WO2023179674A1 - 风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法、装置、设备及介质 - Google Patents

风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法、装置、设备及介质 Download PDF

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WO2023179674A1
WO2023179674A1 PCT/CN2023/083102 CN2023083102W WO2023179674A1 WO 2023179674 A1 WO2023179674 A1 WO 2023179674A1 CN 2023083102 W CN2023083102 W CN 2023083102W WO 2023179674 A1 WO2023179674 A1 WO 2023179674A1
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power
reactive power
reactive
wind turbine
active power
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PCT/CN2023/083102
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴昊
任鑫
王�华
李邦兴
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中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2023179674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023179674A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular to reactive power control optimization methods, devices, equipment and media for wind farms considering active power regulation.
  • wind farms active support technology for grid voltage has become a matter of widespread concern in the power generation and transmission industries.
  • the voltage at the grid-connected point of a wind farm is mainly affected by reactive power. Severe voltage fluctuations can easily cause large-scale wind turbine off-grid accidents, threaten the safety of wind farms, and have a strong impact on the power grid.
  • wind farms are generally equipped with centralized reactive power equipment such as Static Var Compensator (SVC) or Static Var Generator (SVG) to provide reactive power.
  • SVC Static Var Compensator
  • SVG Static Var Generator
  • centralized reactive power equipment can only provide reactive power to the grid connection point. The voltage of each node within the wind farm cannot be effectively controlled.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide reactive power control optimization methods, devices, equipment and media for wind farms that consider active power regulation, so as to improve the problem of limited reactive power regulation capabilities of wind turbines.
  • a reactive power control optimization method considering active power regulation in a wind farm including:
  • the objective function is constructed using the grid connection point voltage deviation, wind turbine terminal voltage deviation, line power loss and active power loss;
  • the constraints include equivalent power flow model constraints determined based on the equivalent power flow model, voltage constraints, wind turbine active power constraints determined based on the real-time active power of the wind turbine, real-time active power determination based on the wind turbine
  • the optimal solution when minimizing the objective function is obtained, thereby obtaining the optimal reactive power of the centralized reactive power equipment, as well as the optimal active power and optimal reactive power of each wind turbine. power;
  • Active power control and reactive power control are performed on the centralized reactive equipment and each wind turbine based on the optimal reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment, the optimal active power and the optimal reactive power of each wind turbine.
  • the objective function constructed using the voltage deviation of the grid connection point, the voltage deviation of the wind turbine terminal, the line power loss and the active power loss includes: based on the absolute value of the difference between the grid connection point voltage and the grid connection point reference voltage.
  • the equivalent power flow model constraints determined based on the equivalent power flow model include: converting the equivalent power flow model into a solvable second-order cone through a second-order cone relaxation method. constraints, and then based on the power balance relationship, the inflow value and outflow value of active/reactive power at each node are equal, thereby obtaining the equivalent power flow model constraint conditions.
  • the voltage constraint conditions include a grid-connection point voltage constraint condition and a terminal voltage constraint condition; the grid-connection point voltage constraint condition is that the grid-connection point voltage is controlled within a first voltage range; and the terminal voltage constraint condition is The voltage constraint condition is that the terminal voltage is controlled within the second voltage range.
  • the reactive power constraints of centralized reactive equipment with determined power capacity and the reactive power distribution constraints determined based on the reactive output target value include: obtaining the real-time active power of each wind turbine and controlling each wind turbine.
  • the target active power of the fan is less than or equal to the real-time active power of the corresponding fan, and the fan active power constraint conditions are obtained; the maximum and minimum values of the fan reactive power are obtained, and the fan reactive power is controlled to be at the maximum value of the fan reactive power.
  • the reactive power constraint conditions of the wind turbine are obtained; the maximum value and minimum value of the reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment are obtained, and the reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment is controlled to be in the centralized Between the maximum value and the minimum value of the reactive power of the reactive equipment, the reactive power constraint conditions of the centralized reactive equipment are obtained; such that the reactive power of the wind turbine and the reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment are The sum is equal to the reactive power output target value, and the reactive power distribution constraint condition is obtained.
  • a reactive power control optimization device for wind farms considering active power regulation including:
  • the power flow model processing module is used to obtain the admittance matrix between each node of the wind farm, and build an equivalent power flow model based on the admittance matrix;
  • the power processing module is used to obtain the reactive power output target value of the wind farm and the reactive power capacity of the centralized reactive power equipment;
  • the objective function processing module is used to construct the objective function using the grid connection point voltage deviation, wind turbine terminal voltage deviation, line power loss and active power loss;
  • the constraint processing module is used to construct constraint conditions.
  • the constraint conditions include equivalent power flow model constraints determined based on the equivalent power flow model, voltage constraints, wind turbine active power constraints determined based on the real-time active power of the wind turbine, and wind turbine active power constraints determined based on the equivalent power flow model.
  • the wind turbine reactive power constraint conditions determined based on the wind turbine real-time active power, the reactive power constraint conditions of the centralized reactive power equipment determined based on the reactive power capacity of the centralized reactive power equipment, and the reactive power output target value determined based on the Reactive power allocation constraints;
  • Optimization calculation module used to obtain the optimal solution when minimizing the objective function when the constraint conditions are satisfied, thereby obtaining the optimal reactive power of the centralized reactive power equipment and the optimal active power of each wind turbine. power and optimal reactive power;
  • a control module configured to perform active power control and control on the centralized reactive equipment and each wind turbine based on the optimal reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment, the optimal active power and the optimal reactive power of each wind turbine. Reactive power control.
  • the optimization function processing module is specifically used to: obtain the grid-connection point voltage deviation based on the absolute value of the difference between the grid-connection point voltage and the grid-connection point reference voltage; based on the terminal voltage of each wind turbine and the corresponding The reference voltage is used to obtain the wind turbine terminal voltage deviation; the line power loss is obtained based on the voltage of any two nodes, the voltage declination angle and the corresponding admittance; the active power loss is obtained based on the absolute value of the change in the active power of each wind turbine; the wind turbine is The terminal voltage deviation, the line power loss and the active power loss are multiplied by corresponding weighting coefficients respectively, and the sum of each product result and the grid connection point voltage deviation is used as the objective function.
  • the constraint processing module includes: a power flow constraint unit for converting the equivalent power flow model into a solvable second-order cone constraint through a second-order cone relaxation method, and then based on the power The balanced relationship makes the inflow and outflow values of active/reactive power at each node equal, thereby obtaining the equivalent power flow model constraints; the voltage constraint unit is used to obtain the voltage constraints based on the grid connection point voltage constraints and terminal voltage constraints.
  • the grid-connection point voltage constraint condition is that the grid-connection point voltage is controlled within a first voltage range
  • the terminal voltage constraint condition is that the terminal voltage is controlled within a second voltage range
  • a power constraint unit is used to obtain each The real-time active power of the wind turbine is controlled to be less than or equal to the real-time active power of the corresponding wind turbine, and the active power constraint conditions are obtained; the maximum and minimum values of the reactive power of the wind turbine group are obtained, and the target active power of each wind turbine is controlled to be less than or equal to the real-time active power of the corresponding wind turbine.
  • the target reactive power of the wind turbine is between the maximum and minimum reactive power of the wind turbine unit, and the reactive power constraint conditions of the wind turbine are obtained; the maximum and minimum reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment are obtained , control the reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment to be between the maximum value and the minimum value of the reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment, and obtain the reactive power constraints of the centralized reactive equipment; such that the The sum of the reactive power of the wind turbine unit and the reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment is equal to the reactive output target value, and the reactive power distribution constraint is obtained.
  • an electronic device including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores information that can be processed by the at least one processor.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute the provisions of the first embodiment of the present application.
  • the wind farm considers the reactive power control optimization method of active power regulation.
  • a computer program product including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the wind farm consideration of active power adjustment proposed in the first embodiment of the present application. Reactive power control optimization method.
  • an equivalent power flow model is constructed by obtaining the admittance matrix between each node of the wind farm; the target reactive power output value of the wind farm, the reactive power capacity of the centralized reactive power equipment, the wind The reactive power capacity of the unit; the objective function is constructed using the voltage deviation of the grid connection point, the voltage deviation of the wind turbine end, the line power loss and the active power loss; the constraints are constructed, and the constraints include equivalent power flow model constraints, voltage constraints, and active power constraints. , the wind turbine reactive power constraint, the reactive power constraint of centralized reactive equipment, and the reactive power distribution constraint; when the constraint conditions are met, the maximum value of the centralized reactive equipment when the objective function is minimized is obtained.
