WO2023202217A1 - 天线振子单元及天线阵列 - Google Patents

天线振子单元及天线阵列 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023202217A1
WO2023202217A1 PCT/CN2023/078075 CN2023078075W WO2023202217A1 WO 2023202217 A1 WO2023202217 A1 WO 2023202217A1 CN 2023078075 W CN2023078075 W CN 2023078075W WO 2023202217 A1 WO2023202217 A1 WO 2023202217A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna element
element unit
plate
chamber
unit according
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PCT/CN2023/078075
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜涛
段志文
黄萍
王旭
李永忠
孙静
Original Assignee
普罗斯通信技术（苏州）有限公司
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Publication of WO2023202217A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023202217A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and further relates to an antenna element unit and an antenna array.
  • the fifth generation mobile communication technology is a new generation of broadband mobile communication technology with high speed, low latency and large connection characteristics. It is the network infrastructure that realizes the interconnection of humans, machines and things.
  • 5G base station antenna elements In recent years, with the diversification of 5G base station application scenarios, many occasions have placed higher and higher structural requirements on 5G base station antenna elements. Traditional ones have narrow frequency bands, high thickness, heavy weight, large loading losses, complex operating procedures, and high connection difficulties. 5G antenna oscillators are no longer able to meet usage needs.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an antenna oscillator unit and an antenna array.
  • the resonant structure can feed power through electromagnetic coupling, which is equivalent to introducing an additional matching circuit, which is beneficial to the broadband antenna oscillator unit. Impedance matching.
  • an antenna element unit including:
  • the wall surrounds the installation space
  • a reflective plate arranged on the inner wall of the installation space, and dividing the installation space into a first chamber and a second chamber;
  • a resonant structure including a feed conductor provided in the first chamber and a first slot provided in the reflection plate;
  • a radiation plate assembly is provided in the second chamber, and the feed conductor and the radiation plate assembly are respectively located on opposite sides of the first slot.
  • a second slot corresponding to the feed conductor is provided at a preset position of the reflective plate, and the second slot connects the second chamber and the first chamber.
  • the first groove and the second groove are rotationally symmetrical. Set.
  • the shape of at least one of the first groove and the second groove is an I-shaped groove.
  • the reflecting plate is provided with a groove unit, and the groove unit includes at least two first grooves arranged rotationally symmetrically with each other.
  • the antenna element unit further includes a dielectric sheet disposed in the first chamber and located between the feed conductor and the bottom plate, and the dielectric sheet is in contact with the The radiation sheet components are arranged relative to each other.
  • the media sheet is integrally formed with the wall.
  • the coating applied to a predetermined position on the inner wall of the first chamber forms a media sheet.
  • the dielectric constant of the dielectric sheet is greater than 8.5.
  • the first cavity under the condition of achieving the same antenna performance, when air is used as the medium, the first cavity has a first thickness, and when the dielectric sheet is used as the medium, the first cavity has a first thickness.
  • the wall includes a bottom plate and a side plate.
  • the side plate is arranged on one side of the bottom plate, and the side plate surrounds the installation space.
  • the bottom plate corresponds to the installation space.
  • a through hole is provided at the position of the feed conductor.
  • the wall further includes a sealed cavity disposed in the through hole of the bottom plate, and the sealed cavity surrounds a hollow cavity that communicates with the through hole. One end of the cavity away from the bottom plate is closed.
  • an antenna array including: the antenna element unit according to any one of the above, wherein the antenna element unit includes more than two of the resonant mechanisms and the radiation plate components, and more than two The resonant mechanism and the two or more radiating plate assemblies correspond one to one and are arranged in an array.
  • the feed conductors of more than two resonant mechanisms are connected to each other.
  • the antenna element unit and antenna array provided by the present invention have At least one of the following beneficial effects:
  • the antenna element unit and antenna array provided by the present invention can be fed through electromagnetic coupling through the resonant structure, which is equivalent to the introduction of an additional matching circuit, which is beneficial to the impedance matching of the broadband antenna element unit;
  • the antenna vibrator unit and antenna array provided by the present invention adopt the LC electromagnetic coupling feeding method, which reduces the welding of the feed network and the vibrator unit, reduces the risk of passive intermodulation, and reduces the damage caused by welding. Antenna ports are inconsistent;
  • the antenna element unit and antenna array provided by the present invention can be used to improve the relationship between the radiation plate assembly and the cavity by arranging a second slot as a non-LC resonant part of the corresponding radiation plate assembly on the reflection plate. Orthogonality of the fields generated by the two polarizations to improve the cross-polarization pair shaping of the far-field pattern;
  • the antenna element unit further includes a cavity with a through hole provided on the bottom plate.
