivo móvil de monitorización remota de red ad-hoc de la información del entorno del suelo. El dispositivo de monitoreo remoto de red ad-hoc móvil comprende un dispositivo de nodo de adquisición de información del entorno del suelo, un canal de transmisión de información remota y un servidor remoto, donde el dispositivo de nodo de adquisición consta de un panel de batería solar, un soporte móvil, una caja de control de adquisición de datos, un sensor de elementos del suelo y un dispositivo de posicionamiento por satélite; el soporte móvil proporciona soporte para el panel de batería solar y la caja de control de adquisición de datos; el sensor de elemento de suelo y el dispositivo de posicionamiento por satélite se comunican respectivamente con un circuito de adquisición de datos en la caja de control de adquisición de datos mediante una interfaz enchufable; el panel de batería solar proporciona energía para todo el sistema. El dispositivo de monitoreo remoto de red ad-hoc móvil tiene las ventajas de que los datos del entorno del suelo de las tierras de cultivo para todo clima de una pluralidad de puntos de monitoreo pueden mostrarse en el servidor remoto, las posiciones geográficas precisas de los puntos de monitoreo pueden ser adquiridas por el dispositivo de posicionamiento satelital, y la información de los datos se puede reflejar en un formulario de mapa electrónico para que sea muy intuitivo. Likewise, document CN 103310613 refers to the monitoring of soil environment information of a cropland, and in particular refers to a mobile ad-hoc network remote monitoring device of soil environment information. The mobile ad-hoc network remote monitoring device comprises a ground environment information acquisition node device, a remote information transmission channel and a remote server, where the acquisition node device consists of a battery panel solar, a mobile stand, a data acquisition control box, a soil element sensor and a satellite positioning device; Mobile bracket provides support for solar battery panel and data acquisition control box; the ground element sensor and the satellite positioning device respectively communicate with a data acquisition circuit in the data acquisition control box through a plug-in interface; The solar battery panel provides power for the entire system. The mobile ad-hoc network remote monitoring device has the advantages that the all-weather cropland soil environment data of a plurality of monitoring points can be displayed on the remote server, the precise geographical positions of the Monitoring points can be acquired by the satellite positioning device, and the data information can be reflected into an electronic map form to make it very intuitive.
No obstante, esta anterioridad presenta el problema que requiere el uso de una serie de sensores y no se mencionan módulos de programación de riego, preparación de terreno, fertilización, informes, o asistencia especializada que permitan hacer un monitoreo de las condiciones de suelo en tiempo real. However, this priority presents the problem that requires the use of a series of sensors and there is no mention of irrigation programming modules, land preparation, fertilization, reports, or specialized assistance that allow monitoring of soil conditions in time. real.
Finalmente, se tiene el documento EP 3340130 que enseña un método y un sistema para predecir la condición del suelo y/o de la planta en agricultura de precisión con una clasificación de datos de medición para proporcionar una asignación de una parcela de medición a clases de interés, en donde la asignación se utiliza para proporcionar recomendaciones de acción, particularmente en tiempo real o casi en tiempo real, a un agricultor y/o a un dispositivo agrícola basado en datos de medición adquiridos, particularmente datos de sensores remotos, y donde un modelo de clasificación es entrenado por una máquina algoritmo de aprendizaje, por ejemplo basándose en el aprendizaje profundo para el aprendizaje supervisado y/o no supervisado, y se refina y adapta potencialmente de forma continua gracias a un procedimiento de retroalimentación. Finally, there is document EP 3340130 which teaches a method and a system for predicting soil and/or plant condition in precision agriculture with a classification of measurement data to provide an assignment of a measurement plot to classes of interest, wherein the mapping is used to provide action recommendations, particularly in real time or near real time, to a farmer and/or an agricultural device based on acquired measurement data, particularly remote sensing data, and where a model classification is trained by a machine learning algorithm, for example based on deep learning for supervised and/or unsupervised learning, and is potentially refined and adapted continuously thanks to a feedback procedure.
Sin embargo, al igual que con otros documentos de arte previo, esta anterioridad presenta el problema que no especifica el uso de módulos de programación de riego, preparación de terreno, fertilización, informes, o asistencia especializada, ni tampoco se indica el uso de almacenamiento en la nube ni comunicación por WiFi o teléfono inteligente para poder llevar a cabo un monitoreo en tiempo real. However, as with other prior art documents, this prior art presents the problem that it does not specify the use of irrigation programming modules, land preparation, fertilization, reports, or specialized assistance, nor does it indicate the use of storage in the cloud or communication via WiFi or smartphone to carry out real-time monitoring.