  • minimizing the wind farm voltage deviation, line power loss, and wind turbine active power loss is the objective function, and the power flow equation, reactive power adjustment range, active power adjustment range, and voltage adjustment range are used as constraints.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic flow chart of the reactive power control optimization method for wind farms considering active power regulation provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 shows the reactive power-fan active power relationship diagram on the stator side of the doubly-fed fan provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 shows the reactive power-wind turbine active power relationship diagram of the doubly-fed wind turbine grid-side converter provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 4 shows the direct-drive fan reactive power-fan active power relationship diagram provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 5 shows a structural block diagram of the first reactive power control optimization device for wind farms considering active power regulation provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 6 shows a structural block diagram of a second reactive power control optimization device for wind farms considering active power regulation provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an electronic device used to implement the reactive power control optimization method of a wind farm considering active power regulation according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • references to the terms “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “an example,” “specific examples,” or “some examples” or the like means that specific features are described in connection with the embodiment or example. , structures, materials or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification unless they are inconsistent with each other.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • plurality means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used in this application refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic flowchart of a reactive power control optimization method for a wind farm that considers active power regulation provided by an embodiment of the present application. Specifically, the wind farm considers the reactive power control optimization method of active power regulation, including:
  • the nodes may be, but are not limited to, load nodes and generator nodes in the wind farm.
  • a wind farm has multiple nodes.
  • the admittance matrix between nodes is a parameter matrix that uses the voltage between nodes to represent the current between nodes.
  • the admittance matrix can be directly obtained from the grid parameter list in the wind farm system, or can be calculated based on the voltage and power at the node collected in real time.
  • step S101 after obtaining the admittance matrix between each node of the wind farm, an equivalent power flow model is constructed based on the admittance matrix.
  • the equivalent power flow model is a mathematical model of the power system power flow calculation problem, which is used to express the relationship between parameters.
  • Power system power flow calculation is the most basic calculation and the most important calculation of the power system. Power flow calculation is to know the wiring method, parameters and operating conditions of the power grid, and calculate the voltage of each busbar, the current and power of each branch and the network loss in the steady-state operation of the power system. For a running power system, power flow calculation can be used to determine whether the grid bus voltage, branch current and power exceed the limit. If so, measures should be taken to adjust the operating mode.
  • the equivalent power flow model can be a power flow equation represented by polar coordinates, and the constructed equivalent power flow model satisfies:
  • U p represents the voltage of node p
  • U q represents the voltage of node q
  • G pq represents the conductance between node p and node q
  • B pq represents the susceptance between node p and node q
  • ⁇ mn represents the node p and the voltage declination angle between node q.
  • the reactive power output target value Q ref of the wind farm can be obtained from the automatic voltage control system (Automatic Voltage Control, AVC) according to the power grid dispatching instruction.
  • the reactive power output target value Q ref of the wind farm can be used as the total reactive power output target value of the wind turbine generator and centralized reactive power equipment.
  • the centralized reactive power equipment may be a reactive power compensator (Static Var Compensator, SVC) or a static reactive power generator (Static Var Generator, SVG).
  • SVC reactive power compensator
  • SVG static reactive power generator
  • the optimization function is the minimized objective function.
  • the objective function can be constructed using the grid connection point voltage deviation, wind turbine terminal voltage deviation, line power loss and active power loss.
  • the objective function is constructed using the grid-connection point voltage deviation, wind turbine terminal voltage deviation, line power loss and active power loss, including: obtaining the grid-connection point voltage deviation based on the absolute value of the difference between the grid-connection point voltage and the grid-connection point reference voltage;
  • the wind turbine terminal voltage deviation is obtained from the terminal voltage of the wind turbine and the corresponding reference voltage;
  • the line power loss is obtained based on the voltage of any two nodes, the voltage declination angle and the corresponding admittance;
  • the active power is obtained based on the absolute value of the change in the active power of each wind turbine Power loss: Multiply the wind turbine terminal voltage deviation, line power loss and active power loss by the corresponding weighting coefficients, and use the sum of each product result and the grid connection point voltage deviation as the objective function.
  • f 1 is the voltage deviation of the grid connection point
  • f 2 is the wind turbine terminal voltage deviation
  • f 3 is the line power loss
  • f 4 is the active power loss
  • ⁇ is the wind turbine terminal voltage deviation weighting coefficient
  • ⁇ is the line power loss weighting coefficient
  • ⁇ is the weighting coefficient for active power loss.
  • the wind turbine terminal voltage deviation weighting coefficient, line power loss weighting coefficient, and active power loss weighting coefficient can be adjusted based on the actual situation.
  • the wind turbine terminal voltage deviation weighting coefficient ⁇ can be in the range of 0.001-10, and the line power loss weighting coefficient ⁇ can be in the range It can be 0.001-10, and the active power loss weighting coefficient ⁇ can be in the range 0.001-10.
  • the grid-connection point voltage deviation f 1 satisfies:
  • U pcc is the wind farm PCC grid connection point voltage
  • U r is the wind farm PCC grid connection point reference voltage
  • the fan terminal voltage deviation f 2 satisfies:
  • U (i,j) is the terminal voltage of the j-th wind turbine on the i-th collector line
  • U r(i,j) is the reference voltage of the terminal voltage of the j-th wind turbine on the i-th collector line.
  • the reference voltage U r of the PCC grid connection point of the wind farm and the reference voltage U r(i,j) of the terminal voltage of the j th wind turbine on the i th collector line can be obtained from the equipment parameters in the wind farm system.
  • the line power loss (that is, the active power loss on each branch) f 3 satisfies:
  • the change amount of the active power of each wind turbine is the difference between the reduced active power of the wind turbine and the active power of the wind turbine before reduction.
  • the active power of the wind turbine before reduction is the active power of the wind turbine obtained in real time, which is also called the real-time active power of the wind turbine.
  • the reduced active power of the wind turbine is the controlled active power of the wind turbine, also known as the target active power of the wind turbine. Then the active power loss f 4 satisfies:
  • P n (i, j) is the active power of the wind turbine before reduction
  • P (i, j) is the active power of the wind turbine after reduction
  • the constraint conditions include the equivalent power flow model constraint conditions, the voltage constraint conditions determined based on the equivalent power flow model, the wind turbine active power constraint conditions determined based on the real-time active power of the wind turbine, and the wind turbine reactive power determined based on the real-time active power of the wind turbine. Constraints, reactive power constraints of centralized reactive equipment determined based on the reactive capacity of centralized reactive equipment, and reactive power allocation constraints determined based on the reactive output target value.
  • the equivalent power flow model constraints determined based on the equivalent power flow model in step S105 include: converting the equivalent power flow model into solvable second-order cone constraints through the second-order cone relaxation method, and then according to the power The balanced relationship makes the inflow and outflow values of active/reactive power at each node equal, thereby obtaining the equivalent power flow model constraints.
  • the equivalent power flow model in step S101 is used as a polar coordinate power flow equation constraint.
  • the power flow equation constraint is non-convex, it needs to be converted into a solvable second-order cone constraint through the second-order cone relaxation method; and then according to the power
  • the balance relationship makes the active input value and output value of each node of the wind farm equal, and the reactive input value and output value equal, and the node power balance equation is obtained.
  • the voltage constraint conditions in step S105 include the grid-connection point voltage constraint condition and the terminal voltage constraint condition; the grid-connection point voltage constraint condition is that the grid-connection point voltage is controlled within the first voltage range; the terminal voltage constraint condition is that the terminal voltage is controlled within the second voltage range. If the grid-connection point voltage, terminal voltage and corresponding voltage range are expressed in unit per unit, then the first voltage range can be (0.97, 1.07), for example, that is, the grid-connection point voltage U pcc is controlled to 0.97 ⁇ U pcc ⁇ 1.07.
  • the second voltage range may be, for example, (0.9, 1.1), that is, the terminal voltage of the wind turbine is controlled to be 0.9 ⁇ U (i, j) ⁇ 1.1.
  • the wind turbine active power constraint conditions determined based on the real-time active power of the wind turbine the wind turbine reactive power constraint conditions determined based on the real-time active power of the wind turbine, and the centralized reactive power capacity determination based on centralized reactive equipment in step S105
  • the reactive power constraints of the reactive power equipment and the reactive power distribution constraints determined based on the reactive output target value include: obtaining the real-time active power of each wind turbine and controlling the target active power of each wind turbine to be less than or equal to the corresponding wind turbine.
  • the real-time active power of the wind turbine is obtained, and the constraint conditions for the active power of the wind turbine are obtained; the maximum and minimum values of the reactive power of the wind turbine are obtained, and the reactive power of the wind turbine is controlled between the maximum and minimum values of the reactive power of the wind turbine, and the constraint conditions for the reactive power of the wind turbine are obtained. ; Obtain the maximum and minimum reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment, control the reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment to be between the maximum and minimum reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment, and obtain the centralized reactive power.
  • the reactive power constraint conditions of reactive power equipment make the reactive power capacity of the wind turbine (i.e., the reactive power output of the wind turbine) and the reactive power capacity of the centralized reactive power equipment (i.e., the output of the centralized reactive power equipment) equal to the reactive power output target value, and obtain the reactive power output. Power allocation constraints.
