WO2023210733A1 - Dispositif d'aide à la réduction de méthane de paddy, système d'aide à la réduction de méthane de paddy, procédé d'aide à la réduction de méthane de paddy, dispositif de traitement d'informations, système d'aide à l'agriculture et procédé d'aide à l'agriculture - Google Patents

Dispositif d'aide à la réduction de méthane de paddy, système d'aide à la réduction de méthane de paddy, procédé d'aide à la réduction de méthane de paddy, dispositif de traitement d'informations, système d'aide à l'agriculture et procédé d'aide à l'agriculture Download PDF

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WO2023210733A1
WO2023210733A1 PCT/JP2023/016601 JP2023016601W WO2023210733A1 WO 2023210733 A1 WO2023210733 A1 WO 2023210733A1 JP 2023016601 W JP2023016601 W JP 2023016601W WO 2023210733 A1 WO2023210733 A1 WO 2023210733A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information
rice field
water management
methane
rice
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PCT/JP2023/016601
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
知世 安達
敏晴 楠本
美貴子 古城
直人 谷
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株式会社クボタ
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Priority claimed from JP2023037689A external-priority patent/JP2024048329A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2023071925A external-priority patent/JP2023164357A/ja
Application filed by 株式会社クボタ filed Critical 株式会社クボタ
Publication of WO2023210733A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023210733A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Forestry; Mining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • G06Q50/26—Government or public services

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to technology that supports the reduction of methane emitted from rice fields.
  • Greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming include methane.
  • Methane is known to be emitted from paddy fields where crops such as rice are grown.
  • Non-Patent Documents 1 to 5 in order to reduce methane emissions from rice fields, it is effective to change agricultural practices such as water management in rice fields and application of organic matter; There are also negative effects such as a decrease in yield.
  • Non-Patent Documents 2 to 5 describe a model (DNDC-Rice model) and calculation formulas for calculating the amount of methane emitted from rice fields.
  • a processing unit or the like uses a plurality of observation images observed by synthetic aperture radar during the rice planting period, field preparation period, and paddy rice growth period, respectively.
  • the paddy field is identified based on the backscatter intensity represented by the pixel value of .
  • the present invention aims to improve convenience by evaluating the reduction of methane from rice fields by farmers.
  • the present invention aims to objectively detect the state and period of water management for reducing the amount of methane discharged from rice fields.
  • flooding may occur in and around rice fields due to heavy rainfall during the rainy season. It is dangerous for farmers and others to approach rice fields when flooding occurs.
  • water management work such as drying is carried out to reduce methane emissions from rice fields
  • a drainage abnormality occurs in which water cannot drain from the rice fields due to blockages in the drains
  • the methane No reduction effect can be obtained.
  • Yield will decrease.
  • the present invention aims to detect the occurrence of water management abnormality in rice fields.
  • the technical means of the present invention for solving the above technical problem is characterized by the following points.
  • a rice field methane reduction support device includes a storage unit that stores model data for calculating methane emissions from rice fields, and a control unit that calculates methane emissions from rice fields based on the model data. and, the control unit acquires farmer information regarding the farmer and work information regarding agricultural work for cultivating crops in a paddy field corresponding to the farmer information, and the control unit acquires farmer information regarding the farmer and work information regarding agricultural work for cultivating crops in the paddy field corresponding to the farmer information, and A methane reduction amount is calculated from a predetermined basic methane emission amount of the rice field based on the implementation state of agricultural work.
  • the control unit may calculate the methane reduction amount of the rice field based on water management information included in the work information and indicating a water management state of the rice field.
  • the control unit identifies a semi-dry state during crop cultivation in the paddy field based on the water management information indicating flooding, irrigation, and falling water in the paddy field, and determines the dry state of the paddy field based on the semi-dry state.
  • the amount of methane reduction may also be calculated.
  • the control unit may notify the farmer of evaluation information indicating the amount of methane reduction in the rice field based on the farmer information.
  • the control unit acquires rice field information regarding the rice field, sets a calculation formula for calculating the methane emission amount of the rice field based on the rice field information, the work information, and the model data, and
  • the basic dry state of the rice field may be set based on the water management information, and the basic methane emission amount of the rice field may be calculated based on the calculation formula and the basic dry state.
  • the control unit stores the calculation formula, the basic dry state, and the basic methane emission amount in the storage unit in association with the rice field information, and stores the calculation formula, the basic dry state, and the basic methane emission amount in the storage unit, based on the changed water management information of the rice field.
  • the amount of methane reduced in the rice field may be calculated by subtracting the amount of emissions.
  • the control unit stores the calculation formula, the basic semi-dry state, and the basic methane emission amount in the storage unit in association with the paddy field information, and includes the calculation formula, the basic semi-dry state, and the basic methane emission amount in the basic semi-dry state of the paddy field in the simulation.
  • the basic mid-dry period is extended at predetermined intervals before and after, the methane reduction amount is calculated based on the extended mid-dry period, the calculation formula for the paddy field, the basic mid-dry period, and the basic methane emissions.
  • a correlation between the dry period of the rice field and the methane reduction amount is derived, first correlation data indicating the correlation is stored in the storage unit, and the changed water management of the rice field is performed.
  • a mid-dry period of the rice field may be specified, and a methane reduction amount of the paddy field may be calculated based on the mid-dry period and the first correlation data.
  • the control unit may update the calculation formula for the rice field in accordance with a change in at least one of the rice field information and the work information for the rice field.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device includes a communication unit that communicates with an external device, and the control unit includes an agricultural management device in which a database storing information regarding a plurality of rice fields and a plurality of farmers is constructed, and a communication unit that communicates with an external device.
  • the communication unit acquires the farmer information and the paddy field information and work information of the paddy field corresponding to the farmer information from at least one of the farmer terminal devices to be used, and determines the water management state of the paddy field.
  • the communication unit may acquire the water management information of the paddy field corresponding to the farmer information from at least one of the detection device that detects the water, the agricultural management device, and the farmer terminal device.
  • the detection device detects the water management state during crop cultivation in the paddy field from the detection result of a water level sensor that detects the water level in the paddy field, and the control unit detects the water management state in the paddy field detected by the detection device.
  • the water management information indicating the management state may be acquired periodically or at a predetermined timing, and the dry state of the rice field may be specified based on the plurality of acquired water management information.
  • the detection device detects the water management state during crop cultivation in the paddy field from the observation results of the paddy field by a flying object or an observation device mounted on the flying object, and the control unit detects the water management state during crop cultivation in the paddy field.
  • the water management information indicating the water management state of the rice field is acquired periodically or at a predetermined timing, and the dry state of the rice field is identified based on the plurality of acquired water management information.
  • the observation device may include a synthetic aperture radar.
  • the control unit calculates the calculation formula and the basic drying period of the paddy field after the extension. calculating the methane reduction amount based on the mid-dry period and the basic methane emission amount, deriving a correlation between the mid-dry period of the rice field and the methane reduction amount, and first correlation data showing the correlation; is stored in the storage unit, and based on the first correlation data, determines a recommended mid-drought period for the rice field during which the methane reduction amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and provides work proposal information including the recommended mid-dry period, The farmer may be notified based on the farmer information.
  • the control unit estimates the basic yield of the crop in the paddy field based on the basic mid-dry period of the paddy field, the rice field information, and the work information, and calculates the basic mid-dry period of the paddy field before and after the basic mid-dry period in the simulation. Each time the period is extended at a predetermined interval, the yield of the crop in the paddy field is estimated based on the mid-dry period after the extension, the paddy field information and the work information of the paddy field, and the yield and the basic yield are calculated.
  • the control unit transmits report information including the methane reduction amount of the rice field and the farmer information corresponding to the rice field to the credit management device through the communication unit, and controls the credit management according to the methane reduction amount.
  • Credit information indicating electronic credit issued from the device may be acquired by the communication unit, and the credit information may be notified to the farmer based on the farmer information.
  • the control unit adds up the methane reduction amounts of the plurality of rice fields, transmits report information indicating the combined methane reduction amount to the credit management device through the communication unit, and transmits report information indicating the combined methane reduction amount to the credit management device according to the combined methane reduction amount.
  • the communication unit acquires credit information indicating credits issued from the credit management device, distributes the credits indicated by the credit information according to the amount of methane reduction in the plurality of rice fields, and distributes the distributed credits.
  • the credit information shown may be notified to the farmers corresponding to each of the plurality of rice fields based on the farmer information.
  • the control unit sets the settings based on the rice field information regarding the rice field, the conventional work information in the rice field, the target work information indicating the agricultural work changed to reduce methane from the rice field, and the model data.
  • the reporting information may include at least one of a calculation formula for calculating the methane emission amount of the rice field and a variable included in the calculation formula, and may be transmitted to the credit management device by the communication unit. .
  • the control unit estimates the credit according to the amount of methane reduction in the rice field, includes temporary credit information indicating the estimated credit in the report information, and transmits the report information to the credit management device through the communication unit, or Credit information may be notified to the farmer based on the farmer information.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device includes an input/output interface for inputting and outputting information, and the control unit allows the farmer to use sale wish information indicating that the farmer wants to sell the credit owned by the farmer.
  • the input/output interface When received by the communication unit from the farmer terminal device, the input/output interface outputs payment instruction information indicating an instruction to make a predetermined trader pay the price of the credit indicated by the sale request information, and When payment completion information indicating that the farmer has paid the price to the farmer is input through the input/output interface, the owner of the credit may be changed from the farmer to the trader.
  • the control unit transfers the price of the credit indicated by the purchase request information to the customer. transmitting a payment instruction to the customer terminal device to cause the customer to pay the price, and receiving payment completion information from the customer terminal device by the communication unit indicating that the customer has paid the price to the transaction person; The owner of the credit may be changed from the transaction person to the consumer.
  • a rice field methane reduction support system includes the rice field methane reduction support device, and an agricultural management device in which a database storing information regarding a plurality of rice fields and a plurality of farmers is constructed, and the rice field methane reduction support system includes:
  • the control unit of the methane reduction support device receives farmer information regarding the farmer and a paddy field corresponding to the farmer information from at least one of the agricultural management device and a farmer terminal device used by the farmer. and work information related to agricultural work for cultivating crops, and calculate the amount of methane reduction reduced from a predetermined basic methane emission amount of the rice field based on the implementation status of the agricultural work included in the work information. .
  • the control unit of the rice field methane reduction support device may transmit evaluation information indicating the amount of methane reduction in the rice field to the farmer terminal device based on the farmer information using the communication unit.
  • the farmer terminal device may be configured to be able to input at least one of the farmer information, the work information, and rice field information regarding the rice fields.
  • the rice field methane reduction support system includes a detection device that detects the water management state of the rice field, and the detection device detects the detection result of a water level sensor that detects the water level of the rice field, or a flying object or an observation device mounted on the aircraft.
  • the water management state of the rice field is detected based on the observation results of the rice field, and the water management information including the water management state is transmitted to at least one of the agricultural management device and the rice field methane reduction support device.
  • the control unit of the rice field methane reduction support device transmits the farmer information and the information of the rice field corresponding to the farmer information from at least one of the agricultural management device and the farmer terminal device.
  • the paddy field information and the work information are acquired by the communication unit, and the water management information during crop cultivation in the paddy field is acquired from at least one of the detection device, the agricultural management device, and the farmer terminal device.
  • the information is acquired periodically or at a predetermined timing by the communication unit, and based on the acquired plurality of pieces of water management information, the dry state of the rice field is identified, and the methane of the rice field is determined based on the dry state.
  • the amount of reduction may also be calculated.
  • the control unit of the rice field methane reduction support device transmits report information including the methane reduction amount of the rice field and the farmer information corresponding to the rice field to the credit management device through the communication unit, and
  • the communication unit may acquire credit information indicating electronic credits issued from the credit management device according to the amount, and the communication unit may transmit the credit information to the farmer terminal device.
  • a rice field methane reduction support method is a rice field methane reduction support method that supports the reduction of methane emissions from rice fields where crops are cultivated, and includes a model for calculating methane emissions from rice fields.
  • a rice field methane reduction support device includes rice field information regarding rice fields, work information regarding agricultural work for cultivating crops in the rice fields, and observation images of the area including the rice fields observed by an observation device.
  • an acquisition unit that acquires data; and water management of the rice field to reduce methane emitted from the rice field during cultivation of the crops, based on the rice field information, the work information, and the observation image data.
  • a control unit that identifies the state and the period during which the state continued and generates specific water management information indicating the state and period of the water management; and a storage unit that stores the specific water management information.
  • the work information includes input water management information indicating the state and period of the water management of the rice field that has been input in advance, and the control unit controls the data of the plurality of observation images based on the input water management information.
  • the input water management information may be stored in the storage unit as the specific water management information if the state and period of the water management indicated by the input water management information are valid.
  • the control unit may acquire data of the observation image observed by the observation device during the water management period indicated by the input water management information.
  • the control unit determines the water management state from data of the plurality of observation images, and determines whether the determined water management state corresponds to the water management state indicated by the input water management information. If the input water management information is valid, the verification information may include information indicating that the input water management information is valid, and the input water management information may be stored in the storage unit as the specific water management information.
  • the control unit acquires farmer information regarding a farmer corresponding to the rice field using the acquisition unit, determines the state of the water management from data of the plurality of observation images, and determines the determined state of the water management. and the state of water management indicated by the input water management information, the verification information may be notified to the farmer based on the farmer information.
  • the control unit causes the acquisition unit to acquire data of the plurality of observation images observed by the observation device in a predetermined period based on the rice field information and the work information,
  • the state and period of the water management of the rice field may be specified from the above.
  • the control unit determines the period from the tillering stage to the panicle formation stage of the crop planted in the rice field based on the rice field information and the work information, and the controller determines the period from the tillering stage to the panicle formation stage of the crop planted in the rice field, and uses the observation device during the determined period.
  • the acquisition unit may acquire data of the plurality of observed images.
  • the control unit causes the acquisition unit to acquire data of the plurality of observation images observed by a synthetic aperture radar of the flying object or the observation device mounted on the flying object, and the control unit acquires data of the plurality of observation images observed by the synthetic aperture radar of the flying object or the observation device mounted on the flying object, and One or more pixels indicating a rice field are extracted, a backscatter coefficient associated with the pixel value of the pixel is detected, and the state and period of the water management of the rice field are determined based on the detected backscatter coefficient. May be specified.
  • One or more preset threshold values are stored in the storage unit, and the control unit is configured to perform a backscattering coefficient based on the result of comparing the backscattering coefficient detected from the data of the plurality of observed images with the threshold value. , it may be determined at least one of whether the rice field is in a dry state or not, and whether or not the rice field is in a flooded state. Further, the control unit calculates the threshold based on a backscattering coefficient detected from data of an observed image of the rice field and water level information obtained from the water level sensor installed in the rice field, and It may be stored in the storage unit.
  • the control unit specifies water level change information indicating a time-series change in the actual water level of the rice field from the information indicating the actual water level of the rice field acquired by the acquisition unit, and Detecting backscattering coefficients corresponding to the rice fields from observation image data, detecting a correlation between the actual water level of the rice fields indicated by the water level change information and the backscattering coefficients corresponding to the rice fields,
  • the threshold value may be set based on the backscattering coefficient corresponding to the paddy field and the correlation and stored in the storage unit. Further, the control unit may apply the threshold value stored in the storage unit to determine at least one of a dry state and a flooded state of another rice field.
  • the storage unit stores model data for calculating methane emissions from the rice fields, and the control unit stores the rice field information, the work information, the specific water management information, and the model data. Based on this, a methane reduction amount reduced from a predetermined basic methane emission amount of the rice field may be calculated, and the methane reduction amount may be stored in the storage unit.
  • the control unit sets a calculation formula for calculating methane emissions of the rice field based on the rice field information, the work information, and the model data, and indicates the state and period of the conventional water management of the rice field.
  • Conventional water management information is acquired by the acquisition unit, the basic methane emission amount of the rice field is calculated based on the conventional water management information and the calculation formula, and the specific water management information of the rice field and the calculation formula are calculated.
  • the methane emission amount of the rice field may be calculated based on the above, and the methane emission amount may be subtracted from the basic methane emission amount of the rice field to calculate the methane reduction amount of the rice field.
  • the acquisition unit includes a communication interface, and the control unit acquires farmer information regarding the farmer corresponding to the rice field through the communication interface, and combines the methane reduction amount of the rice field and the farmer information. transmitting report information including the above to the credit management device through the communication interface, acquiring credit information indicating an electronic credit issued from the credit management device according to the methane reduction amount through the communication interface, The credit information may be notified to the farmer based on farmer information. Further, the control unit may include the verification information in the report information and transmit it to the credit management device by the acquisition unit.
  • a rice field methane reduction support system includes the rice field methane reduction support device that supports the reduction of methane emissions from rice fields in which crops are cultivated, and information regarding the rice fields and the agriculture performed in the rice fields.
