WO2023179947A1 - Procédé et dispositif de détection d'une fuite de gaz d'anode dans au moins une pile à combustible ou dans une région de celle-ci et système de pile à combustible comprenant un dispositif - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de détection d'une fuite de gaz d'anode dans au moins une pile à combustible ou dans une région de celle-ci et système de pile à combustible comprenant un dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023179947A1
WO2023179947A1 PCT/EP2023/052568 EP2023052568W WO2023179947A1 WO 2023179947 A1 WO2023179947 A1 WO 2023179947A1 EP 2023052568 W EP2023052568 W EP 2023052568W WO 2023179947 A1 WO2023179947 A1 WO 2023179947A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
anode
excitation signal
fuel cell
leakage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/052568
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tobias FALKENAU
Timo Bosch
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2023179947A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023179947A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04679—Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04447—Concentration; Density of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell

Definitions

  • Damage in a fuel cell system is usually detected using voltmetric individual cell voltage monitoring or other sensors such as. B. using a hydrogen sensor in the exhaust gas.
  • the approach presented here presents a method for detecting a leakage of anode gas in or in the area of at least one fuel cell, a device that uses this method, and finally a fuel cell system with a device according to the main claims.
  • the measures listed in the dependent claims make advantageous developments and improvements to the method specified in the independent claim possible.
  • a method for detecting a leakage of anode gas in or in the area of a fuel cell is presented.
  • the method has an output step, a reading step and a determining step.
  • an excitation signal that oscillates around a setpoint is output to an interface to a metering valve for metering hydrogen to the anode, the excitation signal being designed to generate an actual pressure at the anode that oscillates around a setpoint pressure.
  • a pressure signal is read in via an interface to a pressure sensor for detecting the actual pressure at or in the area of the anode.
  • the leakage of anode gas is determined using the actual pressure and/or the excitation signal.
  • This method can be implemented, for example, in software or hardware or in a mixed form of software and hardware, for example in a control device.
  • the fuel cell can have a membrane arranged between the anode and the cathode, for example a so-called “polymer electrolyte membrane”, “PEM” for short.
  • PEM polymer electrolyte membrane
  • the method can also be carried out in connection with a fuel cell system that has a plurality of fuel cells, so-called “stacks”.
  • the anode gas can contain hydrogen, “H2” for short, nitrogen, “N2” for short, and/or water, for example in the form of water vapor, “H2O(g)” for short.
  • the method advantageously makes it possible to detect external and internal leakage in the anode path of the fuel cell.
  • the leak can be caused by a leak on or in the fuel cell.
  • Other components may also be leaking, such as: B. a vent valve/purge valve or drain valve/drain valve of the fuel cell, or an interface to a sensor.
  • the method can also detect leaks externally or in a coolant path of the fuel cell without being able to differentiate.
  • the metering valve can be a hydrogen metering valve which is designed to supply hydrogen, for example hydrogen gas, to be metered to the anode.
  • the setpoint can be a stationary value for controlling the metering valve during operation of the hydrogen cell.
  • the oscillation can be designed to superimpose this setpoint in order to generate the actual pressure.
  • the actual pressure is the target pressure together with a pressure reaction generated by the vibration, which can also be referred to as a “ripple”.
  • the excitation signal can be output, the oscillation of which has a specific oscillation characteristic for generating the actual pressure.
  • the excitation signal can be designed, for example, to bring about a target pressure requirement for a process pressure in the fuel cell on the anode side with a specifically excited overshoot and/or undershoot in the pressure.
  • the pressure signal can be read, wherein the pressure sensor can be arranged to detect the actual pressure at an anode input of the anode and make it available for reading.
  • the oscillation of the excitation signal can be sinusoidal, rectangular or sawtooth-shaped.
  • a sinusoidal, rectangular or sawtooth-shaped oscillation leads to a periodic pressure oscillation in the anode as a pressure response.
