WO2023193350A1 - 高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置 - Google Patents

高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023193350A1
WO2023193350A1 PCT/CN2022/101044 CN2022101044W WO2023193350A1 WO 2023193350 A1 WO2023193350 A1 WO 2023193350A1 CN 2022101044 W CN2022101044 W CN 2022101044W WO 2023193350 A1 WO2023193350 A1 WO 2023193350A1
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Prior art keywords
metal rubber
low temperature
rubber bearing
bearing
compression
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PCT/CN2022/101044
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周焕阳
姚明格
杨峰
刘浩
刘德军
雷霆
王朝杰
孙航
宁薇薇
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天津航天瑞莱科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023193350A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023193350A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0075—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of testing devices, and in particular to a bending stiffness testing device for metal rubber bearings in high and low temperature environments.
  • Metal rubber bearings are composed of metal large joints, metal small joints and metal-rubber laminates.
  • the metal rubber bearing is an important component of the tail system. Through the deformation of the metal-rubber laminate of the metal rubber bearing, the bending and torsional motion of the tail rotor blade is realized.
  • the helicopter's flight attitude is complex and changeable, and it may face severe cold and hot weather conditions, resulting in a harsh working environment for the bearings.
  • the stiffness characteristics of the support bearings largely determine the performance of the rotor system, and even affect the flight of the helicopter. Safety.
  • the existing patent discloses an ambient temperature-controllable elastic bearing bending stiffness detection system and its detection method.
  • the bending stiffness test uses a DC motor to drive the torsion bar to rotate through a traction device, and the transmission chain exerted by the traction force is relatively long. , there will be a large error in the measured value of the force; the calculation of the bending moment is the traction force multiplied by the moment arm L.
  • the temperature control box designed by this patented technology uses heating wires to generate heat, which can only achieve high-temperature environments and cannot detect bending stiffness at low temperatures.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a bending stiffness testing device for metal rubber bearings in high and low temperature environments in view of the technical defects existing in the prior art.
  • a bending stiffness test device for metal rubber bearings in high and low temperature environments including a pre-compression fixture used to fix the metal rubber bearing to be tested and provide axial pre-compression.
  • the pre-compression fixture is installed on the outer fixed frame and connected with the The external fixed frame is enclosed together in the insulating box.
  • the pre-compression tooling includes two relatively spaced and vertically arranged compression frames. Two support plates spaced up and down are arranged on the opposite sides of the two compression frames. The horizontal
  • the loading shaft is arranged to pass between the two compression frames and the four support plates are located outside the loading shaft. One end of the loading shaft extends from a side wall of the insulating box and is in contact with the torque sensor.
  • the torque sensor is connected to the external shaft through the connecting device of the hydraulic actuator.
  • the other end of the loading shaft extends from the other side wall of the insulating box and is connected to the angle sensor; the hydraulic actuator is vertically connected.
  • Straight arrangement by applying a load to rotate the loading shaft, a bending moment is applied to the metal rubber bearing fixed between the pre-compression tooling and the loading shaft, so that the metal rubber bearing reaches the target bending angle; the insulation box is connected through a closed-loop air duct A high and low temperature test chamber used to provide high and low temperature air to the inside of the insulating box to form a required high and low temperature testing environment inside the insulating box.
  • the shaft section of the loading shaft used to position the metal rubber bearing is a rectangular shaft section.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the rectangular shaft section are formed with bosses for positioning the metal rubber bearings.
  • the first joint between the bosses and the metal rubber bearings The groove surface is fit and fixed with the first joint of the metal rubber bearing using bolts.
  • the support plate is fixed with the second joint of the metal rubber bearing through the bearing connecting bolt. The spacer between the second joints adjusts the compression of the metal-rubber bearing.
  • One end of the loading shaft is a square key, which is transitionally matched with the keyway of the torque sensor; the other end of the loading shaft is a keyway, which is clearance matched with the rotation axis of the angle sensor.
  • connection device of the hydraulic actuator includes a U-shaped piece and a connecting plate that cooperates with the U-shaped piece.
  • One side of the two opposite sides of the U-shaped piece is connected to the torque through a first bolt.
  • the sensor is connected, and the other side is connected to the flange end face of the external shaft through a second bolt; one end of the connecting plate extends between the two opposite sides of the U-shaped piece, and is connected to the U-shaped member through a pin.
  • the parts form a rotational connection, and the other end is connected to the hydraulic actuator.
  • the external fixed frame includes an external fixed frame bottom plate, two oppositely arranged fixed side panels, two oppositely arranged movable side panels and a cross-shaped cover plate.
  • the fixed side panels and the movable side panels are The bottom end is connected to the upper surface of the outer fixed frame bottom plate using bottom bolts, and the tops of the fixed side plates and movable side plates are connected to the lower surface of the cover plate using top bolts; the movable side plates are installed through rolling bearings A rolling bearing is installed in the hole, and the inner hole of the rolling bearing is transitionally matched with the optical axes at both ends of the loading shaft.
  • the two compression frames are each detachably installed on one of the fixed side plates.
  • the bottom plate of the outer fixed frame is fixed on the bottom plate, the bottom plate is connected to the test platform through connecting bolts, and the insulation box is placed on the bottom plate; the support device of the external shaft is installed on the bottom plate, so The support structure of the angle sensor is installed on the test platform with bolts through the U-shaped mounting holes at the bottom of the base plate.