  • an agricultural management device in which a database storing the information has been constructed; , from an observation management device that acquires paddy field information regarding the paddy field and work information regarding agricultural work for cultivating the crops in the paddy field, and stores observation data of an observation device that observes the ground; the acquisition unit that acquires observation image data of an area including the rice fields; and methane emitted from the rice fields during cultivation of the crops based on the rice field information, the work information, and the observation image data.
  • the control unit that identifies a state of water management in the paddy field for reduction and a period during which the state continues, and generates specific water management information indicating the state and period of the water management; and the specific water management information. and the storage section for storing.
  • control unit may acquire data of the plurality of observation images from the observation management device by the acquisition unit based on the input water management information included in the work information. .
  • control unit transmits data of the plurality of observation images observed by the observation device in a predetermined period from the observation management device based on the rice field information and the work information. It may be acquired by an acquisition unit.
  • the storage unit stores model data for calculating methane emissions from the rice fields
  • the acquisition unit includes a communication interface
  • the control unit includes: , based on the rice field information, the work information, the specific water management information, and the model data, calculate the methane reduction amount reduced from the predetermined basic methane emission amount of the rice field, and calculate the methane reduction amount from the It may be stored in the storage unit.
  • the control unit acquires the farmer information from at least one of the agricultural management device and the farmer terminal device through the communication interface, and calculates the amount of methane reduction in the rice field. and the farmer information to the credit management device through the communication interface, and credit information indicating an electronic credit issued by the credit management device according to the methane reduction amount is transmitted to the communication interface.
  • the credit information may be acquired through an interface, and the credit information may be notified to the farmer terminal device through the communication interface based on the farmer information.
  • the control unit may include the verification information in the report information and transmit it to the credit management device via the communication interface.
  • a rice field methane reduction support method is a rice field methane reduction support method that supports the reduction of methane emissions from rice fields in which crops are cultivated, and includes a control unit provided in a rice field methane reduction support device.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device is equipped to acquire rice field information regarding the rice field, work information regarding agricultural work for cultivating the crop in the rice field, and observation image data of the area including the rice field observed by an observation device.
  • the control unit acquires information about the paddy field for reducing methane emitted from the paddy field during cultivation of the crops, based on the paddy field information, the work information, and the observation image data. a step of identifying a water management state and a period during which the state continued; and the control unit generates specific water management information indicating the identified water management state and period, and stores the specific water management information. and a step of storing the information in the section.
  • An information processing device includes an acquisition unit that acquires work information related to agricultural work for cultivating crops in a rice field and detected water management information indicating a water management state of the rice field detected by a detection device. , a control unit that determines whether a water management abnormality has occurred in the rice field based on a difference between target water management information indicating a water management state of the rice field identified from the work information and the detected water management information; and an output unit that outputs water management abnormality information indicating that the water management abnormality has occurred.
  • An agricultural support system includes the detection device that detects a water management state of a rice field, and the information processing device.
  • the detected water management information includes a detection result of a water level sensor that detects the water level of the rice field, and the control unit specifies the target water level of the rice field from the target water management information and controls the water level sensor of the water level sensor.
  • the actual water level of the rice field may be specified from the detection result, and if the actual water level is higher than the target water level by a predetermined value or more, it may be determined that the water management abnormality has occurred.
  • the detected water management information includes observation results of an observation device that observes the area where the rice field is located, and the control unit specifies the target water management state of the rice field from the target water management information, and From the observation results of the observation device, it is determined whether the surface of the rice field is a water surface or not. If it is determined that the surface of the rice field is a water surface, it may be determined that the water management abnormality has occurred.
  • the detected water management information includes observation results of an observation device that observes an area where at least one of the rice fields is located, and the control unit acquires rice field information regarding the rice fields by the acquisition unit, and The position of the rice field is specified from the rice field information, the target water surface area of the rice field where the surface becomes the water surface is calculated from the target water management information, and the area of the rice field and the land around the rice field is calculated from the observation results of the observation device.
  • Determine whether the surface is a water surface calculate an actual water surface area that is the sum of the areas of the rice field and the land whose surfaces are water surfaces, and the actual water surface area is larger than the target water surface area by a predetermined value or more. In this case, it may be determined that the water management abnormality has occurred.
  • the control unit acquires farmer information regarding the farmer corresponding to the rice field using the acquisition unit, and when it is determined that the water management abnormality has occurred, the control unit informs the farmer of the water management abnormality based on the farmer information. The information may be notified by the output unit.
  • the control unit acquires land management information including information indicating a manager of land around the rice field using the acquisition unit, and when it is determined that the water management abnormality has occurred, the control unit acquires land management information including information indicating a manager of land around the rice field, and when it is determined that the water management abnormality has occurred, The water management abnormality information may be notified to the administrator by the output unit.
  • An agricultural support method includes a step in which a detection device detects a water management state of a paddy field, and an information processing device detects work information regarding agricultural work for cultivating crops in the paddy field, and a step of acquiring detected water management information indicating a water management state of the detected rice field; and a step of acquiring target water management information indicating a water management state of the rice field identified from the work information and the detected water management by the information processing device. a step of determining whether or not a water management abnormality has occurred in the rice field based on a difference from the information; and a step of causing the information processing device to output water management abnormality information indicating that the water management abnormality has occurred. and.
  • the present invention it is possible to quantitatively evaluate the reduction status of methane from rice fields by farmers, thereby improving convenience. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to objectively detect the state and period of water management for reducing the amount of methane discharged from rice fields. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to detect the occurrence of a flood from water management information of rice fields.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a reflection state of X-band microwaves irradiated from a synthetic aperture radar onto a flooded rice field.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a reflection state of X-band microwaves irradiated from a synthetic aperture radar onto a paddy field in a flooded state. It is a figure showing an example of the SAR image before the mid-dry period of the area including a plurality of rice fields. It is a figure showing an example of the SAR image during the mid-dry period of the area including a plurality of rice fields.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an example of an agricultural support system. It is a flowchart which shows an example of water management abnormality detection operation of an information processing device.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an example of a rice field methane reduction support system 100.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 and the agricultural management device 2 are configured of, for example, at least one of a computer and a server installed in a management center.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 is a device that supports the reduction of methane emitted from rice fields, and includes a control section 1a, a storage section 1b, a communication section 1c, and an input/output interface 1d.
  • the control unit 1a is a controller, and is composed of a CPU (or microcomputer), memory, and the like.
  • the storage unit 1b is a storage, and is composed of a volatile memory, a nonvolatile memory, a hard disk, or the like.
  • the storage unit 1b stores a software program executed by the control unit 1a, and stores various control data used by the control unit 1a in a readable and writable manner. Furthermore, the storage unit 1b stores model data for calculating the amount of methane emitted from the rice fields.
  • the control unit 1a calculates the methane emission amount, methane reduction amount, etc. of the rice field based on the model data stored in the storage unit 1b.
  • the communication unit 1c is a communication interface for communicating with external devices via a public communication network, the Internet, etc. Further, the communication unit 1c is an acquisition unit that acquires information from an external device.
  • the input/output interface 1d includes an input interface such as a mouse, keyboard, or touch panel, and an output interface such as a display, speaker, or touch panel.
  • the agricultural management device 2 is a device that manages various information related to agriculture. Although one agricultural management device 2 is illustrated in FIG. 1, there may be two or more agricultural management devices 2.
  • the agricultural management device 2 also includes a control section, a storage section, a communication section, and an input/output interface (not shown).
  • the agricultural management device 2 is constructed with a database 2d that stores various information regarding a plurality of rice fields and a plurality of farmers who cultivate crops in the rice fields.
  • the database 2d stores a plurality of pieces of farmer information regarding farmers, paddy field information regarding paddy fields, and work information regarding agricultural work performed to cultivate crops in paddy fields.
  • the farmer information, paddy field information, and work information are stored in the database 2d in association with each farmer or each paddy field.
  • the farmer information includes information such as the farmer's personal information, identification information such as the farmer's account, and the IP address of the farmer terminal device 3 used by the farmer.
  • Paddy field information includes identification information of the paddy field, area where the paddy field is located, location of the paddy field (latitude, longitude, etc.), area, contour shape, soil condition, drainage, cultivated crops, and sensors installed in the paddy field. Contains information such as equipment.
  • the work information includes a farm work plan for cultivating crops in paddy fields, the content of the farm work, and the implementation status of the farm work.
  • the agricultural work included in the work information includes, for example, water management work such as flooding, irrigation, and falling water in rice fields, and the relevant water management work and its implementation status (water management status, such as the water intake or drainage of the rice field).
  • the work information includes water management information indicating the opening/closing status of the exit, the opening/closing date and time, etc.
  • the work information may include the implementation status of agricultural work such as plowing in rice straw in a paddy field, taking out rice straw, and applying compost.
  • the work information may include weather information on the day of agricultural work in the rice field and information on the growth of crops in the rice field.
  • the work information may include, for example, the heading date, tillering stage, and panicle formation stage of paddy rice.
  • the work information may be an electronic agricultural diary in a rice field.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 communicates with the agricultural management device 2 through the communication unit 1c, and acquires (receives) farmer information, rice field information, and work information from the database 2d. Further, the control unit 1a transmits information regarding the reduction of methane from rice fields to the agricultural management device 2 through the communication unit 1c, and causes the information to be stored in the database 2d.
  • the farmer terminal device 3 is composed of a personal computer, a tablet terminal device, a smartphone, etc. used by the farmer. In FIG. 1, two farmer terminal devices 3 are illustrated, but there may be three or more farmer terminal devices 3.
  • the farmer terminal device 3 also includes a control section, a storage section, a communication section, and an input/output interface (not shown).
  • the farmer inputs various information such as farmer information, paddy field information, and work information into the farmer terminal device 3.
  • the farmer terminal device 3 transmits input farmer information, rice field information, work information, etc. to the agricultural management device 2 or the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the agricultural management device 2 When the agricultural management device 2 receives farmer information, paddy field information, work information, etc. transmitted from the farmer terminal device 3, it stores each piece of information in the database 2d.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 (control unit 1a) receives farmer information, rice field information, work information, etc. transmitted from the farmer terminal device 3 through the communication unit 1c, the rice field methane reduction support device 1 (control unit 1a) stores each information in the storage unit 1b.
  • the water management device 4 is installed on the edge of or within the rice field, and the water level sensor 5 is installed within the rice field.
  • the water management device 4 and the water level sensor 5 are electrically connected by wire or wirelessly.
  • FIG. 1 one water management device 4 and one water level sensor 5 are illustrated, but one or more water management devices 4 and one or more water level sensors 5 are installed in each paddy field.
  • the water management device 4 also includes a control section, a storage section, and a communication section (not shown). Further, the water management device 4 is equipped with an operation switch, an actuator, a storage battery, a solar power generation device, and the like.
  • the water management device 4 opens and closes the water gate of the rice field using an actuator such as a motor to supply or drain water to the rice field.
  • the water management device 4 may be provided with another actuator such as a pump that facilitates water supply and drainage to the rice fields. In this case, the operating state of an actuator such as a pump may be included in the work information.
  • the water level sensor 5 detects the water level in the rice field and transmits the detection result to the water management device 4.
  • the water management device 4 detects a water management state such as flooding, irrigation, or falling water in the rice field based on the detection result of the water level sensor 5. Then, the water management device 4 controls the operation of the actuator according to the detection result of the water level sensor 5 and the water management state of the paddy field, supplies or drains water to the paddy field, and performs flooding of the paddy field, intermittent irrigation, and Perform a falling water.
  • the water management device 4 transmits water management information indicating the detection results of the water level sensor 5 and the water management status of the rice fields to the agricultural management device 2 or the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the agricultural management device 2 receives the water management information transmitted from the water management device 4, the agricultural management device 2 stores the water management information in the database 2d so that it is included (associated) with the work information of the corresponding rice field.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 (control unit 1a) receives water management information transmitted from the water management device 4, it stores the water management information in the storage unit 1b.
  • the earth observation satellite 7 is an example of a flying object and an observation device, and observes the earth's surface.
  • the earth observation satellite 7 is composed of a SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite, and observes the rice fields using a synthetic aperture radar.
  • the monitoring device 6 acquires observation results of the earth observation satellite 7.
  • the monitoring device 6 also includes a control section, a storage section, a communication section, and an input/output interface (not shown). In FIG. 1, one monitoring device 6 and one earth observation satellite 7 are illustrated, but there may be two or more monitoring devices 6 and two or more earth observation satellites 7.
  • the monitoring device 6 detects water management conditions such as flooding, irrigation, and falling water in the rice fields from the observation results of the earth observation satellite 7. Specifically, the monitoring device 6 acquires a SAR image (observation image) of a rice field observed by a synthetic aperture radar mounted on an earth observation satellite 7, and detects uneven parts of the rice field based on the SAR image. Detect. Then, the monitoring device 6 calculates, for example, the ratio of the area of the uneven portion to the surface area of the paddy field, and if the ratio is less than a predetermined value, determines that the surface of the paddy field is a water surface and that the paddy field is in a flooded state. do.
  • water management conditions such as flooding, irrigation, and falling water in the rice fields from the observation results of the earth observation satellite 7. Specifically, the monitoring device 6 acquires a SAR image (observation image) of a rice field observed by a synthetic aperture radar mounted on an earth observation satellite 7, and detects uneven parts of the rice field based on the SAR image. Detect. The
  • the monitoring device 6 determines that the surface of the paddy field is not the water surface (the water level of the paddy field is zero) and that the paddy field is in a flooded state when the ratio of the area of the uneven portion to the surface area of the paddy field is greater than or equal to a predetermined value. do. Further, the monitoring device 6 may determine that the paddy field is in an irrigated state based on a change in the ratio of the area of the uneven portion to the surface area of the paddy field.
  • Judgment of water management conditions such as flooding, irrigation, and overflow of rice fields based on SAR images of synthetic aperture radar is not limited to the above method, and may be determined using other methods.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 may be equipped with AI (Artificial Intelligence), and the water management state of the rice field may be detected from the SAR image of the synthetic aperture radar using machine learning using the AI.
  • AI Artificial Intelligence
  • typical SAR images of paddy fields such as flooding, irrigation, falling water, before drying, during drying, and after drying, or SAR images obtained from the water level sensor 5 when the SAR images are acquired.
  • the monitoring device 6 transmits water management information indicating the water management status of the rice fields to the agricultural management device 2 or the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the agricultural management device 2 receives the water management information transmitted from the monitoring device 6, the agricultural management device 2 stores the water management information in the database 2d so as to include (associate) the water management information with the work information of the corresponding rice field.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 (control unit 1a) receives water management information transmitted from the monitoring device 6, it stores the water management information in the storage unit 1b.
  • a first detection configuration including a water level sensor 5 and a water management device 4 and a second detection configuration including an earth observation satellite 7 and a monitoring device 6 is used.
  • the detection configuration may be applied to the rice field methane reduction support system 100.
  • the farmer may input the water management state of the rice field using the farmer terminal device 3.
  • observation devices such as synthetic aperture radar, three-dimensional laser surveying instruments, or imaging devices can be mounted on flying objects other than Earth Observation Satellite 7, or flying objects such as drones or UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) to survey rice fields. May be observed.
  • the credit management device 8 is a device that manages electronic credits according to the amount of greenhouse gas reduction, and is used by a credit management company.
  • the credit management device 8 also includes a control section, a storage section, a communication section, and an input/output interface (not shown). Although one credit management device 8 is illustrated in FIG. 1, there may be two or more credit management devices 8. Further, there may be a plurality of credit management companies.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 (control unit 1a) transmits report information including the amount of methane reduction in the rice field and farmer information corresponding to the rice field to the credit management device 8.
  • the credit management device 8 issues a credit according to the amount of methane reduction in the rice field included in the report information received from the rice field methane reduction support device 1, and transmits credit information indicating the credit to the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 transmits (transfers) the credit information to the farmer terminal device 3 used by the corresponding farmer.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 (control unit 1a) executes processing for purchasing credits from farmers.
  • the consumer terminal device 9 is a terminal device used by a consumer such as a company, organization, or individual who buys and sells credits.
  • the customer terminal device 9 also includes a control section, a storage section, a communication section, and an input/output interface (not shown). In FIG. 1, one customer terminal device 9 is illustrated, but there may be two or more customer terminal devices 9. Moreover, there may be multiple consumers.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 (control unit 1a) executes processing for trading (buying and selling) credits with the consumer terminal device 9.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the timing and water level WL when paddy rice R is cultivated in paddy field H.
  • the paddy field H is watered from the puddling period, and the paddy field H is brought into a deep water state during the rice planting period and the rooting period. Then, for a while after the tillering period, the paddy field H is watered intermittently to bring it into a shallow water state, and then the water is allowed to fall from the paddy field H, and the paddy field H is left to dry for a while (the water level in the paddy field is zero). state).
  • the rice fields H are irrigated intermittently or dried during drying to bring oxygen into the soil, thereby changing the soil from a reduced state to an oxidized state. Furthermore, by extending the drying period of the rice fields H, methane emissions from the rice fields H can be further reduced.
  • Mid-drying of paddy H is either not carried out in normal farming methods, or is carried out for the purpose of suppressing the occurrence of wasteful tillering, preventing overgrowth, promoting root development, and preventing lodging. In addition, mid-drying leaves the rice in a state of falling water to the extent that slight cracks appear on the rice field, and this state continues for approximately 5 to 7 days.
