WO2023185480A1 - 电缆和充电装置 - Google Patents

电缆和充电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023185480A1
WO2023185480A1 PCT/CN2023/081673 CN2023081673W WO2023185480A1 WO 2023185480 A1 WO2023185480 A1 WO 2023185480A1 CN 2023081673 W CN2023081673 W CN 2023081673W WO 2023185480 A1 WO2023185480 A1 WO 2023185480A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor
liquid cooling
cooling tube
liquid
wire
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/081673
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
窦红伟
Original Assignee
北京车和家汽车科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023185480A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185480A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/42—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of cables, and in particular to a cable and a charging device.
  • the present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art, at least to a certain extent.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure propose a cable that has a smaller cross-sectional area, is lighter in weight, and is capable of dissipating heat generated during use of the cable.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a charging device that can take away the heat generated by the cable during the charging process on the premise of ensuring the charging operation experience.
  • the cable in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a conductor and an outer sheath covering the outside of the conductor. At least one of the conductors is provided with a liquid cooling tube extending along its direction, and the conductor of the conductor is covered in The outer peripheral wall of the liquid cooling tube is filled with cooling liquid.
  • the outer sheath is used to block the heat generated by the wire in the outer sheath to ensure that the outer temperature of the cable is lower than the acceptable temperature of human hands, and the coolant in the liquid cooling tube is passed through Absorb the heat generated. Therefore, by adding a liquid-cooling tube filled with cooling liquid inside the wire, the inside of the cable can be cooled when it is used, thereby preventing oxidation of the cable due to excessive temperature. Moreover, it alleviates the restriction on increasing the cross-section of the cable to a certain extent, which is beneficial to increasing the cable carrying current.
  • the wires include a positive line and a negative line
  • the positive line includes a first liquid-cooled tube, a first conductor wrapped outside the first liquid-cooled tube, and a first conductor wrapped around the first liquid-cooled tube.
  • the first sheath on the outside of the conductor, the negative wire package It includes a second liquid cooling tube, a second conductor covering the outside of the second liquid cooling tube, and a second sheath covering the outside of the second conductor.
  • the first end of the first liquid cooling tube is connected to the first end of the second liquid cooling tube, and the second end of the first liquid cooling tube and the second liquid cooling tube Either one of the second ends forms a coolant outlet, and the other forms a coolant inlet.
  • the wires further include a ground wire, and a plurality of positive electrode wires and a plurality of negative electrode wires are arranged around the ground wire.
  • the wires further include a plurality of signal wires, and the signal wires are located in a gap surrounded by the positive wire, the negative wire and the outer sheath.
  • the positive electrode wire and the negative electrode wire are both one, and the positive electrode wire and the negative electrode wire are respectively located on both sides of the outer sheath in a diameter direction.
  • both the first sheath and the second sheath are thermally insulating sheaths.
  • the cooling liquid is a non-insulating aqueous solution or insulating silicone oil.
  • the charging device of the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: the cable, charging gun, water pump and water tank in any of the above embodiments, one end of the cable is connected to the charging gun, and the input end of the water pump is connected to the water tank. The output end of the water pump is connected to the liquid cooling pipe to pump the cooling liquid in the water tank into the liquid cooling pipe.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid-cooled cable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid-cooled cable according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a charging device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Cable 100 Outer sheath 1. Positive wire 2, first liquid cooling tube 201, first conductor 202, first sheath 203, Negative wire 3, second liquid cooling tube 301, second conductor 302, second sheath 303, Ground wire 4, signal wire 5, Charging gun 6, water pump 7, water tank 8, radiator 9.
  • the cable 100 includes a conductor and an outer sheath 1 sheathed on the outside of the conductor. At least one A liquid-cooling tube extending along the direction of the wire is provided inside the wire, and the conductor of the wire is wrapped on the outer peripheral wall of the liquid-cooling tube, so that the heat generated by the conductor is directly transferred to the liquid-cooling tube, The liquid cooling tube is filled with coolant.
  • the conductors in the cable 100 include DC+ conductors and DC- conductors, PE conductors (referring to ground conductors), signal conductors, etc.
  • DC+ wires and DC- wires are used to transmit load current, so DC+ wires and DC- wires are the main sources of heat.
  • the wires that the liquid cooling tube targets for cooling are the DC+ wires and DC- wires in the cable.
