WO2023207192A1 - 一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置及安装方法 - Google Patents
一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置及安装方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023207192A1 WO2023207192A1 PCT/CN2022/143202 CN2022143202W WO2023207192A1 WO 2023207192 A1 WO2023207192 A1 WO 2023207192A1 CN 2022143202 W CN2022143202 W CN 2022143202W WO 2023207192 A1 WO2023207192 A1 WO 2023207192A1
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- Prior art keywords
- steel plate
- alarm
- icing
- bridge
- outer steel
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B17/0017—Means for protecting offshore constructions
- E02B17/0021—Means for protecting offshore constructions against ice-loads
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B17/0017—Means for protecting offshore constructions
- E02B17/003—Fenders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/18—Status alarms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/0019—Circuit arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the comprehensive fields of bridges, water conservancy and cold area engineering, and specifically relates to providing a device and installation method that can reduce the ice load on the bridge pier and provide an alarm for the safety of the bridge pier for bridge piers in frozen waters in cold areas.
- the feasible protection technologies for bridge piers under the action of ice mainly include: artificial ice breaking, ice breaking by icebreakers, blowing running water to prevent freezing, steel structure ice breaking, etc.
- Artificial ice-breaking technology has the disadvantages of high operator risk and high physical consumption; ice-breaker ice-breaking technology has the disadvantages of poor adaptability and high cost; blowing running water anti-freezing technology consumes a lot of energy, and once equipment failure or power outage occurs, it will cause ice formation; Ice-breaking technology for steel structures is suitable for drifting ice conditions, but is not suitable for static ice forces with uncertain direction of force, and may also increase the ice force on the piers.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a safety alarm device and installation method for anti-icing protection of bridge piers in cold water areas, which can adaptively activate the heating function according to deformation, ensuring that when the deformation is small, the load is reduced by relying on the deformation of the device, and when the deformation exceeds a certain value , start the heating function to melt ice and avoid continuous power supply, which can not only save power but also extend the service life of the device.
- a safety alarm device for anti-icing protection of bridge piers in cold area waters including an anti-icing device, which is hung on the side of the bridge pier through a sling and located at the height of the ice layer;
- the anti-icing device includes a deformation mechanism, a heating mechanism and an alarm mechanism;
- the deformation mechanism includes lifting lugs, an inner steel plate, a bottom steel plate, an outer steel plate, and a spring.
- the lifting lugs are located on the top of the inner steel plate close to the side of the bridge pier and are used to connect with the lower end of the sling; the inner steel plate passes through a plurality of The springs are connected to an outer steel plate arranged in parallel.
- the outer steel plate is located above the bottom steel plate.
- the bottom steel plate and the inner steel plate are welded together; when the ice layer in contact with the outer steel plate moves horizontally, multiple springs are compressed or stretched to Realize the deformation function of the anti-icing device;
- the heating mechanism includes an electric heating wire and a heating control switch.
- the electric heating wire connected to the battery is placed between the inner steel plate and the outer steel plate and closely adheres to the outer steel plate, and can melt the ice layer in contact with the outer steel plate; the heating The control switch is placed horizontally, with one end supported on the surface of the inner steel plate and the other end supported on the surface of the outer steel plate.
- the heating control switch is connected in series with the battery and the heating wire. It connects the circuit according to the displacement of the outer steel plate to heat the heating wire;
- the alarm mechanism includes an alarm control switch.
- the alarm control switch is placed horizontally with one end supported on the surface of the inner steel plate and the other end supported on the surface of the outer steel plate.
- the alarm control switch is connected in series with the battery and alarm transmitter. According to the The displacement enables the circuit to be turned on to trigger the alarm transmitter to issue an alarm.
- it also includes a solar panel, which is fixed on the side of the main beam of the bridge at a location that can receive sunlight.
- the battery also includes a battery, which is connected to the solar panel and used to store the electric energy produced by the solar panel; the battery is also connected to the anti-icing device to provide electric energy.
- At least four evenly distributed springs are installed in each anti-icing device, and both ends of the springs are fixed to the inner steel plate and the outer steel plate by welding or bolting.
- the alarm transmitter is installed on the side of the main beam of the bridge. When it receives the alarm current signal, it immediately sends an electromagnetic wave signal to the mobile phone or management system of the bridge manager to alarm.
