WO2023195079A1

WO2023195079A1 - Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Info

Publication number: WO2023195079A1
Application number: PCT/JP2022/017121
Authority: WO
Inventors: 春陽越後; 浩樹原田; リューリュー; ランチン
Original assignee: 株式会社Ｎｔｔドコモ
Priority date: 2022-04-05
Filing date: 2022-04-05
Publication date: 2023-10-12

Abstract

A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure has a control unit that compresses information to be transmitted using an encoder to be set, and a transmission unit that transmits a request to change the encoder when certain conditions are met. This aspect of the present disclosure can be used to realize optimal overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the purpose of higher data rates, lower delays, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Additionally, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified for the purpose of further increasing capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Releases (Rel.) 8 and 9).

Successor systems to LTE (for example, also referred to as 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later) are also being considered. .

Regarding future wireless communication technology, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology such as machine learning (ML) is being considered for network/device control and management. For example, with regard to future wireless communication technology, the use of AI technology is being considered to improve channel state information reference signal (CSI) feedback, such as reducing overhead, improving accuracy, and predicting. There is. CSI feedback based on AI technology may be referred to as AI-aided CSI feedback.

As one method of AI-assisted CSI feedback, the use of an autoencoder is being considered. An autoencoder may be used to compress/reconstruct channel information.

If the autoencoder is not trained in consideration of the channel characteristics, it is difficult to make appropriate inferences. However, specific details such as how to determine a training dataset for an autoencoder and how to notify a UE of an appropriate encoder have not yet been studied. If these are not properly defined, appropriate overhead reduction/highly accurate channel estimation/highly efficient resource utilization cannot be achieved, and there is a risk that improvement in communication throughput/communication quality may be suppressed.

Therefore, one of the purposes of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can realize suitable overhead reduction/channel estimation/resource utilization.

A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a control unit that compresses information to be transmitted using a set encoder, and a transmission unit that transmits a request to change the encoder when a certain condition is satisfied.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, suitable overhead reduction/channel estimation/resource utilization can be achieved.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of CSI feedback using an encoder/decoder. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between channel characteristics and performance. 3A-3C are diagrams illustrating an example of channel characteristics and training of an AI model. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an encoder specified by type information. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of an encoder specified by type information. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an encoder specified by type information. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the flow up to MCR transmission in the third embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of MFD occurrence. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple sets of information regarding the MFD. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the flow from receiving the MCC to applying the model in the fifth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

(Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to wireless communications)
Regarding future wireless communication technology, the use of AI technology such as machine learning (ML) is being considered for network/device control and management.

For example, for future wireless communication technologies, improved Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI) feedback (e.g., reduced overhead, improved accuracy, prediction), improved beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, time The use of AI technology is being considered to improve positioning (e.g., position estimation/prediction in the spatial domain), position measurement (e.g., position estimation/prediction), and so on. CSI feedback based on AI technology may be referred to as AI-aided CSI feedback.

Channel measurement/estimation is performed using, for example, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a synchronization signal (SS), a synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS /PBCH)) block, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a measurement reference signal (Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)), or the like.

Note that the existing CSI is a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI). , SS/PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), Layer Indicator (LI), Rank Indicator (RI), L1-RSRP (Reference in Layer 1) Signal received power (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), L1-RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) ) etc. May include.

In AI-assisted CSI feedback, it is required to reduce this information or feed back smaller information that replaces this information.

Note that in the present disclosure, the channel information may be information regarding a channel (or a channel matrix). The channel matrix may include information on channel coefficients for each subband/antenna port, or may include information obtained by performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) from the channel coefficients. The latter information can be used to make the matrix sparser than the former information by converting the channel matrix into the angle/delay domain, so it can be expected to contribute to speeding up encoder calculations.

Additionally, the channel information may be information regarding a precoding matrix. The precoding matrix may include information on precoding coefficients (precoding matrix elements) for each subband/antenna port/MIMO layer, or may include information obtained by IDFT from the precoding coefficients. The latter information can be used to make the matrix sparser than the former information by converting the precoding matrix into the angle/delay domain, so it can be expected to contribute to speeding up encoder calculations.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of CSI feedback using an encoder/decoder. In this example, we assume that the encoding part (encoder) and the corresponding decoding part (decoder) of the autoencoder are trained at the base station, but they may also be trained at the UE.

In this example, information regarding the encoder trained by the base station is notified to the UE using upper layer signaling, etc., and the UE inputs the channel matrix H/precoding matrix W, which is channel information, to the encoder, and the encoder is encoded. the value/bit (and quantization may also be applied) and information (CSI feedback) containing that bit may be transmitted from the antenna.

In this example, the decoder trained by the base station is retained at the base station and used for inference. The base station inputs the received CSI feedback bits to a decoder and outputs reconstructed input information.

The encoder and decoder need to be trained using the same dataset. Otherwise, the reconstructed input information will be completely different from the original input information. However, even within the coverage area of one base station, multiple channel characteristics may exist. The channel characteristics may correspond to, for example, Line Of Site (LOS)/Non-Line Of Site (NLOS).

Here, LOS may mean that the UE and the base station are in an environment where they can see each other (or there is no shielding), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the base station are not in an environment where they can see each other (or there is no shielding). ) may also mean that.

The inventors discovered that there is a trade-off between encoder performance (e.g. compression ratio, error in reconstructed information from the original information, etc.) and the applicability of the AI model.

Specifically, the inventors discovered the following:
・If an AI model trained specifically for a specific channel is used, optimal performance can be expected for that specific channel.
- When an AI model trained specifically on a set of channels with similar channel characteristics (for example, NLOS channels) is used, suboptimal performance can be expected for that set.
- If an AI model trained on a set of channels with diverse channel characteristics (eg, NLOS channels and LOS channels) is used, poor performance can be expected for that set.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between channel characteristics and performance. This example is a bird's eye view (or top view) including a base station, some buildings (obstructions), etc. In FIG. 2, points AE are shown. Considering the channel characteristics with the base station, points A to C correspond to NLOS, and points D to E correspond to LOS. In other words, the A/B/C channel characteristics may correspond to relatively bad (NLOS) channel characteristics, and the D/E channel characteristics may correspond to relatively good (LOS) channel characteristics.

Note that in this disclosure, AE referred to hereinafter corresponds to points AE in FIG. 2, respectively.

The present inventors found that, for example, when creating an AI model using only the channel information acquired at A (by the UE), although the inference performance for A is very good, the applicability of the AI model is narrow ( It was found that this method is not suitable for inferring channel information of other BEs.

Furthermore, when creating an AI model using only the channel information acquired (by the UE) in A-C corresponding to NLOS, the inference performance for the A-C is good, but the AI model We found that the model's applicability is rather narrow (it is not suitable for inferring channel information of other DEs).

Furthermore, when creating an AI model using the channel information acquired (by the UE) at A-E, the inference performance for the A-E is not very good, but the application of the AI model is We found that the range is wide.

It is preferable that the UE/network can flexibly deal with the relationship between performance and model applicability.

Therefore, the present inventors came up with a control method suitable for transmitting AI support information. Note that each embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied when AI/prediction is not used.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal (User Equipment (UE))/Base Station (BS) trains an ML model in a training mode, and in an inference mode. , inference mode, etc.). In the inference mode, the accuracy of the trained ML model trained in the training mode may be verified.

In this disclosure, the UE/BS inputs channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the ML model to obtain highly accurate channel state information/measurements/beam selection/position, future channel state information, etc. /Wireless link quality, etc. may be output.

