WO2023197548A1 - 一种多孔密封板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多孔密封板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023197548A1
WO2023197548A1 PCT/CN2022/125799 CN2022125799W WO2023197548A1 WO 2023197548 A1 WO2023197548 A1 WO 2023197548A1 CN 2022125799 W CN2022125799 W CN 2022125799W WO 2023197548 A1 WO2023197548 A1 WO 2023197548A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sealing plate
core material
film
porous sealing
porous
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/125799
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈照峰
杨丽霞
Original Assignee
南京航空航天大学
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Application filed by 南京航空航天大学 filed Critical 南京航空航天大学
Priority to GB2218128.3A priority Critical patent/GB2621902A/en
Publication of WO2023197548A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023197548A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00145—Vacuum, e.g. partial vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B29D7/01—Films or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/0053—Producing sealings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/04—Arrangements using dry fillers, e.g. using slag wool which is added to the object to be insulated by pouring, spreading, spraying or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/242—Slab shaped vacuum insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of sealing plates, and in particular to a porous sealing plate and a preparation method thereof.
  • the porous sealing plate is composed of a filling core material and a protective surface barrier film material through vacuum packaging. It can effectively avoid heat transfer caused by air convection, significantly reduce the thermal conductivity, and achieve ideal thermal insulation effects such as heat preservation, energy saving and environmental protection. It can play a huge role in building insulation, cold chain logistics, oil and gas pipelines and aerospace insulation. In practical applications, due to the vacuum sealing structure of the porous sealing plate itself, it is generally only made into regular square and rectangular plate structures, such as Chinese patents CN215212018U and CN110762204B. It is difficult to make structures with complex shapes, precise dimensions or holes.
  • Complex shapes or porous structures can easily lead to damage to the membrane and collapse of the core material, thus limiting its scope of use, such as solar water heaters, special-shaped pipes and thermal pipes for low-temperature liquefied natural gas and petroleum gas, or low-temperature refrigerated ships and refrigerated containers.
  • the pipeline requires the use of complex structural porous sealing plates. There is an urgent need to develop complex structure porous sealing plates to meet the thermal insulation requirements of complex structures and adapt to thermal insulation in different application environments.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a porous sealing plate and a preparation method thereof.
  • the invention realizes the free design of the shape and inner hole structure of the complex-structured porous sealing plate, breaks through the single and unchanged structural appearance characteristics caused by the vacuum sealing of the traditional porous sealing plate, adapts to the thermal insulation of complex structures, and broadens its application scope.
  • the invention provides a porous sealing plate, which includes a surrounding frame 1, a core material 4, a getter 3 and a film material 2.
  • the getter 3 is located inside the core material 4, and the core material 4 has an opening.
  • the core material 4 is inorganic powder and/or fiber;
  • the surrounding frame 1 has a continuous shape structure, the material of the surrounding frame 1 is engineering plastics, the surrounding frame 1 is located on the periphery and core of the core material 4
  • the material 4 has openings or is located on both the periphery and the inside of the core material 4;
  • the membrane material 2 is an aluminum-plastic composite film, a polyimide composite film, a metallized film or an inorganic non-metallic coating plastic composite film.
  • the membrane material wraps the surface of the core material.
  • the engineering plastic is nylon PA, polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate, polyimide or polyurethane.
  • the inner and/or outer surface of the enclosure 1 further includes an infrared reflective coating and/or an infrared reflective film layer.
  • the getter 3 is CaO composite powder and/or CaCl 2 composite powder.
  • the particle size of the getter 3 is 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the composite powder in the CaO composite powder and CaCl 2 composite powder independently includes zirconium aluminum 16 getter, zirconium graphite getter, zirconium nickel getter and zirconium iron vanadium getter. one or more.
  • a hot-melt adhesive film is also contained between the enclosure 1 and the film material 2, and the hot-melt adhesive film is made of the film material or engineering plastic by hot melting.
  • the thickness of the hot melt adhesive film is 30-100 ⁇ m
  • the material is polyethylene PE film, polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer EVA adhesive film, polyester PET adhesive film, nylon 66PA adhesive film, polyethylene Olefin PO film or polyurethane TPU film.
  • the mass fraction of inorganic powder in the core material 4 is 30% to 80%.
  • the inorganic powder is silica nanopowder, a mixture of silica and glass fiber, a mixture of fumed silica and microsilica powder, a mixture of fumed silica and volcanic ash, a mixture of fumed silica and marble powder Or a mixture of fumed silica and slag powder.
  • the fiber is flame glass fiber wool or centrifugal glass fiber wool.
  • the fiber content in the core material 4 is 15 to 69 wt%.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the porous sealing plate described in the above technical solution, which includes the following steps:
  • the composite core material structure is loaded into the membrane material 2 and then packaged to obtain a semi-finished sealing plate;
  • the engineering plastic located inside the core material 4 and the unheat-sealed film material on the outer surface of the enclosure 1 are removed to obtain the porous sealing plate.
