WO2023213244A1 - 一种电子锁及充电座 - Google Patents

一种电子锁及充电座 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023213244A1
WO2023213244A1 PCT/CN2023/091685 CN2023091685W WO2023213244A1 WO 2023213244 A1 WO2023213244 A1 WO 2023213244A1 CN 2023091685 W CN2023091685 W CN 2023091685W WO 2023213244 A1 WO2023213244 A1 WO 2023213244A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electronic lock
transmission
rod
transmission gear
lock according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/091685
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王超
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd filed Critical Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
Publication of WO2023213244A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023213244A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/639—Additional means for holding or locking coupling parts together, after engagement, e.g. separate keylock, retainer strap
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular to an electronic lock and charging stand.
  • Pure electric vehicles among new energy vehicles provide electric energy to the electric motor through the battery to drive the electric motor to run, thus driving the vehicle.
  • Rechargeable batteries for pure electric vehicles mainly include lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. These batteries can provide power for electric vehicles.
  • pure electric vehicles also use batteries to store electrical energy and drive the motor. , to allow the vehicle to drive normally, the battery of pure electric vehicles is mainly charged by a new energy vehicle charging gun.
  • This application uses a driving device to synchronously control two locking rods, which can improve control accuracy, effectively reduce manufacturing costs, and reduce the number of sub-parts.
  • the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides an electronic lock, including a driving device, a transmission structure, a first locking rod, a second locking rod and a housing;
  • the transmission mechanism, the first locking rod and the second locking rod are arranged in the housing, and the first locking rod and the second locking rod can extend out of the housing;
  • the transmission mechanism includes a deceleration mechanism and an output mechanism connected in sequence.
  • the deceleration mechanism is connected to the driving device.
  • the output mechanism is used to drive the first locking rod and the second locking rod to move.
  • An embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a charging stand, including an electronic lock as described above, the first One of the locking lever and the second locking lever is used to lock the DC charging gun and the other is used to lock the AC charging gun.
  • the beneficial effect of this application is that only one driving device is required to drive the two locking rods to open and close at the same time, which enables the electronic lock to simultaneously lock the DC charging gun and the AC charging gun without increasing the manufacturing cost of the electronic lock.
  • the electronic lock has a simple structure and is easy to use.
  • the advantage of using helical gears for reduction transmission in this application is good meshing performance and large overlap, which can extend the life of the gears.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic lock according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rack of an electronic lock according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the fixing part of the electronic lock according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • any specific values are to be construed as illustrative only and not as limiting. Accordingly, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
  • the inventor believes after research that the technical field of new energy vehicles needs an electronic lock that synchronously controls multiple locking rods, and uses a driving device to control multiple locking rods at the same time to lock and connect the charging gun to solve the problem.
  • the driving device has a large number of parts and high manufacturing costs.
  • the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides an electronic lock, as shown in Figures 1-3, including a driving device 1, a transmission structure, a first locking rod 2, a second locking rod 3 and a housing 4;
  • the transmission mechanism, the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 are arranged in the housing 4, and the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 can extend out of the housing 4;
  • the transmission mechanism includes a deceleration mechanism and an output mechanism connected in sequence.
  • the deceleration mechanism is connected to the driving device 1, and the output mechanism is used to drive the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 to move synchronously.
  • the driving device can be arranged inside the housing 4 or outside the housing 4 .
  • the driving device 1 is used to output rotational motion.
  • the deceleration mechanism is connected with the output shaft of the driving device 1 to decelerate the rotational motion output by the driving device 1 and drive the output mechanism to move.
  • the output mechanism drives the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 2.
  • the two locking rods 3 move in and out of the housing 4 synchronously to complete the unlocking or closing action.
  • the output mechanism converts the rotational motion decelerated by the reduction mechanism into linear motion to drive the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 to move linearly synchronously.
  • two transmission mechanisms are connected to the driving device 1.
  • the electronic lock has a simple structure and is easy to use.
  • the output mechanism includes a transmission rod 5 connected to the reduction mechanism, a first output gear 6 and a second output gear 7;
  • the first output gear 6 and/or the second output gear 7 are coaxially arranged with the transmission rod 5;
  • the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 are each provided with a rack 21, and the rack 21 meshes with the first output gear 6 and the second output gear 7 respectively.
  • the reduction mechanism drives the transmission rod 5 to rotate, and the first output gear 6 and the second output gear 7 provided on the transmission rod 5 rotate accordingly, and drives the rack 21 to drive the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 to move in a straight line. sports.
  • the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 can be driven in and out of the lock hole of the housing 4 by the transmission rod 5 .
  • the transmission ratio between the driving device 1 and the transmission rod 5 is 2/1 ⁇ 200/1. If the transmission ratio is too large, it will take a long time for the transmission rod 5 to rotate. If the transmission ratio is too small, the control will be inaccurate and abnormal noise will easily occur. Therefore, the inventor chose different transmission ratios for testing and observed the number of locking or opening actions completed within 1 minute. Less than 40 times was considered unqualified, and abnormal noise was also considered unqualified. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • a manual unlocking device is provided on the transmission rod 5 .
  • the electronic lock of this application is designed with a manual unlocking device.
  • the unlocking device is an unlocking pin 51 provided on the transmission rod 5.
  • the unlocking pin 51 is connected by a pull rope. When you need to manually unlock the housing 4, you can pull the pull rope, and then pull the unlocking pin 51.
  • the unlocking pin 51 drives the transmission rod 5 to rotate, and then drives the first output gear 6 and the second output gear 7 to rotate, driving the first output gear 6 and the second output gear 7 to rotate.
  • the locking lever 2 and the second locking lever 3 retract, thereby completing manual unlocking.
  • an unlocking handle is coaxially provided on the transmission rod 5, and the unlocking handle is arranged outside the housing 4. When unlocking is required, the unlocking handle can be rotated to drive the transmission rod 5 to rotate to achieve unlocking.
  • the reduction mechanism is composed of a plurality of gears connected by transmission.
  • helical gears are used.
  • the advantages of helical gears are good meshing performance and large overlap. An increase in the overlap increases the load-bearing capacity of the gear. This can extend the life of the gear; at the same time, the helical gear has a compact structure. Under the same transmission ratio, it requires fewer teeth and a smaller gear diameter.