- the anti-icing device is also equipped with silica gel, which is filled between the inner steel plate and the outer steel plate, and the spring, electric heating wire, heating control switch, and alarm control switch are wrapped in it to achieve a sealed and waterproof effect.
- multiple anti-icing devices are placed on each side of the bridge pier.
- the multiple anti-icing devices are connected in parallel and share the same solar panel, the same battery and the same alarm transmitter.
- the bottom steel plate adopts a spring steel plate, so that the anti-icing device has a certain vertical shear deformation ability.
- the battery is fixed under the main beam of the bridge in a location that is not subject to rain erosion.
- This application also provides a method for installing an anti-icing protection safety alarm device for bridge piers in cold water areas.
- the device is installed before freezing in winter and removed after the ice melts in spring.
- the installation process is: (1) On the main beam of the bridge Install solar panels on the side; (2) Install batteries under the main beam, and use storage cables to connect the solar panels and batteries; (3) Use slings to hang the prepared anti-icing devices around the piers, and make the upper sides of the outer steel plates The edge is higher than the water surface, and the power supply cable is used to connect the battery and the anti-icing device; (4) Install an alarm transmitter on the side of the main beam of the bridge, and use the alarm cable to connect the alarm transmitter and the anti-icing device.
- the present invention adopts the above technical solution and can achieve the following beneficial effects: (1)
- the anti-icing device has good deformation ability and can effectively reduce the ice force generated by the deformation of the ice layer on the bridge pier; (2) Using solar panels and batteries, it can Use clean energy to power the anti-icing device at any time; (3)
- the anti-icing device can adaptively start the heating function according to the deformation, ensuring that when the deformation is small, it relies on the deformation of the device to reduce the load. When the deformation exceeds a certain value, the heating function is started to melt the ice.
- the anti-icing device can be designed and manufactured as a unit, with the width size determined according to transportation, installation and other conditions, and the required quantity determined according to the size of the pier. It is flexible in use and has strong adaptability; (6) Multiple anti-icing devices on the same pier The circuit of the device can be connected in parallel and work independently.
- this device Even if one device fails, it will not affect other devices, improving the reliability of the overall protection device; sharing the same solar panel, battery and alarm transmitter, saving costs; each device can be adapted independently When the ice layer deforms, it is necessary to activate the heating and alarm functions to save electricity; if a certain anti-icing device fails, it must be repaired and replaced separately, which is easy to construct and low-cost. Therefore, this device has the advantages of automatic protection, safety and reliability, environmental protection, economic feasibility, and convenient installation and maintenance. (7) The installation method of this device is simple and easy, saving time and effort.
- Figure 1 is an installation cross-sectional view of a safety alarm device and installation method for anti-icing protection of bridge piers in cold area waters according to the present invention
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of the anti-icing device of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the anti-icing device around the bridge pier according to the present invention.
- a safety alarm device for anti-icing protection of bridge piers in cold water areas includes solar panels 1, batteries 2, anti-icing devices 3, slings 4, alarm transmitters 5, storage cables 6, power supply cables 7, Alarm cable 8;
- the function of the solar panel 1 is to convert the light energy it receives into electrical energy, and it is installed on the side of the bridge main beam 9 where it can receive sunlight.
- the battery 2 is connected to the solar panel 1 through a storage cable 6 and is used to store the electric energy produced by the solar panel 1.
- it is connected to the anti-icing device 3 through a power supply cable 7 and can provide electric energy to the anti-icing device 3.
- the battery 2 is installed on the main bridge.
- the bottom surface of beam 9 is not subject to rain erosion.
- the anti-icing device 3 is placed on the side of the bridge pier 10 and is located at the height of the ice layer 11.
- the anti-icing device 3 has compression, tensile, and shear deformation capabilities. It also has heating and triggering alarm functions. It can slow down the deformation of the bridge pier 10 through its deformation ability.
- the heating function By receiving ice force, its heating function can be used to melt the ice layer 11 in contact with it; in addition, when the deformation of the anti-icing device 3 reaches a predetermined value, the alarm function can be triggered, and the current signal is transmitted to the alarm transmitter 5 through the alarm cable 8;
- the sling 4 is used to hang the anti-icing device 3 on the periphery of the bridge pier 10 so that the height of the anti-icing device 3 is located at the ice layer 11.
