WO2023181402A1 - 冷凍回路及びそれを備える冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents

冷凍回路及びそれを備える冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023181402A1
WO2023181402A1 PCT/JP2022/014637 JP2022014637W WO2023181402A1 WO 2023181402 A1 WO2023181402 A1 WO 2023181402A1 JP 2022014637 W JP2022014637 W JP 2022014637W WO 2023181402 A1 WO2023181402 A1 WO 2023181402A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
mass
hfo
propane
content
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2022/014637
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
拓也 松田
英明 前山
雄亮 田代
健太 村田
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Priority to JP2024509702A priority Critical patent/JPWO2023181402A1/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2022/014637 priority patent/WO2023181402A1/ja
Priority to US18/847,964 priority patent/US20250043167A1/en
Priority to DE112022006898.1T priority patent/DE112022006898T5/de
Publication of WO2023181402A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023181402A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/002—Lubrication
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/24—Only one single fluoro component present
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/16—Lubrication

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a refrigeration circuit and a refrigeration cycle device including the same.
  • HFO-1123 is prone to disproportionation reactions under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123, increase the COP (Coefficient Of Performance) of the refrigeration cycle equipment, and reduce the displaced volume of the compressor. There is a need for technology that can do this.
  • the present disclosure provides a technology that can suppress the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123, increase the COP of a refrigeration cycle device, and reduce the displacement volume of a compressor. With the goal.
  • the refrigeration circuit according to the present disclosure includes: A refrigeration circuit including a compressor, A refrigerant is sealed in the refrigeration circuit, The refrigerant includes 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and propane, The mass-based content C1 of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene in the refrigerant is 70% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less, The mass-based content C2 of propane in the refrigerant is 15% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
  • a refrigeration cycle device is a refrigeration cycle device including the above-mentioned refrigeration circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a refrigeration cycle device according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a compressor according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of propane (R290) or difluoromethane (R32) and the generation temperature during the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123. It is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) and the temperature gradient. It is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) and the saturated gas density. It is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) and the theoretical COP.
  • refrigerating machine oil for example, PVE oil
  • the refrigeration cycle device of this embodiment includes a refrigeration circuit including a compressor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a refrigeration cycle device according to a first embodiment.
  • the refrigeration cycle device 100 can include a refrigeration circuit 5 including a compressor 1 , a condenser 2 , an expansion valve 3 , and an evaporator 4 .
  • the compressor 1 and the condenser 2 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 5a
  • the condenser 2 and the expansion valve 3 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 5b
  • the expansion valve 3 and the evaporator 4 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 5c
  • the evaporator 4 and the compressor 1 are connected through a refrigerant pipe 5d.
  • a refrigerant is sealed in the refrigeration circuit 5.
  • the refrigerant circulates through the compressor 1, the refrigerant pipe 5a, the condenser 2, the refrigerant pipe 5b, the expansion valve 3, the refrigerant pipe 5c, the evaporator 4, the refrigerant pipe 5d, and the compressor 1 in this order.
  • the compressor 1 takes in refrigerant, compresses it, turns the refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas state, and discharges it.
  • the rotation speed of the compressor 1 is controlled by, for example, an inverter circuit.
  • the amount of refrigerant discharged is adjusted by controlling the rotation speed.
  • the condenser 2 performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat source to cool the refrigerant to a low-temperature, high-pressure liquid state.
  • the heat source include air, water, brine, and the like.
  • the heat source of the condenser 2 is outdoor air.
  • the condenser 2 exchanges heat between the outside air and the refrigerant.
  • a condenser blower 6 is provided for blowing outside air to the condenser 2.
  • the air volume of the condenser blower 6 can be adjusted.
  • the expansion valve 3 depressurizes and expands the refrigerant to a low temperature, low pressure liquid state.
  • the expansion valve 3 includes, for example, a refrigerant flow rate control means such as an electronic expansion valve or a temperature-sensitive expansion valve, a capillary tube, and the like.
  • Heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant and the object to be cooled, and the heat of the object to be cooled is absorbed by the refrigerant, thereby cooling the object to be cooled.
  • the refrigerant evaporates and becomes a high-temperature, low-pressure gas.
  • the object to be cooled is indoor air, and the evaporator 4 exchanges heat between the indoor air and the refrigerant.
  • an evaporator blower 7 is provided to blow indoor air to the evaporator 4. The air volume of the evaporator blower 7 can be adjusted.
  • the compressor 1 sucks the refrigerant that has become a high-temperature, low-pressure gas in the evaporator 4 and compresses it again. Thereby, the refrigerant circulates within the refrigeration cycle device 100.
  • the refrigeration cycle device 100 can include a control device 17.
  • the control device 17 is, for example, a microcomputer. Although FIG. 1 only shows the connection between the control device 17 and the compressor 1, the control device 17 is connected not only to the compressor 1 but also to each of the condenser 2, expansion valve 3, and evaporator 4. .