  • the reduction mechanism includes a first transmission gear 81 connected to the output end of the driving device 1 , a second transmission gear 82 meshing with the first transmission gear 81 , and a second transmission gear 82 meshed with the second transmission gear 82 .
  • the third transmission gear 83 of the shaft and the fourth transmission gear 84 mesh with the third transmission gear 83; the diameter of the third transmission gear 83 is smaller than the diameter of the second transmission gear 82; the fourth transmission gear 84 is connected with the output mechanism.
  • the output end of the output device 1 drives the first transmission gear 81 to rotate, and the second transmission gear 82 meshed with the first transmission gear 81 rotates accordingly.
  • the third transmission gear 83 which is coaxial with the second transmission gear 82 and has a smaller diameter, also rotates.
  • the fourth transmission gear 84 is rotated and driven to rotate, thereby completing the high-speed rotation output by the driving device into a relatively low-speed rotation, and the fourth transmission gear 84 then drives the output mechanism to complete the unlocking action.
  • the first transmission gear 81 , the second transmission gear 82 , the third transmission gear 83 and the fourth transmission gear 84 are all helical gears.
  • the reduction mechanism includes a fifth transmission gear connected to the output end of the driving device 1 and a sixth transmission gear meshed with the fifth transmission gear; the diameter of the fifth transmission gear is smaller than the diameter of the sixth transmission gear; the sixth transmission gear The transmission gear is connected with the output mechanism.
  • the driving device 1 drives the fifth transmission gear to rotate, and then drives the sixth transmission gear to rotate. It only needs one stage of deceleration to complete the simultaneous control of the two locking rods.
  • the transmission ratio between the driving device 1 and the third transmission gear 83 is 1/1 ⁇ 20/1. If the transmission ratio between the driving device 1 and the third transmission gear 83 is too large, it will take a long time for the transmission rod 5 to rotate. If the transmission ratio is too small, the control will be inaccurate and abnormal noise will easily occur. Therefore, the inventor selected different transmission ratios of the driving device 1 and the third transmission gear 83 for testing, and observed the number of locking or opening actions completed within 1 minute. If less than 40 times were completed, it would be considered unqualified, and abnormal noise would also be considered as unqualified. Unqualified, the results are shown in Table 2.
  • Table 2 Effects of different transmission ratios between the driving device 1 and the third transmission gear 83 on the speed of the electronic lock
  • the transmission ratio between the third transmission gear 83 and the transmission rod 5 is 1/1 ⁇ 20/1. If the transmission ratio between the third transmission gear 83 and the transmission rod 5 is too large, it will take a long time for the transmission rod 5 to rotate. If the transmission ratio is too small, the control will be inaccurate and abnormal noise will easily occur. Therefore, the inventor chose different transmission ratios of the third transmission gear 83 and the transmission rod 5 for testing, and observed the number of times the locking or opening action was completed within 1 minute. If less than 40 times were completed, it would be considered unqualified, and abnormal noise would also be considered unqualified. , the results are shown in Table 3.
  • the surface roughness Ra of the first transmission gear 81 , the second transmission gear 82 , the third transmission gear 83 and the fourth transmission gear 84 is 0.4 ⁇ m-6.5 ⁇ m. If the surface roughness of the gear is not enough, it is very likely that a tooth will spin idle during the transmission process. If the roughness is too large, the friction between the teeth will cause abnormal noise. To this end, the inventor conducted a test using the third gear 83 as an example. The inventor chose a test gear and the third transmission gear 83 with different surface roughness. The test gear rotates to drive the third transmission gear 83 to rotate for 5 minutes. If one tooth is idling, it is deemed unqualified. If abnormal noise occurs, it is also unqualified. The results are shown in Table 4.
  • Table 4 Effect of surface roughness of the third transmission gear on whether it is idling and whether it makes abnormal noise
  • the inventor prefers that the surface roughness Ra of the first transmission gear 81 , the second transmission gear 82 , the third transmission gear 83 and the fourth transmission gear 84 is 0.4 ⁇ m to 6.5 ⁇ m.
  • the housing 4 is provided with lock holes for respectively receiving the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 to pass through.
  • the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 can move in and out of the lockhole to complete the locking or unlocking action under the driving of the driving device 1 .
  • the drive device 1 is provided within the housing 4 . That is to say, the entire electronic lock is a whole body arranged in the housing 4, which is convenient for production and processing. During installation, the whole electronic lock can be directly installed at the place where it needs to be used.
  • the drive device 1 is arranged outside the housing 4 .
  • the driving device 4 can be placed on the charging base, and only other mechanical structures are provided in the housing 4. In this way, if the transmission structure fails, there is no need to replace the driving device 1.
  • the shapes of the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 are one or more of a cylinder, a truncated cone, a cone, an elliptical cylinder, an elliptical cone, an elliptical cone, a polygonal prism, a polygonal cone and a polygonal pyramid. . In actual use, you can choose according to the shape of the keyhole of the charging device.
  • the length of the first locking rod 2 is 1mm ⁇ 95mm
  • the length of the second locking rod 3 is 1mm ⁇ 95mm.
  • first locking lever 2 and the second locking lever 3 are too short, the locking work cannot be completed. If the first locking lever 2 and the second locking lever 3 are too long, it will cause interference with the charging device and produce abnormal noise. Therefore, The inventor selected the first locking rod 2 with different lengths and the second locking rod 3 with different lengths for testing. If the locking cannot be completed, it is deemed as unqualified, and if abnormal noise occurs, it is deemed as unqualified. The test results are shown in Table 5.
  • the output power of the driving device 1 is 0.25W ⁇ 15.6W.
  • the output power of the driving device 1 determines the working speed of the electronic lock. The higher the power, the faster the electronic lock completes the work. The smaller the power, the slower the electronic lock completes the work. It may even be unable to complete the first lock rod 2 and the third lock lever.
  • the test method was to select driving devices 1 with different output powers. The other structures of the electronic lock were the same. Each driving device 1 worked continuously for 1 minute, and the electronic lock was recorded.