  • the drying period of the paddy H is extended by 7 days or more.
  • intermittent irrigation intermittent irrigation
  • paddy field H it is necessary to It is more effective to extend the period earlier (toward the tillering stage) than to extend it later (toward the panicle formation stage).
  • the paddy field H Before and after the heading period, the paddy field H is flooded to bring it into a deep water state. Thereafter, during the ripening stage of rice R, the rice field H is intermittent watered, and at the ripening stage, water falls from the rice field H to bring the water level in the rice field to zero and dry the soil of the rice field. By plowing rice straw into the soil after harvesting paddy rice R, methane emissions from paddy field H can also be reduced. Furthermore, by applying compost during plowing (autumn plowing), the amount of methane emitted from the rice fields H is further reduced.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the rice field methane reduction support device 1. Each process is executed by the control unit 1a. (The control unit 1a also executes each process (each step) in other flowcharts to be described later.)
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 first registers the farmer and rice field whose methane emissions are to be reduced (S1 in FIG. 3). Next, the control unit 1a performs settings for evaluating the reduction of methane from rice fields (S2). Then, the control unit 1a evaluates the reduction status of methane from the rice fields based on the implementation status of agricultural work in the rice fields by farmers (S3). At the time of the evaluation, the control unit 1a calculates the amount of methane reduction in the rice fields. Thereafter, the control unit 1a converts the amount of methane reduction in the rice fields into credits using the credit management device 8 (S4), and trades the credits with farmers via the farmer terminal device 3 or via the consumer terminal device 9. and transact with the consumer (S5).
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the initial setting operation (operation at the time of initial setting) of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the initial setting operation in FIG. 4 shows details of the processes S1 and S2 in FIG.
  • a farmer connects to the rice field methane reduction support device 1 using the farmer terminal device 3 and inputs identification information of the rice field whose methane is to be reduced. Then, the farmer terminal device 3 generates registration information including the identification information of the rice field and the identification information of the farmer, and transmits the registration information to the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 receives registration information from the farmer terminal device 3 through the communication unit 1c (S11 in FIG. 4). Then, the control unit 1a causes the communication unit 1c to send an information request signal requesting transmission of farmer information, paddy field information, and work information corresponding to the farmer identification information and rice field identification information included in the registered information. The information is transmitted to the agricultural management device 2 (S12).
  • the agricultural management device 2 receives the information request signal from the rice field methane reduction support device 1 and searches the database 2d. If farmer information, rice field information, and work information corresponding to the requested farmer identification information and rice field identification information are stored in the database 2d, the agricultural management device 2 stores the farmer information and rice field information. and work information to the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 receives (acquires) the farmer information, rice field information, and work information from the farmer terminal device 3 through the communication unit 1c (S13: YES)
  • the control unit 1a receives the farmer information, the rice field information, and the work information from the farmer terminal device 3 (S13: YES).
  • the paddy field information and work information are stored in the storage unit 1b (S18). At this time, the farmer information, paddy field information, and work information acquired by the control unit 1a correspond to each other.
  • the agricultural management device 2 stores farmer information corresponding to the farmer identification information and rice field identification information requested by the rice field methane reduction support device 1, past rice field information, and work information in a database 2d. If it is not stored, the rice field methane reduction support device 1 is notified that there is no corresponding information.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 receives a notification from the communication unit 1c indicating that there is no corresponding information (S14)
  • the control unit 1a sends the farmer information to the farmer terminal device 3 corresponding to the farmer's identification information.
  • An information request signal requesting rice field information and work information is transmitted by the communication unit 1c (S15).
  • the farmer terminal device 3 When the farmer terminal device 3 receives the information request signal from the rice field methane reduction support device 1, it displays a screen for inputting farmer information, rice field information, and work information on the display of the input/output interface. That is, the farmer terminal device 3 is configured to be able to input farmer information, work information, rice field information, and the like. When the farmer information, paddy field information, and work information are inputted using the keyboard of the input/output interface, the farmer terminal device 3 transmits the farmer information, paddy field information, and work information to the paddy field methane reduction support device 1. Send.
  • control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 receives farmer information, rice field information, and work information from the farmer terminal device 3 through the communication unit 1c (S16), the control unit 1a receives the farmer information, rice field information, and work information from the farmer terminal device 3 (S16). is transmitted to the agricultural management device 2 and stored in the database 2d (S17). Also. The control unit 1a stores the farmer information, paddy field information, and work information in the storage unit 1b (S18). At this time, the farmer information, paddy field information, and work information acquired by the control unit 1a also correspond to each other.
  • the control unit 1a calculates the amount of methane emissions from the rice fields based on the rice field information and work information received (acquired) from the agricultural management device 2 or the farmer terminal device 3, and the model data stored in the storage unit 1b.
  • a calculation formula to be calculated is set (S19a).
  • the model data includes known model equations (1) and (2) as shown in FIG. 5, and variables A, fd, fw, fo, EF, ⁇ in the model equations (1) and (2) , a, X, b, table data (not shown), etc. are included.
  • Model formula (1) is a formula for calculating the methane emission amount E of rice fields.
  • Model formula (2) is a formula for calculating the emission coefficient included in model formula (1).
  • the control unit 1a sets the variables A, fd, fw, fo, ⁇ , EF, (A: paddy rice cultivation area by region, fd: drainage ratio, fw: water management ratio, fo: organic matter ratio, ⁇ : correction factor, EF: emission factor, X: organic matter application amount by region and applied organic matter, a: By setting the slope by region, drainage gender, and water management, and b: the intercept by region, drainage gender, and water management, the formula for calculating methane emissions from rice fields (formula (1) after the variables are determined, (2)) is confirmed.
  • the variables fw, EF, a, and b in model formula (2) are values determined by the water management state of the rice field.
  • the correction coefficient ⁇ in model formula (1) may be determined based on, for example, a global warming coefficient published by a predetermined organization.
  • the variables fd and EF in model formulas (1) and (2) are determined based on the drainage performance of the rice field, and the drainage performance is determined based on the results of measuring the daily water depth of the rice field under predetermined conditions. You can. Further, the daily water depth of the rice field may be included in the work information.
  • the control unit 1a sets the basic drying state of the paddy field based on the conventional water management information included in the paddy field work information received (acquired) from the agricultural management device 2 or the farmer terminal device 3 (see FIG. 4). S19b).
  • Conventional water management information indicates, for example, the state of rice field water management that is customary in a region where there is a rice field.
  • the control unit 1a may set the basic semi-dry state of the rice fields, for example, based on water management information from the current fiscal year to the past several years.
  • the basic mid-dry state includes whether or not mid-dry is implemented and the mid-dry period (for example, the duration of the state in which the water level in the rice field is zero or substantially zero (including a certain degree of error)). There is.
  • the control unit 1a identifies whether or not mid-drying is to be implemented and the mid-drying period based on, for example, the water supply date and draining date for the rice fields, or the mid-drying start date and mid-drying end date, which are indicated in the conventional water management information. Good too.
  • control unit 1a sets the variable a based on the basic mid-dry state and a predetermined slope calculation formula included in the model data. Further, the control unit 1a sets the variable b based on the basic mid-dry state and a predetermined intercept calculation formula included in the model data. Further, the control unit 1a sets the variable fw based on the basic mid-dry state and predetermined table data included in the model data. Then, the control unit 1a applies the set variables a, b, and fw to the model formulas (1) and (2), finalizes the calculation formulas (1) and (2), and applies the determined calculation formulas (1) to the model formulas (1) and (2). , (2) to calculate the basic methane emission amount of the rice field (S19c).
  • control unit 1a calculates the basic methane emission amount of the rice field based on the determined calculation formulas (1) and (2) and the basic semi-dry state. Further, the control unit 1a stores the determined calculation formulas (1) and (2), the basic dry condition, and the basic methane emission amount in the storage unit 1b (S19d).
  • the model data and calculation formula for calculating the amount of methane emissions from rice fields are not limited to the above, and may be formulas or data other than formulas (1) and (2) in FIG. 5. Furthermore, the amount of methane emissions from the rice fields may be calculated using model data and calculation formulas that take into consideration information other than the rice field information and work information of the rice fields, such as weather information. Furthermore, a formula for calculating methane emissions from rice fields may be set or the methane emissions from rice fields may be calculated using AI and machine learning.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the methane evaluation operation (operation during methane evaluation) of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the methane evaluation operation in FIG. 6 is an operation for evaluating the state of reduction of methane from rice fields, and shows details of the process S3 in FIG. 3.
  • farmers change their farming practices, such as water management in rice fields, and then harvest the crops (paddy rice) in the rice fields, completing their farming work for the current fiscal year.
  • the farmer terminal device 3 sends a methane evaluation command to the rice field methane reduction support device 1. do.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 receives the methane evaluation command from the farmer terminal device 3 through the communication unit 1c (S21 in FIG. 6). Then, the control unit 1a acquires farmer information, paddy field information, and work information corresponding to the farmer identification information and rice field identification information included in the methane evaluation command from the agricultural management device 2 or the farmer terminal device 3. (S22).
  • the process S22 for acquiring this information is executed in the same procedure as the processes S12 to S18 in FIG. 4. (The information acquisition process in process S31 in FIG. 8 and process S41 in FIG. 9, which will be described later, is also similar.)
  • the control unit 1a reads the implementation state of the agricultural work included in the acquired work information, and identifies the dry state of the rice field in which the agricultural work was performed based on the water management information included in the work information (S23).
  • the mid-drying state identified at this time includes whether or not mid-drying is implemented in the rice fields and the mid-drying period.
  • the control unit 1a determines whether or not mid-drying is to be carried out and the mid-drying based on the water supply date and draining date for the paddy field, or the mid-drying start date and mid-drying end date indicated by the water management information included in the acquired work information. The period may also be specified.
  • control unit 1a may check whether at least the start date of the specified start date and end date of the mid-dry period is before the heading of paddy rice cultivated in the paddy field. Then, the control unit 1a determines the specified mid-dry period if the start date of the mid-dry period is before the heading of paddy rice, and determines the specified mid-dry period if the start date of the mid-dry period is the heading date of paddy rice or after the heading of rice. It is also possible to invalidate the mid-season period and determine that the mid-season period was not implemented.
  • the heading date of paddy rice in a paddy field can be determined by, for example, inputting the date on which the farmer visually confirmed the paddy rice heading into the farmer terminal device 3, and then using the farmer terminal device 3 directly or through the agricultural management device 2 to reduce rice methane. It is sent to the support device 1.
  • the control unit 1a reads the calculation formula (the above-described determined formulas (1) and (2)) corresponding to the rice field from the storage unit 1b, and specifies the calculation formula, the read implementation state of the agricultural work, and The amount of methane emitted from the rice field is calculated based on the dry state of the rice field (S24).
  • the control unit 1a reads the basic methane emissions corresponding to the rice fields from the storage unit 1b, and calculates the methane reduction amount of the rice fields by subtracting the methane emissions of the rice fields from the basic methane emissions (S25 ). That is, the control unit 1a calculates the amount of methane reduction in the paddy field that is reduced due to a change in agricultural work in the paddy field or a change in the specified mid-dry state to the basic mid-dry state.
  • control unit 1a generates evaluation information including the calculated amount of methane reduction in the rice fields, and transmits the evaluation information to the farmer terminal device 3 using the communication unit 1c based on the farmer information (S26).
  • the evaluation information may include not only the amount of methane reduction in the rice fields, but also the specified mid-dry period or the calculated amount of methane emissions.
  • the methane evaluation operation shown in Figure 6 shows an example in which methane emissions are calculated using a calculation formula corresponding to rice fields, and the methane reduction amount is calculated by subtracting the methane emissions from the basic methane emissions.
  • the correlation between the dry period of rice fields and the amount of methane reduction can be derived in advance based on a calculation formula, and the amount of methane reduction can be calculated based on the correlation and the specified dry period. Good too.
  • control unit 1a may extend the basic mid-drying period included in the basic mid-drying state of paddy fields at predetermined intervals forward or backward (forward or backward) in the initial setting operation or the like in advance in the simulation. Methane emissions will be calculated based on the extended mid-dry period and the calculation formula corresponding to the rice fields. Further, the control unit 1a subtracts the methane emission amount from the basic methane emission amount to calculate the methane reduction amount of the rice field. Then, the control unit 1a derives a correlation between the dry period of the rice fields and the amount of methane reduction, and causes the storage unit 1b to store first correlation data indicating the correlation.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of first correlation data showing the correlation between the dry period of rice fields and the amount of methane reduction.
  • the first correlation data shown in FIG. 7 shows the correlation between the dry period of rice fields and the amount of methane reduction in a table format.
  • the first correlation data shows the amount of methane reduction in the case of the basic drying period (5 days) of rice fields, the amount of methane reduction in the case of extending the basic drying period by 7 days and 14 days, respectively, and the basic drying period.
  • Methane reduction amount when the basic dry period is extended by 7 days and 14 days respectively, Methane reduction amount when the basic dry period is extended by 7 days earlier and 7 days later, Methane reduction amount when the basic dry period is extended by 7 days and 7 days later, respectively
  • the figure shows the amount of methane reduced when the period is extended for 14 days.
  • the control unit 1a identifies the dry state of the rice field, and calculates the methane emission amount of the rice field based on the dry period included in the dry state and the first correlation data. Calculate methane reduction amount without Specifically, for example, when the mid-drying period of rice fields is extended by 10 days earlier than the basic mid-drying period, the control unit 1a calculates the methane reduction amount Ya in the case of 7 days in advance of the first correlation data and Based on the methane reduction amount Yc for 14 days, the methane reduction amount for the mid-dry period of 10 days ahead of schedule is calculated.
  • the method for calculating the amount of methane reduction in rice fields is not limited to the calculation method described above, and the amount of methane reduction in rice fields may be calculated based on other calculation formulas or data.
  • the amount of methane reduction (and methane emissions) in rice fields at least one of the amount of methane reduction (and methane emissions) in the entire rice field and the amount of methane reduction (and methane emissions) per unit area of the rice field. It may be calculated.
  • the methane reduction rate (%) of the rice fields may be calculated as the methane reduction amount.
  • the amount of methane reduction in the rice fields may be calculated using model data and calculation formulas that take into consideration information other than the rice field information and work information of the rice fields, such as weather information. Furthermore, the amount of methane reduction in rice fields may be calculated using AI machine learning.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of the drying proposal operation of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the drying proposal operation in FIG. 8 is an operation that proposes a recommended drying period that effectively and beneficially reduces methane from rice fields.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 transmits farmer information, rice field information, and work information corresponding to the rice field to the agricultural management device 2 or the farmer terminal. It is acquired from the device 3 (S31 in FIG. 8). This information acquisition process S31 is executed in the same procedure as the processes S12 to S18 in FIG. 4.
  • control unit 1a calculates the amount of methane reduction in the paddy fields each time the basic dry period included in the basic dry state of the paddy fields is extended at predetermined intervals before and after the simulation, and The correlation between the middle dry period and the amount of methane reduction is derived, and first correlation data indicating the correlation is stored in the storage unit 1b (S32 in FIG. 8).
  • control unit 1a calculates the yield loss of crops in the paddy field each time the basic dry period of the paddy field is extended at predetermined intervals before and after the basic dry period of the paddy field, and calculates the correlation between the mid-dry period of the paddy field and the yield loss of the crops. is derived, and second correlation data indicating the correlation is stored in the storage unit 1b (S33).
  • the control unit 1a estimates the basic yield of crops in the paddy field based on the basic mid-dry period of the paddy field, the paddy field information, and the work information.
  • the control unit 1a controls the production of crops in the paddy field based on the extended mid-dry period, paddy field information, and work information of the paddy field.
  • Estimate yield The longer the dry period in rice fields, the lower the crop yield. Therefore, the control unit 1a calculates the reduced crop yield by subtracting the crop yield calculated for each extended mid-dry period from the basic yield, and correlates the mid-dry period of the paddy field with the reduced crop yield. A relationship is derived, and second correlation data indicating the correlation is generated.
  • the second correlation data may be data in a table format or may be an arithmetic expression.
  • the control unit 1a determines, based on the first correlation data and the second correlation data, recommended mid-drying for paddy fields in which the amount of methane reduction is greater than or equal to a first predetermined value and the amount of crop yield reduction is less than or equal to a second predetermined value.
  • the period is determined (S34).
  • the control unit 1a transmits work proposal information including the determined recommended mid-drying period to the farmer terminal device 3 corresponding to the paddy field through the communication unit 1c (S35). If the basic mid-drying period is 0 days, that is, if mid-drying has not been carried out in the paddy fields in the past, the control unit 1a includes information to recommend implementation of mid-drying in the work proposal information in step S35. Good too.
  • control unit 1a includes the extension date and time of the conventional mid-drying period in the work proposal information in step S35. Good too. Further, the control unit 1a may determine at least one of the start date and end date of the recommended mid-dry period, and include at least one of the start date and end date in the work proposal information.