Note that in this disclosure, AI may be read as an object (also referred to as a target, object, data, function, program, etc.) that has (implements) at least one of the following characteristics:
・Estimation based on observed or collected information;
- Selection based on observed or collected information;
- Predictions based on observed or collected information.

In the present disclosure, the object may be, for example, an apparatus, a device, etc., such as a terminal or a base station. Further, the object may correspond to a program included in the device.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, the ML model may be replaced by an object that has (implements) at least one of the following characteristics:
・Produce estimates by feeding information,
・Predict the estimated value by giving information,
・Discover characteristics by providing information,
・Select an action by providing information.

Additionally, in the present disclosure, ML model, model, AI model, predictive analytics, predictive analysis model, etc. may be read interchangeably. Further, the ML model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (eg, linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machine, random forest, neural network, deep learning, and the like. In this disclosure, a model may be interpreted as at least one of an encoder, a decoder, a tool, etc.

Based on the input information, the ML model outputs at least one information such as an estimated value, a predicted value, a selected action, a classification, etc.

The ML model may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, and the like. Supervised learning may be used to learn general rules that map inputs to outputs. Unsupervised learning may be used to learn features of the data. Reinforcement learning may be used to learn actions to maximize a goal.

Each of the embodiments described below will be mainly described assuming that supervised learning is used for the ML model, but the present invention is not limited to this.

In the present disclosure, implementation, operation, operation, execution, etc. may be read interchangeably. Further, in this disclosure, inference, after-training, actual use, actual use, etc. may be read interchangeably. Signal may be interchanged with signal/channel.

In the present disclosure, the training mode may correspond to a mode in which the UE/BS transmits/receives signals for the ML model (in other words, an operation mode during the training period). In this disclosure, the inference mode may correspond to a mode in which the UE/BS implements an ML model (e.g., implements a trained ML model to predict an output) (in other words, an operating mode during the inference period). good.

In the present disclosure, the training mode may mean a mode in which a specific signal transmitted in the inference mode has a large overhead (for example, a large amount of resources).

In the present disclosure, the training mode may mean a mode that refers to a first configuration (eg, a first DMRS configuration, a first CSI-RS configuration). In this disclosure, the inference mode may mean a mode that refers to a second configuration (eg, a second DMRS configuration, a second CSI-RS configuration) that is different from the first configuration. In the first setting, at least one of measurement-related time resources, frequency resources, code resources, and ports (antenna ports) may be set more than in the second setting.

Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The wireless communication methods according to each embodiment may be applied singly or in combination.

In the following embodiments, in order to explain the ML model regarding communication between UE and BS, the relevant entities are the UE and the BS, but the application of each embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, for communication between different entities (for example, communication between UE and UE), the UE and BS in the embodiment below may be replaced with a first UE and a second UE. In other words, the UE, BS, etc. of the present disclosure may be replaced with any UE/BS.

In the present disclosure, "A/B" and "at least one of A and B" may be read interchangeably. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, "A/B/C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

In the present disclosure, "activate", "deactivate", "indicate", "select", "configure", "update", "determine", etc. may be read interchangeably. In this disclosure, supporting, controlling, being able to control, operating, capable of operating, etc. may be read interchangeably.

In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, upper layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, the terms Medium Access Control Element (CE), update command, activation/deactivation command, etc. may be read interchangeably.

In the present disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be, for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, etc., or a combination thereof.

In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), or the like. Broadcast information includes, for example, a master information block (MIB), a system information block (SIB), a minimum system information (RMSI), and other system information ( Other System Information (OSI)) may also be used.

In the present disclosure, the physical layer signaling may be, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

In this disclosure, an index, an identifier (ID), an indicator, a resource ID, etc. may be read interchangeably. In this disclosure, sequences, lists, sets, groups, groups, clusters, subsets, etc. may be used interchangeably.

In this disclosure, a panel, a UE panel, a panel group, a beam, a beam group, a precoder, an uplink (UL) transmitting entity, a transmission/reception point (TRP), a base station, and a spatial relation information (SRI) are described. )), spatial relationship, SRS resource indicator (SRI), control resource set (CONtrol REsource SET (CORESET)), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), codeword (CW), transport Block (Transport Block (TB)), reference signal (RS), antenna port (e.g. demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port), antenna port group (e.g. DMRS port group), groups (e.g., spatial relationship groups, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) groups, reference signal groups, CORESET groups, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) groups, PUCCH resource groups), resources (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resource), resource set (for example, reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI Unified TCI state, common TCI state, quasi-co-location (QCL), QCL assumption, etc. may be read interchangeably.

In the present disclosure, CSI-RS, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS, Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS, and CSI Interference Measurement (CSI-IM) are: They may be read interchangeably. Additionally, the CSI-RS may include other reference signals.

In this disclosure, RS to be measured/reported may mean RS to be measured/reported for CSI reporting.

In the present disclosure, timing, time, time, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc. may be read interchangeably.

In the present disclosure, direction, axis, dimension, domain, polarization, polarization component, etc. may be read interchangeably.

In the present disclosure, the RS may be, for example, a CSI-RS, an SS/PBCH block (SS block (SSB)), or the like. Further, the RS index may be a CSI-RS resource indicator (CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI)), an SS/PBCH block resource indicator (SS/PBCH block indicator (SSBRI)), or the like.

In the present disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be used interchangeably. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the terms "estimate," "predict," and "infer" may be used interchangeably.

In the present disclosure, autoencoder, encoder, decoder, etc. may be replaced with at least one of a model, ML model, neural network model, AI model, AI algorithm, etc. Further, the autoencoder may be interchanged with any autoencoder such as a stacked autoencoder or a convolutional autoencoder. The encoder/decoder of the present disclosure may adopt models such as Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, RefineNet, etc.

Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the terms encoder, encoding, encoding, modification/change/control by encoder, etc. may be read interchangeably. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, decoder, decoding, decoding, modification/change/control by decoder, etc. may be read interchangeably.

In this disclosure, UCI, CSI report, CSI feedback, feedback information, feedback bit, etc. may be read interchangeably. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, bits, bit strings, bit sequences, sequences, values, information, values obtained from bits, information obtained from bits, etc. may be interchanged.

In this disclosure, layers (for encoders) may be interchanged with layers (input layer, intermediate layer, etc.) used in the AI model. The layer of the present disclosure may correspond to at least one of an input layer, an intermediate layer, an output layer, a batch normalization layer, a convolution layer, a dropout layer, a fully connected layer, and the like.

In the present disclosure, a layer regarding a precoding matrix may be interchanged with a Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) layer, stream, etc.

(Wireless communication method)
<First embodiment>
The first embodiment relates to information regarding channel characteristics (which may also be referred to as channel characteristics information, additional information, improvement information, detailed information, etc.).

In the first embodiment, the UE sends channel characteristic information to the network in addition to channel information. Note that the channel characteristic information may be transmitted at the same time as the channel information, or may be transmitted at different timings.

The UE may obtain channel information by obtaining channel coefficients based on measurements regarding reference signals, for example. The channel characteristic information may indicate channel characteristics at the timing of acquisition of the channel information.

The UE may transmit information regarding the reporting of channel information/channel characteristics information using physical layer signaling (e.g. DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g. RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or a combination thereof. It may be notified from the network. The UE may report channel information/channel characteristic information based on this information.

The UE may transmit channel characteristic information to the network using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or a combination thereof. good. Channel characteristic information may be included in a CSI report and transmitted together with channel information, for example.

