WO2023193912A1 - Machine électrique - Google Patents

Machine électrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023193912A1
WO2023193912A1 PCT/EP2022/059258 EP2022059258W WO2023193912A1 WO 2023193912 A1 WO2023193912 A1 WO 2023193912A1 EP 2022059258 W EP2022059258 W EP 2022059258W WO 2023193912 A1 WO2023193912 A1 WO 2023193912A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
holding body
plastic holding
plastic
electrical machine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/059258
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Suswedyk
Original Assignee
Pierburg Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pierburg Gmbh filed Critical Pierburg Gmbh
Priority to PCT/EP2022/059258 priority Critical patent/WO2023193912A1/fr
Publication of WO2023193912A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023193912A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/14—Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders
    • H02K5/143—Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders for cooperation with commutators
    • H02K5/148—Slidably supported brushes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/006—Structural associations of commutators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/167—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings
    • H02K5/1672—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2205/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to casings, enclosures, supports
    • H02K2205/03—Machines characterised by thrust bearings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor, comprising: a fixed stator body, a rotatable rotor shaft which is mounted radially via a shaft radial bearing, a ferromagnetic rotor body which is attached to the rotor shaft and is arranged within the stator body, at least one rotor winding , which is arranged on the rotor body, a commutator unit, which is arranged to rotate with the rotor body and is electrically connected to the at least one rotor winding, a fixed, one-piece plastic holding body, and at least one sliding contact element, which is held by the plastic holding body, made of an electrically conductive Material consists and rests on the commutator unit.
  • an axial direction is parallel to the axial direction of the rotor shaft
  • a radial direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotor shaft
  • a transverse plane is transverse to the axial direction of the rotor shaft.
  • the present invention is based on the object of creating a relatively inexpensive and easy-to-assemble electrical machine. This task is achieved by an electrical machine with the features of main claim 1.
  • the electrical machine comprises a stationary stator body.
  • the stator body can be designed as a solid, permanent magnetic body, can be designed to carry at least one permanent magnet, or can be designed to carry at least one electromagnetic stator winding.
  • the stator body generally consists of a ferromagnetic metal and can either be designed as a solid body or consist of several interconnected individual parts, typically sheet metal parts.
  • the electrical machine comprises a rotatable rotor shaft which is mounted radially via a shaft radial bearing.
  • the shaft radial bearing can be set up for exclusively radial storage, or can be set up for radial and axial storage of the rotor shaft.
  • the rotor shaft is mounted in a housing part of the electrical machine via a further shaft radial bearing, which is arranged on an opposite side of the rotor body.
  • the electrical machine comprises a ferromagnetic rotor body and at least one electromagnetic rotor winding which is arranged on the rotor body.
  • the rotor body is attached to the rotor shaft and arranged within the stator body.
  • the rotor body defines a plurality of rotor poles distributed along its circumference and a number of rotor windings corresponding to the number of rotor poles is arranged on the rotor body, one of the rotor windings being assigned to each of the rotor poles.
  • the rotor body can be designed as a solid body.
  • the rotor body consists of a large number of sheet metal parts stacked in the axial direction, which are generally electrically insulated from one another.
  • a rotor body constructed in this way is also referred to as a laminated rotor body or a laminated rotor body and has particularly low eddy currents during operation of the electrical machine.
  • the rotor body is generally made of a ferromagnetic metal.
  • the electrical machine comprises a commutator unit, which radially surrounds the rotor shaft and is arranged to rotate with the rotor body, and at least one sliding contact element, which consists of an electrically conductive material, rests on the commutator unit and slides along the commutator unit during operation of the electrical machine.
  • the commutator unit is electrically connected to the at least one stator winding.
  • the commutator unit comprises at least one, typically several, sliding surface elements distributed along the circumference of the shaft, against which the at least one sliding contact element rests and slides along during operation of the electrical machine.
  • the grinding surface elements consist of an electrically conductive material and are each electrically connected to at least one rotor winding.
  • the grinding surface elements are typically attached to a base body which consists of an electrically non-conductive material, typically a plastic material.
  • the commutator unit is preferably set up to be contacted radially by the at least one sliding contact element.
  • the grinding surface elements preferably each have the shape of a segment of a hollow cylinder that radially encloses the rotor shaft.
  • the commutator unit is set up axially from the at least one sliding contact element to be contacted.