  • the temperature sensor is placed from the temperature sensor opening into the inside of the insulating box and is located near the metal rubber bearing to control the environment of the insulating box.
  • temperature; the two side plates of the insulating box are provided with an inlet and outlet of the insulating box, and the two side plates of the high and low temperature test box are provided with an air inlet and an outlet of the test box; the inlet of the insulating box The air outlet is connected to the air outlet of the test box; the air outlet of the insulating box is connected to the air inlet of the test box through a fan.
  • the hydraulic actuator is fixed on the extended base of the hydraulic actuator, the extended base of the hydraulic actuator is fixed on the top beam of the load-bearing girder, and the load-bearing girder is fixed on the test platform through bolts.
  • the front end of the hydraulic actuator is an internal thread interface, which is connected with the external thread of the connecting plate.
  • the bending moment is applied by a hydraulic actuator, the bending moment is measured directly by a torque sensor arranged on the torsion shaft, and the angle is measured by an angle sensor. Measure at the end face of the torsion shaft to ensure the accuracy of the bending stiffness calculation.
  • an insulating box is designed outside the bending stiffness testing tooling, which is connected to the high and low temperature test chamber through fans and air ducts.
  • the high and low temperature test chamber provides a high and low temperature test environment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the metal rubber bearing bending stiffness testing device in high and low temperature environments of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of part A shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bending stiffness test tooling after removing the insulation box in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the pre-compression tooling of the metal rubber bearing in Part B shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the pre-compression tooling after removing the metal rubber bearing shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the external fixed frame
  • Figure 7 is a schematic exploded view of the angle sensor fixing mechanism
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the exploded exploded structure of part C shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the explosion and decomposition structure of the insulating box.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal rubber bearing.
  • 1-Test platform 2-Bending stiffness test tooling, 3-Hydraulic actuator, 4-Hydraulic actuator extension base, 5-Load-bearing beam, 6-Insulation box, 7-Fan, 8-Air duct, 9- High and low temperature test chamber, 10-flange, 11-base plate, 12-external shaft fixing device, 13-external rolling bearing, 14-external shaft, 15-U-shaped piece, 16-connecting plate, 17-torque sensor, 18- Loading shaft, 19-external fixed frame, 20-metal rubber bearing, 21-precompression tooling, 22-angle sensor, 23-angle sensor fixing tool, 24-adjusting piece, 25-pitch washer;
  • 201-bearing mounting hole 202-bearing loading hole, 203-first joint, 204-metal rubber laminate, 205-second joint;
  • the bending stiffness test device for metal rubber bearings in high and low temperature environments includes a bending stiffness test tool 2, a temperature loading system and a bending moment loading system, wherein the bending stiffness test tool 2 includes A pre-compression tooling 21 used to fix the metal rubber bearing 20 and provide axial pre-compression.
  • the pre-compression tooling includes two relatively spaced and vertically arranged compression racks. Two compression racks are respectively arranged on the opposite sides. There are support plates arranged at intervals up and down. The horizontally arranged loading shaft 18 passes between the two compression frames and the four support plates are respectively located outside the loading shaft 18. A fixed metal rubber is formed on each support plate.
  • the temperature loading system includes an insulating box 6 and a high and low temperature test box 9.
  • the high and low temperature test box and the insulating box are connected through a closed-loop air duct to provide high and low temperature air to the insulating box to form the required high and low temperature in the insulating box.
  • Test environment the temperature loading system is coupled with the bending stiffness test tool 2, and the insulating box 6 is used to seal the pre-compression tool 21 and the outer fixing frame 19 of the bending stiffness test tool 2, and the high and low temperature test chamber 9 provides a high and low temperature test environment;
  • One end of the loading shaft 18 protrudes from a side wall of the insulation box 6 and is connected to a torque sensor 17.
  • the torque sensor 17 is connected to the external shaft 14 through a connecting device of a hydraulic actuator.
  • the loading shaft 18 The other end extends from the other side wall of the insulating box 6 and is connected to the angle sensor 22 .
  • the bending moment loading system is connected to the connecting device of the hydraulic actuator, and uses a vertically arranged hydraulic actuator 3 for loading to rotate the loading shaft 18 until the metal rubber bearing reaches the target bending angle.
  • the two radial side plates 65 of the insulating box are provided with an air inlet and an air outlet of the insulating box, and a flange 10 is installed on the outside of the air inlet and the air outlet of the insulating box.
  • a flange 10 is installed on the outside of the test box air inlet and test box air outlet;
  • the air inlet of the fan 7 is connected, and the air outlet of the fan 7 is connected to the air inlet of the test box through the air duct 8;
  • the air inlet of the insulating box is connected to the air outlet of the test box through another air duct; in this way, the insulating box 6, the air duct 8, and the fan 7.
  • the high and low temperature test chambers 9 form a circulating closed-loop air duct with each other.
  • a temperature sensor opening 67 on the top of the insulation box 6 for inserting and installing a temperature sensor (not shown).
  • the temperature sensor can be placed near the pre-compression tool 21 to measure the internal temperature.
  • the temperature sensor placed inside the box 6 is used to accurately control the test environment temperature of the metal rubber bearing in the insulation box 6 through the high and low temperature test box 9 when performing a bending stiffness test.