  • the heat sealing temperature is 100-500°C and the pressure is 0.1-0.5MPa.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Through the internal vacuum environment of the porous sealing plate and the openings of the core material 4 with micro-nano pores, the heat transfer caused by air convection is effectively avoided and ultra-low heat is obtained.
  • the conductivity and thermal conductivity are as low as 1.6mW/(m ⁇ K); (2) By controlling the structure of the engineering plastic enclosure 1, free design of the shape and inner hole structure of the complex porous sealing plate is achieved, breaking through the traditional porous sealing plate vacuum The single and unchanged structural appearance characteristics caused by sealing are suitable for thermal insulation of complex structures and broaden its application scope; (3)
  • the engineering plastic frame significantly improves the flatness of the shape or inner hole of the porous sealing plate, and the edges are neat, precise, and The roughness is small and it is not easily deformed; (4) the excellent infrared reflection performance of the membrane material 2 significantly reduces infrared heat radiation, thereby further reducing the thermal conductivity; (5) the outer surface of the enclosure 1 also includes an infrared reflective paint layer, further Reduce thermal conductivity.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the porous sealing plate described in the above technical solution.
  • the manufacturing method of the present invention is simple, convenient and low-cost.
  • the present invention breaks through the limitations of vacuum packaging structures by presetting engineering plastic fences and combining heat sealing processes, and prepares porous sealing plates with complex structures to meet the thermal insulation needs of different structures in complex environments.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a porous sealing plate, which includes a surrounding frame 1, a core material 4, a getter 3 and a film material 2.
  • the getter 3 is located inside the core material 4, and the core material 4 has an opening.
  • the core material 4 is inorganic powder and/or fiber;
  • the surrounding frame 1 has a continuous shape structure, the material of the surrounding frame 1 is engineering plastics, the surrounding frame 1 is located on the periphery and core of the core material 4
  • the material 4 has openings or is located on both the periphery and the inside of the core material 4;
  • the membrane material 2 is an aluminum-plastic composite film, a polyimide composite film, a metallized film or an inorganic non-metallic coating plastic composite film.
  • the membrane material wraps the surface of the core material.
  • the raw materials used are all commercially available products in this field.
  • the porous sealing plate includes a surrounding frame 1.
  • the present invention has no special limitation on the shape of the surrounding frame 1. It can be designed according to the needs of those skilled in the art, such as a plum blossom shape.
  • the engineering plastic is preferably nylon PA, polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate, polyimide or polyurethane.
  • the outer surface of the enclosure 1 preferably further includes an infrared reflective paint layer.
  • the present invention has no special limitation on the specific composition of the infrared reflective paint layer, and it is prepared by coating with infrared reflective paint that is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the porous sealing plate includes a getter 3, and the getter 3 is preferably CaO composite powder and/or CaCl2 composite powder.
  • the composite powder preferably includes one or more of zirconium aluminum 16 getter, zirconium graphite getter, zirconium nickel getter and zirconium iron vanadium getter.
  • the particle size of the getter 3 is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the content of the getter 3 in the core material 4 is preferably 1 to 5 wt%.
  • the inorganic powder is preferably fumed silica, a mixture of fumed silica and microsilica powder, a mixture of fumed silica and volcanic ash, a mixture of fumed silica and marble powder, or a mixture of fumed silica and slag. Powder mixture.
  • the mass fraction of inorganic powder in the core material 4 is preferably 30% to 80%.
  • the fiber is preferably flame glass fiber wool or centrifugal glass fiber wool.
  • the fiber content in the core material 4 is preferably 15 to 69 wt%.
  • the hot-melt adhesive film there is preferably a hot-melt adhesive film between the enclosure 1 and the film material 2.
  • the hot-melt adhesive film is preferably made of the film material or engineering plastic through hot melting. The innermost layer is hot-melted to obtain the hot-melt adhesive film, or the engineering plastic is preferably coated with a hot-melt adhesive film material before use, and the hot-melt adhesive film material is hot-melted to obtain the hot-melt adhesive film.
  • the film thickness of the hot melt adhesive film is preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ m, and the material is preferably polyethylene PE film, polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer EVA film, polyester PET Film, nylon 66PA film, polyolefin PO film or polyurethane TPU film.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the porous sealing plate described in the above technical solution, which includes the following steps:
  • the composite core material structure is loaded into the membrane material 2 and then packaged to obtain a semi-finished sealing plate;
  • the engineering plastic located inside the core material 1 and the unheat-sealed film material on the outer surface of the enclosure 1 are removed to obtain the porous sealing plate.
  • the engineering plastic board is cut and processed into the surrounding frame 1.
  • the present invention preferably cuts the engineering plastic board and processes it into an engineering plastic enclosing frame.
  • the present invention has no special limitations on the specific method of processing, and methods well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
  • the enclosing frame 1 and the film material 2 preferably further contain a hot melt adhesive film
  • the hot melt adhesive film is preferably made of the engineering plastic through hot melting
  • the engineering plastic plate is It is preferable to apply hot melt adhesive material before cutting, and the hot melt adhesive material is heat melted to form the hot melt adhesive film.
  • the present invention embeds the enclosing frame 1 with the core material 4 to form a composite core material structure.