  • the real-time active power P n(i,j) of each wind turbine is obtained, and the constraint condition of the active power of the wind turbine is: 0 ⁇ P (i, j) ⁇ P n (i, j) .
  • wind turbine reactive power constraints are as follows:
  • Fans can choose from commonly used doubly-fed fans and direct-drive fans.
  • the reactive power of doubly-fed fans includes stator-side reactive power and grid-side converter reactive power.
  • stator side voltage, maximum self-transfer current, and slip ratio are obtained in real time, and the stator side reactance, excitation reactance, and converter capacity are obtained, and then calculated based on the target active power of the wind turbine.
  • the maximum and minimum values of the stator side reactive power, the maximum value Q smax and the minimum value Q smin of the stator side reactive power are calculated as follows:
  • Figure 2 shows the reactive power-fan active power relationship diagram of the stator side of the doubly-fed fan provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, when P (i, j) is 0,
  • U s is the stator side voltage
  • X s is the stator side reactance
  • converter capacity is the converter capacity
  • the minimum value (1- ⁇ )(Q smin +Q cmin ) and maximum value (1- ⁇ )(Q smax +Q cmax ) of the reactive power of the doubly-fed fan, that is, the reactive power capacity of the doubly-fed fan is ((1 - ⁇ )(Q smin +Q cmin ),(1- ⁇ )(Q smax +Q cmax )).
  • ⁇ is the reactive power margin of the wind farm unit.
  • the reactive power constraint condition of the wind turbine i.e., the adjustment range of the reactive power Q (i, j) of the doubly-fed wind turbine
  • the reactive power constraint condition of the wind turbine is: (1- ⁇ )(Q smax +Q cmax ) ⁇ Q (i,j) ⁇ (1- ⁇ )(Q smin +Q cmin ).
  • the converter capacity is obtained based on the target active power of the wind turbine and combined with the obtained reactive power margin of the wind farm unit, the maximum value of the reactive power is calculated. and minimum value That is, the reactive power capacity of the direct drive fan is
  • Figure 4 shows the direct-drive fan reactive power-fan active power relationship diagram provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, when P (i, j) is 0, the maximum reactive power value of the direct-drive fan is S n and the minimum value of reactive power is -S n . At this time, the reactive capacity of the direct drive fan is -(1- ⁇ )S n ⁇ Q (i,j) ⁇ (1- ⁇ )S n .
  • the fan reactive power constraint i.e., the adjustment range of the reactive power Qi ,j of the direct-drive fan
  • the reactive power constraints of the centralized reactive equipment are:
  • the reactive power allocation constraints are:
  • step S106 the optimization function is solved to obtain the optimal value of the control variable.
  • the control variables are the reactive power of centralized reactive equipment, the active power and reactive power of each wind turbine.
  • the optimal solution when minimizing the objective function is obtained, thereby obtaining the optimal reactive power Q SVG of the centralized reactive power equipment, and the optimal active power P (i,j) and Optimal reactive power Q (i,j) .
  • the optimal active power of the wind turbine is the optimal value of the target active power of the wind turbine in the objective function.
  • S107 Send the optimal reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment to the centralized reactive equipment, and send the optimal active power and optimal reactive power of each wind turbine to each wind turbine.
  • step S107 active power control and reactive power control are performed on the centralized reactive equipment and each wind turbine based on the optimal reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment, the optimal active power and the optimal reactive power of each wind turbine. . That is to say, the optimal Q SVG is issued to the centralized reactive power equipment, and the optimal active power P (i,j) and the optimal reactive power Q (i,j) are issued to each wind turbine. Active and reactive values are used to output power.
  • an equivalent power flow model is constructed by obtaining the admittance matrix between each node of the wind farm; the reactive power output target value of the wind farm and the centralized reactive power flow model are determined.
  • this application fully exploits the reactive power adjustment capability of the wind turbine itself, and combines the active power-reactive power relationship of the wind turbine to minimize the wind farm voltage deviation (including the wind farm grid connection point voltage deviation and all wind turbine terminal voltage deviations) , line power loss, and active power loss of all wind turbines as objective functions for multi-objective optimization, through the power flow method
  • the process, wind turbine reactive power adjustment range, SVC/SVG reactive power adjustment range, wind turbine active power adjustment range, grid connection point voltage adjustment range and wind turbine terminal voltage adjustment range are the constraints.
  • the wind farm When the wind farm is required to provide larger reactive power output, it can be appropriately Reducing the active power of the wind turbine to expand its reactive power regulation capability (that is, appropriately reducing the active power of the wind turbine to actively support the power grid) effectively solves the problem of limited reactive power regulation capabilities of the wind turbine.
  • Figure 5 shows a structural block diagram of a first reactive power control optimization device for a wind farm that considers active power regulation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the reactive power control optimization device for a wind farm that considers active power regulation can be configured through software and hardware. Or a combination of the two can be implemented as all or part of the system.
  • the reactive power control optimization device 10 of the wind farm of the present application that considers active power regulation may be simply called the control optimization device 10 .
  • the reactive power control optimization device 10 of the wind farm considering active power regulation includes a power flow model processing module 11, a power processing module 12, an objective function processing module 13, a constraint processing module 14, an optimization calculation module 15 and a control module 16, wherein:
  • the power flow model processing module 11 is used to obtain the admittance matrix between each node of the wind farm, and build an equivalent power flow model based on the admittance matrix;
  • the power processing module 12 is used to obtain the reactive power output target value of the wind farm
  • the objective function processing module 13 is used to construct an objective function using the voltage deviation of the grid connection point, the voltage deviation of the wind turbine terminal, the line power loss and the active power loss;
  • the constraint processing module 14 is used to construct constraints.
  • the constraints include equivalent power flow model constraints determined based on the equivalent power flow model, voltage constraints, wind turbine active power constraints determined based on the wind turbine real-time active power, and wind turbine real-time active power constraints.
  • the reactive power constraints of wind turbines determined by power, the reactive power constraints of centralized reactive equipment determined based on the reactive capacity of centralized reactive equipment, and the reactive power distribution constraints determined based on the reactive output target value;
  • the optimization calculation module 15 is used to obtain the optimal solution when minimizing the objective function when the constraint conditions are met, thereby obtaining the optimal reactive power of the centralized reactive power equipment, the optimal active power and the optimal active power of each wind turbine. Excellent reactive power;
  • the control module 16 is used to perform active power control and reactive power control on the centralized reactive equipment and each wind turbine based on the optimal reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment, the optimal active power and the optimal reactive power of each wind turbine.
  • the optimization function processing module 13 is specifically used to: obtain the grid-connection point voltage deviation based on the absolute value of the difference between the grid-connection point voltage and the grid-connection point reference voltage; obtain the wind turbine terminal voltage based on the terminal voltage of each wind turbine and the corresponding reference voltage. deviation; obtain the line power loss based on the voltage, voltage declination angle and corresponding admittance of any two nodes; obtain the active power loss based on the absolute value of the change in the active power of each wind turbine; combine the wind turbine terminal voltage deviation, line power loss and The active power loss is multiplied by the corresponding weighting coefficient respectively, and the sum of each product result and the voltage deviation of the grid connection point is used as the objective function.
  • Figure 6 shows a structural block diagram of a second reactive power control optimization device for a wind farm that considers active power regulation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the constraint processing module 14 also includes a power flow constraint unit 141, a voltage constraint unit 142 and a power constraint unit 143, where:
  • the power flow constraint unit 141 is used to convert the equivalent power flow model into a solvable second-order cone constraint through the second-order cone relaxation method, and then make the active/reactive power inflow and outflow values of each node equal according to the power balance relationship, Thus, the equivalent power flow model constraints are obtained;
  • the voltage constraint unit 142 is used to obtain the voltage constraint condition based on the grid-connection point voltage constraint condition and the terminal voltage constraint condition;
  • the grid-connection point voltage constraint condition is that the grid-connection point voltage is controlled within the first voltage range;
  • the terminal voltage constraint condition is that the terminal voltage is controlled within the first voltage range Within two voltage ranges;
  • the power constraint unit 143 is used to obtain the real-time active power of each wind turbine, control the target active power of each wind turbine to be less than or equal to the real-time active power of the corresponding wind turbine, and obtain the wind turbine active power constraint conditions; obtain the maximum and minimum values of the wind turbine reactive power, Control the reactive power of the fan to be between the maximum and minimum reactive power of the fan, and obtain the constraint conditions for the reactive power of the fan; obtain the maximum and minimum reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment, and control the centralized reactive equipment.
  • the reactive power of is between the maximum value and the minimum value of the reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment, and the reactive power constraints of the centralized reactive equipment are obtained; such that the reactive power of the wind turbine and the reactive power of the centralized reactive equipment are The power sum is equal to the reactive power output target value, and the reactive power distribution constraints are obtained.
