WO2023184855A1 - 一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法 - Google Patents

一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2023184855A1
WO2023184855A1 PCT/CN2022/116598 CN2022116598W WO2023184855A1 WO 2023184855 A1 WO2023184855 A1 WO 2023184855A1 CN 2022116598 W CN2022116598 W CN 2022116598W WO 2023184855 A1 WO2023184855 A1 WO 2023184855A1
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diode
circuit
pin
resistor
chip
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PCT/CN2022/116598
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English (en)
French (fr)
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宁乐平
姜勇
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南京全宁电器有限公司
全宁时代(南京)电气股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023184855A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023184855A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • G05B19/0423—Input/output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/18—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for introducing delay in the operation of the relay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/24—Pc safety
    • G05B2219/24215—Scada supervisory control and data acquisition

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of power control, and specifically relates to a control method for arc-free breaking of AC circuits.
  • AC contactors are generally used in industrial control scenarios with industrial frequency AC single-phase AC220V or three-phase AC380V. Since the working characteristics of industrial frequency AC are that the current and voltage change interactively at a relatively fixed frequency, and the voltage is relatively high, in the electromagnetic coil control main circuit At the moment of making and breaking, the contacts will arc. Arcing will not only cause the working life of the contacts to be seriously reduced, but the arcing process will also cause electromagnetic radiation interference and affect the normal operation of surrounding electronic circuits and wireless communications. In some high-power applications, In inductive load control applications, due to the influence of arcing, the electrical life is generally only 10% or even less than 1% of the designed mechanical life, resulting in frequent maintenance of equipment lines and frequent production shutdown accidents.
  • AC contactors are currently mainly used in the field of power control.
  • the first traditional method is to use electromagnetic holding contactors, which are currently widely used. They are easy to use and have simple control circuits. The disadvantage is that the electrical life is short. The power consumption of the coil is large, and the heating temperature rises. According to the current development direction of the industry, there is an urgent need to be eliminated.
  • the second method is to use thyristors as AC on-off control. This method has no arc when working, has a long life, and can basically be ignored. Regardless, there is a certain voltage drop when the thyristor is turned on. When the current flowing through is large, the power consumption is large and the heat is serious.
  • the thyristor is prone to breakdown due to its low withstand voltage value.
  • the logic control circuit is complex and has poor reliability;
  • the third method is to use magnetic latching contactors. This method only has the advantage of controlling coil power consumption.
  • the disadvantages are short electrical life and complex logic control circuits. Therefore, a new control method needs to be developed to solve the existing problems.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a control method for arc-free breaking of AC circuits to solve the problem of serious arcs during the switching process of AC inductive loads on and off.
  • a control method for arc-free breaking of AC circuits including the following steps:
  • control circuit delays the output of the forward pulse to the coil, and the electromagnetic actuator will Turn on the main circuit at zero point;
  • control circuit delays the output of the reverse pulse to the coil, and the electromagnetic actuator will Disconnect the main circuit at zero point.
  • the control circuit includes a series step-down circuit that reduces the power input voltage to a set voltage, an MCU power supply circuit connected to the series step-down circuit, and a rectifier connected to the power source for converting the input alternating current into direct current.
  • the power signal converts the voltage detection signal of the circuit and sends the zero-crossing pulse signal to the micro-control chip U2 of the zero-crossing detection conversion circuit.
  • the zero-crossing detection conversion circuit receives the zero-crossing pulse signal of the micro-control chip U2 and switches the coil input terminal electrode.
  • the energy storage circuit includes a diode D5 with one end connected to the coil driving circuit, an energy storage capacitor C2 connected to the other end of the diode D5, and a resistor R2 connected in parallel with the diode D5;
  • the rectifier and filter circuit includes a diode D1 connected to the positive electrode of the power supply and a capacitor C3 connected to the diode D1;
  • the series step-down circuit includes a diode D2, a diode D3, and a diode D4 connected in series in sequence, and the diode D2 is connected to the rectifier and filter circuit;
  • the MCU power supply circuit includes a resistor R1 connected to a series buck circuit, a Zener diode DW1 connected to one end of the resistor R1, and a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the Zener diode DW1;
  • one end of the capacitor C1 and the zener diode DW1 is connected to the VREF pin of the driving chip U1 in the coil driving circuit; the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the VBB pin of the driving chip U1 in the coil driving circuit;
  • the resistor R7 is connected to the LSS pin of the driver chip U1, and the OUT1 pin and OUT2 pin of the driver chip U1 are connected to the coil.
  • the power supply is powered on, the anode is rectified and filtered by diode D1 and capacitor C3, and is stepped down by the multi-diode array of diode D2, diode D3 and diode D4 in series.
  • the number of diodes in series configured according to the input voltage is the driver.
  • the VBB pin of chip U1 provides the power supply voltage, which charges the energy storage capacitor of capacitor C2 through resistor R2.
  • the voltage with a regulated value of 5V is connected in series with resistor R1 and Zener diode DW1 and is connected to the analog voltage input Vref pin of driver chip U1;
  • the positive electrode of the power supply is divided by resistor R4, resistor R3 and resistor R10 and then connected to the AD signal input end of the AN10 pin of the micro control chip U2; the output I/O ports P3.4 and P3.5 of the micro control chip U2 are connected to the driver respectively.
  • the coil driving circuit includes a driving chip U1, a resistor R7 with one end connected to the LSS pin of the driving chip U1, a diode D7 and a diode D11 connected to the other end of the resistor R7, and a diode D6 connected to the diode D7. , diode D8 connected to diode D11.