  • the high and low temperature test chamber 9 is an existing high and low temperature test chamber, and can be a high and low temperature test chamber model TH1000D produced by Tianjin Aerospace Relai Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing Branch, or a similar test chamber.
  • the invention utilizes the control software system that comes with the high and low temperature test chamber to accurately control the ambient temperature near the metal rubber bearing in the insulation box.
  • the insulating box 6 is in a rectangular shape as a whole, including an axial side plate 64, a radial side plate 65, and a top plate 66.
  • the axial side plate 64, the radial side plate 65, and the top plate 66 are all designed with Each panel can be assembled into a whole by installing bolts matching the mounting holes 61.
  • the radial side plate 65 is designed with a vent 62 forming an air outlet and an air inlet of the insulating box. It is connected to the flange plate 10 through the flange mounting hole 63 formed on the radial side plate 65, and then through the flange.
  • the disk 10 is connected with the air duct 8.
  • each panel of the insulating box 6 and the outside of the air duct are arranged with a heat insulation layer.
  • the material of the heat insulation layer can be high-density insulation cotton of nitrile rubber, which is used for heat preservation of the entire air duct circulation.
  • the bending moment loading system also includes a test platform 1, a load-bearing beam 5, and a hydraulic actuator extension base 4.
  • the load-bearing girder 5 is fixed on the test platform 1 through bolts
  • the hydraulic actuator 3 is fixed on the hydraulic actuator extension base 4 through bolts
  • the hydraulic actuator extension base 4 is fixed on the top beam of the load-bearing girder 5 through bolts.
  • the front end of the hydraulic actuator 3 is an internal thread interface, which can be connected with the connecting device of the hydraulic actuator.
  • the hydraulic actuator 3 can apply a load through the control system to rotate the loading shaft 18, thereby applying a bending moment to the metal rubber bearing 20.
  • the bending stiffness test fixture includes a base plate 11, and the pre-compression fixture 21, external fixing frame 19, insulation box 6, and external shaft fixing device 12 are all installed and fixed on the base plate 11.
  • the bottom plate 11 is designed with a through hole and is connected to the test platform 1 through bolts.
  • the angle sensor fixing tool 23 is fixed on the test platform 1 .
  • the bearing mounting section of the loading shaft 18 is a rectangular section, and its upper and lower surfaces are designed with bearing mounting bosses 182 for positioning metal rubber bearings.
  • the first joint between the bearing mounting bosses 182 and the metal rubber bearings 20 The groove surface on the metal rubber bearing 203 fits, the bearing mounting boss has at least two bolt connection holes 183 arranged radially, and the first joint 203 of the metal rubber bearing 20 has a corresponding bearing mounting hole 201; and then through the bolts It is fixed with the groove on the bottom surface of the first joint 203 of the metal rubber bearing.
  • the pre-compression tooling 21 utilizes its support plate and the bolt holes on it to be fixed with the bearing loading holes 202 on the second joint 205 of the metal rubber bearing 20 through bolts.
  • bearing loading holes 202 There are two bearing loading holes 202, one for each of the two opposite support plates.
  • a pair of bolt holes is used to adjust the compression amount of the metal rubber bearing through the distance-adjusting washer 25 located at the position of the bolt hole.
  • Between the first joint and the second joint is the metal rubber laminate 204 of the metal rubber bearing 20.
  • one end of the loading shaft 18 is a square key 181, which is transitionally matched with the keyway 173 of the torque sensor 17; the other end of the loading shaft 18 is a keyway, which is connected with the rotation axis of the angle sensor 22 221 clearance fit.
  • the outer fixed frame 19 includes an outer fixed frame bottom plate 191, two opposite fixed side plates, two opposite movable side plates 196, and a cross-shaped cover plate 195.
  • the outer fixed frame bottom plate 191 has The fixing holes 192 and the positioning holes 193 are first positioned with the positioning holes on the base plate 11 through the positioning holes 193, and then fixed with the base plate 11 through the fixing holes 192.
  • the fixed side plate is designed with threaded holes, and is connected to the pre-compression tool 21 through bolts matching the compression tool fixing holes 211.
  • the pre-compression tool 21 is installed on the fixed side plate, and the fixed side plate is fixed to the bottom plate of the outer fixed frame.
  • the bottom of the movable side plate 196 is designed with threaded holes, which are fixed to the bottom plate mounting holes 198 through bolts.
  • Each movable side plate 196 is designed with a rolling bearing mounting hole, including a first rolling bearing mounting hole 194 and a second rolling bearing mounting hole 197, which are used to install corresponding rolling bearings.
  • the movable side plate 196 is designed to be detachable to facilitate the installation of the loading shaft 18 .
  • the cover plate 195 is designed with eight through holes, which are connected with the threaded holes on the top of the fixed side plate and the movable side plate through bolts to enhance the strength of the outer fixed frame 19 .
  • the angle sensor is installed on the test platform through a T-shaped angle sensor fixing tool 23, and a U-shaped mounting hole 231 is designed on the bottom plate, which is fixed to the test platform 1 through bolts; U-shaped installation The hole 231 allows the installation position of the angle sensor 22 to be adjusted in the radial direction.
  • the height adjustment U-shaped hole 232 is designed on the vertical plate of the angle sensor fixing tool 23, which is fixed by bolts to the adjusting piece 24 located between the vertical plate and the insulating box 6. There is an adjusting piece mounting hole at the corresponding position of the adjusting piece 24. 241;
  • the design of the height adjustment U-shaped hole 232 allows the installation position of the angle sensor 22 to be adjusted vertically.