The channel characteristic information may include, for example, information regarding LOS/NLOS, or location information. In other words, the channel characteristics may correspond to LOS, NLOS, UE location, etc. Further, the channel characteristic information may include information on the timing (time) at which the channel information (/channel characteristic/channel characteristic information) was acquired/determined.

The location information may be location information regarding the UE/base station. Location information includes information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude) obtained using a positioning system (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.), and information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude) adjacent to the UE. Information on the base station serving (or serving) (e.g. base station/cell identifier (ID)), BS-UE distance, direction/angle of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS), It includes at least one of the coordinates of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS) (e.g., X/Y/Z axis coordinates, etc.), the specific address of the UE (e.g., Internet Protocol (IP) address), etc. But that's fine. The location information of the UE is not limited to information based on the location of the BS, but may be information based on a specific point.

The location information may include information regarding its own implementation (for example, location/position/orientation of antennas, location/orientation of antenna panels, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).

The location information may include mobility information. The mobility information may include information indicating at least one of the mobility type, the moving speed of the UE, the acceleration of the UE, the moving direction of the UE, and the like.

Here, the mobility types are fixed location UE, movable/moving UE, no mobility UE, low mobility UE, and medium mobility UE. (middle mobility UE), high mobility UE (high mobility UE), cell-edge UE (cell-edge UE), and non-cell-edge UE (not-cell-edge UE).

The UE may determine the channel characteristic information based on at least one of the RS measurement results and the location information acquisition results.

Channel characteristic information (for example, LOS/NLOS, etc.) may be indicated by an index (for example, LOS/NLOS indicator).

The base station may train an AI model (encoder/decoder) of the channel information at different granularity for the channel characteristics, taking into account the channel characteristics information reported by the UE.

Note that in this disclosure, the UE/base station may be able to use one or more encoders/decoders. The one or more encoders/decoders may be, for example, encoders/decoders common to all channel characteristics, encoders/decoders common to several channel characteristics, or encoders/decoders common to each channel characteristic. It may be an encoder/decoder.

FIGS. 3A-3C are diagrams illustrating an example of channel characteristics and training of an AI model. FIG. 3A shows an example of training an AI model using all channel information without distinguishing channel characteristics. FIG. 3B shows an example of training an AI model using channel information regarding several channel characteristics. FIG. 3C shows an example of training an AI model using channel information regarding one channel characteristic.

In this disclosure, in this example and subsequent examples, there are five assumed channel characteristics (corresponding to A/B/C/D/E in FIG. 2). Encoder (ABC)/decoder (ABC) may mean suitable for inferring channels with A/B/C channel characteristics.

In Figure 3A, the base station trains an AI model of channel information for ABCDE by using the reported channel information together with channel characteristic information indicating A/B/C/D/E as one data set without distinguishing it. do.

In FIG. 3B, the base station trains an AI model of channel information for ABC, using the channel information reported together with the channel characteristic information indicating A/B/C as one data set without distinguishing it. Further, in FIG. 3B, the base station trains an AI model of channel information for DE by using the channel information reported together with the channel characteristic information indicating D/E as one data set without distinguishing it. That is, channel information reported together with channel characteristic information indicating A/B/C is not used for training an AI model of channel information for DE.

In FIG. 3C, the base station uses the channel information reported together with channel characteristic information indicating X (where X is one of A, B, C, D, and E) as one data set without distinguishing, Train an AI model of channel information for That is, channel information reported together with channel characteristic information indicating different channel characteristics is not used to train an AI model of channel information for one channel characteristic.

Note that when one channel characteristic information and another channel characteristic information indicate the same LOS/NLOS/location information but correspond to different times, the channel characteristic of the channel characteristic information is different from that of the channel corresponding to the other channel characteristic information. It may be determined that the characteristics are different.

According to the first embodiment described above, for example, by transmitting channel information in association with channel characteristic information, an AI model can be appropriately trained using only channel information that corresponds to specific channel characteristics as a data set. .

<Second embodiment>
The second embodiment relates to information for identifying an encoder used by a UE. This information may be referred to as encoder specific information, type information for the encoder, encoder type information, simply type information, etc. Note that type may be interchanged with mode, set, subset, group, type, classification, etc.

The UE may determine the type information based on specific rules/UE capabilities, physical layer signaling (e.g. DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g. RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels. , or a combination thereof may be used for notification from the network.

Type information may relate to any or a combination of the following:
・Applicable range of specific encoder,
・Accuracy/performance of a particular encoder,
・Channel characteristics,
・Encoder complexity,
-Encoder input/output.

The scope of application may be, for example, a cell, an area, a channel, etc., and each encoder may be a cell-specific encoder, an area-specific encoder, a channel-specific encoder, etc. may be called. Cell-specific encoders may be used across any different channels. Area-specific encoders may be used across channels with the same characteristics. Channel-specific encoders may be used for one channel characteristic.

Type information indicating that the scope of the encoder is a cell may be called type X. Type information indicating that the scope of the encoder is an area may be referred to as type Y. Type information indicating that the scope of the encoder is a channel may be referred to as type Z.

The accuracy/performance may be, for example, high performance, medium performance, low performance, etc. Accuracy/performance evaluation indicators (which may be referred to as Performance Indicators (PI), Key Performance Indicators (KPI), etc.) may be set/defined together with the type or type information. The evaluation metrics may be expected normalized mean square error (NMSE), spectrum efficiency, etc. in different application scenarios.

Type information indicating that the encoder has high accuracy/performance may be referred to as Type I. Type information indicating that the encoder's accuracy/performance is medium may be referred to as Type II. Type information indicating that the encoder has low accuracy/performance may be referred to as type III.

The channel characteristics may be, for example, a LOS channel, an NLOS channel, a mix of LOS and NLOS channels, etc. The channel characteristics may be, for example, urban, rural, indoor, etc.

Type information indicating that the channel characteristics are LOS or urban may be referred to as type a. Type information indicating that the channel characteristics are NLOS or rural may be referred to as type b. Type information indicating that the channel characteristics are mixed or indoor may be referred to as type c.

Note that the names such as Type XZ, I-III, and ac are just examples, and the actual names are not limited to these.

The above complexity includes, for example, the number of encoder layers, input size, output size, number of encoder parameters, floating point operations (FLOPs (note, s is lowercase)) required for encoding (this is a floating point may be expressed using at least one of the following:

The above input/output may be channel information, channel matrix, eigenvector, etc.

FIG. 4-6 is a diagram showing an example of an encoder specified by type information.

As shown in FIG. 4, the number of encoders corresponding to type X may be one (encoder (ABCDE)). Further, the encoder corresponding to type Y may be at least one of two (encoder (ABC) and encoder (DE)). Further, the encoder corresponding to type Z may be at least one of five (encoder (A), encoder (B), encoder (C), encoder (D), and encoder (E)).

As shown in FIG. 5, the encoder corresponding to type I may be at least one of three (encoder (DE), encoder (D), encoder (E)). Moreover, the encoder corresponding to type II may be at least one of four (encoder (ABC), encoder (A), encoder (B), and encoder (C)). Further, the number of encoders corresponding to type III may be one (encoder (ABCDE)).

As shown in FIG. 6, encoders may be identified based on the encoder's coverage and accuracy/performance. For example, a UE configured as type Z and type II may use at least one of encoder (A), encoder (B), and encoder (C). A UE configured with type Z and type I may use at least one of an encoder (D) and an encoder (E).

Additionally, a UE configured with type Y and type II may use an encoder (ABC). A UE configured with type Y and type I may use an encoder (DE). A Type X/Type III configured UE may use an encoder (ABCDE).

