WO2023214024A1 - Composant horloger en alliage de titane poli - Google Patents
Composant horloger en alliage de titane poli Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023214024A1 WO2023214024A1 PCT/EP2023/061961 EP2023061961W WO2023214024A1 WO 2023214024 A1 WO2023214024 A1 WO 2023214024A1 EP 2023061961 W EP2023061961 W EP 2023061961W WO 2023214024 A1 WO2023214024 A1 WO 2023214024A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- titanium alloy
- watch
- temperature
- component according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B37/00—Cases
- G04B37/22—Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
- A44C27/001—Materials for manufacturing jewellery
- A44C27/002—Metallic materials
- A44C27/003—Metallic alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
- G04D3/0074—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B3/00—Normal winding of clockworks by hand or mechanically; Winding up several mainsprings or driving weights simultaneously
- G04B3/04—Rigidly-mounted keys, knobs or crowns
Definitions
- the invention relates to a watch or jewelry component, comprising at least one part based on a titanium alloy. It also concerns a timepiece as such, comprising such a timepiece component. Finally, it also relates to a process for manufacturing such a watch or jewelry component.
- a low density is useful for minimizing the overall weight of a timepiece.
- An aim of the invention is to define a solution to allow expanded use of a titanium alloy in a watch or jewelry component, not limited to the possibilities defined by the state of the art.
- Figure 6 represents an example of mechanical spectroscopy measurements used by the embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 8 represents HV0.2 hardness measurements as a function of annealing time obtained on samples of Ti-5553 titanium alloy respectively obtained with a method according to one embodiment of the invention (steps 1 -4) and according to an alternative process (steps 1 -2+4, without step 3).
- Figure 1 1 is an observation of a Ti-4733 titanium alloy using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) obtained by the implementation of an alternative process (steps 1 -2+4).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the invention is thus based first of all on a method of manufacturing all or part of a component made of titanium alloy, or based on a titanium alloy, which makes it possible in particular to implement a step of polishing a surface made of titanium alloy, or based on titanium alloy, of said component in a manner compatible with the high demands of watchmaking or jewelry.
- the manufacturing process is based on a thermomechanical treatment which comprises the following steps, schematically illustrated in Figure 3:
- Figure 4 schematically represents an implementation of the first two stages of the process according to a particularly advantageous embodiment.
- the second step of succession of deformation cycles comprises, according to this embodiment, a succession of cold deformation cycles D and recrystallization RX heat treatments.
- the goal of this step is to obtain a microstructure which always includes a maximum, ideally 100%, of phase p, therefore with a minimum, ideally without presence, of phase a, and with the lowest possible grain size. Indeed, it is very difficult to deform the material in the presence of phase a, which is harder and which will induce cracks during deformation. It is therefore very difficult to reduce the grain size of the [3 phase in the presence of phase a.
- the chosen approach overcomes this difficulty by acting on the alloy composed entirely of phase [3. Naturally, the process could be carried out in the presence of a small quantity of phase a, preferably less than 10% by volume.
- this second step the deformation of the titanium alloy part introduces dislocations into the alloy, which induce recrystallization into finer grains during heat treatment.
- cold deformation such as room temperature rolling or cold forging
- hot deformation process such as forging or high temperature uniaxial deformation.
- this second step thus has the function of reducing as much as possible the size of the microstructure, more precisely of the phase grains [3.
- Figure 5 schematically represents an implementation of the last two stages of the process according to a particularly advantageous embodiment.
- the fourth step, the precipitation of phase a includes a heat treatment Ta carried out at a temperature between 350°C and 650°C for a period of between 1 hour and 3 hours, or even between 500°C and 600° C for a period of between 1 hour and 3 hours.
- This step allows a final phase to appear in the titanium alloy.
- This growth (precipitation) of an a phase by germination of a co phase has the advantage of obtaining a fine (ideally sub-micron, or even between 1 and 10 pm for the largest dimension) and homogeneous distribution of the phase. has in the alloy.
- the resulting structure is advantageously not a lamellar structure.
- precipitation at grain boundaries, even if it can occur, does not constitute a majority part of phase a.
- the third stage has been described as a separate, independent stage.
- it could be included in the temperature rise ramp of the fourth stage, that is to say correspond to a sub-stage of this fourth stage.
- the process described above makes it possible to obtain an alloy best combining the two phases a and [3, which each bring their advantages to the alloy without presenting the disadvantages of the state of the art.
- phase a makes it possible to achieve a satisfactory hardness of the alloy, which would be too soft with phase [3 only.
- the good distribution of the a phase and its nanometric dimension also favor obtaining this optimal hardness of the alloy.
- the minimum hardness is important to be able to carry out a polishing step, which would deteriorate the surface if the material was too soft. Hardness also naturally promotes maintaining the quality of the surface condition over time.
- Figure 8 represents an example of HV0.2 hardness measurements obtained on samples of Ti-5553 titanium alloy obtained with a method according to one embodiment of the invention (steps 1 -4) and an alternative process (steps 1 -2+4, without step 3), depending on the annealing time t at a temperature of 550°C during step 4.