  • the outer sheath 1 is insulating and has sufficient hardness and thickness.
  • the outer sheath 1 of the cable 100 is usually made of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, neoprene and other materials.
  • fiber, metal and other materials may also be used as the sheath.
  • the outer sheath 1 is used to block the heat generated by the wire in the outer sheath 1 to ensure that the outer temperature of the cable 100 is lower than the acceptable temperature of human hands, and is cooled by liquid cooling
  • the coolant inside the tube absorbs the heat generated. Therefore, by adding a liquid-cooling tube filled with cooling liquid inside the wire, the inside of the cable 100 can be cooled when it is in use, thereby preventing the cable 100 from being oxidized due to excessive temperature.
  • the limitation of increasing the cross-section of the cable 100 is alleviated to a certain extent, which is beneficial to increasing the carrying current of the cable 100 .
  • the wires include a positive wire 2 (DC+ wire) and a negative wire 3 (DC- wire).
  • the positive wire 2 includes a first liquid-cooled tube 201, coated in the first liquid-cooled tube. 201 outside the first conductor 202 and the first sheath 203 covering the outside of the first conductor 202, the negative line 3 includes a second liquid cooling tube 301, a second conductor 302 covering the outside of the second liquid cooling tube 301 and The second sheath 303 covers the outside of the second conductor 302.
  • the positive wire 2 is composed of a first liquid cooling tube 201 , a first conductor 202 and a first sheath 203 .
  • the first sheath 203 covers the outside of the first conductor 202
  • the first conductor 202 covers the outside of the first liquid cooling tube 201
  • the first liquid cooling tube 201 is filled with cooling liquid.
  • the negative wire 3 is composed of a second liquid cooling tube 301, a second conductor 302 and a second sheath 303.
  • the second sheath 303 covers the outside of the second conductor 302, the second conductor 302 covers the outside of the first liquid cooling tube 201, and the second liquid cooling tube 301 is filled with cooling liquid.
  • the first conductor 202 and the second conductor 302 are copper conductors or aluminum conductors. In some embodiments, they are conductors with better electrical conductivity.
  • the first conductor 202 and the second conductor 302 are both braided conductors processed by special equipment. , the braided conductor is in a mesh shape and is covered on the outer peripheral wall of the liquid cooling tube.
  • the diameter of the metal wire used in the braided conductor is not greater than 0.15mm, and the braiding density is 80% to 90%, ensuring that the first conductor 202 and the second conductor 302 can fully contact the liquid cooling tube, thereby further improving heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the first sheath 203 blocks the heat generated by the first conductor 202 from escaping, and the cooling liquid in the first liquid cooling tube 201 cools the first conductor 202 .
  • the second sheath 303 blocks the heat generated by the second conductor 302 from escaping, and the cooling liquid in the second liquid cooling tube 301 cools the second conductor 302 .
  • the cable 100 in the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts a copper-coated liquid cooling structure, and the cooling pipeline is arranged inside the conductor, so that the cross-sectional area of the cable 100 is smaller.
  • the first conductor 202 is tightly wound on the outer peripheral wall of the first liquid cooling tube 201 and the second conductor 302 is tightly wound on the outer peripheral wall of the second liquid cooling tube 301 , so that The conductor is in full contact with the outer peripheral wall of the liquid cooling tube, thereby increasing the contact area between the conductor and the liquid cooling tube, thereby improving the cooling effect.
  • first conductor 202 tightly covers the first liquid cooling tube 201
  • first sheath 203 tightly covers the first conductor 202 , thereby forming a compact positive electrode wire 2
  • second conductor 302 tightly covers the second liquid cooling tube 301
  • the second sheath 303 tightly covers the second conductor 302 , thereby forming a compact negative electrode wire 3 .
  • the outer peripheral walls of the first sheath 203 and the second sheath 303 are in contact with each other, and the outer peripheral walls of the first sheath 203 and the outer peripheral walls of the second sheath 303 are in contact with each other. It is in contact with the inner peripheral wall of the outer sheath 1, thereby improving the compactness of the cable 100 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, thereby reducing the cross-sectional area of the cable 100.
  • the first end of the first liquid cooling tube 201 is connected to the first end of the second liquid cooling tube 301 , and the second end of the first liquid cooling tube 201 and the second end of the second liquid cooling tube 301 are connected. Any one of them forms the coolant outlet, and the other forms the coolant inlet.
