Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
  • A61K31/497—Non-condensed pyrazines containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/498—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- and peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. quinoxaline, phenazine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00

Definitions

• the present invention is related to compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that inhibit the Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes.
• PARP Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
• the present disclosure also relates to the use of these compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in the treatment of diseases.
• PARP poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases
• PARP-1 and PARP-2 their major role is to facilitate DNA repair by ADP-ribosylation and therefore coordinate a number of DNA repair proteins.
• Activation of PARP is induced by DNA single strand breaks after exposure to radiation, oxygen free radicals, or nitric oxide (NO) , etc.
• NO nitric oxide
• PARP inhibitors were reported to be useful for specific killing of tumors deficient in DNA double-strand repair factors such as BRCA-1 and BRCA-2, and thus have been developed as patient-specific anticancer agents against various types of cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and the like, which have abnormalities in DNA double-strand damage repair factors.
• PARP inhibitors having improved selectivity for PARP1 may possess improved efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to other clinical PARP1/2 inhibitors. It is believed also that selective strong inhibition of PARP1 would lead to trapping of PARP1 on DNA, resulting in DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) through collapse of replication forks in S-phase. It is believed also that PARP1 -DNA trapping is an effective mechanism for selectively killing tumour cells having HRD. An unmet medical need therefore exists for effective and safe PARP inhibitors. Especially PARP inhibitors having selectivity for PARP1.
• the present invention is related to compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts that have PARP inhibitory activity, and therefore may be useful for the treatment of diseases and conditions in which PARP function has pharmacological significance. Furthermore, compounds described herein have high selectivity for PARP1 over PARP2.
• the present invention provides compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts that have PARP inhibitory activity.
• the compounds described herein have high selectivity for PARP1 over other PARP family members such as PARP2.
• the present invention provides a composition comprising compounds of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• the composition further comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, excipient or inert carrier.
• the present invention provides compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or a composition thereof, for use as a medicament.
• the present invention provides a method of treatment comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of compound thereof to a patient in need.
• the patient in need has cancer.
• the cancer is deficient in HR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway.
• the cancer cells have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficient phenotype, or the cancer cells are deficient in BRCA1 or BRCA2.
• the cancer is selected from anyone of breast, ovary, pancreas, prostate, hematological, gastrointestinal, and lung cancer.
• the present invention provides a method of treatment or prophylaxis of diseases and conditions in which inhibition of PARP1 is beneficial comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of compound thereof to a patient in need.
• the patient in need has cancer. More preferably, the patient is heterozygous for a mutation in a gene encoding a component of the HR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway, or the patient is heterozygous for a mutation in a gene encoding a component of the HR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway.
• the present invention provides use of the compound in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of cancer. More preferably, the cancer is deficient in HR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway.
• the present invention provides compounds of formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that have PARP inhibitory activity.
• the compounds described herein have high selectivity for PARP1 over other PARP family members such as PARP2.
• the compound is a compound of formula I:
• X 1 , X 2 or X 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of N or CH;
• X 5 is selected from the group consisting of N, CH or CF;
• A is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -, -O-or –NR 7 -, wherein R 7 is selected from the group consisting of H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or A is absent;
• B is selected from the group consisting of one substituted or unsubstituted the substituted group at any position of ring B is R 5 ;
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl;
• R 2 is wherein one X 4 is N and one X 4 is CH;
• each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H or unsubstituted or substituted -C 1 -C 6 alkyl, the substitutes of -C 1 -C 6 alkyl is selected from the group consisting of H, -O-CH 3 , -CN, -OH, or two R 3 are attached to form a C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl;
• each R 4a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, CN, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, -O-alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, or -C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; preferably, R 4a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, CN, halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, -O-C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, or -C 1 -C 3 alkoxy; more preferably, each R 4a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , -CN, F.
• the compound of formula I is selected from the group consisting of
• A is -O-
• B is selected from the group consisting of one substituted or unsubstituted and the substituted group at any position of ring B is R 5 ;
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl;
• R 2 is wherein one X 4 is N and one X 4 is CH;
• each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H or unsubstituted or substituted -C 1 -C 6 alkyl, the substitutes of -C 1 -C 6 alkyl is selected from the group consisting of H, -O-CH 3 , -CN, -OH, or two R 3 are attached to form a C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl;
• each R 4a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, CN, halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, -O-C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, or -C 1 -C 3 alkoxy; preferably, each R 4a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , -CN, F;
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of -CH 3 , -CH 2 OH, or –F.