Note that in the present disclosure, the UE/base station does not need to be able to handle all of AE, and may be able to handle points other than AE.

According to the second embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately specify the encoder to be used.

<Third embodiment>
The third embodiment relates to model modification.

It is preferable that the base station and the UE have a common understanding of the AI model that is actually used (for example, the AI model that is used when the UE and the network cooperate during model inference). Otherwise, the decoded result will be different than expected.

If the type information (see the second embodiment) is notified to the UE and only one encoder is specified by the information, there is no discrepancy in the recognition of the AI model between the base station and the UE.

If the type information is notified to the UE and multiple encoders are identified by the information, the UE may select one encoder from the multiple encoders and transmit information regarding the selected encoder to the network. .

Note that the UE may obtain current channel characteristic information and decide which encoder to select based on this.

The UE transmits information about the selected encoder to the network using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal/channel, or a combination thereof. It's okay. Information regarding the selected encoder may be transmitted, for example, in a CSI report.

After transmitting the information regarding the selected encoder, if the UE selects another encoder from the plurality of encoders, the UE may transmit information regarding the selected other encoder to the network.

The UE may send a Model Change Request (MCR) to the network if certain conditions are met. The MCR is configured to communicate with the network using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels (e.g., PRACH, PUCCH, PUSCH), or a combination thereof. May be sent.

Note that control after MCR transmission will be described later in the fourth embodiment.

[MCR triggering conditions]
Conditions for transmitting the MCR (triggering conditions) may be set by upper layer signaling. MCR may be triggered by Model Failure Monitoring (MFM). For example, the UE may be configured with configuration information for MFM (MFM configuration) through upper layer signaling.

Note that MFM may also be referred to as Model Failure Detection (MFD). Further, the MCR may be called a model failure recovery request (MFRR) or a model feedback.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the flow up to MCR transmission in the third embodiment. In this example, first, the base station sets two type information for the UE (one is type X that can identify the encoder (ABCDE), and the other is type Z that can identify the encoder (A)). .

The UE determines that the current channel characteristics correspond to point A and selects encoder (A). The UE transmits information regarding the selected encoder (A) to the base station.

The base station transmits MCR settings (described later) to the UE. Note that the transmission timing of the MCR settings is not limited to the timing shown in the figure (for example, it may be before the type information is set). The MFM settings may be sent to the UE at the same timing as the MCR settings, or may be sent at different timings.

The UE performs measurements based on the MFM settings and triggers the MCR if certain conditions are met. A triggered MCR may be sent one or more times (described below).

MFM settings may include information regarding at least one of the following:
・MFD judgment criteria (criterion, criteria),
・MF instance max counter (MF instance max counter),
- MFD timer (or period for MFD).

Note that this information may be notified to the UE using one or more RRC information elements.

The UE may determine that an MFD has occurred (MF has been detected) if the MF instance counter becomes equal to or greater than the MF instance maximum counter from when the MFD timer starts until it expires. Note that MFD processing may be managed in the MAC layer (L2 (layer-2) layer) of the UE.

If an MF instance is received (notified) from a lower layer (e.g. PHY layer, L1 (layer-1) layer), the MFD timer may be started or restarted and the MF instance counter is incremented. (In other words, it may be +1).

Note that the initial value of the MF instance counter may be 0. If the MFD timer expires or an MCR is sent, the MF instance counter may be set to the initial value.

The PHY layer of the UE may perform measurements corresponding to the MFD criteria, and transmit the MF instance to the MAC layer when the measurement results satisfy the conditions corresponding to the MFD criteria.

Note that at least a part of the above-mentioned MAC layer processing and PHY layer processing does not need to be limited to these layers, and other layers may be used, or they may be performed collectively in one layer. Good too. For example, in one layer, an MFD timer is started/restarted and counts (increments a counter) when a condition corresponding to the MFD criteria is met, and if the counter is greater than or equal to the MF instance maximum counter, an MFD has occurred. It may be determined that this is the case, and the MCR may be triggered. In this case, the MF instance may not be generated/notified.

MFD criteria may include, for example, at least one of the following:
- Reference signal for measurement (e.g. SSB, CSI-RS, DMRS),
- Channel for measurement (e.g. PDCCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PUSCH),
・Metrics for measurement,
・Threshold values for the above conditions,
・Applicable/assumed model.

The metric may be at least one of the following:
・Block Error Rate (BLER),
・Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS),
・LOS/NLOS (detection of LOS/NLOS or detection of change from LOS to NLOS (or from NLOS to LOS)),
・Position (detection of position change (movement)),
・Loss function (value) corresponding to the deployed AI model,
・Accuracy/performance evaluation metrics (e.g. NMSE),
- CSI (eg, L1-RSRP, L1-SINR).

The threshold for the above condition may be a threshold for the metric (for example, a BLER threshold, an MCS threshold).

The MFM settings may include MFD resource settings. The MFD criteria is used to perform measurements corresponding to the MFD criteria for one or more (for example, all) of the MFD resources configured by the MFD resource configuration, and when the measurement results satisfy the conditions corresponding to the MFD criteria, the MAC layer The MF instance counter may be sent to the MF instance counter.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of MFD occurrence. The flow in FIG. 8 corresponds to an example of the "condition determination" process in FIG. In this example, it is assumed that, as information regarding the MFD, the MFD criterion is set to "BLER>Threshold 1", the MF instance maximum counter is set to "5 times", and the MFD timer is set to "10 slots". In this example, notifications exchanged between the L1 (PHY) layer and the L2 (MAC) layer are shown.

When BLER>Threshold 1 occurs, the L1 layer notifies the MAC layer of the MF instance. When the MAC layer receives five or more MF instances, it may determine that an MFD has occurred, and may notify the L1 layer of an MCR transmission instruction. Note that candidate model selection, which will be described later, may be performed until the MCR transmission instruction is notified.

The MFM settings may include more than one set of information regarding the MFD described above. Each set may be associated with different type information. The MFM settings may include type information corresponding to each set.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple sets of information regarding the MFD. In this example, it is assumed that set 1 corresponding to type X, set 2 corresponding to type Y, and set 3 corresponding to type Z are set by MFM settings. The MFD criteria, MF instance maximum counter, and MFD timer of set i (i=1-3) are denoted as MFD criterion i, MF instance maximum counter i, and MFD timer i, respectively.

Preferably, the cell-specific encoder is not a trigger target for MCR. Therefore, the MFD criteria of set 1 may indicate criteria that cannot occur (eg, BLER>1, BLER<0, etc.). Further, the MF instance maximum counter and MFD timer of set 1 may be arbitrary values, may be set or ignored, or may not be set in the first place.

Area-specific encoders may have MCR triggered frequently, and channel-specific encoders may have MCR triggered less frequently. Therefore, the MFD criteria of set 2 may be criteria that are more likely to occur than the MFD criteria of set 3.

Note that when the UE is configured with multiple sets of information regarding the MFD, the UE may activate/deactivate the sets using the MAC CE/DCI. Furthermore, when multiple sets of information regarding MFD are configured, the UE may activate the sets based on the type information corresponding to the configured/selected encoder (corresponding to encoders that are not configured/selected). may be deactivated). The UE may detect the MF based on the active set only.

[Candidate model selection]
When MFD occurs, the UE may select (determine) a model that is a candidate for change from the current model (candidate model).

The PHY layer of the UE performs measurements corresponding to the criteria for candidate model selection, and when the measurement results satisfy the conditions corresponding to the criteria for candidate model selection, notifies the MAC layer that a candidate model has been found. may be sent.