- the lower end of the sling is connected to the top of the anti-icing device 3, and the upper end is fixed to the cable at the appropriate position of the pier 10.
- the alarm transmitter 5 has the function of transmitting alarm signals and is installed and fixed on the side of the bridge main beam 9. When it receives the alarm current signal sent by the anti-icing device 3, it immediately sends out electromagnetic waves to the mobile phone or management system of the bridge manager. signal to alarm.
- the anti-icing device 3 in order to enable the anti-icing device 3 to meet the needs of deformation, heating and triggering alarms, it includes lifting lugs 301, inner steel plate 302, bottom steel plate 303, outer steel plate 304, spring 305, electric heating wire 306, heating control Switch 307, alarm control switch 308, silicone 309; the lifting lug 301 is located at the top of the inner steel plate 302, and the lifting lug 301 is provided with a round hole.
- the lower end of the sling 4 can be connected to the lifting lug 301 through the round hole to suspend and prevent ice.
- the anti-icing device 3 can use the gravity of the anti-icing device 3 to make the inner steel plate 302 closely adhere to the side of the bridge pier 10; the inner steel plate 302 and the bottom steel plate 303 are welded together to become the supporting frame of the entire anti-icing device 3; the outer steel plate 304 and the inner steel plate 302 are placed in parallel, and both ends of the spring 305 are welded or bolted to the inner steel plate 302 and the outer steel plate 304.
- the spring 305 is compressed or stretched to implement an anti-icing device.
- the electric heating wire piece 306 is placed between the inner steel plate 302 and the outer steel plate 304, and is closely attached to the outer steel plate 304, and the battery 2 and power supply can be used
- the electric energy provided by the cable 7 heats the outer steel plate 304, and the heated outer steel plate 304 can melt the ice layer 11 in contact with it;
- the heating control switch 307 is placed horizontally between the inner steel plate 302 and the outer steel plate 304, with both ends supported on the inner side.
- the heating control switch 307 is connected in series with the battery 2 and the heating wire 306.
- the circuit can be connected to make the heating wire 306 heat; the alarm control switch 308 is placed horizontally on Between the inner steel plate 302 and the outer steel plate 304, both ends are supported on the surfaces of the inner steel plate 302 and the outer steel plate 304.
- the alarm control switch 308 is connected in series with the battery 2 and the alarm transmitter 5, and can be turned on according to the displacement of the outer steel plate 304.
- the circuit triggers the alarm transmitter 5 to alarm; silicone 309 is filled between the inner steel plate 302 and the outer steel plate 304, and the spring 305, the electric heating wire 306, the heating control switch 307, and the alarm control switch 308 are wrapped in it to achieve a sealing and waterproof effect. .
- the above-mentioned solar panels, batteries, heating control switches, and alarm control switches are all electrical devices with relatively mature technology.
- the specific structure is not within the scope of this patented invention.
- the appropriate finished product can be selected according to the amount of electricity required for heating the anti-icing device, or it can be customized by the manufacturer. .
- the size of the anti-icing device 3 can be determined according to the thickness of the ice layer 11, the deformation rate of the ice layer 11 and its installation weight. Since the general cross-sectional circumference of the bridge pier 10 is large, multiple anti-icing devices 3 can be placed around the bridge pier 10.
- the vertical height of the outer steel plate 304 is greater than the maximum thickness of the ice layer 11 that may occur in winter, and a margin of 200mm is taken into account;
- the inner steel plate 302 is about 20mm larger than the height of the outer steel plate 304, which meets the requirements of welding Lifting lugs 301 and bottom steel plate 303 are required;
- the horizontal width can be determined according to the size of the pier 10 and the weight of the entire device and installation convenience; the horizontal widths of the inner steel plate 302, the bottom steel plate 303 and the outer steel plate 304 are the same. The greater the width, the heavier the weight of the entire device.
- the width value should meet the production and installation requirements; the distance between the inner steel plate 302 and the outer steel plate 304 can be about 200mm; the horizontal length of the bottom steel plate 303 can be about 270mm, which should meet the requirements of the outer steel plate 304 Always supported on its upper surface.
- the lifting lugs 301, inner steel plate 302, and outer steel plate 304 are all made of stainless steel plates, and the thickness can be 10mm.