  • the control device 17 sets the pressure and/or temperature of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle device 100 to conditions that prevent the disproportionation reaction of the refrigerant (HFO-1123) from occurring or suppress the chain reaction of the disproportionation reaction. Control. For example, by controlling the pressure of the refrigerant in the flow path from the compressor 1 to the expansion valve 3 (i.e., the high pressure side) so that it does not exceed a certain pressure, one part of the refrigeration cycle device 100 such as the compressor 1 can be Even if a disproportionation reaction occurs in some parts, its diffusion can be prevented.
  • the temperature and/or pressure conditions under which the disproportionation reaction of the refrigerant does not occur or the propagation of the disproportionation reaction can be suppressed can be appropriately set depending on the components of the refrigerant.
  • the refrigeration cycle device 100 may be, for example, a device capable of both cooling and heating, a device capable of only cooling, or a device capable of only heating, and is applicable to various refrigeration and air conditioning devices. It is.
  • a refrigerant is sealed within the refrigeration circuit.
  • the refrigerant includes 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and propane.
  • the mass-based content C1 (hereinafter also referred to as "HFO-1123 content C1") of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in the refrigerant is 70% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less.
  • the mass-based content C2 of propane (R290) in the refrigerant (hereinafter also referred to as "propane content C2”) is 15% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
  • HFO-1123 has a low GWP of less than 1, has a high operating pressure, and has a small volumetric flow rate of refrigerant, so it can have small pressure loss and excellent cycle performance.
  • the mass-based content C1 of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in the refrigerant is 70% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less.
  • the refrigerant has a low GWP, and a refrigeration cycle device including a refrigeration circuit sealed with the refrigerant can have a high COP and excellent cycle performance.
  • the lower limit of the mass-based content C1 of HFO-1123 in the refrigerant is 70% by mass or more, preferably 75% by mass or more, and more preferably 78% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit of the content C1 of HFO-1123 in the refrigerant is 85% by mass or less, preferably 83% by mass or less, and more preferably 82% by mass or less.
  • the content C1 of HFO-1123 in the refrigerant is 70% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less, preferably 75% by mass or more and 83% by mass or less, and more preferably 78% by mass or more and 82% by mass or less.
  • the mass-based content C1 of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene in the refrigerant sealed in the refrigeration circuit is the 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene content C1 in the refrigerant before operation of the refrigeration cycle device including the refrigeration circuit.
  • the content C1 of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene is considered to be the same as the mass-based content of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene in the refrigerant before being sealed in the refrigeration circuit. . That is, the mass-based content of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene in the refrigerant in the refrigerant cylinder filled with the refrigerant sealed in the refrigeration circuit is 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene in the refrigerant sealed in the refrigeration circuit. , 1,2-trifluoroethylene on a mass basis C1.
  • the mass-based content C2 of propane in the refrigerant (hereinafter also referred to as "propane content C2”) is also the same as above.
  • suppression of the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123 means suppression of propagation of the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123.
  • the lower limit of the mass-based content C2 of propane in the refrigerant is 15% by mass or more, preferably 17% by mass or more, and more preferably 18% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit of the propane content C2 in the refrigerant is 30% by mass or less, preferably 25% by mass or less, and more preferably 22% by mass or less.
  • the content C2 of propane in the refrigerant is 15% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, preferably 17% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less, and more preferably 18% by mass or more and 22% by mass or less.
  • the percentage of the mass-based content C2 of propane to the mass-based content C1 of HFO-1123 in the refrigerant (C2/C1) ⁇ 100 is preferably 15% or more and less than 50%. Propane, even in small amounts, has an excellent effect of suppressing the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123. Therefore, if the percentage (C2/C1) ⁇ 100 is 15% or more, an excellent effect of suppressing the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123 can be obtained. Furthermore, if the percentage (C2/C1) ⁇ 100 is less than 50%, the content of HFO-1123 in the refrigerant can be increased. Therefore, the refrigerant has a low GWP, and a refrigeration cycle device including a refrigerating circuit in which the refrigerant is sealed can have excellent cycle performance.
  • JP 2018-112396A discloses a technique of mixing R32 (difluoromethane) with HFO-1123 in order to suppress the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123.
  • R32 difluoromethane
  • HFO-1123 is 40% and R32 is 60%, and the ratio of R32 exceeds the ratio of HFO-1123. Therefore, the characteristics of HFO-1123, such as low GWP, high operating pressure, and low volumetric flow rate of refrigerant, resulting in low pressure loss and easy to ensure performance are greatly impaired.
  • the percentage of propane to HFO-1123 (C2/C1) ⁇ 100 of this embodiment is smaller than the percentage of R32 to HFO-1123 in the above patent document, it is excellent in suppressing the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123. effect can be obtained.