• A is selected from -O-;
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl;
• R 2 is wherein one X 4 is N and one X 4 is CH;
• each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H or unsubstituted or substituted -C 1 -C 6 alkyl, the substitutes of -C 1 -C 6 alkyl is selected from the group consisting of H, -O-CH 3 , -CN, -OH, or two R 3 are attached to form a C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl;
• each R 4a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , -CN, F.
• R 2 is each R 4a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , -CN, F;
• each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H or -C 1 -C 3 alkyl, wherein two R 3 are not H simultaneously.
• A is selected from -O-;
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl;
• each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H or unsubstituted or substituted -C 1 -C 6 alkyl, the substitutes of -C 1 -C 6 alkyl is selected from the group consisting of H, -O-CH 3 , -CN, -OH, or two R 3 are attached to form a C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl;
• each R 4a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , -CN, F.
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 3 alkyl
• each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H or unsubstituted -C 1 -C 3 alkyl
• each R 4a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , F.
• the compound of formula I is selected from table 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compounds of Formula I possess selectivity for PARP1 over PARP2.
• the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• the composition further comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, excipient or inert carrier.
• the composition is for use in the treatment of cancer.
• the composition is a solid formulation adapted for oral administration.
• the composition is a liquid formulation adapted for oral administration.
• the composition is a tablet.
• the composition is a liquid formulation adapted for parenteral administration.
• the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to anyone of the above embodiments and variations, wherein the composition is adapted for administration by a route selected from the group consisting of orally, parenterally, intraperitoneally, intravenously, intraarterially, transdermally, sublingually, intramuscularly, rectally, transbuccally, intranasally, liposomally, via inhalation, vaginally, intraoccularly, via local delivery (for example by catheter or stent) , subcutaneously, intraadiposally, intraarticularly, and intrathecally.
• the present invention provides a method of treatment comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of compound thereof to a patient in need.
• the patient in need has cancer.
• the cancer is deficient in HR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway.
• the cancer cells have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficient phenotype, or the cancer cells are deficient in BRCA1 or BRCA2.
• the cancer is selected from anyone of breast, ovary, pancreas, prostate, hematological, gastrointestinal, and lung cancer.
• the present invention provides a method of treatment or prophylaxis of diseases and conditions in which inhibition of PARP1 is beneficial comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of compound thereof to a patient in need.
• the patient in need has cancer. More preferably, the patient is heterozygous for a mutation in a gene encoding a component of the HR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway, or the patient is heterozygous for a mutation in a gene encoding a component of the HR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway.
• the present invention provides use of the compound compound in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of diseases or conditions in which inhibition of PARP1 is beneficial.
• the cancer is breast, ovary, pancreas, prostate, hematological, gastrointestinal such as gastric and colorectal, or lung cancer.
• the cancer is breast, ovary, pancreas or prostate cancer.
• C u-v indicates that the following group has from u to v carbon atoms.
• C 1-6 alkyl indicates that the alkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• Alkyl refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which is saturated, having from one to twelve carbon atoms (C 1-12 alkyl) , in certain embodiments one to eight carbon atoms (C 1-8 alkyl) or one to six carbon atoms (C 1-6 alkyl) , or one to four carbon atoms (C 1-4 alkyl) , or one to three carbon atoms (C 1-3 alkyl) , and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (iso-propyl) , n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl (sec-butyl) , 2-methylpropyl (iso-butyl) , 1, 1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl) , n-pentyl, hexyl, 3-methylhexyl,
• “Fused” refers to a carbocyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring structure described herein which is connected to an existing ring structure in the compounds disclosed herein via two adjacent atoms that are shared by the fused ring structure and the existing ring structure.
• Halo or “halogen” refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo.
• Haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like.
• Alkoxy means an oxygen moiety having a further alkyl substituent.
• the alkoxy groups of the present invention can be optionally substituted.
• Cycloalkyl means a saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, spirocyclic or bridged carbocyclic ring, having a specified number of carbon atoms.
• Examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like.
• cycloalkyl is selected from: cyclopropane, cyclobutane and cyclohexane.
• cycloalkyl is cyclopropane, cyclobutane or cyclopentane.
• cycloalkyl is cyclopropane or cyclobutane. In another embodiment, cycloalkyl is cyclopropane. In another embodiment, cycloalkyl is cyclobutane. In another embodiment, cycloalkyl is cyclopentane. In another embodiment, cycloalkyl is cyclohexane. In another embodiment, cycloalkyl is cycloheptane.
• the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” as used herein refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• the phrase "effective amount” means an amount of a compound or composition which is sufficient enough to significantly and positively modify the symptoms and/or conditions to be treated (e.g., provide a positive clinical response) .