  • the excitation signal can be output in the output step, the oscillation of the excitation signal being designed to cause a voltage and/or current change on the metering valve in order to generate the actual pressure at the anode which oscillates around the target pressure.
  • a change in voltage and/or current can advantageously cause a change in pressure at the anode, which can be used to determine the leak.
  • a comparison can be carried out between a course of the actual pressure and a reference course of a reference pressure in order to determine the leakage.
  • the reference curve of the reference pressure can, for example, be predetermined or be a reference curve obtained from a previous measurement. As a predetermined reference curve of the reference pressure, this can be stored, for example, in a storage unit as a known reference curve, which for example, represents an expected course for an intact fuel cell without leakage.
  • the curve can, for example, represent a pressure increase and/or pressure decrease curve of the actual pressure. This makes it quick and easy to determine whether the fuel cell has a leak through a comparison.
  • the leakage of anode gas is determined in the determining step when the course of the actual pressure deviates from the reference course of the reference pressure.
  • the pressure increase curve and/or pressure drop curve should be the same for several measurements, depending on the excitation signal being provided. If, on the other hand, the pressure increase curve and/or pressure drop curve is smaller during the pressure increase and/or larger during the pressure drop, gas must have been lost somewhere, i.e. there must be a leak.
  • the method can also have a further output step in which a further excitation signal which oscillates with the oscillation around the setpoint value is output to the interface to the metering valve at a time different from the step of outputting the excitation signal, the further excitation signal being designed in order to generate the actual pressure at the anode which oscillates around the target pressure, and the method can further comprise a further step of reading in, in which a further pressure signal is read in via the interface to the pressure sensor in order to obtain the reference pressure.
  • the different point in time can be, for example, a point in time preceding the step of outputting the excitation signal.
  • Actual pressure values from several, for example previous, measurements can be taken into account as reference pressures and compared in order to determine the leak. A standard comparison pressure value is therefore not necessary.
  • the pressure signal can be read in, which represents a pressure curve of the actual pressure, with the leakage of anode gas using a pressure increase and/or in the determining step Pressure drop of the actual pressure is determined.
  • the leakage of anode gas can be determined using a defined pressure increase and/or pressure drop and/or an amplitude of the actual pressure.
  • a defined pressure increase and/or a defined pressure drop and/or a defined amplitude can enable an easily assignable result when a defined oscillation is set by the excitation signal.
  • the leak can be detected quickly and easily if the pressure increase and/or pressure drop and/or the amplitude of the defined pressure increase and/or defined pressure drop and/or the defined amplitude is determined.
  • the excitation signal can also be output in order to generate the actual pressure with a predetermined pressure characteristic at the anode, wherein in the determination step a comparison is carried out between the oscillation of the excitation signal and a reference oscillation of a reference excitation signal in order to determine the leakage .
  • the predetermined pressure characteristic of the actual pressure can be a pressure curve of the actual pressure, for example a curve of a pressure increase and/or pressure drop of the actual pressure.
  • the reference excitation signal can be an excitation signal output at a point in time that differs from, for example, a previous, output of the excitation signal.
  • the leakage can be determined if excitation signals with different oscillations are required over time to generate the actual pressure at the anode.
  • a temperature and/or concentration of an anode gas of the anode is also read in, with the leakage of anode gas being determined in the determining step using the temperature and/or concentration.
  • the temperature and/or concentration of the anode gas can also indicate an anode gas leak.
  • the approach presented here also creates a device that is designed to carry out, control or implement the steps of a variant of a method presented here in corresponding devices.
  • This embodiment variant of the approach in the form of a device can also solve the task on which the approach is based quickly and efficiently.
  • the device can have at least one computing unit for processing signals or data, at least one storage unit for storing signals or data, at least one interface to a sensor or an actuator for reading in sensor signals from the sensor or for outputting data or control signals to the Have an actuator and / or at least one communication interface for reading or outputting data that is embedded in a communication protocol.
  • the computing unit can be, for example, a signal processor, a microcontroller or the like, whereby the storage unit can be a flash memory, an EEPROM or a magnetic storage unit.