  • the reactive power control optimization device for wind farms considering active power adjustment performs the reactive power control optimization method for wind farms considering active power adjustment
  • only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example for practical application.
  • the above function allocation can be completed by different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the electronic device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.
  • the reactive power control optimization device for wind farms considering active power regulation provided by the above embodiments and the reactive power control optimization method for wind farms considering active power regulation are of the same concept. The details of the implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be described again here. .
  • the reactive power control optimization device considers active power regulation.
  • the power flow model processing module constructs an equivalent power flow model by obtaining the admittance matrix between each node of the wind farm; the power processing module determines the reactive power output of the wind farm.
  • Target value reactive power capacity of centralized reactive power equipment
  • the objective function processing module uses the grid point voltage deviation, wind turbine terminal voltage deviation, line power loss and active power loss to construct the objective function
  • the constraint processing module constructs constraint conditions, and the constraint conditions include Equivalent power flow model constraints, voltage constraints, wind turbine active power constraints, wind turbine reactive power constraints, reactive power constraints of centralized reactive power equipment, and reactive power distribution constraints
  • the optimization calculation module is based on the constraints If satisfied, obtain the optimal reactive power of the centralized reactive power equipment when the objective function is minimized, as well as the optimal active power and optimal reactive power of each wind turbine
  • the control module is based on the optimal reactive power of the centralized reactive power equipment.
  • Reactive power, optimal active power and optimal reactive power of each wind turbine perform active power control and reactive power control on centralized reactive power equipment and each wind turbine.
  • this application fully exploits the reactive power adjustment capability of the wind turbine itself, and combines the active power-reactive power relationship of the wind turbine to minimize the wind farm voltage deviation (including the wind farm grid connection point voltage deviation and all wind turbine terminal voltage deviations) , line power loss, and all wind turbine active power losses as the objective function for multi-objective optimization, through the power flow equation, wind turbine reactive power adjustment range, SVC/SVG reactive power adjustment range, wind turbine active power adjustment range, grid connection point voltage adjustment range and wind turbine terminal voltage
  • the adjustment range is a constraint
  • the active power of the wind turbine can be appropriately reduced to expand its reactive power regulation capability (that is, the active power of the wind turbine can be appropriately reduced to actively support the power grid), effectively solving the problem of the reactive power regulation capability of the wind turbine being limited.
  • the problem of limitations are examples of the active power of the wind turbine can be appropriately reduced to expand its reactive power regulation capability
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium and a computer program product.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an electronic device used to implement the reactive power control optimization method of a wind farm considering active power regulation according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Electronic devices are intended to refer to various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. Electronic devices may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular telephones, smart phones, wearable electronic devices, and other similar computing devices.
  • the components, connections and relationships of components, and functions of components shown herein are examples only and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present application as described and/or claimed in this application.
  • the electronic device 20 includes a computing unit 21 that can perform calculations according to a computer program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 22 or loaded from a storage unit 28 into a random access memory (RAM) 23 . Perform various appropriate actions and processing.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 20 can also be stored.
  • Computing unit 21, ROM 22 and RAM 23 are connected to each other via bus 24.
  • An input/output (I/O) interface 25 is also connected to bus 24 .
  • the I/O interface 25 Multiple components in the electronic device 20 are connected to the I/O interface 25, including: an input unit 26, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 27, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 28, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc. etc., the storage unit 28 is communicatively connected with the computing unit 21; and the communication unit 29, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc.
  • the communication unit 29 allows the electronic device 20 to exchange information/data with other electronic devices through a computer network such as the Internet and/or various telecommunications networks.
  • Computing unit 21 may be a variety of general and/or special purpose processing components having processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 21 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various dedicated artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, digital signal processing processor (DSP), and any appropriate processor, controller, microcontroller, etc.
  • the computing unit 21 executes each method and process described above, for example, executes a reactive power control optimization method that considers active power regulation of the wind farm.
  • the reactive power control optimization method of a wind farm considering active power regulation may be implemented as a computer software program, which is tangibly included in a machine-readable medium, such as the storage unit 28 .
  • part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed onto the electronic device 20 via the ROM 22 and/or the communication unit 29.
  • the computer program When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 23 and executed by the computing unit 21, one or more steps of the above-described reactive power control optimization method for wind farms considering active power regulation may be performed.
  • the computing unit 21 may be configured in any other suitable manner (for example, by means of firmware) to perform a reactive power control optimization method that takes into account active power regulation of the wind farm.
  • Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above in this application may be implemented on digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), chips Implemented in a system of systems (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof.
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • ASSPs application specific standard products
  • SOCs system of systems
  • CPLDs load programmable logic devices
  • computer hardware firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof.
  • Various embodiments may To include: implemented in one or more computer programs executable and/or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special purpose or general purpose
  • the programmable processor can receive data and instructions from the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device, and transmit the data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.
  • Program code for implementing the methods of the present application may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams/ The operation is implemented.
  • the program code may execute entirely on the machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
  • a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or electronic device.
  • the machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium.
  • Machine-readable media may include, but are not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or electronic devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • machine-readable storage media would include one or more wire-based electrical connections, laptop disks, hard drives, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optics, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage electronics, magnetic storage electronics, or any suitable combination of the above.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • EPROM or flash memory erasable programmable read only memory
  • CD-ROM portable compact disk read-only memory
  • optical storage electronics magnetic storage electronics, or any suitable combination of the above.
  • the systems and techniques described herein may be implemented on a computer having a display device (eg, a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user ); and a keyboard and pointing device (eg, a mouse or a trackball) through which a user can provide input to the computer.
  • a display device eg, a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor
  • a keyboard and pointing device eg, a mouse or a trackball
  • Other kinds of devices may also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and may be provided in any form, including Acoustic input, voice input or tactile input) to receive input from the user.
  • the systems and techniques described herein may be implemented in a computing system that includes back-end components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes front-end components (e.g., A user's computer having a graphical user interface or web browser through which the user can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or including such backend components, middleware components, or any combination of front-end components in a computing system.
  • the components of the system may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (eg, a communications network). Examples of communication networks include: local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), the Internet, and blockchain networks.
  • Computer systems may include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally remote from each other and typically interact over a communications network. The relationship of client and server is created by computer programs running on corresponding computers and having a client-server relationship with each other.
  • the server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host. It is a host in the cloud computing service system. product to solve the shortcomings of difficult management and weak business scalability in traditional physical hosts and VPS services ("Virtual Private Server", or "VPS" for short).
  • the server can also be a distributed system server or a server combined with a blockchain.