  • the power signal conversion circuit includes a resistor R4 connected at one end to the series buck circuit, a resistor R3 connected to the other end of the resistor R4, a resistor R10 connected to the resistor R3, a capacitor C4 connected in parallel to both ends of the resistor R10 and Zener diode DW2;
  • the nodes of the resistor R10, the capacitor C4 and the Zener diode DW2 are connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, and the Zener diode DW2 is also connected to the AN10 pin of the microcontroller chip U2.
  • the zero-crossing detection conversion circuit includes an optocoupler U3 connected to the microcontroller chip U2, a transistor V1 and a capacitor C5 connected to U3, a resistor R11 connected to the transistor V1, and one end connected to the resistor R11.
  • the program control of the microcontrol chip U2 sets IN2 to high level and IN1 to low level after a delay; the OUT2 pin of the driver chip U1 outputs the positive pole, and the OUT1 pin outputs the negative power supply voltage, and the electromagnetic actuator coil
  • the program of the microcontrol chip U2 controls the low level of IN2, and the IN2 pin level of the driver chip U1 is pulled low.
  • the energy storage capacitor C2 discharges through the diode D5 and continues to power the chip.
  • diode D4 is reversely blocked and prohibits power supply to the power signal conversion circuit.
  • the P1.7 pin of the micro-control chip U2 detects the falling edge of the zero-crossing point of the AC signal, controls IN1 to be set to high level, and drives the OUT1 pin of the chip U1 , the OUT2 pin output flips instantly, the OUT2 pin outputs the negative pole, the OUT1 pin outputs the positive pole, the electromagnetic actuator coil is energized under the action of the energy storage capacitor C2, the magnetic direction state of the electromagnet flips, and the electromagnetic actuator is permanently It remains disconnected under the action of the magnet, and then the program of the microcontrol chip U2 controls the low level of IN1.
  • the IN1 pin level of the driver chip U1 is pulled low, and the OUT1 and OUT2 pins of the driver chip U1 output high resistance.
  • the electromagnetic The actuator coil is de-energized and the coil current is zero.
  • the IN1 and IN2 pins of the driver chip U1 are respectively connected to the P3.4 pin and P3.5 pin of the microcontrol chip U2; the microcontrol chip U2 also includes an RXD pin for communication. , TXD pin, INT1 pin for programming interface, INT1 pin, TDI pin, TCK pin.
  • the control method for arc-free breaking of AC circuits is easy to use, solves the problem of arc generated during the switching process of AC load on and off, is efficient and energy-saving, and delays the closing and opening of the electromagnetic actuator.
  • the contacts are time-shared and delayed on and off to find the real current zero-crossing point, which effectively solves the problem of electrical corrosion of the contacts during load switching.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a working principle diagram of the electromagnetic actuator of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a control circuit diagram of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a control method for arc-free breaking of AC circuits as shown in Figure 1, which includes the following steps:
  • control circuit delays the output of the forward pulse to the coil, and the electromagnetic actuator starts the next The main circuit is connected when the zero point is crossed.
  • the microcontrol chip U2 detects the falling edge, the electromagnetic actuator coil is energized, and the electromagnetic actuator remains closed under the action of the permanent magnet; this implementation
  • the delay program of the microprocessor chip U2 outputs a closing signal to the full-bridge control chip U1, and the electromagnetic actuator accurately turns on the main circuit at the next zero-crossing point.
  • the main circuit is closed without arc; the coil of the electromagnetic actuator is energized, and the electromagnetic actuator remains closed under the action of the permanent magnet;
  • the control circuit delays the output of the reverse pulse to the coil, and the electromagnetic actuator starts the next The main circuit is disconnected when the zero point is crossed. If the input control voltage is detected to be lower than the set value, the microcontrol chip U2 detects the falling edge, and the energy storage circuit 3 supplies power to the electromagnetic actuator coil and converts the positive value of the electromagnetic actuator coil closing step.
  • Negative polarity causes the magnetic direction state of the electromagnet to flip, the electromagnetic actuator remains disconnected under the action of the permanent magnet, the coil of the electromagnetic actuator loses power, and the coil current is zero; in this embodiment, when the microprocessor chip U2 detects When the zero-crossing point of the AC main circuit is reached, the delay program of the microprocessor chip U2 outputs a shutdown signal to the full-bridge control chip U1. The electromagnetic actuator accurately cuts off the main circuit at the next zero-crossing point. At this time, the energy storage capacitor continues to provide The electric control circuit supplies power, and the full-bridge control chip U1 outputs a reverse voltage. The magnetic direction state of the coil electromagnetic flips, so that the main circuit has no arc interruption at the zero-crossing point. The program controls the output voltage of the full-bridge control chip U1 to be zero, and the electromagnetic When the actuator coil loses power, the electromagnetic actuator remains disconnected under the action of the permanent magnet;
  • the control circuit includes: a series buck circuit 1 that reduces the power input control voltage to a set voltage.
  • the series buck circuit 1 includes a diode D2, a diode D3, and a diode D4 connected in series in sequence.
  • Diode D2 is connected to the rectifier filter circuit 7 .
  • the MCU power supply circuit 2 connected to the series buck circuit 1.
  • the MCU power supply circuit 2 includes a resistor R1 connected to the series buck circuit 1, a Zener diode DW1 connected to one end of the resistor R1, and a Zener diode DW1 connected to one end of the resistor R1.
  • Capacitor C1 connected in parallel with diode DW1;
  • one end of the capacitor C1 and the zener diode DW1 is connected to the VREF pin of the driving chip U1 in the coil driving circuit 5; the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the VBB pin of the driving chip U1 in the coil driving circuit 5. connect.