  • first liquid cooling pipe 201 and the second liquid cooling pipe 301 are connected to achieve the effect of circulating cooling liquid in the liquid cooling pipe.
  • the coolant By opening the inlet and outlet of the coolant, the coolant can be replaced after its heat exchange capacity is reduced.
  • a coolant circulation pump can be provided outside the cable 100 and connected with the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet to form an overall circulation, thereby pushing the coolant between the first liquid cooling tube 201 and the second liquid cooling pipe 201 in the cable 100 .
  • the cold pipe 301 flows, thereby taking away the heat emitted by the first conductor 202 and the second conductor 302 . Therefore, the coolant can circulate in the liquid cooling tube, that is, between the inside of the cable 100 and the outside space, which not only realizes heat transfer, but also enables efficient use of the coolant.
  • the flow rate of the coolant can also be adjusted through the coolant circulation pump to achieve different heat exchange effects according to different use requirements.
  • a coolant circulation pump may not be used to connect the liquid cooling tube in the cable 100 with the outside world.
  • the cooling liquid can be replaced with a material that can undergo phase change.
  • the cooling liquid outlet and the cooling liquid inlet are connected, so that the first liquid cooling pipe 201 and the second liquid cooling pipe 301 form a closed circulation loop inside the cable 100 .
  • the coolant absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change; when the internal temperature of the cable 100 drops below the phase change critical temperature, the coolant returns to its initial state.
  • the second end of the first liquid cooling pipe forms a cooling liquid outlet
  • the second end of the second liquid cooling pipe forms a cooling liquid inlet
  • the number of positive electrode wires 2 and negative electrode wires 3 is 2, 3, 4, or 5, etc.
  • a plurality of positive electrode wires 2 and a plurality of negative electrode wires 3 are arranged alternately along the circumferential direction of the outer sheath 1 . It can be understood that by arranging multiple positive electrode wires 2 and negative electrode wires 3 with copper-clad liquid structures, the heat dissipation area of the cable is increased, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the cable.
  • FIG. 1 there are two positive electrode wires 2 and two negative electrode wires 3 .
  • the two positive electrode wires 2 and the two negative electrode wires 3 are arranged alternately along the circumferential direction of the outer sheath 1 .
  • the two positive electrode wires 2 are arranged oppositely in the radial direction of the outer sheath 1, and the two negative electrode wires 3 are arranged oppositely in the radial direction of the outer sheath 1.
  • the outer peripheral walls of the two first sheaths 203 are in contact with the two second sheaths 303.
  • the outer peripheral walls of the two first sheaths 203 and the two second sheaths 303 are in contact with each other and the inner peripheral wall of the outer sheath 1 is in contact with each other. In other words, the outer sheath 1 tightly wraps around the two positive electrode wires 2 and the two negative electrode wires 3 .
  • the first ends of the two first liquid cooling pipes 201 are connected through a tee joint, and the two second liquid cooling pipes 201 are connected through a tee joint.
  • the first end of the tube 301 is also connected through a tee joint. Except for the two ports connected by the liquid cooling pipe on the two tee joints, the remaining one port on the two tee joints is connected through a U-shaped pipe.
  • the first end of the first liquid cooling tube 201 is connected with the first end of the second liquid cooling tube 301 .
  • the wires also include a ground wire 4 (PE wire), and a plurality of positive electrode wires 2 and a plurality of negative electrode wires 3 are arranged around the ground wire 4 .
  • PE wire ground wire 4
  • two positive electrode wires 2 are located on the upper and lower sides of the ground wire 4
  • two negative electrode wires 3 are located on the left and right sides of the ground wire 4
  • the two positive wires 2 and the two negative wires 3 jointly define a space for placing the ground wire 4.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the ground wire 4 is mutually connected with the outer peripheral walls of the two first sheaths 203 and the two second sheaths 303. contact, thereby making full use of the space within the outer sheath 1 and improving the compactness of the structure.
  • the wire also includes a plurality of signal wires 5 , and the signal wires 5 are located in the gap surrounded by the positive wire 2 , the negative wire 3 and the outer sheath 1 .
  • the positive electrode wire 2 and the negative electrode wire 3 are both one, and the positive electrode wire 2 and the negative electrode wire 3 are respectively located on both sides of the outer sheath 1 in a diameter direction.