Abstract

本申请提出一种风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法、装置、设备及介质，该方法包括：构建等值潮流模型；确定风电场的无功出力目标值、集中式无功设备的无功容量；利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数；构造约束条件，约束条件包括等值潮流模型约束条件、电压约束条件、风机有功功率约束条件、风机无功功率约束条件、集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、无功功率分配约束条件；在约束条件满足的情况下，获取目标函数最小化时的集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、以及各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率，进而对集中式无功设备和各风机进行控制。

Description

风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法、装置、设备及介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年3月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210307258.0、发明名称为“风电场有功控制和无功控制的优化方法和装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及风力发电技术领域，尤其涉及风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法、装置、设备及介质。
背景技术
随着风电场的并网以及规模不断扩大，风电场对于电网电压的主动支撑技术成为发电行业和输电行业广泛关注的问题。风电场并网点电压主要受到无功功率影响，电压波动严重时容易引起大规模风机脱网事故，威胁风电场安全，并对电网产生强烈冲击。目前风电场普遍配置静止无功补偿器SVC(Static Var Compensator)或静止无功发生器SVG(Static Var Generator)等集中式无功设备提供无功功率，但集中式无功设备只能对并网点电压进行控制，无法对风电场内部各节点电压进行有效控制。
目前有研究利用风机自身的无功调节能力，结合集中式无功设备，进行风电场内部的无功优化控制，从而有效控制风电场内部各节点电压。然而，这些方法中风电场通过无功控制以满足并网点电压的稳定性要求，例如主要通过静止无功补偿器(SVC)、静止无功发生器(SVG)和风机无功调节，并未考虑风机有功输出对于其自身无功调节能力的影响。风机自身的无功调节范围与其当前输出的有功功率有直接联系，有功功率输出越大，风机无功调节范围越小。传统风机通常维持在最大功率点运行，风机无功调节能力受到限制，当电压波动较大时，尤其是在风电场故障期间，不能充分发挥风机自身的无功调节能力。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法、装置、设备及介质，以能够改善风机无功调节能力受到限制的问题。
根据本申请的第一方面实施例，提供了一种风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法，包括：
获取风电场的各节点间的导纳矩阵，基于所述导纳矩阵构建等值潮流模型；
获取风电场的无功出力目标值和集中式无功设备的无功容量；
利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数；
构造约束条件，所述约束条件包括基于所述等值潮流模型确定的等值潮流模型约束条件、电压约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机有功功率约束条件、基于所述风机实时有功功率确定的风机无功功率约束条件、基于所述集中式无功设备的无功容量确定的集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及基于所述无功出力目标值确定的无功功率分配约束条件；
在所述约束条件满足的情况下，获取所述目标函数最小化时的最优解，从而获得集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、以及各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率；
基于所述集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、所述各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率对所述集中式无功设备和各个风机进行有功控制和无功控制。
在本申请的一个实施例中，所述利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数，包括：基于并网点电压与并网点参考电压的差值的绝对值获得并网点电压偏差；基于各风机的端电压与对应的参考电压获得风机端电压偏差；基于任意两个节点的电压、电压偏角和对应的导纳获得线路功率损耗；基于各风机的有功功率的变化量的绝对值获得有功功率损失；将所述风机端电压偏差、所述线路功率损耗和所述有功功率损失分别与对应的加权系数相乘，利用各乘积结果与所述并网点电压偏差的和作为目标函数。
在本申请的一个实施例中，所述基于所述等值潮流模型确定的等值潮流模型约束条件，包括：通过二阶锥松弛方法将所述等值潮流模型转化成可求解的二阶锥约束，再根据功率平衡关系，使得各节点的有功/无功的流入值与流出值相等，从而获得等值潮流模型约束条件。
在本申请的一个实施例中，所述电压约束条件包括并网点电压约束条件和端电压约束条件；所述并网点电压约束条件为所述并网点电压控制在第一电压范围内；所述端电压约束条件为所述端电压控制在第二电压范围内。
在本申请的一个实施例中，所述基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机有功功率约束条件、基于所述风机实时有功功率确定的风机无功功率约束条件、基于所述集中式无功设备的无功容量确定的集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及基于所述无功出力目标值确定的无功功率分配约束条件，包括：获取各风机的风机实时有功功率，控制所述各风机的目标有功功率小于等于对应风机的风机实时有功功率，得到风机有功功率约束条件；获得所述风机无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制所述风机无功功率处于风机无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到所述风机无功功率约束条件；获得所述集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制所述集中式无功设备的无功功率处于集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到所述集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件；使得所述风机无功功率和所述集中式无功设备的无功功率加和等于所述无功出力目标值，得到所述无功功率分配约束条件。
根据本申请的第二方面实施例，还提供了一种风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置，包括：
潮流模型处理模块，用于获取风电场的各节点间的导纳矩阵，基于所述导纳矩阵构建等值潮流模型；
功率处理模块，用于获取风电场的无功出力目标值和集中式无功设备的无功容量；
目标函数处理模块，用于利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数；
约束条件处理模块，用于构造约束条件，所述约束条件包括基于所述等值潮流模型确定的等值潮流模型约束条件、电压约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机有功功率约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机无功功率约束条件、基于所述集中式无功设备的无功容量确定的集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及基于所述无功出力目标值确定的无功功率分配约束条件；
优化计算模块，用于在所述约束条件满足的情况下，获取所述目标函数最小化时的最优解，从而获得集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、以及各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率；
控制模块，用于基于所述集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、所述各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率对所述集中式无功设备和各个风机进行有功控制和无功控制。
在本申请的一个实施例中，所述优化函数处理模块，具体用于：基于并网点电压与并网点参考电压的差值的绝对值获得并网点电压偏差；基于各风机的端电压与对应的参考电压获得风机端电压偏差；基于任意两个节点的电压、电压偏角和对应的导纳获得线路功率损耗；基于各风机的有功功率的变化量的绝对值获得有功功率损失；将所述风机端电压偏差、所述线路功率损耗和所述有功功率损失分别与对应的加权系数相乘，利用各乘积结果与所述并网点电压偏差的和作为目标函数。
在本申请的一个实施例中，所述约束条件处理模块，包括：潮流约束单元，用于通过二阶锥松弛方法将所述等值潮流模型转化成可求解的二阶锥约束，再根据功率平衡关系，使得各节点的有功/无功的流入值与流出值相等，从而获得等值潮流模型约束条件；电压约束单元，用于基于并网点电压约束条件和端电压约束条件获得所述电压约束条件；所述并网点电压约束条件为所述并网点电压控制在第一电压范围内；所述端电压约束条件为所述端电压控制在第二电压范围内；功率约束单元，用于获取各风机的实时有功功率，控制所述各风机的目标有功功率小于等于对应风机的实时有功功率，得到有功功率约束条件；获得所述风机组的无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制所述各风机的目标无功功率处于风机组的无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到所述风机无功功率约束条件；获得所述集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制所述集中式无功设备的无功功率处于集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到所述集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件；使得所述风机组的无功功率和所述集中式无功设备的无功功率加和等于所述无功出力目标值，得到所述无功功率分配约束条件。
根据本申请的第三方面实施例，还提供了一种电子设备，包括：至少一个处理器；以及与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行本申请的第一方面实施例提出的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法。
根据本申请的第四方面实施例，还提供了一种存储有计算机指令的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质，其中，所述计算机指令用于使所述计算机执行本申请的第一方面实施例提出的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法。
根据本申请的第五方面实施例，还提供了一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序在被处理器执行时实现本申请的第一方面实施例提出的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法。
在本申请一个或多个实施例中，通过获取风电场的各节点间的导纳矩阵构建等值潮流模型；确定风电场的无功出力目标值、集中式无功设备的无功容量、风机组的无功容量；利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数；构造约束条件，约束条件包括等值潮流模型约束条件、电压约束条件、有功功率约束条件、风机无功功率约束条件、集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及无功功率分配约束条件；在约束条件满足的情况下，获取目标函数最小化时的集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、以及各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率；基于集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率对集中式无功设备和各个风机进行有功控制和无功控制。在这种情况下，以最小化风电场电压偏差、线路功率损耗、风机有功功率损失为目标函数，通过潮流方程、无功调节范围、有功调节范围、电压调节范围为约束条件，当需要风电场提供较大无功输出时，能够适当降低风机有功功率以扩大其无功调节能力，有效地解决了风机无功调节能力受到限制的问题。