  • the output power of the driving device 1 is 0.25W
  • the number of switches completed by the electronic lock within 1 minute is less than 40 times, and the speed is too slow to be qualified. Therefore, the inventor chooses the minimum power of the driving device 1 to be 0.25 W.
  • the output power of the driving device 1 is greater than 15.6W, the electronic lock is affected by the overall design and the speed enters a bottleneck period without significant improvement. At the same time, abnormal noise will occur. Therefore, the output power of the driving device 1 selected by the inventor is 0.25W-15.6W. Specifically, it can be 0.9W, 0.96W, 1W, 1.08W, 5W, 10W, etc.
  • the output torque of the driving device 1 is 0.25N ⁇ mm ⁇ 20.5N ⁇ mm.
  • the torque of the driving device 1 determines the amount of force exerted on the lock rod. Taking the rotating motor as an example, if the torque is not enough, the lock rod cannot be driven to complete the switching action of the electronic lock. In order to verify the effects of rotating motors with different torques on the electronic lock switch, Impact, the inventor conducted relevant tests. The test method is to select rotating motors with different torques. The other structures of the electronic lock are the same. The rotating motor that can drive the deceleration mechanism to work normally is qualified, otherwise it is unqualified. At the same time, if the electronic lock is working Out during the process Abnormal noises are also considered unqualified. The test results are shown in Table 7:
  • the torque is greater than 20.5N ⁇ mm, although it can also drive the reduction mechanism to work, because the torque is too large, abnormal noise will occur when the electronic lock is working. Therefore, the inventor chose a driving device with a torque of 0.25N ⁇ mm ⁇ 20.5N ⁇ mm. . Specifically, it can be 3.50N ⁇ mm or 14.00N ⁇ mm, etc.
  • the rotation angle of the transmission rod 5 is 3.5° ⁇ 92°.
  • the rotation angle of the rotating lever 5 can also determine the strokes of the first locking lever 2 and the second locking lever 3 .
  • the rotation angle of the rotating rod 5 is too small, the strokes of the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 are not enough to complete the locking work.
  • the rotation angle of the rotating lever 5 is too large, after the first locking lever 2 and the second locking lever 3 are extended to the working position, the rotating lever 5 is still outputting rotational force, which may easily cause damage to the electronic lock.
  • the test method was to prepare the driving device 1 with different rotation angles of the rotating rod 5.
  • the other structures of the electronic lock are the same, which can make the first lock rod 2 and If the stroke of the second locking rod 3 completes the locking action, it is considered qualified; otherwise, it is considered unqualified.
  • a larger rotation angle means a larger stroke of the first lock lever 2 and the second lock lever 3, and accordingly the size of each connecting component needs to be increased, which can easily lead to contact with other components in the electronic lock. Affect the use of electronic locks. In this case, the rotation angle of the rotating rod 5 is also considered unqualified.
  • Table 8 The test results are as shown in Table 8:
  • Table 8 The impact of the rotation angle range of different rotating levers on the function of the electronic lock and whether it contacts other devices
  • the inventor chooses the rotation angle of the output end of the rotating rod 5 to be 3.5° to 92°. Specifically, it can be 50°, 60°, 70° or 80°, etc.
  • the material of the transmission rod 5 contains metal or non-metal.
  • the material of the transmission rod 5 contains one or more of iron, copper, aluminum, zinc, nickel or tin. Materials containing these elements have better strength and toughness, and can better meet the needs of the transmission rod 5.
  • the transmission rod 5 is made of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polypropylene, polyvinylidene Ethylene fluoride, polyurethane, polyterephthalic acid, polyurethane elastomer, styrene block copolymer, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, chlorinated polyethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polystyrene, cross-linked polyolefin, Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, cross-linked polyethylene, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyphenylene ether, polyester, phenolic resin, urea formaldehyde, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polymethacrylate, polyoxymethylene resin one of them.
  • polyformaldehyde is a hard and dense material with a smooth and shiny surface, light yellow or white, and can be Long-term use within the temperature range of -40°C ⁇ 100°C. Its wear resistance and self-lubricating properties are also superior to those of most engineering plastics, and it also has good oil resistance and peroxide resistance.
  • Polyester is generally polymerized from dimethyl terephthalate, 1,4-butanediol and polybutanol.
  • the chain segments include hard segments and soft segments and are thermoplastic elastomers.
  • Polycarbonate has high strength and elasticity coefficient, high impact strength, good fatigue resistance, good dimensional stability, small creep, high transparency and free dyeing.
  • Polyamide is non-toxic, lightweight, has excellent mechanical strength, wear resistance and good corrosion resistance, so it is widely used to replace metals such as copper.
  • Polyphenylene sulfide is a new type of high-performance thermoplastic resin with the advantages of high mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, chemical resistance, flame retardancy, good thermal stability, and excellent electrical properties.
  • Polytetrafluoroethylene is resistant to acids, alkalis, and various organic solvents, and is almost insoluble in all solvents. At the same time, PTFE has the characteristics of high temperature resistance.
  • the material of the transmission rod 5 contains fiberglass.
  • the materials of the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 include polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polypropylene, Polyvinylidene fluoride, polyurethane, polyterephthalic acid, polyurethane elastomer, styrene block copolymer, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, chlorinated polyethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polystyrene, cross-linked polyethylene Olefin, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, cross-linked polyethylene, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyphenylene ether, polyester, phenolic resin, urea formaldehyde, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polymethacrylate, polyformaldehyde One of the resin
  • Polycarbonate is colorless and transparent, heat-resistant, impact-resistant, flame-retardant BI grade, and has good mechanical properties at normal operating temperatures. Compared with polymethyl methacrylate, which has properties close to polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate has good impact resistance, high refractive index, good processing performance, and has very advanced flame retardant properties without the need for additives.
  • Polyamide is non-toxic, lightweight, has excellent mechanical strength, wear resistance and good corrosion resistance. Therefore, it is widely used to replace copper and other metals in the manufacture of bearings, gears, pumps in machinery, chemical industry, instrumentation, automobile and other industries. Leaves and other parts.
  • First The locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 require high strength, high temperature resistance, and high wear resistance. Therefore, polycarbonate or polyamide is the first choice for the first locking lever 2 and the second locking lever 3 .