  • the positive electrode line 2 and the negative electrode line 3 are arranged oppositely in the up and down direction, and the ground wire 4 is located on the left side of the positive electrode line 2 and the negative electrode line 3 .
  • the fewer signal lines 5 are located on the left side of the positive line 2 and the negative line 3, and on the upper and lower sides of the ground line 4, and the larger number of signal lines 5 are located on the right side of the positive line 2 and the negative line 3, so that it is reasonable. Utilize the space within the outer sheath 1.
  • the first end of the first liquid cooling pipe 201 and the first end of the second liquid cooling pipe 301 are connected through a U-shaped pipe.
  • the cable 100 of the embodiment of FIG. 2 is compared with the cable 100 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 .
  • the cable 100 in the embodiment of Figure 2 has only one positive and negative wire 3, which has low heat dissipation efficiency, but reduces the manufacturing difficulty, and the outer sheath 1 has space to accommodate a larger-sized ground wire 4, while Figure 1
  • the cable 100 of the embodiment has a larger number of positive wires 2 and negative wires 3, a larger number of internal liquid cooling tubes, a larger heat dissipation area, and better heat dissipation effect, but is more difficult to process.
  • both the first sheath 203 and the second sheath 303 are thermally insulating sheaths. It can be understood that the first sheath 203 and the second sheath 303 block the current intersection of the first conductor 202 and the second conductor 302, and also block the heat escape of the first conductor 202 and the second conductor 302.
  • the cooling liquid is a non-insulating aqueous solution or insulating silicone oil.
  • the coolant used in this type of heat conduction method can only be an insulating coolant.
  • the cooling liquid in the embodiment of the present disclosure is filled in the liquid cooling tube.
  • the type of cooling liquid can be non-insulating aqueous solution or insulating silicone oil, which has a wide adaptability range.
  • the charging device of the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: the cable 100, the charging gun 6, the water pump 7 and the water tank 8 in any of the above embodiments.
  • One end of the cable 100 is connected to the charging gun 6, the input end of the water pump 7 is connected to the water tank 8, and the output end of the water pump 7 is connected to the liquid cooling pipe to pump the cooling liquid in the water tank into the liquid cooling pipe.
  • the coolant in the water tank 8 The liquid is pumped into the liquid cooling pipe through the water pump 7 to realize the cooling feature of the cable 100.
  • both the positive line 2 and the negative line 3 are connected to the charging gun 6, the first end of the first liquid cooling tube 201 is connected to the first end of the second liquid cooling tube 301, and the output end of the water pump 7 It is connected with the coolant inlet, the output end of the water tank 8 is connected with the input end of the water pump 7, and the input end of the water tank 8 is connected with the coolant outlet.
  • a radiator 9 is provided on the connecting pipeline between the first liquid cooling tube 201 and the water tank 8 . It can be understood that the cooling liquid in the water tank 8 is pumped into the second liquid cooling pipe 301 through the water pump 7, and the cooling liquid in the second liquid cooling pipe 301 flows into the first liquid cooling pipe 201.
  • the first liquid cooling pipe 201 The coolant inside flows to the water tank 8, and in the process of flowing to the water tank 8, the coolant passes through the radiator 9 for heat dissipation and cooling.
  • the first liquid cooling pipe 201, the second liquid cooling pipe 301, the water pump 7, the water tank 8 and the radiator 9 together form a cooling cycle, and the water pump 7 drives the cooling liquid to flow in the liquid cooling pipe. to remove the heat generated by the conductor.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.
  • connection In this disclosure, unless otherwise explicitly stated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixing” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrated; it can be mechanically connected, electrically connected or communicable with each other; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction between two elements, Unless otherwise expressly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this disclosure can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • a first feature being “on” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features may be in indirect contact through an intermediary. touch.
  • the terms “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature is above the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • "Below”, “below” and “beneath” the first feature to the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a smaller horizontal height than the second feature.
  • the terms "one embodiment,”"someembodiments,””example,””specificexamples,” or “some examples” or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or other feature is described in connection with the embodiment or example.
  • Features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the disclosure.
  • the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be embodied in any one or more implementations Combined in an appropriate manner in examples or examples.
  • those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification unless they are inconsistent with each other.