  • a coil drive circuit 5 is connected to the MCU power supply circuit 2 for driving the coil on and off.
  • the coil drive circuit 5 includes a drive chip U1, a resistor R7 with one end connected to the LSS pin of the drive chip U1, and a resistor R7 connected to the LSS pin of the drive chip U1.
  • a power signal conversion circuit 4 is connected to the coil driving circuit 5 for detecting the input control voltage.
  • the power signal conversion circuit 4 includes a resistor R4 with one end connected to the series buck circuit 1 and a resistor R3 connected to the other end of the resistor R4. , resistor R10 connected to resistor R3, capacitor C4 and Zener diode DW2 connected in parallel to both ends of resistor R10;
  • the nodes of the resistor R10, the capacitor C4 and the Zener diode DW2 are connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, and the Zener diode DW2 is also connected to the AN10 pin of the microcontroller chip U2.
  • the energy storage circuit 3 receives the voltage detection signal of the power signal conversion circuit 4 and provides electric energy to the energy storage circuit 3 of the coil driving circuit 5.
  • the energy storage circuit 3 includes a diode D5 connected at one end to the coil driving circuit 5, and the other end of the diode D5 is connected to the diode D5.
  • the rectifier and filter circuit 7 includes a diode D1 connected to the anode of the power supply, and a capacitor C3 connected to the diode D1.
  • Microcontroller chip U2 for receiving the voltage detection signal of the power signal conversion circuit 4 and sending the zero-crossing pulse signal to the zero-crossing detection conversion circuit 6,
  • the zero-crossing detection conversion circuit 6 receives the zero-crossing pulse signal of the micro-control chip U2 and switches the coil input terminal electrode.
  • the zero-crossing detection conversion circuit 6 includes a photoelectric coupler U3 connected to the micro-control chip U2, and U3
  • the connected transistor V1 and capacitor C5, the resistor R11 connected to the transistor V1, one end of D14 connected to the node of resistor R11 and capacitor C5, the other end of D14 connected to the zener diode DW3, and the zener diode DW3 are connected in parallel Resistor R5, diode D9 connected to resistor R5, diode D13 connected in parallel with diode D9, resistor R8 with one end connected to diode D9, resistor R9 with one end connected to diode D13, and one end connected to the node of diode D9 and resistor R8.
  • Diode D10, diode D12 connected in series to diode D10 and connected to the node of diode D
  • a rectifier and filter circuit 7 connected to the power supply for converting the input alternating current into direct current
  • the IN1 and IN2 pins of the driver chip U1 are respectively connected to the P3.4 pin and P3.5 pin of the microcontrol chip U2; the microcontrol chip U2 also includes an RXD pin and a TXD pin for communication. pin, INT1 pin, INT1 pin, TDI pin, TCK pin for programming interface;
  • the control method of this arc-free breaking AC circuit is that the power supply is powered on, the anode is rectified and filtered by diode D1 and capacitor C3, and then the diode D2, diode D3, and diode D4 are connected in series to reduce the voltage through a multi-diode array.
  • the diodes are configured in series according to the input voltage. quantity to provide power supply voltage for the VBB pin of the driver chip U1.
  • the electromagnetic actuator uses an AC contactor or a circuit breaker; in this embodiment, the electromagnetic actuator uses an electromagnetic actuator as an example.
  • the electromagnetic actuator operates as shown in Figure 2; open the first permanent magnet 8 and close the second permanent magnet 9;
  • the control circuit board 13 When the control power supply 14 is turned on, the control circuit board 13 outputs a forward voltage pulse to the coil 11.
  • the main circuit moving contact 16 moves downward with the linkage component 17 and the moving iron core 10. Under the action of the closed permanent magnet 9, the main circuit is static.
  • the contact 15 and the main circuit moving contact 16 remain closed;
  • the control circuit board 13 outputs a reverse pulse voltage to the coil 11, and the main circuit moving contact 16 follows the linkage component 17 and the moving iron core 10 Moving upward, under the action of disconnecting the permanent magnet 8, the main circuit static contact 15 and the main circuit movable contact 16 remain disconnected;
  • the coil working voltage of the electromagnetic actuator in this embodiment charges the energy storage capacitor of capacitor C2 through resistor R2 at the same time.
  • the voltage with a voltage stabilization value of 5V is connected to the analog voltage input Vref of driver chip U1 through resistor R1 and zener diode DW1 in series.
  • the positive pole of the power supply is divided by resistor R4, resistor R3 and resistor R10 and then connected to the AD signal input end of the AN10 pin of the micro control chip U2; the output I/O ports P3.4 and P3.5 of the micro control chip U2 Connect the IN1 pin and 1N2 pin of the driver chip U1 respectively; when the AD input terminal AN10 of the micro control chip U2 detects that the control power supply voltage is higher than the electromagnetic actuator coil voltage setting value, and the P1.7 of the micro control chip U2 When the zero-crossing falling edge of the AC signal is detected, after a delay controlled by the program of microcontroller chip U2, IN2 is set to high level and IN1 is low level; according to the truth table of U1, see Table 1,
  • the OUT2 pin of the driver chip U1 outputs the positive pole, and the OUT1 pin outputs the negative power supply voltage.
  • the electromagnetic actuator coil is energized, and the magnetic direction state of the electromagnet is reversed.
  • the electromagnetic actuator remains closed under the action of the permanent magnet, and then the micron actuator is turned on.