  • the adjusting piece 24 is designed with three fixing holes 243 evenly distributed on the circular axis, which are connected with the three threaded holes 222 on the angle sensor 22 for fixing the angle sensor 22 .
  • the through holes 242 between the fixing holes 243 on the adjusting piece 24 are used to avoid the boss on the angle sensor during installation.
  • the rotation shaft 221 on the angle sensor 22 passes through the through hole 242 on the adjustment piece and mates with the keyway at one end of the loading shaft 18 for measuring the rotation angle of the loading shaft 18 .
  • the torque sensor 17 connects the loading shaft 18 and the external shaft 14 to measure the bending moment on the loading shaft 18 during the bending stiffness test.
  • the other end of the torque sensor 17 is a keyway 173 , which transitionally cooperates with the square key 181 at one end of the loading shaft 18 to transmit the bending moment to the metal-rubber bearing 20 .
  • the torque sensor pin hole 172 on the torque sensor 17 is transitionally matched with the pin hole at one end of the loading shaft 18 to prevent the torque sensor 17 from being separated from the loading shaft 18 at the mating point.
  • the connection device of the hydraulic actuator includes a U-shaped member 15 and a connecting plate 16.
  • the U-shaped member 15 is designed with side connection holes 151 with internal thread structures on both sides. One side is fixed to the torque sensor mounting hole 171 on the flange end of the torque sensor 17 through bolts; the other side is fixed to the flange end mounting hole 141 of the external shaft 14 through bolts.
  • the circular end of the connecting plate 16 extends between the two side plates of the U-shaped part 15, and the pin hole 162 of the connecting plate and the pin hole 152 on the U-shaped part are transitionally matched through the pin. .
  • the other end of the connecting plate 16 is an actuator connection threaded port 161, which is connected to the internal thread interface at the front end of the hydraulic actuator 3.
  • the external shaft fixing device 12 includes a tooling bottom plate, a vertical plate and a rib plate.
  • the tooling bottom plate is designed with fixing holes and positioning holes.
  • the positioning holes are first connected with the positioning holes of the base plate 11 of the bending stiffness test tooling. Position, and then fix it through the fixing hole and the bottom plate 11 of the bending stiffness test tooling.
  • the vertical plate is designed with an outer rolling bearing mounting hole for installing the outer rolling bearing 13.
  • the installation method is a transition fit; the rib is integrated with the vertical plate and the bottom plate.