- phase [3 is determining for the reflectivity of the surface.
- Large phase [3 grains can, for example, have variable reflectivities which are detrimental to the resulting visual appearance on the surface. Indeed, if these [3 phase grains are too large, they form irregularities visible to the naked eye on the surface during a surface polishing step.
- the process makes it possible to minimize the size of the phase grains [3.
- the process allows homogenization of the distribution of the phase a within the phase grains [3.
- the different stages of the process are carried out under certain temperature conditions chosen to control the structure of the titanium alloy.
- these temperature values depend on the composition of the titanium alloy used. It is therefore not optimized to predefine fixed temperature values, but it is advantageous to choose the appropriate temperatures for each alloy in order to implement the process according to the embodiment in an optimized manner.
- the method comprises one or more sub-steps of determining the optimized temperatures to be considered, in particular the transition temperatures, such as the germination of the co phase and the a phase and the temperature recrystallization.
- the nucleation of a w phase can be demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy, in particular by electron diffraction which shows the appearance of the unambiguous signature of the crystal structure of the w phase.
- transmission electron microscopy in particular by electron diffraction which shows the appearance of the unambiguous signature of the crystal structure of the w phase.
- electrical resistance which varies slightly when the co phase precipitates.
- FIG. 9 represents roughness measurements Rt, Rz and Ra (the values of Ra being multiplied by 10 on the bar graph) obtained on samples of Ti-5553 alloy obtained respectively with a method according to an embodiment of the invention (steps 1 -4) and according to two alternative processes (respectively by implementing only steps 1 -2+4, without step 3, and by implementing only steps 1 -2, without the steps 3 and 4).
- the three roughness parameters considered are measured and calculated according to the ISO 21920 standard, with Rt, called total height: the distance between the deepest point and the highest point of all the profiles considered; Rz, called maximum height: the average value over all the profiles of the maximum distance between the deepest point and the highest point, and Ra, called arithmetic average height; the length of the profiles considered being 0.8 mm.
- the sample according to the alternative process called “steps 1 -2” corresponds to a sample quenched from phase [3, without formation of phase a, with a low hardness and less than 300HV0.2.
- the roughness is far lower on the samples according to the invention in comparison with the samples obtained with alternative methods, for the three roughness parameters considered.
- the optimized implementation according to the method of the invention makes it possible to obtain, as a second effect, minimal surface roughness. More precisely, when the third step of the process is omitted, a microstructure is obtained with a maximum difference in height measured between the different phase grains [3 on a polished surface of approximately 100 nm (measured area of typically 1.5x1. 5 mm 2 ), as indicated by the measurement of the roughness parameter Rz; thus, the polishability is judged to be very average by a specialist, which is manifested by visible areas on the surface in the shape of “orange peel”.
- Figure 10 illustrates an observation of a sample of titanium alloy Ti-4733, obtained by a method according to the invention, with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), taken in a dark field with the sample aligned along an axis of zone ⁇ 1 10>, by selecting one of the beams diffracted by phase a.
- the sample obtained according to an alternative process represented in Figure 1 1, with step 4 carried out at a low temperature of the recommended range (390°C for 1 h), shows very good growth. extent of grains a, in a given preferential direction, with a very inhomogeneous distribution.
- phase a is very inhomogeneous with very elongated grains, of more than 500 nm according to their largest dimension, as in Figure 1 1 .
- the sample according to the invention (steps 1 -4), with a germination step of the w phase at 240°C for 1 hour before annealing of step 4 at 390°C for 1 h, shows very fine and homogeneously dispersed phase a grains.
- TEM observations carried out after step 3 and before step 4 show the presence of co phase, without the presence of a phase.
- a low temperature between 150°C and 350°C for a maximum duration of 4 hours may be suitable, and even a low temperature between 250°C and 330°C. °C for a period of between 2 hours and 4 hours may be suitable.
- the temperature/duration pair can be set between (500°C, 1 hour) and (600°C, 3 hours). The above conditions can therefore be adjusted and should not be considered as fixed and absolute limits.
- steps 1 and 2 presented above there are alternatives to steps 1 and 2 presented above to obtain a microstructure formed of small phase [3 grains. It is in particular possible to carry out hot forging and deformation, at a temperature below T
- phase a grains may already be present and the aim is to refine the [3 grains as much as possible through deformation.
- Steps 3 and 4 in particular step 3 of germination of the eu phase, remain unchanged.
- step 3 of germination of the eu phase can also include forging and deformation to combine mechanical grain refining with the formation of very fine and homogeneously dispersed eu grains.
- the invention also consists of a process for manufacturing a watch or jewelry component, characterized in that it comprises a step of finishing by polishing a titanium alloy surface of the component.
- the manufacturing process according to the embodiment can be implemented with any titanium alloy.