  • the communication interface can be designed to read or output data wirelessly and/or by wire, wherein a communication interface that can read or output wired data can, for example, read this data electrically or optically from a corresponding data transmission line or output it into a corresponding data transmission line.
  • a device can be understood to mean an electrical device that processes sensor signals and, depending on them, outputs control and/or data signals.
  • the device can have an interface that can be designed in hardware and/or software.
  • the interfaces can, for example, be part of a so-called system ASIC, which contains a wide variety of functions of the device.
  • the interfaces are their own integrated circuits or at least partially consist of discrete components.
  • the interfaces can be software modules that are present, for example, on a microcontroller alongside other software modules.
  • a fuel cell system has at least one fuel cell with an anode and a cathode, a metering valve for metering hydrogen to the anode and the device described above.
  • This can be optional
  • Fuel cell system also have the pressure sensor.
  • the fuel cell may have a polymer electrolyte membrane arranged between the anode and the cathode.
  • the fuel cell system can have a plurality of fuel cells, so-called “stacks”. With such a fuel cell system, it is advantageously possible to quickly and easily detect, without complex sensors, whether there is a leakage of anode gas in the fuel cell.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to an exemplary embodiment for detecting a leakage of anode gas in at least one fuel cell
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram with curves of an excitation signal and a pressure signal according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of a method according to an exemplary embodiment for detecting a leakage of anode gas in at least one fuel cell with an anode and a cathode;
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a method according to an exemplary embodiment for detecting a leakage of anode gas in at least one fuel cell.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment for detecting a leakage of anode gas in or in the area of at least one fuel cell 105.
  • the device 100 according to this exemplary embodiment is arranged in the area of the fuel cell 105, which here is arranged on or in a vehicle 110, for example.
  • the fuel cell 105 has at least one anode 115 and at least one cathode 120.
  • the device 105 has an output device 125, a reading device 130 and a determination device 135.
  • the output device 125 is designed to output an excitation signal 140 that oscillates around a setpoint to an interface to a metering valve 145 for metering hydrogen H2 to the anode 115, the excitation signal 140 being designed to produce an actual pressure that oscillates around a setpoint pressure the anode 115 to generate.
  • the reading device 130 is designed to read a pressure signal 150 via an interface to a pressure sensor 155 for detecting the actual pressure at or in the area of the anode 115.
  • the determination device 135 is designed to determine the leakage of anode gas using the actual pressure and/or the excitation signal 140.
  • the device 100 is integrated into a fuel cell control device 160 for controlling the fuel cell 105.
  • the fuel cell control device 160 which can also be referred to as a “control device”, and/or the device 100 is connected in terms of signals via a CAN bus CAN to a vehicle control device 165 of the vehicle 110.
  • the device 100 together with the fuel cell 105 and the metering valve 145, can also be referred to as a fuel cell system 168.
  • the fuel cell system 168 only optionally according to this exemplary embodiment further comprises the pressure sensor 155, a supply line 170 for supplying hydrogen Fb from a hydrogen tank, a system isolation valve 172 for separating or establishing a connection between the supply line 170 and the metering valve 145, a jet pump 175 for conveying the Hydrogen H2 to the anode 115, a water separator 177 for separating water from the anode 115 to an exhaust system 178 of the vehicle 110 or for separating hydrogen H2 from the water back to the jet pump 175, a vent valve 180 arranged between the water separator 177 and the exhaust system 178, a drain valve 182 arranged between the water separator 177 and the exhaust system 178, a housing 185 for receiving the fuel cell 105, a cooling device 187 for cooling the fuel cell 105, for example by means of a coolant
  • the supply line 170, the system isolation valve 172, the metering valve 145, the jet pump 175, the water separator 177, the vent valve 180, the drain valve 182 and/or the anode 115 are part of an anode subsystem of the fuel cell 105.