  • the farmer terminal device 3 receives the work proposal information from the rice field methane reduction support device 1, and displays the recommended mid-drought period for the rice fields indicated by the work proposal information on the display of the input/output interface.
  • control unit 1a derives either the first correlation data or the second correlation data, and determines the optimal You may also determine the recommended mid-drying period.
  • the control unit 1a may perform water management operations such as intermittent irrigation of paddy fields, and perform crop maintenance in addition to or in place of drying the paddy fields and extending the drying period. It may be suggested to carry out agricultural activities such as plowing rice straw or applying compost after harvesting.
  • AI and machine learning may be used to derive suggestions such as a recommended mid-drying period for rice fields, recommended water management work, plowing in rice straw, or application of compost.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of the calculation formula updating operation of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the calculation formula updating operation in FIG. 9 is an operation for updating the calculation formula for the amount of methane emissions from rice fields. For example, when the administrator of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 inputs an instruction to update the calculation formula corresponding to a certain rice field through the input/output interface 1d (S41 in FIG. 9), the control unit 1a updates the rice field information corresponding to the rice field. and work information from the agricultural management device 2 or farmer terminal device 3 (S42).
  • control unit 1a responds to the change in the information.
  • the formula for calculating the amount of methane emissions from the rice fields is updated (S44).
  • control unit 1a changes the formula for calculating the amount of methane emissions from the paddy field in accordance with the change.
  • the calculation formula is updated by changing the variables fd, fo, EF, a, and b in (FIG. 5) (S44).
  • control unit 1a may also update the basic methane emission amount.
  • the operator operates the input/output interface 1d (mouse, keyboard, etc.) of the rice field methane reduction support device 1, and the storage section
  • the model data stored in 1b may be updated.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of the crediting operation of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the credit conversion operation shown in FIG. 10 is an operation when converting the amount of methane reduction in rice fields into electronic credits, and shows the details of the process S4 in FIG. 3.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 After calculating the methane reduction amount in the rice field, the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 generates report information including the methane reduction amount in the rice field and farmer information corresponding to the rice field, and transmits the report information to the communication unit. 1c to the credit management device 8 (S51 in FIG. 10).
  • control unit 1a includes paddy field information regarding the paddy fields, conventional work information in the paddy fields (for example, work information from the past several years), and target work information (for example, work information for the past several years) indicating agricultural work that has been changed to reduce methane from the paddy fields. current year's work information), a fixed calculation formula for calculating methane emissions of rice fields set based on model data (formula with fixed variables of model formulas (1) and (2) in Figure 5), and at least one of the variables included in the calculation formula may be included in the report information and transmitted to the credit management device 8 by the communication unit 1c.
  • control unit 1a when including the variables included in the above calculation formula in the report information, the control unit 1a also includes the data used to determine the variables (for example, the measured values such as daily water depth, and the rainfall at the time of measuring the measured values). weather information indicating that there was no such event) may also be included in the report information.
  • the conventional work information and target work information that the control unit 1a includes in the report information may include water management information such as the heading date of paddy rice grown in the paddy field and the mid-dry period of the paddy field.
  • the credit management device 8 When the credit management device 8 receives the report information from the rice field methane reduction support device 1, it issues a credit according to the amount of methane reduction in the rice field included in the report information, and transfers the credit information indicating the credit to the rice field methane reduction support device. Send to 1.
  • the report information may be confirmed (verified), for example, by the credit management device 8 or the credit management company.
  • the report information includes only the water management information of the rice fields entered (declared) by the farmer. For example, more credits will be issued in the latter case than in the above case, depending on the case where the detected objective rice field water management information (corroboration of water management status) is included in the report information. A difference may be made in the amount of credits to be issued.
  • the credit information from the credit management device 8 includes information such as the credit value, identification information (management number), and the credit owner.
  • the control unit 1a Upon receiving the credit information from the credit management device 8 (S52), the control unit 1a identifies the farmer who is the owner of the credit indicated by the credit information, and transmits the received information to the farmer terminal device 3 used by the farmer. The received credit information is transmitted (S53).
  • the methane reduction amount is credited for each rice field, but in addition to this, the methane reduction amount of multiple rice fields may be credited all at once, as shown in FIG. 11, for example.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing another example of the crediting operation of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 adds up the methane reduction amount of a plurality of rice fields (S54 in FIG. 11), generates report information including the combined methane reduction amount, and sends the report information to the communication unit. 1c to the credit management device 8 (S51a).
  • control unit 1a receives (obtains) credit information indicating credits issued from the credit management device 8 according to the total methane reduction amount through the communication unit 1c (S52a)
  • the control unit 1a receives the credit indicated by the credit information. , and distribute it according to the amount of methane reduction in a plurality of rice fields (S55). Further, the control unit 1a newly generates credit information indicating the distributed credits, and transmits the credit information to the farmer terminal device 3 of the farmer corresponding to the plurality of rice fields through the communication unit 1c (S53a). .
  • control unit 1a estimates credits corresponding to the amount of methane reduction in the rice fields based on a predetermined calculation formula or predetermined table data, and includes provisional credit information indicating the estimated credits in the report information, and the communication unit 1c It may also be transmitted to the credit management device 8 by.
  • the predetermined calculation formula or predetermined table data may be stored in advance in the storage unit 1b or the database 2d of the agricultural management device 2 (FIG. 1), for example. When a predetermined calculation formula or predetermined table data is stored in the database 2d, the control unit 1a may acquire (receive) the predetermined calculation formula or predetermined table data from the agricultural management device 2 through the communication unit 1c. .
  • control unit 1a may notify the farmer of the temporary credit information based on the farmer information. Specifically, the control unit 1a transmits temporary credit information to the farmer terminal device 3 used by the farmer, for example, through the communication unit 1c. The farmer terminal device 3 that has received the provisional credit information outputs the provisional credit information on a display or the like. This allows farmers to recognize temporary credit information.
  • the control unit 1a also includes, as the conventional work information and target work information to be included in the report information, the heading date of paddy rice grown in the paddy field and water management information such as the mid-drying period of the paddy field. There may also be information indicating the implementation date and implementation status of rice straw plowing and compost application. That is, in addition to water management operations such as drying rice fields, other operations that affect the amount of methane produced, such as controlling the amount or timing of plowing rice straw and applying organic fertilizers, were carried out. In this case, this will be reflected in the increase or decrease in the amount of credits issued due to the implementation of the work, and may be eligible for credit issuance.
  • control unit 1a or the like controls the amount and timing of at least one of plowing rice straw in the paddy field and applying organic fertilizer to the paddy field.
  • the amount of credits issued for the amount of methane generated reduced by drying may be increased or decreased.
  • the amount or timing of at least one of rice straw plowing and organic fertilizer application is expected to be reduced by changing the amount or timing of at least one of rice straw plowing and organic fertilizer application, the amount of reduction will be Credits may be issued.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of the credit purchasing operation of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the credit purchasing operation in FIG. 12 is an operation when purchasing credits from a farmer, and shows an example of the process S7 in FIG. 3.
  • the farmer terminal device 3 When information indicating that a farmer wants to sell the credits he/she owns is inputted into the farmer terminal device 3, the farmer terminal device 3 generates sales wish information indicating that the farmer wants to sell the credits, and sells the credits.
  • the desired information is transmitted to the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the information on the desire to sell includes not only the fact that the user wants to sell the credit, but also credit information indicating the value of the credit, the identification number, and the like.
  • the controller 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 receives the sales information from the farmer terminal device 3 through the communication unit 1c (S61), the controller 1a determines the price of the credit indicated by the sales information.
  • the credit shown in is issued based only on the water management information of rice fields entered by the farmer, and the credit is issued based on objective information such as water level sensor 5, water management device 4, earth observation satellite 7, and monitoring device 6. There may be a difference in the amount of consideration, such as when the credit is issued based on water management information of rice fields, and the amount of credit is greater in the case described below than in the above case.
  • the control unit 1a outputs payment instruction information indicating an instruction to make a predetermined trader pay the determined price through the input/output interface 1d (S62). At this time, for example, the control unit 1a displays payment instruction information on a display included in the input/output interface 1d. Alternatively, the payment instruction information may be transferred to a transactor terminal device (not shown) used by a predetermined transactor.
  • the control unit 1a The person is changed from the farmer to the trader and the credit is managed on behalf of the trader (S64). Further, the control unit 1a generates change report information including credit information indicating the corresponding credit and information indicating that the owner of the credit has been changed from a farmer to a trader, and transmits the change report information.
  • the communication unit 1c transmits it to the credit management device 8 (S65).
  • the credit management device 8 Upon receiving the change report information from the rice field methane reduction support device 1, the credit management device 8 accepts a change in the owner of the credit indicated by the change report information, and updates the management information of the credit.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the credit transaction operation of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the credit transaction operation in FIG. 13 is an operation when selling credit to a consumer, and shows an example of the process S7 in FIG. 3.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 receives purchase request information indicating that the credit to be managed is to be purchased from the customer terminal device 9 used by the customer through the communication unit 1c (S71), A price for the credit indicated by the purchase request information is determined, and a payment instruction for making the consumer pay the price is transmitted to the consumer terminal device 9 (S72).
  • the control unit 1a transfers the owner of the corresponding credit to the transactor.
  • the credit is changed from the credit to the consumer (S74), and the credit is removed from the management target.
  • the control unit 1a generates change report information including credit information indicating the credit and information indicating that the owner of the credit has been changed from the transactor to the consumer, and communicates the change report information.
  • the unit 1c transmits it to the credit management device 8 (S75).
  • the agricultural management device 2 and the farmer terminal device 3 are external devices to the rice field methane reduction support device 1, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 and the agricultural management device 2 may be configured with the same computer or server, or the rice field methane reduction support device 1 and the farmer terminal device 3 may be configured with the same computer or terminal device.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1, the agricultural management device 2, and the farmer terminal device 3 may be provided on the cloud so that they can input and output information to each other on the cloud.
  • evaluation information indicating the amount of methane reduction in rice fields, work proposal information including the recommended drying period for rice fields, and credit information indicating credits according to the amount of methane reduction can be input and output on the same computer or on the cloud. You may.
  • the water management device 4 detects the water management status of the rice field in order to reduce methane emitted from the rice field during the cultivation of crops in the rice field based on the detection results of the water level sensor 5, etc. Examples are shown in which the monitoring device 6 detects the information based on the observation results obtained by the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7, or the farmer inputs the information using the farmer terminal device 3.
  • the water management device 4 or the water level sensor 5 is not installed in the rice field and the rice field is not monitored by the monitoring device 6, the water management state of the rice field cannot be detected. Furthermore, the information (record) on the water management status of rice fields inputted by the farmer using the farmer terminal device 3 has insufficient objectivity and evidence, and there is a risk that it may be wrong or falsified.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 uses the data of SAR images (observation images) obtained by the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7 to determine the state of water management for reducing methane in the rice fields and the relevant state. is configured to specify the period during which the period lasted. An embodiment in this case will be described in detail below.
  • FIG. 14A is a diagram showing an example of a reflection state of microwaves irradiated from the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7 to a flooded rice field H.
  • a flooded rice field H is irradiated with microwave Wa from the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7, the microwave Wa is reflected by the smooth water surface Hw of the rice field H. Therefore, in the flooded rice field H, the intensity of the forward scattered wave Wf of the microwave Wa becomes high and the intensity of the back scattered wave becomes low, that is, the backscattering coefficient ⁇ becomes small.
  • FIG. 14B is a diagram showing an example of the reflection state of microwaves irradiated from the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7 to a paddy field H in a flooded state.
  • the microwave Wa is applied to the paddy field H which is uneven (not smooth with unevenness) or cracked. Reflected by Hg on the ground surface. Therefore, in the paddy field H in the flooded state, the intensity of the forward scattered wave Wf of the microwave Wa is lower than in the case of the paddy field H in the flooded state (FIG. 14A), and the intensity of the backscattered wave Wb of the microwave Wa ( (backscattering coefficient) increases, that is, the backscattering coefficient ⁇ increases.
  • FIG. 15A to 15C are diagrams showing examples of SAR images obtained by observing an area including a plurality of rice fields H where crops (paddy rice) are being cultivated using the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7.
  • FIG. 15A shows a SAR image before the mid-drought period (observation date: June 21, 2021) of an area including multiple rice fields H.
  • FIG. 15B shows SAR images of multiple rice fields H during the mid-dry period (observation date: July 3, 2021).
  • FIG. 15C shows a SAR image of multiple rice fields H after the mid-dry period (observation date: July 15, 2021).
  • Each SAR image shown in FIGS. 15A to 15C shows the intensity of backscattered waves when X-band microwaves are irradiated from a synthetic aperture radar.
  • a plurality of rice fields H are included in the hatched portion, and the visible rice fields H are shown separated by broken lines.
  • a pixel value representing at least one of the color shading and brightness of each pixel of the SAR image is detected, and each pixel value is stored in a predetermined LUT (Look Up Table) or an arithmetic expression stored in advance in the storage unit 1b.
  • LUT Look Up Table
  • an arithmetic expression stored in advance in the storage unit 1b.
  • the paddy field H is displayed dark because it is in a flooded state.
  • the rice field H is displayed as whitish because it is in a state of overflowing.
  • FIGS. 16A and 16B are graphs showing histograms of backscattering coefficients for one rice field H1 included in the SAR images shown in FIGS. 15A to 15C.
  • FIG. 16A shows a histogram Gb of backscattering coefficients corresponding to a plurality of pixels representing the paddy field H1 in the SAR image before the mid-dry period, and a histogram Gb of backscattering coefficients corresponding to a plurality of pixels representing the paddy field H1 in the SAR image during the mid-dry period.
  • 3 is a graph showing a histogram Gc of corresponding backscattering coefficients.
  • FIG. 16B is a graph showing a histogram Gc and a histogram Ga of backscattering coefficients corresponding to a plurality of pixels representing the rice field H1 after the mid-dry period.
  • the horizontal axis shows the range of backscattering coefficients
  • the vertical axis shows the ratio of the number of pixels associated with each backscattering coefficient to the total number of pixels representing the rice field H1.
  • a histogram Gb of the backscattering coefficient of the paddy field H1 before the mid-dry period a histogram Gc of the backscattering coefficient of the paddy field H1 during the mid-dry period
  • a back scattering coefficient of the paddy field H1 before the mid-dry period The scattering coefficient histogram Ga each shows a normal distribution.
  • the histogram Gb of the backscattering coefficient of the paddy field H1 before the mid-dry period is wider than the histogram Gc of the backscattering coefficient of the paddy field H1 during the mid-dry period, where the backscattering coefficient is smaller.
  • the distribution range has also increased.
  • the mode Gbm of the histogram Gb before the mid-dry period is smaller than the mode Gcm of the histogram Gc during the mid-dry period.
  • the average value and median value of the histogram Gb before the mid-dry period are also smaller than the average value of the histogram Gc during the mid-dry period (symbols not shown).
  • the backscattering coefficient histogram Ga of the SAR image of paddy field H1 after the mid-dry period is lower than the histogram Gc of the backscattering coefficient of the SAR image of paddy field H1 during the mid-dry period. spread over a small area.
  • the mode Gam of the histogram Ga after the mid-dry period is smaller than the mode Gcm of the histogram Gc during the mid-dry period.
  • the average value and median value of the histogram Ga after the mid-dry period are also smaller than the average value of the histogram Gc during the mid-dry period (symbols not shown).
  • a threshold value for determining the water management state of the rice field H1 is set. For example, as shown in FIG. 16A, the backscattering coefficient of the vertex P1 of the portion where the histogram Gb before the mid-dry period and the histogram Gc during the mid-dry period overlap is detected. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 16B, the backscattering coefficient of the vertex P2 of the portion where the histogram Ga after the mid-dry period and the histogram Gc during the mid-dry period overlap is detected.
  • a first threshold value ⁇ 1 for determining that the rice field H1 is in a semi-dry state is set.
  • one of the mode, average, median, maximum, and minimum of the backscattering coefficient of the vertex P1 and the backscattering coefficient of the vertex P2 may be set as the first threshold ⁇ 1.
  • the first threshold value ⁇ 1 it is possible to determine whether or not the paddy field H1 is in a flooded state and whether or not it is in a flooded state.
  • a normal distribution curve corresponding to each of the histograms Ga to Gc may be calculated, and the first threshold value ⁇ 1 may be set based on the normal distribution curve.
  • the backscattering coefficient at the intersection of the normal distribution curve of the histogram Gb before the mid-dry period and the normal distribution curve of the histogram Gc during the mid-dry period is detected.
  • the backscattering coefficient at the intersection of the normal distribution curve of the histogram Ga after the mid-dry period and the normal distribution curve of the histogram Gc during the mid-dry period is detected.
  • any one of the mode, average, median, maximum, and minimum of the backscattering coefficients at the two intersection points may be set as the first threshold ⁇ 1.
  • the rice field H1 is in a flooded state.
  • a second threshold value ⁇ 2 is set for determining that ⁇ 2 is present.
  • the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be set to the minimum value of the histogram Gc, or a value smaller than the minimum value by a predetermined margin value.