  • the cavity surrounds a hollow cavity that communicates with the through hole.
  • the cavity is close to One end of the reflection plate extends into the first chamber, and the feed conductor is arranged corresponding to the hollow cavity, which is equivalent to shortening the distance between the feed conductor and the bottom plate, which can facilitate
  • the radiation field is coupled into the radiation plate assembly through the coupling structure formed by the resonant structure.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic exploded structural view of the antenna element unit according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a directional diagram of the antenna element unit without the second slot according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a directional diagram when the antenna element unit is provided with a second slot according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded structural diagram of an embodiment of the antenna array according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the second preferred embodiment of the antenna array according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic exploded view of the second preferred embodiment of the antenna array according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the third preferred embodiment of the antenna array according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or Integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or Integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • the antenna array unit provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a wall 10, a resonant structure 20, a radiation plate assembly 30 and a reflection plate 13.
  • the wall 10 forms an installation space 14 around it.
  • the reflection plate 13 is disposed on the inner wall of the installation space 14 and divides the installation space 14 into a first chamber 141 and a second chamber 142 .
  • the resonant structure 20 includes a feed conductor 21 provided in the first chamber 141 and a first groove provided in the reflection plate 13.
  • the reflection plate 13 is connected to the first chamber. 141 and the first groove 22 of the second chamber 142 form the first groove.
  • the radiation plate assembly 30 is disposed in the second cavity 142 , and the feed conductor 21 and the radiation plate assembly 30 are respectively located on opposite sides of the first slot 22 .
  • the resonant structure 20 can be fed through electromagnetic coupling, which is equivalent to introducing an additional matching circuit, which is beneficial to the impedance matching of the broadband antenna element unit.
  • the resonant structure 20 is an LC electromagnetic coupling structure.
  • the feed conductor 21 disposed in the first cavity 141 can reduce the space occupied by the second cavity 142, that is, it can reduce the space occupied by the antenna element unit in front of the reflection plate, so that the height of the antenna element unit can be reduced. reduce.
  • the feed conductor 21 and the first slot 22 form an LC resonance structure as a combination.
  • the feed conductor 21 is equivalent to an inductor.
  • the first slot 22 is equivalent to a capacitor.
  • the feed conductor 21 The field generated after energization is coupled to the radiation sheet assembly 30 through the first slot 22, and the energy is radiated into the space through the radiation sheet assembly 30.
  • the feed conductor 21 , the reflective plate 13 , the side wall of the first chamber 14 opposite to the reflective plate 13 and the air/dielectric plate in the first chamber 14 together form a strip line.
  • the radiation sheet assembly 30 further includes a first layer of radiation sheet 31 and a second layer of radiation sheet 32.
  • the second layer of radiation sheet 32 is located between the first layer of radiation sheet 31 and the reflection plate 13. .
  • the second-layer radiating plate 32 is the main radiating plate.
  • the radiation field of the antenna element mainly exists between the second-layer radiating plate 32 and the wall 10 , which mainly determines the pattern radiation characteristics of the antenna element. frequency band.
  • the first layer of radiation sheet 31 is used to expand the operating frequency band of the antenna element and improve the beam convergence of the antenna pattern.
  • the antenna element unit further includes a support member (not shown in the figure). One end of the support member is connected to the radiation plate assembly 30 and the other end is connected to the wall 10 or the reflection plate 13 for Fix the radiation plate assembly 30 .
  • the reflection plate 13 is provided with a groove unit, and the groove unit includes at least two first grooves 22 arranged rotationally symmetrically with each other, which can improve the connection between the radiation sheet assembly 30 and the Orthogonality of the fields generated by the polarization between the side walls of the second chamber 142.