  • the hardness of the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 is not less than 3HV.
  • the electronic lock will bend the locking rod when opened by an external force, which may cause the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 to break over time. , so it is necessary to select a locking rod with a certain hardness. For this reason, the inventor chose to use a force of 500N to conduct a bending test on locking rods with different hardnesses. If the first locking rod 2 and the second locking rod 3 bend, it is unqualified. , the results are shown in Table 9.
  • the rack 21 has a wear-resistant coating.
  • the material of the wear-resistant coating contains ceramics, alloys, oxides or fluoroplastics. That is to say, the wear-resistant coating can contain metal or non-metal.
  • non-metal is that when the electronic lock is working, the rack 21 is not easy to generate sparks with the first output gear 6 and the second output gear 7, which is more convenient in the power environment. Safety.
  • the wear-resistant coating includes one of gold, silver, nickel, tin, tin-lead alloy, zinc, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, hard silver, graphene silver and silver-gold-zirconium alloy, or Various.
  • the corrosion resistance time test in Table 10 below is to put the rack 21 into a salt spray spray test chamber, spray salt spray on each position of the rack 21, and take it out for cleaning every 20 hours to observe the surface corrosion. That is one cycle.
  • the test is stopped and the number of cycles at that time is recorded. In this embodiment, if the number of cycles is less than 80, it is considered unqualified.
  • the number of insertion and extraction times in Table 10 is to fix the rack 21 on the experimental bench, and after every 100 contact insertion and extraction tests, it is necessary to stop and observe the damage to the wear-resistant coating of the rack 21, scratches, and exposure. If the material of the rack 21 itself is different, the experiment will be stopped and the number of insertions and withdrawals at that time will be recorded. In this embodiment, if the number of plugging and unplugging times is less than 8000, it is considered unqualified.
  • Table 10 The effects of different wear-resistant coating material racks on the number of insertions and withdrawals and corrosion resistance
  • the wear-resistant coating material is gold, silver, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, hard silver, graphene silver and silver-gold-zirconium alloy
  • the experimental results exceed the standard value More, the performance is more stable.
  • the wear-resistant coating materials are selected as nickel, tin, tin-lead alloy, and zinc
  • the experimental results can also meet the requirements. Therefore, the inventor chooses the wear-resistant coating materials as gold, silver, nickel, tin, tin-lead alloy, zinc, One or more of hard silver silver antimony alloy, palladium, palladium nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver and silver gold zirconium alloy.
  • the drive device is an electric motor or a hydraulic motor.
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a charging stand, including the above-mentioned electronic lock.
  • One of the first locking lever 2 and the second locking lever 3 is used to lock the DC charging gun and the other is used to lock the DC charging gun. Lock the AC charging gun. No matter what kind of charging gun is inserted by the user, the electronic lock can lock it, so that only one driving device is needed to drive the two locking rods to open and close at the same time. This allows the electronic lock to simultaneously lock the DC charging gun and the AC charging gun. gun without increasing the manufacturing cost of electronic locks.
  • the housing 4 is provided with a fixing part 9, and the fixing part 9 is used to fix the housing 4 on the charging stand. If the driving device 1 is not inside the housing 4 but is installed separately on the charging stand, the reduction mechanism needs to be connected to the output shaft of the driving device 1 .