  • the ratio of propane in the refrigerant can be reduced and the ratio of HFO-1123 can be increased, pressure loss is reduced due to the low GWP and high operating pressure of HFO-1123 and the small volumetric flow rate of the refrigerant. It is possible to obtain the characteristics of being small and making it easy to ensure performance.
  • the above percentage (C2/C1) ⁇ 100 is preferably 15% or more and less than 50%, more preferably 17% or more and 43% or less, and even more preferably 21% or more and 28% or less.
  • Figure 3 shows the mixing ratio of propane (R290) or difluoromethane (R32) when HFO-1123 is mixed with propane (R290) or difluoromethane (R32), and the generation during the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123. It is a graph showing the relationship with temperature. Difluoromethane (R32) is a refrigerant that has been considered for mixing with HFO-1123. In this graph, "R32 or R290 mixing ratio [mass %]" on the horizontal axis indicates the mixing ratio of R32 or R290 when the mass of HFO-1123 is taken as 100%. For example, a mixing ratio of R290 of 15% means that 15% by mass of R290 is mixed with 100% by mass of HFO-1123.
  • the "generation temperature [K] during HFO-1123 disproportionation reaction” on the vertical axis refers to the temperature generated during the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123 at the R32 or R290 mixing ratio shown on the horizontal axis. Indicates temperature [K].
  • “Temperature [K] generated during HFO-1123 disproportionation reaction” is the temperature at a pressure of 6 MPa. The lower the temperature at which HFO-1123 occurs during the disproportionation reaction, the more easily the propagation of the disproportionation reaction is suppressed.
  • propane (R290) can be used in a smaller amount than difluoromethane (R32) to obtain the effect of suppressing the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123. Therefore, a refrigerant using R290 to suppress the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123 can maintain the excellent performance of HFO-1123, has a low GWF, and is equipped with a refrigeration circuit in which the refrigerant is sealed. The refrigeration cycle device also has good cycle performance.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 The conditions of the basic refrigerant characteristics shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 are aggregation temperature of 45° C., evaporation temperature of 10° C., degree of supercooling at the condenser outlet of 5 K, and degree of superheating at the outlet of the evaporator of 0 K.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) and the temperature gradient.
  • R290 content [%] on the horizontal axis indicates the content of R290 in the refrigerant, assuming that the entire refrigerant consisting of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) is 100% by mass.
  • temperature gradient temperature [K] on the vertical axis indicates the temperature gradient temperature [K] of the refrigerant at the R290 content rate shown on the horizontal axis.
  • the temperature gradient temperature reaches its maximum when the R290 content in the refrigerant is 50%. That is, the closer the R290 content in the refrigerant is to 50%, the more likely a temperature difference will occur in the heat exchanger (condenser, evaporator), and heat exchange loss will occur.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) and the saturated gas density.
  • R290 content [%] on the horizontal axis indicates the content of R290 in the refrigerant, assuming that the entire refrigerant consisting of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) is 100% by mass.
  • the "saturated gas density ratio [%]" on the vertical axis is when the saturated gas density of a refrigerant in which the R290 content is 0%, that is, the HFO-1123 content is 100% by mass, is 100%. shows the percentage of the saturated gas density of the refrigerant at the content rate of R290 shown on the horizontal axis.
  • R290 is a lower pressure refrigerant than HFO-1123. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the higher the R290 content in the refrigerant, the lower the saturated gas density.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) and the theoretical COP.
  • R290 content [%] indicates the content of R290 in the refrigerant, assuming that the entire refrigerant consisting of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) is 100% by mass.
  • the "theoretical COP ratio [%]" on the vertical axis is when the theoretical COP of a refrigerant in which the R290 content is 0%, that is, the HFO-1123 content is 100% by mass, is 100%.
  • the horizontal axis shows the percentage of the theoretical COP of the refrigerant with the R290 content.
  • R290 has a higher theoretical COP than HFO-1123. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the higher the R290 content in the refrigerant, the higher the theoretical COP.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) and pressure loss.
  • R290 content [%] on the horizontal axis indicates the content of R290 in the refrigerant, assuming that the entire refrigerant consisting of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) is 100% by mass.
  • the "pressure loss ratio [%]” on the vertical axis is the content rate of R290 shown on the horizontal axis when the pressure loss of a refrigerant with a HFO-1123 content of 100% by mass is taken as 100%. It shows the percentage of pressure loss of the refrigerant.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) and the displacement volume of the compressor.
  • R290 content [%] on the horizontal axis indicates the content of R290 in the refrigerant, assuming that the entire refrigerant consisting of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) is 100% by mass.
  • the "rejected volume ratio [%]” on the vertical axis represents the displaced volume of the compressor when using a refrigerant with an R290 content of 0%, that is, an HFO-1123 content of 100% by mass.