Ahora bien, en el estado del arte también hay una serie de artículos científicos relacionados con esta tecnología, dentro de los que se encuentra el titulado “Smart autonomous agricultural system for improving yields in greenhouse based on sensor and loT technology, divulgado por Djordjevic et al., 2020, el cual enseña un sistema de agricultura inteligente reconfigurable como parte de una granja inteligente, en donde el sistema presentado es completamente autónomo, lo que significa que monitorea los parámetros microclimáticos en el invernadero y los parámetros atmosféricos que pueden afectar negativamente al invernadero y, de acuerdo con los requisitos del usuario, controla los parámetros en el invernadero y protege la construcción del invernadero. El sistema de agricultura inteligente presentado brinda la capacidad de monitorear, medir, recopilar y controlar parámetros microclimáticos y atmosféricos para lograr condiciones de cultivo óptimas para aumentar la calidad del rendimiento. Además del control principal de la unidad que monitorea los parámetros microclimáticos en el invernadero, se encuentran los nodos de control que controlan el sistema de riego, el sistema que controla la red de seguridad, y también sistemas como ventilación, iluminación, puertas del invernadero, etc. activado. El seguimiento de los resultados de la medición es posible utilizando la aplicación de teléfono inteligente implementada. Con esta aplicación, es posible controlar todos los parámetros del invernadero que se está monitoreando y, en particular, múltiples sistemas de registro de datos. Now, in the state of the art there are also a series of scientific articles related to this technology, among which is the one titled “Smart autonomous agricultural system for improving yields in greenhouse based on sensor and loT technology, published by Djordjevic et al. ., 2020, which teaches a reconfigurable smart agriculture system as part of a smart farm, where the presented system is completely autonomous, meaning that it monitors the microclimatic parameters in the greenhouse and the atmospheric parameters that can negatively affect the greenhouse and, according to user requirements, control the parameters in the greenhouse and protect the construction of the greenhouse. The presented smart agriculture system provides the ability to monitor, measure, collect and control microclimatic and atmospheric parameters to achieve optimal growing conditions to increase yield quality. In addition to the main control unit that monitors the microclimatic parameters in the greenhouse, there are control nodes that control the irrigation system, the system that controls the safety net, and also systems such as ventilation, lighting, greenhouse doors, etc activated. Tracking the measurement results is possible using the implemented smartphone application. With this application, it is possible to control all the parameters of the greenhouse being monitored and, in particular, multiple data logging systems.
Así mismo, el documento “Cloud of things for smart agriculture” de Ravindranath et al., 2019 enseña la combinación de loT y la nube que se ha convertido en una tecnología próxima y las aplicaciones de loT y la nube se han utilizado en muchos sectores de la agricultura, la seguridad y las ciudades inteligentes. IOT no es más que una gran cantidad de dispositivos físicos que están conectados a Internet para acceder y compartir datos. Los principales componentes de IOT son los sensores. IOT se implementa de tal manera que la información se recopila a través de sensores que se almacenan en la nube y el procesamiento de la información recopilada se puede realizar mediante el desarrollo de una aplicación en la nube. Así, se logra la implementation del sistema de riego automático para que un agricultor pueda operar el motor desde una aplicación basada en la nube. Los datos de los sensores se envían desde el módulo de front-end que son sensores al módulo de back-end que es una nube para almacenar datos, visualizar los datos y también permite al agricultor operar los dispositivos desde una aplicación que se desarrolla en la nube. La transmisión de datos desde el módulo de front-end al módulo de back-end es a través de la ayuda del módulo de puerta de enlace que consta de un microcontrolador Arduino y un nodo MCU para proporcionar el Wi-Fi para transferir los datos a la capa de back-end. Likewise, the document “Cloud of things for smart agriculture” by Ravindranath et al., 2019 shows the combination of IoT and cloud that has become an upcoming technology and IoT and cloud applications have been used in many sectors. of agriculture, security and smart cities. IOT is nothing but a large number of physical devices that are connected to the Internet to access and share data. The main components of IOT are sensors. IOT is implemented in such a way that information is collected through sensors which are stored in the cloud and processing of the collected information can be done by developing a cloud application. Thus, the implementation of the automatic irrigation system is achieved so that a farmer can operate the motor from a cloud-based application. The data from the sensors is sent from the front-end module which is sensors to the back-end module which is a cloud to store data, visualize the data and also allows the farmer to operate the devices from an application which is developed on the cloud. The data transmission from the front-end module to the back-end module is through the help of gateway module which consists of an Arduino microcontroller and an MCU node to provide the Wi-Fi to transfer the data to the back-end layer.