- the bottom steel plate 303 is a spring steel plate, and the thickness can be 3 mm, so that the anti-icing device 3 has a certain vertical shear deformation ability and reduces the vertical ice force on the device.
- the tensile stiffness of the spring 305 should not be too large to minimize the ice force on the pier 10. The stiffness should be sufficient to allow the outer steel plate 304 to return to its original position after the ice force disappears.
- the heating control switch 307 In order to prevent the heating wire 306 from always being in a heating state, to save electric energy and extend the service life of the device, the heating control switch 307 only turns on the heating circuit when the relative displacement between the inner steel plate 302 and the outer steel plate 304 exceeds 20 mm. Otherwise, the heating circuit will be turned on. The circuit is open.
- the alarm control switch 307 turns on the alarm circuit and triggers the alarm transmitter. 5Send an alarm signal.
- the sling 4 is made of stainless steel wire rope, and its cross-sectional size is determined according to the weight of the anti-icing device 3 to meet safety and economic requirements; its length is determined according to site conditions and meets the requirements for convenient installation; its two ends are connected to the bridge pier 10 and the lifting lugs 301
- the connection method is a conventional technology and can be determined according to site conditions to meet safety and installation convenience requirements.
- the storage cable 6, power supply cable 7 and alarm cable 8 use cables with good insulation properties and low temperature resistance.
- the length of the cable is determined according to the height of the on-site bridge pier.
- the diameter of the cable meets the needs of the solar panel 1 for power generation and the anti-icing device 3 for heating and alarm respectively. Power requirements of transmitter 5.
- the device is installed before freezing in winter and removed after the ice melts in spring.