  • a second slot 130 corresponding to the feed conductor 21 is provided at a preset position of the reflection plate 13 , and the second slot 130 connects the second chamber 142 and the first chamber 141 , used to improve the orthogonality of the field generated by polarization between the radiation plate assembly 30 and the side wall of the second chamber 142 .
  • the second slot 130 serves as a non-LC resonant part, and its main function is to improve the orthogonality of the fields generated by the two polarizations between the radiating plate assembly 30 and the wall 10.
  • Cross-polarization pair shaping to improve the far-field pattern.
  • the number of the second grooves 130 and the first grooves 22 is more than two respectively, and the first grooves 22 and the second grooves 130 are arranged in rotational symmetry.
  • the first slot 22 and the second slot 130 can also be arranged in an asymmetric manner and can be adjusted according to actual use needs, as long as the field generated by the entire antenna element unit can be achieved. The orthogonality condition is satisfied.
  • the number of the second grooves 130 and the first grooves 22 is the same.
  • the number of the second slots 130 and the first slots 22 may also be different, as long as the orthogonality of the field generated by the entire antenna element unit can be achieved, and the The specific number of the second groove 130 and the first groove 22 shall not constitute a limitation of this application. Please limit.
  • At least one of the first groove 22 and the second groove 130 is in the shape of an I-shaped groove.
  • setting the first slot 22 and the second slot 130 in an I-shape can increase space utilization and improve power feeding efficiency.
  • the first groove 22 and the second groove 130 can also be elongated, circular or other irregular shapes. The specific shape should not be construed as limiting the invention.
  • FIG. 3 it shows the pattern structure produced when only the first groove 22 is provided on the reflective plate 13 , and its cross-polarization symmetry is weak.
  • FIG. 4 which shows the pattern when the first groove 22 and the second groove 130 are simultaneously provided on the reflective plate 13 , the symmetry of the cross-polarization is significantly improved.
  • the abscissa is the horizontal plane angle of the antenna pattern
  • the ordinate is the level value of the pattern at each angle. The higher the pattern, the better the cross-polarization performance.
  • the antenna element unit further includes a dielectric sheet 16 disposed in the first chamber 141 and between the feed conductor 21 and the bottom plate 11 .
  • the dielectric sheet 16 is connected to the bottom plate 11 .
  • the radiation sheet assemblies 30 are arranged oppositely. Referring to FIG. 2 , the fact that the dielectric sheet 16 is arranged opposite to the radiation sheet assembly 30 means that at least a part of the dielectric sheet 16 is located directly below the radiation sheet assembly 30 .
  • the dielectric sheet 16 is a dielectric sheet with a high DK (Dielectric Constant), and the dielectric constant of the dielectric sheet 16 is greater than 8.5.
  • the distance between the feed conductor 21 and the bottom plate 11 located in the first chamber 141 is very small, preferably less than 2 mm, so the radiation field is almost confined to the feed conductor 21 and the bottom plate 11 In the space between them, energy cannot be effectively coupled to the radiating plate assembly 30 through the LC coupling structure formed by the resonant structure 20 .
  • the distance between the reflecting plate 13 and the bottom plate 11 can be effectively reduced, and the thickness of the first chamber 141 can be reduced.
  • the first chamber 141 has a first thickness
  • the dielectric sheet 16 is integrally formed with the wall 10 , which can reduce the thickness of the first cavity 141 and help further reduce the overall thickness of the antenna element unit. In some variant embodiments, a layer of coating with a dielectric constant greater than 8.5 is coated on a preset position on the inner wall of the first chamber 141 to form the dielectric sheet 16 .
  • the wall 10 includes a bottom plate 11 and a side plate 12 .
  • the side plate 12 is disposed on one side of the bottom plate 11, and the side plate 12 surrounds the installation space 14.
  • the bottom plate 11 is provided with a through hole 131 at a position corresponding to the feed conductor 21.
  • the through hole 131 provided in the bottom plate 11 can facilitate the coupling of the energy generated by the resonant structure 20 into the radiation plate assembly 30 . It should be noted that as long as the side plate 12 can surround the installation space 14 , the shape of the side plate 12 should not constitute a limitation on this application.
  • the side plate 12 is an annular side plate, surrounding the installation space 14 with an annular cross-section; the side plate 12 includes more than three sub-side plates connected end to end, and more than three sub-side plates connected end to end.
