WO2023184610A1 - 一种基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统及检测方法 - Google Patents

一种基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统及检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2023184610A1
WO2023184610A1 PCT/CN2022/087376 CN2022087376W WO2023184610A1 WO 2023184610 A1 WO2023184610 A1 WO 2023184610A1 CN 2022087376 W CN2022087376 W CN 2022087376W WO 2023184610 A1 WO2023184610 A1 WO 2023184610A1
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photoacoustic
dust
sampling
detection cavity
free
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PCT/CN2022/087376
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English (en)
French (fr)
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靳华伟
方磊
王浩伟
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安徽理工大学
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Priority to US17/984,859 priority Critical patent/US11662301B1/en
Publication of WO2023184610A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023184610A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
    • G01N2021/1704—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids in gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of mine dust detection, and specifically to a real-time detection system and detection method of mine dust based on dual photoacoustic spectrum.
  • Respirable dust is the main factor leading to pneumoconiosis, which is the most serious occupational disease in my country.
  • "Coal Mine Safety Regulations” stipulates that coal mining enterprises must monitor underground production dust. When the free SiO2 content in coal dust is ⁇ 10%, the respirable dust at the time-weighted average allowable concentration should be less than 2.5 mg/m3 and the total dust Should be less than 4mg/m3, etc. It can be seen that the free silica content in dust is an important basis for judging whether the dust exceeds the standard. The regulations stipulate that the free silica content in dust must be measured every six months. Silica floats in the coal dust air in the form of free gas, with a small content. Most of the existing detection technology means are offline sampling, which has major shortcomings in real-time and accuracy, and cannot achieve online detection and real-time analysis. , cannot meet the requirements for mine respiratory dust prevention and control.
  • the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a real-time detection system and detection method for mine dust based on dual photoacoustic spectroscopy that can perform online detection of free SiO 2 content, respiratory dust concentration and total dust concentration in dust.
  • a real-time detection system for mine dust based on dual photoacoustic spectrum including a first sampling unit, a first photoacoustic detection cavity, a second sampling unit, a second photoacoustic Detection cavity, signal unit and processing unit;
  • the first sampling unit is used to separately sample the background and dust in the dust.
  • the first photoacoustic detection cavity is connected with the first sampling unit and is the material sampled by the first sampling unit.
  • the second sampling unit is used to separately sample the background interference gas in the dust, the free respiratory dust in the dust and the free total dust, the second photoacoustic detection cavity and the
  • the second sampling unit is connected and provides a photoacoustic effect site for the material sampled by the second sampling unit, and the second photoacoustic detection cavity is connected with the first photoacoustic detection cavity, and the signal unit
  • the processing unit is used to collect and process the photoacoustic signal generated after the photoacoustic effect.
  • the first sampling unit includes a background CO sampling gas path provided with a first filter membrane, and a total CO sampling gas path provided with a reaction component that can react gaseous free SiO 2 in dust to generate solid Si and gaseous CO. and a three-way control valve.
  • the background CO sampling gas path, the total CO sampling gas path, and one end of the first photoacoustic detection cavity are respectively connected with the three ports of the three-way control valve, so The other ends of the background CO sampling gas path and the total CO sampling gas path are respectively used for sampling, and the other end of the first photoacoustic detection cavity is connected to the second photoacoustic detection cavity.
  • the reaction component includes a carbon tube and a heating belt for heating the carbon tube, a high-temperature quartz felt, a high-temperature quartz fiber and a high-temperature insulation cotton that are wrapped in the outer layer of the carbon tube in turn.
  • One end is the sampling port, and the other end is connected to the total CO sampling gas path.
  • the second sampling unit includes a background interference gas sampling gas path provided with a second filter membrane, a free respirable dust sampling gas path provided with a 7um metal filter membrane, a free total dust sampling gas path, and a four-way control.
  • a background interference gas sampling gas path provided with a second filter membrane
  • a free respirable dust sampling gas path provided with a 7um metal filter membrane
  • a free total dust sampling gas path and a four-way control.
  • valve, one end of the background interference gas sampling gas path, the free respirable dust sampling gas path and the free total dust sampling gas path are respectively connected with the three ports of the four-way control valve, and the other end is respectively connected with the three ports of the four-way control valve. It is connected with the second photoacoustic detection cavity.
  • the signal unit includes a laser, a signal modulator for modulating the laser to output a square wave modulation signal and emitting a near-infrared laser, and a signal modulator for passing the obtained laser through the first photoacoustic detection cavity or The reflective mirror can pass through the second photoacoustic detection cavity.
  • first photoacoustic detection cavity and the second photoacoustic detection cavity both include a photoacoustic cavity and a microphone disposed in the middle part of the photoacoustic cavity for generating a photoacoustic signal, And both ends of the photoacoustic cavity are sealed with sealing o-rings and quartz windows;
  • the processing unit includes a lock-in amplifier for collecting and amplifying the photoacoustic signals generated by the microphone and detection software for processing and displaying the signals collected by the lock-in amplifier.
  • sampling pump is arranged between the first photoacoustic detection cavity and the second photoacoustic detection cavity for pumping air.
  • the two flow meters Gauges are respectively provided between the first photoacoustic detection cavity and the sampling pump, and between the second photoacoustic detection cavity and the sampling pump, for controlling gas flow.
  • a real-time detection method for mine dust based on dual photoacoustic spectrum including a real-time detection system for mine dust based on dual photoacoustic spectrum, the steps of which are:
  • the first sampling unit adjust the three-way control valve to connect the first photoacoustic detection cavity with the background CO sampling gas path.
  • the second sampling unit adjust the four-way control valve to connect the first photoacoustic detection cavity with the background CO sampling gas path. Connect the second photoacoustic detection cavity and the background interference gas sampling gas path through a control valve;
  • the background CO of the dust filters the particulate dust through the first filter membrane, and enters the first photoacoustic detection cavity through the three-way control valve;
  • dust enters from the four-way control valve filters the particulate dust through the second filter membrane, enters the second photoacoustic detection cavity, and then enters the first photoacoustic detection
  • the object to be measured in the cavity is the background CO of dust, and the object to be measured entering the second photoacoustic detection cavity is the background interfering gas of coal dust;
  • the signal modulator to modulate the laser to emit laser.
  • the laser passes through the first photoacoustic detection cavity and the second photoacoustic detection cavity.
  • the laser is based on The photoacoustic effect excites the CO gas, generates a sound pressure band, and drives the microphone provided on the first photoacoustic detection cavity to generate a photoacoustic signal.
  • the photoacoustic signal is then collected and amplified by the lock-in amplifier.