  • the core material 4 is preferably dried before use.
  • the enclosing frame 1 is embedded into the cut holes in the core material 4, or the core material 4 is embedded into the enclosing frame 1 to form a composite core material structure to fix the position and prevent displacement.
  • the present invention puts the composite core material structure into the membrane material 2 and then encapsulates it to obtain a semi-finished sealing plate.
  • the membrane material 2 is preferably dried before use.
  • the film material 2 is preferably used in the form of a film material bag.
  • the composite core material structure is preferably packed into a film material bag.
  • the bagged composite core material structure into a vacuum packaging machine, press the plate on the film material bag to avoid uneven packaging, smooth the upper and lower layers of the heat sealing film, then put down the vacuum chamber cover, and vacuum the cover. Really, heat the heat-sealing metal strip, and the metal strip will conduct heat to the inner hot-melt adhesive film of the film material bag, so that the upper and lower hot-melt adhesive films are melted and bonded.
  • the present invention preferably cuts off the power and cools down, deflates into the vacuum chamber, and opens the lid to obtain the semi-finished sealing plate.
  • the present invention heat-seals the surface of the semi-finished product of the sealing plate again, and removes the outer surface of the engineering plastic located inside the core material 4 and the outer surface membrane material of the surrounding frame 1 to obtain the porous seal. plate.
  • the location of the engineering plastic on the semi-finished plane of the sealing plate it is preferable to find the location of the engineering plastic on the semi-finished plane of the sealing plate, heat seal it on the film material above the location of the engineering plastic, and achieve dense bonding between the engineering plastic and the film material through hot melting. .
  • the heat sealing temperature is preferably 100-500°C, more preferably 150-300°C, and the pressure is preferably 0.1-0.5MPa, more preferably 0.2-0.3MPa.
  • the inner and/or outer surface of the enclosure 1 preferably further includes an infrared reflective coating and/or an infrared reflective film layer.
  • the infrared reflective coating is preferably formed by spraying infrared reflective paint
  • the infrared reflective film layer is preferably formed by bonding an infrared reflective film.
  • the heat sealing after the heat sealing is completed, it also includes placing the getter 3 inside the core material 4 to obtain the porous sealing plate.
  • porous sealing plate and its preparation method provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
  • a porous sealing plate with a plum blossom shape containing circular holes, with a thickness of 0.01m, a maximum of 0.5m from the center of the plum blossom shape to the edge, and a circular hole diameter of 1cm consists of a frame, core material, air suction It is composed of agent and film material.
  • the frame has a continuous shape structure and is processed from engineering plastics.
  • the engineering plastic is polyurethane.
  • the number of frames is 8.
  • One plum blossom-shaped frame is located on the periphery of the core material, and 7 circular frames are located on the periphery of the core material.
  • the core material has internal openings; the main body of the core material is a mixture of nano-silica powder and centrifugal glass fiber wool.
  • the nano-silica powder content is 30wt% and is wrapped by a frame and a membrane material;
  • the getter is CaO composite powder , the getter is placed inside the core material, and the getter content in the core material is 3wt%;
  • the membrane material is a metalized film, located on the upper and lower surfaces of the core material plane; engineering plastics are hot-melt bonded to the membrane material through hot pressing technology;
  • the manufacturing method includes the following steps:
  • the engineering plastic board is cut and processed into 8 engineering plastic rings;
  • the metal strip conducts heat to the inner hot-melt adhesive film of the membrane material, so that the upper and lower hot-melt adhesive films are melted and bonded;
  • hot-melt adhesive film there is a layer of hot-melt adhesive film at the connection between the engineering plastic frame and the membrane material to form a composite laminate.
  • the thickness of the hot-melt adhesive film is 50 ⁇ m, and the hot-melt adhesive film is polyester PET film.
  • the thermal conductivity test of the porous sealing plate produced in this example shows that the thermal conductivity is 3mW/(m ⁇ K).
  • a complex structure porous sealing plate has a thickness of 0.02m, the highest top and bottom are 0.5m, the widest left and right are 0.3m, the side length of the two square stacked blocks at the lower end is 0.05m, and the peanut-shaped hole at the upper end is the highest up and down. It is 0.07m, the widest on the left and right is 0.03m, and the narrowest on the left and right is 0.02m. It is composed of a frame, core material, getter and membrane material. The frame has a continuous structure and is processed from engineering plastics.
  • Engineering plastics are Nylon PA, the number of frames is 3, 1 frame is located on the periphery of the core material, and 2 frames are located in the inner opening of the core material;
  • the main body of the core material is fumed silica inorganic powder, which is wrapped by the frame and membrane material ;
  • the getter is CaO composite powder, the content of the getter in the core material is 1wt%, and the getter is placed inside the core material;
  • the membrane material is an aluminum-plastic composite film, located on the upper and lower surfaces of the core material plane; engineering plastics pass Hot pressing technology and hot melt bonding of membrane materials.