  • the installation space 14 is formed around the sub-side panels.
  • the antenna element unit further includes a sealed cavity 17 provided in the through hole 131 of the base plate 11 , and the sealed cavity 17 surrounds the through hole 131 and is formed to communicate with the through hole 131 .
  • the hollow cavity 170 is closed at one end of the sealed cavity 17 away from the bottom plate 11 .
  • the sealed cavity 17 can achieve the effect of increasing the resonant distance, and sealing one end away from the bottom plate 11 can also prevent the technical problem of leakage of resonant waves.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the sealed cavity 17 is annular.
  • the shape of the sealed cavity 17 can also be a polygon or an irregular figure.
  • one end of the sealed cavity 17 away from the reflection plate 13 extends out of the bottom plate 11 , thereby minimizing the distance between the bottom plate 11 and the bottom plate 11 while keeping the length of the sealed cavity 17 constant. distance between reflective plates 13.
  • the present invention further provides an antenna array.
  • the antenna array includes the antenna oscillator unit.
  • the antenna oscillator unit includes more than two resonant mechanisms 20 and the radiation plate assembly 30 .
  • the two or more resonant mechanisms 20 Two or more radiation plate assemblies 30 correspond to each other and are arranged in an array.
  • the resonant mechanisms 20 and the radiation plate assemblies 30 of the plurality of antenna element units are arranged in a straight line.
  • the feed conductor 21 and the bottom plate 11 The dielectric sheet 16 is disposed in between; in FIGS. 6 and 7 , the sealed cavity 17 is disposed in the through hole 131 of the bottom plate 11 . Referring to FIG.
  • the resonant mechanism 20 and the radiation plate assembly 30 of the antenna array are arranged in two rows in a straight line.
  • the antenna array includes a plurality of the resonant mechanisms 20 and the radiation plate components 30 arranged in an orderly manner, which can effectively improve the working efficiency of the antenna array.
  • the plurality of resonant mechanisms 20 and radiation plate assemblies 30 of the antenna array can also be arranged in a ring.