  • the program of the control chip U2 controls the low level of IN2, and the IN2 pin level of the driver chip U1 is pulled low.
  • the OUT1 pin and OUT2 pin of the driver chip U1 output high resistance, and the electromagnetic execution
  • the mechanism coil loses power and the coil current is zero; when the power is cut off, or the AD of the microcontrol chip U2 detects that the input terminal voltage is lower than the coil voltage disconnection setting value of the electromagnetic actuator coil, the energy storage capacitor C2 discharges through the diode D5 Continue to provide power to the chip, the diode D4 is reversely blocked and prohibits power supply to the power signal conversion circuit 4.
  • the P1.7 pin of the microcontrol chip U2 detects the falling edge of the zero-crossing point of the AC signal, which is the AC synchronous zero-crossing signal.
  • Program control IN1 is set to high level, and again according to the truth table, the output of the OUT1 pin and OUT2 pin of the driver chip U1 flips instantly, the OUT2 pin outputs the negative pole, the OUT1 pin outputs the positive pole, and the electromagnetic actuator coil is in the energy storage capacitor C2 Under the action of the permanent magnet, the magnetic force direction state of the electromagnet is reversed, and the electromagnetic actuator remains disconnected under the action of the permanent magnet.
  • the program of the microcontrol chip U2 then controls the low level of IN1 to drive the IN1 pin of the chip U1. The level is pulled low.
  • micro-control AN0-AN5 of chip U2 are AD input channels, used to expand other detection and protection functions.
  • RXD and TXD of microcontrol chip U2 are asynchronous communication interfaces, which can expand communication functions with host computer and human-machine interface debugging software, and parameter configuration check;
  • This control method for arc-free breaking of AC circuits is easy to use, solves the problem of arcs generated during the switching process of AC inductive loads, and is highly efficient and energy-saving. It delays the time for the contactor to absorb and disconnect the circuit, and effectively separates the contacts. Time-delayed on and off control is performed to find the true current zero-crossing point, which effectively solves the problem of electrical corrosion of contacts during load switching.

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Abstract

一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，属于电力控制技术领域，包括以下步骤：供电步骤：将输入控制电压转换成电磁执行机构的线圈工作电压，同时向储能电路供电；输入电压检测步骤：检测供电步骤中输入电压数值，将输入控制电压数值与设定值相比较；闭合步骤：控制电路延时输出正向脉冲至线圈，电磁执行机构在下一个过零点时接通主回路；断开步骤，电磁执行机构在下一个过零点时断开主回路；解决了交流负载通、断切换过程产生中电弧的问题，且高效节能，通过软件延时控制电磁执行机构闭合和断开电路的时间，对触头分时的进行延时通、断控制从而找到真正的电流过零点，有效解决了触点在负载切换时的电腐蚀问题。