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Abstract

提供了一种电缆（100）和充电装置，电缆（100）包括导线和套设在导线外侧的外护套（1），至少一根导线的内部设有沿其走向方向延伸的液冷管，且导线的导体包覆在液冷管的外周壁上，液冷管内填充有冷却液。

Description

电缆和充电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年03月31日在中国提交的中国专利申请号2022207666206的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及电缆技术领域，具体涉及一种电缆和充电装置。
背景技术
近年来，电动汽车在实际应用推广时，影响其发展的两大主要因素是里程焦虑和充电焦虑。随着动力电池技术的不断突破，车载电量增加，电动汽车续航里程逐渐提高，充电反而变成了一个核心的技术问题。
实现快速充电有提高充电电压和加大充电电流两种途径，因受制于整车工作电压，充电电压较难提高，加大充电电流是较容易实现的方法。加大充电电流需要使用载流能力更大的电缆，相关技术中，一般采用通过增加导体的横截面积的方式提升通载电流，但电缆截面增大，会造成电缆的折弯半径变大和重量增加，充电时拖拽困难，操作体验非常差，此外，目前国标充电电缆内部导体在高温环境下较易氧化，一旦电流超过临界值，温度快速升高，就会出现大面积烧蚀情况。
发明内容
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本公开的实施例提出一种电缆，该电缆横截面积较小、重量较轻，并且能够对电缆使用过程中产生的热量进行散热处理。
本公开的实施例还提出了一种充电装置，该充电装置在保证充电操作体验的前提下，能够带走电缆在充电过程中产生的热量。
本公开实施例的电缆包括导线和套设在所述导线外侧的外护套，至少一根所述导线的内部设有沿其走向方向延伸的液冷管，且所述导线的导体包覆在所述液冷管的外周壁上，所述液冷管内填充有冷却液。
本公开实施例的电缆，在充电过程中，利用外护套将导线产生的热量阻隔在外护套内，以保证电缆的外层温度低于人手的可接受温度，并通过液冷管内的冷却液将产生的热量吸收。因此，通过在导线内部增设填充有冷却液的液冷管，从而实现在电缆使用时能够对其内部进行冷却降温，进而避免电缆温度过高发生氧化。并且，在一定程度上减轻了电缆增加截面的限制，有利于提高电缆通载电流大小。
在一些实施例中，所述导线包括正极线和负极线，所述正极线包括第一液冷管、包覆在所述第一液冷管外侧的第一导体和包覆在所述第一导体外侧的第一护套，所述负极线包 括第二液冷管、包覆在所述第二液冷管外侧的第二导体和包覆在所述第二导体外侧的第二护套。
在一些实施例中，所述第一液冷管的第一端与所述第二液冷管的第一端连通，所述第一液冷管的第二端和所述第二液冷管的第二端中的任意一者形成冷却液出口，另一者形成冷却液入口。
在一些实施例中，所述正极线和所述负极线均为多根，多根所述正极线和多根所述负极线沿所述外护套的周向依次交替布置。
在一些实施例中，所述导线还包括接地线，多根所述正极线和多根所述负极线环绕所述接地线设置。
在一些实施例中，所述导线还包括多根信号线，所述信号线位于所述正极线、所述负极线和所述外护套围成的间隙内。
在一些实施例中，所述正极线和所述负极线均为一根，所述正极线和所述负极线分别位于所述外护套内的一直径方向的两侧。
在一些实施例中，所述第一护套和所述第二护套均为隔热绝缘护套。
在一些实施例中，所述冷却液为非绝缘水溶液或绝缘硅油。
本公开实施例的充电装置包括：上述任一实施例中的电缆、充电枪、水泵和水箱，所述电缆的一端与所述充电枪相连，所述水泵的输入端与所述水箱连通，所述水泵输出端与所述液冷管连通以将所述水箱内的冷却液泵入所述液冷管。
附图说明
图1是本公开的一个实施例的液冷电缆的截面示意图。
图2是本公开的另一个实施例的液冷电缆的截面示意图。
图3是本公开实施例的充电装置的示意图
附图标记：
电缆100、
外护套1、
正极线2、第一液冷管201、第一导体202、第一护套203、
负极线3、第二液冷管301、第二导体302、第二护套303、
接地线4、信号线5、
充电枪6、水泵7、水箱8、散热器9。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。
下面结合附图描述本公开实施例的电缆。
如图1所示，本公开实施例的电缆100包括导线和套设在导线外侧的外护套1，至少一 根导线的内部设有沿其走向方向延伸的液冷管，且所述导线的导体包覆在液冷管的外周壁上，以使所述导体产生的热量直接传递至所述液冷管，液冷管内填充有冷却液。