• the effective amount of an active ingredient for use in a pharmaceutical composition will vary with the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition, the duration of the treatment, the nature of concurrent therapy, the particular active ingredient (s) being employed, the particular pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient (s) /carrier (s) utilized, and like factors within the knowledge and expertise of the attending physician.
• treating means reversing, alleviating, inhibiting the progress of, delaying the progression of, delaying the onset of, or preventing the disorder or condition to which such term applies, or one or more symptoms of such disorder or condition.
• treatment refers to the act of treating as “treating” is defined immediately above.
• treating also includes adjuvant and neo-adjuvant treatment of a subject.
• reference herein to “treatment” includes reference to curative, palliative and prophylactic treatment, and to the administration of a medicament for use in such treatment.
• the compounds of Formula I may form stable pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base salts, and in such cases administration of a compound as a salt may be appropriate.
• the salts may be formed by conventional means, such as by reacting the free base form of the product with one or more equivalents of the appropriate acid in a solvent or medium in which the salt is insoluble, or in a solvent such as water, which is removed in vacuo or by freeze drying or by exchanging the anions of an existing salt for another anion on a suitable ion-exchange resin.
• the compounds of Formula I may have more than one chiral center, and it is to be understood that the application encompasses all individual stereoisomers, enantiomers and diastereoisomers and mixtures thereof. Thus, it is to be understood that, insofar as the compounds of Formula I can exist in optically active or racemic forms by virtue of one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, the application includes in its definition any such optically active or racemic form which possesses the above-mentioned activity. The present application encompasses all such stereoisomers having activity as herein defined.
• Formula I as described herein is intended to encompass all isotopes of its constituent atoms.
• FI or hydrogen
• C includes any isotopic form of carbon including 12 C, 13 C, and 14 C
• O includes any isotopic form of oxygen including 16 O, 17 O and 18 O
• N includes any isotopic form of nitrogen including 13 N, 14 N and 15 N. It is to be understood that the present application encompasses all such isotopic forms.
• the compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof will normally be administered via the oral route in the form of pharmaceutical preparations comprising the active ingredient or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or a solvate of such a salt, in a pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form.
• the compositions may be administered at varying doses.
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the compound of Formula I described above may be prepared for oral administration, particularly in the form of tablets or capsules, and especially involving technologies aimed at furnishing colon-targeted drug release.
• compositions of the compound of Formula I described above may conveniently be administered in unit dosage form and may be prepared by anyone of the methods well-known in the pharmaceutical art, for example as described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA., (1985) .
• Pharmaceutical formulations suitable for oral administration may comprise one or more physiologically compatible carriers and/or excipients and may be in solid or liquid form. Tablets and capsules may be prepared with binding agents, fillers, lubricants and/or surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate. Liquid compositions may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, emulsifying agents and/or preservatives. Liquid compositions may be encapsulated in, for example, gelatin to provide a unit dosage form.
• Solid oral dosage forms include tablets, two-piece hard shell capsules and soft elastic gelatin (SEG) capsules. Such two-piece hard shell capsules may be made for example by filling a compound of Formula (I) into a gelatin or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) shell.
• a dry shell formulation typically comprises of about 40%to 60%w/w concentration of gelatin, about a 20%to 30%concentration of plasticizer (such as glycerin, sorbitol or propylene glycol) and about a 30%to 40%concentration of water. Other materials such as preservatives, dyes, opacifiers and flavours also may be present.
• the liquid fill material comprises a solid drug that has been dissolved, solubilized or dispersed (with suspending agents such as beeswax, hydrogenated castor oil or polyethylene glycol 4000) or a liquid drug in vehicles or combinations of vehicles such as mineral oil, vegetable oils, triglycerides, glycols, polyols and surface-active agents.
• Suitable daily doses of the compounds of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in therapeutic treatment of humans are about 0.0001 -100 mg/kg body weight.
• Oral formulations are preferred, particularly tablets or capsules which may be formulated by methods known to those skilled in the art to provide doses of the active compound in the range of 0.1 mg to 1000 mg.