  • the flange end mounting hole 141 at one end of the outer shaft 14 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped piece 15 through bolts, and the optical axis at the other end is transitionally matched with the inner hole of the outer rolling bearing 13.
  • the bending stiffness test device of metal rubber bearings in high and low temperature environments of the present invention uses a hydraulic actuator to apply the bending moment, and the bending moment is measured directly by a torque sensor arranged on the loading shaft.
  • the angle The measurement uses an angle sensor to measure on the end face of the loading shaft to ensure the accuracy of the bending stiffness calculation.
  • Arranging the angle sensor and torque sensor outside the insulation box can avoid measurement errors or damage to the sensor caused by temperatures exceeding the sensor's operating temperature, ensuring the accuracy of bending moment and angle measurements.
  • There is an insulating box outside the bending stiffness testing tool which is connected to the high and low temperature test chamber through fans and air ducts.
  • the temperature sensor is built near the metal rubber bearing inside the insulating box.
  • the high and low temperature test chamber provides a high and low temperature test environment, making the temperature control operation simple. , precise control.
  • the application of the invention can effectively meet the bending stiffness test requirements of metal rubber bearings in high and low temperature environments.

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Abstract

一种高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承（20）弯曲刚度试验装置，包括固定金属橡胶轴承（20）并提供轴向预压缩量的封闭于保温箱（6）内的预压缩工装（21），预压缩工装（21）包括经外固定框（19）实现相对隔开且立式布置的两压缩架，两压缩架相对侧面各自布置两上下间隔的支撑板，水平的加载轴（18）自两压缩架间穿过且四个支撑板分别位于加载轴（18）外侧，加载轴（18）一端自保温箱（6）一侧壁伸出后接扭矩传感器（17），扭矩传感器（17）经液压作动筒（3）连接装置接外部轴，加载轴（18）另一端经保温箱（6）另一侧壁伸出后接角度传感器（22）；液压作动筒（3）竖直布置施加载荷使加载轴（18）旋转，对金属橡胶轴承施（20）加弯矩，使金属橡胶轴承（20）弯曲；保温箱（6）经闭环风道连接向其内部提供高低温风的高低温试验箱（9）。可有效对金属橡胶轴承（20）进行弯曲刚度试验。

Description

高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置 技术领域
本发明涉及试验装置技术领域，特别是涉及一种高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置。
背景技术
金属橡胶轴承由金属大接头、金属小接头和金属-橡胶叠层组成。金属橡胶轴承是尾翼系统的重要部件，通过金属橡胶轴承的金属-橡胶叠层的变形，实现尾桨叶的弯曲、扭转运动。直升机飞行姿态复杂多变，又可能面临严寒酷暑的气候环境，导致了轴承工作环境的恶劣，支撑轴承的刚度特性优劣，很大程度上决定了旋翼系统的性能好坏，甚至影响直升机的飞行安全。
现有专利(申请号2019106641079)公开一种环境温度可控的弹性轴承弯曲刚度检测系统及其检测方法，其弯曲刚度的测试采用直流电机通过牵引装置带动扭转杆转动，牵引力施加的传导链较长，力的测量值会存在较大误差；弯矩的计算为牵引力乘以力臂L，当轴承发生弯曲角度θ时，弯矩的计算存在偏差。而且该专利的技术设计的温度控制箱采用加热丝发热，仅能实现高温环境，不能检测低温下的弯曲刚度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中存在的技术缺陷，而提供一种高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置。
为实现本发明的目的所采用的技术方案是：