Description

一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法 技术领域
本发明属于电力控制技术领域，具体涉及无弧分断交流电路的控制方法。
背景技术
交流接触器一般用于工频交流单相AC220V或三相AC380V的工控场景下，由于工频交流工作特性是电流电压按相对固定的频率交互变化，且电压相对较高，在电磁线圈控制主回路通、断的瞬间，触点会发生燃弧现象，燃弧不但会造成触点工作寿命严重下降，而且燃弧过程会造成电磁辐射干扰影响周边电子线路、无线通讯的正常工作，在一些大功率感性负载的控制应用场合，受燃弧的影响，电寿命一般只有设计机械寿命的10％甚至低于1％，造成设备线路频繁维护，生产停业事故频发，从交流电发明出来，已经历一百多年的发展，工程设计者对于交流电通、断燃弧抑制技术都局限于发展研究触点的基础新材料与产品的灭弧结构设计，至今为止，解决问题的办法一直停留在探索和研究阶段，特别是针对交流接触器燃弧抑制技术是整个行业都束手无策的难题。
交流接触器目前主要应用在动力控制领域，对于动力控制目前有三种常用方法，第一种传统方法，使用电磁保持接触器，目前被广泛使用，使用方便，控制线路简单，缺点是电寿命短，线圈功耗较大发热温升高，目前行业发展方向看有被淘汰的迫切需要；第二种是使用晶闸管来作为交流电通断控制，这种方法工作时无电弧，寿命长，基本可以忽略不计，但是晶闸管导通时有一定的压降，当流过的电流较大时功耗很大，发热严重，晶闸管由于耐压值不高，容易发生击穿，逻辑控制线路复杂，可靠性差；第三种是使用磁保持接触器，这种方法只有控制线圈功耗上的优势，缺点是电寿命短，逻辑控制线路复杂，因此，需要研发一种新的控制方法解决现有的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，以解决交流感性负载通、断切换过程中电弧严重的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
供电步骤：
将输入控制电压转换成电磁执行机构的线圈工作电压，同时向储能电路供电；
输入电压检测步骤：
检测所述供电步骤中输入电压值，将输入电压值与设定值相比较；
闭合步骤：
当接通控制电源或检测到输入电压高于电磁执行机构的线圈电压闭合设定值，且检测到主回路过零信号时，控制电路延时输出正向脉冲至线圈，电磁执行机构在下一个过零点时接通主回路；
断开步骤：
当断开控制电源或检测到输入电压低于电磁执行机构的线圈电压闭合设定值，且检测到主回路过零信号时，控制电路延时输出反向脉冲至线圈，电磁执行机构在下一个过零点时断开主回路。
优选的，所述控制电路包括将电源输入电压降至设置电压的串联降压电路、与串联降压电路相连接的MCU供电电路、与电源相连接的用于将输入的交流电转换成直流电的整流滤波电路、与MCU供电电路相连接用于提供电能的储能电路、用于检测输入控制电压的电源信号变换电路，与MCU供电电路相连接用于驱动线圈通断的线圈驱动电路、用于接收电源信号变换电路电压检测信号并将过零脉冲信号发给过零检测变换电路的微控制芯片U2、接收所述微控制芯片U2过零脉冲信号并切换线圈输入端电极的过零检测变换电路。
优选的，所述储能电路包括一端与线圈驱动电路相连接的二极管D5、连接在二极管D5另一端的储能电容C2、与二极管D5并联的电阻R2；
所述整流滤波电路包括与电源正极相连接的二极管D1、与二极管D1相连接的电容C3；
所述串联降压电路包括依次串联的二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4,所述二极管D2与整流滤波电路相连接；
所述MCU供电电路包括与串联降压电路相连接的电阻R1、连接在所述电阻R1一端的稳压二极管DW1、与所述稳压二极管DW1并联的电容C1；
其中，所述电容C1和稳压二极管DW1的一端与线圈驱动电路中驱动芯片U1的VREF引脚相连接；所述电阻R1的另一端与线圈驱动电路中驱动芯片U1的VBB引脚相连接；
所述电阻R7与驱动芯片U1的LSS引脚相连接，所述驱动芯片U1的OUT1引脚和OUT2引脚和线圈相连接。
优选的，供电步骤中：电源上电，正极经二极管D1,电容C3整流滤波，经二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4多二极管阵列串联降压，根据输入电压的高低配置的二极管串联数量，为驱动芯片U1的VBB引脚提供电源电压，通过电阻R2向电容C2储能电容充电，经电阻R1与稳压二极管DW1串联稳压值为5V的电压接入驱动芯片U1的模拟电压输 入Vref引脚；电源正极经电阻R4、电阻R3与电阻R10分压后接到微控制芯片U2的AN10引脚的AD信号输入端；微控制芯片U2的输出I/O口P3.4、P3.5分别接驱动芯片U1的IN1引脚、IN2引脚。
优选的，所述线圈驱动电路包括驱动芯片U1、一端连接在所述驱动芯片U1的LSS引脚的电阻R7、连接在电阻R7另一端的二极管D7和二极管D11、与二极管D7相连接的二极管D6、与二极管D11相连接的二极管D8。
优选的，所述电源信号变换电路包括一端与串联降压电路相连接的电阻R4、连接在电阻R4另一端的电阻R3、与电阻R3相连接的电阻R10、并联在电阻R10两端的电容C4和稳压二极管DW2；
其中，所述电阻R10、电容C4和稳压二极管DW2的节点与电源负极相连接，且所述稳压二极管DW2还与微控制芯片U2的AN10引脚相连接。
优选的，所述过零检测变换电路包括与微控制芯片U2相连接的光电耦合器U3、与U3相连接的三极管V1和电容C5、连接在三极管V1上的电阻R11、一端的连接在电阻R11与电容C5节点上的的D14、连接在D14另一端的稳压二极管DW3、与稳压二极管DW3并联的电阻R5、与电阻R5相连接的二极管D9、与二极管D9并联的二极管D13、一端连接在二极管D9上的电阻R8、一端连接在二极管D13的电阻R9、一端连接在二极管D9和电阻R8节点的二极管D10、串联在二极管D10上并与二极管D13和电阻R9节点相连接的二极管D12。