  • the background CO content S CO background is displayed on the detection software; in the second photoacoustic detection cavity: the laser excites the background interference gas based on the photoacoustic effect to generate a sound pressure band, and the driver is set in the third
  • the microphone on the second photoacoustic detection cavity generates a photoacoustic signal, which is then collected and amplified by the lock-in amplifier, and then the detection software displays the background interference gas content S background interference ;
  • the first sampling unit adjust the three-way control valve to connect the first photoacoustic detection cavity with the total CO sampling gas path; in the second sampling unit: adjust the A four-way control valve connects the second photoacoustic detection cavity and the free respiratory dust sampling gas path;
  • the dust passes through the reaction component, in which the reaction of gaseous free SiO generates solid Si and gaseous CO.
  • the gaseous CO generated by gaseous freeing and the CO in the original dust enter through the three-way control valve.
  • the object is the gaseous CO generated by gaseous dissociation and the CO in the original dust.
  • the object to be measured entering the second photoacoustic detection cavity is free respiratory dust with interfering gas;
  • the microphone on the first photoacoustic detection cavity generates the photoacoustic signal of the total CO, and then collects and amplifies it through the lock-in amplifier.
  • Detection software performs processing; in the first photoacoustic detection cavity: with the S3 principle, the microphone on the second photoacoustic detection cavity generates a photoacoustic signal of free respiratory dust, and then passes through the The lock-in amplifier collects and amplifies the data and then processes it in the detection software;
  • the mine dust real-time detection system based on dual photoacoustic spectrum of the present invention is provided with a first sampling unit, a first photoacoustic detection cavity, a second sampling unit, a second photoacoustic detection cavity, a signal unit and a processing unit;
  • the first sampling unit can separately sample the background CO in the dust and the total CO in the dust. After sampling the background CO in the dust, it is processed by the signal unit and the first photoacoustic detection cavity to obtain the photoacoustic signal of the background CO in the dust. ; After sampling the total dust CO, the photoacoustic signal of the total dust CO is obtained through the signal unit and the first photoacoustic detection cavity.
  • the total dust CO includes the CO generated by the reaction of gaseous free SiO 2 and the dust background CO.
  • subtracting the photoacoustic signal of the background CO from the photoacoustic signal of the total CO in the dust can obtain the photoacoustic signal of CO generated by the reaction of gaseous free SiO2 , and obtain the content of CO generated by the reaction of gaseous free SiO2 .
  • the second sampling unit can separately sample the background interfering gas in the dust, the free respirable dust in the dust, and the free total dust. After sampling the background interfering gas, it is processed by the signal unit and the second photoacoustic detection cavity to obtain the actual dust content. The photoacoustic signal of the bottom interfering gas is sampled. After sampling the free respirable dust, the photoacoustic signal of the free respirable dust is obtained through the signal unit and the second photoacoustic detection cavity. The free respirable dust entering the detection contains background interference.
  • the photoacoustic signal of the background interfering gas is subtracted from the photoacoustic signal of the free respirable dust obtained to obtain the photoacoustic signal of the free respirable dust with the interfering gas removed, and then processed by the processing unit to obtain the interference removed from the dust
  • the content of free respirable dust in the gas After sampling the free total dust, the photoacoustic signal of the free total dust is obtained through the signal unit and the second photoacoustic detection cavity. The total free dust entering the detection contains background interfering gases.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the mine dust real-time detection system based on dual photoacoustic spectrum of the present invention.
  • each component in the drawing are: 1. First sampling unit; 2. First photoacoustic detection cavity; 3. Second sampling unit; 4. Second photoacoustic detection cavity; 5. Signal unit; 6. Processing unit; 7. First filter membrane; 8. Background CO sampling gas path; 9. Reaction component; 10. Total CO sampling gas path; 11. Three-way control valve; 12. Carbon tube; 13. Heating band; 14 , high temperature quartz felt; 15. high temperature quartz fiber; 16. high temperature resistant insulation cotton; 17. second filter membrane; 18. background interference gas sampling gas path; 19. 7um metal filter membrane; 20. free respiratory dust sampling gas path; 21. Free total dust sampling gas path; 22. Four-way control valve; 23. Laser; 24. Signal modulator; 25. Reflector; 26. Photoacoustic cavity; 27. Microphone; 28. Lock-in amplifier ; 29. Detection software; 30. Sampling pump; 31. Flow meter; 32. Temperature probe.
  • the real-time detection system of mine dust based on dual photoacoustic spectrum of the present invention includes a first sampling unit 1, a first photoacoustic detection cavity 2, a second sampling unit 3, a second photoacoustic detection cavity 4, a signal unit 5 and a processing unit.
  • the first sampling unit 1 is used to separately sample the background CO and the total CO in the dust.
  • the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 is connected with the first sampling unit 1 and serves as the first sampling unit.
  • the substances sampled by the sampling unit 1 provide a place for photoacoustic effects.
  • the second sampling unit 3 is used to separately sample the background interfering gases in the dust, free respiratory dust and free total dust in the dust.
  • the second optical The acoustic detection cavity 4 is connected with the second sampling unit 3 and provides a photoacoustic effect site for the substances sampled by the second sampling unit 3, and the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 is connected with the first light
  • the acoustic detection cavities 2 are connected, the signal unit 5 is used to provide laser signals for the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 and the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4, and the processing unit 6 is used to convert the light
  • the photoacoustic signal generated after the acoustic effect is collected and processed.
  • the real-time detection system of mine dust based on dual photoacoustic spectrum of the present invention is provided with a first sampling unit 1, a first photoacoustic detection cavity 2, a second sampling unit 3, a second photoacoustic detection cavity 4, a signal unit 5 and a processing unit.
  • the first sampling unit 1 can separately sample the background CO in the dust and the total CO in the dust. After sampling the background CO in the dust, it is processed by the signal unit 5 and the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 to obtain the background CO of the dust. Photoacoustic signal; after sampling the total dust CO, it is processed by the signal unit and the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 to obtain the photoacoustic signal of the total dust CO, and the total dust CO includes the CO generated by the reaction of gaseous free SiO 2 and the dust background CO is processed by the processing unit 6, and the photoacoustic signal of the background CO is subtracted from the photoacoustic signal of the total CO in the dust to obtain the photoacoustic signal of CO generated by the reaction of gaseous free SiO2 , and the photoacoustic signal of CO generated by the reaction of gaseous free SiO2 is obtained.
  • Content the content of gaseous free SiO 2 can be calculated by using the formula;
  • the second sampling unit 3 can separately sample the background interference gas in the dust, the free respirable dust in the dust, and the free total dust.
  • the background interference gas is sampled and processed through the signal unit 5 and the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4
  • the photoacoustic signal of the dust background interfering gas is obtained
  • the free respiratory dust is sampled and processed through the signal unit 5 and the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 to obtain the photoacoustic signal of the free respiratory dust, and the free respiratory dust that enters the detection
  • the total free dust is sampled and processed through the signal unit 5 and the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 to obtain the photoacoustic signal of the free total dust.
  • the total free dust that enters the detection It contains background interfering gas.