• Step 1 Methyl 3-fluoro-5- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) pyridine-2 -carboxylate
• Step 3 Methyl 5- ⁇ [1- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) azetidin-3-yl] oxy ⁇ -3-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate
• Step 4 tert-Butyl 3- ⁇ [5-fluoro-6- (methylcarbamoyl) pyridin-3-yl] oxy ⁇ azetidine-1-carboxylate
• Step 5 5- (Azetidin-3-yloxy) -3-fluoro-N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide
• Step 6 5- ( (1- ( (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) methyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -3-fluoro-N-methylpicolinamide
• Example 2 Preparation of: (R) -5- ( (1- (1- (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 4) , and (S) -5- ( (1- (1- (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 5)
• Step 1 tert-Butyl 3- [ (6-cyanopyridin-3-yl) oxy] azetidine-1-carboxylate
• Step 2 5- ⁇ [1- (tert-Butoxycarbonyl) azetidin-3-yl] oxy ⁇ pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
• Step 3 tert-Butyl 3- ⁇ [6- (methylcarbamoyl) pyridin-3-yl] oxy ⁇ azetidine-1-carboxylate
• Step 4 5- (Azetidin-3-yloxy) -N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide
• Step 5 5- ( (1- (1- (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -N methylpicolinamide (Compound 43)
• the crude product was purified by Prep-HPLC (MeCN in Water (10 mmol/L NH 4 HCO 3 ) , 10%to 50%gradient in 10 min; detector, UV 254 nm) to afford 5- ( (1- (1- (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -N-methylpic olinamide (77.3 mg, 45%yield) .
• Step 8 (R) -N- ( (S) -1- (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) ethyl) -2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide
• Step 9 (S) -7- (1-aminoethyl) -3-ethyl-1, 5-naphthyridin-2 (1H) -one
• Step 10 (S) -3-ethyl-7- (1- (3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl) ethyl) -1, 5-naphthyridin-2 (1H) -one
• Step 12 (S) -5- ( (1- (1- (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) picolinic acid
• Step 1 methyl 5- ⁇ [1- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl] amino ⁇ pyridine-2-carboxylate
• Step 4 6- ( (1- ( (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) methyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl) amino) -N-methylnicotinamide
• Example 4 Preparation of (enantiomer 1) -5- ( (1- ( (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) methyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl) (methyl) amino) -N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 16) , and (enantiomer 2) -5- ( (1- ( (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) methyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl) (methyl) amino) -N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 17)
• Step 1 Methyl-5- ⁇ [1- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl] (methyl) amino ⁇ pyridine-2-carboxylate
• Step 2 tert-Butyl 3- ⁇ methyl [6- (methylcarbamoyl) pyridin-3-yl] amino ⁇ pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
• Step 3 N-Methyl-5- [methyl (pyrrolidin-3-yl) amino] pyridine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride
• Step 4 5- ( ⁇ 1- [ (7-Ethyl-6-oxo-5H-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) methyl] pyrrolidin-3-yl ⁇ (methyl) amino) -N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide
• Step 5 (enantiomer 1) -5- ( (1- ( (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) methyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl) (methyl) amino) -N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 16) , and (enantiomer 2) -5- ( (1- ( (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) methyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl) (methyl) amino) -N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 17)
• Example 5 Preparation of (enantiomer 1) -5- ( (1- (1- (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -6-fluoro-N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 45) , and (enantiomer 2) -5- ( (1- (1- (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -6-fluoro-N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 46)
• Step 1 tert-Butyl 3- [ (6-chloro-2-fluoropyridin-3-yl) oxy] azetidine-1-carboxylate
• Step 2 tert-Butyl 3- [ (6-cyano-2-fluoropyridin-3-yl) oxy] azetidine-1-carboxylate
• Step 3 tert-butyl 3- ( (6-carbamoyl-2-fluoropyridin-3-yl) oxy) azetidine-1-carboxylate
• Step 4 tert-Butyl 3- ⁇ [2-fluoro-6- (methylcarbamoyl) pyridin-3-yl] oxy ⁇ azetidine-1-carboxylate
• Step 6 5- ( (1- (1- (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -6-fluoro-N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 21)
• Step 7 (enantiomer 1) -5- ( (1- (1- (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -6-fluoro-N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 45) and (enantiomer 2) -5- ( (1- (1- (7-ethyl-6-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-1, 5-naphthyridin-3-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -6-fluoro-N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 46)
• Example 6 Preparation of (enantiomer 1) -5- ( (1- (1- (3-ethyl-2-oxo-1, 2-dihydro-1, 6-naphthyridin-7-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -6-fluoro-N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 49) and (enantiomer 2) -5- ( (1- (1- (3-ethyl-2-oxo-1, 2-dihydro-1, 6-naphthyridin-7-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -6-fluoro-N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 50)
• Step 6 7-chloro-3-ethyl-1, 6-naphthyridin-2 (1H) -one
• Step 7 7- (1-ethoxyvinyl) -3-ethyl-1, 6-naphthyridin-2 (1H) -one
• Step 8 7-acetyl-3-ethyl-1, 6-naphthyridin-2 (1H) -one
• Step 9 3-ethyl-7- (1-hydroxyethyl) -1, 6-naphthyridin-2 (1H) -one
• Step 10 7- (1-bromoethyl) -3-ethyl-1, 6-naphthyridin-2 (1H) -one
• Step 11 5- ( (1- (1- (3-ethyl-2-oxo-1, 2-dihydro-1, 6-naphthyridin-7-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -6-fluoro-N-methylpicolinamide
• Step 12 (enantiomer 1) -5- ( (1- (1- (3-ethyl-2-oxo-1, 2-dihydro-1, 6-naphthyridin-7-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -6-fluoro-N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 49) and (enantiomer 2) -5- ( (1- (1- (3-ethyl-2-oxo-1, 2-dihydro-1, 6-naphthyridin-7-yl) ethyl) azetidin-3-yl) oxy) -6-fluoro-N-methylpicolinamide (Compound 50)
• FP experiments were carried out at room temperature using no-binding black 384-well microplates.