一种高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，包括用来固定待测试的金属橡胶轴承并提供轴向预压缩量的预压缩工装，所述预压缩工装安装于外固定框上并与所述外固定框一起封闭于保温箱内，所述预压缩工装包括两个相对隔开且立式布置的压缩架，两个压缩架的相对侧面上各自布置两个上下间隔的支撑板，水平布置的加载轴自两个压缩架之间穿过且四个所述支撑板分别位于所述加载轴的外侧，所述加载轴的一端自所述保温箱的一个侧壁伸出后与扭矩传感器连接，该扭矩传感器经液压作动筒的连接装置与外部轴连接，所述加载轴的另一端自所述保温箱的另一个侧壁伸出后与角度传感器连接；所述液压作动筒竖直布置，通过施加载荷使所述加载轴旋转，对固定在预压缩工装以及加载轴之间的金属橡胶轴承施加弯矩，使金属橡胶轴承达到目标弯曲角度；所述保温箱通过闭环风道连接用于向所述保温箱内部提供高低温风以使保温箱内部形成需要的高低温测试环境的高低温试验箱。
其中，所述加载轴用于定位金属橡胶轴承的轴段为矩形轴段，该矩形轴段的上下表面形成有定位金属橡胶轴承的凸台，所述凸台与金属橡胶轴承的第一接头上的凹槽面贴合，并与金属橡胶轴承的第一接头采用螺栓件固定，所述支撑板通过轴承连接螺栓与金属橡胶轴承的第二接头固定，通过位于所述支撑板与金属橡胶轴承的第二接头间的调距垫片调整金属橡胶轴承的压缩量。
其中，所述加载轴的一端为方键，与所述扭矩传感器的键槽过渡配合；所述加载轴另一端为键槽，与所述角度传感器的转动轴间隙配合。
其中，所述液压作动筒的连接装置包括一个U形件以及与所述U形件配合的连接板，所述U形件的两个相对的侧面的一个侧面通过第一螺栓与所述扭矩传感器连接，另一个侧面通过第二螺栓与所述外部轴的法兰端面连接；所述连接板的一端伸入所述U形件的两个相对侧面之间，通过销轴与所述U形件形成转动连接，另一端与所述液压作动筒连接。
其中，所述外固定框包括一个外固定框底板、两个相对布置的固定侧板、两个相对布置的活动侧板及一个十字型结构的盖板，所述固定侧板、活动侧板的底端与所述外固定框底板的上表面采用底部螺栓连接，所述固定侧板、活动侧板的顶端与所述盖板的下表面采用顶部螺栓连接；所述活动侧板上通过滚动轴承安装孔安装有滚动轴承，所述滚动轴承的内孔与所述加载轴两端的光轴过渡配合，两个所述压缩架各自可拆卸式安装于一个所述固定侧板上。
其中，所述外固定框底板固定于底板上，所述底板通过连接螺栓与试验平台连接，所述保温箱置于所述底板上；所述外部轴的支撑装置安装于所述底板上，所述角度传感器的支撑结构通过其底板底部的U形安装孔用螺栓安装于所述试验平台上。
其中，所述保温箱的顶面上设有温度传感器开孔，用于试验时将温度传感器从温度传感器开孔置入保温箱内部，并位于所述金属橡胶轴承附近，用以控制保温箱环境温度；所述保温箱的两个侧板上开有保温箱进风口和保温箱出风口，所述高低温试验箱的两侧板上开有试验箱进风口和试验箱出风口；保温箱进风口与试验箱出风口连接；保温箱出风口通过风机与试验箱进风口连接。
其中，所述液压作动筒固定在液压作动筒延长底座上，所述液压作动筒延长底座固定在承力大梁的顶梁上，所述承力大梁通过螺栓固定在试验平台上。
其中，所述液压作动筒的前端为内螺纹接口，与所述连接板的外螺纹相连接。
本发明的高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，其弯矩的施加采用液压作动筒实现，弯矩的测量采用在扭转轴上布置扭矩传感器来直接测量，角度的测量采用角度 传感器在扭转轴端面测量，以此保证弯曲刚度计算的准确性。同时在弯曲刚度测试工装外部设计保温箱，通过风机、风管与高低温试验箱连通，由高低温试验箱提供高低温测试环境。
附图说明
图1是本发明的高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示A部分的局部放大结构示意图；
图3为图2中去除保温箱后的弯曲刚度试验工装结构示意图；
图4为图3所示B部分金属橡胶轴承的预压缩工装的结构示意图；
图5为图4所示去除金属橡胶轴承后的预压缩工装结构示意图；
图6为外固定框的爆炸分解结构示意图；
图7为角度传感器固定机构的爆炸分解结构示意图；
图8为图3所示C部分的爆炸分解结构示意图；
图9为保温箱的爆炸分解结构示意图；
图10为金属橡胶轴承的结构示意图。
图中：
1-试验平台，2-弯曲刚度试验工装，3-液压作动筒，4-液压作动筒延长底座，5-承力大梁，6-保温箱，7-风机，8-风管，9-高低温试验箱，10-法兰盘，11-底板，12-外部轴固定装置，13-外滚动轴承，14-外部轴，15-U形件，16-连接板，17-扭矩传感器，18-加载轴，19-外固定框，20-金属橡胶轴承，21-预压缩工装，22-角度传感器，23-角度传感器固定工装，24-调整片，25-调距垫片；
61-安装孔，62-通风口，63-法兰安装孔，64-轴向侧板，65-径向侧板，66-顶板，67-温度传感器开孔，68-加载轴开孔；
141-法兰端安装孔；
151-侧面连接孔，152-销孔；
161-作动筒连接螺纹口，162-连接板销孔；
171-扭矩传感器安装孔，172-扭矩传感器销孔，173-键槽；
181-方键，182-轴承安装凸台，183-螺栓连接孔；
191-外固定框底板，192-固定孔，193-定位孔，194-第一滚动轴承安装孔，195-盖板，196-活动侧板，197-第二滚动轴承安装孔，198-底板安装孔；
201-轴承安装孔，202-轴承加载孔，203-第一接头，204-金属橡胶叠层，205-第二接头；
211-压缩工装固定孔；
221-转动轴，222-螺纹孔；
231-U型安装孔，232-高度调节U型孔；
241-调整片安装孔，242-通孔，243-固定孔。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
如图1-图10所示，本发明实施例的高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，包括弯曲刚度试验工装2、温度加载系统和弯矩加载系统，其中弯曲刚度试验工装2包含用来固定金属橡胶轴承20并提供轴向预压缩量的预压缩工装21，所述预压缩工装包括两个相对隔开且立式布置的压缩架，两个压缩架的相对侧面上各自布置两个上下间隔布置的支撑板，水平布置的加载轴18自两个压缩架之间穿过且四个所述支撑板分别位于所述加载轴18的外侧，在每个支撑板上形成固定金属橡胶轴承20的螺栓孔；
温度加载系统，包括有保温箱6以及高低温试验箱9，高低温试验箱与保温箱通过闭环风道连接，向所述保温箱提供高低温风，以使保温箱内形成所需要的高低温测试环境；温度加载系统与弯曲刚度试验工装2耦合，利用保温箱6将弯曲刚度试验工装2的预压缩工装21以及外固定框19密封在内，通过高低温试验箱9提供高低温测试环境；所述加载轴18的一端自所述保温箱6的一个侧壁伸出后与扭矩传感器17连接，该扭矩传感器17经液压作动筒的连接装置与外部轴14连接，所述加载轴18的另一端自所述保温箱6的另一个侧壁伸出后与角度传感器22连接。