  • the obtained photoacoustic signal of the free total dust is subtracted from the photoacoustic signal of the background interfering gas to obtain the photoacoustic signal of the free total dust with the interfering gas removed, and the photoacoustic signal of the free total dust is obtained.
  • the first sampling unit 1 includes a background CO sampling gas path 8 provided with a first filter membrane 7 and a reaction component that can react gaseous free SiO 2 in dust to generate solid Si and gaseous CO.
  • a background CO sampling gas path 8 provided with a first filter membrane 7 and a reaction component that can react gaseous free SiO 2 in dust to generate solid Si and gaseous CO.
  • the total CO sampling gas path 10 and the three-way control valve 11, the background CO sampling gas path 8, the total CO sampling gas path 10 and one end of the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 are respectively connected with the The three ports of the three-way control valve 11 are connected.
  • the other ends of the background CO sampling gas path 8 and the total CO sampling gas path 10 are respectively used for sampling.
  • the other end of the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 One end is connected to the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 .
  • the three-way control valve 11 controls the background CO sampling gas path 8 and the total CO sampling gas path 10 to communicate with the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 respectively, thereby realizing the background CO sampling gas path 8 and the total CO sampling gas path. 10 are collected separately to obtain two sets of data for easy processing.
  • the reaction component 9 includes a carbon tube 12 and a heating belt 13 , a high-temperature quartz felt 14 , and a high-temperature quartz fiber 15 that are sequentially wrapped around the outer layer of the carbon tube 12 to heat the carbon tube 12 and high-temperature-resistant thermal insulation cotton 16.
  • One end of the carbon tube 12 is a sampling port, and the other end is connected to the total CO sampling gas path 10.
  • the reaction component 9 in this embodiment also includes an internal temperature probe 32 for temperature control, which facilitates temperature control within the reaction component 9 .
  • the second sampling unit 3 includes a background interference gas sampling gas path 18 provided with a second filter membrane 17, a free respiratory dust sampling gas path 20 provided with a 7um metal filter membrane 19, free total Dust sampling gas circuit 21 and four-way control valve 22, one end of the background interference gas sampling gas circuit 18, the free respirable dust sampling gas circuit 20 and the free total dust sampling gas circuit 21 are respectively connected with the four-way
  • the three ports of the control valve 22 are connected to each other, and the other end is connected to the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 respectively.
  • the four-way control valve 22 controls the background interference gas sampling gas path 18, the free respiratory dust sampling gas path 20, and the free total dust sampling gas path 21 to communicate with the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 respectively, realizing three gas lines.
  • the roads are collected separately, and three sets of data are obtained for easy processing.
  • the signal unit 5 includes a laser 23, a signal modulator 24 for modulating the laser 23 to output a square wave modulation signal and emitting a near-infrared laser, and a signal modulator 24 for passing the obtained laser through the third
  • a photoacoustic detection cavity 2 can also pass through the reflector 25 of the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 .
  • the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 and the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 are arranged in parallel, there are two reflectors 25 , and the laser 23 is arranged on one side of the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 , a reflector 25 is disposed on the other side of the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2, and the other side reflector 25 is disposed below the first reflector 25 and on one side of the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4.
  • the laser of 23 can enter the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 through the reflection of the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 and the two reflectors 25. This design realizes the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 and the second photoacoustic detection cavity.
  • the interior of the body 4 can produce photoacoustic effects at the same time for synchronous detection.
  • the detection object of the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 is CO gas, and the waveband obtained by modulating the laser 23 is 2.3 ⁇ m mid-infrared. Laser is used for detection, and the CO absorption cross-section at 4300.699cm-1 is selected as the sensing target to obtain photoacoustic effect data.
  • the detection object in the second photoacoustic detection cavity is dust and does not have an absorption cross-section. Any waveband of the near-field sensor can be used. Infrared lasers produce photoacoustic effects.
  • the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 and the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 each include a photoacoustic cavity 26 and a device disposed in the middle part of the photoacoustic cavity 26 for generating light.
  • Microphone 27 for acoustic signals, and both ends of the photoacoustic cavity 26 are sealed with sealing o-rings and quartz windows;
  • the processing unit 6 includes a lock-in amplifier 28 for collecting and amplifying the photoacoustic signal generated by the microphone 27 and a detection software 29 for processing and displaying the signal collected by the lock-in amplifier 28 .
  • the middle part of the photoacoustic cavity 26 is a reaction area, and both ends are buffer areas.
  • the laser enters the reaction area through the quartz windows at both ends.
  • the laser is excited based on the photoacoustic effect.
  • the CO gas generates a sound pressure band and drives the photoacoustic signal generated by the microphone 27 arranged in the middle of the cavity.
  • the photoacoustic signal generated by the microphone 27 locks
  • the phase amplifier 28 amplifies and collects the photoacoustic signals generated by the two microphones 27 and then presents them through the detection software 29 .
  • the lock-in amplifier 28 is set in advance by the signal modulator 24 to collect the photoacoustic signals generated by the two microphones 27 . The status of the photoacoustic signal.
  • the sampling pump 30 also includes a sampling pump 30 and two flow meters 31.
  • the sampling pump 30 is disposed between the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 and the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 for To pump air, the two flow meters 31 are respectively installed between the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 and the sampling pump 30, and between the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 and the sampling pump 30.
  • a real-time detection method for mine dust based on dual photoacoustic spectrum including a real-time detection system for mine dust based on dual photoacoustic spectrum, the steps of which are:
  • first sampling unit 1 adjust the three-way control valve 11 to connect the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 with the background CO sampling gas path 8.
  • second sampling unit 3 Adjust the four-way control valve 22 to connect the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 with the background interference gas sampling gas path 18;
  • the background CO of the dust filters the particulate dust through the first filter membrane 7, and enters the first photoacoustic through the three-way control valve 11.
  • Detection cavity 2 in the second sampling unit 3: dust enters from the four-way control valve 22, filters the particulate dust through the second filter membrane 17, and enters the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4.
  • the object to be measured entering the first photoacoustic detection chamber 2 is the background CO of dust
  • the object to be measured entering the second photoacoustic detection chamber 4 is the background interfering gas of coal dust;
  • the signal modulator 24 to modulate the laser 23 to emit laser light.
  • the laser passes through the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 and the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4.
  • the laser excites the CO gas based on the photoacoustic effect, generates a sound pressure band, drives the microphone 27 provided on the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 to generate a photoacoustic signal, and the photoacoustic signal is then used by the
  • the lock-in amplifier 28 collects and amplifies, the background CO content S CO background is displayed on the detection software 29; in the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4: the laser excites the background interfering gas based on the photoacoustic effect.
  • first sampling unit 1 adjust the three-way control valve 11 to connect the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 with the total CO sampling gas path 10; in the second sampling unit 3 Middle: Adjust the four-way control valve 22 to connect the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 with the free respirable dust sampling gas path 20;
  • the dust passes through the reaction component 9, in which the reaction of gaseous free SiO 2 generates solid Si and gaseous CO.