  • the feed conductors 21 of two or more resonant mechanisms 20 are connected to each other, which can improve the installation efficiency of the antenna array and simplify the power supply structure of the antenna array to facilitate power supply for all antenna element units.
  • the feed conductor 21 , the reflective plate 13 , the bottom plate 11 and the air/dielectric plate between the reflective plate 13 and the bottom plate 11 together form a strip line.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了天线振子单元及天线阵列，所述天线振子单元墙体，围绕形成安装空间；反射板，设置于所述安装空间的内壁，并将所述安装空间分隔为第二腔室和第一腔室；谐振结构，包括设置于所述第一腔室中的馈电导体和设于所述反射板的第一槽；辐射片组件，设置于所述第二腔室，所述馈电导体和所述辐射片组件分别位于所述第一槽的相对两侧。通过所述谐振结构能够通过电磁耦合的方式进行馈电，等效于引入了额外的匹配电路，有利于宽带天线振子单元的阻抗匹配。

Description

天线振子单元及天线阵列 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域，进一步地涉及天线振子单元及天线阵列。
背景技术
第五代移动通信技术(5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology，简称5G)是具有高速率、低延时和大连接特点的新一代宽带移动通信技术，是实现人机物互联的网络基础设施。
近年来，随着5G基站应用场景的多样化，许多场合对5G基站天线振子的结构要求越来越高，传统频段窄、厚度高、重量重、加载损耗大、操作工序复杂、连接难度高的5G天线振子已经不能够满足使用需求。
因此，对现有的5G天线振子单元进行改进以提高对场景的适应能力便变得尤为重要。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，本发明的目的在于提供天线振子单元及天线阵列，通过所述谐振结构能够通过电磁耦合的方式进行馈电，等效于引入了额外的匹配电路，有利于宽带天线振子单元的阻抗匹配。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供天线振子单元，包括：
墙体，围绕形成安装空间；
反射板，设置于所述安装空间的内壁，并将所述安装空间分隔为第一腔室和第二腔室；
谐振结构，包括设置于所述第一腔室中的馈电导体和设于所述反射板的第一槽；
辐射片组件，设置于所述第二腔室，所述馈电导体和所述辐射片组件分别位于所述第一槽的相对两侧。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，所述反射板的预设位置设有对应所述馈电导体的第二槽，所述第二槽连通所述第二腔室和所述第一腔室。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，所述第一槽和所述第二槽旋转对称设 置。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，所述第一槽、所述第二槽中的至少一个的形状是工字型槽。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，所述反射板上具有槽体单元，所述槽体单元包括至少两个相互旋转对称设置的所述第一槽。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，所述天线振子单元还包括设置于所述第一腔室中并且位于所述馈电导体和所述底板之间的介质片，所述介质片与所述辐射片组件相对设置。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，所述介质片与所述墙体一体成型。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，涂覆于所述第一腔室的内壁预设位置的涂层形成介质片。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，所述介质片的介电常数大于8.5。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，在达到相同天线性能的情况下，以空气作为介质时，所述第一腔室具有第一厚度，以所述介质片作为介质时，所述第一腔室具有第二厚度，满足(第一厚度/第二厚度)^2＝所述介质片的介电常数。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，所述墙体包括底板和侧板，所述侧板设置于所述底板侧一侧，并且所述侧板环绕形成所述安装空间，所述底板对应所述馈电导体的位置开设有通孔。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，所述墙体还包括设置于所述底板的所述通孔的密封腔体，所述密封腔体围绕形成连通所述通孔的中空腔，所述密封腔体远离所述底板的一端封闭。