弯矩加载系统，与液压作动筒的连接装置相连接，采用竖直布置的液压作动筒3进行加载，使加载轴18旋转，直至使金属橡胶轴承达到目标弯曲角度。
作为一个可选的实施例，所述保温箱的两个径向侧板65上开有保温箱进风口和保温箱出风口，保温箱进风口和保温箱出风口的外侧安装有法兰盘10；高低温试验箱9的两侧板上开有试验箱进风口和试验箱出风口，试验箱进风口和试验箱出风口的外侧安装有法兰盘10；保温箱出风口通过风管8与风机7进风口相连接，风机7出风口通过风管8与试验箱进风口连接；保温箱进风口通过另一根风管与试验箱出风口连接；如此，保温箱6、风管8、 风机7、高低温试验箱9相互间形成一个流通的闭环风道。
其中，所述保温箱6的顶部有温度传感器开孔67，用于伸入安装温度传感器(未示出)，温度传感器可置于预压缩工装21的附近，以测量内部的温度，所述保温箱6内部放置的温度传感器，用于在进行弯曲刚度试验时，能通过高低温试验箱9精确控制保温箱6内金属橡胶轴承的测试环境温度。
本发明实施例中，高低温试验箱9为现有高低温试验箱，可以采用天津航天瑞莱科技有限公司北京分公司生产的型号为TH1000D的高低温试验箱，或是类似的试验箱。本发明利用高低温试验箱自带的控制软件系统，精确控制保温箱内金属橡胶轴承附近的环境温度。
本发明实施例中，所述保温箱6整体呈矩形状，包括轴向侧板64、径向侧板65、顶板66，轴向侧板64、径向侧板65和顶板66上均设计有安装孔61，通过配合安装孔61的螺栓安装可以将各面板拼装成一个整体。
其中，径向侧板65上设计有形成保温箱出风口、保温箱进风口的通风口62，通过径向侧板65上形成的法兰安装孔63与法兰盘10连接，再通过法兰盘10与风管8对接。轴向侧板64上有加载轴开孔68，在进行高低温刚度试验时，加载轴18两端从加载轴开孔里伸出，再分别与角度传感器、扭矩传感器对接。将角度传感器22和扭矩传感器17布置在保温箱外面，能避免温度超过传感器使用温度造成测量误差或者导致传感器损坏；顶板66上有温度传感器开孔67。
其中，保温箱6的各个面板以及风管的外侧均布置有隔热层，隔热层材料可以为丁晴橡胶高密度隔热棉，用于整个风道循环的保温。
本发明实施例中，所述弯矩加载系统，还包括试验平台1、承力大梁5、液压作动筒延长底座4。承力大梁5通过螺栓固定在试验平台1上，液压作动筒3通过螺栓固定在液压作动筒延长底座4上，液压作动筒延长底座4通过螺栓固定在承力大梁5的顶梁上。液压作动筒3的前端为内螺纹接口，可以与液压作动筒的连接装置连接。液压作动筒3可以是通过控制系统施加载荷使加载轴18旋转，从而对金属橡胶轴承20施加弯矩。
本发明实施例中，所述弯曲刚度试验工装包括底板11，所述的预压缩工装21、外固定框19、保温箱6、外部轴固定装置12均在安装固定在该底板11上。所述底板11上设计有通孔，通过螺栓与试验平台1连接，角度传感器固定工装23固定于试验平台1上。
本发明实施例中，所述加载轴18的轴承安装段为矩形段，其上下表面均设计有定位金属橡胶轴承的轴承安装凸台182，轴承安装凸台182与金属橡胶轴承20的第一接头203上的凹槽面贴合，该轴承安装凸台上对应有径向布置的至少两个螺栓连接孔183，金属橡胶 轴承20的第一接头203上有对应的轴承安装孔201；再通过螺栓与金属橡胶轴承第一接头203底面的凹槽配合固定。预压缩工装21利用其支撑板以及其上的螺栓孔通过螺栓与金属橡胶轴承20第二接头205上的轴承加载孔202固定，轴承加载孔202为两个，分别与两个相对的支撑板上的螺栓孔对，通过位于螺栓孔位置处的调距垫片25调整金属橡胶轴承的压缩量，所述第一接头与第二接头间为金属橡胶轴承20的金属橡胶叠层204。
作为一个可选的实施例，所述的加载轴18一端为方键181，其与扭矩传感器17的键槽173过渡配合；所述的加载轴18另一端为键槽，其与角度传感器22的转动轴221间隙配合。
本发明实施例中，所述外固定框19包括外固定框底板191、两个相对的固定侧板、两个相对的活动侧板196、十字型的盖板195，外固定框底板191上有固定孔192和定位孔193，先通过定位孔193与底板11上的定位孔定位，再通过固定孔192与底板11进行固定。
所述固定侧板上设计有螺纹孔，通过配合压缩工装固定孔211的螺栓与预压缩工装21连接，将预压缩工装21安装在固定侧板上，固定侧板与外固定框底板固定。活动侧板196底部设计有螺纹孔，通过螺栓与底板安装孔198固定。活动侧板196上均设计有一处滚动轴承安装孔，包括第一滚动轴承安装孔194、第二滚动轴承安装孔197，用于安装对应的滚动轴承，所述的滚动轴承的内孔与加载轴18两端的光轴过渡配合。
其中，所述活动侧板196设计成可拆卸，是为了便于加载轴18的安装。所述盖板195上设计有八处通孔，其通过螺栓与固定侧板、活动侧板顶部的螺纹孔用螺栓相连接，用于加强外固定框19的强度。
本发明实施例中，所述角度传感器通过T型结构的角度传感器固定工装23安装于试验平台上，在其底板上设计有U型安装孔231，通过螺栓与试验平台1进行固定；U型安装孔231可以使角度传感器22的安装位置在径向进行调整。
其中，角度传感器固定工装23的竖板上设计高度调节U型孔232，其通过螺栓与位于其竖板与保温箱6之间的调整片24进行固定，调整片24对应位置有调整片安装孔241；高度调节U型孔232的设计，可以使角度传感器22的安装位置在垂向进行调整。
所述调整片24设计有三个圆轴均布的固定孔243，其与角度传感器22上的三个螺纹孔222相连接，用于角度传感器22的固定。所述调整片24上位于固定孔243之间的通孔242，用于安装时避让角度传感器上的凸台。
所述角度传感器22上的转动轴221，其穿过调整片上的通孔242，与加载轴18的一端的键槽间隙配合，用于测量加载轴18的转动角度。
本发明实施例中，所述扭矩传感器17将加载轴18与外部轴14连接起来，以便测量弯曲刚度试验时加载轴18上的弯矩。扭矩传感器17的法兰端面上有四个扭矩传感器安装孔171，其通过螺栓固定在U形件15的侧面连接孔151上。扭矩传感器17的另一端为键槽173，其与加载轴18的一端的方键181过渡配合，以传递弯矩到金属橡胶轴承20上。扭矩传感器17上的扭矩传感器销孔172，其与加载轴18一端的销孔过渡配合，以防止扭矩传感器17与加载轴18在配合处脱离。
本发明实施例中，所述液压作动筒的连接装置包括一个U形件15以及一个连接板16，所述U形件15在其两侧面均设计有内螺纹结构的侧面连接孔151，一侧面通过螺栓与扭矩传感器17法兰端面的扭矩传感器安装孔171固定；另一侧面通过螺栓与外部轴14的法兰端安装孔141固定。