  • the manufacturing method includes the following steps:
  • Hot melt adhesive material is sprayed on the surface of the engineering plastic board and solidified, then cut and processed into 3 engineering plastic rings;
  • the membrane material bag is rectangular, leaving one side open;
  • hot-melt adhesive film there is a layer of hot-melt adhesive film at the connection between the engineering plastic frame and the membrane material to form a composite laminate.
  • the thickness of the hot-melt adhesive film is 50 ⁇ m, and the hot-melt adhesive film is a polyethylene PE film.
  • the thermal conductivity test of the porous sealing plate produced in this example shows that the thermal conductivity is 5mW/(m ⁇ K).
  • a complex structure porous sealing plate has a thickness of 0.03m, the widest left and right parts are 1m, the vertical maximum is 0.7m, and the top circle radius is 0.5m. It is composed of a surrounding frame, core material, and getter It consists of a continuous shape structure and a membrane material.
  • the surrounding frame is made of engineering plastics.
  • the engineering plastic is polyimide.
  • the surrounding frame is located on the periphery of the core material.
  • the main body of the core material is centrifugal glass fiber cotton, surrounded by the surrounding frame and membrane material.
  • the getter is CaCl 2 composite powder, the content of the getter in the core material is 5wt%, placed inside the core material;
  • the membrane material is a polyimide composite film, located on the surface of the core material plane; engineering plastics pass
  • the hot-pressing technology is hot-melt bonded with the membrane material.
  • the outer surface of the frame has an infrared reflective film layer with a thickness of 0.1mm.
  • the manufacturing method includes the following steps:
  • the metal strip conducts heat to the inner hot-melt adhesive film of the membrane material, so that the upper and lower hot-melt adhesive films are melted and bonded;
  • hot-melt adhesive film there is a layer of hot-melt adhesive film at the connection between the engineering plastic frame and the membrane material to form a composite laminate.
  • the thickness of the hot-melt adhesive film is 50 ⁇ m, and the hot-melt adhesive film is a polyethylene PE film.
  • the thermal conductivity test of the porous sealing plate produced in this example shows that the thermal conductivity is 1.6mW/(m ⁇ K).

Abstract