根据本发明的另一方面，进一步提供天线阵列，包括：上述任一项所述的天线振子单元，所述天线振子单元包括两个以上的所述谐振机构和所述辐射片组件，两个以上的所述谐振机构和两个以上的所述辐射片组件一一对应并呈阵列式排布。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中，两个以上的所述谐振机构的所述馈电导体相互连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明所提供的所述天线振子单元及天线阵列具有 以下至少一条有益效果：
1.本发明所提供的天线振子单元及天线阵列，通过所述谐振结构能够通过电磁耦合的方式进行馈电，等效于引入了额外的匹配电路，有利于宽带天线振子单元的阻抗匹配；
2.本发明所提供的天线振子单元及天线阵列，采用LC电磁耦合馈电的方式，减少了馈电网络和振子单元的焊接，减少了无源互调的风险，并且减少了焊接带来的天线端口不一致；
3.本发明所提供的天线振子单元及天线阵列，通过在反射板上设置对应辐射片组件的作为非LC谐振部分的第二槽，能够用于提高所述辐射片组件与所述腔体之间两个极化产生的场的正交性，以提高远场方向图的交叉极化对成型；
4.本发明所提供的天线振子单元及天线阵列，通过在馈电导体和底板之间设置所述介质片，等效于拉远了所述馈电导体与所述底板之间的距离，能够便于辐射场通过所述谐振结构所构成的耦合结构耦合到所述辐射片组件中；
5.本发明所提供的天线振子单元及天线阵列，天线振子单元还包括设置于底板上的通孔的腔体，所述腔体围绕形成连通所述通孔的中空腔，所述腔体靠近所述反射板的一端延伸进入所述第一腔室，并且所述馈电导体对应所述中空腔设置，等效于拉远了所述馈电导体与所述底板之间的距离，能够便于辐射场通过所述谐振结构所构成的耦合结构耦合到所述辐射片组件中。
附图说明
下面将以明确易懂的方式，结合附图说明优选实施方式，对本发明的上述特性、技术特征、优点及其实现方式予以进一步说明。
图1是本发明的优选实施例的天线振子单元的立体图结构示意图；
图2是本发明的优选实施例的天线振子单元的分解结构示意图；
图3是本发明的优选实施例的天线振子单元无第二槽时的方向图；
图4是本发明的优选实施例的天线振子单元设有第二槽时的方向图；
图5是本发明的优选实施例的天线阵列的一实施例的分解结构示意图；
图6是本发明的优选实施例的天线阵列的第二优选实施例的整体结构示意图；
图7是本发明的优选实施例的天线阵列的第二优选实施例的分解结构示意图；
图8是本发明的优选实施例的天线阵列的第三优选实施例的立体结构示意图。
附图标号说明：
墙体10，底板11，侧板12，反射板13，第二槽130，通孔131，安装空间14，第一腔室141，第二腔室142，介质片16，密封腔体17，中空腔170，谐振结构20，馈电导体21，第一槽22，辐射片组件30，第一层辐射片31，第二层辐射片32。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图，并获得其他的实施方式。
为使图面简洁，各图中只示意性地表示出了与发明相关的部分，它们并不代表其作为产品的实际结构。另外，以使图面简洁便于理解，在有些图中具有相同结构或功能的部件，仅示意性地绘示了其中的一个，或仅标出了其中的一个。在本文中，“一个”不仅表示“仅此一个”，也可以表示“多于一个”的情形。
还应当进一步理解，在本申请说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语“和/或”是指相关联列出的项中的一个或多个的任何组合以及所有可能组合，并且包括这些组合。
在本文中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
另外，在本申请的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
本发明优选实施例所提供的天线阵列单元包括墙体10、谐振结构20、辐射片组件30以及反射板13。所述墙体10围绕形成安装空间14，所述反射板13设置于所述安装空间14的内壁，并将所述安装空间14分隔为第一腔室141和第二腔室142。所述谐振结构20包括设置于所述第一腔室141中的馈电导体21和设于所述反射板13的第一槽，优选地，所述反射板13上连通所述第一腔室141和所述第二腔室142的第一槽22形成所述第一槽。所述辐射片组件30设置于所述第二腔室142，所述馈电导体21和所述辐射片组件30分别位于所述第一槽22的相对两侧。
需要指出的是，在本优选实施例中，通过所述谐振结构20能够通过电磁耦合的方式进行馈电，等效于引入了额外的匹配电路，有利于宽带天线振子单元的阻抗匹配。优选地，所述谐振结构20是LC电磁耦合结构。所述馈电导体21设置于所述第一腔室141能够减少对所述第二腔室142空间的占用，也就是能够减少反射板正面天线振子单元空间的占用，天线振子单元的高度才得以降低。
所述馈电导体21和所述第一槽22作为一个组合体形成LC谐振结构，所述馈电导体21等效于电感，所述第一槽22等效于电容，所述馈电导体21通电后产生的场通过所述第一槽22耦合到所述辐射片组件30，通过所述辐射片组件30将能量辐射到空间中。所述馈电导体21、所述反射板13、第一腔室14与所述反射板13相对的侧壁以及所述第一腔室14中的空气/介质板共同构成带状线。
还需要指出的是，采用LC电磁耦合馈电的方式，减少了馈电网络和 振子单元的焊接，减少了无源互调的风险，并且减少了焊接带来的天线端口不一致。