  • the figure shows the percentage of the displaced volume of the compressor when a refrigerant having the R290 content shown on the horizontal axis is used, assuming 100%.
  • the cooling rated capacity Q[W] of the refrigeration cycle device is calculated using the following formula (I).
  • Q Gr ⁇ H (I)
  • Gr is the refrigerant circulation amount [kg/s]
  • ⁇ H is the specific enthalpy difference (latent heat) [kJ/kg] between the evaporator outlet side and the inlet side.
  • Gr Vst ⁇ v ⁇ f ⁇ s (II)
  • Vst is the stroke volume [cc] of the compressor
  • ⁇ v is the volumetric efficiency [-]
  • f is the frequency [1/f] of the compressor
  • ⁇ s is the suction density [kg/m 3 ] of the compressor.
  • Vst ⁇ f The displacement volume of the compressor is defined as Vst ⁇ f.
  • the excluded volume is represented by the following formula (III).
  • Vst ⁇ f Q/( ⁇ H ⁇ v ⁇ s) (III)
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) and COP.
  • R290 content [%] on the horizontal axis indicates the content of R290 in the refrigerant, assuming that the entire refrigerant consisting of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) is 100% by mass.
  • the "COP ratio [%]” on the vertical axis indicates that the COP of a refrigeration cycle device using a refrigerant with an R290 content of 0%, that is, an HFO-1123 content of 100% by mass, is 100%.
  • the percentage of COP of the refrigeration cycle device using the refrigerant with the R290 content shown on the horizontal axis is shown.
  • the percentage of COP shows a first peak when the R290 content in the refrigerant is 15-30%, then decreases, and gradually increases when the R290 content exceeds about 50%.
  • the R290 content is maximum at 100%.
  • the mass-based content C1 of HFO-1123 (1,1,2-trifluoroethylene) in the refrigerant is 70% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less
  • the content of R290 (propane) in the refrigerant is It has been confirmed that a refrigeration cycle device equipped with a refrigeration circuit sealed with a refrigerant with a mass-based content C2 of 15% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less has a high COP and a small displaced volume of the compressor. Ru.
  • the mass-based content C1 of HFO-1123 (1,1,2-trifluoroethylene) is 70% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less, and the mass-based content C2 of R290 (propane) in the refrigerant is 15% by mass. % or more and 30% by mass or less is a refrigerant in which the mixing ratio of propane to HFO-1123 is 15% or more. Therefore, a refrigeration cycle device including a refrigeration circuit sealed with the refrigerant has a high effect of suppressing the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123.
  • the refrigerant preferably consists of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and propane.
  • the refrigerant can contain impurities in addition to 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and propane as long as it exhibits the effects of the present disclosure. That is, in this embodiment, the refrigerant can include 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, propane, and impurities.
  • the mass-based content C1 of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene in the refrigerant and the mass-based content C1 of propane in the refrigerant can be set to, for example, the following (a1) to (a3).
  • the 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene content C1 is 70% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less, and the propane content C2 is 15% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
  • the 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene content C1 is 75% by mass or more and 83% by mass or less, and the propane content C2 is 17% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less.
  • the 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene content C1 is 78% by mass or more and 82% by mass or less, and the propane content C2 is 18% by mass or more and 22% by mass or less.
  • ⁇ Compressor ⁇ A compressor of a refrigeration cycle device according to Embodiment 1 will be described.
  • any type of compressor can be used as the compressor 1 as long as it is a high-pressure shell type in which the inside of the container has a discharge pressure atmosphere (that is, a state of high pressure comparable to the discharge pressure of the refrigerant). can do.
  • a single cylinder rotary compressor, a multi-cylinder rotary compressor, or a scroll compressor can be used.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the compressor 1 according to the first embodiment.
  • the compressor 1 includes a closed container 20, a compression element 30, an electric element 40, and a shaft 50.
  • the airtight container 20 hermetically stores the compression element 30 and the electric element 40 therein.
  • a suction pipe 21 for sucking refrigerant and a discharge pipe 22 for discharging the refrigerant are attached to the closed container 20.
  • the sealed container 20 has a structure in which it is divided into two parts, an upper container 20a and a lower container 20b, which are hermetically joined by a method such as arc welding.
  • the sealed container has a pressure resistance of 20 MPa (G) or more, and even if a chain reaction of disproportionation reaction occurs inside and the pressure rises, it will not burst and remain safe against a certain amount of pressure. can.
  • the compression element 30 is housed in the closed container 20. Specifically, the compression element 30 is installed at the inner lower part of the closed container 20. The compression element 30 compresses the refrigerant sucked into the suction pipe 21. Note that the position of the compression element 30 does not necessarily have to be at the bottom, and especially in the case of a scroll compressor, it is often housed at the top.
  • the electric element 40 is housed in the closed container 20.