  • the grinding surface elements preferably have the shape of a segment of an annular disk running in a transverse plane.
  • the at least one sliding contact element consists of an electrically conductive material, typically graphite, which is why such sliding contact elements are also known as carbon brushes. If there are several sliding contact elements, these are typically arranged at different circumferential positions of the rotor shaft and contact different grinding surface elements of the commutator unit.
  • the at least one sliding contact element is typically mounted in a displaceable manner and is pressed against the commutator unit by a spring.
  • the electrical machine comprises a fixed, one-piece plastic holding body through which the at least one sliding contact element is held.
  • plastic holding bodies are also referred to as brush bridges.
  • the plastic holding body is an injection molded part.
  • the plastic holding body can consist entirely of a single plastic material or individual sections of the plastic holding body can consist of different plastic materials.
  • the plastic holding body is typically manufactured in a multi-step injection molding process.
  • the entire plastic holding body consists of a single part, that is, all sections of the plastic holding body are cohesively connected to one another, even if they consist of different plastic materials.
  • a corresponding receptacle is formed on the plastic holding body for each sliding contact element, in which the respective sliding contact element is slidably mounted.
  • the plastic holding body preferably consists of a plastic material with good electrical insulation properties, i.e. with a high specific electrical resistance, typically at least IO 10 Qcm, and a high dielectric strength, in order to prevent an electrical short circuit between several sliding contact elements held by the plastic holding body.
  • the shaft radial bearing is a plain bearing, with a sliding surface being formed by the plastic holding body, so that no additional components are required for the shaft radial bearing.
  • the plastic holding body Compared to an electrical machine known from the prior art, both the number of components and the number of assembly steps are reduced.
  • at least one bearing section of the plastic holding body forming the sliding surface consists of a plastic material with good tribological properties.
  • the electrical machine according to the invention can be assembled relatively easily and manufactured relatively inexpensively.
  • the entire plastic holding body consists of a single plastic material. This enables relatively simple and cost-effective production of the plastic holding body.
  • the plastic holding body can be produced in a single injection molding step.
  • the plastic material used here preferably has both relatively good electrical insulation properties and relatively good tribological properties.
  • a bearing section forming the sliding surface Plastic holding body and a main section of the plastic holding body holding the at least one sliding contact element made of different plastic materials.
  • the use of different plastic materials for the main section and the bearing section therefore enables the realization of a particularly reliable electrical machine.
  • a relatively inexpensive plastic material - particularly in comparison to the plastic material used for the bearing section - is used for the relatively large-volume main section.
  • the plastic holding body made of different plastic materials is typically produced in a multi-step injection molding process, with the main section being produced in a first step, and the bearing section being molded onto the main section in a following step.
  • the electrical machine according to the invention preferably comprises a housing part which radially delimits a housing chamber in which the stator body and the rotor body are arranged, the plastic holding body being arranged on an open axial side of the housing part and closing it.
  • the plastic holding body can be attached axially to the open side of the housing part and/or inserted into an opening on the open side of the housing part.
  • the plastic holding body is attached to the housing part.
  • the stator body is also advantageously attached to the housing part.
  • the plastic holding body can be flowed through axially in order to enable efficient cooling of the electrical machine, in particular also of the shaft radial bearing designed as a plain bearing.
  • the electrical machine according to the invention comprises at least one contact tab element for externally energizing the at least one rotor winding via the at least one sliding contact element and the commutator unit.
  • the at least one contact tab element is held by the plastic holding body.
  • the at least one contact lug element can, for example, be inserted into a contact lug element receptacle formed on the plastic holding body or be encapsulated by the plastic holder. This creates an electrical machine that is relatively easy to assemble.
  • the rotor shaft is preferably mounted via the plastic holding body at least in an axial direction.
  • an element attached to the rotor shaft for example the rotor body or the commutator unit, is supported directly or indirectly in an axial direction by the plastic holding body, preferably by the bearing section of the plastic holding body forming the sliding surface.
  • a thrust washer is arranged which radially surrounds the rotor shaft and against which the element attached to the rotor shaft rests axially.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of an electrical machine according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is an axial top view of an inside of a plastic holding body and a commutator unit of the electrical machine from Figure 1, and
  • Figure 3 is a top view of an inside of an alternative plastic holding body for the electrical machine from Figure 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrical machine 10 with a substantially circular cylindrical housing chamber 12.