本发明提供了一种多孔密封板及其制备方法，属于密封板技术领域。包括围框、芯材、吸气剂和膜材，吸气剂位于芯材的内部，芯材具有开孔，芯材为无机粉体和/或纤维；围框具有连续外形结构，围框的材质为工程塑料，围框位于芯材的外围、芯材开孔或同时位于芯材的外围与内部开孔；膜材为铝塑复合膜、聚酰亚胺复合膜、金属化膜或无机非金属涂层塑料复合膜，膜材包裹所述芯材的表面。通过控制工程塑料围框结构，实现复杂结构多孔密封板外形与内孔结构的自由设计，突破了传统多孔密封板真空密封导致的单一不变的结构外形特征，适应复杂结构的保温隔热，拓宽其应用范围，且工程塑料围框提高多孔密封板外形或内孔的平整度，不易变形。

Description

一种多孔密封板及其制备方法
本申请要求于2022年4月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN202210396382.9、发明名称为“一种多孔密封板及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及密封板技术领域，尤其涉及一种多孔密封板及其制备方法。
背景技术
多孔密封板由填充芯材与保护表层阻隔膜材经真空封装复合而成的，可有效避免空气对流引起的热传递，大幅度降低导热系数，达到保温、节能和环保等较为理想的绝热效果，能够在建筑保温、冷链物流、油气管道和航空航天保温发挥巨大作用。在实际应用中，由于多孔密封板本身的真空密封结构，一般只做成规则正方形和长方形的板状结构，如中国专利CN215212018U和CN110762204B，很难做成具有外形复杂、尺寸精密或带孔结构。复杂外形或带孔结构易导致膜材损伤和芯材塌陷，从而限制了它的使用范围，如太阳能热水器、低温液化天然气与石油气等的异形管道与热力管道，或者冷藏船舶与冷藏集装箱的低温管路需要使用复杂结构多孔密封板。亟需开发复杂结构多孔密封板，以满足复杂结构的保温要求，适应不同应用环境的绝热保温。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种多孔密封板及其制备方法。本发明实现复杂结构多孔密封板外形与内孔结构的自由设计，突破了传统多孔密封板真空密封导致的单一不变的结构外形特征，适应复杂结构的保温隔热，拓宽其应用范围。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种多孔密封板，包括围框1、芯材4、吸气剂3和膜材2，所述吸气剂3位于所述芯材4的内部，所述芯材4具有开孔，所述 芯材4为无机粉体和/或纤维；所述围框1具有连续外形结构，所述围框1的材质为工程塑料，所述围框1位于芯材4的外围、芯材4开孔或同时位于芯材4的外围与内部开孔；所述膜材2为铝塑复合膜、聚酰亚胺复合膜、金属化膜或无机非金属涂层塑料复合膜，所述膜材包裹所述芯材的表面。
优选地，所述工程塑料为尼龙PA、聚四氟乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺或聚氨酯。
优选地，所述围框1的内和/或外表面还包括红外反射涂层和/或红外反射膜层。
优选地，所述吸气剂3为CaO复合粉体和/或CaCl 2复合粉体。
优选地，所述吸气剂3的粒径为1～100μm。
优选地，所述CaO复合粉体和CaCl 2复合粉体中的复合粉体独立地包括锆铝16吸气剂、锆石墨吸气剂、锆镍吸气剂和锆铁钒吸气剂中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述围框1与膜材2之间还含有热熔胶膜，所述热熔胶膜由所述膜材或工程塑料通过热熔制得。
优选地，所述热熔胶膜的膜层厚度为30～100μm，材质为聚乙烯PE膜、聚乙烯-聚醋酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA胶膜、聚酯PET胶膜、尼龙66PA胶膜、聚烯烃PO胶膜或聚氨酯型TPU胶膜。
优选地，所述芯材4中无机粉体的质量分数为30％～80％。
优选地，所述无机粉体为二氧化硅纳米粉体、二氧化硅与玻璃纤维混合物、气相二氧化硅与微硅粉混合物、气相二氧化硅与火山灰混合物、气相二氧化硅与大理石粉混合物或气相二氧化硅与炉渣粉混合物。
优选地，所述纤维为火焰玻璃纤维棉或离心玻璃纤维棉。
优选地，所述芯材4中纤维的含量为15～69wt％。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述的多孔密封板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将工程塑料板进行裁切，加工成围框1；
将所述围框1与芯材4嵌合，形成复合芯材结构；
将所述复合芯材结构装入膜材2中后进行封装，得到密封板半成品；
对所述密封板半成品的表面进行热封后，去除位于所述芯材4内部的工程塑料以及所述围框1外表面未热封的膜材，得到所述多孔密封板。
优选地，所述热封的温度为100～500℃，压力为0.1～0.5MPa。
与现有材料及技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：(1)通过多孔密封板内部真空环境与芯材4具有微纳米孔径的开孔，有效避免空气对流引起的热传递，获得超低热导率，导热系数低至1.6mW/(m·K)；(2)通过控制工程塑料围框1结构，实现复杂结构多孔密封板外形与内孔结构的自由设计，突破了传统多孔密封板真空密封导致的单一不变的结构外形特征，适应复杂结构的保温隔热，拓宽其应用范围；(3)通过工程塑料围框显著提高多孔密封板外形或内孔的平整度，边缘齐整、精密、粗糙度小，且不易变形；(4)通过膜材2优良红外反射性能显著降低红外热辐射，从而进一步降低热导率；(5)通过围框1的外表面还包括红外反射涂料层，进一步降低热导率。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述多孔密封板的制备方法，本发明的制造简单方便、成本低廉。本发明通过预置工程塑料围栏结合热封工艺，突破真空封装结构限制，制备出复杂结构多孔密封板，满足复杂环境不同结构保温隔热需求。