Ninguna de los documentos consultados y referenciados describe un sistema o metodologías asociadas con la captura, almacenamiento y procesamiento de datos agrícolas con una percepción fundamentada en el manejo por sitio específico, a partir de análisis geoestadísticos. A partir de la información anterior, es claro que los documentos existentes en el estado del arte corresponden a una serie de sistemas o métodos que permiten hacer un monitoreo constante de un área específica para evaluar las condiciones generales de un suelo agrícola, en donde se emplean diferentes técnicas de monitoreo, principalmente por medio de redes de almacenamiento local que pueden ser revisadas posteriormente por parte del personal encargado. None of the documents consulted and referenced describe a system or methodologies associated with the capture, storage and processing of agricultural data with a perception based on site-specific management, based on geostatistical analysis. From the previous information, it is clear that the existing documents in the state of the art correspond to a series of systems or methods that allow constant monitoring of a specific area to evaluate the general conditions of an agricultural soil, where they are used. different monitoring techniques, mainly through local storage networks that can be reviewed later by the personnel in charge.
Así las cosas, se puede ver que los dispositivos divulgados en el arte previo todos presentan el inconveniente y la desventaja que no presentan módulos de programación de riego, preparación de terreno, fertilización, informes, o asistencia especializada, al tiempo que en la mayoría de dichos documento no se hace uso de herramientas tecnológicas fundamentales que son usadas en la actualidad, tal como el uso de almacenamiento en la nube y comunicación por WiFi o teléfono inteligente, lo cual permite que se pueda llevar a cabo un monitoreo en tiempo real de las condiciones del suelo agrícola. Thus, it can be seen that the devices disclosed in the prior art all present the inconvenience and disadvantage that they do not present irrigation programming modules, land preparation, fertilization, reports, or specialized assistance, while in most These documents do not use fundamental technological tools that are currently used, such as the use of cloud storage and communication via WiFi or smartphone, which allows real-time monitoring of the agricultural soil conditions.
Por lo tanto, es claro para el experto en la materia que en el estado del arte existe una necesidad por diseñar e implementar un sistema o un dispositivo que permita que el productor pueda conocer las necesidades segmentadas de su suelo para una administración sostenible de sus recursos, que le permitan una producción más eficiente y a menores costos, donde todo este monitoreo sea por medio de herramientas tecnológicas que permitan hacer un monitoreo en tiempo real y llevar a la toma adecuada de decisiones. Therefore, it is clear to the expert in the field that in the state of the art there is a need to design and implement a system or a device that allows the producer to know the segmented needs of his soil for sustainable management of its resources. , which allow more efficient production and at lower costs, where all this monitoring is through technological tools that allow real-time monitoring and lead to appropriate decision making.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LAS FIGURAS DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figura 1 . Vista esquemática del sistema o dispositivo de integración de la presente invención, que muestra los elementos del sistema de captura, almacenamiento, procesamiento y generación de salida gráfica en un entorno de aplicación informática. Figure 1 . Schematic view of the integration system or device of the present invention, showing the elements of the capture, storage, processing and generation of graphic output system in a computer application environment.
Figura 2. Vista general esquemática del suelo a ser analizado y la ubicación de los sensores asociados para hacer las respectivas mediciones y obtener el resultado deseado. Figura 3. Vista general de los componentes físicos y tecnológicos asociados con el sistema o dispositivo de la presente invención, donde se evidencia el dispositivo móvil, los sensores y la comunicación entre varios de éstos.Figure 2. Schematic overview of the soil to be analyzed and the location of the associated sensors to make the respective measurements and obtain the desired result. Figure 3. General view of the physical and technological components associated with the system or device of the present invention, where the mobile device, the sensors and the communication between several of these are evident.
Figura 4. Vista esquemática (tipo diagrama de flujo) del método asociado con el sistema mostrado en las Figuras 1 a 3, donde dicho esquema describe las etapas de la metodología de captura, almacenamiento, procesamiento y generación de salida gráfica en un entorno de aplicación informática. Figure 4. Schematic view (flow diagram type) of the method associated with the system shown in Figures 1 to 3, where said scheme describes the stages of the methodology of capture, storage, processing and generation of graphic output in an application environment computing.
