WO2023179160A1 - 一种高可靠性主被动一体保护装置 - Google Patents

一种高可靠性主被动一体保护装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023179160A1
WO2023179160A1 PCT/CN2022/143501 CN2022143501W WO2023179160A1 WO 2023179160 A1 WO2023179160 A1 WO 2023179160A1 CN 2022143501 W CN2022143501 W CN 2022143501W WO 2023179160 A1 WO2023179160 A1 WO 2023179160A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
melt
excitation
circuit
trigger circuit
trigger
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PCT/CN2022/143501
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石晓光
王立强
姜依玲
Original Assignee
西安中熔电气股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023179160A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023179160A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the fields of power control and electric vehicles, and in particular to a protection device for circuit protection.
  • Circuit protection devices include an excitation source, a disconnecting device and a conductor through which current flows.
  • the excitation source receives an external trigger signal, ignites and releases high-pressure gas, and drives the cutting device to cut off the conductor.
  • both protection devices have certain drawbacks.
  • the external trigger signal circuit or its own trigger circuit fails, or the excitation source fails, serious safety accidents may occur because there is no mechanical way to cut off the current. Therefore, the reliability of both products is unstable.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide an active and passive integrated protection device.
  • the circuit By connecting the first melt in series in the conductor, when the first melt melts and does not hold the arc, the circuit is directly disconnected through fusing; when the arc holding occurs, When the arc voltage drives the trigger circuit, it is connected to the excitation source to provide a trigger signal to the excitation source, and the circuit is mechanically disconnected through the action of the excitation source.
  • the protection device of the present disclosure disconnects the circuit through fusing combined with mechanical disconnection, which adds an additional layer of protection for disconnecting the circuit and improves the reliability of the protection device.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a high-reliability active and passive integrated protection device, including a first conductor, a first melt, a second conductor, a first excitation device, and a first melt connected in series; A first trigger circuit is connected in parallel; in the normal working state of the first melt, the first trigger circuit and the first excitation device are not conductive;
  • the first melt disconnects the circuit, or under the action of arc energy or elastic force, the first trigger circuit can be driven to conductively connect with the signal receiving end of the first excitation device to send a trigger signal to the first excitation device;
  • the first excitation device opens the first conductor in response to the received trigger signal.
  • the signal receiving end of the first excitation device is conductively connected to the external signal trigger circuit to send the trigger signal to the first excitation device.
  • the signal receiving end driving the first excitation device is disconnected from the external signal trigger circuit and is conductively connected to the first trigger circuit to provide a trigger signal for the first excitation device.
  • a third trigger circuit is connected in parallel to the first melt, and the third trigger circuit is conductively connected to the first excitation device; when the first melt is operating normally, the third trigger circuit is not the first excitation device.
  • the device sends a trigger signal.
  • the third trigger circuit sends a trigger signal to the first excitation device.
  • the third trigger circuit includes a transformer and a rectifier bridge; the high-voltage end of the transformer is connected in parallel with the first melt, and the low-voltage end is connected with a wire connecting the external trigger circuit and the first excitation source; the rectifier bridge is connected in series with the low-voltage end of the transformer. in the terminal circuit.
  • a second excitation device is also included.
  • the second excitation device receives a trigger signal and acts to disconnect the first conductor; the first melt is also connected in parallel with a second trigger circuit, and the second trigger circuit and the second excitation device The signal receiving end is conductively connected;
  • the second trigger circuit When the first melt is operating normally, the second trigger circuit does not send a trigger signal to the second excitation device; when the first melt melts, the second trigger circuit sends a trigger signal to the second excitation device.
  • the second excitation device includes a second excitation source and a second cutting device.
  • the first melt is disposed in the first melt shell.
  • the second trigger circuit is turned on to send an excitation signal.
  • the second excitation source acts to drive the displacement of the second cutting device, and drives the first melt shell to drive the overall displacement of the first melt to separate from the first conductor and the second conductor.
  • a transmission device is also provided, and a first switching device is provided at one end of the wire of the first trigger circuit or the first excitation device.
  • the transmission device can be driven to act under the action of arc energy or elastic force.
  • the transmission device drives the first switch device to act, so that the first trigger circuit is conductively connected to the signal receiving end of the first excitation device to provide a trigger signal for the first excitation device.