具体地，所述辐射片组件30进一步包括第一层辐射片31和第二层辐射片32，所述第二层辐射片32位于所述第一层辐射片31和所述反射板13之间。所述第二层辐射片32是主辐射片，天线振子的辐射场主要存在与所述第二层辐射片32和所述墙体10之间，其主要决定了天线振子的方向图辐射特性工作频段。所述第一层辐射片31用于展开天线振子的工作频带，提高天线方向图的波束收敛性。
所述天线振子单元进一步包括支撑件(图中未示出)，所述支撑件的一端连接于所述辐射片组件30，另一端连接于所述墙体10或所述反射板13，用于固定所述辐射片组件30。
在一些变形实施方式中，所述反射板13上具有槽体单元，所述槽体单元包括至少两个相互旋转对称设置的所述第一槽22，能够提高所述辐射片组件30与所述第二腔室142的侧壁之间极化产生的场的正交性。
参考图2，所述反射板13的预设位置设有对应所述馈电导体21的第二槽130，所述第二槽130连通所述第二腔室142和所述第一腔室141，用于提高所述辐射片组件30与所述第二腔室142的侧壁之间极化产生的场的正交性。
需要指出的是，所述第二槽130作为非LC谐振部分，其主要作用是用于提高所述辐射片组件30与所述墙体10之间两个极化产生的场的正交性，以提高远场方向图的交叉极化对成型。
优选地，所述第二槽130和所述第一槽22的数量分别是两个以上，并且所述第一槽22和所述第二槽130旋转对称设置。在一些变形实施方式中，所述第一槽22和所述第二槽130还能够采用非对称的方式设置，能够根据实际使用需要进行调整，只要能够实现所述天线振子单元整体所产生的场的正交性满足条件即可。优选地，所述第二槽130和所述第一槽22的数量相同。在一些变形实施方式中，所述第二槽130和所述第一槽22的数量也可以不同，只要能够实现所述天线振子单元整体所产生的场的正交性满足条件即可，所述第二槽130和所述第一槽22的具体数量不应当构成对本申 请的限制。
优选地，所述第一槽22、所述第二槽130中的至少一个的形状工字型槽。在一定的长度范围内，将所述第一槽22和所述第二槽130的形状开设为工字型，能够增加空间利用率，提高馈电效率。在一些变形实施方式中，所述第一槽22和所述第二槽130还能够是长条型、圆形或者其他不规则的形状，所述第一槽22和所述第二槽130的具体形状不应当构成对本发明的限制。
参考图3，其显示有所述反射板13上仅设有所述第一槽22时所产生的方向图结构，其交叉极化对称性较弱。参考图4，其显示有所述反射板13上同时设有所述第一槽22和所述第二槽130时的方向图，其交叉极化的对称性明显提高。在图3和图4中，横坐标是天线方向图水平面角度，纵坐标是方向图在各个角度的电平值，方向图越高表示交叉极化性能越好。通过在所述反射板13所述第一槽22的周边旋转对称开设所述第二槽130，所述馈电导体21所产生的信号能够更加均匀地向所述第二腔室142传播，能够有效地提高所述天线振子单元的交叉极化性，对于提高单元方向图的交叉极化对成型有重要的意义。
参考图2，进一步地，所述天线振子单元还包括设置于所述第一腔室141中并且位于所述馈电导体21和所述底板11之间的介质片16，所述介质片16与所述辐射片组件30相对设置。参考图2，所述介质片16与所述辐射片组件30相对设置指的是所述介质片16的至少一部分位于所述辐射片组件30的正下方。
需要指出的是，所述介质片16是具有高DK(Dielectric Constant，介质常数)的介质片，所述介质片16的介质常数大于8.5。位于所述第一腔室141中的所述馈电导体21与所述底板11之间的距离很小，优选小于2mm，所以辐射场近乎被束缚到了所述馈电导体21与所述底板11之间的空间，能量不能够有效地通过所述谐振结构20所构成的LC耦合结构耦合到所述辐射片组件30。在本优选实施例中，通过在所述馈电导体21和所述底板11之间设置所述介质片16，等效于拉远了所述馈电导体21与所述底板11之间的距离，能够便于辐射场通过所述谐振结构20所构成的LC耦合 结构耦合到所述辐射片组件30中。
通过在所述第一腔室141中设置所述介质片16能够有效地减小所述反射板13与所述底板11之间的距离，减小所述第一腔室141的厚度。在达到相同天线性能的情况下，以空气作为介质时，所述第一腔室141具有第一厚度，以所述介质片16作为介质时，所述第一腔室141具有第二厚度，满足(第一厚度/第二厚度)^2＝所述介质片16的介电常数。
在一些变形实施方式中，所述介质片16与所述墙体10一体成型，能够减小所述第一腔室141的厚度，有助于进一步减小天线振子单元的整体厚度。在一些变形实施方式中，所述第一腔室141的内壁预设位置涂覆的一层介质常数大于8.5的涂层形成所述介质片16。
进一步地，所述墙体10包括底板11和侧板12。所述侧板12设置于所述底板11的一侧，并且所述侧板12环绕形成所述安装空间14，所述底板11对应所述馈电导体21的位置开设有通孔131，通过在所述底板11上开设所述通孔131能够有利于所述谐振结构20产生的能量耦合到所述辐射片组件30中。需要指出的是，所述侧板12只要能够环绕形成所述安装空间14，所述侧板12的形状不应当构成对本申请的限制。举例但不限于，所述侧板12是一个环形侧板，围绕形成截面是环形的所述安装空间14；所述侧板12包括三条以上首尾相互连接的子侧板，三条以上首尾相互连接的子侧板围绕形成所述安装空间14。
参考图6和图7，进一步地，所述天线振子单元还包括设置于所述底板11的所述通孔131的密封腔体17，所述密封腔体17围绕形成连通所述通孔131的中空腔170，所述密封腔体17远离所述底板11的一端封闭。所述密封腔体17能够实现增加谐振距离的效果，并且远离所述底板11的一端封闭还能够起到防止谐振波泄漏的技术问题。