  • the pressure sensor 155 is arranged at an anode input of the anode 115 merely as an example. According to an alternative exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor 155 or at least one corresponding further pressure sensor is arranged on the vent valve 180, drain valve 182 and/or the cooling device 187.
  • the fuel cell 105 has a membrane arranged between the anode 115 and the cathode 120, for example a so-called “polymer electrolyte membrane”, “PEM” for short.
  • PEM polymer electrolyte membrane
  • the fuel cell system 168 includes a plurality of fuel cells 105, so-called “stacks”.
  • the anode 115 is a stack of anodes and/or the cathode 120 is a stack of cathodes.
  • the anode gas has hydrogen H2, nitrogen and/or water vapor.
  • the device 100 advantageously makes it possible to detect external and internal leakage in the anode path of the fuel cell 105.
  • the leak was caused by a leak on or in the fuel cell 105, or by other components of the fuel cell system 168 leaking, such as. B. the vent valve 180/purge valve or drain valve 182/drain valve, or an interface to a sensor.
  • the device 100 enables leaks to be detected externally or in a coolant path without being able to differentiate. Additionally or alternatively, the device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment enables the detection of leaks from components of the fuel cell system 168 in the anode circuit.
  • the metering valve 145 here in the form of a hydrogen metering valve, is designed according to this exemplary embodiment to meter hydrogen gas to the anode 115.
  • the setpoint represents a stationary value for controlling the metering valve 145 during operation of the hydrogen cell 105.
  • the oscillation of the control signal 140 is designed to superimpose this setpoint in order to generate the actual pressure.
  • the actual pressure is the target pressure together with a pressure reaction/oscillation generated by the vibration, which can also be referred to as a “ripple”.
  • the output device 125 is designed according to this exemplary embodiment to output the excitation signal 140, the oscillation of which has a specific oscillation characteristic for generating the actual pressure.
  • the excitation signal 140 is designed to bring about a target pressure request for a process pressure in the fuel cell 105 on the anode side with a specifically excited overshoot and/or undershoot in the pressure.
  • the reading device 130 is designed according to an exemplary embodiment to read the pressure signal 150 from the interface to the pressure sensor 155, which is arranged to detect the actual pressure at an anode input of the anode 115 and to provide it to the reading device 130.
  • the fuel cell system 168 with the device 100, which is designed to carry out a method for determining a leakage of anode gas, which contains, for example, hydrogen H2.
  • the fuel cell system 168 is formed as a so-called “polymer electrolyte membrane” fuel cell system, which is designed to convert hydrogen H2 into electrical energy using oxygen, generating waste heat and water.
  • the PEM fuel cell 168 consists of an anode 115, which is supplied with hydrogen H2, a cathode 120, which is supplied with air, and the polymer electrolyte membrane placed between them according to this exemplary embodiment.
  • the gas delivery units used are the jet pump 175, also called “jet pump”, or hybrid solutions consisting of a jet pump and a hydrogen blower.
  • the process pressure in the fuel cell system 168 is varied depending on the load and there is a pressure difference between anode 115 and cathode 120 with an overpressure during operation of anode 115 compared to cathode 120.
  • Changes in load requirements to the fuel cell system 168 which are caused by external requirements, e.g . B. by the vehicle 110 or a stationary application, are often unpredictable, especially in terms of duration, amount and time. This means that pressure changes are also possible.
  • the main cause of damage to a fuel cell stack is depletion of educts. Especially on the anode side, depletion of hydrogen H2 very quickly leads to irreversible damage in the membrane electrode unit, “MEA” for short, of the hydrogen cell 105. Damage is detected using the device 100 presented here, advantageously without voltmetric individual cell voltage monitoring. This would be complex, expensive and currently not available on the market over the lifespan for the required safety quality and integrity.
  • the fuel cell system 168 presented here also does not require active recirculation using a recirculation blower, “ARB” for short.