- certain titanium alloys have a more favorable structure than others, which allows optimal results to be obtained, particularly in terms of polishability.
- these alloys include alloying elements which stabilize the phase [3 at room temperature.
- Ti-5553 or Ti-4733 alloys; or even the alloy Ti-5553 or Ti-4733 or Ti-10-2-3 or Beta-C or VT22 or Ti-1 - 8-5 or Ti-8823; or even the alloy Ti-5553 or Ti-4733 or Ti-10-2-3 or Beta-C or VT22 or Ti-1 -8-5 or Ti-8823 or Beta21 S or Timetal21 S or Betalll or TMA give very good results.
- a titanium alloy can be characterized by the parameters Bo and Md, which are respectively the bond order (“bond order” in English) and the average energy level of the d orbitals (“Mean d - orbital energy level >> in English), defined by Morinaga (see M. Morinaga, The molecular orbital approach and its application to biomedical titanium alloy design, in Titanium in Medical and Dental Applications, FH Froes and M.
- Beta C Ti-3864 Ti-3AI-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo 15.7 2,335 2,783
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain both high hardness and a fine microstructure, and therefore good polishability and low roughness after polishing.
- the germination and growth of phase a are controlled by two annealing steps (steps 3 and 4), preferably on the basis of a microstructure of small phase grains [3.
- the size of the [3 phase grains is given by the recrystallization and deformation steps, and the size of the a phase grains by the germination of the co phase initially (annealing of step 3), then by a additional annealing in a second step (step 4). Characterization of the alloy by mechanical spectroscopy makes it possible to identify the temperature and duration of the different anneals.
- the invention also relates to a watch or jewelry component as such, characterized in that it comprises at least one part made of titanium alloy, or based on titanium alloy, including a surface of this titanium alloy is polished.
- a watch or jewelry component as such, characterized in that it comprises at least one part made of titanium alloy, or based on titanium alloy, including a surface of this titanium alloy is polished.
- This polishing can for example be defined by the difference between the average heights of the phase grains [3 of the polished titanium alloy surface, which can be less than 150 nm, or even less than 120 nm, or even less than 100 nm.
- This polishing can also, alternatively or in addition, be defined by the roughness parameter Rz, corresponding to the maximum distance between the deepest point and the highest point observed on all of the measured profiles, which can be less than 90 nm, or even less than 80 nm, or even less than 60 nm.
- This polishing can alternatively or in addition be defined by the roughness parameter Ra, defined by the standard recalled previously, the value of which is less than 15 nm, or even less than 12 nm, or even less than 10 nm. The invention is not limited to polishing defined by this precise value of roughness.
- the titanium alloy comprises phase a distributed homogeneously within the phase grains [3.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2024565075A JP2025515133A (ja) | 2022-05-06 | 2023-05-05 | 研磨されたチタン合金製の時計部品 |
| CN202380038762.8A CN119156462A (zh) | 2022-05-06 | 2023-05-05 | 由抛光的钛合金制成的钟表部件 |
| US18/861,914 US20250328109A1 (en) | 2022-05-06 | 2023-05-05 | Timepiece component made of polished titanium alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22172027 | 2022-05-06 | ||
| EP22172027.9 | 2022-05-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023214024A1 true WO2023214024A1 (fr) | 2023-11-09 |
Family
ID=81585183
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/061961 Ceased WO2023214024A1 (fr) | 2022-05-06 | 2023-05-05 | Composant horloger en alliage de titane poli |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250328109A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4273287A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025515133A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN119156462A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023214024A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06136498A (ja) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-05-17 | Seiko Instr Inc | β型チタン合金の鏡面処理方法 |
| DE69014501T2 (de) * | 1989-09-08 | 1995-05-11 | Seiko Instr Inc | Verfahren zur Behandlung von Titanlegierung und damit hergestelltes Stück. |
| CH704233A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-06-29 | Richemont Int Sa | Pièces d'habillage en titane pour l'horlogerie. |
-
2023
- 2023-05-05 US US18/861,914 patent/US20250328109A1/en active Pending
- 2023-05-05 JP JP2024565075A patent/JP2025515133A/ja active Pending
- 2023-05-05 EP EP23171832.1A patent/EP4273287A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-05-05 WO PCT/EP2023/061961 patent/WO2023214024A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-05-05 CN CN202380038762.8A patent/CN119156462A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69014501T2 (de) * | 1989-09-08 | 1995-05-11 | Seiko Instr Inc | Verfahren zur Behandlung von Titanlegierung und damit hergestelltes Stück. |
| JPH06136498A (ja) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-05-17 | Seiko Instr Inc | β型チタン合金の鏡面処理方法 |
| CH704233A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-06-29 | Richemont Int Sa | Pièces d'habillage en titane pour l'horlogerie. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4273287A1 (fr) | 2023-11-08 |
| CN119156462A (zh) | 2024-12-17 |
| US20250328109A1 (en) | 2025-10-23 |
| JP2025515133A (ja) | 2025-05-13 |
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