优选的，闭合步骤中、当当接通控制电源或微控制芯片U2的AD输入端AN10检测到输入控制电压大于电磁执行机构线圈电压设定值时，且微控制芯片U2的P1.7检测到交流信号过零点下降沿，微控制芯片U2的程序控制延时后IN2置高电平,IN1低电平；驱动芯片U1的OUT2引脚输出正极，OUT1引脚输出负极的电源电压，电磁执行机构线圈得电，电磁铁的磁力方向状态发生翻转,电磁执行机构在永磁体的作用下保持闭合，再由微控制芯片U2的程序控制IN2低电平，驱动芯片U1的IN2引脚电平被拉低，根据驱动芯片U1的真值表，驱动芯片U1的OUT1引脚、OUT2引脚输出高阻，电磁执行机构线圈失电，线圈电流为零。
优选的，断开步骤中：当控制电源断电，或微控制芯片U2的AD AN10检测到输入控制电压低于电磁执行机构线圈电压设定值时，储能电容C2放电经二极管D5继续为芯片提供电源，二极管D4反向截止而禁止向电源信号变换电路供电，微控制芯片U2的P1.7引脚检测到交流信号过零点下降沿，控制IN1置高电平，驱动芯片U1的OUT1引脚、OUT2 引脚输出瞬间发生翻转，OUT2引脚输出负极，OUT1引脚输出正极，电磁执行机构线圈在储能电容C2的作用下得电，电磁铁的磁力方向状态发生翻转，电磁执行机构在永磁体的作用下保持断开状态，再由微控制芯片U2的程序控制IN1低电平，驱动芯片U1的IN1引脚电平被拉低，驱动芯片U1的OUT1、OUT2引脚输出高阻，电磁执行机构线圈失电，线圈电流为零。
优选的，所述驱动芯片U1的IN1和IN2引脚分别和微控制芯片U2的P3.4引脚和P3.5引脚相连接；所述微控制芯片U2还包括用于通讯的RXD引脚、TXD引脚、用于编程接口的INT1引脚、INT1引脚、TDI引脚、TCK引脚。
本发明的技术效果和优点：该无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，使用方便，解决了交流负载通、断切换过程产生中电弧的问题，且高效节能，延时控制电磁执行机构闭合和断开电路的时间，对触头分时的进行延时通、断控制从而找到真正的电流过零点，有效的解决了触点在负载切换时的电腐蚀问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明的流程示意图
图2为本发明电磁执行机构工作原理图；
图3为本发明的控制电路图。
图中：1、串联降压电路；2、MCU供电电路；3、储能电路；4、电源信号变换电路；5、线圈驱动电路；6、过零检测变换电路；7、整流滤波电路；8、第一永磁体；9、第二永磁体；10、动铁芯；11、线圈；12、导磁体；13、控制电路板；14、控制电源；15、主回路静触头；16、主回路动触头；17、联动组件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了如图1中所示的一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
供电步骤：
将输入控制电压转换成电磁执行机构的线圈工作电压，同时向储能电路3供电；
输入电压检测步骤：
检测所述供电步骤中输入电压值，将输入电压值与设定值相比较；
闭合步骤：
当接通控制电源或检测到输入控制电压高于电磁执行机构的线圈电压闭合设定值，且检测到主回路过零信号时，控制电路延时输出正向脉冲至线圈，电磁执行机构在下一个过零点时接通主回路，若检测输入控制电压高于设定值时，微控制芯片U2检测到下降沿，电磁执行机构线圈得电，电磁执行机构在永磁体作用下保持闭合状态；本实施例中，微处理芯片U2检测到交流信号侧的过零点时，由微处理芯片U2的延时程序输出闭合信号给全桥控制芯片U1，电磁执行机构在下一个过零点时精准接通主电路，使主电路无电弧闭合；电磁执行机构线圈得电，电磁执行机构在永磁体作用下保持闭合状态；
断开步骤：
当断开控制电源或检测到输入控制电压低于电磁执行机构的线圈电压闭合设定值，且检测到主回路过零信号时，控制电路延时输出反向脉冲至线圈，电磁执行机构在下一个过零点时断开主回路，若检测输入控制电压低于设定值时，微控制芯片U2检测到下降沿，储能电路3给电磁执行机构线圈供电，转换电磁执行机构线圈闭合步骤时的正负极性，使电磁铁的磁力方向状态发生翻转，电磁执行机构在永磁体作用下保持断开状态，电磁执行机构线圈失电，线圈电流为零；本实施例中，当微处理芯片U2检测到交流主电路的过零点时，由微处理芯片U2的延时程序输出关断信号给全桥控制芯片U1，电磁执行机构在下一个过零点时精准分断主电路，此时由储能电容继续给电控制电路供电，全桥控制芯片U1输出反向电压，线圈电磁的磁力方向状态发生翻转，使主电路在过零点的状态下无电弧分断，程序控制全桥控制芯片U1输出电压为零，电磁执行机构线圈失电，电磁执行机构在永磁体作用下保持断开状态；
如图3所示，所述控制电路包括：将电源输入控制电压降至设置电压的串联降压电路1、所述串联降压电路1包括依次串联的二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4,所述二极管D2与整流滤波电路7相连接。
与串联降压电路1相连接的MCU供电电路2、所述MCU供电电路2包括与串联降压电路1相连接的电阻R1、连接在所述电阻R1一端的稳压二极管DW1、与所述稳压二极管DW1并联的电容C1；
其中，所述电容C1和稳压二极管DW1的一端与线圈驱动电路5中驱动芯片U1的VREF引脚相连接；所述电阻R1的另一端与线圈驱动电路5中驱动芯片U1的VBB引脚相连接。
与MCU供电电路2相连接用于驱动线圈通断的线圈驱动电路5、所述线圈驱动电路5包括驱动芯片U1、一端连接在所述驱动芯片U1的LSS引脚的电阻R7、连接在电阻R7 另一端的二极管D7和二极管D11、与二极管D7相连接的二极管D6、与二极管D11相连接的二极管D8；所述电阻R7与驱动芯片U1的LSS引脚相连接，所述驱动芯片U1的OUT1引脚和OUT2引脚和线圈相连接。
与线圈驱动电路5相连接用于检测输入控制电压的电源信号变换电路4、所述电源信号变换电路4包括一端与串联降压电路1相连接的电阻R4、连接在电阻R4另一端的电阻R3、与电阻R3相连接的电阻R10、并联在电阻R10两端的电容C4和稳压二极管DW2；
其中，所述电阻R10、电容C4和稳压二极管DW2的节点与电源负极相连接，且所述稳压二极管DW2还与微控制芯片U2的AN10引脚相连接。