  • the fixing part 9 can be connected to the charging base in a screw connection or snap connection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

一种电子锁及充电座，涉及新能源汽车技术领域。包括驱动装置、传动结构、第一锁杆、第二锁杆和壳体；传动机构、第一锁杆和第二锁杆设置在壳体内，第一锁杆和第二锁杆能够伸出壳体；传动机构包括依次连接的减速机构和输出机构，减速机构与驱动装置连接，输出机构用于带动第一锁杆及第二锁杆同时移动。本申请仅需设置一个驱动装置即可驱动两个锁杆同时开关，既使电子锁对直流充电枪和交流充电枪实现同时锁枪，又不会增加电子锁的制造成本，电子锁的结构简单，使用方便。

Description

一种电子锁及充电座
相关申请
本申请要求于2022年05月02日递交的申请号为202210491815.9的中国发明专利申请的优先权，并引用上述专利申请公开的全部内容作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本申请涉及新能源汽车技术领域，尤其涉及一种电子锁及充电座。
背景技术
新能源汽车中的纯电动汽车，通过电池向电动机提供电能，驱动电动机运转，从而推动汽车行驶。纯电动汽车的可充电电池主要有铅酸电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池和锂离子电池等，这些电池可以为电动汽车提供动力，同时，纯电动汽车也通过电池来储存电能，驱动电机运转，让车辆正常行驶，纯电动汽车的电池主要由新能源汽车充电枪进行充电。
现有充电技术中，当充电座分布多个充电接口时，例如同时分布有直流充电接口和交流充电接口，可以使用不同的充电枪进行充电。当前技术方案均为使用多个驱动装置分别控制多个充电接口与充电枪的锁定连接，每一个驱动装置驱动对应的锁杆，将充电枪锁定连接在对应的充电座上进行充电，存在驱动装置零件数量多，制造成本高等问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种电子锁及充电座，以克服现有技术中存在的问题。本申请通过一个驱动装置同步控制两个锁杆，能够提高控制精度，有效降低制造成本，减少子零件的数量。
本申请第一方面的实施例提供一种电子锁，包括驱动装置、传动结构、第一锁杆、第二锁杆和壳体；
所述传动机构、所述第一锁杆和所述第二锁杆设置在所述壳体内，所述第一锁杆和所述第二锁杆能够伸出所述壳体；
所述传动机构包括依次连接的减速机构和输出机构，所述减速机构与所述驱动装置连接，所述输出机构用于带动所述第一锁杆及所述第二锁杆移动。
本申请第二方面的实施例提供一种充电座，包括如上所述的一种电子锁，所述第一 锁杆和所述第二锁杆中的一者用于锁定直流充电枪且另一者用于锁定交流充电枪。
本申请的有益效果是：仅需设置一个驱动装置即可驱动两个锁杆同时开关，既使电子锁对直流充电枪和交流充电枪实现同时锁枪，又不会增加电子锁的制造成本，电子锁的结构简单，使用方便。本申请采用斜齿轮进行减速传动的优点是啮合性能好，且重合度大，从而能够延长齿轮的寿命。
通过以下参照附图对本申请的示例性实施例的详细描述，本申请的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本申请的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本申请的原理。
图1为本申请一实施例的电子锁的结构示意图。
图2为本申请一实施例的电子锁的齿条结构示意图。
图3为本申请一实施例的电子锁的固定部结构示意图。
图中标示如下：
1-驱动装置、2-第一锁杆、21-齿条、3-第二锁杆、4-壳体、5-传动杆、51-解锁销、
6-第一输出齿轮、7-第二输出齿轮、81-第一传动齿轮、82-第二传动齿轮、83-第三传动齿轮、84-第四传动齿轮、9-固定部。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本申请的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，绝不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
针对现有技术的缺陷，发明人经过研究认为，新能源汽车技术领域需要一种同步控制多个锁杆的电子锁，使用一个驱动装置同时控制多个锁杆来锁定连接充电枪，以解决 驱动装置零件数量多，制造成本高等问题。
本申请第一方面的实施例提供一种电子锁，如图1-图3所示，包括驱动装置1、传动结构、第一锁杆2、第二锁杆3和壳体4；
传动机构、第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3设置在壳体4内，第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3伸能够伸出壳体4；
传动机构包括依次连接的减速机构和输出机构，减速机构与驱动装置1连接，输出机构用于带动第一锁杆2及第二锁杆3同步移动。
驱动装置可以设置在壳体4内部，也可以设置在壳体4外部。驱动装置1用于输出旋转运动，减速机构与驱动装置1的输出轴连接，起到将驱动装置1输出的旋转运动减速的作用，并带动输出机构运动，输出机构带动第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3同步进出壳体4，完成开锁或关锁的动作。换句话说，输出机构将经过减速机构减速的旋转运动转换为线性运动，以带动第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3同步直线运动。本申请通过设置两个传动机构与驱动装置1连接，仅需设置一个驱动装置1即可驱动两个锁杆同时开关，既使电子锁对直流充电枪和交流充电枪实现同时锁枪，又不会增加电子锁的制造成本，电子锁的结构简单，使用方便。
进一步的，如图1所示，输出机构包括与减速机构连接的传动杆5、第一输出齿轮6和第二输出齿轮7；
第一输出齿轮6和/或第二输出齿轮7与传动杆5同轴设置；
第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3上均设置有齿条21，齿条21分别与第一输出齿轮6及第二输出齿轮7啮合。
减速机构带动传动杆5转动，设置在传动杆5上的第一输出齿轮6和第二输出齿轮7随之转动，并带动齿条21进而带动第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3进行直线运动。第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3就可以在传动杆5的带动下进出壳体4的锁孔。
在一些实施例中，驱动装置1与传动杆5的传动比为2/1～200/1。如果传动比太大需要多的相应时间传动杆5才会转动，而传动比太小则控制不精确容易发生异响。因此，发明人选择了不同的传动比进行测试，观察1分钟内锁止或开启动作完成的次数，小于40次为不合格，出现异响也为不合格，结果如表1所示。
表1：不同传动比对电子锁速度的影响
从表1可知，如果传动比过小，电子锁在1分钟内完成的锁止或开启动作不足40次，响应速度过慢所以不合格；如果传动比大于200/1，电子锁会出现异响，也为不合格，所以发明人选用驱动装置1与传动杆5的传动比为2/1～200/1。
在一些实施例中，传动杆5上设置有手动解锁装置。为了安全起见，本申请的电子锁设计了手动解锁装置，在一具体的实施方式中，解锁装置为设置在传动杆5上的解锁销51，如图2所示，解锁销51通过拉绳连接到壳体4外，在需要手动解锁时，可以拉动拉绳，进而拉动解锁销51，解锁销51带动传动杆5旋转，进而带动第一输出齿轮6和第二输出齿轮7转动，带动第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3回缩，从而完成手动解锁。在另一些实施方式中，传动杆5上同轴设置解锁手柄，解锁手柄设置在壳体4外面，当需要解锁时可以转动解锁手柄带动传动杆5转动，实现解锁。
在一些实施例中，减速机构由多个传动连接的齿轮组成。在一些具体的实施方式中，采用的是斜齿轮，斜齿轮的优点是啮合性能好，且重合度大，重合度的增大使齿轮的承载能力提高。从而能够延长齿轮的寿命；同时斜齿轮的结构紧凑，相同传动比情况下，需要的齿数较少，齿轮直径也较小。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，减速机构包括与驱动装置1输出端连接的第一传动齿轮81、与第一传动齿轮81啮合的第二传动齿轮82、与第二传动齿轮82同轴的第三传动齿轮83、与第三传动齿轮83啮合的第四传动齿轮84；第三传动齿轮83的直径小于第二传动齿轮82的直径；第四传动齿轮84与输出机构连接。输出装置1的输出端带动第一传动齿轮81转动，与第一传动齿轮81啮合的第二传动齿轮82随之转动，与第二传动齿轮82同轴且直径更小的第三传动齿轮83也转动并带动第四传动齿轮84转动，从而完成将驱动装置输出的高速旋转变为相对较低速的旋转，第四传动齿轮84进而带动输出机构完成开锁动作。在一具体的实施方式中，第一传动齿轮81、第二传动齿轮82、第三传动齿轮83和第四传动齿轮84均为斜齿轮。