The criteria for candidate model selection may be similar to the MFD criteria described above. The UE may be configured with information regarding one or more candidate models through upper layer signaling. The information regarding the model may include a (candidate) model ID, information regarding the above-mentioned criteria, and the like.

Note that the MCR may be triggered when one or more candidate models are found, or when no candidate model is found.

If one or more candidate models are found, the UE shall apply (( may be used).

[MCR contents]
The contents of the MCR (information included in the MCR) may be set by upper layer signaling. For example, the UE may be configured with configuration information for MCR (MCR configuration) through upper layer signaling, and the MCR configuration includes information regarding the contents of the MCR (information regarding what information is included in the MCR). But that's fine. Setting information regarding the contents of the MCR may be referred to as model change configuration (MC setting).

Information regarding the contents of the MCR may be at least one of the following:
・Candidate model ID or list of candidate model IDs,
・Measurement results (metric values) corresponding to criteria for candidate model selection,
- the current status of the model (in which MF was detected) (e.g. the value of at least one of the above metrics);
・Channel characteristic information (see first embodiment),
- Information regarding model updates.

The information regarding the model update may include information regarding at least one of the following:
・The value of the weight to be updated in the current model/candidate model (note that it may be an absolute value or a relative value),
・Updated model configuration,
- the value of the loss function for the model being updated,
- No candidate model was found.

[Uplink resources for MCR]
The UE may transmit the MCR on the closest uplink resource after the MCR is triggered.

The UE may be configured with MCR configuration including information regarding uplink resources for MCR by upper layer signaling, or may be scheduled with uplink resources by DCI.

Information regarding uplink resources for MCR may include information regarding at least one of the following:
・MCR periodicity,
・Time to stop MCR transmission,
・Number of attempts to send MCR,
- Time/frequency resources for transmitting MCR.

The UE may periodically transmit the MCR based on the MCR period from the time the MCR is triggered (or the first MCR is transmitted) until the time to stop transmitting the MCR has elapsed. .

Note that the time to stop MCR transmission may be expressed by the number of MCR transmissions (which may be referred to as a transmission counter), or may be expressed by a time period (for example, the number of slots, the number of seconds). Further, the time to stop MCR transmission may correspond to a period (which may be referred to as a response window, a monitoring window, etc.) for monitoring responses to MCR transmission. The response may be a model change command (MCC), which will be described later in the fourth embodiment.

The UE may monitor downlink channels (PDCCH, PDSCH, etc.) in a search space of X symbols/slots/ms after MCR transmission. The UE may repeatedly monitor the search space Y times. Note that this "MCR transmission" may be the first transmission or the i-th transmission (i is an integer).

The UE may determine the X, Y based on specific rules/UE capabilities, physical layer signaling (e.g. DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g. RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals. / channel, or a combination thereof. The X and Y may differ depending on the SCS (for example, the SCS of active BWP) and the frequency band (for example, the frequency band to which active BWP belongs, the frequency range, etc.).

Note that the MFM settings, MC settings, and MCR settings may be set separately.

According to the third embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately transmit the MCR.

<Fourth embodiment>
The fourth embodiment relates to model modification.

The UE may be notified of the model change instruction by the network using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal/channel, or a combination thereof. .

The model change instruction may be called a model change command (MCC).

The MCC may include information indicating at least one of the following:
- an acknowledgment (ACKnowledgement (ACK)) corresponding to the candidate model (recommended model) indicated by the MCR (see the third embodiment);
・AI model,
- Type information related to the AI model (see second embodiment).

The above approval may also be called confirmation.

Application of the model corresponding to MCC will be described later in the fifth embodiment.

Note that the UE may implicitly determine (the reception of) the ACK for the MCR based on the following (based on the following occurring):
- PDCCH reception with DCI format, scheduling PUSCH transmission with the same Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) process number as the transmission of PUSCH with MCR, and with toggled new data indicator (NDI) field value.

Note that the MCC may include at least one of MFM settings, MC settings, and MCR settings for the confirmed model/new model to be configured.

According to the fourth embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately understand the MCC.

<Fifth embodiment>
The fifth embodiment relates to the timing of model application.

The UE may apply the confirmed model according to the fourth embodiment at at least one of the following timings:
・Reference time,
・The time obtained by adding the time offset to the reference time.

For example, the UE may start applying the confirmed model from the first symbol/slot (for example, the first UL symbol/slot) after the timing.

The reference time may be at least one of the following:
・Reception timing of PDCCH/PDSCH including MCC,
- Transmission timing of PUCCH/PUSCH to report HARQ-ACK information (or ACK) for MCC.

The time offset may be expressed using one or more of the following:
・Number of symbols,
・Number of slots,
・Number of subframes,
- Seconds (e.g. milliseconds, microseconds, etc.).

The UE may determine the time offset based on specific rules/UE capabilities, physical layer signaling (e.g. DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g. RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/ The notification may be sent from the network using a channel or a combination thereof. For example, the time offset may be a default value (for example, 3 ms) if there is no setting regarding the time offset from the network.

The above time offset may be a value common to all UEs, or a value may be determined for each specific band.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the flow from receiving the MCC to applying the model in the fifth embodiment. This example is the same as FIG. 7 up to MCR, so a redundant explanation will not be given.

The UE receives the MCC for approval of the candidate model indicated by the MCR. In this example, the reference time is the MCC reception timing. After a time offset has elapsed from the reference time, the UE applies the MCC (candidate model approved by).

According to the fifth embodiment described above, the UE can apply the model at an appropriate timing.

<Supplement>
In the embodiments described above, an example was shown in which the UE has an encoder and the base station has a decoder. The embodiments described above may be applied to examples where the UE has a decoder and the base station has an encoder.

In the above embodiments, the encoder/decoder may be interchanged with the AI model deployed at the UE/base station. That is, the present disclosure is not limited to the case of using an autoencoder, but may be applied to the case of inference using any model. Furthermore, the object that the UE/base station compresses using the encoder in the present disclosure is not limited to CSI (or channel/precoding matrix), but may be any information. In this case, the channel information in the embodiments described above may be simply replaced with information.

At least one of the embodiments described above may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a particular UE capability.

The particular UE capability may indicate at least one of the following:
- supporting processing/operation/control/information (e.g., an encoder for AI-assisted information transmission) for at least one of the above embodiments;
Supporting acquisition/reporting of channel characteristic information (e.g. LOS, NLOS, location information);
・Supporting multiple AI models that correspond to different types (type information),
-Supported levels of computational complexity.

The above UE capabilities may be reported for each frequency, or for each frequency range (for example, Frequency Range 1 (FR1), Frequency Range 2 (FR2), FR2-1, FR2-2). , may be reported for each cell, or may be reported for each subcarrier spacing (SCS).

The above-mentioned UE capabilities may be commonly reported for Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), or may be reported independently.

Also, at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied when the UE is configured with specific information related to the embodiment described above by upper layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be information indicating that the use of an AI model is enabled for CSI feedback, arbitrary RRC parameters for a specific release (eg, Rel. 18), or the like.

Note that at least one of the embodiments described above may be used for (for compression of) transmission of information between the UE and the base station other than CSI feedback. For example, the UE generates information related to location (or positioning)/information related to location estimation in a location management function (LMF) according to at least one of the above-described embodiments (e.g., using an encoder). You may report it to the network. The information may be channel impulse response (CIR) information for each subband/antenna port. By reporting this, the base station can estimate the location of the UE without reporting the angle/time difference of received signals.