本申请附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1示出本申请实施例提供的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法的流程示意图；
图2示出本申请实施例提供的双馈风机定子侧无功-风机有功关系图；
图3示出本申请实施例提供的双馈风机网侧变流器无功-风机有功关系图；
图4示出本申请实施例提供的直驱风机无功-风机有功关系图；
图5示出本申请实施例提供的第一种风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置的结构框图；
图6示出本申请实施例提供的第二种风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置的结构框图；
图7是用来实现本申请实施例的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法的电子设备的框图。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本申请实施例相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本申请实施例的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。还应当理解，本申请中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在风力发电技术中，风电场对于电网电压的主动支撑技术成为发电行业和输电行业广泛关注的问题。目前有研究利用风机自身的无功调节能力，结合集中式无功设备(集中式无功设备一般是无功补偿器(Static Var Compensator，SVC)或静止无功发生器(Static Var Generator，SVG))，进行风电场内部的无功优化控制，从而有效控制风电场内部各节点电压。然而，这些方法并未考虑风机有功输出对于其自身无功调节能力的影响。风机自身的无功调节范围与其当前输出的有功功率有直接联系，有功功率输出越大，风机无功调节范围越小。传统风机通常维持在最大功率点运行，风机无功调节能力受到限制，当电压波动较大时，尤其是在风电场故障期间，不能充分发挥风机自身的无功调节能力。
在第一个实施例中，如图1所示，图1示出本申请实施例提供的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法的流程示意图。具体地，该风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法，包括：
S101，获取风电场节点间的导纳矩阵。
易于理解地，节点可以是但不限于风电场中负荷节点和发电机节点。一个风电场的节点数量为多个。节点间的导纳矩阵是用节点间的电压表示节点间电流的参量矩阵。
在步骤S101中，导纳矩阵可以从风电场系统中的电网参数清单中直接获取，也可以基于实时采集的节点处的电压和功率计算得到。
在步骤S101中，在获取风电场的各节点间的导纳矩阵后，基于导纳矩阵构建等值潮流模型。易于理解地，等值潮流模型是电力系统潮流计算问题的数学模型，用于表示参数间的关系。电力系统潮流计算是电力系统最基本的计算，也是最重要的计算。潮流计算是已知电网的接线方式与参数及运行条件，计算电力系统稳态运行各母线电压、各支路电流与功率及网损。对于正在运行的电力系统，通过潮流计算可以判断电网母线电压、支路电流和功率是否越限，如果有越限，就应采取措施，调整运行方式。
在步骤S101中，等值潮流模型可以是用极坐标表示的潮流方程，构建的等值潮流模型满足：

式中Up表示节点p的电压，Uq表示节点q的电压，Gpq表示节点p和节点q之间的电导，Bpq表示节点p和节点q之间的电纳，θmn表示节点p和节点q之间的电压偏角。
S102，获取风电场的无功出力目标值。
具体地，在步骤S102中，风电场的无功出力目标值Qref可以根据电网调度指令从自动电压控制系统(Automatic Voltage Control，AVC)中获取。风电场的无功出力目标值Qref可以作为风电机组和集中式无功设备的总无功出力目标值。
S103，获取集中式无功设备的无功容量。
具体地，在步骤S103中，集中式无功设备可以是无功补偿器(Static Var Compensator，SVC)或静止无功发生器(Static Var Generator，SVG)。从集中式无功设备手册中的设备参数中获取集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值从而获得集中式无功设备的无功容量
S104，构造优化函数。
在步骤S104中，优化函数为最小化的目标函数。目标函数可以利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造得到。
具体地，利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数，包括：基于并网点电压与并网点参考电压的差值的绝对值获得并网点电压偏差；基于各风机的端电压与对应的参考电压获得风机端电压偏差；基于任意两个节点的电压、电压偏角和对应的导纳获得线路功率损耗；基于各风机的有功功率的变化量的绝对值获得有功功率损失；将风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失分别与对应的加权系数相乘，利用各乘积结果与并网点电压偏差的和作为目标函数。也即目标函数为：F＝f1+αf2+βf3+γf4，优化函数为：minF＝f1+αf2+βf3+γf4。其中，f1为并网点电压偏差，f2为风机端电压偏差，f3为线路功率损耗，f4为有功功率损失，α为风机端电压偏差加权系数，β为线路功率损耗加权系数，γ为有功功率损失加权系数。其中风机端电压偏差加权系数、线路功率损耗加权系数、有功功率损失加权系数可以基于实际情况进行调节，例如风机端电压偏差加权系数α的范围可以为0.001-10、线路功率损耗加权系数β的范围可以为0.001-10，有功功率损失加权系数γ的范围可以为0.001-10。
并网点电压偏差f1满足：
f1＝|Upcc-Ur|
式中，Upcc为风电场PCC并网点电压，Ur为风电场PCC并网点参考电压。
风机端电压偏差f2满足：
式中，U(i,j)为第i条集电线路上的第j台风机的端电压，Ur(i,j)为第i条集电线路上的第j台风机的端电压的参考电压。集电线路有多条，例如有N条集电线路，风机有多台，例如每条集电线路上有M台风机。其中，风电场PCC并网点参考电压Ur和第i条集电线路上的第j台风机的端电压的参考电压Ur(i,j)可以从风电场系统中的设备参数获得。
线路功率损耗(即各支路上的有功功率损耗)f3满足：
各风机的有功功率的变化量为减少后的风机有功功率与减少前的风机有功功率的差值，其中，减少前的风机有功功率为实时获取的风机有功功率，也称为风机实时有功功率，减少后的风机有功功率为得到控制的风机有功功率，也称为风机目标有功功率，则有功功率损失f4满足：
式中，Pn(i,j)为减少前的风机有功功率，P(i,j)为减少后的风机有功功率。
S105，构造约束条件。
在步骤S105中，约束条件包括基于等值潮流模型确定的等值潮流模型约束条件、电压约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机有功功率约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机无功功率约束条件、基于集中式无功设备的无功容量确定的集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及基于无功出力目标值确定的无功功率分配约束条件。
在本实施例中，步骤S105中的基于等值潮流模型确定的等值潮流模型约束条件，包括：通过二阶锥松弛方法将等值潮流模型转化成可求解的二阶锥约束，再根据功率平衡关系，使得各节点的有功/无功的流入值与流出值相等，从而获得等值潮流模型约束条件。具体地，利用步骤S101中的等值潮流模型，作为极坐标潮流方程约束，由于潮流方程约束是非凸的，需要通过二阶锥松弛方法将其转化成可求解的二阶锥约束；再根据功率平衡关系，使得风电场各节点的有功输入值与输出值相等、无功输入值与输出值相等，得到节点功率平衡方程。
在本实施例中，步骤S105中的电压约束条件包括并网点电压约束条件和端电压约束条件；并网点电压约束条件为并网点电压控制在第一电压范围内；端电压约束条件为端电压控制在第二电压范围内。若并网点电压、端电压和相应的电压范围用标幺值表示，则第一电压范围例如可以为(0.97,1.07)，即将并网点电压Upcc控制0.97<Upcc<1.07。第二电压范围例如可以为(0.9,1.1)，即将风机的端电压控制在0.9<U(i,j)<1.1。
在本实施例中，步骤S105中的基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机有功功率约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机无功功率约束条件、基于集中式无功设备的无功容量确定的集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及基于无功出力目标值确定的无功功率分配约束条件，包括：获取各风机的风机实时有功功率，控制各风机的目标有功功率小于等于对应风机的风机实时有功功率，得到风机有功功率约束条件；获得风机无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制风机无功功率处于风机无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到风机无功功率约束条件；获得集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制集中式无功设备的无功功率处于集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件；使得风机无功容量(即风机无功出力)和集中式无功设备的无功容量(即集中式无功设备出力)等于无功出力目标值，得到无功功率分配约束条件。
在本实施例中，获取各风机的风机实时有功功率Pn(i,j)，则风机有功功率约束条件为：0≤P(i,j)≤Pn(i,j)。
在本实施例中，风机无功功率约束条件如下：
风机可以选择目前常用的双馈风机和直驱风机。对于双馈风机而言，双馈风机的无功功率包括定子侧无功功率和网侧变流器无功功率。
在本实施例中，若风机选择双馈风机，则实时获取定子侧电压、最大转自电流、转差率，并获取定子侧电抗、励磁电抗和变流器容量，然后基于风机目标有功功率计算得到定子侧无功功率的最大值和最小值，定子侧无功功率的最大值Qsmax和最小值Qsmin计算公式如下：

图2示出本申请实施例提供的双馈风机定子侧无功-风机有功关系图，若图2所示，当P(i,j)为0时，
网侧变流器无功功率的最大值Qcmax和最小值Qcmin计算公式如下：

式中，Us为定子侧电压，Xs为定子侧电抗，Xm为励磁电抗，Irmax为最大转自电流，P(i,j)为风机目标有功功率，s为转差率，Sn为变流器容量。
图3示出本申请实施例提供的双馈风机网侧变流器无功-风机有功关系图，若图3所示，当P(i,j)为0时，Qcmax＝Sn，Qcmin＝-Sn。
基于定子侧无功功率的最大值Qsmax和最小值Qsmin和网侧变流器无功功率的最大值Qcmax和最小值Qcmin，并结合获取的风电场机组的无功裕度，得到双馈风机的无功功率的最小值(1-ρ)(Qsmin+Qcmin)和最大值(1-ρ)(Qsmax+Qcmax)，即双馈风机的无功容量为((1-ρ)(Qsmin+Qcmin),(1-ρ)(Qsmax+Qcmax))。其中，ρ为风电场机组的无功裕度。
在本实施例中，若风机为双馈风机，则风机无功功率约束条件(即双馈风机无功功率Q(i,j)的调节范围)为：(1-ρ)(Qsmax+Qcmax)<Q(i,j)<(1-ρ)(Qsmin+Qcmin)。
在本实施例中，若风机选择直驱风机，则基于风机目标有功功率，获取变流器容量并结合获取的风电场机组的无功裕度，计算得到无功功率的最大值和最小值 即直驱风机的无功容量为
图4示出本申请实施例提供的直驱风机无功-风机有功关系图，若图4所示，当P(i,j)为0时，直驱风机的无功功率最大值为Sn和无功功率最小值为-Sn。此时，直驱风机的无功容量为-(1-ρ)Sn<Q(i,j)<(1-ρ)Sn。
在本实施例中，若风机为直驱风机，则风机无功功率约束条件(即直驱风机的无功功率Qi,j的调节范围)为：
在本实施例中，集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件(即集中式无功设备的无功调节范围)为：
在本实施例中，无功功率分配约束条件为：
S106，求解优化函数，得到集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、以及各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率。
具体地，在步骤S106中，求解优化函数得到控制变量的最优值。其中控制变量为集中式无功设备的无功功率、各个风机的有功功率和无功功率。
在约束条件满足的情况下，获取目标函数最小化时的最优解，从而获得集中式无功设备的最优无功功率QSVG、以及各个风机的最优有功功率P(i,j)和最优无功功率Q(i,j)。其中，风机的最优有功功率为目标函数中风机的目标有功功率的最优值。