优选地，所述密封腔体17的截面形状是圆环形。可选地，所述密封腔体17的形状还能够是多边形或者不规则图形。
进一步地，所述密封腔体17远离所述反射板13的一端伸出所述底板11，从而能够在保持所述密封腔体17的长度不变的情况小减小所述底板11与所述反射板13之间的距离。
本发明进一步提供天线阵列，所述天线阵列包括所述天线振子单元，所述天线振子单元包括两个以上的所述谐振机构20和所述辐射片组件30，两个以上的所述谐振机构20和两个以上的所述辐射片组件30一一对应并呈阵列式排布。参考图5、图6以及图7，多个所述天线振子单元的所述谐振机构20和所述辐射片组件30呈直线排列，在图5中，所述馈电导体21和所述底板11之间的设置有所述介质片16；在图6和图7中，所述底板11的所述通孔131中设有所述密封腔体17。参考图8，所述天线阵列的所述谐振机构20和所述辐射片组件30分列两排呈直线排列。所述天线阵列包括多个有序排列的所述谐振机构20和所述辐射片组件30能够有效地提高天线阵列的工作效率。在一些变形实施方式中，所述天线阵列的多个所述谐振机构20和所述辐射片组件30还能够是环形排列。
优选地，两个以上的所述谐振机构20的所述馈电导体21相互连接，能够提高天线阵列的安装效率，还能够简化天线阵列的供电结构，便于为所有的天线振子单元供电。所述馈电导体21、所述反射板13、所述底板11以及所述反射板13与所述底板11之间的空气/介质板共同构成带状线。
应当说明的是，上述实施例均可根据需要自由组合。以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 天线振子单元，其特征在于，包括：
    墙体，围绕形成安装空间；
    反射板，设置于所述安装空间的内壁，并将所述安装空间分隔为第一腔室和第二腔室；
    谐振结构，包括设置于所述第一腔室中的馈电导体和设于所述反射板的第一槽；
    辐射片组件，设置于所述第二腔室，所述馈电导体和所述辐射片组件分别位于所述第一槽的相对两侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线振子单元，其特征在于，所述反射板的预设位置设有对应所述馈电导体的第二槽，所述第二槽连通所述第二腔室和所述第一腔室。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线振子单元，其特征在于，所述第一槽和所述第二槽旋转对称设置。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的天线振子单元，其特征在于，所述第一槽、所述第二槽中的至少一个的形状是工字型槽。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天线振子单元，其特征在于，所述反射板上具有槽体单元，所述槽体单元包括至少两个相互旋转对称设置的所述第一槽。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的天线振子单元，其特征在于，还包括设置于所述第一腔室中并且位于所述馈电导体和所述底板之间的介质片，所述介质片与所述辐射片组件相对设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线振子单元，其特征在于，所述介质片与所述墙体一体成型。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的天线振子单元，其特征在于，涂覆于所述第一腔室的内壁预设位置的涂层形成介质片。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的天线振子单元，其特征在于，所述介质片的介电常数大于8.5。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的天线振子单元，其特征在于，在达到相同天线性能的情况下，以空气作为介质时，所述第一腔室具有第一厚度，以所述介质片作为介质时，所述第一腔室具有第二厚度，满足(第一厚度/第二厚度)^2＝所述介质片的介电常数。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述的天线振子单元，其特征在于，所述墙体包括底板和侧板，所述侧板设置于所述底板侧一侧，并且所述侧板环绕形成所述安装空间，所述底板对应所述馈电导体的位置开设有通孔。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的天线振子单元，其特征在于，所述墙体还包括设置于所述底板的所述通孔的密封腔体，所述密封腔体围绕形成连通所述通孔的中空腔，所述密封腔体远离所述底板的一端封闭。
  13. 天线阵列，其特征在于，包括：权利要求1-12中任一项所述的天线振子单元，所述天线振子单元包括两个以上的所述谐振机构和所述辐射片组件，两个以上的所述谐振机构和两个以上的所述辐射片组件一一对应并呈阵列式排布。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的天线阵列，其特征在于，两个以上的所述谐振机构的所述馈电导体相互连接。
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