  • the device 100 advantageously makes it possible to evaluate a leak between the anode and cathode sides in a fuel cell system 168 without the method of voltmetric single cell voltage monitoring or other sensors/actuators such as. E.g. to use “ARB”. Rather, the device 100 makes it possible to set a target pressure requirement for the process pressure in the fuel cell system 168 on the anode side with a specifically excited overshoot and undershoot in the pressure.
  • a control current oscillation in the form of voltage and / or current changes occurs on the metering valve 145, which can also be referred to as a “hydrogen gas injector”.
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram in which, as an example, curves of an excitation signal 140 and a pressure signal 150 are plotted over time t. These can be exemplary embodiments of the signals described in FIG. 1.
  • the oscillation 200 of the excitation signal 140 which represents a control current of the metering valve, is approximately sinusoidal according to this exemplary embodiment, or rectangular or sawtooth-shaped according to an alternative exemplary embodiment, around the setpoint 205, which can also be referred to as a “steady value”.
  • This sinusoidal, or alternatively rectangular or sawtooth-shaped, oscillation 200 leads to a periodic pressure oscillation 210 in the anode as a pressure response, which can be recognized via the pressure signal 150.
  • this pressure oscillation 210 oscillates around a stationary target pressure 215, which, together with the pressure oscillation 210, represents the actual pressure 218 of the pressure signal 150.
  • amplitudes 220 are amplitudes 220, a period 225, a pressure gradient Ap/At and a current gradient Al/At.
  • a first area 230 a lower process pressure in the fuel cell system is realized depending on the load during operation of the fuel cell system than in a second area 235. Changes in load requirements for the fuel cell system occur due to external requirements, e.g. B. by the vehicle 110 or a stationary one Application, and are often unpredictable, especially in terms of duration, amount and timing.
  • the oscillation 200 of the excitation signal 140 is designed according to this exemplary embodiment to cause a voltage and/or current change on the metering valve in order to generate the actual pressure 218 at the anode which oscillates around the target pressure 215.
  • the determination device of the device described with reference to FIG. 1 is designed according to an exemplary embodiment to carry out a comparison between a course of the actual pressure 218 and a reference course of a reference pressure in order to determine the leakage.
  • the reference curve of the reference pressure is predetermined or a reference curve obtained from a previous measurement using the device.
  • the reference curve according to an exemplary embodiment is stored and/or retrievable in a storage unit of the device 100 as a known reference curve, which represents, for example, an expected curve in an intact fuel cell without leakage.
  • the course represents a pressure increase and/or pressure drop course of the actual pressure 218.
  • the determination device is designed to determine the leakage of anode gas when the course of the actual pressure 218 deviates from the reference course of the reference pressure.
  • the determination device is further designed to detect no leakage of anode gas, i.e. an intact fuel cell, if, for example, in several measurements, the pressure increase curve and/or pressure drop curve after providing the excitation signal 140 is the same, or the curve of the actual pressure 218 is the same as the reference curve of the Reference pressure matches. If, on the other hand, the pressure increase curve and/or pressure drop curve is, for example, smaller in the pressure increase and/or larger in the pressure drop, it is recognized according to one exemplary embodiment that gas must have been lost somewhere, i.e. there is a leak.
  • the reading device of the device is designed to read the pressure signal 150, which represents a pressure curve of the actual pressure 218, the determining device being designed to detect the leakage of anode gas using a pressure increase and/or pressure drop and/or an amplitude 220 of the Actual pressure 218 to be determined.
  • the leakage of anode gas can be determined using a defined pressure increase and/or a defined pressure drop and/or a defined amplitude of the actual pressure 218.
  • the leak can be detected quickly and easily if the defined pressure increase and/or defined pressure drop and/or the defined amplitude is determined as the pressure increase and/or pressure drop and/or the amplitude 220.
  • the output device of the device is designed to output the excitation signal 140, which is designed to generate the actual pressure 218 with a predetermined pressure characteristic at the anode, the determining device being designed to make a comparison between the oscillation 200 of the excitation signal 140 and a reference oscillation of a reference excitation signal to determine the leakage.