  • the gaseous CO generated by gaseous freeing and the CO in the original dust pass through the three-way
  • the control valve 11 enters the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2;
  • dust enters the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 through the 7um metal filter membrane 19, and then enters the first
  • the objects to be measured in the photoacoustic detection chamber 2 are gaseous CO generated by free gaseous state and CO in the original dust, and the objects to be measured entering the second photoacoustic detection chamber 4 are free respiratory dust with interfering gases;
  • the microphone 27 on the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 In the same principle as S3, the microphone 27 on the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2 generates a total CO photoacoustic signal, and then passes through the lock-in amplifier 28 is collected and amplified and processed in the detection software 29; in the first photoacoustic detection cavity 2: with the S3 principle, the microphone 27 on the second photoacoustic detection cavity 4 generates free respiration The photoacoustic signal of the dust is collected and amplified by the lock-in amplifier 28 and then processed in the detection software 29;
  • the detection software 29 subtract the photoacoustic signal of the background CO obtained in S3 from the photoacoustic signal of the total CO, that is, the photoacoustic signal of CO generated by the reaction of gaseous free SiO 2 is obtained, and then converted to obtain the gaseous free SiO 2
  • the content of CO generated by the reaction S CO reaction and then convert the S CO reaction through the formula to obtain the content of gaseous free SiO 2 S SiO2
  • subtract the photoacoustic signal of the background interfering gas from the photoacoustic signal of the free respiratory dust that is Obtain the photoacoustic signal of the free respirable dust that removes the interfering gas, and then convert it to obtain the content S of the free respirable dust that removes the interfering gas.

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Abstract

一种基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统及检测方法，其中基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统包括第一采样单元(1)、第一光声检测腔体(2)、第二采样单元(3)、第二光声检测腔体(4)、信号单元(5)以及处理单元(6)；第一采样单元(1)用于分开采样，第一光声检测腔体(2)为第一采样单元(1)采样的物质提供光声效应场所，第二采样单元(3)用于分开采样，第二光声检测腔体(4)为第二采样单元(3)采样的物质提供光声效应场所，信号单元(5)用于提供激光信号，处理单元(6)用于将光声信号收集处理。有助于解决现有的矿井粉尘检测时无法对粉尘中游离SiO 2含量、呼吸性粉尘浓度以及总粉尘浓度进行在线实时检测的问题。

Description

一种基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统及检测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及矿井粉尘检测技术领域，具体地说涉及一种基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统及检测方法。
背景技术
呼吸性粉尘是导致尘肺病的主要因素，而尘肺病是我国最严重的职业病。《煤矿安全规程》规定，煤矿企业对井下生产性粉尘必须进行监测，当煤尘中游离SiO 2含量<10％时，时间加权平均容许浓度下的呼吸性粉尘应小于2.5mg/m3、总粉尘应小于4mg/m3等。可见，粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量是判断粉尘是否超标的重要依据，规程规定粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量必须每半年测定一次。二氧化硅以游离气态的形式漂浮在煤尘空气中，含量较少，现有的检测技术手段多为离线采样，在实时性和准确性上存在较大缺陷，无法做到在线检测和实时研判，不能满足矿井呼吸性粉尘防控的要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种可对粉尘中游离SiO 2含量、呼吸性粉尘浓度以及总粉尘浓度进行在线检测的基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统及其检测方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，包括第一采样单元、第一光声检测腔体、第二采样单元、第二光声检测腔体、信号单元以及处理单元；
所述第一采样单元用于对粉尘中的本底和粉尘总进行分开采样，所述第一光声检测腔体与所述第一采样单元相连通且为所述第一采样单元采样的物质提供光声效应场所，所述第二采样单元用于对粉尘中的本底干扰气体、粉尘中的游离呼吸性粉尘以及游离总粉尘进行分开采样，所述第二光声检测腔体与所述 第二采样单元相连通且为所述第二采样单元采样的物质提供光声效应场所，且所述第二光声检测腔体与所述第一光声检测腔体相连通，所述信号单元用于为所述第一光声检测腔体和所述第二光声检测腔体提供激光信号，所述处理单元用于将光声效应后的产生光声信号进行收集处理。