  • the electric element 40 is installed at the bottom or top of the closed container 20, although this varies depending on the form of the compressor.
  • the refrigerant compressed by the compression element 30 is discharged from the discharge pipe 22 after passing through the flow path around the electric element.
  • Electric element 40 drives compression element 30 .
  • the electric element 40 is a concentrated winding brushless DC motor.
  • the compressor 1 is filled with refrigerating machine oil. Specifically, the bottom of the closed container 20 is filled with refrigerating machine oil 25 that lubricates the sliding parts of the compression element 30.
  • This refrigerating machine oil has refrigerant solubility. Details of the refrigerating machine oil will be described later.
  • the details of the compression element 30 will be explained.
  • the compression element 30 includes a cylinder 31, a rolling piston 32, a vane (not shown), a main bearing 33, and a sub-bearing 34.
  • the outer periphery of the cylinder 31 is approximately circular in plan view. Inside the cylinder 31, a cylinder chamber is formed which is a substantially circular space in plan view. The cylinder 31 is open at both ends in the axial direction.
  • the cylinder 31 is provided with a vane groove (not shown) that communicates with the cylinder chamber and extends in the radial direction.
  • a back pressure chamber which is a generally circular space in plan view and communicates with the vane groove, is formed outside the vane groove.
  • the rolling piston 32 is ring-shaped.
  • the rolling piston 32 moves eccentrically within the cylinder chamber.
  • the rolling piston 32 is slidably fitted into the eccentric shaft portion 51 of the shaft 50.
  • the shape of the vane is a flat substantially rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the vane is installed within the vane groove of the cylinder 31.
  • the vane is always pressed against the rolling piston 32 by a vane spring provided at the back. Since the pressure inside the closed container 20 is high, when the compressor 1 starts operating, a force due to the difference between the pressure inside the closed container 20 and the pressure inside the cylinder chamber acts on the back surface of the vane. Therefore, the vane spring is used mainly for the purpose of pressing the vane against the rolling piston 32 when the compressor 1 is started (when there is no difference in pressure between the inside of the closed container 20 and the cylinder chamber).
  • the main bearing 33 has a substantially inverted T shape when viewed from the side.
  • the main bearing 33 is slidably fitted into the main shaft portion 52, which is a portion of the shaft 50 above the eccentric shaft portion 51.
  • the main bearing 33 closes off the cylinder chamber of the cylinder 31 and the upper side of the vane groove.
  • the secondary bearing 34 has a substantially T-shape when viewed from the side.
  • the secondary bearing 34 is slidably fitted into a secondary shaft portion 53 that is a portion of the shaft 50 below the eccentric shaft portion 51 .
  • the secondary bearing 34 closes the cylinder chamber of the cylinder 31 and the lower side of the vane groove.
  • the main bearing 33 includes a discharge valve (not shown).
  • a discharge muffler 35 is attached to the outside of the main bearing 33.
  • the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged through the discharge valve once enters the discharge muffler 35 and is then discharged from the discharge muffler 35 into the space within the closed container 20 .
  • the discharge valve and the discharge muffler 35 may be provided in the secondary bearing 34 or in both the main bearing 33 and the secondary bearing 34.
  • the discharge muffler 35 has one or more discharge holes (not shown) with a diameter of 10 mm or less for discharging the discharge gas into the closed container 20. Even if a disproportionation reaction occurs inside the cylinder 31 due to seizure of sliding parts, etc., in order for the reaction to propagate inside the closed container, it needs to pass through a narrow flow path such as the discharge port or discharge hole. . At this time, the heat of reaction propagates to surrounding parts, which lowers the temperature and suppresses the disproportionation reaction.
  • the materials of the cylinder 31, main bearing 33, and sub-bearing 34 are gray cast iron, sintered steel, carbon steel, etc.
  • the material of the rolling piston 32 is, for example, alloy steel containing chromium or the like.
  • the material of the shaft 50 is, for example, spheroidal graphite cast iron.
  • the material of the vane is, for example, high speed tool steel.
  • cylinder 31, main bearing 33, sub-bearing 34, rolling piston 32, shaft 50, and vane are sliding parts, and the combination of their materials, together with the action of refrigerating machine oil, is Designed to prevent burn-in. This reduces the probability of generating a high temperature that would be the starting point for a disproportionation reaction.
  • a suction muffler 23 is provided next to the closed container 20.
  • the suction muffler 23 sucks low-pressure gas refrigerant from the refrigeration circuit 5.
  • the suction muffler 23 prevents the liquid refrigerant from directly entering the cylinder chamber of the cylinder 31 when the liquid refrigerant returns.
  • the suction muffler 23 is connected to the suction port of the cylinder 31 via the suction pipe 21.
  • the main body of the suction muffler 23 is fixed to the side surface of the closed container 20 by welding or the like.