本发明实施例中，所述连接板16在试验时其圆形一端伸入U形件15两侧板之间，通过销轴将连接板销孔162和U形件上的销孔152过渡配合。所述连接板16的另一端为作动筒连接螺纹口161，其与液压作动筒3前端的内螺纹接口相连接。
本发明实施例中，所述外部轴固定装置12包括工装底板、竖板和肋板，其工装底板上设计有固定孔和定位孔，先通过定位孔与弯曲刚度试验工装的底板11定位孔进行定位，再通过固定孔与弯曲刚度试验工装的底板11进行固定，其竖板上设计有外滚动轴承安装孔，用于安装外滚动轴承13，安装方式为过渡配合；其肋板与竖板、底板一体焊接，以加强外轴承固定工装的强度；外部轴14的一端的法兰端安装孔141通过螺栓与U形件15固定连接，另一端光轴与外滚动轴承13内孔过渡配合。
与现有技术相比，本发明的高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，其弯矩的施加采用液压作动筒实现，弯矩测量采用加载轴上布置的扭矩传感器直接测量，角度测量采用角度传感器在加载轴的端面测量，保证弯曲刚度计算的准确性。将角度传感器和扭矩传感器布置在保温箱外面，能避免温度超过传感器使用温度造成测量误差或者导致传感器损坏，确保弯矩和角度测量的准确性。在弯曲刚度测试工装外部设保温箱，通过风机、风管与高低温试验箱连通，温度传感器内置于保温箱内部金属橡胶轴承附近，由高低温试验箱提供高低温测试环境，使温度控制操作简单、控制精确。
本发明的应用，有效满足高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验要求。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点,对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明；
因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内，不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (9)

  1. 高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，其特征在于，包括用来固定待测试的金属橡胶轴承并提供轴向预压缩量的预压缩工装，所述预压缩工装安装于外固定框上并与所述外固定框一起封闭于保温箱内，所述预压缩工装包括两个相对隔开且立式布置的压缩架，两个压缩架的相对侧面上各自布置两个上下间隔的支撑板，水平布置的加载轴自两个压缩架之间穿过且四个所述支撑板分别位于所述加载轴的外侧，所述加载轴的一端自所述保温箱的一个侧壁伸出后与扭矩传感器连接，该扭矩传感器经液压作动筒的连接装置与外部轴连接，所述加载轴的另一端自所述保温箱的另一个侧壁伸出后与角度传感器连接；所述液压作动筒竖直布置，通过施加载荷使所述加载轴旋转，对固定在预压缩工装以及加载轴之间的金属橡胶轴承施加弯矩，使金属橡胶轴承达到目标弯曲角度；所述保温箱通过闭环风道连接用于向所述保温箱内部提供高低温风以使保温箱内部形成需要的高低温测试环境的高低温试验箱。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，其特征在于，所述加载轴用于定位金属橡胶轴承的轴段为矩形轴段，该矩形轴段的上下表面形成有定位金属橡胶轴承的凸台，所述凸台与金属橡胶轴承的第一接头上的凹槽面贴合，并与金属橡胶轴承的第一接头采用螺栓件固定，所述支撑板通过轴承连接螺栓与金属橡胶轴承的第二接头固定，通过位于所述支撑板与金属橡胶轴承的第二接头间的调距垫片调整金属橡胶轴承的压缩量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，其特征在于，所述加载轴的一端为方键，与所述扭矩传感器的键槽过渡配合；所述加载轴另一端为键槽，与所述角度传感器的转动轴间隙配合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，其特征在于，所述液压作动筒的连接装置包括一个U形件以及与所述U形件配合的连接板，所述U形件的两个相对的侧面的一个侧面通过第一螺栓与所述扭矩传感器连接，另一个侧面通过第二螺栓与所述外部轴的法兰端面连接；所述连接板的一端伸入所述U形件的两个相对侧面之间，通过销轴与所述U形件形成转动连接，另一端与所述液压作动筒连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，其特征在于，所述外固定框包括一个外固定框底板、两个相对布置的固定侧板、两个相对布置的活动侧板及一个十字型结构的盖板，所述固定侧板、活动侧板的底端与所述外固定框底板的上表面采用底部螺栓连接，所述固定侧板、活动侧板的顶端与所述盖板的下表面采用顶部螺栓连接；所述活动侧板上通过滚动轴承安装孔安装有滚动轴承，所述滚动轴承的内孔与所述加载轴两端的光轴过渡配合，两个所述压缩架各自可拆卸式安装于一个所述固定侧板上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，其特征在于，所 述外固定框底板固定于底板上，所述底板通过连接螺栓与试验平台连接，所述保温箱置于所述底板上；所述外部轴的支撑装置安装于所述底板上，所述角度传感器的支撑结构通过其底板底部的U形安装孔用螺栓安装于所述试验平台上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，其特征在于，所述保温箱的顶面上设有温度传感器开孔，用于试验时将温度传感器从温度传感器开孔置入保温箱内部，并位于所述金属橡胶轴承附近，用以控制保温箱环境温度；所述保温箱的两个侧板上开有保温箱进风口和保温箱出风口，所述高低温试验箱的两侧板上开有试验箱进风口和试验箱出风口；保温箱进风口与试验箱出风口连接；保温箱出风口通过风机与试验箱进风口连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，其特征在于，所述液压作动筒固定在液压作动筒延长底座上，所述液压作动筒延长底座固定在承力大梁的顶梁上，所述承力大梁通过螺栓固定在试验平台上。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述高低温环境下的金属橡胶轴承弯曲刚度试验装置，其特征在于，所述液压作动筒的前端为内螺纹接口，与所述连接板的外螺纹相连接。
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