接收所述电源信号变换电路4电压检测信号提供电能给所述线圈驱动电路5的储能电路3、所述储能电路3包括一端与线圈驱动电路5相连接的二极管D5、连接在二极管D5另一端的储能电容C2、与二极管D5并联的电阻R2；
所述整流滤波电路7包括与电源正极相连接的二极管D1、与二极管D1相连接的电容C3。
用于接收电源信号变换电路4电压检测信号并将过零脉冲信号发给过零检测变换电路6的微控制芯片U2、
接收所述微控制芯片U2的过零脉冲信号并切换线圈输入端电极的过零检测变换电路6、所述过零检测变换电路6包括与微控制芯片U2相连接的光电耦合器U3、与U3相连接的三极管V1和电容C5、连接在三极管V1上的电阻R11、一端的连接在电阻R11与电容C5节点上的的D14、连接在D14另一端的稳压二极管DW3、与稳压二极管DW3并联的电阻R5、与电阻R5相连接的二极管D9、与二极管D9并联的二极管D13、一端连接在二极管D9上的电阻R8、一端连接在二极管D13的电阻R9、一端连接在二极管D9和电阻R8节点的二极管D10、串联在二极管D10上并与二极管D13和电阻R9节点相连接的二极管D12。
与电源相连接的用于将输入的交流电转换成直流电的整流滤波电路7；
所述驱动芯片U1的IN1和IN2引脚分别和微控制芯片U2的P3.4引脚和P3.5引脚相连接；所述微控制芯片U2还包括用于通讯的RXD引脚、TXD引脚、用于编程接口的INT1引脚、INT1引脚、TDI引脚、TCK引脚；
该无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，电源上电，正极经二极管D1,电容C3整流滤波，再经二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4多二极管阵列串联降压，根据输入电压的高低配置的二极管串联数量，为驱动芯片U1的VBB引脚提供电源电压，本实施例中，电磁执行机构采用的是交流接触器或者断路器；本实施例以电磁执行机构采用的是电磁执行机构为例，
电磁执行机构运行如图2所示；断开第一永磁体8，闭合第二永磁体9；
当控制电源14接通，控制电路板13输出正向电压脉冲至线圈11，主回路动触头16随联动组件17与动铁芯10向下运动，在闭合永磁体9的作用下主回路静触头15与主回路动触头16保持闭合状态；当控制电源14断开，控制电路板13输出一个反向脉冲电压至线圈11，主回路动触头16随联动组件17与动铁芯10向上运动，在断开永磁体8的作用下主回路静触头15与主回路动触头16保持断开状态；
本实施例的电磁执行机构的线圈工作电压，同时通过电阻R2向电容C2储能电容充电，经电阻R1与稳压二极管DW1串联稳压值为5V的电压接入驱动芯片U1的模拟电压输入Vref引脚；电源正极经电阻R4、电阻R3与电阻R10分压后接到微控制芯片U2的AN10引脚的AD信号输入端；微控制芯片U2的输出I/O口P3.4、P3.5分别接驱动芯片U1的IN1引脚、1N2引脚；当微控制芯片U2的AD输入端AN10检测到控制电源电压高于电磁执行机构线圈电压设定值时，并且微控制芯片U2的P1.7检测到交流信号过零点下降沿，由微控制芯片U2的程序控制延时后，IN2置高电平，IN1低电平；根据U1的真值表，见表1，
表1真值表
IN1 IN2 OUT1 OUT2 功能
0 1 L H 吸合
1 0 H L 释放
0 0 Z Z 保持
驱动芯片U1的OUT2引脚输出正极，OUT1引脚输出负极的电源电压，电磁执行机构线圈得电，电磁铁的磁力方向状态发生翻转，电磁执行机构在永磁体的作用下保持闭合，再由微控制芯片U2的程序控制IN2低电平，驱动芯片U1的IN2引脚电平被拉低，根据驱动芯片U1的真值表，驱动芯片U1的OUT1引脚、OUT2引脚输出高阻，电磁执行机构线圈失电，线圈电流为零；当电源断电，或者微控制芯片U2的AD检测到输入端电压低于电磁执行机构线圈线圈电压断开设定值时，储能电容C2放电经二极管D5继续为芯片提供电源，二极管D4反向截止而禁止向电源信号变换电路4供电，微控制芯片U2的P1.7引脚检测到交流信号过零点下降沿，也就是交流同步过零信号，程序控制IN1置高电平，再次根据真值表可知，驱动芯片U1的OUT1引脚、OUT2引脚输出瞬间发生翻转，OUT2引脚输出负极，OUT1引脚输出正极，电磁执行机构线圈在储能电容C2的作用下得电，电磁铁的磁力方向状态发生翻转，电磁执行机构在永磁体的作用下保持断开状态，再由微控制芯片U2的程序控制IN1低电平，驱动芯片U1的IN1引脚电平被拉低，根据驱动芯片U1的真值表，驱动 芯片U1的OUT1、OUT2引脚输出高阻，电磁执行机构线圈失电，线圈电流为零，防止低电压下线圈一直通电；微控制芯片U2的AN0-AN5为AD输入通道，用于扩展其他检测，保护功能，微控制芯片U2的RXD,TXD为异步通讯接口，可以扩展与上位机通讯功能及人机界面调试软件通讯，参数配置校验；
该无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，使用方便，解决了交流感性负载通、断切换过程产生中电弧的问题，且高效节能，延时控制接触器吸附和断开电路的时间，对触头分时的进行延时通、断控制从而找到真正的电流过零点，有效的解决了触点在负载切换时的电腐蚀问题。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    供电步骤：
    将输入控制电压转换成电磁执行机构的线圈工作电压，同时向储能电路(3)供电；
    输入电压检测步骤：
    检测所述供电步骤中输入电压值，将输入控制电压值与设定值相比较；
    闭合步骤：
    当接通控制电源或检测到输入控制电压高于电磁执行机构的线圈电压闭合设定值，且检测到主回路过零信号时，控制电路延时输出正向脉冲至线圈，电磁执行机构在下一个过零点时接通主回路；
    断开步骤：