  • the setting of the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 as described above may be performed, for example, by an operator operating a computer, or the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 may set the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 according to a software program. May be executed. Further, the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be set by machine learning using AI (artificial intelligence). However, the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 are stored in the storage unit 1b (FIG. 1) of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • the method of setting the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 is not limited to the above.
  • at least one of the operator, the rice field methane reduction support device 1, another computer, and the AI can display the SAR image of the rice field and the actual flooding, falling water, drying out, etc. of the rice field visually recognized by the operator, etc.
  • the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be set with reference to information indicating the state and period of water management.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 uses the backscattering coefficient detected from the data of the SAR image (observation image) of the rice field and the water level information obtained from the detection result of the water level sensor 5 installed in the rice field. Based on this, the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be set (calculated) and stored in the storage unit 1b.
  • first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be set for each rice field, or the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be set for a plurality of rice fields.
  • first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be set based on the scattering coefficient.
  • the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be set statistically or typologically based on the SAR image of the rice field and the empirical data. Further, the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be set based on SAR images and empirical data of different rice fields, or may be set using different algorithms. Further, the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be set to different values, or may be set to the same value. Furthermore, at least one of the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be set. Furthermore, the first threshold value ⁇ 1 and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 may be updated every predetermined number of years based on SAR images of rice fields and verification data collected so far.
  • FIG. 17 is a graph showing changes in the ratio of backscattering coefficients corresponding to paddy field H1 in SAR images before and after the mid-dry period.
  • Figure 17 shows rice fields observed by the synthetic aperture radar of Earth Observation Satellite 7 on June 9, June 21, July 3, July 15, and July 27, 2021.
  • the backscattering coefficient corresponding to each pixel of the H1 SAR image is divided into three stages, the ratio of each division is shown.
  • June 9th and 21st are the observation days before the mid-drying period of paddy field H1
  • July 3rd is the observation day during the mid-drying period of paddy field H1
  • July 15th and 27th are the observation days of paddy field H1. This is the observation date after the mid-dry period.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 17 shows the date, and the vertical axis shows the percentage.
  • the SAR images of June 9th and July 27th are omitted from illustration. However, in the SAR image taken on June 9th, as in the SAR image taken on June 21st shown in FIG. 15A, the flooded paddy field H appears dark. Furthermore, in the SAR image taken on July 27th, as in the SAR image taken on July 15th shown in FIG. 15C, the paddy field H in a state of overflowing appears whitish.
  • the stage where the backscattering coefficient ⁇ is larger than the first threshold value ⁇ 1 is set as the middle dry zone Cm.
  • the stage where the backscattering coefficient ⁇ is smaller than the second threshold value ⁇ 2 is set as the flooded area Cf.
  • a stage where the backscattering coefficient ⁇ is equal to or greater than the second threshold value ⁇ 2 and equal to or less than the first threshold value ⁇ 1 is set as a partially flooded area Cp.
  • the first threshold value ⁇ 1 is set to "-14 [db]" and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 is set to "-20 [db]".
  • the solid line indicates the ratio of backscattering coefficients in the dry zone Cm
  • the double-dot chain line indicates the ratio of the backscattering coefficients in the partially flooded zone Cp
  • the ratio of the backscattering coefficient in the flooded zone Cf. is shown by a dashed line.
  • the proportion (88.5%) of the backscattering coefficient ⁇ belonging to the mid-dry area Cm was different for the flooded area Cf and the partially flooded area Cp. This is significantly higher than the proportion of the backscattering coefficient ⁇ (0.72% for the flooded area Cf and 10.78% for the partially flooded area Cp).
  • the proportion of backscattering coefficient ⁇ belonging to mid-dry area Cm is the ratio of backscattering coefficient ⁇ that belongs to flooded area Cf and partially flooded area Cp (55.24% on July 15th and 81.68% on July 27th in flooded area Cf, partially flooded area Cf). It is lower than Mizu Ward Cp (41.59% on July 15th and 17.57% on the 27th). Further, after the dry period of the rice field H1, the proportion of the backscattering coefficient ⁇ belonging to the flooded area Cf is higher than the proportion of the backscattering coefficient ⁇ belonging to the partially flooded area Cp.
  • the ratio of the backscattering coefficient ⁇ belonging to the mid-dry zone Cm and the flooded zone Cf changes significantly depending on whether or not it is the actual mid-drought period of the paddy field H1. It can be said that it has been demonstrated that the first threshold value ⁇ 1 that determines Cm and the second threshold value ⁇ 2 that determines the flooded area Cf are appropriate as threshold values for determining the dry state of the paddy field H1.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing an example of the water management specific operation of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the water management specifying operation shown in FIG. 18 is an operation for specifying the state of water management for reducing methane in rice fields and the period during which the state has continued, and is performed in step S23 after the above-described step S22 in FIG. Instead, it is executed by the control unit 1a (FIG. 1) of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 receives a methane evaluation command from the farmer terminal device 3 through the communication unit 1c (communication interface) as described above ( S21 in FIG. 6). Then, the control unit 1a transmits farmer information, paddy field information, and work information corresponding to the farmer identification information and rice field identification information included in the methane evaluation command from the agricultural management device 2 or the farmer terminal device 3. The information is acquired (received) by the communication unit 1c (S22).
  • the communication unit 1c is an example of an acquisition unit that acquires information.
  • the acquisition unit may be configured with an input interface that can input information and data to the rice field methane reduction support device 1 via a storage medium.
  • the control unit 1a executes the water management specifying operation in FIG. First, the control unit 1a reads the acquired rice field information and work information (S81 in FIG. 18), and checks whether the work information includes water management information of the target rice field indicated by the rice field information. For example, if the water management device 4 or the like (which may include the water level sensor 5 in FIG. 1) is installed in the target paddy field, the control unit 1a controls the flooding and irrigation of the target paddy field detected by the water management device 4. It is confirmed that the work information includes water management information (hereinafter referred to as "detected water management information"), which is information indicating the water management state such as , falling water, etc. (S82 in FIG. 18: YES).
  • water management information hereinafter referred to as "detected water management information”
  • the control unit 1a provides water management information (hereinafter referred to as "detected water management information") of the target rice field detected by the monitoring device 6. It is confirmed that the work information (hereinafter referred to as "information”) is included in the work information (S82 in FIG. 18: YES).
  • control unit 1a identifies the state (presence or absence) and period of water management implemented to reduce methane in the target rice field based on the detected water management information, and indicates the state and period of the drying.
  • the specific water management information is stored in the storage unit 1b (S83).
  • the control unit 1a causes the storage unit 1b to store the detected water management information based on which the specific water management information is specified, in association with the specific water management information as basis information (S84).
  • the control unit 1a first identifies the tillering stage and panicle formation stage of the crop (paddy rice) planted in the target paddy field based on the paddy field information and work information. Next, the control unit 1a reads the detected water management information and determines whether the target paddy field has remained unflooded for a predetermined number of days (for example, 5 days) or more between the tillering stage and the panicle formation stage. Check whether or not.
  • control unit 1a determines whether the target paddy field has been in a non-flooded state (flooded state) for a predetermined number of days (for example, 5 days) or more. If the control unit 1a confirms from the detected water management information that the target paddy field has been in a non-flooded state (flooded state) for a predetermined number of days (for example, 5 days) or more, the control unit 1a implements drying in the target paddy field. It is determined that there was. Then, the control unit 1a specifies the start date and last day of the target paddy field not being flooded as the mid-drying start date and mid-drying end date, respectively, and the period from the mid-drying start date to the mid-drying end date. Identify the period as a mid-dry period. Further, the control unit 1a generates specific water management information indicating that the target rice field has been dryed and the drying period, and stores the specific water management information in the storage unit 1b (S84).
  • control unit 1a if drying is not performed in the target paddy field, the control unit 1a cannot specify the drying state of the target paddy field based on the detected water management information in step S83. In this case, in process S84, the control unit 1a generates specific water management information indicating that there was no implementation in the target rice field, and stores the specific water management information in the storage unit 1b.
  • the control unit 1a calculates the methane reduction amount of the target rice field as described above (S25), stores the methane reduction amount in the storage unit 1b, and stores the evaluation information including the methane reduction amount in the farmer information. is transmitted to the farmer terminal device 3 based on (S26).
  • the water level sensor 5 and the water management device 4 may not be installed in the target paddy field, and the target paddy field may not be included in the monitoring target of the monitoring device 6.
  • a farmer inputs water management information, which is information indicating the water management status of the target rice field, such as flooding, irrigation, falling water, and drying, using the farmer terminal device 3.
  • control unit 1a determines that the detected water management information is not included in the work information (S82 in FIG. 18: NO), and that the water management information (hereinafter referred to as "input water It is confirmed that "management information" is included in the work information (S85: YES). Then, the control unit 1a verifies the input water management information of the target rice field, and the state and period of water management implemented to reduce methane, based on the data of the SAR image obtained by the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7. (S86).
  • FIGS. 19A and 19B are flowcharts illustrating an example of the verification specific operation of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the verification specifying operation shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B shows details of the process S86 in FIG. 18.
  • the control unit 1a acquires data of a plurality of SAR images observed by the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7 based on the input water management information, and based on the data of the plurality of SAR images. Based on the determined water management status and period, verify the water management status and period of the target paddy field indicated by the input water management information, and Identify water management conditions and time frames to reduce methane. This verification specific operation will be described in detail below.
  • the input water management information included in the work information of the target rice field includes a mid-dry state and a mid-dry period as the state and period of water management for reducing methane in the target rice field. For this reason, the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 first determines the mid-drying start date and the mid-drying final day of the mid-drying period of the target paddy field indicated by the input water management information (S91 in FIG. 19A). ).
  • the mid-drying start date is the day when the target paddy field changes from a flooded state to a submerged state due to being mid-dryed.
  • the last day of mid-drying is the day before the target paddy field undergoing mid-drying changes from a flooded state to a flooded state.
  • control unit 1a communicates with the monitoring device 6, which stores data observed by the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7, through the communication unit 1c, to determine the start date of mid-drying of the target paddy field and the end date of mid-drying of the target paddy field.
  • SAR image data of the area including the target rice field observed by the synthetic aperture radar on each day is acquired (received) (S92).
  • observation data of the synthetic aperture radar is stored in, for example, an observation data server (not shown) instead of the monitoring device 6, the control unit 1a can control the data on the start date of mid-drying and the last day of mid-drying of the target paddy field.
  • the communication unit 1c acquires SAR image data of the area including the target paddy field observed by the synthetic aperture radar from the observation data server.
  • the monitoring device 6 and the observation data server are an example of an observation management device.
  • the control unit 1a determines the position of the area including the target rice field based on the rice field information, and acquires the SAR image of the synthetic aperture radar that observed the position from the monitoring device 6 or the observation data server.
  • control unit 1a extracts one or more pixels indicating the target paddy field from the SAR image observed on the first day of drying of the target paddy field, and detects the backscattering coefficient corresponding to the pixel value of the pixel ( S93). At this time, the control unit 1a counts the number of detected backscattering coefficients, that is, the total number Na of backscattering coefficients of the target paddy field.
  • the number of pixels indicating the target rice field in the SAR image changes depending on the resolution (observation width) of the SAR image. For this reason, a SAR image with an appropriate resolution is acquired from the monitoring device 6 or the like to the paddy field methane reduction support device 1, taking into account the area of the target paddy field, the number of backscattering coefficients to be extracted, and the like.
  • the control unit 1a On the start date, it is determined that the target paddy field is in a flooded and semi-dry state, and the determination result is recorded in the storage unit 1b (S96).
  • Rt for example, 80%
  • the control unit 1a determines that the target paddy field is not in a flooded state and is in a mid-dry state on the mid-drought start date indicated by the input water management information. The determination result is recorded in the storage unit 1b (S97).
  • the third threshold value Rt is set based on the empirical data of the backscattering coefficient of rice fields, as shown in FIG. 17, for example.
  • control unit 1a extracts a pixel indicating the target paddy field from the SAR image on the last day of drying, and detects a backscattering coefficient corresponding to the pixel value of the pixel (S98 in FIG. 19B). Further, the control unit 1a calculates the ratio Re of the corresponding number Nb of backscattering coefficients larger than the first threshold value ⁇ 1 to the total number Na of backscattering coefficients of the target rice fields extracted as described above (S99).
  • the control unit 1a determines that the target paddy field is in a flooded state and in a mid-dry state on the last day of the mid-dry period indicated by the input water management information. The determination result is recorded in the storage unit 1b (S101).
  • the control unit 1a determines that the target paddy field is not in a flooded state on the last day of the mid-dry period indicated by the input water management information, and is in a mid-dry state. It is determined that there is no error, and the determination result is recorded in the storage unit 1b (S102).
  • control unit 1a determines in process S96 of FIG. 19A and process S101 of FIG. It is determined that the determined drying state and period of the target paddy field correspond to the drying state and period of the target paddy field indicated by the input water management information (S103 in FIG. 19B: YES). Then, the control unit 1a determines that the state and period of water management indicated by the input water management information are valid (S104), and stores the input water management information in the storage unit 1b as specific water management information (S105). ).
  • the control unit 1a determines that the drying state and period of the target paddy field determined from the SAR image data match the drying state and period of the target paddy field indicated by the input water management information.
  • the present invention is not limited to this example. For example, if the input water management information indicates the date of flooding and the date of flooding of the target rice field, and the number of days from the date of flooding to the date of flooding is more than a predetermined number of days (for example, 5 days), the control unit 1a , the input dry period of the target paddy field may be estimated from the date of flooding to the date of flooding.
  • the control unit 1a can confirm from the SAR image data that the target rice field is in a flooded state on the flood date and is in a flooded state on the flood day, the control unit 1a makes a judgment from the SAR image data. It may be determined that the drying state and period of the target paddy field correspond to the drying state and period of the target paddy field indicated by the input water management information.
  • the implementation date of the work to lower the water level of the target paddy field the implementation date of the drainage work to reduce the water level of the target paddy field to approximately 0, and the implementation date of the water supply work to raise the water level of the target paddy field are input.
  • the control unit 1a estimates a reasonable time required for the water level to drop to approximately 0 based on the drainage performance of the target paddy field, and calculates the water level based on the water supply performance of the target paddy field. It is also possible to estimate a reasonable amount of time required for water to rise and become flooded.
  • the control unit 1a determines that the water level of the target paddy field has decreased to approximately 0 after the elapse of the required flooding time from the implementation date of the water supply work, and that the water level of the target paddy field has decreased to approximately 0 after the elapse of the required flooding time from the implementation date of the water supply work.
  • the condition and period of mid-drought (or intermittent irrigation) of the target rice field determined from the SAR image data.
  • the control unit 1a determines that the water management status and period indicated by the input water management information are valid (S104 in FIG. 19B), and stores the input water management information as specific water management information in the storage unit 1b. (S105), the specific water management information, the input water management information, information indicating that the specific water management information and the input water management information correspond to each other, and information indicating that the input water management information is valid. Verification information including information indicating this is generated, and the verification information is stored in the storage unit 1b (S106). At this time, the control unit 1a displays display data of SAR images as shown in FIGS.
  • the verification information may include an explanation or legend of the SAR image or the image of the target paddy field.
  • the input water management information is verified and the target paddy field is dry.
  • the state and the mid-dry period are specified by the control unit 1a.
  • the control unit 1a then calculates the methane emissions of the rice field based on the calculation formula corresponding to the target rice field, the implementation status of agricultural work in the target rice field included in the work information, and the specific water management information. (S24 in FIG. 6).
  • control unit 1a calculates the methane reduction amount of the target paddy field as described above (S25), stores the methane reduction amount in the storage unit 1b, and stores the evaluation information including the methane reduction amount of the target paddy field.
  • the information is transmitted to the farmer terminal device 3 based on the farmer information (S26).
  • control unit 1a determines in process S97 of FIG. 19 that the target paddy field is not in a semi-drying state on the mid-drying start date, or in process S102 of FIG. If it is determined that there has not been, it is not possible to determine the mid-drought period of rice fields from the SAR image data. Therefore, the control unit 1a determines that the water management state of the target paddy field determined from the SAR image data does not correspond to the water management state of the target paddy field indicated by the input water management information (see FIG. 19B). S103: NO).
  • control unit 1a also performs SAR It may be determined that the water management state of the target paddy field determined from the image data and the water management state of the target paddy field indicated by the input water management information do not correspond (S103: NO).
  • control unit 1a determines that the water management status and period indicated by the input water management information are inappropriate, and generates image water management information indicating the water management status of the target rice field determined from the SAR image data. Then, the image water management information is stored in the storage unit 1b (S107). At this time, the image water management information indicates that the target paddy field was not in a submerged state or a semi-drying state on at least one of the mid-drying start date and the mid-drying final day.
  • control unit 1a outputs information indicating that the image water management information of the target rice field, the input water management information, the image water management information and the input water management information do not correspond, and that the input water management information is incorrect. Verification information including information indicating that the same is true is generated, and the verification information is stored in the storage unit 1b (S108). At this time as well, the control unit 1a selects display data of SAR images such as those shown in FIGS. 15A to 15C or extracted from the SAR images from among the SAR image data of the start date and final day of mid-drying of the target rice fields. The display data of the image of the target paddy field may be included in the verification information and stored in the storage unit 1b.