Figura 5. Vista esquemática del sistema de la presente invención, donde se muestra el detalle de los módulos, la salida gráfica y demás componentes que permiten mostrar una salida específica. Figure 5. Schematic view of the system of the present invention, showing the details of the modules, the graphic output and other components that allow a specific output to be displayed.
Figura 6. Vista esquemática del sistema de la presente invención mostrando el computador de escritorio y la interacción entre los componentes o elementos que forman parte del mismo. Figure 6. Schematic view of the system of the present invention showing the desktop computer and the interaction between the components or elements that are part of it.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El principio fundamental de operatividad del sistema o dispositivo de la presente invención es la captura de datos mediante el registro de resultados de pruebas de campo (manual o automatizado), asociadas particularmente a propiedades físicas, químicas y microbiológicas de los suelos, y según las características del cultivo a evaluar, dentro del entorno físico de una aplicación informática, que compone un directorio de registro. El almacenamiento temporal de datos se fundamenta en un sistema de conexión en la nube, a través de una conexión a internet disponible en WiFi o datos de un teléfono inteligente o Tablet. The fundamental principle of operation of the system or device of the present invention is the capture of data by recording the results of field tests (manual or automated), particularly associated with physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soils, and according to the characteristics of the crop to be evaluated, within the physical environment of a computer application, which makes up a registry directory. Temporary data storage is based on a cloud connection system, through an internet connection available via WiFi or data from a smartphone or tablet.
Así mismo, el procesamiento de los datos parte de un código de programación que permite gestionar la generación de un modelo geoestadístico con procesamiento en la nube y que permite la obtención de resultados gráficos en forma de mapas de contorno, permitiendo visualizar la distribución espacial de los parámetros recolectados de campo. El agricultor tiene una disponibilidad de resultados y la posibilidad de enviar estos a diferentes profesionales para gestionar recomendaciones en tiempo real sobre los resultados gráficos, y de esta manera facilitar la toma de decisiones sobre el desarrollo de actividades de riego y drenaje, preparación de terreno o gestión de fertilizantes. Estos procesamientos y las salidas gráficas se pueden desarrollar en cualquier día, siempre y cuando se mantenga una conexión de internet activa con WiFi o datos sobe un dispositivo tal como un teléfono inteligente o una Tablet. Likewise, the data processing is based on a programming code that allows managing the generation of a geostatistical model with processing in the cloud and that allows obtaining graphic results in the form of contour maps, allowing the visualization of the spatial distribution of the data. parameters collected from the field. The farmer has an availability of results and the possibility of sending these to different professionals to manage recommendations in real time on the graphic results, and in this way facilitate decision making about the development of irrigation and drainage activities, land preparation or fertilizer management. These processing and graphical outputs can be performed on any day, as long as a data connection is maintained. Activate internet with WiFi or data on a device such as a smartphone or tablet.
La configuración de sistemas y dispositivos que capturan, almacenas y procesan datos se limita a datos puntuales, sin la posibilidad de ofrecer entornos gráficos espaciales y para diferentes momentos de desarrollo de los cultivos. The configuration of systems and devices that capture, store and process data is limited to specific data, without the possibility of offering spatial graphic environments and for different moments of crop development.
De acuerdo con esto, la presente invención se refiere a un sistema o dispositivo de integración mediante una herramienta única de procesamiento de la generación de datos espaciales de los suelos agrícolas para gestionar salidas gráficas representadas como mapas de contorno por variable analizada, y su método asociado. Accordingly, the present invention refers to an integration system or device using a unique processing tool for the generation of spatial data of agricultural soils to manage graphic outputs represented as contour maps per analyzed variable, and its associated method. .
De este modo, las Figuras 1 a 3 muestran el sistema de la presente invención de integración, donde dicho sistema se caracteriza porque comprende o está compuesto principalmente de los siguientes componentes o partes que lo diferencian de los existentes en el estado del arte. In this way, Figures 1 to 3 show the integration system of the present invention, where said system is characterized because it comprises or is composed mainly of the following components or parts that differentiate it from those existing in the state of the art.