进一步的，所述第一采样单元包括设置有第一过滤膜的本底CO采样气路、设置有可将粉尘中气态游离SiO 2反应生成固态Si和气态CO的反应组件的总CO采样气路以及三通控制阀，所述本底CO采样气路、所述总CO采样气路以及所述第一光声检测腔体的一端分别与所述三通控制阀的三个端口相连通，所述本底CO采样气路以及所述总CO采样气路的另一端分别用于采样，所述第一光声检测腔体的另一端与所述第二光声检测腔体连通。
进一步的，所述反应组件包括碳管以及依次包裹在所述碳管的外层的对所述碳管进行加热的加热带、高温石英毡、高温石英纤维以及耐高温保温棉，所述碳管的一端为采样口、另一端与所述总CO采样气路相连通。
进一步的，所述第二采样单元包括设置有第二过滤膜的本底干扰气体采样气路、设置有7um金属过滤膜的游离呼吸性粉尘采样气路、游离总粉尘采样气路以及四通控制阀，所述本底干扰气体采样气路、所述游离呼吸性粉尘采样气路以及所述游离总粉尘采样气路的一端分别与所述四通控制阀的三个端口相连通、另一端分别与所述第二光声检测腔体相连通。
进一步的，所述信号单元包括激光器、用于调制所述激光器输出方波调制信号，发出近红外激光的信号调制器以及用于将得到的激光既可经过所述第一光声检测腔体也可经过所述第二光声检测腔体的反光镜。
进一步的，所述第一光声检测腔体和所述第二光声检测腔体均包括光声腔体以及设置在所述光声腔体的中间部分的用于产生光声信号的微音器，且所述光声腔体的两端均采用密封o圈和石英窗片密封；
所述处理单元包括用于收集和放大所述微音器产生的光声信号的锁相放大器以及用于将所述锁相放大器收集的信号进行处理并显示出来的检测软件。
进一步的，还包括采样泵以及两个流量计，所述采样泵设置在所述第一光声检测腔体与所述第二光声检测腔体间，用于抽气，两个所述流量计分别设置在所述第一光声检测腔体与所述采样泵间、所述第二光声检测腔体与所述采样泵间，用于控制气体流量。
一种基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测方法，包括基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，其步骤为：
S1、所述第一采样单元中：调节所述三通控制阀将所述第一光声检测腔体与所述本底CO采样气路连通，所述第二采样单元中：调节所述四通控制阀将所述第二光声检测腔体与所述本底干扰气体采样气路连通；
S2、启动所述采样泵，所述第一采样单元中：粉尘的本底CO经过所述第一过滤膜过滤颗粒粉尘，经所述三通控制阀进入所述第一光声检测腔体；所述第二采样单元中：粉尘从所述四通控制阀进入，经过所述第二过滤膜过滤颗粒粉尘，进入所述第二光声检测腔体，此时进入所述第一光声检测腔体的待测对象为粉尘的本底CO，进入所述第二光声检测腔体的待测对象为煤尘的本底干扰气体；
S3、启动所述信号调制器调制所述激光器发出激光，激光经过所述第一光声检测腔体和所述第二光声检测腔体，在所述第一光声检测腔体内：激光基于光声效应激发CO气体，产生声压波段，驱动设置在所述第一光声检测腔体上的所述微音器产生光声信号，光声信号再由所述锁相放大器采集放大后，在所述检测软件上显示本底CO的含量S CO本底；在所述第二光声检测腔体内：激光基于光声效应激发本底干扰气体，产生声压波段，驱动设置在所述第二光声检测腔体上的所述微音器产生光声信号，再由所述锁相放大器采集放大后，在所述检测软件显示本底干扰气体的含量S 本底干扰；
S4、在所述第一采样单元中：调节所述三通控制阀将所述第一光声检测腔体与所述总CO采样气路连通；在所述第二采样单元中：调节所述四通控制阀将所述第二光声检测腔体与所述游离呼吸性粉尘采样气路连通；
S5、所述第一采样单元中：粉尘经过所述反应组件，其中气态游离SiO的反应生成固态Si和气态CO，气态游离生成的气态CO同原本粉尘中的CO经所述三通控制阀进入第一光声检测腔体；所述第二采样单元中：粉尘经所述7um金属过滤膜进入所述第二光声检测腔体，此时进入所述第一光声检测腔体的待测对象为气态游离生成的气态CO与原本粉尘中的CO，进入所述第二光声检测腔体的待测对象为带有干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘；
S6、在第一光声检测腔体内：同S3原理，所述第一光声检测腔体上的所述微音器产生总CO的光声信号，再经由所述锁相放大器采集放大后在检测软件进行处理；在所述第一光声检测腔体内：同S3原理，所述第二光声检测腔体上的所述微音器产生游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号，再经由所述锁相放大器采集放大后在检测软件进行处理；
S7、检测软件内：将总CO的光声信号减去S3中得到的本底CO的光声信号，即得到气态游离SiO 2反应生成的CO的光声信号，再经过换算得到气态游离SiO反应生成的CO的含量S CO反应，再通过公式将S CO反应换算得到气态游离SiO的含量S SiO；将游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号减去本底干扰气体的光声信号，即得到除去干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号，再经过换算可得到除去干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘的含量S 呼吸性粉尘；
S8、调节所述四通控制阀将所述游离总粉尘采样气路与所述第二光声检测腔体直接连通，游离总粉尘经由四通控制阀进入第二光声腔体，此时待检测对象为带有干扰气体的游离总粉尘；
S9、通过光声效应得到该游离总粉尘的光声信号，再经由所述锁相放大器采集放大后在所述检测软件进行处理；
S10、在所述检测软件内：将游离总粉尘的光声信号减去S3得到的本底干扰气体的光声信号，即得到除去干扰气体的游离总粉尘的光声信号，再经过换算可得到除去干扰气体的游离总粉尘的含量S 总粉尘；
S11、在所述检测软件中，综合分析气态游离SiO 2含量S SiO2、游离呼吸性粉 尘含量S 呼吸性粉尘、游离总粉尘含量S 总粉尘，进行时间加权平均，并对规程要求实时匹配，实时报警显示。
本发明的有益效果体现在：
本发明基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统设置有第一采样单元、第一光声检测腔体、第二采样单元、第二光声检测腔体、信号单元以及处理单元；
第一采样单元可对粉尘中的本底CO和粉尘总CO进行分开采样，对粉尘中的本底CO采样后通过信号单元、第一光声检测腔体处理得到粉尘本底CO的光声信号；对粉尘总CO采样后通过信号单元、第一光声检测腔体处理得到粉尘总CO的光声信号，而粉尘总CO是包括气态游离SiO 2反应生成的CO以及粉尘本底CO，经由处理单元处理，将粉尘总CO的光声信号减去本底CO的光声信号可得到气态游离SiO 2反应生成的CO的光声信号，得到气态游离SiO 2反应生成的CO的含量，进过公式计算得出气态游离SiO 2的含量；
第二采样单元可对粉尘中的本底干扰气体、粉尘中的游离呼吸性粉尘以及游离总粉尘进行分开采样，对本底干扰气体采样后通过信号单元、第二光声检测腔体处理得到粉尘本底干扰气体的光声信号，对游离呼吸性粉尘采样后通过信号单元、第二光声检测腔体处理得到游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号，而进入检测的游离呼吸性粉尘是包含本底干扰气体的，故将得到的游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号减去本底干扰气体的光声信号得到除去干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号，再经由处理单元处理，得到粉尘中除去干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘的含量，对游离总粉尘进行采样后通过信号单元、第二光声检测腔体处理得到游离总粉尘的光声信号，而进入检测的游离总粉尘是包含本底干扰气体的，故将得到的游离总粉尘的光声信号减去本底干扰气体的光声信号得到除去干扰气体的游离总粉尘的光声信号，再经由处理单元处理，得到粉尘中除去干扰气体的游离总粉尘的含量；