  • control unit 1a transmits verification information to the farmer terminal device 3 used by the farmer using the communication unit 1c based on the farmer information, and notifies the farmer of the verification information via the farmer terminal device 3. (S109 in FIG. 19B). Specifically, the farmer terminal device 3 that has received the verification information displays the verification information on the display, thereby notifying the farmer of the contents of the verification information. Further, the control unit 1a transmits request information for re-inputting the input water management information of the target paddy field to the farmer terminal device 3 together with the verification information, so that the request information is displayed on the display of the farmer terminal device 3. Good too. Thereby, the requested information is also notified to the farmer via the farmer terminal device 3.
  • the control unit 1a does not execute the process S24 (calculating the amount of methane emissions) in FIG. 6, but re-executes the processes starting from the process S81 in FIG. 18.
  • a farmer who has viewed the verification information notified in step S109 of FIG. 19B operates the farmer terminal device 3 to re-enter (change) the input water management information of the target rice field.
  • the control unit 1a confirms that the input water management information is included in the work information in step S85 of FIG. 18 (S85: YES), and repeats the verification specific operation of FIG. Execute.
  • the control unit 1a does not calculate the methane emissions and methane reduction amount of the target paddy field and transmits the evaluation information to the farmer's terminal device while it is not possible to specify the mid-dry state and mid-dry period of the target paddy field. There is no need to send it to 3.
  • the control unit 1a confirms that the work information does not include detected water management information and input water management information of the target rice field (S82: NO, S85: NO in FIG. 18). Then, the control unit 1a identifies the state and period of water management implemented to reduce methane in the target rice field based on the SAR image data obtained by the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7 (S87). .
  • FIGS. 20A and 20B are flowcharts illustrating an example of the image specifying operation of the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the image specifying operation shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B shows details of the process S87 in FIG. 18.
  • the control unit 1a acquires data of a plurality of SAR images observed by the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7 during a predetermined period based on the rice field information and the work information, and Based on the SAR image data, the water management status and period for reducing methane in the target rice field will be identified.
  • the main image specifying operation will be described in detail below.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 determines the tillering stage and panicle formation stage of the crop (paddy rice) planted in the target rice field based on the rice field information and work information (S111 in FIG. 20A). ). Next, the control unit 1a sends data of a plurality of SAR images of the area including the target rice field, which were observed by the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7 during the period from the tillering stage to the panicle formation stage, to the communication unit 1c. Obtained from the monitoring device 6 or observation data server (S112).
  • control unit 1a collects all SAR image data of the area including the target paddy field observed multiple times by the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7 during the period from the tillering stage to the panicle formation stage. You may obtain it. In this case, a number of SAR image data corresponding to the number of return days of the earth observation satellite 7 is acquired by the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • the control unit 1a sends data of a plurality of SAR images of the area including the target rice field observed by the synthetic aperture radar of the earth observation satellite 7 during the specific period indicated by the work information to the communication unit 1c. It may also be acquired from the monitoring device 6 or the like. Further, the specific period may be, for example, a period during which the farmer plans to dry rice fields inputted by the farmer using the farmer terminal device 3, or a predetermined number of days before the period when rice fields are partially dried, which is common in the region. It may be a period from the date to the day a predetermined number of days after the mid-dry period.
  • the control unit 1a reads the data of the SAR image with the oldest observation date among the data of the plurality of SAR images acquired from the monitoring device 6 etc. (S113), and indicates the target paddy field from the data of the read SAR image. A pixel is extracted, and a backscattering coefficient corresponding to the pixel value of the pixel is detected (S114). At this time, the control unit 1a counts the total number Na of backscattering coefficients of the extracted target paddy fields. Next, the control unit 1a counts the number Nb of backscattering coefficients larger than the first threshold ⁇ 1 among the backscattering coefficients of the target paddy field extracted from the read SAR image data, and counts the total number of backscatter coefficients of the target paddy field. The ratio Rs of the corresponding number Nb to Na is calculated (S115).
  • the control unit 1a determines that the target rice field is in a flooded and semi-dry state on the observation date of the read SAR image data. Then, the determination result is recorded in the storage unit 1b (S117). On the other hand, if the ratio Rs is less than the third threshold Rt (S116: NO), the control unit 1a determines that the target paddy field is not in a flooded state or in a semi-dry state on the observation date of the read SAR image data. The determination result is recorded in the storage unit 1b (S118).
  • control unit 1a if the control unit 1a has not yet read the data of all the acquired SAR images (S119 in FIG. 20B: NO), the control unit 1a reads the data of the SAR image with the next oldest observation date (S120). Then, the control unit 1a extracts a pixel indicating the target paddy field from the read SAR image, detects a backscattering coefficient corresponding to the pixel value of the pixel (S114 in FIG. 20A), and processes S115 as described above. - Execute S118.
  • control unit 1a repeatedly executes the processes S114 to S120 as described above until all acquired SAR image data is read (S119 in FIG. 20B: NO). Thereby, the control unit 1a determines whether or not the target rice field was in a semi-dry state and whether it was in a flooded state on the observation date of the plurality of SAR image data acquired from the monitoring device 6, etc., and The determination result can be stored in the storage unit 1b.
  • control unit 1a determines whether or not there is a dry state and a submerged state of the target rice field on each observation date stored in the storage unit 1b. With reference to information indicating the target paddy field, the mid-drying state (whether mid-drying has been carried out or not) and the mid-drying period are identified (S121).
  • the control unit 1a refers to the information stored in the storage unit 1b indicating the presence or absence of a dry state and a submerged state of the target rice field for each observation date in order from the oldest observation date. Then, if the number of days from the earliest observation date to the latest observation date is equal to or more than a predetermined number of days (for example, 5 days) among a plurality of observation days in which the dry state and the falling state are continuous, the control unit 1a controls the Mid-drying of rice fields is carried out, and the period from the earliest observation date to the latest observation date is identified as the mid-drying period.
  • a predetermined number of days for example, 5 days
  • control unit 1a generates specific water management information indicating the drying state and period of the specified target paddy field, and stores the specific water management information in the storage unit 1b (S122). Further, the control unit 1a generates basis information including display data of a SAR image based on which specific water management information is specified, and stores the basis information in the storage unit 1b in association with the specific water management information ( S123). At this time, the control unit 1a may include display data of an image of the target rice field extracted from the SAR image based on which the specific water management information is specified, in the basis information. Furthermore, explanations or legends of the SAR image or the image of the target paddy field may be included in the basis information.
  • the control unit 1a When processes S121 and S122 are executed as described above and the image specifying operation of FIGS. 20A and 20B is completed, the mid-dry state and mid-dry period of the target paddy field are identified by the control unit 1a. . In this case as well, the control unit 1a next calculates the methane emissions of the target paddy field based on the calculation formula corresponding to the target paddy field, the implementation status of agricultural work, and the specific water management information (S24 in FIG. 6). . Then, the control unit 1a calculates the methane reduction amount of the target rice field (S25), stores the methane reduction amount in the storage unit 1b, and transmits evaluation information including the methane reduction amount to the farmer terminal device 3. (S26).
  • control unit 1a executes the crediting operation in FIG. 10 after executing the process S123 in FIG. 20B or the process S84 in FIG. 18 and the methane evaluation operation in FIG. 6.
  • the control unit 1a stores the farmer information corresponding to the target paddy field, the methane reduction amount of the target paddy field, and the basis information stored in process S123 of FIG. 20 or process S84 of FIG. , and transmits the report information to the credit management device 8.
  • control unit 1a executes the crediting operation in FIG. 10 even after executing the process S106 in FIG. 19 and the methane evaluation operation in FIG. 6.
  • the control unit 1a sends report information including farmer information corresponding to the target paddy field, methane reduction amount of the target paddy field, and verification information stored in step S106 of FIG. and transmits the report information to the credit management device 8.
  • a mid-dry state (whether mid-drying is implemented) and a mid-dry period are specified as the state and period of water management to reduce methane in rice fields.
  • the control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 controls not only drying of the rice fields, but also the presence or absence and implementation period of other water management to reduce methane in the rice fields, such as intermittent watering.
  • the identification may be based on radar SAR image data.
  • control unit 1a uses the backscattering coefficient of the target paddy field extracted from SAR image data as well as the first threshold value ⁇ 1 for determining whether the target paddy field is in a flooded state. It may be compared with a second threshold value ⁇ 2 for determining whether the water is in a flooded state.
  • a third threshold value for example, 80%
  • the threshold value (for example, 50%) Ru it may be determined that the target rice field was in a flooded state on the observation date of the SAR image data.
  • the fourth threshold value Ru may also be set based on the empirical data of rice fields as shown in FIG. 17 and stored in the storage unit 1b.
  • control unit 1a of the rice field methane reduction support device 1 receives the detection results of the water level sensor 5 installed in a certain first rice field, the image of the first rice field taken by a surveillance camera (such as an optical camera), and the information recorded or recorded by a farmer or the like.
  • the acquisition unit 1c acquires any information of the inputted actual water level of the first paddy field, and uses the acquired information to obtain water level change information indicating a time-series change in the actual water level during rice cultivation in the first paddy field. (i.e., empirical data). Then, the control unit 1a may store (save) the water level change information in the storage unit 1b in association with SAR image data observed multiple times during rice cultivation in the first paddy field.
  • control unit 1a determines the correlation between the water level information of the first rice field and the SAR image data (that is, the correlation between the water level indicated by the water level information and the backscattering coefficient indicated by the data of the plurality of SAR images). ), the first threshold ⁇ 1, the third threshold Rt, etc. (the second threshold ⁇ 2 and the fourth threshold Rg may be included) are set from the correlation and the SAR image data, and the first The suitability of the threshold value ⁇ 1, the third threshold value Rt, etc. may be verified (demonstrated).
  • control unit 1a associates the first threshold value ⁇ 1, the third threshold value Rt, etc. verified (proved) as described above with the water level information of the first paddy field and the data of the plurality of SAR images, and stores them in the storage unit 1b. It may be stored (stored). Furthermore, after that, the control unit 1a applies the correlation between the water level information of the first paddy field and the SAR image data, the first threshold value ⁇ 1, the third threshold value Rt, etc., and cannot obtain the actual water level information.
  • the water management state (including water level, dry state, intermittent irrigation, etc.) of the second rice field may be specified.
  • the operator may use at least one of a computer and AI. You can go.
  • control unit 1a may detect that the observation dates of the SAR image data for which it is determined that the target rice field is in a flooded state are consecutive, and the period from the earliest observation date to the latest observation date is equal to or more than a predetermined number of days.
  • the target paddy field may be in a semi-dry state, and the period from the earliest observation date to the latest observation date may be specified as the semi-dry period.
  • the control unit 1a determines that the target paddy field is in a flooded state based on data of a certain SAR image, and determines that the target paddy field is in a flooded state based on data of a newer SAR image. If this is repeated a number of times, it may be determined that the target paddy field is in an intermittent irrigation state.
  • the control unit 1a controls the methane emission in the case of intermittent irrigation based on the model formulas (1) and (2) shown in FIG. 5, for example. Set the calculation formula to calculate the amount. Then, the control unit 1a calculates the methane emission amount of the target rice field using the calculation formula for the case of intermittent irrigation, and calculates the methane reduction amount by subtracting the methane emission amount from the preset basic methane emission amount.
  • the SAR image acquired by the rice field methane reduction support device 1 is based on the number of return days of the earth observation satellite 7 equipped with a synthetic aperture radar that observes the SAR image, or the wavelength of microwaves emitted from the synthetic aperture radar. , may be selected as appropriate.
  • the microwave Wa when an X-band microwave Wa is irradiated from a synthetic aperture radar, the microwave Wa is transmitted to the leaves of a crop (paddy rice) R grown in a paddy field H. reflected by etc. Further, when the C-band microwave Wa is irradiated from the synthetic aperture radar, the microwave Wa is reflected by the stems of crops R that have grown to some extent in the paddy field. Therefore, as the growth of the crop R progresses, the intensity of the backscattered wave Wb of the X-band or C-band microwave Wa, that is, the backscattering coefficient, increases. Growth progress can be detected.
  • the microwave Wa transmits through the leaves of the crop R in the rice field H. Then, it is reflected on the water surface Hw. Therefore, the intensity of the backscattered wave Wb, that is, the backscattering coefficient, becomes small, and it becomes easier to detect that the rice field H is in a flooded state based on the backscattered wave Wb.
  • the microwave Wa transmits through the leaves of the crops R in the rice field H and is reflected on the ground surface Hg.
  • the intensity of the backscattered wave Wb that is, the backscattering coefficient becomes large, and it becomes easier to detect that the paddy field H is in the overflowing state based on the backscattered wave Wb.
  • the wavelength of the microwave may be appropriately selected, and the SAR image of the synthetic aperture radar that irradiates the microwave of the selected wavelength may be acquired by the rice field methane reduction support device 1.
  • rice fields may be observed using synthetic aperture radar to which interferometric SAR technology is applied.
  • synthetic aperture radar to which interferometric SAR technology is applied.
  • changes in the ground surface are observed by the synthetic aperture radar at a level of several centimeters, so the rice field methane reduction support device 1 determines the state of partial flooding in the rice fields based on the SAR images observed by the synthetic aperture radar. It is also possible to detect in detail the state of partial drowning.
  • the method of identifying the state and period of water management in a paddy field based on the SAR image of the synthetic aperture radar described in the above embodiment is an example, and is not limited to the method.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 may use another method to identify the state and period of water management, such as drying of rice fields or intermittent irrigation, based on synthetic aperture radar.
  • the synthetic aperture radar may be mounted not on the earth observation satellite 7 but on another aircraft, a flying object such as a drone, or another flying object to observe rice fields.
  • the state and period of water management in rice fields may be identified based on optical image data observed (captured) by a flying object or an imaging device mounted on a flying object. .
  • FIGS. 18 to 19B an example was shown in which water management information of a rice field input by a farmer using the farmer terminal device 3 was verified based on SAR image data.
  • the information indicating the water management status of the paddy field, etc. detected by the water management device 4 using the water level sensor 5 or the like and inputted (sent) to the agricultural management device 2 may be verified based on SAR image data. That is, the detected water management information of rice fields that is detected by a detection device or sensor used by a farmer and input into the agricultural management device 2 etc. is also considered as input water management information and verified based on the SAR image data. It's okay.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 in addition to using the specific water management information of the rice field to calculate the amount of methane emission and reduction, for example, the growth status of crops cultivated in the rice field, the water Specific water management information can also be used for other purposes, such as the implementation status of management work or the water supply and drainage status of rice fields. Further, in order to calculate the amount of emissions and reductions of greenhouse gases other than methane (carbon dioxide, etc.) emitted from agricultural fields such as rice fields, a computer or the like constituting the rice field methane reduction support device 1 may be used. . In this case, model data for calculating greenhouse gas emissions and reduction amounts may be used.
  • FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram of an example of the agricultural support system 100.
  • This agricultural support system 100 has the same configuration as the rice field methane reduction support system 100 shown in FIG. 1 except for the land management terminal device 10. That is, the agricultural support system 100 constitutes a rice field methane reduction support system 100.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 is composed of an information processing device such as a computer.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 is an information processing device that detects the occurrence of water management abnormalities in rice fields.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 may be referred to as the information processing device 1.
  • the land management terminal device 10 is composed of a computer, a tablet terminal device, a smartphone, etc. used by an administrator who manages land around rice fields.
  • the land manager may be an individual, a farming organization, a corporation, a local government in the area where the rice fields are located, or the like.
  • one land management terminal device 10 is illustrated, but there may be two or more land management terminal devices 10.
  • the land management terminal device 10 includes a control unit (CPU), a storage unit (memory), a communication unit (communication interface), and an input/output interface (not shown).
  • the land management terminal device 10 receives information regarding the land around the rice fields through the Internet or the like through the communication unit, and outputs (displays) the received information through the input/output interface.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the water management abnormality detection operation of the information processing device 1.
  • the control unit 1a of the information processing device 1 executes the main water management abnormality detection operation at a predetermined period at a predetermined time such as the rainy season, for example.
  • the control unit 1a uses the communication unit 1c to acquire rice field information and work information corresponding to the target rice field from the agricultural management device 2 or the farmer terminal device 3 used by the farmer corresponding to the rice field (S121).
  • the communication unit 1c is an example of an acquisition unit and an output unit.
  • control unit 1a acquires detected water management information indicating the water management state of the rice field detected by the water management device 4 or the monitoring device 6 from the agricultural management device 2 through the communication unit 1c (S122).
  • the detected water management information includes at least one of the detection results of the water level sensor 5 that detects the water level of the rice fields and the observation results (radar images) of the earth observation satellite 7 that observes the area where the rice fields are located. .
  • the control unit 1a identifies target water management information indicating the target water management state of the rice field from the acquired work information (S123).