说明书附图
图1为本发明实施例1的平面结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1的横截面结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例2的平面结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例3的平面结构示意图；
图中：1-围框；2-膜材；3-吸气剂；4-芯材。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种多孔密封板，包括围框1、芯材4、吸气剂3和膜材2，所述吸气剂3位于所述芯材4的内部，所述芯材4具有开孔，所述芯材4为无机粉体和/或纤维；所述围框1具有连续外形结构，所述围框1的材质为工程塑料，所述围框1位于芯材4的外围、芯材4开孔或同时位于芯材4的外围与内部开孔；所述膜材2为铝塑复合膜、聚酰亚胺复合膜、金属化膜或无机非金属涂层塑料复合膜，所述膜材包裹所述芯材的表 面。
在本发明中，若无特殊说明，使用的原料均为本领域市售商品。
在本发明中，所述多孔密封板包括围框1，本发明对所述围框1的形状没有特殊的限定，根据本领域技术人员的需要设计即可，具体的如梅花外形。
在本发明中，所述工程塑料优选为尼龙PA、聚四氟乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺或聚氨酯。
在本发明中，所述围框1的外表面优选还包括红外反射涂料层。本发明对所述红外反射涂料层的具体组成没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的红外反射涂料进行涂覆制得。
在本发明中，所述多孔密封板包括吸气剂3，所述吸气剂3优选为CaO复合粉体和/或CaCl 2复合粉体。
在本发明中，所述复合粉体优选包括锆铝16吸气剂、锆石墨吸气剂、锆镍吸气剂和锆铁钒吸气剂中的一种或多种。
在本发明中，所述吸气剂3的粒径优选为1～100μm。
在本发明中，所述芯材4中吸气剂3的含量优选为1～5wt％。
在本发明中，所述无机粉体优选为气相二氧化硅、气相二氧化硅与微硅粉混合物、气相二氧化硅与火山灰混合物、气相二氧化硅与大理石粉混合物或气相二氧化硅与炉渣粉混合物。
在本发明中，所述芯材4中无机粉体的质量分数优选为30％～80％。
在本发明中，所述纤维优选为火焰玻璃纤维棉或离心玻璃纤维棉。
在本发明中，所述芯材4中纤维的含量优选为15～69wt％。
在本发明中，所述围框1与膜材2之间优选还含有热熔胶膜，所述热熔胶膜优选由所述膜材或工程塑料通过热熔制得，所述膜材的最内层经过热熔得到所述热熔胶膜或者所述工程塑料在使用前优选涂覆热熔胶膜材料，所述热熔胶膜材料通过热熔得到所述热熔胶膜。
在本发明中，所述热熔胶膜的膜层厚度优选为30～100μm，更优选为50μm，材质优选为聚乙烯PE膜、聚乙烯-聚醋酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA胶膜、聚酯PET胶膜、尼龙66PA胶膜、聚烯烃PO胶膜或聚氨酯型TPU胶膜。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述的多孔密封板的制备方法，包括以 下步骤：
将工程塑料板进行裁切，加工成围框1；
将所述围框1与芯材4嵌合，形成复合芯材结构；
将所述复合芯材结构装入膜材2中后进行封装，得到密封板半成品；
对所述密封板半成品的表面进行热封后，去除位于所述芯材1内部的工程塑料以及所述围框1外表面未热封的膜材，得到所述多孔密封板。
本发明将工程塑料板进行裁切，加工成围框1。
当所述围框1位于芯材4的芯材开孔时，本发明优选将所述工程塑料板进行裁切，加工成工程塑料围框。
本发明对所述加工的具体方式没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的方式即可。
在本发明中，当所述围框1与膜材2之间优选还含有热熔胶膜，所述热熔胶膜优选由所述工程塑料通过热熔制得时，所述工程塑料板在裁切前优选涂覆热熔胶材料，所述热熔胶材料经过热熔形成所述热熔胶膜。
得到围框1后，本发明将所述围框1与芯材4嵌合，形成复合芯材结构。本发明优选裁切所述芯材4，在芯材4中加工孔洞，将所述芯材4外形加工成具有特定形状的结构。在本发明中，所述芯材4优选进行烘干后再使用。
本发明将所述围框1嵌入芯材4中裁切的孔洞、或将芯材4嵌入围框1中形成复合芯材结构，固定位置，防止移位。
形成复合芯材结构后，本发明将所述复合芯材结构装入膜材2中后进行封装，得到密封板半成品。在本发明中，所述膜材2优选进行烘干后再使用。
在本发明中，所述膜材2优选以膜材袋的形式使用。
本发明优选将所述复合芯材结构装入膜材袋中。
本发明优选将装袋后的复合芯材结构放入真空封装机中，在膜材袋上压板避免封装不均匀，捋平热封口上下两层膜，然后放下真空室盖，抽真空将盖子压实，加热热封金属条，金属条将热传导到膜材袋内层热熔胶膜，使上下两层热熔胶膜熔融粘结。
封装完成后，本发明优选断电降温，放气进真空室，起开盖子，得到 所述密封板半成品。
得到密封板半成品后，本发明对所述密封板半成品的表面再次进行热封后，去除位于所述芯材4内部的工程塑料外表面以及所述围框1外表面膜材，得到所述多孔密封板。
本发明优选在所述密封板半成品平面上找到所述工程塑料所在位置，在所述工程塑料所在位置上方的膜材上进行热封，通过热熔实现所述工程塑料与膜材的致密粘结。