- the installation process is: (1) Install solar panels 1 on the side of the main beam 9 of the bridge; (2) Install batteries 2 below the main beam 9 and use The storage cable 6 connects the solar panel 1 and the battery 2; (3) Use the sling 4 to hang the prepared anti-icing device 3 around the pier 10, and make the upper edge of the outer steel plate 304 20mm higher than the water surface, and use the power supply cable 7. Connect the battery 2 and the anti-icing device 3; (4) Install the alarm transmitter 5 on the side of the bridge main beam 9, and use the alarm cable 8 to connect the alarm transmitter 5 and the anti-icing device 3.
- the invention can adaptively provide three-level safety protection for the bridge pier according to the deformation size of the anti-icing device.
- the deformation When the deformation is small, it relies on the good deformation ability of the device to reduce the ice load; when the deformation exceeds a certain value, the heating function is activated to melt the ice layer. To reduce the ice load; when an extreme state occurs and the device deformation exceeds the limit, the alarm device is triggered to ensure the safety of the bridge. It has the advantages of protective automation, safety and reliability, green environmental protection, economic feasibility, and convenient installation and maintenance.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置及安装方法，所述装置包括太阳能板、蓄电池、防冰装置、吊索、报警发射器；所述防冰装置包括吊耳、内侧钢板、底部钢板、外侧钢板、弹簧、电热丝片、加热控制开关、报警控制开关、硅胶。本发明能够自适应地根据防冰装置变形大小对桥墩提供三级安全保护，当变形较小时，依靠装置良好的变形能力以减小冰荷载；当变形超过一定值时，启动加热功能融化冰层以减小冰荷载；当出现极端状态且装置变形超限时，触发报警装置，保证桥梁安全。防冰装置可以进行单元式标准化设计制作，根据运输、安装等条件确定宽度尺寸，根据桥墩尺寸确定所需数量，使用灵活，适应性强。
Description
本发明属于桥梁、水利和寒区工程综合领域，具体地涉及针对寒区结冰水域内的桥墩，提供一种能够减小桥墩所受冰荷载，并对桥墩安全性进行报警的装置及安装方法。
在寒冷地区的冬季，河流、水库、湖泊、海洋等水域表面会结冰，导致水域内的桥梁、水塔、平台等结构的墩柱固结于冰层内。当冰层受到温度变化、风、水流等环境因素作用时，会发生水平变形移动；当水位发生变化时，冰层会发生竖向变形移动。无论是冰层的水平变形，还是竖向变形，都会对墩柱产生非常大的作用力，进而造成结构发生较大位移或产生损伤甚至破坏，使墩柱无法正常使用，危及安全。随着我国交通基础设施建设规模不断增加，将会有越来越多的桥梁修建于寒区水域内，如何保护桥梁的桥墩免受冰层破坏，是桥梁建设需要解决的关键问题。
目前，针对桥墩在冰层作用下的可行防护技术主要包含：人工破冰、破冰船破冰、吹起活水防冻、钢结构破冰等。人工破冰技术存在作业人员危险性高，体力消耗大的缺点；破冰船破冰技术存在适应性差，费用高的缺点；吹起活水防冻技术能量消耗大，且一旦出现设备故障或断电会造成结冰；钢结构破冰技术适用于流冰情况，但不适用于作用力方向不确定的静冰力，还可能会增大墩柱所受冰力。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置及安装 方法，能够自适应地根据变形启动加热功能，保证变形较小时，依靠装置变形减载，当变形超过一定值时，启动加热功能融冰，避免持续供电，既可节约电源，也可延长装置使用寿命。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置，包括防冰装置，所述防冰装置通过吊索吊在桥墩侧面，且位于冰层高度处；所述防冰装置包括变形机构、加热机构和报警机构；