  • the control unit 1a reads, for example, the implementation status (water management status) of water management work such as flooding, irrigation, and falling water in the rice field from the implementation status of agricultural work included in the work information, and uses the implementation status to set the goal for the rice field. It is determined whether the surface condition is a water surface or not, and the determination result is specified as target water management information.
  • the control unit 1a may specify, as the target water management information, for example, the target water level of the rice field, or the area of the area where the surface of the rice field is the water surface.
  • the control unit 1a determines whether there is a water management abnormality based on the difference between the target water management information and the detected water management information (S124). At this time, the control unit 1a specifies, for example, the target water level of the rice field from the target water management information, and specifies the actual water level (actual value of the water level) of the rice field from the detection result of the water level sensor 5 included in the detected water management information. Then, when the actual water level in the rice field is higher than the target water level by a first predetermined value or more, the control unit 1a determines that a water management abnormality (abnormal water increase) has occurred in the rice field.
  • a water management abnormality abnormal water increase
  • the control unit 1a determines that a flood has occurred in and around the paddy field. It's okay. On the other hand, if the actual water level in the rice field is not higher than the target water level by the first predetermined value or more, the control unit 1a determines that no water management abnormality has occurred in the rice field.
  • control unit 1a identifies the target water management state of the rice field from the target water management information, and determines whether the surface of the rice field is a water surface from the observation results of the earth observation satellite 7 included in the detected water management information. Specify whether or not.
  • the control unit 1a determines that the target water management state of the paddy field is a falling water state in which no water is filled in the paddy field (a state in which the water level is substantially zero), and based on the observation results of the earth observation satellite 7, the surface of the paddy field is If it is determined that the water is on the water surface, it is determined that a water management abnormality (abnormal water drainage such as drainage abnormality in the paddy field or abnormal increase in water such as flooding around the paddy field) has occurred in the paddy field.
  • a water management abnormality abnormal water drainage such as drainage abnormality in the paddy field or abnormal increase in water such as flooding around the paddy field
  • the control unit 1a determines that there is a water management abnormality in the rice field. It is determined that this has not occurred.
  • control unit 1a identifies the position of the rice field from the rice field information, and calculates the target water surface area of the rice field whose surface becomes the water surface from the target water management information. In addition, the control unit 1a determines whether the surface of the paddy field and the land around the paddy field is a water surface based on the observation results of the earth observation satellite 7, and calculates the area of the paddy field and land whose surface is a water surface. Calculate the actual water surface area.
  • the control unit 1a will cause a water management abnormality ( It is determined that an abnormal water rise (such as a flood) has occurred. Furthermore, if the actual water surface area is not larger than the target water surface area by a predetermined value or more, the control unit 1a determines that no water management abnormality has occurred in or around the rice fields.
  • the control unit 1a determines a water supply abnormality in a rice field from the difference between the target water management information and the detected water management information. You can also do it. For example, the control unit 1a determines that a water supply abnormality (water management abnormality) has occurred in the rice field when the actual water level of the rice field is lower than the target water level by a third predetermined value or more.
  • the third predetermined value is set smaller than the first predetermined value.
  • the target water management state of the paddy field is a flooded state, but the surface of the paddy field is determined to be not a water surface based on the observation results of the earth observation satellite 7, a water supply abnormality occurs in the paddy field. I judge that I did.
  • the communication unit 1c When the control unit 1a determines that a water management abnormality has occurred as described above (S125: YES), the communication unit 1c outputs water management abnormality information indicating that a water management abnormality has occurred in and around the rice fields ( S126). At this time, the control unit 1a may include the details of the water management abnormality, target water management information, detected water management information, etc. in the water management abnormality information.
  • control unit 1a acquires farmer information regarding a farmer corresponding to a rice field, for example, from the agricultural management device 2 or the farmer terminal device 3 using the communication unit 1c, and communicates water management abnormality information based on the farmer information.
  • the information may be transmitted (output) to the farmer terminal device 3 by the unit 1c.
  • the farmer terminal device 3 upon receiving the water management abnormality information, displays the water management abnormality information on the input/output interface, thereby informing the farmer that a water management abnormality has occurred in the rice field (and around the rice field). Notify the person.
  • the farmer terminal device 3 sends a warning (message, etc.) to the farmer indicating that he should not go near the rice field due to a flood. may be notified.
  • the control unit 1a may acquire farmer information through the communication unit 1c before determining that a water management abnormality has occurred.
  • the control unit 1a determines that a flood has occurred as a water management abnormality in the rice field
  • the control unit 1a transmits land management information including information indicating the manager of the land around the rice field from the agricultural management device 2 or the land management terminal device 10.
  • the water management abnormality information may be acquired by the communication unit 1c and transmitted (output) to the land management terminal device 10 by the communication unit 1c based on the land management information.
  • the land management terminal device 10 receives the water management abnormality information, it displays the water management abnormality information through an input/output interface, thereby informing the management of the land surrounding the rice fields that a flood has occurred in or around the rice fields. Notify the person.
  • the farmer terminal device 3 may notify the farmer of a warning (such as a message) indicating that the farmer should not go near the rice field because of a flood.
  • a warning such as a message
  • the control unit 1a may acquire land management information from the communication unit 1c before determining that a flood has occurred.
  • control unit 1a may output water management abnormality information indicating that a flood has occurred to the agricultural management device 2 through the communication unit 1c. Further, the information processing device 1, agricultural management device 2, and land management terminal device 10 access a predetermined provider and display water management abnormality information indicating that a flood has occurred on a predetermined homepage on the Internet. Good too.
  • control unit 1a directly or instructs the agricultural management device 2 to issue a water supply and drainage command to the water management device 5 corresponding to the rice field in which the water management abnormality has occurred, instructing it to execute a water supply and drainage operation to eliminate the water management abnormality. It may also be sent via.
  • the water management device 5 receives the water supply and drainage command, it operates an actuator based on the water supply and drainage command to drain water or supply water to the rice field.
  • the above-described water management abnormality detection operation may be executed by the control unit 1a for one paddy field, or may be executed for a plurality of paddy fields.
  • the control unit 1a determines that an abnormal water increase (water management abnormality) has occurred in a plurality of rice fields within a predetermined range, it is determined that a flood has occurred in the area where the rice fields are located, and the control unit 1a determines that a flood has occurred in the area where the rice fields are located. If it is determined that an abnormal increase in water has occurred in one of the rice fields, and it is determined that an abnormal increase in water has not occurred in the other rice field, it may be determined that no flooding has occurred in the area where the rice fields are located.
  • the communication unit 1c communicates with the agricultural management device 2 or the water management device 4 corresponding to the paddy field, and Alternatively, it may be confirmed whether a drainage error has occurred in the drainage sluice gate that prevents normal drainage. For example, the control unit 1a transmits a request signal requesting transmission of error information corresponding to a rice field to the agricultural management device 2 or the water management device 4 through the communication unit 1c.
  • the communication unit 1c receives error information indicating that a drainage error has occurred from the agricultural management device 2 or the water management device 4, it is determined that an abnormal water increase has occurred in the rice field due to a drainage error.
  • control unit 1a determines that the abnormal increase in water in the rice fields is not due to a discharge error but is a flood caused by heavy rain or the like. That is, after confirming that the abnormal increase in water in the rice field is not due to a drainage error, the control unit 1a determines that the abnormal increase in water is due to flooding around the rice field.
  • control unit 1a determines whether there is an abnormal increase in water in a rice field using the observation results of the earth observation satellite 7, that is, a radar image (SAR satellite image), a radar image when the surface of the rice field is a water surface
  • a threshold value for determining whether the surface of the rice field is a water surface may be set based on a radar image when the surface of the rice field is not a water surface.
  • the threshold value may be used to determine whether the surface of land other than rice fields, such as other fields (fields), roads, residential areas, industrial parks, riverbeds, etc., is a water surface. .
  • control unit 1a detects the presence or absence of abnormal water rise (or flooding) in various target locations by detecting the actual water level and water surface condition of the target locations, for example, from the observation results of the earth observation satellite 7. Moreover, the presence or absence of abnormal water rise (or flooding) can be detected over a wide range without installing a water level sensor 5 or the like in the target area.
  • the information processing device constituting the rice field methane reduction support device 1 executed the water management abnormality detection operation, but instead of this, the information processing device constituting the agricultural management device 2 A water management abnormality detection operation may also be performed.
  • an information processing device different from the rice field methane reduction support device 1 and the agricultural management device 2 may perform the water management abnormality detection operation.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 and the rice field methane reduction support system 100 of this embodiment described above have the following configurations and are effective.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 of this embodiment includes a storage unit 1b that stores model data (FIG. 5) for calculating the amount of methane emissions from the rice fields, and calculates the amount of methane emissions from the rice fields based on the model data.
  • the control unit 1a acquires farmer information regarding a farmer and work information regarding agricultural work for cultivating crops in a paddy field corresponding to the farmer information, and acquires the work information. Calculate the amount of methane reduced from the predetermined basic methane emissions of rice fields based on the implementation status of agricultural operations included in.
  • the rice field methane reduction support system 100 of the present embodiment includes a rice field methane reduction support device 1 that supports the reduction of methane emissions from rice fields, and a database 2d that stores information regarding a plurality of rice fields and a plurality of farmers. and an agricultural management device 2.
  • the amount of methane reduction in the rice field is quantitatively evaluated by the rice field methane reduction support device 1 when the farmer changes the implementation status of agricultural work in the rice field, so convenience can be improved. can. This will also encourage farmers to take steps to reduce methane from rice fields, making it possible to activate methane reduction in the agricultural sector.
  • control unit 1a calculates the amount of methane reduction in the rice field based on water management information included in the work information and indicating the water management state of the rice field.
  • farmers can quantitatively evaluate the amount of methane reduction in rice fields by the rice field methane reduction support device 1 by changing the implementation status of water management work such as intermittent irrigation or mid-drying of rice fields, improving convenience. can be done.
  • control unit 1a identifies a dry state during crop cultivation in the paddy field based on water management information indicating flooding, irrigation, and overwatering of the paddy field, and identifies a dry state during crop cultivation in the paddy field. Calculate the amount of methane reduction in rice fields. As a result, when farmers carry out mid-drying of rice fields or extend the mid-drying period, the rice field methane reduction support device 1 quantitatively evaluates the amount of methane reduction in the rice fields, improving convenience. be able to.
  • control unit 1a notifies the farmer of evaluation information indicating the amount of methane reduction in the rice field based on the farmer information. Further, in one embodiment, the control unit 1a transmits evaluation information indicating the amount of methane reduction in the rice field to the farmer terminal device 3 based on the farmer information using the communication unit 1c. As a result, farmers can easily grasp the methane reduction effect caused by changing the implementation status of agricultural work in rice fields, and can improve convenience.
  • the control unit 1a acquires rice field information regarding the rice fields, sets a calculation formula for calculating the methane emissions of the rice fields based on the rice field information, work information, and model data, and Based on the conventional water management information of The basic methane emission amount is stored in the storage unit 1b in association with the rice field information, the dry state of the rice field is specified based on the changed water management information of the rice field, and the dry state of the rice field is combined with the calculation formula. Based on this, the methane emissions from the rice fields are calculated, and the methane emissions are subtracted from the basic methane emissions from the rice fields to calculate the amount of methane reduction from the rice fields. This will reduce the amount of methane emissions from rice fields compared to the basic methane emissions by changing the actual drying period, such as extending the actual drying period compared to the basic drying state of rice fields. The amount can be calculated.
  • the control unit 1a calculates the calculation formula for the medium drying period after the extension and the paddy field.
  • the amount of methane reduction is calculated based on the basic dry period and the basic methane emission amount, the correlation between the dry period of rice fields and the amount of methane reduction is derived, and the first correlation data indicating the correlation is stored in the storage unit.
  • a mid-dry period of the paddy field is specified based on the changed water management information of the paddy field, and a methane reduction amount of the paddy field is calculated based on the mid-dry period and the first correlation data.
  • control unit 1a updates the calculation formula for the paddy field in response to a change in at least one of the paddy field information and work information of the paddy field.
  • the first correlation data indicating the correlation between the basic methane emissions of the rice fields or the dry period and the amount of methane reduction can also be updated, making it possible to improve the accuracy of the amount of methane reduction in the rice fields.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 includes a communication unit 1c that communicates with an external device, and the control unit 1a has a database 2d that stores information regarding a plurality of rice fields and a plurality of farmers.
  • the communication unit 1c acquires farmer information and paddy field information and work information of the paddy field corresponding to the farmer information from at least one of the agricultural management device 2 and the farmer terminal device 3 used by the farmer. , the detection devices 4 and 6 (water management device 4, monitoring device 6), agricultural management device 2, and farmer terminal device 3 corresponding to farmer information.
  • the water management information of the rice fields is acquired by the communication unit 1c.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 can accurately determine the mid-dry state based on the water management information indicating the water management state of the rice field acquired from the detection devices 4 and 6, the agricultural management device 2, or the farmer terminal device 3. can be specified.
  • the farmer terminal device 3 is configured to be able to input at least one of farmer information, work information, and rice field information. Therefore, even if there is a change in farmer information, work information, or rice field information, the farmer can immediately input the changed farmer information, work information, or rice field information. Further, the farmer can input, using the farmer terminal device 3, work information including water management information indicating the water management state of the rice fields that cannot be detected by the detection devices 4 and 6. Then, the rice field methane reduction support device 1 can identify the dry state based on the water management information of the rice field.
  • the detection device 4 detects the water management state during crop cultivation in the paddy field from the detection result of the water level sensor 5 that detects the water level in the paddy field, and the control unit 1a
  • the water management information indicating the water management state of the rice field detected by the detection device 4 is acquired periodically or at a predetermined timing, and the dry state of the rice field is identified based on the plurality of acquired water management information. .
  • the water management status of the rice field including flooding, irrigation, and falling water is accurately detected, and based on the water management information indicating the water management status, the rice field is It is possible to more accurately identify the mid-dry state of
  • the detection device 6 detects the water management status during crop cultivation in the paddy field based on the observation results of the paddy field by the flying object or the observation device (earth observation satellite) 7 mounted on the flying object.
  • the control unit 1a periodically or at a predetermined timing acquires water management information indicating the water management state of the paddy field detected by the detection device 6, and based on the acquired plurality of water management information. , to identify the dry state of rice fields.
  • the water management status of flooding, irrigation, and falling water in the rice field can be accurately detected based on the observation results of the rice field by the observation device 7, and the water management status of the rice field can be accurately detected based on the water management information indicating the water management status.
  • the dry state can be identified more accurately.
  • the cost for installing the device can be reduced.
  • the observation device 7 has a synthetic aperture radar.
  • rice fields can be observed using synthetic aperture radar without being affected by weather or clouds, and based on the observation results, the water management status of rice fields such as flooding, irrigation, or falling water can be accurately detected. Based on the water management information indicating the water management state, it is possible to more accurately identify the dry state of the rice field.
  • control unit 1a determines a recommended dry period for rice fields in which the amount of methane reduction is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, based on first correlation data indicating the correlation between the dry period of rice fields and the amount of methane reduction. Based on the farmer's information, the farmer is notified of work proposal information including the recommended mid-drying period. This will notify farmers of the recommended mid-drying period suitable for reducing methane from paddy fields, so farmers can easily reduce methane from paddy fields by carrying out mid-drying of paddy fields based on the recommended mid-drying period. In addition, it is possible to effectively reduce the amount, and it becomes possible to further improve convenience.
  • control unit 1a estimates the basic yield of crops in the paddy field based on the basic dry period of the paddy field, the paddy field information and work information corresponding to the paddy field, and performs the simulation to estimate the basic yield of crops in the paddy field.
  • the yield of crops in the paddy field is estimated based on the mid-dry period after the extension, the paddy field information and the work information of the paddy field, and the yield is estimated based on the yield and the basic yield.
  • the yield loss of the crop is calculated, the correlation between the dry period of the paddy field and the yield loss of the previous crop is derived, second correlation data indicating the correlation is stored in the storage unit 1b, and the first correlation data and the second correlation data are stored.
  • a recommended mid-drying period for rice fields in which the amount of methane reduction is greater than or equal to a first predetermined value and the amount of crop yield reduction is less than or equal to a second predetermined value is determined.
  • farmers will be notified of the recommended drying period that balances the amount of methane reduction in rice fields with crop yield, making it easier for farmers to carry out drying of rice fields based on the recommended drying period.
  • control unit 1a transmits report information including the amount of methane reduction in the rice fields and farmer information corresponding to the rice fields to the credit management device 8 through the communication unit 1c, and reports the amount of methane reduction in the rice fields.
  • the communication unit 1c acquires credit information indicating the electronic credit issued from the credit management device 8, and notifies the farmer of the credit information based on the farmer information.
  • the control unit 1a adds up the methane reduction amount of a plurality of rice fields, transmits report information indicating the combined methane reduction amount to the credit management device 8 through the communication unit 1c, and
  • the communication unit 1c acquires credit information indicating credits issued from the credit management device 8 according to the amount of methane reduction that has been made, and distributes the credits indicated by the credit information according to the amount of methane reduction of a plurality of rice fields, Credit information indicating the distributed credits is notified to farmers corresponding to each of the plurality of rice fields based on the farmer information.