  • the housing chamber 12 is delimited radially by a substantially fixed, tubular first housing part 14.
  • the housing chamber 12 is delimited on a first axial side by a second housing part 16, which extends essentially in a transverse plane, is attached to a first axial end of the tubular first housing part 14, and the first housing part 14 on the first axial side essentially completely closed.
  • the housing chamber 12 is formed on a second axial side opposite the first axial side by a Plastic holding body 18, which extends essentially in a transverse plane, is attached to a second axial end of the tubular first housing part 14 opposite the first axial end, and essentially completely closes the first housing part 14 on the second axial side.
  • the second housing part 16 comprises a centrally arranged bearing receptacle 161, in which an annular radial bearing element 201 of a first shaft radial bearing 20 designed as a plain bearing is arranged.
  • Fig. 2 shows a top view of an inside of the plastic holding body 18 facing the housing chamber 12.
  • the plastic holding body 18 is a one-piece injection molded part and comprises a main section 181 and a bearing section 182. On the inside of the main section 181, two sliding contact element receptacles 1811 are formed, in each of which a sliding contact element 22 is held in a radially displaceable manner. Furthermore, two contact lug element receptacles 1812 are formed on the main section 181, in each of which a contact lug element 24 is arranged.
  • the bearing section 182 is essentially annular and is arranged in the center of the main section 181.
  • the bearing section 182 has a cylindrical rotor shaft opening 1821, the inner surface of which forms a sliding surface 261 of a second shaft radial bearing 26 designed as a sliding bearing.
  • the entire plastic holding body 18 can consist of a single plastic material, which advantageously has both relatively good electrical insulation properties and relatively good tribological properties.
  • the main section 181 and the Bearing section 182 also consists of different plastic materials, the plastic material used for the main section 181 advantageously having particularly good electrical insulation properties and the plastic material used for the bearing section 182 advantageously having particularly good tribological properties.
  • the main section 181 is produced in a first injection molding step and then the bearing section 182 is molded onto the main section 181 in a second injection molding step.
  • the contact lug elements 24 each extend from an outside of the plastic holding body 18 facing away from the housing chamber 12 through the respective contact lug element receptacle 1812 to the inside of the plastic holding body 18 and are held by the plastic holding body 18.
  • the contact tab elements 24 are made of a metal with good electrical conductivity.
  • the sliding contact elements 22 consist of graphite, which has good electrical conductivity, and are each electrically connected to a contact tab element 24 via an electrically conductive connecting element 28. Furthermore, the sliding contact elements 22 are each pressed radially inwards against a radial outside of a commutator unit 30 arranged in the housing chamber 12 by a spring element, not shown.
  • the commutator unit 30 is attached to a rotor body 32, which in turn is attached to a rotatably mounted rotor shaft 34.
  • the commutator unit 30 comprises a substantially hollow cylindrical base body 301 and five separate grinding surface elements 302 which are attached to the base body 301.
  • the base body 301 radially surrounds the rotor shaft 34 and consists of an electrically insulating material, typically a plastic material.
  • the abrasive surface elements 302 are made of a material with relatively good electrical conductivity, typically a metal.
  • the grinding surface elements 302 are distributed along the circumference of the base body 301 on a radial outside of the base body 301 in such a way that when the commutator unit 30 rotates together with the rotor body 32 during operation of the electrical machine 10, they are electrically contacted one after the other by the sliding contact elements 22.
  • the rotor shaft 34 is mounted radially on the first axial side of the rotor body 32 via the first shaft radial bearing 20 in the second housing part 16.
  • the rotor shaft 34 is mounted radially on the second axial side of the rotor body 32 via the second shaft radial bearing 26 in the plastic holding body 18, the rotor shaft 34 extending through the rotor shaft opening 1821 of the plastic holding body 18 and an outer surface 341 of the rotor shaft 34 in frictional contact with the sliding surface 261 stands.
  • the rotor shaft 34 is mounted in both axial directions via the plastic holding body 18. In a first axial direction, the rotor shaft 34 is mounted on the plastic holding body 18 via an annular disk-shaped axial bearing element 40 fastened to the rotor shaft 34, the axial bearing element 40 resting on the outside of the bearing section 182 of the plastic holding body 18.