(Additional note)
Regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure, the following invention will be added.
[Additional note 1]
a control unit that obtains channel information based on the measurement;
A terminal comprising: a transmitter configured to transmit the channel information and channel characteristic information related to the channel information.
[Additional note 2]
The terminal according to supplementary note 1, wherein the channel characteristic information includes information regarding at least one of Line Of Site (LOS), Non-Line Of Site (NLOS), and location.
[Additional note 3]
further comprising a receiver for receiving type information indicating a type for the encoder;
The terminal according to appendix 1 or 2, wherein the control unit compresses information to be transmitted using an encoder determined based on the type information.
[Additional note 4]
further comprising a receiving unit that receives type information indicating a type regarding the scope of application of the encoder;
The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the control unit compresses information to be transmitted using an encoder determined based on the type information.

(Additional note)
Regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure, the following invention will be added.
[Additional note 1]
a control unit that compresses information to be transmitted using the set encoder;
A terminal comprising: a transmitter that transmits a request to change the encoder when a certain condition is met.
[Additional note 2]
The terminal according to supplementary note 1, wherein if the condition is satisfied, a model failure is detected for the encoder.
[Additional note 3]
The terminal according to Supplementary note 1 or 2, further comprising a receiving unit that receives approval corresponding to the change request.
[Additional note 4]
further comprising a receiving unit that receives approval corresponding to the change request,
The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the control unit starts using a new encoder based on the timing of receiving the approval.

(wireless communication system)
The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc. specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). .

Additionally, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC has dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), and dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E -UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)).

In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

The wireless communication system 1 has dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC) where both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB)). )) may be supported.

The wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 11 that forms a macro cell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macro cell C1 and form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macro cell C1. You may prepare. User terminal 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the plurality of base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may use at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using a plurality of component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2, for example.

Further, the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

The plurality of base stations 10 may be connected by wire (for example, optical fiber, X2 interface, etc. compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI)) or wirelessly (for example, NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is an upper station, is an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is a relay station, is an IAB donor. May also be called a node.

The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via another base station 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

The user terminal 20 may be a terminal compatible with at least one of communication systems such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access method may be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc. may be used.

A wireless access method may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single carrier transmission methods, other multicarrier transmission methods) may be used as the UL and DL radio access methods.

In the wireless communication system 1, the downlink channels include a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (physical broadcast channel (PBCH)), and a downlink control channel (physical downlink control). Channel (PDCCH)) or the like may be used.

In the wireless communication system 1, uplink channels include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (PUCCH), and a random access channel. (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) or the like may be used.

User data, upper layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. are transmitted by the PDSCH. User data, upper layer control information, etc. may be transmitted by PUSCH. Furthermore, a Master Information Block (MIB) may be transmitted via the PBCH.

Lower layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI) that includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

Note that the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Note that PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

A control resource set (CONtrol REsource SET (CORESET)) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. CORESET corresponds to a resource for searching DCI. The search space corresponds to a search area and a search method for PDCCH candidates (PDCCH candidates). One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", "CORESET setting", etc. in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

The PUCCH allows channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (for example, may be called Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK/NACK, etc.), and scheduling request ( Uplink Control Information (UCI) including at least one of SR)) may be transmitted. A random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell may be transmitted by PRACH.

Note that in this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc. may be expressed without adding "link". Furthermore, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" at the beginning.

In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), and the like may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS includes a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), and a demodulation reference signal (DeModulation). Reference Signal (DMRS)), Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS/PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, measurement reference signals (Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), etc. are transmitted as uplink reference signals (UL-RS). good. Note that DMRS may be called a user terminal-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

(base station)
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control section 110, a transmitting/receiving section 120, a transmitting/receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transmitting/receiving unit 120, the transmitting/receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140 may be provided.

Note that this example mainly shows functional blocks that are characteristic of the present embodiment, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. A part of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which will be explained based on common recognition in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), and the like. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transmitting/receiving unit 120, the transmitting/receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, a sequence, etc. to be transmitted as a signal, and may transfer the generated data to the transmitting/receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform communication channel call processing (setting, release, etc.), status management of the base station 10, radio resource management, and the like.

The transmitting/receiving section 120 may include a baseband section 121, a radio frequency (RF) section 122, and a measuring section 123. The baseband section 121 may include a transmission processing section 1211 and a reception processing section 1212. The transmitter/receiver unit 120 includes a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transmitter/receiver circuit, etc., which are explained based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure. be able to.

The transmitting/receiving section 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting/receiving section, or may be configured from a transmitting section and a receiving section. The transmitting section may include a transmitting processing section 1211 and an RF section 122. The reception section may include a reception processing section 1212, an RF section 122, and a measurement section 123.

The transmitting/receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common recognition in the technical field related to the present disclosure, such as an array antenna.

The transmitter/receiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitter/receiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, and the like.

The transmitting/receiving unit 120 may form at least one of a transmitting beam and a receiving beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

The transmitting/receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) performs Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (for example, RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (for example, HARQ retransmission control), etc. may be performed to generate a bit string to be transmitted.

The transmitting/receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) performs channel encoding (which may include error correction encoding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the bit string to be transmitted. A baseband signal may be output by performing transmission processing such as processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion.

The transmitting/receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filter processing, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal in a radio frequency band, and may transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting/receiving antenna 130. .

On the other hand, the transmitting/receiving section 120 (RF section 122) may perform amplification, filter processing, demodulation into a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting/receiving antenna 130.

The transmitting/receiving unit 120 (reception processing unit 1212) performs analog-to-digital conversion, fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing, and inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the acquired baseband signal. )) processing (if necessary), applying reception processing such as filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing and PDCP layer processing, User data etc. may also be acquired.

The transmitting/receiving unit 120 (measuring unit 123) may perform measurements regarding the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement, Channel State Information (CSI) measurement, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 measures received power (for example, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (for example, Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) )) , signal strength (for example, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (for example, CSI), etc. may be measured. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

The transmission path interface 140 transmits and receives signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30, other base stations 10, etc., and transmits and receives user data (user plane data) for the user terminal 20, control plane It is also possible to acquire and transmit data.

Note that the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting/receiving unit 120, the transmitting/receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

Note that the transmitting/receiving unit 120 may transmit information regarding channel information reporting to the user terminal 20. The transmitting/receiving unit 120 may receive the channel information and channel characteristic information related to the channel information from the user terminal 20.

Additionally, the transmitting/receiving unit 120 may transmit encoder setting information to the user terminal 20. The transmitting/receiving unit 120 may receive the encoder change request transmitted from the user terminal 20 when a certain condition is satisfied.

(user terminal)
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control section 210, a transmitting/receiving section 220, and a transmitting/receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transmitting/receiving unit 220, and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

Note that this example mainly shows functional blocks that are characteristic of the present embodiment, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. A part of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which will be explained based on common recognition in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception using the transmitting/receiving unit 220 and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230, measurement, and the like. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as a signal, and may transfer the generated data to the transmitting/receiving unit 220.

The transmitting/receiving section 220 may include a baseband section 221, an RF section 222, and a measuring section 223. The baseband section 221 may include a transmission processing section 2211 and a reception processing section 2212. The transmitting/receiving unit 220 can be configured from a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measuring circuit, a transmitting/receiving circuit, etc., which are explained based on common recognition in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

The transmitting/receiving section 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting/receiving section, or may be configured from a transmitting section and a receiving section. The transmitting section may include a transmitting processing section 2211 and an RF section 222. The reception section may include a reception processing section 2212, an RF section 222, and a measurement section 223.

The transmitting/receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common recognition in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

The transmitter/receiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitter/receiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, and the like.