又由于第一光声检测腔体和第二光声检测腔体两者连通，在两者之间同时抽气即可实现同时采样检测，同步进行研判，有效解决的了呼吸性粉尘和总粉 尘无法定量、实时、在线实时检测的难题，精度高、成本低。
附图说明
图1是本发明基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统结构示意图。
附图中各部件的标记为：1、第一采样单元；2、第一光声检测腔体；3、第二采样单元；4、第二光声检测腔体；5、信号单元；6、处理单元；7、第一过滤膜；8、本底CO采样气路；9、反应组件；10、总CO采样气路；11、三通控制阀；12、碳管；13、加热带；14、高温石英毡；15、高温石英纤维；16、耐高温保温棉；17、第二过滤膜；18、本底干扰气体采样气路；19、7um金属过滤膜；20、游离呼吸性粉尘采样气路；21、游离总粉尘采样气路；22、四通控制阀；23、激光器；24、信号调制器；25、反光镜；26、光声腔体；27、微音器；28、锁相放大器；29、检测软件；30、采样泵；31、流量计；32、温度探头。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，若本发明实施例中有涉及方向性指示诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……，则该方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态如附图所示下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，若本发明实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，全文中出现的“和/或”的含义，包括三个并列的方案，以“A和/或B”为例，包括A方案、或B方案、或A 和B同时满足的方案。另外，“多个”指两个以上。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
参见图1。
本发明基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，包括第一采样单元1、第一光声检测腔体2、第二采样单元3、第二光声检测腔体4、信号单元5以及处理单元6；
所述第一采样单元1用于对粉尘中的本底CO和粉尘总CO进行分开采样，所述第一光声检测腔体2与所述第一采样单元1相连通且为所述第一采样单元1采样的物质提供光声效应场所，所述第二采样单元3用于对粉尘中的本底干扰气体、粉尘中的游离呼吸性粉尘以及游离总粉尘进行分开采样，所述第二光声检测腔体4与所述第二采样单元3相连通且为所述第二采样单元3采样的物质提供光声效应场所，且所述第二光声检测腔体4与所述第一光声检测腔体2相连通，所述信号单元5用于为所述第一光声检测腔体2和所述第二光声检测腔体4提供激光信号，所述处理单元6用于将光声效应后的产生光声信号进行收集处理。
本发明基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统设置有第一采样单元1、第一光声检测腔体2、第二采样单元3、第二光声检测腔体4、信号单元5以及处理单元6；
第一采样单元1可对粉尘中的本底CO和粉尘总CO进行分开采样，对粉尘中的本底CO采样后通过信号单元5、第一光声检测腔体2处理得到粉尘本底CO的光声信号；对粉尘总CO采样后通过信号单元、第一光声检测腔体2处理得到粉尘总CO的光声信号，而粉尘总CO是包括气态游离SiO 2反应生成的CO以及粉尘本底CO，经由处理单元6处理，将粉尘总CO的光声信号减去本底CO的光声信号可得到气态游离SiO 2反应生成的CO的光声信号，得到气态游离SiO 2反应生 成的CO的含量，进过公式计算得出气态游离SiO 2的含量；
其中，气态游离SiO 2反应生成的CO通过公式：SiO 2+2C＝高温＝Si+2CO计算可得，高温范围在200-500℃之间；
第二采样单元3可对粉尘中的本底干扰气体、粉尘中的游离呼吸性粉尘以及游离总粉尘进行分开采样，对本底干扰气体采样后通过信号单元5、第二光声检测腔体4处理得到粉尘本底干扰气体的光声信号，对游离呼吸性粉尘采样后通过信号单元5、第二光声检测腔体4处理得到游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号，而进入检测的游离呼吸性粉尘是包含本底干扰气体的，经由处理单元6处理，将得到的游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号减去本底干扰气体的光声信号得到除去干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号，得到粉尘中除去干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘的含量，对游离总粉尘进行采样后通过信号单元5、第二光声检测腔体4处理得到游离总粉尘的光声信号，而进入检测的游离总粉尘是包含本底干扰气体的，经由处理单元6处理，将得到的游离总粉尘的光声信号减去本底干扰气体的光声信号得到除去干扰气体的游离总粉尘的光声信号，得到粉尘中除去干扰气体的游离总粉尘的含量；
又由于第一光声检测腔体2和第二光声检测腔体4两者连通，在两者之间同时抽气即可实现同时采样检测，同步进行研判，有效解决的了呼吸性粉尘和总粉尘无法定量、实时、在线实时检测的难题，精度高、成本低。
在一实施例中，所述第一采样单元1包括设置有第一过滤膜7的本底CO采样气路8、设置有可将粉尘中气态游离SiO 2反应生成固态Si和气态CO的反应组件9的总CO采样气路10以及三通控制阀11，所述本底CO采样气路8、所述总CO采样气路10以及所述第一光声检测腔体2的一端分别与所述三通控制阀11的三个端口相连通，所述本底CO采样气路8以及所述总CO采样气路10的另一端分别用于采样，所述第一光声检测腔体2的另一端与所述第二光声检测腔体4连通。这样设计，通过三通控制阀11控制本底CO采样气路8和总CO采样气路10分别与第一光声检测腔体2连通，实现本底CO采样气路8和总CO采样气路 10分开采集，进而得到两组数据便于处理。
在一实施例中，所述反应组件9包括碳管12以及依次包裹在所述碳管12的外层的对所述碳管12进行加热的加热带13、高温石英毡14、高温石英纤维15以及耐高温保温棉16，所述碳管12的一端为采样口、另一端与所述总CO采样气路10相连通。这样设计，使得粉尘在经过反应组件9时，通过高温和碳管12作用，实现将粉尘中还包含的气态游离SiO 2反应生成固态Si和气态COSiO 2+2C＝高温＝Si+2CO，其中，高温范围设置在在200-500℃之间，且本实施例中的反应组件9还包括用于控制温度的内部温度探头32，方便控制反应组件9内的温度控制。
在一实施例中，所述第二采样单元3包括设置有第二过滤膜17的本底干扰气体采样气路18、设置有7um金属过滤膜19的游离呼吸性粉尘采样气路20、游离总粉尘采样气路21以及四通控制阀22，所述本底干扰气体采样气路18、所述游离呼吸性粉尘采样气路20以及所述游离总粉尘采样气路21的一端分别与所述四通控制阀22的三个端口相连通、另一端分别与所述第二光声检测腔体4相连通。这样设计，通过四通控制阀22控制本底干扰气体采样气路18、游离呼吸性粉尘采样气路20、游离总粉尘采样气路21分别与第二光声检测腔体4连通，实现三条气路的分开采集，进而得到三组数据便于处理。