在一些实施例中，减速机构包括与驱动装置1输出端连接的第五传动齿轮、与第五传动齿轮啮合的第六传动齿轮；第五传动齿轮的直径小于第六传动齿轮的直径；第六传动齿轮与输出机构连接。驱动装置1带动第五传动齿轮转动，进而带动第六传动齿轮转动，只需要通过一级减速就完成对两个锁杆的同时控制。
在一些实施例中，驱动装置1与第三传动齿轮83的传动比为1/1～20/1。如果驱动装置1与第三传动齿轮83传动比太大，则需要多的相应时间传动杆5才会转动，而如果传动比太小，则控制不精确容易发生异响。因此，发明人选择了不同的驱动装置1与第三传动齿轮83传动比进行测试，观察1分钟内锁止或开启动作完成的次数，小于40次为不合格，出现异响也为 不合格，结果如表2所示。
表2：不同驱动装置1与第三传动齿轮83传动比对电子锁速度的影响
从表2可知，如果驱动装置1与第三传动齿轮83的传动比过小，电子锁在1分钟内完成的锁止或开启动作不足40次，响应速度过慢，所以不合格。如果驱动装置1与第三传动齿轮83传动比大于20/1，电子锁会出现异响，也为不合格，所以发明人选用驱动装置1与传动杆5的传动比为1/1～20/1。
在一些实施例中，第三传动齿轮83与传动杆5的传动比为1/1～20/1。如果第三传动齿轮83与传动杆5的传动比太大，则需要多的相应时间传动杆5才会转动，而如果传动比太小，则控制不精确容易发生异响。因此，发明人选择了不同的第三传动齿轮83与传动杆5的传动比进行测试，观察1分钟内锁止或开启动作完成的次数，小于40次为不合格，出现异响也为不合格，结果如表3所示。
表3：第三传动齿轮83与传动杆5的传动比对电子锁速度的影响
从表3可知，如果第三传动齿轮83与传动杆5的传动比过小，电子锁在1分钟内完成的锁止或开启动作不足40次，响应速度过慢所以不合格。如果第三传动齿轮83与传动杆5传动比大于20/1，电子锁会出现异响也为不合格，所以发明人选用第三传动齿轮83与传动杆5的传动比为1/1～20/1。
在一些实施例中，第一传动齿轮81、第二传动齿轮82、第三传动齿轮83和第四传动齿轮84的表面粗糙度Ra为0.4μm-6.5μm。如果齿轮表面的粗糙度不够的话，在传动的过程中，很有可能出现空转一个齿的情况。如果粗糙度过大，则齿间摩擦会出现异响，为此，发明人以第三齿轮83为例进行了试验，发明人选用一个测试齿轮和不同表面粗糙度的第三传动齿轮83，用测试齿轮转动带动第三传动齿轮83转动5分钟，如果出现空转一个齿的情况为不合格，如果出现异响也为不合格，结果如表4所示。
表4：第三传动齿轮表面粗糙度对是否空转和是否异响的影响
如表4所示，当第三传动齿轮83表面粗糙度小于0.4μm时，会出现测试齿轮转了一个齿的角度，而第三传动齿轮83没有转的情况，为不合格。当第三传动齿轮83的表面粗糙度大于6.5μm时，由于粗糙度太大，第三传动齿轮83会和测试齿轮因为摩擦发出异响，也为不合格。因此，发明人优选第一传动齿轮81、第二传动齿轮82、第三传动齿轮83和第四传动齿轮84的表面粗糙度Ra为0.4μm-6.5μm。
在一些实施例中，壳体4上设置有分别容纳第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3通过的锁孔。第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3在驱动装置1的驱动下可以进出锁孔完成锁定或开锁的动作。
在一些实施例中，驱动装置1设置在壳体4内。也就是说整个电子锁为一个设置在壳体4内的整体，便于生产加工，安装时直接将电子锁整体安装在需要使用的地方即可。
在另一些实施例中，驱动装置1设置在壳体4外。驱动装置4可以设置在充电座上，壳体4内只设置其它机械结构，这样传动结构如果出现故障，可以无需更换驱动装置1。
在一些实施例中，第一锁杆2及第二锁杆3的形状为圆柱、圆台、圆锥、椭圆柱、椭圆台、椭圆锥、多棱柱、多棱台和多棱锥的一种或多种。实际使用时可以根据充电装置锁孔的形状进行选择。
在一些实施例中，第一锁杆2的长度为1mm～95mm，第二锁杆3的长度为1mm～95mm。
若第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3过短，则无法完成锁定工作，若第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3过长，则会造成与充电装置发生干涉产生异响，因此，发明人选择了长度不同的第一锁杆2和长度不同的第二锁杆3进行了测试，无法完成锁止为不合格，出现异响为不合格，测试结果如表5所示。
表5：不同的锁杆长度对锁止工作的影响
从表5可知，当第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的长度小于1mm时，锁杆无法对充电装置锁止，当第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的长度大于95mm时，锁杆会与充电装置发生干涉出现异响，因此，发明人选择第一锁杆2的长度为1mm-95mm，第二锁杆3的长度为1mm-95mm。
在一些实施例中，驱动装置1的输出功率为0.25W～15.6W。驱动装置1的输出功率，决定了电子锁的工作速度，功率越高，电子锁完成工作的速度越快，功率越小，电子锁完成工作的速度越慢甚至无法完成第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的锁止工作。为了测试输出功率对电子锁工作的影响，发明人进行了相关测试，测试的方法为选用不同输出功率的驱动装置1，电子锁其他结构相同，每个驱动装置1连续工作1分钟，记录电子锁完成工作的次数，次数大于等于40为合格，小于40为不合格。若在电子锁工作时出现异响也视为不合格。结果如表6所示。
表6：不同输出功率对电子锁速度和异响的影响
如表6所示，当驱动装置1的输出功率小于0.25W时，1分钟内电子锁完成的开关次数小于40次，速度太慢为不合格，所以发明人选择驱动装置1的最小功率为0.25W，当驱动装置1的输出功率大于15.6W时，电子锁受整体设计的影响，速度进入瓶颈期，无明显提升，同时还会出现异响，因此发明人选用的驱动装置1的输出功率为0.25W-15.6W。具体可以为0.9W、0.96W、1W、1.08W、5W、10W等。
在一些实施例中，驱动装置1的输出扭矩为0.25N·mm～20.5N·mm。
驱动装置1的扭矩决定了施加在锁杆上力的大小，以旋转电机为例，若扭矩不够，则无法带动锁杆完成电子锁的开关动作，为了验证不同扭矩的旋转电机对电子锁开关的影响，发明人进行了相关测试，测试方法为选用不同扭矩的旋转电机，电子锁的其他结构相同，能够正常带动减速机构工作的旋转电机为合格，否则为不合格，同时，若电子锁在工作过程中出 现异响，也视为不合格。测试结果如表7所示：
表7：不同扭矩的旋转电机能否正常带动减速机构工作
如表7所示，不同旋转电机的扭矩小于0.25N·mm时，无法带动减速机构工作，因此发明人选用旋转电机的扭矩最小为0.25N·mm。当扭矩大于20.5N·mm时，虽然也能带动减速机构工作，但是因为扭矩太大会使电子锁工作时出现异响，因此发明人选用的驱动装置的扭矩为0.25N·mm～20.5N·mm。具体可以为3.50N·mm或14.00N·mm等。
在一些实施例中，传动杆5的转动角度为3.5°～92°。转动杆5的转动角度也能决定第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的行程。当转动杆5的转动角度过小时，第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的行程不够，无法完成锁止工作。而当转动杆5的转动角度过大时，第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3伸到工作位置后，转动杆5依然在输出转动的力，容易导致电子锁的损坏。为了验证转动杆5的转动角度对电子锁的影响，发明人进行了测试，测试方法为准备转动杆5的转动角度不同的驱动装置1，电子锁其他结构相同，能够使第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的行程完成锁止动作为合格，否则为不合格。更大的旋转角度意味着更大的第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的行程，相应的就需要增加各个连接部件的尺寸，这就容易导致与电子锁中的其他部件发生碰触从而影响电子锁的使用。这种情况的转动杆5的转动角度也视为不合格，测试结果如表8：
表8：不同转动杆的转动角度范围对电子锁功能的影响及与其他器件是否碰触
从表8中可知，当转动杆5的转动角度小于3.5°时，第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的行程不够，无法完成锁止工作。当转动杆5的转动角度大于92°时，电子锁的器件之间会有不必要的接触，也为不合格，因此，发明人选用转动杆5的输出端转动角度为3.5°～92°。具体可以为50°、60°、70°或80°等。