  • the electric element 40 may be a concentrated winding brushless DC (Direct Current) motor or a motor other than the concentrated winding brushless DC motor (for example, a distributed winding motor or an induction motor).
  • a concentrated winding brushless DC (Direct Current) motor or a motor other than the concentrated winding brushless DC motor (for example, a distributed winding motor or an induction motor).
  • the electric element 40 includes a stator 41 and a rotor 42.
  • the stator 41 is fixed in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the closed container 20.
  • the rotor 42 is installed inside the stator 41 with a gap of about 0.3 to 1 mm in between.
  • the discharged refrigerant can pass through the gap. Since the gap is narrow, even if a disproportionation reaction occurs, the heat generated by the disproportionation reaction is transferred to the stator or rotor while passing through this gap. Therefore, propagation of the disproportionation reaction above and below the electric element can be suppressed.
  • the stator 41 includes a stator core 43 and a stator winding 44.
  • the stator core 43 is manufactured by punching a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates with a thickness of 0.1 to 1.5 mm into a predetermined shape, stacking them in the axial direction, and fixing them by caulking, welding, or the like.
  • the stator winding 44 is wound around the stator core 43 with an insulating member 48 interposed therebetween in a concentrated winding manner. Concentrated winding windings do not need to straddle between the stator slots (not shown) like distributed winding, so there are protruding wires (coil ends) above and below the stator to pass the wires to other slots. ) does not have. Thereby, even if a defect occurs in the insulation, it is possible to prevent sparks and welding due to conduction between wires of different phases, which can be the starting point of a disproportionation reaction, and the generation of high temperatures caused by this.
  • the material of the insulating member 48 is, for example, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), FEP (tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer), PFA (tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer). , PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), LCP (liquid crystal polymer), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), and phenol resin.
  • a lead wire 45 is connected to the stator winding 44 .
  • the above-mentioned insulating member does not lose its insulation properties due to melting, at least at temperatures where disproportionation reactions may begin to occur (for example, 150° C.). Therefore, even if the pressure and temperature reach the disproportionation reaction limit, it is possible to prevent sparks and welding due to conduction between wires of different phases, which are the starting point of the reaction, and the generation of high temperatures due to this.
  • a plurality of elongated notches are formed on the outer periphery of the stator core 43 at approximately equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
  • Each cutout becomes one of the passages for the gas refrigerant discharged from the discharge muffler 35 into the space inside the closed container 20.
  • Each cutout also serves as a passage for refrigerating machine oil from above the electric element 40 back to the bottom of the closed container 20.
  • the above cutout allows the upper and lower parts of the electric element 40 to communicate with each other. Since the notch has an elongated shape, the circumference is long relative to the area of the notch. Therefore, even if a disproportionation reaction occurs, the stator core 43 and the lower sealed container 20b absorb the reaction heat, and the propagation of the disproportionation reaction above and below the electric element 40 can be suppressed.
  • the rotor 42 includes a rotor core 46 and permanent magnets (not shown). Similar to the stator core 43, the rotor core 46 is made by punching multiple electromagnetic steel plates with a thickness of 0.1 to 1.5 mm into a predetermined shape, stacking them in the axial direction, and fixing them by caulking, welding, etc. It is manufactured by The permanent magnets are inserted into a plurality of insertion holes formed in the rotor core 46. As the permanent magnet, for example, a ferrite magnet or a rare earth magnet is used.
  • a through hole is formed in the rotor core 46 and has a diameter that is 1/5 or less of the axial length of the rotor 42 and that penetrates substantially in the axial direction.
  • each through hole serves as one of the passages for the gas refrigerant discharged from the discharge muffler 35 into the space inside the closed container 20.
  • the above-mentioned through hole also allows the upper and lower parts of the electric element 40 to communicate with each other.
  • the through hole is sufficiently small with respect to the length of the rotor 42 in the axial direction. Therefore, even if a disproportionation reaction occurs, the rotor core 46 removes the reaction heat, and the propagation of the disproportionation reaction above and below the electric element 40 can be suppressed.
  • a power terminal 24 (for example, a glass terminal) for connecting to an external power source is attached to the top of the closed container 20.
  • the power terminal 24 is fixed to the closed container 20 by, for example, welding.
  • a lead wire 45 from the electric element 40 is connected to the power supply terminal 24 .
  • a discharge pipe 22 with both axial ends open is attached to the top of the closed container 20.
  • the gas refrigerant discharged from the compression element 30 is discharged from the space inside the closed container 20 through the discharge pipe 22 to the external refrigeration circuit 5.