在一实施例中，所述信号单元5包括激光器23、用于调制所述激光器23输出方波调制信号，发出近红外激光的信号调制器24以及用于将得到的激光既可经过所述第一光声检测腔体2也可经过所述第二光声检测腔体4的反光镜25。在本实施例中，第一光声检测腔体2与第二光声检测腔体4呈平行设置，反光镜25设置有两个，激光器23设置在第一光声检测腔体2的一侧，一个反光镜25设置在第一光声检测腔体2的另一侧，另一侧反光镜25设置在第一个反光镜25的下方、第二光声检测腔体4的一侧，激光器23的激光可经过第一光声检测腔体2、两个反光镜25的反射进入第二光声检测腔体4，这样设计，实现第一光声检测腔体2和第二光声检测腔体4的内部可同时产生光声效应，进行同步检测，且在本实施例中，第一光声检测腔体2的检测对象为CO气体，使用激光 器23经调制得到的波段为2.3μm中红外激光进行检测，选取4300.699cm-1处的CO吸收截面作为传感目标，得出光声效应数据，而第二光声检测腔体内的检测对象为粉尘，不具有吸收截面，可采用任意波段的近红外激光产生光声效应。
在一实施例中，所述第一光声检测腔体2和所述第二光声检测腔体4均包括光声腔体26以及设置在所述光声腔体26的中间部分的用于产生光声信号的微音器27，且所述光声腔体26的两端均采用密封o圈和石英窗片密封；
所述处理单元6包括用于收集和放大所述微音器27产生的光声信号的锁相放大器28以及用于将所述锁相放大器28收集的信号进行处理并显示出来的检测软件29。在本实施例中，光声腔体26的中部为反应区，两端为缓冲区，激光通过两端的石英窗片进入反应区，在第一光声检测腔体2内，激光基于光声效应激发CO气体，产生声压波段，驱动设置在腔体中部的微音器27产生的光声信号，在第一光声检测腔体2内，同理，微音器27产生的光声信号，锁相放大器28将两个微音器27产生的光声信号进行放大和收集后通过检测软件29呈现，其中，锁相放大器28事先通过信号调制器24设置成可收集两个微音器27产生的光声信号的状态。
在一实施例中，还包括采样泵30以及两个流量计31，所述采样泵30设置在所述第一光声检测腔体2与所述第二光声检测腔体4间，用于抽气，两个所述流量计31分别设置在所述第一光声检测腔体2与所述采样泵30间、所述第二光声检测腔体4与所述采样泵30间，用于控制气体流量。这样设计，通过采样泵30可实现抽气时，第一采样单元1和第二采样单元3可同时进行采集，且具体采集对象，分别由三通控制阀11和四通控制阀22进行控制。
一种基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测方法，包括基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，其步骤为：
S1、所述第一采样单元1中：调节所述三通控制阀11将所述第一光声检测腔体2与所述本底CO采样气路8连通，所述第二采样单元3中：调节所述四通 控制阀22将所述第二光声检测腔体4与所述本底干扰气体采样气路18连通；
S2、启动所述采样泵30，所述第一采样单元1中：粉尘的本底CO经过所述第一过滤膜7过滤颗粒粉尘，经所述三通控制阀11进入所述第一光声检测腔体2；所述第二采样单元3中：粉尘从所述四通控制阀22进入，经过所述第二过滤膜17过滤颗粒粉尘，进入所述第二光声检测腔体4，此时进入所述第一光声检测腔体2的待测对象为粉尘的本底CO，进入所述第二光声检测腔体4的待测对象为煤尘的本底干扰气体；
S3、启动所述信号调制器24调制所述激光器23发出激光，激光经过所述第一光声检测腔体2和所述第二光声检测腔体4，在所述第一光声检测腔体2内：激光基于光声效应激发CO气体，产生声压波段，驱动设置在所述第一光声检测腔体2上的所述微音器27产生光声信号，光声信号再由所述锁相放大器28采集放大后，在所述检测软件29上显示本底CO的含量S CO本底；在所述第二光声检测腔体4内：激光基于光声效应激发本底干扰气体，产生声压波段，驱动设置在所述第二光声检测腔体4上的所述微音器27产生光声信号，再由所述锁相放大器28采集放大后，在所述检测软件29显示本底干扰气体的含量S 本底干扰；
S4、在所述第一采样单元1中：调节所述三通控制阀11将所述第一光声检测腔体2与所述总CO采样气路10连通；在所述第二采样单元3中：调节所述四通控制阀22将所述第二光声检测腔体4与所述游离呼吸性粉尘采样气路20连通；
S5、所述第一采样单元1中：粉尘经过所述反应组件9，其中气态游离SiO 2的反应生成固态Si和气态CO，气态游离生成的气态CO同原本粉尘中的CO经所述三通控制阀11进入第一光声检测腔体2；所述第二采样单元3中：粉尘经所述7um金属过滤膜19进入所述第二光声检测腔体4，此时进入所述第一光声检测腔体2的待测对象为气态游离生成的气态CO与原本粉尘中的CO，进入所述第二光声检测腔体4的待测对象为带有干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘；
S6、在第一光声检测腔体2内：同S3原理，所述第一光声检测腔体2上的 所述微音器27产生总CO的光声信号，再经由所述锁相放大器28采集放大后在检测软件29进行处理；在所述第一光声检测腔体2内：同S3原理，所述第二光声检测腔体4上的所述微音器27产生游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号，再经由所述锁相放大器28采集放大后在检测软件29进行处理；
S7、检测软件29内：将总CO的光声信号减去S3中得到的本底CO的光声信号，即得到气态游离SiO 2反应生成的CO的光声信号，再经过换算得到气态游离SiO 2反应生成的CO的含量S CO反应，再通过公式将S CO反应换算得到气态游离SiO 2的含量S SiO2；将游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号减去本底干扰气体的光声信号，即得到除去干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号，再经过换算可得到除去干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘的含量S 呼吸性粉尘；此步骤设置到的公式任为SiO 2+2C＝高温＝Si+2CO计算可得，高温范围在200-500℃之间；
S8、调节所述四通控制阀22将所述游离总粉尘采样气路21与所述第二光声检测腔体4直接连通，游离总粉尘经由四通控制阀(22)进入第二光声腔体26，此时待检测对象为带有干扰气体的游离总粉尘；
S9、通过光声效应得到该游离总粉尘的光声信号，再经由所述锁相放大器28采集放大后在所述检测软件29进行处理；
S10、在所述检测软件29内：将游离总粉尘的光声信号减去S3得到的本底干扰气体的光声信号，即得到除去干扰气体的游离总粉尘的光声信号，再经过换算可得到游离总粉尘的含量S 总粉尘；
S11、在所述检测软件29中，综合分析气态游离SiO 2含量S SiO2、游离呼吸性粉尘含量S 呼吸性粉尘、游离总粉尘含量S 总粉尘，进行时间加权平均，并对规程要求实时匹配，实时报警显示。
应当理解本文所述的例子和实施方式仅为了说明，并不用于限制本发明，本领域技术人员可根据它做出各种修改或变化，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，其特征在于，包括第一采样单元(1)、第一光声检测腔体(2)、第二采样单元(3)、第二光声检测腔体(4)、信号单元(5)以及处理单元(6)；