  • the predetermined pressure characteristic of the actual pressure 218 represents a predetermined pressure curve of the actual pressure 218, for example a curve of a pressure increase and/or pressure drop of the actual pressure 218.
  • the reference excitation signal can be output at a point in time that differs from the output of the excitation signal 140, for example a previous time Be an excitation signal.
  • the leakage is determined if excitation signals 140 with different oscillations 200 are required to generate the actual pressure 218 at the anode over time, i.e. a change in the excitation signal 140 is required in order to achieve the predetermined pressure profile of the actual pressure 218 .
  • the reading device is designed according to an exemplary embodiment to further read a temperature and/or concentration of an anode gas of the anode, wherein the determining device is designed to determine the leakage of anode gas using also the temperature and / or concentration.
  • the superimposed change in the drive current in the form of the oscillation 200 is, for example, sinusoidal, rectangular or sawtooth-shaped. This leads to the periodic pressure oscillation 210 in the anode system as a step response.
  • the limits within which the vibration 200 moves are, according to one exemplary embodiment, mainly limited by the differential pressure between the anode and cathode and, according to this exemplary embodiment, range between a few millibars, for example 10 mbar, and up to one bar.
  • the resolution is made using the limits and/or detection accuracy and the sampling rate can be specifically influenced according to one exemplary embodiment. According to one exemplary embodiment, the two goals behave reciprocally.
  • the pressure rise and fall curve Ap/At and the amplitude 220 are measured using the pressure signal 150 of the pressure sensor at the entrance to the anode side.
  • the pressure rise and fall curve and the amplitude 220 in the anode of the fuel cell system to predetermined control current oscillations 200 are known for an optimally functioning system according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the device or according to an exemplary embodiment in the fuel cell control device/monitoring device English. “Fuel Cell Control Unit”, or “FCCU” for short, this information is compared and evaluated. With otherwise the same settings and/or the same consumption of hydrogen H2 between two measurements, the course of the pressure increase or decrease should be the same with an intact fuel cell. If it is lower when the pressure increases and/or larger when the pressure drops, gas must have been lost somewhere.
  • the leakage rate in a new, optimally functioning fuel cell system is, for example, between 1000 and 4000 Nccm/h between anode and cathode at a pressure difference of 300 mbar.
  • This leak rate increases.
  • Holes of the order of 0.1 mm for example, contribute to the hydrogen loss of approximately 10,000 Nccm/h. This leads, for example, to a pressure change of 11 mbar in one second in the fuel cell system compared to a fuel cell system without a hole.
  • the pressure oscillation 210 z. B. generated by means of a two-point controller, which regulates with a defined deviation around the target pressure 215, so to speak the amplitude 220 of the pressure oscillation 210 is specified.
  • the required control current of the hydrogen metering valve is used as a measure for the step response.
  • the methodology of the device is used in the start and/or shutdown phase of the fuel cell system, in which, according to one exemplary embodiment, a step response of the anode pressure is evaluated for each start and/or stop request.
  • the temperature and/or the concentration of the anode gas is also taken into account.
  • the fuel cell system is suitable for stationary and mobile applications and does not require special sensors such as an “ARB” or centivoltmeter, or “CVM” for short, to monitor the leakage from the anode side to the cathode side, to the outside or into the coolant path. Avoiding and detecting anode gas leaks, such as hydrogen leaks, are safety goals in the fuel cell system.
  • the device higher efficiency, a longer service life and energy density of the fuel cell system are possible while reducing costs.
  • the device can be used throughout the service life without additional sensors. This will do it Fuel cell system is optimally utilized during operation over its service life and the efficiency is increased over its service life.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of a method 300 according to an exemplary embodiment for detecting a leakage of anode gas in at least one fuel cell with an anode and a cathode. This can be a method 300 that can be carried out or controlled by the device described with reference to the previous figures.
  • the method 300 has a step 305 of outputting, a step 310 of reading in and a step 315 of determining.