Un dispositivo (1 ) que se compone por una terminal móvil (2) que cuenta con una aplicación informática (3) instalada, la cual dispone de un directorio (4) para el registro manual de datos de entrada como generalidades de la zona, suelo y cultivo, en donde estos datos tienen la posibilidad de ser almacenados temporalmente en una plataforma (6) en línea con opción de guardar los datos en la terminal móvil (2), por medio de un botón (7) de descarga. La aplicación informática (3) incluye una serie de módulos (8) dispuestos para el ingreso manual o automatizado de datos capturados con equipos de medición (9), donde los datos se ingresan manualmente en cada uno de los módulos (8) a partir de información capturada en campo, definiendo previamente una malla de muestreo (5) compuesta por nodos (5A), incluyendo coordenadas geográficas y la cuantía de la variable por nodo (5A). El usuario (10) tiene la posibilidad de abrir módulos (8) dispuestos para consultar datos de clima (8A), preparar terreno (8B), programar riego (8C), programar fertilización (8D), ver informes (8D) o recurrir a una asistencia técnica especializada (8E). A device (1) that is made up of a mobile terminal (2) that has a computer application (3) installed, which has a directory (4) for manual recording of input data such as general information about the area, land and cultivation, where these data have the possibility of being temporarily stored on an online platform (6) with the option of saving the data on the mobile terminal (2), through a download button (7). The computer application (3) includes a series of modules (8) arranged for manual or automated entry of data captured with measuring equipment (9), where the data is entered manually in each of the modules (8) from information captured in the field, previously defining a sampling mesh (5) composed of nodes (5A), including geographical coordinates and the amount of the variable per node (5A). The user (10) has the possibility of opening modules (8) arranged to consult climate data (8A), prepare land (8B), schedule irrigation (8C), schedule fertilization (8D), view reports (8D) or resort to specialized technical assistance (8E).
Así las cosas, el dispositivo (1 ) opera mediante una conexión de internet (11 ) o una conectividad de datos (12) articulada con la terminal móvil (2). En una configuración, sobre los nodos (5A) de la malla de muestreo (5) se instalan sensores (13) a diferentes profundidades para evaluar parámetros de suelo (13A) y sobre la superficie del terreno para evaluar datos de clima (13B) en zona, configurando y enviando una señal (14) desde los sensores (13) a la aplicación informática (3) instalada en la terminal móvil (2) y capturando los datos en cada uno de los módulos (8) de manera automatizada. Thus, the device (1) operates through an internet connection (11) or data connectivity (12) articulated with the mobile terminal (2). In one configuration, sensors (13) are installed on the nodes (5A) of the sampling mesh (5) at different depths to evaluate soil parameters (13A) and on the surface of the land to evaluate climate data (13B) in the area, configuring and sending a signal (14) from the sensors (13) to the computer application (3) installed in the mobile terminal (2) and capturing the data in each of the modules (8) in an automated manner.
De este modo, los datos georreferenciados capturados por el nodo (5A) y sobre toda la malla de muestreo (5) son ingresados en cada uno de los módulos (8) de manera independiente, y según el propósito del procesamiento, se genera una secuencia individual con salida gráfica (16) autónoma mediante uña téela (15) de procesamiento dispuesta en cada módulo (8). En una configuración, el módulo de datos de clima (8A) se puede sincronizar con herramientas satelitales (19) de datos climáticos que se pueden consultar y extraer en un archivo base (20) de consulta, siguiendo unas recomendaciones de consulta dispuestas en el módulo de consulta de datos de clima (8A). In this way, the georeferenced data captured by the node (5A) and on the entire sampling mesh (5) are entered into each of the modules (8) independently, and depending on the purpose of the processing, a sequence is generated. individual with autonomous graphic output (16) through a processing panel (15) arranged in each module (8). In one configuration, the climate data module (8A) can be synchronized with satellite climate data tools (19) that can be consulted and extracted into a query base file (20), following query recommendations provided in the module. climate data query (8A).
Luego, una vez se registran los datos de entrada en el directorio (4), y en uno o varios de los módulos (8), la aplicación informática (3) corre una rutina de programación que realiza un proceso de interpolación geoestadística en zonas no muestreadas pero partiendo de los datos registrados en los nodos (5A) de la malla de muestreo (5) manualmente o por medio de los sensores (13), gracias a la activación de una tecla (15) de procesamiento, permitiendo la generación de una salida gráfica (16) que refleja la distribución espacial del parámetro o parámetros a evaluar dentro de un polígono (17) que representa el área del predio y registrado en cualquiera de los módulos (8) que responde a las condiciones en tiempo real registradas para una fecha, hora y coordenadas geográficas específicas. Then, once the input data is recorded in the directory (4), and in one or more of the modules (8), the computer application (3) runs a programming routine that carries out a geostatistical interpolation process in areas not sampled but based on the data recorded in the nodes (5A) of the sampling mesh (5) manually or by means of the sensors (13), thanks to the activation of a processing key (15), allowing the generation of a graphic output (16) that reflects the spatial distribution of the parameter or parameters to be evaluated within a polygon (17) that represents the area of the property and recorded in any of the modules (8) that responds to the real-time conditions recorded for a date, time and specific geographic coordinates.