    所述第一采样单元(1)用于对粉尘中的本底CO和粉尘总CO进行分开采样，所述第一光声检测腔体(2)与所述第一采样单元(1)相连通且为所述第一采样单元(1)采样的物质提供光声效应场所，所述第二采样单元(3)用于对粉尘中的本底干扰气体、粉尘中的游离呼吸性粉尘以及游离总粉尘进行分开采样，所述第二光声检测腔体(4)与所述第二采样单元(3)相连通且为所述第二采样单元(3)采样的物质提供光声效应场所，且所述第二光声检测腔体(4)与所述第一光声检测腔体(2)相连通，所述信号单元(5)用于为所述第一光声检测腔体(2)和所述第二光声检测腔体(4)提供激光信号，所述处理单元(6)用于将光声效应后的产生光声信号进行收集处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，其特征在于，所述第一采样单元(1)包括设置有第一过滤膜(7)的本底CO采样气路(8)、设置有可将粉尘中气态游离SiO 2反应生成固态Si和气态CO的反应组件(9)的总CO采样气路(10)以及三通控制阀(11)，所述本底CO采样气路(8)、所述总CO采样气路(10)以及所述第一光声检测腔体(2)的一端分别与所述三通控制阀(11)的三个端口相连通，所述本底CO采样气路(8)以及所述总CO采样气路(10)的另一端分别用于采样，所述第一光声检测腔体(2)的另一端与所述第二光声检测腔体(4)连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，其特征在于，所述反应组件(9)包括碳管(12)以及依次包裹在所述碳管(12)的外层的对所述碳管(12)进行加热的加热带(13)、高温石英毡(14)、高温石英纤维(15)以及耐高温保温棉(16)，所述碳管(12)的一端为采样口、另一端与所述总CO采样气路(10)相连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，其特 征在于，所述第二采样单元(3)包括设置有第二过滤膜(17)的本底干扰气体采样气路(18)、设置有7um金属过滤膜(19)的游离呼吸性粉尘采样气路(20)、游离总粉尘采样气路(21)以及四通控制阀(22)，所述本底干扰气体采样气路(18)、所述游离呼吸性粉尘采样气路(20)以及所述游离总粉尘采样气路(21)的一端分别与所述四通控制阀(22)的三个端口相连通、另一端分别与所述第二光声检测腔体(4)相连通。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，其特征在于，所述信号单元(5)包括激光器(23)、用于调制所述激光器(23)输出方波调制信号，发出近红外激光的信号调制器(24)以及用于将得到的激光既可经过所述第一光声检测腔体(2)也可经过所述第二光声检测腔体(4)的反光镜(25)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，其特征在于，所述第一光声检测腔体(2)和所述第二光声检测腔体(4)均包括光声腔体(26)以及设置在所述光声腔体(26)的中间部分的用于产生光声信号的微音器(27)，且所述光声腔体(26)的两端均采用密封o圈和石英窗片密封；
    所述处理单元(6)包括用于收集和放大所述微音器(27)产生的光声信号的锁相放大器(28)以及用于将所述锁相放大器(28)得到的信号进行处理并显示出来的检测软件(29)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，其特征在于，还包括采样泵(30)以及两个流量计(31)，所述采样泵(30)设置在所述第一光声检测腔体(2)与所述第二光声检测腔体(4)间，用于抽气，两个所述流量计(31)分别设置在所述第一光声检测腔体(2)与所述采样泵(30)间、所述第二光声检测腔体(4)与所述采样泵(30)间，用于控制气体流量。
  8. 一种基于双光声光谱的矿井呼吸性粉尘实时检测方法，包括如权利要求1至7中所述的基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统，其步骤为：
    S1、所述第一采样单元(1)中：调节所述三通控制阀(11)将所述第一光声检测腔体(2)与所述本底CO采样气路(8)连通，所述第二采样单元(3) 中：调节所述四通控制阀(22)将所述第二光声检测腔体(4)与所述本底干扰气体采样气路(18)连通；
    S2、启动所述采样泵(30)，所述第一采样单元(1)中：粉尘的本底CO经过所述第一过滤膜(7)过滤颗粒粉尘，经所述三通控制阀(11)进入所述第一光声检测腔体(2)；所述第二采样单元(3)中：粉尘从所述四通控制阀(22)进入，经过所述第二过滤膜(17)过滤颗粒粉尘，进入所述第二光声检测腔体(4)，此时进入所述第一光声检测腔体(2)的待测对象为粉尘的本底CO，进入所述第二光声检测腔体(4)的待测对象为煤尘的本底干扰气体；
    S3、启动所述信号调制器(24)调制所述激光器(23)发出激光，激光经过所述第一光声检测腔体(2)和所述第二光声检测腔体(4)，在所述第一光声检测腔体(2)内：激光基于光声效应激发CO气体，产生声压波段，驱动设置在所述第一光声检测腔体(2)上的所述微音器(27)产生光声信号，光声信号再由所述锁相放大器(28)采集放大后，在所述检测软件(29)上显示本底CO的含量S CO本底；在所述第二光声检测腔体(4)内：激光基于光声效应激发本底干扰气体，产生声压波段，驱动设置在所述第二光声检测腔体(4)上的所述微音器(27)产生光声信号，再由所述锁相放大器(28)采集放大后，在所述检测软件(29)显示本底干扰气体的含量S 本底干扰；
    S4、在所述第一采样单元(1)中：调节所述三通控制阀(11)将所述第一光声检测腔体(2)与所述总CO采样气路(10)连通；在所述第二采样单元(3)中：调节所述四通控制阀(22)将所述第二光声检测腔体(4)与所述游离呼吸性粉尘采样气路(20)连通；
    S5、所述第一采样单元(1)中：粉尘经过所述反应组件(9)，其中气态游离SiO 2的反应生成固态Si和气态CO，气态游离生成的气态CO同原本粉尘中的CO经所述三通控制阀(11)进入第一光声检测腔体(2)；所述第二采样单元(3)中：粉尘经所述7um金属过滤膜(19)进入所述第二光声检测腔体(4)，此时进入所述第一光声检测腔体(2)的待测对象为气态游离生成的气态CO与原本粉尘中的CO，进入所述第二光声检测腔体(4)的待测对象为带有干扰气体的游 离呼吸性粉尘；
    S6、在第一光声检测腔体(2)内：同S3原理，所述第一光声检测腔体(2)上的所述微音器(27)产生总CO的光声信号，再经由所述锁相放大器(28)采集放大后在检测软件(29)进行处理；在所述第一光声检测腔体(2)内：同S3原理，所述第二光声检测腔体(4)上的所述微音器(27)产生游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号，再经由所述锁相放大器(28)采集放大后在检测软件(29)进行处理；
    S7、检测软件(29)内：将总CO的光声信号减去S3中得到的本底CO的光声信号，即得到气态游离SiO 2反应生成的CO的光声信号，再经过换算得到气态游离SiO 2反应生成的CO的含量S CO反应，再通过公式将S CO反应换算得到气态游离SiO 2的含量S SiO2；将游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号减去本底干扰气体的光声信号，即得到除去干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘的光声信号，再经过换算可得到除去干扰气体的游离呼吸性粉尘的含量S 呼吸性粉尘；
    S8、调节所述四通控制阀(22)将所述游离总粉尘采样气路(21)与所述第二光声检测腔体(4)直接连通，游离总粉尘经由四通控制阀(22)进入第二光声腔体(26)，此时待检测对象为带有干扰气体的游离总粉尘；
    S9、通过光声效应得到该游离总粉尘的光声信号，再经由所述锁相放大器(28)采集放大后在所述检测软件(29)进行处理；
    S10、在所述检测软件(29)内：将游离总粉尘的光声信号减去S3得到的本底干扰气体的光声信号，即得到除去干扰气体的游离总粉尘的光声信号，再经过换算可得到除去干扰气体的游离总粉尘的含量S 总粉尘；
    S11、在所述检测软件(29)中，综合分析气态游离SiO 2含量S SiO2、游离呼吸性粉尘含量S 呼吸性粉尘、游离总粉尘含量S 总粉尘，进行时间加权平均，并对规程要求实时匹配，实时报警显示。
PCT/CN2022/087376 2022-03-29 2022-04-18 一种基于双光声光谱的矿井粉尘实时检测系统及检测方法 WO2023184610A1 (zh)

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