所述变形机构包括吊耳、内侧钢板、底部钢板、外侧钢板、弹簧，所述吊耳设在紧贴于桥墩侧面的内侧钢板顶部，用于与吊索下端连接；所述内侧钢板通过多个弹簧与平行设置的外侧钢板相连，该外侧钢板位于底部钢板上面，所述底部钢板与内侧钢板焊接在一起；当与外侧钢板接触的冰层发生水平移动时，多个弹簧受到压缩或拉伸以实现防冰装置的变形功能；
所述加热机构包括电热丝片、加热控制开关，与蓄电池相连的电热丝片放置于内侧钢板和外侧钢板之间且密贴于外侧钢板上，能够融化与外侧钢板接触的冰层；所述加热控制开关水平放置，且一端支撑在内侧钢板表面，另一端支撑在外侧钢板表面，所述加热控制开关与蓄电池、加热丝片串联，其根据外侧钢板的位移量接通电路使加热丝片发热；
所述报警机构包括报警控制开关，所述报警控制开关水平放置，且一端支撑在内侧钢板表面，另一端支撑在外侧钢板表面，所述报警控制开关与蓄电池、报警发射器串联，根据外侧钢板的位移量实现接通电路触发报警发射器进行报警。
进一步的，还包括太阳能板，所述太阳能板固定于桥梁主梁侧面能够接收阳光的部位。
进一步的，还包括蓄电池，所述蓄电池与太阳能板相连，用于储存太阳能 板生产的电能；所述蓄电池还与所述防冰装置相连，为其提供电能。
进一步，每个防冰装置内至少设置4个均匀分布的弹簧，所述弹簧两端通过焊接或螺栓固定于内侧钢板和外侧钢板上。
进一步，所述报警发射器安装在桥梁主梁侧面，当其接收到报警电流信号后，即刻向桥梁管理人员的手机或管理系统发出电磁波信号，进行报警。
更进一步，所述防冰装置内还设有硅胶，填充在内侧钢板和外侧钢板之间，并将弹簧、电热丝片、加热控制开关、报警控制开关包裹在其中，以达到密封防水作用。
更进一步，所述桥墩每个侧面放置多个防冰装置，所述多个防冰装置采用并联方式共用同一个太阳能板、同一个蓄电池和同一个报警发射器。
作为更进一步，所述底部钢板采用弹簧钢板，使防冰装置具有一定的竖向剪切变形能力。
作为更进一步，所述蓄电池固定于桥梁主梁下面不会遭受雨水侵蚀的部位。
本申请还提供一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置的安装方法，所述装置在冬季结冰前安装，在春季冰层融化后拆除，其安装流程为：(1)在桥梁主梁侧面安装太阳能板；(2)在主梁下面安装蓄电池，利用蓄电电缆将太阳能板和蓄电池连接；(3)利用吊索将制作好的防冰装置悬挂在桥墩周围，并使外侧钢板的上缘高于水面，利用供电电缆将蓄电池和防冰装置连接；(4)在桥梁主梁侧面安装报警发射器，利用报警电缆将报警发射器和防冰装置连接。
本发明采用以上技术方案，可达到如下有益效果：(1)防冰装置具有良好的变形能力，能够有效减小冰层变形对桥墩所产生的冰力；(2)采用太阳能板和蓄电池，可利用清洁能源为防冰装置随时供电；(3)防冰装置能够自适应地根据变形启动加热功能，保证变形较小时，依靠装置变形减载，当变形超过一 定值时，启动加热功能融冰，避免持续供电，既可节约电源，也可延长装置使用寿命；(4)当出现极端状态且装置变形超过安全预警值时，触发报警发射器自动报警，确保管理人员能够及时处理险情，保证桥梁安全；(5)防冰装置可以进行单元式标准化设计制作，根据运输、安装等条件确定宽度尺寸，根据桥墩尺寸确定所需数量，使用灵活，适应性强；(6)同一桥墩的多个防冰装置的电路可以采用并联形式，独立工作，即使一个装置出现故障，不影响其他装置，提高整体保护装置可靠性；共用同一个太阳能板、蓄电池和报警发射器，节省成本；每个装置可以独立适应冰层变形需要启动加热和报警功能，节约电能；某个防冰装置出现故障，单独维修更换，施工方便、费用低。因此，本装置具有保护自动化、安全可靠、绿色环保、经济可行、安装维修便利等优点。(7)本装置安装方法简单易行，省时省力。
图1为本发明一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置及安装方法安装断面图；
图2为本发明防冰装置立体图；
图3为本发明防冰装置在桥墩周围安装示意图。
图中：1太阳能板；2蓄电池；3防冰装置；301吊耳；302内侧钢板；303底部钢板；304外侧钢板；305弹簧；306电热丝片；307加热控制开关；308报警控制开关；309硅胶；4吊索；5报警发射器；6蓄电电缆；7供电电缆；8报警电缆；9桥梁主梁；10桥墩；11冰层。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请，即所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部 分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
实施例1：