  • the rotor shaft 34 is connected to the rotor body 32, the commutator unit 30 and an annular thrust washer 42, which is arranged between the commutator unit 30 and the plastic holding body 18 Plastic holding body 18 is mounted, the thrust washer 42 resting on the inside of the bearing section 182 of the plastic holding body 18 and the commutator unit resting on the axial side of the thrust washer 42 facing away from the plastic holding body 18.
  • the rotor body 32 consists of a large number of ferromagnetic sheet metal parts 321, which are stacked in the axial direction to form a laminated core 322.
  • Five rotor windings 36 are arranged on the rotor body 32, which are held by the rotor body 32 and are arranged distributed along the circumference of the rotor body 32.
  • Each rotor winding 36 is electrically connected to one of the grinding surface elements 302 of the commutator unit 30.
  • a fixed stator body 38 is also arranged in the housing chamber 12.
  • the stator body 38 is annular and attached to an inside of the first housing part 14.
  • the stator body 38 completely encloses the rotor body 32 radially.
  • the stator body 38 is permanently magnetized in such a way that at least two stator magnetic poles are defined along its circumference.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative plastic holding body 18 'according to the invention, which can be used in the electrical machine 10 instead of the plastic holding body 18.
  • the corresponding reference number from FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 is used to designate features already known from the plastic holding body 18.
  • the plastic holding body 18' differs from the plastic holding body 18 only in that in the main section 181 of the plastic holding body 18' there are seven flow openings 44 through which the plastic holding body 18' can flow axially.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine électrique (10) comprenant : - un corps de stator fixe (38), - un arbre de rotor rotatif (34) qui est monté au moyen d'un palier radial d'arbre (26), - un corps de rotor ferromagnétique (32) qui est fixé sur l'arbre de rotor (34) et est disposé à l'intérieur du corps de stator (38), - au moins un enroulement de rotor (36) qui est disposé sur le corps de rotor (32), - une unité commutateur (30) qui est disposée pour une rotation conjointe avec le corps de rotor (32) et est électriquement connectée au ou aux enroulements de rotor (36), - un corps de maintien en plastique monobloc fixe (18; 18'), et - au moins un élément de contact glissant (22) qui est maintenu par le corps de maintien en plastique (18; 18'), est constitué d'un matériau électriquement conducteur et repose sur l'unité commutateur (30). Comme, dans la machine électrique (10) selon l'invention, le palier radial d'arbre (26) est un palier lisse, avec une surface de glissement (261) formée par le corps de maintien en plastique (18; 18'), la machine électrique (10) selon l'invention est relativement peu coûteuse et facile à installer.
PCT/EP2022/059258 2022-04-07 2022-04-07 Machine électrique WO2023193912A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2022/059258 WO2023193912A1 (fr) 2022-04-07 2022-04-07 Machine électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2022/059258 WO2023193912A1 (fr) 2022-04-07 2022-04-07 Machine électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023193912A1 true WO2023193912A1 (fr) 2023-10-12

Family

ID=81580696

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2022/059258 WO2023193912A1 (fr) 2022-04-07 2022-04-07 Machine électrique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2023193912A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0168742B1 (fr) * 1984-07-16 1989-09-06 Braun Aktiengesellschaft Flasque-palier du côté commutateur pour micromoteurs à courant continu
DE10201140A1 (de) 2002-01-15 2003-08-14 Pierburg Gmbh Getriebe-Motorkombination
EP1976099B1 (fr) * 2007-03-27 2018-11-07 Vorwerk & Co. Interholding GmbH Moteur électrique doté d'un rotor et d'un stator
US20190181715A1 (en) * 2017-12-11 2019-06-13 Mcmillan Electric Company Impact resistant electric motor
CN113228469A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2021-08-06 罗伯特·博世有限公司 燃料泵

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0168742B1 (fr) * 1984-07-16 1989-09-06 Braun Aktiengesellschaft Flasque-palier du côté commutateur pour micromoteurs à courant continu
DE10201140A1 (de) 2002-01-15 2003-08-14 Pierburg Gmbh Getriebe-Motorkombination
EP1976099B1 (fr) * 2007-03-27 2018-11-07 Vorwerk & Co. Interholding GmbH Moteur électrique doté d'un rotor et d'un stator
US20190181715A1 (en) * 2017-12-11 2019-06-13 Mcmillan Electric Company Impact resistant electric motor
CN113228469A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2021-08-06 罗伯特·博世有限公司 燃料泵

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