• Recombinant full length PARP1 and PARP2 proteins produced in house were diluted to 20nM and 60nM, respectively, with assay buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.001%Triton X100, 10 mM MgCl 2 , and 150 mM NaCl) and incubated for 4 h with an equivalent volume of the 8nM fluorescent probe diluted with assay buffer. Fluorescence anisotropy of the probe when bound to the proteins was measured in the presence of test compounds or solvent control and the effect on anisotropy determined. Polarization values were read using an Envision plate reader using excitation and emission wavelengths of 590 and 630 nm, respectively. All FP values are expressed as mP units. Inhibition ratio was calculated using readout (mP) following the equation as below:
• Inhibition (%) 100 x (mP HC -mP sample ) / (mP HC -mP LC ) , where HC and LC represent the high and low control wells, respectively.
• %inhibition values for different test compound concentrations were calculated and fitted to a four parameter logistic plot in order to determine the IC 50 value using XLfit.
• BRCA2 (-/-) cells cultured in RPMI 1640 + 10%FBS were harvested and diluted to a density of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL and 2 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL, respectively.
• Cells (40 ⁇ L/well) were seeded into 384-well cell culture plates. Plates were covered and incubated at 37 °C, 5%CO 2 overnight prior to the addition of test compounds or vehicle. The plates were then incubated at 37 °C, 5%CO 2 for 7 days. On day 8, the plates were removed from incubator and equilibrated at room temperature for 15 minutes.
• CellTiter-Glo 40 ⁇ L, at 1: 1 to culture medium
• Luminescence was measured using an Envision plate reader. The resultant data were analysed as follows; where LC is culture medium without cells:
• %Vehicle 100 x (Lum Test Sample –Lum LC) / (Lum HC –Lum LC) , where LC and HC are the low and high control wells, respectively.
• %inhibition values for different test compound concentrations were calculated and fitted to a four parameter logistic plot in order to determine the IC 50 value using XLfit
• A-B and basolateral-to-apical (B-A) transport of 5 ⁇ M test compounds in HBSS (10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4) was measured across Caco-2 cell monolayers (cells sourced from American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virgina) .
• Duplicate incubations were performed at approximately 37°C for 120 min, with functionality of the test system confirmed using 5 ⁇ M propranolol and digoxin as control compounds.
• Aliquots (50 ⁇ L) from both apical and basolateral wells were transferred into two fresh 96-well plates and quenched with acetonitrile solution containing analytical internal standards.
• Kinetic solubility incubations were performed in duplicate at 25°C, 1100 rpm for 2 hours in PBS pH 7.4 containing 300 ⁇ M of test compound or the control compound progesterone, prepared in DMSO at 10 mM concentration, in 1.5 mL glass vials in the Eppendorf Thermomixer Comfort plate shaker. After incubation, the samples were filtered, and the filtrate was diluted by 1000-fold with water: acetonitrile 1: 1 (v/v) for analysis by UPLC MS/MS to determine the concentration of test compound. The solubility value was calculated by quantification against a standard of known concentration.
• Test compound or the control compound diclofenac sodium were placed into 1.5 mL glass vials. FaSSIF (1000 ⁇ L) was added into the vials. The samples were transferred to Eppendorf Thermomixer Comfort plate shaker and shaken at 25°C, 1100 rpm for 24 hours. The samples were then filtered. The filtrate was diluted by 1000-fold with water: acetonitrile 1: 1 (v/v) for analysis by UPLC MS/MS to determine the concentration of test compound. The solubility value was calculated by quantification against a standard of known concentration.

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