The transmitting/receiving unit 220 may form at least one of a transmitting beam and a receiving beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

The transmission/reception unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) performs PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g. RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g. , HARQ retransmission control), etc., to generate a bit string to be transmitted.

The transmitting/receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) performs channel encoding (which may include error correction encoding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, DFT processing (as necessary), and IFFT processing on the bit string to be transmitted. , precoding, digital-to-analog conversion, etc., and output a baseband signal.

Note that whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the settings of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (for example, PUSCH), the transmitting/receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) performs the above processing in order to transmit the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. DFT processing may be performed as the transmission processing, or if not, DFT processing may not be performed as the transmission processing.

The transmitting/receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filter processing, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal in a radio frequency band, and may transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting/receiving antenna 230. .

On the other hand, the transmitting/receiving section 220 (RF section 222) may perform amplification, filter processing, demodulation into a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting/receiving antenna 230.

The transmission/reception unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) performs analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, and decoding (error correction) on the acquired baseband signal. (which may include decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing may be applied to obtain user data and the like.

The transmitting/receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements regarding the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (for example, RSRP), reception quality (for example, RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (for example, RSSI), propagation path information (for example, CSI), and the like. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

Note that the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting/receiving unit 220 and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230.

Note that the control unit 210 may acquire channel information based on measurement. The transmitting/receiving unit 220 may transmit the channel information and channel characteristic information related to the channel information.

The channel characteristic information may include information regarding at least one of Line Of Site (LOS), Non-Line Of Site (NLOS), and location.

The transceiver unit 220 may receive type information indicating the type for the encoder. The control unit 210 may compress the information to be transmitted using the encoder determined based on the type information.

The transmitter/receiver 220 may receive type information indicating the type related to the scope of application of the encoder. The control unit 210 may compress the information to be transmitted using the encoder determined based on the type information.

Additionally, the control unit 210 may compress the information to be transmitted using a set encoder. The transmitter/receiver 220 may transmit the encoder change request when a certain condition is met.

If the condition is satisfied, a model failure may be detected in the encoder.

The transmitting/receiving unit 220 may receive an approval corresponding to the change request.

The transmitting/receiving unit 220 may receive an approval corresponding to the change request. The control unit 210 may start using the new encoder based on the timing of receiving the approval.

(Hardware configuration)
It should be noted that the block diagram used to explain the above embodiment shows blocks in functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one physically or logically coupled device, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices directly or indirectly (e.g. , wired, wireless, etc.) and may be realized using a plurality of these devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the one device or the plurality of devices.

Here, functions include judgment, decision, judgement, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, solution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, and consideration. , broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, assigning, etc. Not limited. For example, a functional block (configuration unit) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, a transmitter, or the like. In either case, as described above, the implementation method is not particularly limited.

For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. in an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc. .

Note that in this disclosure, words such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. can be read interchangeably. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of each device shown in the figure, or may be configured not to include some of the devices.

For example, although only one processor 1001 is illustrated, there may be multiple processors. Also, the processing may be performed by one processor, or the processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or using other techniques. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is performed by, for example, loading predetermined software (program) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, so that the processor 1001 performs calculations and communicates via the communication device 1004. This is achieved by controlling at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

The processor 1001, for example, operates an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, registers, and the like. For example, at least a portion of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 to the memory 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with these. As the program, a program that causes a computer to execute at least part of the operations described in the above embodiments is used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated in the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may also be realized in the same way.

The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, and includes at least one of Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), and other suitable storage media. It may be composed of one. Memory 1002 may be called a register, cache, main memory, or the like. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, and the like to implement a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, such as a flexible disk, a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magneto-optical disk (for example, a compact disk (CD-ROM), etc.), a digital versatile disk, removable disk, hard disk drive, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), magnetic stripe, database, server, or other suitable storage medium. It may be configured by Storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission/reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc., for example. The communication device 1004 includes, for example, a high frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. in order to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). It may be configured to include. For example, the above-described transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting/receiving antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmitter/receiver 120 (220) may be physically or logically separated into a transmitter 120a (220a) and a receiver 120b (220b).

The input device 1005 is an input device (eg, keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that performs output to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may have an integrated configuration (for example, a touch panel).

Further, each device such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses for each device.

The base station 10 and user terminal 20 also include a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc. It may be configured to include hardware, and a part or all of each functional block may be realized using the hardware. For example, processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardwares.

(Modified example)
Note that terms explained in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal may be interchanged. Also, the signal may be a message. The reference signal may also be abbreviated as RS, and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. Further, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, a frequency carrier, a carrier frequency, or the like.

A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (eg, 1 ms) that does not depend on numerology.

Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. Numerology includes, for example, subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, and radio frame configuration. , a specific filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, a specific windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.

A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.) in the time domain. Furthermore, a slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

A slot may include multiple mini-slots. Each minislot may be made up of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-slot may also be called a sub-slot. A minislot may be made up of fewer symbols than a slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in time units larger than minislots may be referred to as PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be referred to as PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

Radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent time units when transmitting signals. Other names may be used for the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol. Note that time units such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, a plurality of consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of the subframe and TTI may be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. It may be. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

Here, TTI refers to, for example, the minimum time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in the LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmission power, etc. that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal on a TTI basis. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

The TTI may be a transmission time unit of a channel-coded data packet (transport block), a code block, a codeword, etc., or may be a processing unit of scheduling, link adaptation, etc. Note that when a TTI is given, the time interval (for example, the number of symbols) to which transport blocks, code blocks, code words, etc. are actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

Note that when one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (that is, one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Further, the number of slots (minislot number) that constitutes the minimum time unit of the scheduling may be controlled.

A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI that is shorter than the normal TTI may be referred to as an abbreviated TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

Note that long TTI (for example, normal TTI, subframe, etc.) may be read as TTI with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTI (for example, short TTI, etc.) It may also be read as a TTI having the above TTI length.

A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more continuous subcarriers (subcarriers) in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of the numerology, and may be 12, for example. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

Additionally, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain, and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

Note that one or more RBs include a physical resource block (Physical RB (PRB)), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, and an RB. They may also be called pairs.

Additionally, a resource block may be configured by one or more resource elements (REs). For example, 1 RE may be a radio resource region of 1 subcarrier and 1 symbol.

Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also called partial bandwidth, etc.) refers to a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RB) for a certain numerology in a certain carrier. Good too. Here, the common RB may be specified by an RB index based on a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within that BWP.

BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within one carrier for a UE.

At least one of the configured BWPs may be active and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal/channel outside of the active BWP. Note that "cell", "carrier", etc. in the present disclosure may be replaced with "BWP".

Note that the structures of the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, symbol, etc. described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of symbols included in an RB, The number of subcarriers, the number of symbols within a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, and other configurations can be changed in various ways.

In addition, the information, parameters, etc. described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values from a predetermined value, or using other corresponding information. may be expressed. For example, radio resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical formulas etc. using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Since the various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable designation, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not in any way exclusive designations. .

The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be referred to throughout the above description, may refer to voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any of these. It may also be represented by a combination of

Additionally, information, signals, etc. may be output from the upper layer to the lower layer and from the lower layer to at least one of the upper layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input and output via multiple network nodes.

Input/output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Information, signals, etc. that are input and output can be overwritten, updated, or added. The output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. The input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to other devices.