  • step 305 of output an excitation signal oscillating around a setpoint is output to an interface to a metering valve for metering hydrogen to the anode, the excitation signal being designed to generate an actual pressure at the anode that oscillates around a setpoint pressure.
  • step 310 of reading in a pressure signal is read in via an interface to a pressure sensor for detecting the actual pressure at the anode.
  • step 315 of determining the leakage of anode gas is determined using the actual pressure and/or the excitation signal.
  • the method 300 also has a further step 320 of output and/or a further step 325 of reading.
  • a further excitation signal oscillating with the oscillation around the setpoint is output to the interface to the metering valve at a time different from step 305 of outputting the excitation signal, the further excitation signal being designed to oscillate around the setpoint pressure To generate actual pressure at the anode.
  • a further pressure signal is read in via the interface to the pressure sensor in order to obtain a reference pressure for comparison with the actual pressure.
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram 400 of a method according to an exemplary embodiment for detecting a leakage of anode gas in at least one fuel cell in an exemplary embodiment. This can be the method described in FIG. 3.
  • a procedural sequence for determining the leakage is shown.
  • the target value is determined in the form of a target control current for the metering valve.
  • a target control current-dependent ripple is determined in the form of the vibration for the metering valve.
  • an actual control current for the metering valve with ripple is set from a sum of the target control current and the ripple.
  • the third block 415 may correspond to the outputting step described in FIG. 3.
  • the actual pressure is measured with ripple.
  • the fourth block 420 can correspond to the reading step described in FIG. 3.
  • a fifth block 425 an analysis is carried out to detect the leak.
  • the fifth block 425 may correspond to the determining step described in FIG. 3.
  • a smoothed actual pressure is determined according to this exemplary embodiment.
  • the target pressure is determined according to this exemplary embodiment.
  • the setpoint is determined using the setpoint pressure.
  • the setpoint is determined using a difference between the setpoint pressure and the smoothed actual pressure.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détection d'une fuite de gaz d'anode dans au moins une pile à combustible (105), ou dans une région de celle-ci, comprenant une anode (115) et une cathode (120). Le procédé comprend une étape de sortie, une étape d'entrée et une étape de détermination. À l'étape de sortie, un signal d'excitation (140) oscillant avec une valeur cible est délivré à une interface à une soupape de dosage (145) pour mesurer l'hydrogène ((H2) à l'anode (115), le signal d'excitation (140) étant conçu pour générer une pression réelle au niveau de l'anode (115) oscillant avec une pression cible. À l'étape d'entrée, un signal de pression (150) est entré par l'intermédiaire d'une interface dans un capteur de pression (155) pour détecter la pression réelle au niveau de l'anode (115) ou dans la région de celle-ci. À l'étape de détermination, la fuite de gaz d'anode est déterminée en utilisant la pression réelle et/ou le signal d'excitation (140).
PCT/EP2023/052568 2022-03-24 2023-02-02 Procédé et dispositif de détection d'une fuite de gaz d'anode dans au moins une pile à combustible ou dans une région de celle-ci et système de pile à combustible comprenant un dispositif WO2023179947A1 (fr)

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DE102022202913.5A DE102022202913A1 (de) 2022-03-24 2022-03-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen einer Leckage von Anodengas in oder im Bereich zumindest einer Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzellensystem mit einer Vorrichtung
DE102022202913.5 2022-03-24

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10226331A1 (de) * 2002-06-07 2003-12-18 Fuelcon Ag Verfahren und Anordnung zum Testen von Brennstoffzellen
DE102015224333A1 (de) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Anodenintegrität während eines Brennstoffzellenfahrzeugbetriebs

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101293979B1 (ko) 2011-12-21 2013-08-07 현대자동차주식회사 연료전지 스택 내 연료극의 압력 요동 제어방법

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10226331A1 (de) * 2002-06-07 2003-12-18 Fuelcon Ag Verfahren und Anordnung zum Testen von Brennstoffzellen
DE102015224333A1 (de) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Anodenintegrität während eines Brennstoffzellenfahrzeugbetriebs

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