  • the operation of the compressor 1 will be explained. Power is supplied from the power terminal 24 to the stator 41 of the electric element 40 via a lead wire 45. This causes the rotor 42 of the electric element 40 to rotate. As the rotor 42 rotates, a shaft 50 fixed to the rotor 42 rotates. As the shaft 50 rotates, the rolling piston 32 of the compression element 30 eccentrically rotates within the cylinder chamber of the cylinder 31 of the compression element 30. The space between the cylinder 31 and the rolling piston 32 is divided into two by vanes of the compression element 30. As the shaft 50 rotates, the volumes of these two spaces change. In one space, the refrigerant is sucked from the suction muffler 23 as the volume gradually expands.
  • the gas refrigerant therein is compressed by gradually reducing the volume.
  • the compressed gas refrigerant is once discharged from the discharge muffler 35 into the space within the closed container 20 .
  • the discharged gas refrigerant passes through the electric element 40 and is discharged out of the closed container 20 from the discharge pipe 22 located at the top of the closed container 20 .
  • the stroke volume Vst [cc] of the compressor the rated cooling capacity Q [W] of the refrigeration cycle device in which the refrigeration circuit of this embodiment is used, and the frequency f [1/s] of the compressor
  • the stroke volume Vst [cc] of the compressor represents the relationship expressed by the following formula (1).
  • a refrigeration cycle device that satisfies the relationship of the above formula (1) can suppress the disproportionation reaction, have a high COP in actual operation, and have a small compressor displacement volume.
  • the above formula (1) is derived by the following procedure based on the above formula (I) and the above formula (II).
  • the following formula (IV) is obtained.
  • Vst Q/( ⁇ H ⁇ v ⁇ f ⁇ s) (IV)
  • ⁇ H and ⁇ s can be calculated based on the conditions of HFO-1123's aggregation temperature of 45° C., evaporation temperature of 10° C., degree of supercooling at the condenser outlet of 5K, and degree of superheating at the outlet of the evaporator of 0K.
  • ⁇ H is 111.5 [kJ/kg]
  • ⁇ s is 66 [kg/m 3 ].
  • the displaced volume of the compressor is It is 111% or more and 125% or less.
  • the compressor is filled with refrigerating machine oil.
  • refrigerating machine oil both those that are compatible with propane and those that are incompatible with propane can be used.
  • refrigerating machine oil is compatible with propane means that there is a temperature at which propane and freezing machine oil do not separate into two layers.
  • Refrigerating machine oil is incompatible with propane means that there is no temperature at which propane and refrigerating machine oil are compatible.
  • the solubility of propane in the refrigerating machine oil is preferably greater than the solubility of HFO-1123 in the refrigerating machine oil.
  • the solubility of propane in refrigerating machine oil is greater than the solubility of HFO-1123 in refrigerating machine oil.
  • the solubility in machine oil means greater than the solubility of HFO-1123 in refrigerating machine oil. This further improves the effect of suppressing the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123. Moreover, the effect of suppressing the flammability of the refrigerant can be obtained. This mechanism will be explained below.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the degree of superheating of refrigerating machine oil (polyvinyl ether oil, PVE oil) and the amount of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil.
  • the horizontal axis shows the degree of superheating [K] of the refrigerating machine oil
  • the vertical axis shows the amount of refrigerant dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil at each degree of superheating, that is, the amount of HFO-1123 and propane (R290) dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil. The amount of each dissolved is shown.
  • the amount of R290 dissolved in the refrigeration oil is greater than the amount of HFO-1123 dissolved in the refrigeration oil. It's also big. That is, the solubility in the refrigerating machine oil is greater than the solubility in the refrigerating machine oil at each degree of superheating of the refrigerating machine oil in the range of approximately 5K or more and 60K or less.
  • the refrigerant as a whole as shown in the graph of FIG. 10, the smaller the degree of heating of the refrigerating machine oil, the larger the amount of refrigerant dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil. Dissolution amount decreases.
  • the degree of heating of the discharged gas from the compressor 12 is controlled so as not to become abnormally large (the temperature of the discharged gas is within a certain range). Therefore, the degree of superheating of the refrigerating machine oil (slightly smaller than the degree of superheating of the discharged gas) is also controlled within a certain range.
  • the degree of superheat of refrigerating machine oil is considered to be around 10K to 30K. For example, as shown in the graph of Fig. 10, under a general operating condition of 20K superheat of refrigerating machine oil, the amount of R290 dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil is larger than the amount of HFO-1123 dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil. This means that a large amount of R290 is present. Therefore, the ratio of R290 in the refrigerant circulating through the refrigeration circuit 5 is smaller than the ratio of R290 in the refrigerant at the time of sealing.
  • R290 Since R290 is flammable, if the refrigerant contains R290, it tends to become more flammable. As described above, by using a refrigerating machine oil in which the solubility of R290 is higher than that of HFO-1123, the ratio of R290 in the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerating circuit 5 is reduced during operation of the refrigeration cycle device. Therefore, the flammability of the circulating refrigerant is reduced. Therefore, even if the refrigerant leaks from the refrigeration cycle device 10, combustion is unlikely to occur and safety can be improved.