在一些实施例中，传动杆5的材质含有金属或非金属。
进一步的，传动杆5的材质含有铁、铜、铝、锌、镍或锡中的一种或几种。含有这些元素的材质具有更好的强度和韧性，更能符合传动杆5的需要。
在一些实施例中，传动杆5的材质含有聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物、乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸、聚氨酯弹性体、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、全氟烷氧基烷烃、氯化聚乙烯、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚苯乙烯、交联聚烯烃、乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物、交联聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚砜、聚苯醚、聚酯、酚醛树脂、脲甲醛、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚甲醛树酯中的一种。以聚甲醛、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、聚苯硫醚和聚四氟乙烯为例：聚甲醛是一种表面光滑，有光泽的硬而致密的材料，淡黄或白色，可在-40℃～100℃温度范围内长期使用。它的耐磨性和自润滑性也比绝大多数工程塑料优越，又有良好的耐油，耐过氧化物性能。
聚酯，一般由对苯二甲酸二甲酯、1,4-丁二醇和聚丁醇聚合而成，链段包括硬段部分和软段部分，为热塑性弹性体。
聚碳酸酯，具高强度及弹性系数、高冲击强度、耐疲劳性佳、尺寸稳定性良好、蠕变也小、高度透明性及自由染色性。
聚酰胺，具有无毒、质轻、优良的机械强度、耐磨性及较好的耐腐蚀性，因此广泛应用于代替铜等金属。
聚苯硫醚，是一种新型高性能热塑性树脂，具有机械强度高、耐高温、耐化学药品性、难燃、热稳定性好、电性能优良等优点。
聚四氟乙烯，具有抗酸抗碱、抗各种有机溶剂的特点，几乎不溶于所有的溶剂。同时，聚四氟乙烯具有耐高温的特点。
在一些实施例中，传动杆5的材质中含有玻璃纤维。
第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的材质含有聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物、乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸、聚氨酯弹性体、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、全氟烷氧基烷烃、氯化聚乙烯、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚苯乙烯、交联聚烯烃、乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物、交联聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚砜、聚苯醚、聚酯、酚醛树脂、脲甲醛、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚甲醛树酯中的一种以聚碳酸酯和聚酰胺为例，聚碳酸酯无色透明，耐热，抗冲击，阻燃BI级，在普通使用温度内都有良好的机械性能。同性能接近聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯相比，聚碳酸酯的耐冲击性能好，折射率高，加工性能好，不需要添加剂就具有很高级的阻燃性能。
聚酰胺具有无毒、质轻、优良的机械强度、耐磨性及较好的耐腐蚀性，因此广泛应用于代替铜等金属在机械、化工、仪表、汽车等工业中制造轴承、齿轮、泵叶及其他零件。第一 锁杆2和第二锁杆3需要高强度高耐温高耐磨等特性。因此，聚碳酸酯或聚酰胺为第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的首选。
在一些实施例中，第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的硬度为不小于3HV。
如果第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的硬度太低，则电子锁在外力开启时会对锁杆造成折弯，久而久之很有可能使第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3发生断裂，因此必须选择具有一定硬度的锁杆，为此发明人选择用500N的力对不同硬度的锁杆进行弯折试验，如果第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3发生弯曲，则为不合格，结果如表9所示。
表9：锁杆的硬度对是否发生弯折的影响
如表9可知，当第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的硬度小于3HV时，锁杆会在实验中折弯，所以为不合格，当第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3大于等于3HV时，不会折弯，因此发明人优选第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3的硬度为不小于3HV。
在一些实施例中，齿条21上具有耐磨镀层。进一步的，耐磨镀层的材质含有陶瓷、合金、氧化物或氟塑料。也就是说耐磨镀层可以含有金属或非金属，非金属的好处是电子锁工作时，齿条21不容易和第一输出齿轮6和第二输出齿轮7产生火星，在用电环境中更为安全。
优选地，耐磨镀层包括金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金、锌、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、硬银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种。
下表10中的耐腐蚀性时间测试，是将齿条21放入到盐雾喷淋试验箱内，对齿条21的各个位置喷淋盐雾，每隔20小时取出清洗观察表面腐蚀情况，即为一个周期，直到齿条21表面腐蚀面积大于总面积的10％的时候，停止测试，并记录当时的周期数。在本实施例中，周期数小于80次认为不合格。表10中的插拔次数是将齿条21固定在实验台上，并且每经过100次的接触插拔测试，就要停下来观察齿条21耐磨镀层破坏的情况，出现划伤，并露出齿条21本身材质，则实验停止，记录当时的插拔次数。在本实施例中，插拔次数小于8000次为不合格。
表10：不同耐磨镀层材质齿条受插拔次数和耐腐蚀性的影响
从上表10可以看出，当选用耐磨镀层材质为金、银、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、硬银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金时，实验结果超过标准值较多，性能比较稳定。当选用耐磨镀层材质为镍、锡、锡铅合金、锌时，实验结果也是能够符合要求的，因此，发明人选择耐磨镀层材质为金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金、锌、硬银银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，驱动装置为电机或液压马达。
本申请第二方面的实施例提供了一种充电座，包括上述的一种电子锁，第一锁杆2和第二锁杆3中的一者用于锁定直流充电枪且另一者用于锁定交流充电枪。使用者无论插入何种充电枪，电子锁都能对其进行锁定，从而仅需设置一个驱动装置即可驱动两个锁杆同时开关，既使电子锁对直流充电枪和交流充电枪实现同时锁枪，又不会增加电子锁的制造成本。
进一步的，壳体4上设置有固定部9，固定部9用于将壳体4固定在充电座上。如果驱动装置1不在壳体4内，而是单独安装在充电座上，则需要将减速机构和驱动装置1的输出轴进行连接。固定部9可以采用螺接或卡接的方式与充电座连接。
虽然已经通过例子对本申请的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本申请的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本申请的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本申请的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种电子锁，其特征在于：包括驱动装置、传动结构、第一锁杆、第二锁杆和壳体；