S107，将集中式无功设备的最优无功功率发给集中式无功设备，将各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率下发给每台风机。
具体地，在步骤S107中，基于集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率对集中式无功设备和各个风机进行有功控制和无功控制。也即将最优QSVG下发给集中式无功设备，将最优有功功率P(i,j)、最优无功功率Q(i,j)下发给每台风机，每台风机按照指定有功、无功值进行出力。
在本申请实施例的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法中，通过获取风电场的各节点间的导纳矩阵构建等值潮流模型；确定风电场的无功出力目标值、集中式无功设备的无功容量、风机实时有功功率；利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数；构造约束条件，约束条件包括等值潮流模型约束条件、电压约束条件、风机有功功率约束条件、风机无功功率约束条件、集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及无功功率分配约束条件；在约束条件满足的情况下，获取目标函数最小化时的集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、以及各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率；基于集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率对集中式无功设备和各个风机进行有功控制和无功控制。在这种情况下，本申请充分挖掘风机自身的无功调节能力，并结合风机有功-无功的关系，以最小化风电场电压偏差(包括风电场并网点电压偏差和所有风机端电压偏差)、线路功率损耗、所有风机有功功率损失为目标函数进行多目标优化，通过潮流方 程、风机无功调节范围、SVC/SVG无功调节范围、风机有功调节范围、并网点电压调节范围和风机端电压调节范围为约束条件，当需要风电场提供较大无功输出时，能够适当降低风机有功功率以扩大其无功调节能力(即适当降低风机有功功率以主动支撑电网)，有效地解决了风机无功调节能力受到限制的问题。
下述为本申请装置实施例，可以用于执行本申请方法实施例。对于本申请装置实施例中未披露的细节，请参照本申请方法实施例。
请参见图5，图5示出本申请实施例提供的第一种风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置的结构框图；该风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置可以通过软件、硬件或者两者的结合实现成为系统的全部或一部分。本申请的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置10可以简称为控制优化装置10。该风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置10包括潮流模型处理模块11、功率处理模块12、目标函数处理模块13、约束条件处理模块14、优化计算模块15和控制模块16，其中：
潮流模型处理模块11，用于获取风电场的各节点间的导纳矩阵，基于导纳矩阵构建等值潮流模型；
功率处理模块12，用于获取风电场的无功出力目标值；
目标函数处理模块13，用于利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数；
约束条件处理模块14，用于构造约束条件，约束条件包括基于等值潮流模型确定的等值潮流模型约束条件、电压约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机有功功率约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机无功功率约束条件、基于集中式无功设备的无功容量确定的集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及基于无功出力目标值确定的无功功率分配约束条件；
优化计算模块15，用于在约束条件满足的情况下，获取目标函数最小化时的最优解，从而获得集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、以及各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率；
控制模块16，用于基于集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率对集中式无功设备和各个风机进行有功控制和无功控制。
可选地，优化函数处理模块13，具体用于：基于并网点电压与并网点参考电压的差值的绝对值获得并网点电压偏差；基于各风机的端电压与对应的参考电压获得风机端电压偏差；基于任意两个节点的电压、电压偏角和对应的导纳获得线路功率损耗；基于各风机的有功功率的变化量的绝对值获得有功功率损失；将风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失分别与对应的加权系数相乘，利用各乘积结果与并网点电压偏差的和作为目标函数。
图6示出本申请实施例提供的第二种风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置的结构框图。
可选地，如图6所示，约束条件处理模块14还包括潮流约束单元141、电压约束单元142和功率约束单元143，其中：
潮流约束单元141，用于通过二阶锥松弛方法将等值潮流模型转化成可求解的二阶锥约束，再根据功率平衡关系，使得各节点的有功/无功的流入值与流出值相等，从而获得等值潮流模型约束条件；
电压约束单元142，用于基于并网点电压约束条件和端电压约束条件获得电压约束条件；并网点电压约束条件为并网点电压控制在第一电压范围内；端电压约束条件为端电压控制在第二电压范围内；
功率约束单元143，用于获取各风机的实时有功功率，控制各风机的目标有功功率小于等于对应风机的实时有功功率，得到风机有功功率约束条件；获得风机无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制风机无功功率处于风机无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到风机无功功率约束条件；获得集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制集中式无功设备的无功功率处于集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件；使得风机无功功率和集中式无功设备的无功功率加和等于无功出力目标值，得到无功功率分配约束条件。
要说明的是，上述实施例提供的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置在执行风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法时，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将电子设备的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。另外，上述实施例提供的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置与风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法实施例属于同一构思，其体现实现过程详见方法实施例，这里不再赘述。
上述本申请实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。
在本申请实施例的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置，潮流模型处理模块通过获取风电场的各节点间的导纳矩阵构建等值潮流模型；功率处理模块确定风电场的无功出力目标值、集中式无功设备的无功容量；目标函数处理模块利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数；约束条件处理模块构造约束条件，约束条件包括等值潮流模型约束条件、电压约束条件、风机有功功率约束条件、风机无功功率约束条件、集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及无功功率分配约束条件；优化计算模块在约束条件满足的情况下，获取目标函数最小化时的集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、以及各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率；控制模块基于集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率对集中式无功设备和各个风机进行有功控制和无功控制。在这种情况下，本申请充分挖掘风机自身的无功调节能力，并结合风机有功-无功的关系，以最小化风电场电压偏差(包括风电场并网点电压偏差和所有风机端电压偏差)、线路功率损耗、所有风机有功功率损失为目标函数进行多目标优化，通过潮流方程、风机无功调节范围、SVC/SVG无功调节范围、风机有功调节范围、并网点电压调节范围和风机端电压调节范围为约束条 件，当需要风电场提供较大无功输出时，能够适当降低风机有功功率以扩大其无功调节能力(即适当降低风机有功功率以主动支撑电网)，有效地解决了风机无功调节能力受到限制的问题。
根据本申请的实施例，本申请还提供了一种电子设备、一种可读存储介质和一种计算机程序产品。
图7是用来实现本申请实施例的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法的电子设备的框图。
电子设备旨在表示各种形式的数字计算机，诸如，膝上型计算机、台式计算机、工作台、个人数字助理、服务器、刀片式服务器、大型计算机、和其它适合的计算机。电子设备还可以表示各种形式的移动装置，诸如，个人数字处理、蜂窝电话、智能电话、可穿戴电子设备和其它类似的计算装置。本申请所示的部件、部件的连接和关系、以及部件的功能仅仅作为示例，并且不意在限制本申请中描述的和/或者要求的本申请的实现。
如图7所示，电子设备20包括计算单元21，其可以根据存储在只读存储器(ROM)22中的计算机程序或者从存储单元28加载到随机访问存储器(RAM)23中的计算机程序，来执行各种适当的动作和处理。在RAM 23中，还可存储电子设备20操作所需的各种程序和数据。计算单元21、ROM 22以及RAM 23通过总线24彼此相连。输入/输出(I/O)接口25也连接至总线24。
电子设备20中的多个部件连接至I/O接口25，包括：输入单元26，例如键盘、鼠标等；输出单元27，例如各种类型的显示器、扬声器等；存储单元28，例如磁盘、光盘等，存储单元28与计算单元21通信连接；以及通信单元29，例如网卡、调制解调器、无线通信收发机等。通信单元29允许电子设备20通过诸如因特网的计算机网络和/或各种电信网络与其他电子设备交换信息/数据。
计算单元21可以是各种具有处理和计算能力的通用和/或专用处理组件。计算单元21的一些示例包括但不限于中央处理单元(CPU)、图形处理单元(GPU)、各种专用的人工智能(AI)计算芯片、各种运行机器学习模型算法的计算单元、数字信号处理器(DSP)、以及任何适当的处理器、控制器、微控制器等。计算单元21执行上述所描述的各个方法和处理，例如执行风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法。例如，在一些实施例中，风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法可被实现为计算机软件程序，其被有形地包含于机器可读介质，例如存储单元28。在一些实施例中，计算机程序的部分或者全部可以经由ROM 22和/或通信单元29而被载入和/或安装到电子设备20上。当计算机程序加载到RAM 23并由计算单元21执行时，可以执行上述描述的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法的一个或多个步骤。备选地，在其他实施例中，计算单元21可以通过其他任何适当的方式(例如，借助于固件)而被配置为执行风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法。
本申请中以上描述的系统和技术的各种实施方式可以在数字电子电路系统、集成电路系统、场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、专用标准产品(ASSP)、芯片上系统的系统(SOC)、负载可编程逻辑电子设备(CPLD)、计算机硬件、固件、软件、和/或它们的组合中实现。这些各种实施方式可 以包括：实施在一个或者多个计算机程序中，该一个或者多个计算机程序可在包括至少一个可编程处理器的可编程系统上执行和/或解释，该可编程处理器可以是专用或者通用可编程处理器，可以从存储系统、至少一个输入装置、和至少一个输出装置接收数据和指令，并且将数据和指令传输至该存储系统、该至少一个输入装置、和该至少一个输出装置。