En una configuración, la aplicación informática (3) incluye un panel (18) de recomendaciones generales sobre la salida gráfica (16) para consulta por parte del usuario (10). En una segunda configuración, la aplicación informática (3) dispone de un módulo de asistencia técnica especializada (8E) que permite contactar un profesional en línea que gestione consultas y recomendaciones sobre los resultados de la salida gráfica (16). In one configuration, the computer application (3) includes a panel (18) of general recommendations on the graphic output (16) for consultation by the user (10). In a second configuration, the computer application (3) has a specialized technical assistance module (8E) that allows contacting an online professional to manage queries and recommendations on the results of the graphic output (16).
De acuerdo con lo anterior, se pueden realizar pruebas de escritorio (21 ) con herramientas de programación (22) para validar la confiabilidad de la salida gráfica (16) procesada en la aplicación informática (3), mediante la descarga de un archivo base (20) que contiene los datos ingresados en cada uno de los módulos (8). In accordance with the above, desktop tests (21) can be performed with programming tools (22) to validate the reliability of the graphic output (16) processed in the computer application (3), by downloading a base file (20) that contains the data entered in each of the modules (8).
Así mismo, es posible la habilitación de un acceso remoto (23) en la aplicación informática (3), para visualizar desde un equipo de escritorio (24) y validar la funcionalidad de la aplicación informática (3) en cada etapa de procesamiento. Por lo tanto, es necesario la habilitación de una contraseña (25) por parte del usuario (10) para permitir el ingreso de dicho acceso remoto (23). Likewise, it is possible to enable remote access (23) in the computer application (3), to view from a desktop computer (24) and validate the functionality of the computer application (3) at each processing stage. Therefore, it is necessary to enable a password (25) by the user (10) to allow entry of said remote access (23).
Así las cosas, el sistema o dispositivo de sistema de la presente invención analiza de manera diferenciada e integrada a través de datos obtenidos por herramientas de testeo, tales como coordenadas geográficas, temperatura, precipitación y resultados de muestreo puntuales, información detallada para asociar lo que sucede en el suelo y en el clima, para permitir de este modo la toma adecuada de decisiones, todo en tiempo real. Thus, the system or system device of the present invention analyzes in a differentiated and integrated manner through data obtained by testing tools, such as geographical coordinates, temperature, precipitation and specific sampling results, detailed information to associate what It happens in the soil and in the climate, thus allowing appropriate decision-making, all in real time.
De este modo, el productor puede hacer uso de este sistema o dispositivo de acuerdo con el ciclo y tipo del cultivo, haciendo énfasis en cada uno de los módulos dispuestos: preparación de terreno, riego y drenaje, fertilización, asesoría técnica y generación de informes frente a los mapas generados aplicando técnicas geoestadísticas. In this way, the producer can use this system or device according to the cycle and type of the crop, emphasizing each of the modules provided: land preparation, irrigation and drainage, fertilization, technical advice and generation of reports. compared to maps generated by applying geostatistical techniques.
La presente invención también está dirigida a un método de captura, almacenamiento y procesamiento de datos con salida gráfica, el cual está asociado al sistema definido anteriormente, en donde dicho método se caracteriza porque comprende las siguientes etapas o pasos que lo difieren del estado del arte: a) Instalar la aplicación informática (3) en una terminal móvil (2), con conexión de internet (11 ) o conectividad de datos (12); b) Cargar el directorio (4) para el registro de datos base como generalidades de la zona, suelo y cultivo; c) Seleccionar el o los módulos (8) sobre los cuales se desea ejecutar el procesamiento, cada uno individualmente; d) Ingresar los datos de campo por parte del usuario (10) en cada uno de los módulos (8) o activar una señal (14) de los sensores (13) para la transferencia de datos automática a la aplicación informática (3); e) Dirigirse a la tecla (15) de procesamiento y activarla para procesar los datos y generar la salida gráfica (16) dispuesta en cada módulo (8); f) Consultar el panel (18) de recomendaciones generales sobre la salida gráfica (16) ; g) Activar el módulo de asistencia técnica especializada (8E) para consultas y recomendaciones en línea sobre los resultados de la salida gráfica (16); h) Almacenar las salidas gráficas (16) y archivos base (20) generados en cada procesamiento; y i) Repetir el proceso cuantas veces se considere necesario. The present invention is also directed to a method of capturing, storing and processing data with graphic output, which is associated with the system defined above, where said method is characterized because it comprises the following stages or steps that differ from the state of the art. : a) Install the computer application (3) on a mobile terminal (2), with an internet connection (11) or data connectivity (12); b) Load the directory (4) for the registration of base data such as general information about the area, soil and crop; c) Select the module(s) (8) on which you wish to execute the processing, each one individually; d) Enter the field data by the user (10) in each of the modules (8) or activate a signal (14) from the sensors (13) for automatic data transfer to the computer application (3); e) Go to the processing key (15) and activate it to process the data and generate the graphic output (16) arranged in each module (8); f) Consult the panel (18) for general recommendations on the graphic output (16); g) Activate the specialized technical assistance module (8E) for online consultations and recommendations on the results of the graphic output (16); h) Store the graphic outputs (16) and base files (20) generated in each processing; and i) Repeat the process as many times as necessary.