Notification of information is not limited to the aspects/embodiments described in this disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may be physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), upper layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB), etc.), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof It may be carried out by

Note that the physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1/Layer 2 (L1/L2) control information (L1/L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Further, RRC signaling may be called an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like. Further, MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

Further, notification of prescribed information (for example, notification of "X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the prescribed information or by providing other information) (by notification).

The determination may be made by a value expressed by 1 bit (0 or 1), or by a boolean value expressed by true or false. , may be performed by numerical comparison (for example, comparison with a predetermined value).

Software includes instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or by any other name. , should be broadly construed to mean an application, software application, software package, routine, subroutine, object, executable, thread of execution, procedure, function, etc.

Additionally, software, instructions, information, etc. may be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, if the software uses wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), etc.) and/or wireless technology (such as infrared, microwave, etc.) to , a server, or other remote source, these wired and/or wireless technologies are included within the definition of a transmission medium.

The terms "system" and "network" used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. "Network" may refer to devices (eg, base stations) included in the network.

In this disclosure, "precoding", "precoder", "weight (precoding weight)", "quasi-co-location (QCL)", "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)", "space "spatial relation", "spatial domain filter", "transmission power", "phase rotation", "antenna port", "antenna port group", "layer", "number of layers", Terms such as "rank", "resource", "resource set", "resource group", "beam", "beam width", "beam angle", "antenna", "antenna element", and "panel" are interchangeable. can be used.

In the present disclosure, "Base Station (BS)", "Wireless base station", "Fixed station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission/Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel" , "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," and the like may be used interchangeably. A base station is sometimes referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

A base station can accommodate one or more (eg, three) cells. If a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area is connected to a base station subsystem (e.g., an indoor small base station (Remote Radio Communication services can also be provided by the Head (RRH)). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to part or all of the coverage area of a base station and/or base station subsystem that provides communication services in this coverage.

In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interchanged with the base station instructing the terminal to control/operate based on the information.

In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" are used interchangeably. can be done.

A mobile station is a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal. , handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

At least one of a base station and a mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, or the like.

The moving body refers to a movable object, and the moving speed is arbitrary, and naturally includes cases where the moving body is stopped. The mobile objects include, for example, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, carts, rickshaws, and ships (ships and other watercraft). , including, but not limited to, airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items mounted thereon. Furthermore, the mobile object may be a mobile object that autonomously travels based on a travel command.

The moving object may be a vehicle (for example, a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned moving object (for example, a drone, a self-driving car, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). ). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station includes devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (current sensor 50, (including a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service section 59, and a communication module 60. Be prepared.

The drive unit 41 is composed of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also referred to as a steering wheel), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

The electronic control unit 49 includes a microprocessor 61, a memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input/output (IO) port) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control section 49 may be called an electronic control unit (ECU).

The signals from the various sensors 50 to 58 include a current signal from the current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheel 46/rear wheel 47 obtained by the rotation speed sensor 51, and a signal obtained by the air pressure sensor 52. air pressure signals of the front wheels 46/rear wheels 47, a vehicle speed signal acquired by the vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal acquired by the acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 acquired by the accelerator pedal sensor 55, and a brake pedal sensor. 56, a shift lever 45 operation signal obtained by the shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. There are signals etc.

The information service department 59 includes various devices such as car navigation systems, audio systems, speakers, displays, televisions, and radios that provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and these devices. It consists of one or more ECUs that control the The information service unit 59 provides various information/services (for example, multimedia information/multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40 using information acquired from an external device via the communication module 60 or the like.

The information service unit 59 may include an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accepts input from the outside, and an output device that performs output to the outside (for example, display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

The driving support system unit 64 includes millimeter wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a camera, a positioning locator (for example, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), etc.), and map information (for example, High Definition (HD)). maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., inertial measurement units (IMUs), inertial navigation systems (INS), etc.), artificial intelligence ( Artificial Intelligence (AI) chips, AI processors, and other devices that provide functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, as well as one or more devices that control these devices. It consists of an ECU. Further, the driving support system section 64 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60, and realizes a driving support function or an automatic driving function.

The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 communicates via the communication port 63 with a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, which are included in the vehicle 40. Data (information) is transmitted and received between the axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58.

The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, various information is transmitted and received with an external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10, user terminal 20, etc. described above. Further, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

The communication module 60 receives signals from the various sensors 50 to 58 described above that are input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. At least one of the information based on the information may be transmitted to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, various sensors 50-58, information service unit 59, etc. may be called an input unit that receives input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above input.

The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device, and displays it on the information service section 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 is an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as a display and a speaker based on the PDSCH (or data/information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60). may be called.

The communication module 60 also stores various information received from external devices into a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 controls the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, and left and right rear wheels provided in the vehicle 40. 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc. may be controlled.

Additionally, the base station in the present disclosure may be replaced by a user terminal. For example, communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (for example, it may be called Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.). Regarding the configuration, each aspect/embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied. In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions that the base station 10 described above has. Further, words such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be replaced with words corresponding to inter-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channels, downlink channels, etc. may be replaced with sidelink channels.

Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be replaced with a base station. In this case, the base station 10 may have the functions that the user terminal 20 described above has.

In this disclosure, the operations performed by the base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network that includes one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g. It is clear that this can be performed by a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc. (though not limited thereto), or a combination thereof.

Each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or may be switched and used in accordance with execution. Further, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed as long as there is no contradiction. For example, the methods described in this disclosure use an example order to present elements of the various steps and are not limited to the particular order presented.

Each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure includes Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system ( 4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is an integer or decimal number, for example)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New Radio Access (NX), Future Generation Radio Access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications ), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802 .11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), and other appropriate wireless communication methods. The present invention may be applied to systems to be used, next-generation systems expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G) may be applied.

As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless explicitly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

As used in this disclosure, any reference to elements using the designations "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the amount or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Thus, reference to a first and second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "judgment" can mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry ( For example, searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, etc. may be considered to be "determining."

In addition, "judgment (decision)" includes receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input (input), output (output), access ( may be considered to be "determining", such as accessing data in memory (eg, accessing data in memory).

In addition, "judgment" is considered to mean "judging" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. Good too. In other words, "judgment (decision)" may be considered to be "judgment (decision)" of some action.

Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be read as "assuming", "expecting", "considering", etc.

As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected", "coupled", or any variations thereof refer to any connection or coupling, direct or indirect, between two or more elements. can include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connection" may be replaced with "access."

In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be connected using one or more electrical wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as in the radio frequency domain, microwave can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the light (both visible and invisible) range.

In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." Note that the term may also mean that "A and B are each different from C". Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted similarly to "different."

Where "include", "including" and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are inclusive, as is the term "comprising". It is intended that Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure is not intended to be exclusive or.

In this disclosure, when articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the present disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are plural.

Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear for those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The invention according to the present disclosure can be implemented as modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as determined based on the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is for the purpose of illustrative explanation and does not have any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

a control unit that compresses information to be transmitted using the set encoder;
A terminal comprising: a transmitter that transmits a request to change the encoder when a certain condition is met.
The terminal according to claim 1, wherein if the condition is met, a model failure is detected in the encoder.
The terminal according to claim 1, further comprising a receiving unit that receives an approval corresponding to the change request.
further comprising a receiving unit that receives approval corresponding to the change request,
The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit starts using a new encoder based on the timing of receiving the approval.
compressing the information to be transmitted using the configured encoder;
A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the step of transmitting a request to change the encoder when a certain condition is met.
a transmitter that transmits encoder setting information to the terminal;
A base station comprising: a receiving unit that receives the encoder change request transmitted from the terminal when a certain condition is met.