    当断开控制电源或检测到输入控制电压低于电磁执行机构的线圈电压闭合设定值，且检测到主回路过零信号时，控制电路延时输出反向脉冲至线圈，电磁执行机构在下一个过零点时断开主回路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，其特征在于：所述控制电路包括将电源输入电压降至设置电压的串联降压电路(1)、与串联降压电路(1)相连接的MCU供电电路(2)、与电源相连接的用于将输入的交流电转换成直流电的整流滤波电路(7)、与MCU供电电路(2)相连接用于提供电能的储能电路(3)、用于检测输入控制电压的电源信号变换电路(4)，与MCU供电电路(2)相连接用于驱动线圈通断的线圈驱动电路(5)、用于接收电源信号变换电路(4)电压检测信号并将过零脉冲信号发给过零检测变换电路(6)的微控制芯片U2、接收所述微控制芯片U2过零脉冲信号并切换线圈输入端电极的过零检测变换电路(6)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，其特征在于：所述储能电路(3)包括一端与线圈驱动电路(5)相连接的二极管D5、连接在二极管D5另一端的储能电容C2、与二极管D5并联的电阻R2；
    所述整流滤波电路(7)包括与电源正极相连接的二极管D1、与二极管D1相连接的电容C3；
    所述串联降压电路(1)包括依次串联的二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4,所述二极管D2与整流滤波电路(7)相连接；
    所述MCU供电电路(2)包括与串联降压电路(1)相连接的电阻R1、连接在所述电阻R1一端的稳压二极管DW1、与所述稳压二极管DW1并联的电容C1；
    其中，所述电容C1和稳压二极管DW1的一端与线圈驱动电路(5)中驱动芯片U1的VREF引脚相连接；所述电阻R1的另一端与线圈驱动电路(5)中驱动芯片U1的VBB引脚相连接；
    所述电阻R7与驱动芯片U1的LSS引脚相连接，所述驱动芯片U1的OUT1引脚和OUT2引脚和线圈相连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，其特征在于：供电步骤中：电源上电，正极经二极管D1,电容C3整流滤波，经二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4多二极管阵列串联降压，通过电阻R2向电容C2储能电容充电，经电阻R1与稳压二极管DW1串联稳压值为5V的电压接入驱动芯片U1的模拟电压输入Vref引脚；电源正极经电阻R4、电阻R3与电阻R10分压后接到微控制芯片U2的AN10引脚的AD信号输入端；微控制芯片U2的输出I/O口P3.4、P3.5分别接驱动芯片U1的IN1引脚、IN2引脚。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，其特征在于：所述线圈驱动电路(5)包括驱动芯片U1、一端连接在所述驱动芯片U1的LSS引脚的电阻R7、连接在电阻R7另一端的二极管D7和二极管D11、与二极管D7相连接的二极管D6、与二极管D11相连接的二极管D8。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，其特征在于：所述电源信号变换电路(4)包括一端与串联降压电路(1)相连接的电阻R4、连接在电阻R4另一端的电阻R3、与电阻R3相连接的电阻R10、并联在电阻R10两端的电容C4和稳压二极管DW2；
    其中，所述电阻R10、电容C4和稳压二极管DW2的节点与电源负极相连接，且所述稳压二极管DW2还与微控制芯片U2的AN10引脚相连接。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，其特征在于：所述过零检测变换电路(6)包括与微控制芯片U2相连接的光电耦合器U3、与U3相连接的三极管V1和电容C5、连接在三极管V1上的电阻R11、一端的连接在电阻R11与电容C5节点上的的D14、连接在D14另一端的稳压二极管DW3、与稳压二极管DW3并联的电阻R5、与电阻R5相连接的二极管D9、与二极管D9并联的二极管D13、一端连接在二极管D9上的电阻R8、一端连接在二极管D13的电阻R9、一端连接在二极管D9和电阻R8节点的二极管D10、串联在二极管D10上并与二极管D13和电阻R9节点相连接的二极管D12。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，其特征在于：闭合步骤中、当微控制芯片U2的AD输入端AN10检测到控制电源电压大于电磁执行机构线圈电压设定 值，且微控制芯片U2的P1.7检测到下降沿，微控制芯片U2的程序控制延时后IN2置高电平,IN1低电平；驱动芯片U1的OUT2引脚输出正极，OUT1引脚输出负极的电源电压，电磁执行机构线圈得电，电磁铁的磁力方向状态发生翻转,电磁执行机构在永磁体的作用下保持闭合，微控制芯片U2的程序控制IN2低电平，驱动芯片U1的IN2引脚电平被拉低，根据驱动芯片U1的真值表，驱动芯片U1的OUT1引脚、OUT2引脚输出高阻，电磁执行机构线圈失电，线圈电流为零。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，其特征在于：断开步骤中：当断开控制电源或微控制芯片U2的AD检测到输入控制电压低于电磁执行机构线圈电压设定值时，储能电容C2放电经二极管D5继续为芯片提供电源，二极管D4反向截止且禁止向电源信号变换电路(4)供电；
    微控制芯片U2的P1.7引脚检测到下降沿，并控制IN1置高电平，驱动芯片U1的OUT1引脚、OUT2引脚输出瞬间发生翻转，OUT2引脚输出负极，OUT1引脚输出正极，电磁执行机构线圈在储能电容C2的作用下得电，电磁铁的磁力方向状态发生翻转，电磁执行机构在永磁体的作用下保持断开状态，微控制芯片U2控制IN1低电平，驱动芯片U1的IN1引脚电平被拉低，驱动芯片U1的OUT1、OUT2引脚输出高阻，电磁执行机构线圈失电，线圈电流为零。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的一种无弧分断交流电路的控制方法，其特征在于：所述驱动芯片U1的IN1和IN2引脚分别和微控制芯片U2的P3.4引脚和P3.5引脚相连接；所述微控制芯片U2还包括用于通讯的RXD引脚、TXD引脚、用于编程接口的INT1引脚、INT1引脚、TDI引脚、TCK引脚。
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