用于实施本申请的方法的程序代码可以采用一个或多个编程语言的任何组合来编写。这些程序代码可以提供给通用计算机、专用计算机或其他可编程数据处理装置的处理器或控制器，使得程序代码当由处理器或控制器执行时使流程图和/或框图中所规定的功能/操作被实施。程序代码可以完全在机器上执行、部分地在机器上执行，作为独立软件包部分地在机器上执行且部分地在远程机器上执行或完全在远程机器或服务器上执行。
在本申请中，机器可读介质可以是有形的介质，其可以包含或存储以供指令执行系统、装置或电子设备使用或与指令执行系统、装置或电子设备结合地使用的程序。机器可读介质可以是机器可读信号介质或机器可读储存介质。机器可读介质可以包括但不限于电子的、磁性的、光学的、电磁的、红外的、或半导体系统、装置或电子设备，或者上述内容的任何合适组合。机器可读存储介质的更具体示例会包括基于一个或多个线的电气连接、便携式计算机盘、硬盘、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM或快闪存储器)、光纤、便捷式紧凑盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、光学储存电子设备、磁储存电子设备、或上述内容的任何合适组合。
为了提供与用户的交互，可以在计算机上实施此处描述的系统和技术，该计算机具有：用于向用户显示信息的显示装置(例如，CRT(阴极射线管)或者LCD(液晶显示器)监视器)；以及键盘和指向装置(例如，鼠标或者轨迹球)，用户可以通过该键盘和该指向装置来将输入提供给计算机。其它种类的装置还可以用于提供与用户的交互；例如，提供给用户的反馈可以是任何形式的传感反馈(例如，视觉反馈、听觉反馈、或者触觉反馈)；并且可以用任何形式(包括声输入、语音输入或者、触觉输入)来接收来自用户的输入。
可以将此处描述的系统和技术实施在包括后台部件的计算系统(例如，作为数据服务器)、或者包括中间件部件的计算系统(例如，应用服务器)、或者包括前端部件的计算系统(例如，具有图形用户界面或者网络浏览器的用户计算机，用户可以通过该图形用户界面或者该网络浏览器来与此处描述的系统和技术的实施方式交互)、或者包括这种后台部件、中间件部件、或者前端部件的任何组合的计算系统中。可以通过任何形式或者介质的数字数据通信(例如，通信网络)来将系统的部件相互连接。通信网络的示例包括：局域网(LAN)、广域网(WAN)、互联网和区块链网络。
计算机系统可以包括客户端和服务器。客户端和服务器一般远离彼此并且通常通过通信网络进行交互。通过在相应的计算机上运行并且彼此具有客户端-服务器关系的计算机程序来产生客户端和服务器的关系。服务器可以是云服务器，又称为云计算服务器或云主机，是云计算服务体系中的一项主机 产品，以解决了传统物理主机与VPS服务("Virtual Private Server"，或简称"VPS")中，存在的管理难度大，业务扩展性弱的缺陷。服务器也可以为分布式系统的服务器，或者是结合了区块链的服务器。
应该理解，可以使用上面所示的各种形式的流程，重新排序、增加或删除步骤。例如，本发公开中记载的各步骤可以并行地执行也可以顺序地执行也可以不同的次序执行，只要能够实现本申请公开的技术方案所期望的结果，本申请在此不进行限制。
上述具体实施方式，并不构成对本申请保护范围的限制。本领域技术人员应该明白的是，根据设计要求和其他因素，可以进行各种修改、组合、子组合和替代。任何在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取风电场的各节点间的导纳矩阵，基于所述导纳矩阵构建等值潮流模型；
    获取风电场的无功出力目标值和集中式无功设备的无功容量；
    利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数；
    构造约束条件，所述约束条件包括基于所述等值潮流模型确定的等值潮流模型约束条件、电压约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机有功功率约束条件、基于所述风机实时有功功率确定的风机无功功率约束条件、基于所述集中式无功设备的无功容量确定的集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及基于所述无功出力目标值确定的无功功率分配约束条件；
    在所述约束条件满足的情况下，获取所述目标函数最小化时的最优解，从而获得集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、以及各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率；
    基于所述集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、所述各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率对所述集中式无功设备和各个风机进行有功控制和无功控制。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法，其特征在于，所述利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数，包括：
    基于并网点电压与并网点参考电压的差值的绝对值获得并网点电压偏差；
    基于各风机的端电压与对应的参考电压获得风机端电压偏差；
    基于任意两个节点的电压、电压偏角和对应的导纳获得线路功率损耗；
    基于各风机的有功功率的变化量的绝对值获得有功功率损失；
    将所述风机端电压偏差、所述线路功率损耗和所述有功功率损失分别与对应的加权系数相乘，利用各乘积结果与所述并网点电压偏差的和作为目标函数。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述等值潮流模型确定的等值潮流模型约束条件，包括：
    通过二阶锥松弛方法将所述等值潮流模型转化成可求解的二阶锥约束，再根据功率平衡关系，使得各节点的有功/无功的流入值与流出值相等，从而获得等值潮流模型约束条件。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述电压约束条件包括并网点电压约束条件和端电压约束条件；
    所述并网点电压约束条件为所述并网点电压控制在第一电压范围内；
    所述端电压约束条件为所述端电压控制在第二电压范围内。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法，其特征在于，所述基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机有功功率约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机无功功率约束条件、基于所述集中式无功设备的无功容量确定的集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及基于所述无功出力目标值确定的无功功率分配约束条件，包括：
    获取各风机的风机实时有功功率，控制所述各风机的目标有功功率小于等于对应风机的风机实时有功功率，得到所述风机有功功率约束条件；
    获得所述风机无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制所述各风机的目标无功功率处于风机无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到所述风机无功功率约束条件；
    获得所述集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制所述集中式无功设备的无功功率处于集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到所述集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件；
    使得所述各风机的无功功率和所述集中式无功设备的无功功率加和等于所述无功出力目标值，得到所述无功功率分配约束条件。
  6. 一种风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置，其特征在于，包括：
    潮流模型处理模块，用于获取风电场的各节点间的导纳矩阵，基于所述导纳矩阵构建等值潮流模型；
    功率处理模块，用于获取风电场的无功出力目标值和集中式无功设备的无功容量；
    目标函数处理模块，用于利用并网点电压偏差、风机端电压偏差、线路功率损耗和有功功率损失构造目标函数；
    约束条件处理模块，用于构造约束条件，所述约束条件包括基于所述等值潮流模型确定的等值潮流模型约束条件、电压约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机有功功率约束条件、基于风机实时有功功率确定的风机无功功率约束条件、基于所述集中式无功设备的无功容量确定的集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件、以及基于所述无功出力目标值确定的无功功率分配约束条件；
    优化计算模块，用于在所述约束条件满足的情况下，获取所述目标函数最小化时的最优解，从而获得集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、以及各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率；
    控制模块，用于基于所述集中式无功设备的最优无功功率、所述各个风机的最优有功功率和最优无功功率对所述集中式无功设备和各个风机进行有功控制和无功控制。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置，其特征在于，所述优化函数处理模块，具体用于：
    基于并网点电压与并网点参考电压的差值的绝对值获得并网点电压偏差；
    基于各风机的端电压与对应的参考电压获得风机端电压偏差；
    基于任意两个节点的电压、电压偏角和对应的导纳获得线路功率损耗；
    基于各风机的有功功率的变化量的绝对值获得有功功率损失；
    将所述风机端电压偏差、所述线路功率损耗和所述有功功率损失分别与对应的加权系数相乘，利用各乘积结果与所述并网点电压偏差的和作为目标函数。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化装置，其特征在于，所述约束条件处理模块，包括：
    潮流约束单元，用于通过二阶锥松弛方法将所述等值潮流模型转化成可求解的二阶锥约束，再根据功率平衡关系，使得各节点的有功/无功的流入值与流出值相等，从而获得等值潮流模型约束条件；
    电压约束单元，用于基于并网点电压约束条件和端电压约束条件获得所述电压约束条件；所述并网点电压约束条件为所述并网点电压控制在第一电压范围内；所述端电压约束条件为所述端电压控制在第二电压范围内；
    功率约束单元，用于获取各风机的实时有功功率，控制所述各风机的目标有功功率小于等于对应风机的实时有功功率，得到风机有功功率约束条件；获得各风机的无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制所述各风机的目标无功功率处于各风机的无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到所述风机无功功率约束条件；获得所述集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值，控制所述集中式无功设备的无功功率处于集中式无功设备的无功功率的最大值和最小值之间，得到所述集中式无功设备的无功功率约束条件；使得所述各风机的无功功率和所述集中式无功设备的无功功率加和等于所述无功出力目标值，得到所述无功功率分配约束条件。
  9. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    至少一个处理器；以及
    与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，
    所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行权利要求1-5中任一项所述的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法。
  10. 一种存储有计算机指令的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质，其中，所述计算机指令用于使所述计算机执行根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法。
  11. 一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序在被处理器执行时实现根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的风电场考虑有功调节的无功控制优化方法。
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CN117828243A (zh) * 2024-03-06 2024-04-05 国网上海能源互联网研究院有限公司 一种fpga潮流并行计算系统和方法

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