  • the degree of heating of the discharged gas will increase significantly, and the degree of superheating of the refrigerating machine oil will also increase significantly.
  • the solubility of HFO-1123 and R290 in the refrigerating machine oil decreases as a whole compared to the solubility of the refrigerating machine oil when the superheat of the refrigerating machine oil is 20 K. .
  • the difference between the solubility of HFO-1123 and the solubility of R290 is also smaller than when the superheat of the refrigerating machine oil is 20K. Therefore, when the refrigerating machine oil has a superheat degree of 50K, the composition of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerating circuit 5 becomes close to the composition at the time of sealing, and the effect of suppressing the disproportionation reaction by R290 can be sufficiently obtained.
  • the solubility of propane in the refrigerating machine oil is greater than the solubility of HFO-1123 in the refrigerating machine oil. , it is possible to obtain the effect of suppressing the occurrence and propagation of a disproportionation reaction.
  • the refrigerating machine oil that is compatible with propane is preferably made of at least one selected from the group consisting of polyol ester oil, polyvinyl ether oil, mineral oil, and alkylbenzene oil.
  • mineral oil naphthenic mineral oil and paraffinic mineral oil can be used.
  • solubility of propane in the refrigeration oil is greater than the solubility of HFO-1123 in the refrigeration oil.
  • the refrigerating machine oil can be made of one type of the above-mentioned refrigerating machine oils. Further, the refrigerating machine oil can be composed of two or more types of the above-mentioned refrigerating machine oils.
  • the solubility of each component in the refrigerant is different.
  • the amount of each component dissolved in the refrigerant also changes. Therefore, the composition of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration circuit also changes.
  • the composition of the refrigerant changes and the content of propane in the refrigerant decreases, the effect of suppressing the disproportionation reaction by propane may also decrease.
  • propane content in the refrigerant in order to increase the propane content in the refrigerant during operation of the refrigeration cycle device, it is conceivable to increase the propane content in the refrigerant when it is sealed into the refrigeration circuit. However, since propane is highly flammable, increasing the propane content may make the refrigerant more likely to burn.
  • the refrigeration oil is incompatible with propane, the content of propane in the refrigerant will not decrease even during operation of the refrigeration cycle equipment, and the effect of suppressing the disproportionation reaction caused by propane can be obtained. . Furthermore, since it is not necessary to increase the content of propane in the refrigerant, the effect of suppressing the flammability of the refrigerant can be obtained.
  • the solubility of propane in refrigerating machine oil is preferably lower than the solubility of HFO-1123 in refrigerating machine oil.
  • the solubility of propane in refrigerating machine oil is lower than the solubility of HFO-1123 in refrigerating machine oil.
  • the solubility in machine oil means that it is lower than the solubility of HFO-1123 in refrigerating machine oil.
  • PAG oil polyalkylene glycol oil
  • propane HFO-1123 and propane have low solubility in PAG oil. Therefore, by using PEG oil as the refrigerating machine oil, the composition of the refrigerating machine oil does not change easily even during operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, and it is possible to obtain the effect of suppressing the disproportionation reaction caused by propane.
  • the solubility of propane in PAG oil is preferably lower than the solubility of HFO-1123 in PAG oil. According to this, the content of propane in the refrigerant during operation of the refrigeration cycle device does not decrease from the content of propane in the refrigerant when it is sealed into the refrigeration circuit (before the start of operation of the refrigeration cycle device). Therefore, even during operation of the refrigeration cycle device, the effect of suppressing the disproportionation reaction caused by propane can be obtained.

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PCT/JP2022/014637 2022-03-25 2022-03-25 冷凍回路及びそれを備える冷凍サイクル装置 Ceased WO2023181402A1 (ja)

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US18/847,964 US20250043167A1 (en) 2022-03-25 2022-03-25 Refrigeration circuit and refrigeration cycle apparatus including the same
DE112022006898.1T DE112022006898T5 (de) 2022-03-25 2022-03-25 Kältekreislauf und kältekreislaufvorrichtung mit einem solchen kältekreislauf

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WO2024203931A1 (ja) * 2023-03-31 2024-10-03 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 制御方法、制御装置、冷凍サイクル装置、プログラム
WO2025084087A1 (ja) * 2023-10-19 2025-04-24 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 制御方法、制御装置、冷凍サイクル装置、プログラム
WO2025229745A1 (ja) * 2024-05-01 2025-11-06 三菱電機株式会社 冷凍サイクル装置

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JP6848861B2 (ja) * 2015-06-01 2021-03-24 Ａｇｃ株式会社 熱サイクル用作動媒体、熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム
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WO2020071380A1 (ja) * 2018-10-01 2020-04-09 Ａｇｃ株式会社 熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム

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