如图1所示，一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置，包括太阳能板1、蓄电池2、防冰装置3、吊索4、报警发射器5、蓄电电缆6、供电电缆7、报警电缆8；所述太阳能板1的作用是将其接收的光能转化为电能，其安装于桥梁主梁9侧面能够接收阳光的部位。蓄电池2通过蓄电电缆6与太阳能板1相连，用于储存太阳能板1生产的电能，同时通过供电电缆7与防冰装置3相连，能够为防冰装置3提供电能，蓄电池2安装于桥梁主梁9底面不会遭受雨水侵蚀的部位。防冰装置3放置在桥墩10侧面，且位于冰层11高度处，防冰装置3具有压缩、拉伸、剪切变形能力，同时具有加热和触发报警功能，可以通过其变形能力减缓桥墩10所受冰力，同时可以利用其加热功能融化与其接触的冰层11；另外，当防冰装置3变形达到预定值时，能够触发报警功能，通过报警电缆8将电流信号传递给报警发射器5；吊索4用于将防冰装置3悬吊于桥墩10周边上，使防冰装置3高度位于冰层11位置，吊索下端与防冰装置3顶部连接，上端固定于桥墩10合适位置的索架上；报警发射器5具有发射报警信号的功能，安装固定在桥梁主梁9侧面，当其接收到防冰装置3发出的报警电流信号后，即刻向桥梁管理人员的手机或管理系统发出电磁波信号，进行报警。
如图2所示，为使防冰装置3能够满足变形、加热和触发报警需要，其包 括吊耳301、内侧钢板302、底部钢板303、外侧钢板304、弹簧305、电热丝片306、加热控制开关307、报警控制开关308、硅胶309；吊耳301设在内侧钢板302顶部位置，吊耳301上设有圆孔，吊索4下端可通过圆孔与吊耳301连接，以悬吊防冰装置3，并能利用防冰装置3的重力使内侧钢板302密贴于桥墩10侧面；内侧钢板302与底部钢板303焊接在一起，成为整个防冰装置3的支撑骨架；外侧钢板304与内侧钢板302平行放置，弹簧305两端通过焊接或螺栓固定于内侧钢板302和外侧钢板304上，当与外侧钢板304接触的冰层11发生水平移动时，弹簧305受到压缩或拉伸以实现防冰装置3的变形功能，每个防冰装置内至少均匀设置4个弹簧305；电热丝片306放置于内侧钢板302和外侧钢板304之间，且密贴于外侧钢板304上，可以利用蓄电池2和供电电缆7提供的电能对外侧钢板304进行加热，进而加热的外侧钢板304可以融化与之接触的冰层11；加热控制开关307水平放置于内侧钢板302和外侧钢板304之间，两端支撑在内侧钢板302和外侧钢板304表面上，加热控制开关307与蓄电池2和加热丝片306串联，可以根据外侧钢板304的位移量，实现接通电路使加热丝片306发热；报警控制开关308水平放置于内侧钢板302和外侧钢板304之间，两端支撑在内侧钢板302和外侧钢板304表面上，报警控制开关308与蓄电池2和报警发射器5串联，可以根据外侧钢板304的位移量，实现接通电路触发报警发射器5报警；硅胶309填充在内侧钢板302和外侧钢板304之间，并将弹簧305、电热丝片306、加热控制开关307、报警控制开关308包裹在其中，以达到密封防水作用。
上述太阳能板、蓄电池、加热控制开关、报警控制开关均属于电器类装置，技术比较成熟，具体构造不在本专利发明范围内，可根据防冰装置加热需要的电量选择合适的成品，或由厂家定制。
所述防冰装置3尺寸可以根据冰层11的厚度、冰层11的变形速率以及其安装重量确定，由于一般桥墩10横截面周长较大，桥墩10周围可以放置多个防冰装置3，且采用并联方式共用蓄电池2的电能；外侧钢板304的竖向高度大于冬季可能出现的冰层11最大厚度，并考虑200mm的富余量；内侧钢板302比外侧钢板304的高度大20mm左右，满足焊接吊耳301和底部钢板303需要；水平宽度可根据桥墩10尺寸和整个装置重量及安装便利确定；内侧钢板302、底部钢板303和外侧钢板304的水平宽度相同，宽度越大，整个装置的重量越大，制作和安装难度增加，因此宽度取值应满足制作和安装要求；内侧钢板302和外侧钢板304的间距可以取200mm左右；底部钢板303水平方向的长度可以取270mm左右，应满足外侧钢板304始终能支撑在其上表面。吊耳301、内侧钢板302、外侧钢板304均采用不锈钢板制作，厚度可以取10mm。底部钢板303采用弹簧钢板，厚度可以取3mm，使防冰装置3具有一定的竖向剪切变形能力，减小装置所受竖向冰力。
弹簧305的拉伸刚度不宜过大，尽量减小桥墩10所受的冰力，刚度取值能够满足冰力消失后使外侧钢板304恢复到原位即可。
为了避免加热丝片306始终处于加热状态，以节省电能和延长装置的使用寿命，加热控制开关307只在内侧钢板302和外侧钢板304之间相对位移超过20mm时，才接通加热电路，否则加热电路处于断开状态。
为了控制桥墩10所受冰力小于预定值，并保证防冰装置3的安全，当内侧钢板302和外侧钢板304之间相对位移超过60mm时，报警控制开关307接通报警电路，触发报警发射器5发送报警信号。
所述吊索4采用不锈钢钢丝绳，其截面尺寸根据防冰装置3的重量确定，满足安全、经济要求；其长度根据现场条件确定，满足安装方便要求；其两端 与桥墩10和吊耳301的连接方式属于常规技术，可根据现场条件确定，满足安全和安装方便要求。
蓄电电缆6、供电电缆7和报警电缆8采用具有绝缘性能好、耐低温的电缆，电缆的长度根据现场桥墩高度确定，电缆的直径分别满足太阳能板1发电、防冰装置3的加热以及报警发射器5的用电需要。
所述装置在冬季结冰前安装，在春季冰层融化后拆除，其安装流程为：(1)在桥梁主梁9侧面安装太阳能板1；(2)在主梁9下面安装蓄电池2，利用蓄电电缆6将太阳能板1和蓄电池2连接；(3)利用吊索4将制作好的防冰装置3悬挂在桥墩10周围，并使外侧钢板304的上缘高于水面20mm，利用供电电缆7将蓄电池2和防冰装置3连接；(4)在桥梁主梁9侧面安装报警发射器5，利用报警电缆8将报警发射器5和防冰装置3连接。