可以理解的是，电缆100中的导线包括DC+导线和DC-导线、PE导线(指接地导线)、信号导线等。其中，DC+导线和DC-导线用于传输通载电流，因此DC+导线和DC-导线为最主要的发热源，液冷管所要针对进行降温的导线即为电缆中的DC+导线和DC-导线。
在一些实施例中，作为充电电缆的材质，只要保证使外护套1具备绝缘性且硬度和厚度足够即可。电缆100的外护套1通常采用聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、氯丁橡胶等材质，而对于一些具有特殊要求的电缆100来说，也有采用纤维、金属等材料来作为护套使用的情况。
本公开实施例的电缆100，在充电过程中，利用外护套1将导线产生的热量阻隔在外护套1内，以保证电缆100的外层温度低于人手的可接受温度，并通过液冷管内的冷却液将产生的热量吸收。因此，通过在导线内部增设填充有冷却液的液冷管，从而实现在电缆100使用时能够对其内部进行冷却降温，进而避免电缆100温度过高发生氧化。并且，在一定程度上减轻了电缆100增加截面的限制，有利于提高电缆100通载电流大小。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，导线包括正极线2(DC+导线)和负极线3(DC-导线)，正极线2包括第一液冷管201、包覆在第一液冷管201外侧的第一导体202和包覆在第一导体202外侧的第一护套203，负极线3包括第二液冷管301、包覆在第二液冷管301外侧的第二导体302和包覆在第二导体302外侧的第二护套303。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，正极线2由第一液冷管201、第一导体202和第一护套203组成。第一护套203包覆在第一导体202的外侧，第一导体202包覆在第一液冷管201的外侧，第一液冷管201内填充冷却液。负极线3由第二液冷管301、第二导体302和第二护套303组成。第二护套303包覆在第二导体302的外侧，第二导体302包覆在第一液冷管201的外侧，第二液冷管301内填充冷却液。
第一导体202和第二导体302为铜导体或者铝导体，在一些实施例中为导电性更好的导体，并且第一导体202和第二导体302均为采用专用设备加工制成的编织导体，编织导体呈网状并包覆在液冷管的外周壁上，编织导体所采用的的金属丝的直径不大于0.15mm，编织密度80％～90％，保证第一导体202和第二导体302可以与液冷管充分接触，从而进一步提高散热效率。
当电缆100通电时，第一护套203阻断第一导体202产生的热量外溢，第一液冷管201内的冷却液对第一导体202进行冷却降温。第二护套303阻断第二导体302产生的热量外溢，第二液冷管301内的冷却液对第二导体302进行冷却降温。
区别于相关技术中的液冷电缆，通过在导体的周侧另外设置冷却管路以对导体进行冷却降温，电缆的截面积较大。本公开实施例的电缆100采用铜包液的冷却结构，将冷却管路设在导体的内部，从而使电缆100的截面积较小。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，第一导体202紧密缠绕在第一液冷管201的外周壁上以及第二导体302紧密缠绕在第二液冷管301的外周壁上，以使导体与液冷管的外周壁充分接触，增加导体与液冷管的接触面积，从而提高冷却降温的效果。
此外，第一导体202紧密包覆第一液冷管201，第一护套203紧密包覆第一导体202，从而形成结构紧凑的正极线2。第二导体302紧密包覆第二液冷管301，第二护套303紧密包覆第二导体302，从而形成结构紧凑的负极线3。
具体地，如图1所示，第一护套203的外周壁与第二护套303的外周壁之间相互接触，且第一护套203的外周壁与第二护套303的外周壁均与外护套1的内周壁接触，从而提高了本公开实施例的电缆100的紧凑性，进而降低电缆100的截面积。
在一些实施例中，第一液冷管201的第一端与第二液冷管301的第一端连通，第一液冷管201的第二端和第二液冷管301的第二端中的任意一者形成冷却液出口，另一者形成冷却液入口。
可以理解的是，将第一液冷管201与第二液冷管301相连通以实现液冷管内的冷却液循环流动的效果。通过开设冷却液的入口和出口以实现在冷却液的换热能力降低后对其进行更换。
例如，可通过在电缆100外部设置冷却液循环泵，并且使其与冷却液入口和冷却液出口连通，形成整体循环，从而推动冷却液在电缆100内的第一液冷管201与第二液冷管301中流动，从而带走第一导体202和第二导体302发出的热量。因此，冷却液能够在液冷管中循环，即在电缆100的内部和外界的空间之间循环，不仅实现了热量传递，还使冷却液得到了高效利用。并且，还可以通过冷却液循环泵调节冷却液的流速，以便于根据不同的使用需求来实现不同的换热效果。