  • the control unit 1a makes settings based on rice field information regarding rice fields, conventional work information in the rice fields, target work information indicating agricultural work that has been changed to reduce methane from the rice fields, and model data. At least one of the calculation formula for calculating the amount of methane emissions from the rice fields and the variables included in the calculation formula is included in the report information and transmitted to the credit management device 8 by the communication unit 1c. As a result, the credit management company can verify the amount of methane reduction included in the report information, using the rice field information, work information, calculation formula, or variable included in the report information received by the credit management device 8, and It is possible to judge the validity of the amount and issue credits legitimately.
  • control unit 1a estimates credits according to the amount of methane reduction in rice fields, includes provisional credit information indicating the estimated credits in report information, and transmits the report information to the credit management device 8 through the communication unit 1c. , or notify the farmer of the provisional credit information based on the farmer information. This allows the rice field methane reduction support device 1 to manage the credit estimate according to the amount of methane reduction in the rice field, or allows the farmer to grasp the estimate.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 includes an input/output interface 1d for inputting and outputting information, and the control unit 1a sends sale wish information indicating that the farmer wants to sell credits owned by the farmer.
  • the input/output interface 1d When received by the communication unit 1c from the farmer terminal device 3, the input/output interface 1d outputs payment instruction information indicating an instruction to make a predetermined trader pay the price of the credit indicated by the relevant sale information, and the trader When payment completion information indicating that the price has been paid to the farmer is input through the input/output interface 1d, the owner of the credit is changed from the farmer to the trader. This allows farmers to easily obtain compensation for the credits they own without having to deal with credits directly with consumers through complicated procedures, further improving convenience and profitability for farmers. becomes.
  • the control unit 1a receives the purchase request information indicated by the purchase request information.
  • a payment instruction to make the consumer pay the price is sent to the consumer terminal device 9, and payment completion information indicating that the consumer has paid the price to the transaction person is received by the communication unit 1c from the consumer terminal device 9.
  • the owner of the credit is changed from the transactor to the consumer.
  • the rice field methane reduction support device 1 of this embodiment provides rice field information regarding rice fields, work information regarding agricultural work for cultivating crops in the rice fields, and observation images of the area including the rice fields observed by the observation device (earth observation device) 7.
  • An acquisition unit (communication unit, communication interface) 1c that acquires data on paddy fields to reduce methane emitted from the paddy fields during crop cultivation based on the paddy field information, work information, and observation image data.
  • a control unit 1a that identifies the state of water management and the period during which the state continued and generates specific water management information indicating the state and period of water management; and a storage unit 1b that stores the specific water management information. , is equipped with.
  • the rice field methane reduction support system 100 of this embodiment includes a rice field methane reduction support device 1 that supports the reduction of methane emissions from rice fields where crops are cultivated, and a database 2d that stores information about rice fields and agriculture performed in the rice fields.
  • the constructed agricultural management device 2, and the rice field methane reduction support device 1 includes the above-mentioned control section 1a, storage section 1b, and acquisition section 1c, and is used by the agricultural management device 2 and the farmer corresponding to the paddy field.
  • Observation management device (monitoring device 6 or observation data
  • the acquisition unit 1c acquires observation image data of the area including the rice fields observed by the observation device 7 from the server (server).
  • the work information includes input water management information indicating the state and period of water management of the paddy field inputted in advance, and the control unit 1a selects a plurality of observation images based on the input water management information.
  • data is acquired by the acquisition unit 1c, the state and period of water management indicated by the input water management information is verified based on the data of the plurality of observation images, and verification information indicating the verification result is stored in the storage unit 1b. If the state and period of water management indicated by the input water management information are valid, the input water management information is stored in the storage unit 1b as specific water management information.
  • control unit 1a acquires data of observation images observed by the observation device 7 during the water management period indicated by the input water management information. Therefore, the number of observation image data of the observation device 7 that is acquired in order to verify the input water management information can be reduced to a limited extent, and the cost required for acquiring the data can be reduced.
  • control unit 1a determines the water management state from data of a plurality of observation images, and the determined water management state and the water management state indicated by the input water management information are different from each other. If the input water management information is compatible, information indicating that the input water management information is valid is included in the verification information, and the input water management information is stored in the storage unit 1b as specific water management information. Thereby, high evidentiality and validity of the input water management information and specific water management information can be further ensured.
  • the control unit 1a uses the acquisition unit 1c to acquire farmer information regarding a farmer corresponding to a rice field, that is, a farmer who performs agricultural work in a rice field, or a farmer who has input the input water management information. If the water management status is determined from the observation image data, and the determined water management status does not correspond to the water management status indicated by the input water management information, verification will be performed to show the verification result. Notify farmers of information based on farmer information. At this time, the control unit 1a transmits verification information to the farmer terminal device 3 used by the farmer through the communication interface (communication unit 1c) based on the farmer information, and sends the verification information via the farmer terminal device 3. Notify farmers of verification information. Thereby, the farmer can be made aware that the state and period of water management of the rice field indicated by the input water management information are inappropriate, and can be prompted to re-enter the input water management information.
  • the control unit 1a causes the acquisition unit to acquire data of a plurality of observation images observed by the observation device in a predetermined period based on the rice field information and the work information, and Identify the status and period of water management in rice fields from the data.
  • the state and period of time can be specified.
  • the state and period of water management in a paddy field can be determined without installing a detection device such as the water management device 4 or water level sensor 5 in the paddy field, which reduces the cost of installing the detection device. be able to.
  • the control unit 1a determines the period from the tillering stage to the panicle formation stage of crops planted in the rice field based on the rice field information and the work information, and performs observation during the determined period.
  • the acquisition unit acquires data of a plurality of observation images observed by the device.
  • data from multiple observation images of rice fields observed by the observation device 7 can be collected during the period from the tillering stage to the panicle formation stage, when effective water management work to reduce methane from rice fields is carried out. can be obtained.
  • the number of observation image data to be acquired can be more limited, the cost required for acquiring the data can be further reduced, and the state and period of water management in rice fields can be identified more efficiently.
  • control unit 1a causes the acquisition unit 1c to acquire data of a plurality of observation images observed by the synthetic aperture radar of the flying object or the observation device 7 mounted on the flying object, and One or more pixels indicating a rice field are extracted from each observed image, and a backscattering coefficient associated with a pixel value representing at least one of the color shading and brightness of the pixel is detected, and the detected backscattering coefficient is Identify the water management status and period of rice fields based on the scattering coefficient.
  • the state and duration of water management such as dry or intermittent irrigation can be specified.
  • the storage unit 1b stores one or more preset thresholds (first threshold ⁇ 1, second threshold ⁇ 2, third threshold Rt, fourth threshold Ru), and controls Part 1a determines whether the paddy field is in a dry state or not, or whether the paddy field is in a flooded state, based on the results of comparing the backscattering coefficient detected from data of a plurality of observation images with a threshold value. Determine at least one of the following. Thereby, the state and period of water management such as drying of rice fields or intermittent irrigation can be specified.
  • control unit 1a specifies water level change information indicating a time-series change in the actual water level of the rice field from the information indicating the actual water level of the rice field acquired by the acquisition unit 1c, and the acquisition unit 1c Detect the backscattering coefficients corresponding to the rice fields from the data of the multiple observation images acquired, and detect the correlation between the actual water level of the rice fields indicated by the water level change information and the backscattering coefficients corresponding to the rice fields, A threshold value is set based on the backscattering coefficient and the correlation corresponding to the paddy field, and is stored in the storage unit 1b. As a result, it is possible to improve the suitability of the threshold value for specifying the state and period of water management such as drying of rice fields or intermittent irrigation.
  • control unit 1a applies the threshold value stored in the storage unit 1b to determine at least one of the dry state and the flooded state of other rice fields.
  • the state and period of water management such as drying or intermittent irrigation of the paddy field can be adjusted. can be identified, and convenience can be improved.
  • the storage unit 1b stores model data for calculating methane emissions from rice fields
  • the control unit 1a stores rice field information, work information, specific water management information, and model data. Based on the data, a methane reduction amount reduced from a predetermined basic methane emission amount of the paddy field is calculated, and the methane reduction amount is stored in the storage unit 1b.
  • the reduction amount of methane from the rice fields is calculated based on the highly reliable water management status and period identified from the rice field information, work information, and observation image data of the observation device 7, and model data. This makes it possible to increase the reliability of the methane reduction amount.
  • the control unit 1a sets a calculation formula for calculating the amount of methane emissions from the rice field based on the rice field information, work information, and model data, and calculates the state and period of conventional water management for the rice field.
  • the acquisition unit 1c acquires the conventional water management information shown in FIG. Calculate the methane emissions of the rice fields, and subtract the methane emissions from the basic methane emissions of the rice fields to calculate the amount of methane reduction in the rice fields.
  • the conventional methane emissions from rice fields (basic methane emissions) and the methane emissions after efforts according to specific water management information indicating the status and period of water management implemented to reduce methane from rice fields. It is possible to calculate the amount of reduction in methane emissions after the initiative compared to conventional methane emissions.
  • the acquisition unit 1c includes a communication interface (communication unit 1c), and the control unit 1a transmits farmer information regarding a farmer corresponding to a paddy field to the agricultural management device 2 and the farmer terminal device. 3 through the communication interface 1c, and transmits report information including the amount of methane reduction in the rice fields and farmer information to the credit management device 8 through the communication interface 1c, and according to the amount of methane reduction.
  • Credit information indicating electronic credit issued from the credit management device 8 is acquired by the communication interface 1c, and the credit information is notified to the farmer based on the farmer information.
  • control unit 1a transmits credit information to the farmer terminal device 3 via the communication interface 1c based on the farmer information, and notifies the farmer of the credit information via the farmer terminal device 3.
  • the control unit 1a when the control unit 1a verifies the state and period of water management of the paddy field indicated by the input water management information as described above, the control unit 1a includes the paddy field in the report information transmitted to the credit management device 8. Include verification information in addition to methane reduction amount and farmer information.
  • specific water management information indicating the status and period of water management implemented to reduce methane emissions from rice fields and the amount of methane reduction calculated based on the specific water management information are highly valid and valid.
  • the evidence can be proved to the credit management company via the credit management device 8.
  • the information processing device 1 of the present embodiment shows work information related to agricultural work for cultivating crops in a paddy field and the water management status of the paddy field detected by the detection devices 4 and 6 (water management device 4 and monitoring device 6).
  • the acquisition unit (communication unit) 1c that acquires the detected water management information detects a water management abnormality in the rice field based on the difference between the target water management information indicating the water management status of the rice field identified from the work information and the detected water management information.
  • the system includes a control unit 1a that determines whether or not a water management abnormality has occurred, and an output unit (communication unit) 1c that outputs water management abnormality information indicating that a water management abnormality has occurred.
  • the agricultural support system 100 of this embodiment includes detection devices 4 and 6 and an information processing device 1.
  • the detected water management information includes the detection result of the water level sensor 5 that detects the water level of the rice field
  • the control unit 1a specifies the target water level of the rice field from the target water management information
  • the actual water level of the rice field is determined from the detection result of the water level sensor, and if the actual water level is higher than the target water level by a predetermined value or more, it is determined that a water management abnormality has occurred in the rice field.
  • a water management abnormality such as a flood has occurred.
  • the detected water management information includes the observation results of the observation device (earth observation satellite) 7 that observes the area where the rice fields are located, and the control unit 1a controls the detection of the rice fields from the target water management information.
  • the target water management state is specified, and from the observation results of the observation device 7 it is determined whether or not the surface of the rice field is a water surface.
  • a water management abnormality has occurred in the rice field. For example, if a farmer unintentionally causes a flood in which water accumulates in a rice field due to heavy rainfall and then the water overflows around the rice field, it can be confirmed reliably and quickly that the flood has occurred. can be detected.
  • the detected water management information includes the observation results of the observation device 7 that observes an area where at least one rice field is located, and the control unit 1a uses the acquisition unit 1c to obtain rice field information regarding the rice field.
  • the position of the rice field is determined from the rice field information
  • the target water surface area of the rice field where the surface becomes the water surface is calculated from the target water management information
  • the area of the rice field and the land around the rice field is determined from the observation results of the observation device 7. It is determined whether the surface is a water surface or not, and the actual water surface area is calculated by combining the areas of paddy fields and land whose surfaces are water surfaces.
  • the paddy field It is determined that a water management abnormality has occurred. As a result, for example, when water overflows from a paddy field into surrounding land due to heavy rainfall and a water management abnormality such as a flood occurs in that land, it is possible to reliably and quickly detect that the water management abnormality has occurred. can.
  • the control unit 1a acquires farmer information regarding the farmer corresponding to the rice field using the acquisition unit 1c, and when it is determined that a water management abnormality has occurred, the control unit 1a sends water to the farmer based on the farmer information.
  • the management abnormality information is notified by the output unit 1c.
  • the control unit 1a acquires land management information including information indicating the manager of the land around the rice field using the acquisition unit 1c, and when it is determined that a water management abnormality has occurred, the control unit 1a changes the land management information to the land management information. Based on this, the water management abnormality information is notified to the administrator by the output unit 1c.
  • the manager of the land around the rice field can reliably recognize that a water management abnormality has occurred in or around the rice field, and can appropriately deal with the water management abnormality.
  • the water management abnormality is an abnormal increase in water such as a flood, land managers etc. can inform the local people that the abnormal increase in water has occurred, so that the local people can be prevented from approaching.

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Abstract

La présente invention évalue l'état de réduction du méthane émis par un paddy (H) cultivé par un agriculteur et améliore la commodité.　Un dispositif d'aide à la réduction de méthane de paddy (1) comprend : une unité de stockage (1b) dans laquelle des données de modèle pour calculer une quantité d'émission de méthane par un paddy sont stockées ; et une unité de commande (1a) pour calculer la quantité d'émission de méthane par le paddy sur la base des données de modèle. L'unité de commande (1a) acquiert des informations d'agriculteur concernant un agriculteur et des informations de travail concernant un travail agricole pour cultiver une culture dans un paddy (H) correspondant aux informations d'agriculteur et calcule la quantité de méthane réduite à partir d'une quantité d'émission de méthane de base prédéterminée pour le paddy (H) sur la base d'un état de mise en œuvre de travail agricole compris dans les informations de travail.
PCT/JP2023/016601 2022-04-28 2023-04-27 Dispositif d'aide à la réduction de méthane de paddy, système d'aide à la réduction de méthane de paddy, procédé d'aide à la réduction de méthane de paddy, dispositif de traitement d'informations, système d'aide à l'agriculture et procédé d'aide à l'agriculture WO2023210733A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022-075401 2022-04-28
JP2022075401 2022-04-28
JP2022-153851 2022-09-27
JP2022153851 2022-09-27
JP2023-037689 2023-03-10
JP2023037689A JP2024048329A (ja) 2022-09-27 2023-03-10 水田メタン削減支援装置、水田メタン削減支援システム
JP2023-071925 2023-04-26
JP2023071925A JP2023164357A (ja) 2022-04-28 2023-04-26 水田メタン削減支援装置、水田メタン削減支援システム、情報処理装置、農業支援システム

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002149978A (ja) * 2000-11-15 2002-05-24 Global Industrial & Social Progress Research Institute 二酸化炭素排出権取引システム及び二酸化炭素排出量削減コスト評価システム
JP2011138356A (ja) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-14 Pasuko:Kk 水稲作付け状況把握システム、水稲作付け状況把握方法、及び水稲作付け状況把握プログラム
WO2012147227A1 (fr) * 2011-04-28 2012-11-01 住友林業株式会社 Modèle commercial pour procédé de culture supprimant le méthane
JP2017042071A (ja) * 2015-08-25 2017-03-02 積水化学工業株式会社 圃場水管理システム及び圃場水管理方法
JP2021185896A (ja) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-13 株式会社クボタ 給配水管理システム、圃場水管理装置及び灌漑用水管理装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002149978A (ja) * 2000-11-15 2002-05-24 Global Industrial & Social Progress Research Institute 二酸化炭素排出権取引システム及び二酸化炭素排出量削減コスト評価システム
JP2011138356A (ja) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-14 Pasuko:Kk 水稲作付け状況把握システム、水稲作付け状況把握方法、及び水稲作付け状況把握プログラム
WO2012147227A1 (fr) * 2011-04-28 2012-11-01 住友林業株式会社 Modèle commercial pour procédé de culture supprimant le méthane
JP2017042071A (ja) * 2015-08-25 2017-03-02 積水化学工業株式会社 圃場水管理システム及び圃場水管理方法
JP2021185896A (ja) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-13 株式会社クボタ 給配水管理システム、圃場水管理装置及び灌漑用水管理装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"The new calculation method for methane emissions from paddy fields adopted in the IPC guidelines in 2006 edition", 5 January 2013 (2013-01-05), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20130105091037/http://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/archive/niaes/sinfo/result/result23/result23_06.html> [retrieved on 20230425] *

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