Aunque la presente invención ha sido definida en términos de las modalidades y/o configuraciones preferidas que permiten obtener el resultado deseado, se entiende entonces que dentro de la presente divulgación se contemplan las múltiples modificaciones y/o alternativas que se puedan derivar de forma evidente para un experto en la materia, razón por la cual el alcance de la presente invención no está definido únicamente por las implementaciones preferidas definidas acá, sino que, por el contrario, el mismo está enteramente definido por las reivindicaciones adjuntas. Although the present invention has been defined in terms of the preferred modalities and/or configurations that allow obtaining the desired result, it is then understood that within the present disclosure the multiple modifications and/or alternatives that can be derived in an obvious way are contemplated. a person skilled in the art, which is why the scope of the present invention is not defined solely by the preferred implementations defined here, but, on the contrary, it is entirely defined by the attached claims.
Así mismo, el método de la presente invención ha sido definido como una serie de etapas en un orden definido que permiten obtener un resultado; sin embargo, el experto en la materia entiende que estos pasos no están limitados al orden indicado en el presente documento, sino que se contemplan las variaciones, cambios o modificaciones que se puedan realizar en el mismo, y el orden de dichos pasos. Likewise, the method of the present invention has been defined as a series of steps in a defined order that allow obtaining a result; However, the person skilled in the art understands that these steps are not limited to the order indicated in this document, but that the variations, changes or modifications that may be made therein, and the order of said steps, are contemplated.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES Un sistema de integración por herramienta única de procesamiento de generación de datos espaciales de suelos agrícolas para gestión de salidas gráficas, caracterizado porque comprende un dispositivo (1 ) compuesto por una terminal móvil (2) que cuenta con una aplicación informática (3) instalada, la cual dispone de un directorio (4) para el registro manual de datos de entrada, en donde estos datos son almacenados temporalmente en una plataforma (6) en línea con opción de guardar en la terminal móvil (2), por medio de un botón de descarga (7), en donde la aplicación informática (3) incluye unos módulos (8) de ingreso manual o automatizado de datos capturados con equipos de medición (9) definiendo una malla de muestreo (5) compuesta por nodos (5A), incluyendo coordenadas geográficas y cuantía de la variable por nodo (5A), en donde el sistema además cuenta con sensores (13) instalados sobre los nodos (5A) de la malla de muestreo (5). El sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque los datos de entrada del directorio (4) incluyen generalidades de la zona, suelo y cultivo. El sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque los módulos incluyen consulta de datos de clima (8A), preparación de terreno (8B), programación de riego (8C), programación de fertilización (8D), visualización de informes (8D) o recurrencia a asistencia técnica especializada (8E). El sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque los sensores se instalan a diferentes profundidades para evaluar parámetros de suelo (13A) y sobre la superficie del terreno para evaluar datos de clima (13B) en la zona. El sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el dispositivo (1 ) cuenta con una conexión a internet (11 ) o una conectividad de datos (12) articulada con la terminal móvil (2). El sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el sistema además cuenta con una tecla de procesamiento (15) de generación de secuencia individual con salida gráfica (16) autónoma dispuesta en cada módulo (8). CLAIMS An integration system using a single tool for processing spatial data generation of agricultural soils for the management of graphic outputs, characterized in that it comprises a device (1) composed of a mobile terminal (2) that has a computer application (3) installed , which has a directory (4) for manual registration of input data, where these data are temporarily stored on an online platform (6) with the option to save in the mobile terminal (2), through a download button (7), where the computer application (3) includes modules (8) for manual or automated entry of data captured with measurement equipment (9) defining a sampling mesh (5) composed of nodes (5A) , including geographical coordinates and amount of the variable per node (5A), where the system also has sensors (13) installed on the nodes (5A) of the sampling mesh (5). The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the input data of the directory (4) includes generalities of the area, soil and crop. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the modules include climate data consultation (8A), land preparation (8B), irrigation programming (8C), fertilization programming (8D), display of reports (8D) or recourse to specialized technical assistance (8E). The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensors are installed at different depths to evaluate soil parameters (13A) and on the surface of the land to evaluate climate data (13B) in the area. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (1) has an internet connection (11) or data connectivity (12) articulated with the mobile terminal (2). The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the system also has a processing key (15) for generating individual sequence with autonomous graphic output (16) arranged in each module (8).