在本发明中，所述热封的温度优选为100～500℃，更优选为150～300℃，压力优选为0.1～0.5MPa，更优选为0.2～0.3MPa。
本发明优选在所述密封板半成品平面上找到所述工程塑料所在位置，对于所述工程塑料，去除其中膜材。
本发明优选去除所述密封板半成品围框外表面未热封的膜材，得到所述多孔密封板。
在本发明中，所述围框1的内和/或外表面优选还包括红外反射涂层和/或红外反射膜层。本发明优选通过喷涂红外反射涂料形成所述红外反射涂层，优选通过粘合红外反射膜形成红外反射膜层。
在本发明中，所述热封完成后，还包括将所述吸气剂3放置于所述芯材4的内部，得到所述多孔密封板。
为了进一步说明本发明，下面结合实例对本发明提供的多孔密封板及其制备方法进行详细地描述，但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
如图1～2所示，一种梅花外形内含圆形孔洞的多孔密封板，厚度为0.01m，梅花形中心到边沿最大0.5m，圆孔直径1cm，由围框、芯材、吸气剂和膜材组成，围框具有连续外形结构，由工程塑料加工而成，工程塑料是聚氨酯，围框数量为8，1个梅花形围框位于芯材的外围，7个圆形围框位于芯材的内部开孔；芯材主体是纳米二氧化硅粉体与离心玻璃纤维棉混合物，纳米二氧化硅粉体含量30wt％，被围框和膜材包裹；吸气剂是CaO复合粉体，吸气剂放置于芯材内部，芯材中吸气剂含量为3wt％；膜材是金属化膜，位于芯材平面的上下表面；工程塑料通过热压技术与膜 材热熔粘结；围框的外表面有红外反射涂料层，涂料层厚度0.1mm。
制造方法包括以下步骤：
(1)工程塑料板进行裁切，加工成8个工程塑料环；
(2)烘干芯材和膜材袋；
(3)裁切芯材，在芯材中加工圆形孔洞，芯材外形加工成特定梅花形结构；
(4)将7个圆形工程塑料环嵌入芯材中裁切的孔洞，并将芯材嵌入梅花形工程塑料环中形成复合芯材结构，固定位置，防止移位；
(5)将复合芯材结构装入膜材袋中；
(6)将装袋后的复合芯材结构放入真空封装机中，在袋子上压板避免封装不均匀，捋平热封口上下两层膜，然后放下真空室盖，抽真空将盖子压实；
(7)加热热封金属条，金属条将热传导到膜材内层热熔胶膜，使上下两层热熔胶膜熔融粘结；
(8)断电降温，放气进真空室，起开盖子，形成多孔密封板半成品；
(9)在多孔密封板半成品平面上找到工程塑料环所在位置，在工程塑料环所在位置上方的膜材上施加高温和压力，温度150℃，压力0.3MPa，通过热熔实现工程塑料环与膜材的致密粘结；
(10)在多孔密封板半成品平面上找到工程塑料环所在位置，对于在半成品中的工程塑料环，去除环中膜材；对于在半成品外围的工程塑料环，去除环外侧面未热封膜材，在围框的外表面喷涂红外反射涂料形成红外反射涂料层，获得如图1所示的梅花外形内含圆形孔洞多孔密封板产品，应用于带传动轴的泵体侧面部件的保温隔热，七根传动轴通过预制内孔穿进多孔密封板，不损伤板材结构。
工程塑料围框与膜材连接处存在一层热熔胶膜，形成复合层板，热熔胶膜膜层厚度为50μm，热熔胶膜为聚酯PET胶膜。
对本实施例制得的多孔密封板的热导率机芯测试，导热系数为3mW/(m·K)。
实施例2
如图3所示，一种复杂结构多孔密封板，厚度为0.02m，上下最高为 0.5m，左右最宽为0.3m，下端两个正方形叠块边长为0.05m，上端花生型孔上下最高为0.07m，左右最宽为0.03m，左右最窄处为0.02m，由围框、芯材、吸气剂和膜材组成，围框具有连续结构，由工程塑料加工而成，工程塑料是尼龙PA，围框数量为3，1个围框位于芯材的外围，2个围框位于芯材的内部开孔；芯材主体是气相二氧化硅无机粉体，被围框和膜材包裹；吸气剂是CaO复合粉体，芯材中吸气剂的含量为1wt％，吸气剂放置于芯材内部；膜材是铝塑复合膜，位于芯材平面的上下表面；工程塑料通过热压技术与膜材热熔粘结。
制造方法包括以下步骤：
(1)工程塑料板表面喷涂热熔胶材料后固化，然后进行裁切，加工成3个工程塑料环；
(2)烘干芯材和膜材袋；
(3)裁切芯材，在芯材中加工孔洞，芯材外形加工成特定形状的结构；
(4)将2个内围框工程塑料环嵌入芯材中裁切的孔洞，并将芯材嵌入外围框工程塑料环中形成复合芯材结构，固定位置，防止移位；
(5)将复合芯材结构装入膜材袋中，膜材袋是长方形，留一边开口；
(6)将装袋后的复合芯材结构放入真空封装机中，在袋子上压板避免封装不均匀，捋平热封口上下两层膜，然后放下真空室盖，抽真空将盖子压实；
(7)加热热封金属条，并将热传导到工程塑料围框的热熔胶膜上，使膜材与工程塑料之间两层热熔胶膜熔融粘结；
(8)断电降温，放气进真空室，起开盖子，形成多孔密封板半成品；
(9)在多孔密封板半成品平面上找到工程塑料环所在位置，在工程塑料环所在位置上方的膜材上施加高温和压力，温度150℃，压力0.4MPa，通过热熔实现工程塑料环与膜材的致密粘结；
(10)在多孔密封板半成品平面上找到工程塑料环所在位置，对于在半成品中的工程塑料环，去除环中膜材；对于在半成品外围的工程塑料环，去除环外侧面膜材，获得如图3所示的复杂结构多孔密封板产品。该产品应用于咖啡机仪器内带管道部件的保温隔热，穿线管和水流管通过预制内 孔穿进多孔密封板。
工程塑料围框与膜材连接处存在一层热熔胶膜，形成复合层板，热熔胶膜膜层厚度为50μm，热熔胶膜为聚乙烯PE膜。
对本实施例制得的多孔密封板的热导率机芯测试，导热系数为5mW/(m·K)。
实施例3
如图4所示，一种复杂结构多孔密封板，厚度为0.03m，左右最宽处1m，上下垂直最高为0.7m，顶部圆半径为0.5m，为由围框、芯材、吸气剂和膜材组成，围框具有连续外形结构，由工程塑料加工而成，工程塑料是聚酰亚胺，围框位于芯材的外围；芯材主体是离心玻璃纤维棉，被围框和膜材包裹；吸气剂是CaCl 2复合粉体，芯材中吸气剂的含量为5wt％，放置于芯材内部；膜材是聚酰亚胺复合膜，位于芯材平面的表面；工程塑料通过热压技术与膜材热熔粘结，围框的外表面有红外反射薄膜层，薄膜层厚度0.1mm。