本发明能够自适应地根据防冰装置变形大小对桥墩提供三级安全保护，当变形较小时，依靠装置良好的变形能力以减小冰荷载；当变形超过一定值时，启动加热功能融化冰层以减小冰荷载；当出现极端状态且装置变形超限时，触发报警装置，保证桥梁安全。具有保护自动化、安全可靠、绿色环保、经济可行、安装维修便利等优点。
本领域的普通技术人员将会意识到，这里所述的实施例是为了帮助读者理解本发明的原理，应被理解为发明的保护范围并不局限于这样的特别陈述和实施例。凡是根据上述描述做出各种可能的等同替换或改变，均被认为属于本发明的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (10)
- 一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置，其特征在于，包括防冰装置，所述防冰装置通过吊索吊在桥墩侧面，且位于冰层高度处；所述防冰装置包括变形机构、加热机构和报警机构；所述变形机构包括吊耳、内侧钢板、底部钢板、外侧钢板、弹簧，所述吊耳设在紧贴于桥墩侧面的内侧钢板顶部，用于与吊索下端连接；所述内侧钢板通过多个弹簧与平行设置的外侧钢板相连，该外侧钢板位于底部钢板上面，所述底部钢板与内侧钢板焊接在一起；当与外侧钢板接触的冰层发生水平移动时，多个弹簧受到压缩或拉伸以实现防冰装置的变形功能；所述加热机构包括电热丝片、加热控制开关，与蓄电池相连的电热丝片放置于内侧钢板和外侧钢板之间且密贴于外侧钢板上，能够融化与外侧钢板接触的冰层；所述加热控制开关水平放置，且一端支撑在内侧钢板表面，另一端支撑在外侧钢板表面，所述加热控制开关与蓄电池、加热丝片串联，其根据外侧钢板的位移量接通电路使加热丝片发热；所述报警机构包括报警控制开关，所述报警控制开关水平放置，且一端支撑在内侧钢板表面，另一端支撑在外侧钢板表面，所述报警控制开关与蓄电池、报警发射器串联，根据外侧钢板的位移量实现接通电路触发报警发射器进行报警。
- 根据权利要求1所述一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置，其特征在于，还包括太阳能板，所述太阳能板固定于桥梁主梁侧面能够接收阳光的部位。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置，其特征在于，还包括蓄电池，所述蓄电池与太阳能板相连，用于储存太阳能板生产的电能；所述蓄电池还与所述防冰装置相连，为其提供电能。
- 根据权利要求1所述一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置，其特征在于， 每个防冰装置内至少设置4个均匀分布的弹簧，所述弹簧两端通过焊接或螺栓固定于内侧钢板和外侧钢板上。
- 根据权利要求1所述一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置，其特征在于，所述报警发射器安装在桥梁主梁侧面，当其接收到报警电流信号后，即刻向桥梁管理人员的手机或管理系统发出电磁波信号，进行报警。
- 根据权利要求1所述一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置，其特征在于，所述防冰装置内还设有硅胶，填充在内侧钢板和外侧钢板之间，并将弹簧、电热丝片、加热控制开关、报警控制开关包裹在其中，以达到密封防水作用。
- 根据权利要求1所述一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置，其特征在于，所述桥墩每个侧面放置多个防冰装置，所述多个防冰装置采用并联方式共用同一个太阳能板、同一个蓄电池和同一个报警发射器。
- 根据权利要求1所述一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置，其特征在于，所述底部钢板采用弹簧钢板，使防冰装置具有一定的竖向剪切变形能力。
- 根据权利要求1所述一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置，其特征在于，所述蓄电池固定于桥梁主梁下面不会遭受雨水侵蚀的部位。
- 一种寒区水域桥墩抗冰保护安全报警装置的安装方法，所述装置在冬季结冰前安装，在春季冰层融化后拆除，其安装流程为：(1)在桥梁主梁侧面安装太阳能板；(2)在主梁下面安装蓄电池，利用蓄电电缆将太阳能板和蓄电池连接；(3)利用吊索将制作好的防冰装置悬挂在桥墩周围，并使外侧钢板的上缘高于水面，利用供电电缆将蓄电池和防冰装置连接；(4)在桥梁主梁侧面安装报警发射器，利用报警电缆将报警发射器和防冰装置连接。
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| CN117705170A (zh) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-03-15 | 长春华普大通防冰工程技术有限公司 | 一种高寒地区冬季可自动防冰冻集成式水文监测装置 |
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