    所述传动机构、所述第一锁杆和所述第二锁杆设置在所述壳体内，所述第一锁杆和所述第二锁杆能够伸出所述壳体；
    所述传动机构包括依次连接的减速机构和输出机构，所述减速机构与所述驱动装置连接，所述输出机构用于带动所述第一锁杆及所述第二锁杆移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于：所述输出机构包括与所述减速机构连接的传动杆、第一输出齿轮和第二输出齿轮；
    所述第一输出齿轮和/或所述第二输出齿轮与所述传动杆同轴设置；
    所述第一锁杆和所述第二锁杆上均设置有齿条，所述齿条分别与所述第一输出齿轮及所述第二输出齿轮啮合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于：所述驱动装置与所述传动杆的传动比为2/1～200/1。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于：所述传动结构上设置有手动解锁装置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于：所述减速机构由多个传动连接的齿轮组成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于：所述减速机构包括与驱动装置输出端连接的第一传动齿轮、与所述第一传动齿轮啮合的第二传动齿轮、与所述第二传动齿轮同轴的第三传动齿轮、与所述第三传动齿轮啮合的第四传动齿轮；
    所述第一传动齿轮的直径小于所述第二传动齿轮的直径；
    所述第三传动齿轮的直径小于所述第二传动齿轮的直径；
    所述第四传动齿轮与所述输出机构连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于：所述减速机构包括与驱动装置输出端连接的第五传动齿轮、以及与所述第五传动齿轮啮合的第六传动齿轮；
    所述第五传动齿轮的直径小于所述第六传动齿轮的直径；
    所述第六传动齿轮与所述输出机构连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于：所述驱动装置与所述第三传 动齿轮的传动比为1/1～20/1。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于：所述第三传动齿轮与所述输出机构的传动比为1/1～20/1。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于：所述第一传动齿轮、第二传动齿轮、第三传动齿轮和第四传动齿轮的表面粗糙度Ra为0.4μm-6.5μm。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于：所述壳体上设置有分别容纳所述第一锁杆和第二锁杆通过的锁孔。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于：所述第一锁杆及所述第二锁杆的形状为圆柱、圆台、圆锥、椭圆柱、椭圆台、椭圆锥、多棱柱、多棱台和多棱锥的一种或多种。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电子锁，其特征在于，所述第一锁杆的长度为1mm～95mm，所述第二锁杆的长度为1mm～95mm。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述驱动装置的输出功率为0.25W～15.6W。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述驱动装置的输出扭矩为0.25N·mm～20.5N·mm。
  16. 根据权利要求2所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述传动杆的转动角度为3.5°～92°。
  17. 根据权利要求2所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述传动杆的材质含有金属或非金属。
  18. 根据权利要求2所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述传动杆的材质含有铁、铜、铝、锌、镍或锡中的一种或多种。
  19. 根据权利要求2所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述传动杆的材质含有聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物、乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸、聚氨酯弹性体、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、全氟烷氧基烷烃、氯化聚乙烯、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚苯乙烯、交联聚烯烃、乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物、交联聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚砜、聚苯醚、聚酯、酚醛树脂、脲甲醛、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚甲醛树酯中的一种。
  20. 根据权利要求2所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述传动杆的材质中含有玻璃纤 维。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述第一锁杆和所述第二锁杆的材质含有聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物、乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸、聚氨酯弹性体、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、全氟烷氧基烷烃、氯化聚乙烯、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚苯乙烯、交联聚烯烃、乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物、交联聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚砜、聚苯醚、聚酯、酚醛树脂、脲甲醛、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚甲醛树酯中的一种或多种。
  22. 根据权利要求1所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述第一锁杆和/或所述第二锁杆的硬度为不小于3HV。
  23. 根据权利要求2所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述齿条上具有耐磨镀层。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述耐磨镀层的材质含有陶瓷、合金、氧化物或氟塑料。
  25. 根据权利要求23所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述耐磨镀层含有金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金、锌、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、硬银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种。
  26. 根据权利要求1所述的电子锁，其特征在于，所述驱动装置为电机或液压马达。
  27. 一种充电座，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-26任一项所述的一种电子锁，所述第一锁杆和所述第二锁杆中的一者用于锁定直流充电枪且另一者用于锁定交流充电枪。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的一种充电座，其特征在于，所述壳体上设置有固定部，所述固定部用于将所述壳体固定在所述充电座上。
PCT/CN2023/091685 2022-05-02 2023-04-28 一种电子锁及充电座 Ceased WO2023213244A1 (zh)

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CN116031709B (zh) * 2023-02-20 2023-08-08 长春捷翼汽车科技股份有限公司 双锁杆电子锁

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