7. El sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 o 6, caracterizado porque la terminal móvil (2) incluye un panel (18) de recomendaciones generales sobre la salida gráfica (16) para consulta por parte del usuario (10). 7. The system according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the mobile terminal (2) includes a panel (18) of general recommendations on the graphic output (16) for consultation by the user (10).
8. El sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 o 6, caracterizado porque la terminal móvil (2) dispone de un módulo de asistencia técnica especializada (8E) de contacto a un profesional en línea para gestión de consultas y recomendaciones sobre los resultados de la salida gráfica (16). 8. The system according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the mobile terminal (2) has a specialized technical assistance module (8E) for contacting an online professional for managing queries and recommendations on the results of the test. graphic output (16).
9. El sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque la terminal móvil (2) además cuenta con un acceso remoto (23) en la aplicación informática (3) de visualización desde un equipo de escritorio (24) y validación de la funcionalidad de la aplicación informática (3) en cada etapa de procesamiento, por medio de una contraseña (25) por parte del usuario (10). 9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile terminal (2) also has remote access (23) to the computer application (3) for viewing from a desktop computer (24) and validating the functionality. of the computer application (3) at each processing stage, by means of a password (25) by the user (10).
10. Un método de captura, almacenamiento y procesamiento de datos con salida gráfica, asociado al sistema de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 9, el método caracterizado porque comprende: a. instalar la aplicación informática (3) en una terminal móvil (2), con conexión de internet (11 ) o conectividad de datos (12); b. cargar el directorio (4) para el registro de datos base como generalidades de la zona, suelo y cultivo; c. seleccionar el o los módulos (8) sobre los cuales se desea ejecutar el procesamiento, cada uno individualmente; d. ingresar los datos de campo por parte del usuario (10) en cada uno de los módulos (8) o activar una señal (14) de los sensores (13) para la transferencia de datos automática a la aplicación informática (3); e. dirigirse a la tecla (15) de procesamiento y activarla para procesar los datos y generar la salida gráfica (16) dispuesta en cada módulo (8); f. consultar el panel (18) de recomendaciones generales sobre la salida gráfica (16); g. activar el módulo de asistencia técnica especializada (8E) para consultas y recomendaciones en línea sobre los resultados de la salida gráfica (16); h. almacenar las salidas gráficas (16) y archivos base (20) generados en cada procesamiento; y i. repetir el proceso cuantas veces se considere necesario. 10. A method of capturing, storing and processing data with graphic output, associated with the system according to any of claims 1 to 9, the method characterized in that it comprises: a. install the computer application (3) on a mobile terminal (2), with an internet connection (11) or data connectivity (12); b. load the directory (4) for the registration of base data such as general information about the area, soil and crop; c. select the module(s) (8) on which you wish to execute the processing, each one individually; d. enter the field data by the user (10) in each of the modules (8) or activate a signal (14) from the sensors (13) for automatic data transfer to the computer application (3); and. go to the processing key (15) and activate it to process the data and generate the graphic output (16) arranged in each module (8); F. consult the panel (18) for general recommendations on the graphic output (16); g. activate the specialized technical assistance module (8E) for online consultations and recommendations on the results of the graphic output (16); h. store the graphic outputs (16) and base files (20) generated in each processing; and i. Repeat the process as many times as necessary.
PCT/IB2023/054619 2022-05-05 2023-05-03 System and method for evaluating and diagnosing in real time the specific conditions and physical, chemical and microbiological properties of agricultural soil WO2023214338A1 (en)

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