此外，也可以不采用冷却液循环泵来使电缆100中的液冷管与外界连通。为了方便电缆100的设置，减少整体结构复杂度，可将冷却液更换为可发生相变的材料。在此基础上，将冷却液出口和冷却液入口连通，以使第一液冷管201与第二液冷管301在电缆100的内部形成封闭的循环回路。当电缆100内的部温度过高时，冷却液吸收热量发生相变；当电缆100内部温度降至相变临界温度以下时，冷却液恢复至初始状态。
具体地，如图3所示，第一液冷管的第二端形成冷却液出口，第二液冷管的第二端形成冷却液入口。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，正极线2和负极线3均为多根，例如，正极线2和负极线3的数量均为2根、3根、4根或者5根等，多根正极线2和多根负极线3沿外护套1的周向依次交替布置。可以理解的是，通过设置多根铜包液结构的正极线2和负极线3，增加了电缆的散热面积，从而提高电缆整体的散热效率。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，正极线2为两根，负极线3为两根，两根正极线2和两根负极线3沿外护套1的周向依次交替布置。两根正极线2沿外护套1的径向相对布置，两根负极线3沿外护套1的径向相对布置，两个第一护套203的外周壁与两个第二护套303的外周壁相互接触，且两个第一护套203的外周壁与两个第二护套303的外周壁均与外护套1的内周壁相互接触。换言之，外护套1紧密包覆在两根正极线2和两根负极线3的周侧。
在一些实施例中，两根第一液冷管201的第一端通过三通接头相连通，两根第二液冷 管301的第一端也通过三通接头相连通，两个三通接头上除去被液冷管相连的两个口，两个三通接头上剩余的一个口之间通过U型管连通，以使第一液冷管201的第一端与第二液冷管301的第一端相连通。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，导线还包括接地线4(PE导线)，多根正极线2和多根负极线3环绕接地线4设置。
具体地，如图1所示，两根正极线2位于接地线4的上下两侧，两根负极线3位于接地线4的左右两侧。两根正极线2和两根负极线3共同限定出放置接地线4的空间，接地线4的外周壁与两个第一护套203的外周壁以及两个第二护套303的外周壁相互接触，从而充分利用外护套1内的空间，提高结构的紧凑性。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，导线还包括多根信号线5，信号线5位于正极线2、负极线3和外护套1围成的间隙内。
具体地，如图1所示，正极线2、负极线3和外护套1所围成的间隙有四个，且四个间隙内均设有三根信号线5，以将间隙填满，进一步地充分利用外护套1内的空间，提高结构的紧凑性。
在另一些实施例中，如图2所示，正极线2和负极线3均为一根，正极线2和负极线3分别位于所述外护套1内的一直径方向的两侧。
具体地，如图2所示，正极线2和负极线3在上下方向上相对布置，接地线4位于正极线2和负极线3的左侧。较少根的信号线5位于正极线2和负极线3的左侧，且位于接地线4的上下两侧，较多根的信号线5位于正极线2和负极线3的右侧，从而合理利用外护套1内的空间。在一些实施例中，第一液冷管201的第一端与第二液冷管301的第一端通过U型管连通。
可以理解的是，图2实施例的电缆100相比较图1实施例的电缆100。图2实施例的电缆100的正、负极线3仅有一根，其散热效率较低，但降低了制造难度，并且外护套1内具有容纳较大规格的接地线4的空间，而图1实施例的电缆100的正极线2和负极线3的数量更多，内部液冷管的数量更多，散热面积大，散热效果更好，但是加工难度较大。
在一些实施例中，第一护套203和第二护套303均为隔热绝缘护套。可以理解的是，第一护套203和第二护套303阻断第一导体202和第二导体302的电流交汇，并且还阻断第一导体202和第二导体302的热量外溢。
在一些实施例中，冷却液为非绝缘水溶液或绝缘硅油。对比相关技术中，存在将正、负导线浸在冷却液内方式以进行导热降温，但此类型的导热方式所用的冷却液只能为绝缘的冷却液。本公开实施例的冷却液填充在液冷管内，冷却液的种类可使用非绝缘水溶液或绝缘硅油，适应范围较广。
下面结合附图描述本公开实施例的充电装置。
如图3所示，本公开实施例的充电装置包括：上述任一实施例中的电缆100、充电枪6、水泵7和水箱8。电缆100的一端与充电枪6相连，水泵7的输入端与水箱8连通，水泵7输出端与液冷管连通以将水箱内的冷却液泵入液冷管。可以理解的是，水箱8内的冷却液 通过水泵7泵入液冷管内，以实现电缆100的可冷却降温的特点。