制造方法包括以下步骤：
(1)工程塑料板进行裁切，加工成工程塑料围框；
(2)烘干芯材和膜材袋；
(3)裁切芯材，芯材外形加工成特定形状的结构；
(4)将芯材嵌入工程塑料环中形成复合芯材结构，固定位置，防止移位；
(5)将复合芯材结构装入膜材袋中；
(6)将装袋后的复合芯材结构放入真空封装机中，在袋子上压板避免封装不均匀，捋平热封口上下两层膜，然后放下真空室盖，抽真空将盖子压实；
(7)加热热封金属条，金属条将热传导到膜材内层热熔胶膜，使上下两层热熔胶膜熔融粘结；
(8)断电降温，缓慢放气进真空室，缓慢起开盖子，形成多孔密封板半成品；
(9)在多孔密封板半成品平面上找到工程塑料环所在位置，在工程塑料环所在位置上方的膜材上施加高温和压力，温度300℃，压力0.2MPa， 通过热熔实现工程塑料环与膜材的致密粘结；
(10)在多孔密封板半成品平面上找到工程塑料环所在位置，去除环外侧面未热封膜材，在工程塑料环外表面贴合红外反射薄膜，形成红外反射薄膜层，获得如图4所示的复杂结构多孔密封板产品，应用于咖啡机仪器内部区域保温隔热，用于旋片式真空泵侧面保温，用于新能源汽车电池隔热包装。
工程塑料围框与膜材连接处存在一层热熔胶膜，形成复合层板，热熔胶膜膜层厚度为50μm，热熔胶膜为聚乙烯PE膜。
对本实施例制得的多孔密封板的热导率机芯测试，导热系数为1.6mW/(m·K)。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种多孔密封板，其特征在于，包括围框(1)、芯材(4)、吸气剂(3)和膜材(2)，所述吸气剂(3)位于所述芯材(4)的内部，所述芯材(4)具有开孔，所述芯材(4)为无机粉体和/或纤维；所述围框(1)具有连续外形结构，所述围框(1)的材质为工程塑料，所述围框(1)位于芯材(4)的外围、芯材(4)开孔或同时位于芯材(4)的外围与内部开孔；所述膜材(2)为铝塑复合膜、聚酰亚胺复合膜、金属化膜或无机非金属涂层塑料复合膜，所述膜材(2)包裹所述芯材(4)的表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔密封板，其特征在于，所述工程塑料为尼龙PA、聚四氟乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺或聚氨酯。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多孔密封板，其特征在于，所述围框(1)的内和/或外表面还包括红外反射涂层和/或红外反射膜层。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔密封板，其特征在于，所述吸气剂(3)为CaO复合粉体和/或CaCl 2复合粉体。
  5. 根据权利要求1或4所述的多孔密封板，其特征在于，所述吸气剂的粒径为1～100μm。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的多孔密封板，其特征在于，所述CaO复合粉体和CaCl 2复合粉体中的复合粉体独立地包括锆铝16吸气剂、锆石墨吸气剂、锆镍吸气剂和锆铁钒吸气剂中的一种或多种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔密封板，其特征在于，所述围框(1)与膜材(2)之间还含有热熔胶膜，所述热熔胶膜由所述膜材或工程塑料通过热熔制得。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的多孔密封板，其特征在于，所述热熔胶膜的膜层厚度为30～100μm，材质为聚乙烯PE膜、聚乙烯-聚醋酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA胶膜、聚酯PET胶膜、尼龙66PA胶膜、聚烯烃PO胶膜或聚氨酯型TPU胶膜。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔密封板，其特征在于，所述芯材(4)中无机粉体的质量分数为30％～80％。
  10. 根据权利要求1或9所述的多孔密封板，其特征在于，所述无机 粉体为二氧化硅纳米粉体、二氧化硅与玻璃纤维混合物、气相二氧化硅与微硅粉混合物、气相二氧化硅与火山灰混合物、气相二氧化硅与大理石粉混合物或气相二氧化硅与炉渣粉混合物。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔密封板，其特征在于，所述纤维为火焰玻璃纤维棉或离心玻璃纤维棉。
  12. 根据权利要求1或11所述的多孔密封板，其特征在于，所述芯(4)材中纤维的含量为15～69wt％。
  13. 权利要求1～12任一项所述的多孔密封板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    将工程塑料板进行裁切，加工成围框(1)；
    将所述围框(1)与芯材(4)嵌合，形成复合芯材结构；
    将所述复合芯材结构装入膜材(2)中后进行封装，得到密封板半成品；
    对所述密封板半成品的表面进行热封后，去除位于所述芯材(4)内部的工程塑料以及所述围框(1)外表面未热封的膜材，得到所述多孔密封板。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述热封的温度为100～500℃，压力为0.1～0.5MPa。
PCT/CN2022/125799 2022-04-15 2022-10-18 一种多孔密封板及其制备方法 WO2023197548A1 (zh)

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