具体地，如图3所示，正极线2和负极线3均与充电枪6相连，第一液冷管201的第一端与第二液冷管301的第一端连通，水泵7输出端与冷却液入口连通，水箱8的输出端水泵7的输入端连通，水箱8的输入端与冷却液出口连通。在一些实施例中，第一液冷管201和水箱8之间的连接管路上设有散热器9。可以理解的是，水箱8内的冷却液通过水泵7泵入第二液冷管301内，第二液冷管301内的冷却液流至第一液冷管201内，第一液冷管201内的冷却液流至水箱8，冷却液在流至水箱8的过程中经散热器9进行散热降温处理。
因此，本公开实施例的充电装置，第一液冷管201、第二液冷管301、水泵7、水箱8和散热器9共同组成一个冷却循环，通过水泵7推动冷却液在液冷管内流动以带走导体产生的热量。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或彼此可通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本公开中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施 例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管已经示出和描述了上述实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本公开的限制，本领域普通技术人员对上述实施例进行的变化、修改、替换和变型均在本公开的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电缆，其特征在于，包括导线和套设在所述导线外侧的外护套(1)，至少一根所述导线的内部设有沿其走向方向延伸的液冷管，且所述导线的导体包覆在所述液冷管的外周壁上，所述液冷管内填充有冷却液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电缆，其特征在于，所述导线包括：
    正极线(2)，所述正极线(2)包括第一液冷管(201)、包覆在所述第一液冷管(201)外侧的第一导体(202)和包覆在所述第一导体(202)外侧的第一护套(203)；和
    负极线(3)，所述负极线(3)包括第二液冷管(301)、包覆在所述第二液冷管(301)外侧的第二导体(302)和包覆在所述第二导体(302)外侧的第二护套(303)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电缆，其特征在于，所述第一液冷管(201)的第一端与所述第二液冷管(301)的第一端连通，所述第一液冷管(201)的第二端和所述第二液冷管(301)的第二端中的任意一者形成冷却液出口，另一者形成冷却液入口。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电缆，其特征在于，所述正极线(2)和所述负极线(3)均为多根，多根所述正极线(2)和多根所述负极线(3)沿所述外护套(1)的周向依次交替布置。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的电缆，其特征在于，所述导线还包括接地线(4)，多根所述正极线(2)和多根所述负极线(3)环绕所述接地线(4)设置。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的电缆，其特征在于，所述导线还包括多根信号线(5)，所述信号线(5)位于所述正极线(2)、所述负极线(3)和所述外护套(1)围成的间隙内。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的电缆，其特征在于，所述正极线(2)和所述负极线(3)均为一根，所述正极线(2)和所述负极线(3)分别位于所述外护套(1)内的一直径方向的两侧。
  8. 根据权利要求2至7中任一项所述的电缆，其特征在于，所述第一护套(203)和所述第二护套(303)均为隔热绝缘护套。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电缆，其特征在于，所述冷却液为非绝缘水溶液或绝缘硅油。
  10. 一种充电装置，其特征在于，包括：
    根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电缆(100)；
    充电枪(6)，所述电缆(100)的一端与所述充电枪(6)相连；
    水泵(7)和水箱(8)，所述水泵(7)的输入端与所述水箱(8)连通，所述水泵(7)输出端与所述液冷管连通以将所述水箱(8)内的冷却液泵入所述液冷管。
PCT/CN2023/081673 2022-03-31 2023-03-15 电缆和充电装置 WO2023185480A1 (zh)

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