  • a first switching device is conductively connected to the signal receiving end of the first excitation device, and the first excitation device is conductively connected to the external trigger signal circuit through the first switching device; when the first melt melts, the arc
  • the transmission device is driven to operate under the action of energy or elastic force.
  • the transmission device drives the first switch device to operate and disconnect the first excitation device from the external trigger signal circuit, so that the wires of the first trigger circuit and the first excitation device pass through the first switch.
  • Device conductive connection.
  • the first switching device is two conductive connectors, and the two ends of the conductive connector are conductively connected to the external trigger signal circuit and the first excitation device signal receiving end through wires; when the first melt melts, the The generated arc energy drives the transmission device to operate. After the transmission device disconnects the conductive connector, it drives the portion of the conductive connector that is conductively connected to the first excitation device to be conductively connected to the first trigger circuit.
  • the first melt is connected in parallel with a second melt;
  • the transmission device includes a spring and a piston structure;
  • the second melt binds the spring to a compressed state; when the first melt melts The second melt melts, and the piston structure moves under the action of elastic force, driving the first trigger circuit to conductively connect with the signal receiving end of the first excitation device to provide a trigger signal for the first excitation device.
  • the first melt or the second melt is located in a cavity, and the transmission device closes said cavity.
  • the transmission device is a flexible film that seals the first melt or the second melt; or the transmission device is a piston structure.
  • the cavity where the first melt or the second melt is located is filled with an arc extinguishing medium.
  • the resistance value of the second melt is higher than that of the first melt.
  • the first trigger circuit includes a transformer, the high-voltage end circuit of the transformer is connected in parallel with the first melt, and the low-voltage end circuit of the transformer is not conductive with the first excitation device; when the first melt operates normally, the low-voltage end circuit of the transformer There is no conduction with the first excitation device; when the first melt melts, the arc energy generated by the first melt melt can drive the low-voltage end circuit of the transformer to conductively connect with the signal receiving end of the first excitation device, and the first trigger circuit is the first An excitation device sends a trigger signal.
  • a conduction detection device for controlling circuit on and off is connected in series to the high-voltage end circuit of the transformer.
  • the conduction detection device is an active or passive device.
  • a rectifier bridge is connected in series to the low-voltage end circuit of the transformer.
  • the first trigger circuit under normal conditions, the first trigger circuit is not conductive, and the first excitation device and the first trigger circuit are not connected; the current passes through the first conductor and the current detection The first melt flows through.
  • the circuit is disconnected and the first trigger circuit and the first excitation device do not operate.
  • a meltdown occurs.
  • the arc energy drives the first trigger circuit to communicate with the first excitation device, and sends the voltage signal at the first melt as a trigger signal to the first excitation device.
  • the first excitation device acts to mechanically disconnect the first conductor. Open circuit.
  • the first excitation device is connected to an external trigger signal and provides a trigger signal to the first excitation device through the external trigger signal; when the first melt melts and the first excitation device does not act to cut off the first conductor and disconnect the circuit, the first melt If the arc is maintained at the fuse point, the arc energy generated by the fusion of the first melt drives the first trigger circuit to conduct with the first excitation device to provide a trigger signal to the first excitation device.
  • the first excitation device acts to mechanically disconnect the circuit. Double protection is achieved by adding an external trigger circuit to provide an external trigger signal and a self-excitation signal generated by the first melt melting.
  • a circuit disconnection guarantee is added to ensure that the protection device can disconnect the circuit and ensure the safety and reliability of the protection device.
  • the protection device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can actively disconnect the circuit or passively disconnect the circuit when a fault occurs. Through multiple protections, the reliability of the protection device is improved, and it can be applied to various application scenarios such as low voltage and high voltage.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the first switch connected to the first excitation device in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle after the first trigger circuit is connected to the first excitation device after the operation in FIG. 1 .
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit in which the first switch is connected to the first trigger circuit in Embodiment 1.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the first switch connected to the first trigger circuit in Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of Embodiment 3 with an external trigger circuit added.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the first trigger circuit including a transformer in Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the circuit after the first fuse is blown in Figure 6 in Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the circuit in the normal working state of Embodiment 4.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of Embodiment 5 with the addition of a second excitation device and a second trigger circuit.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the circuit after the first melt in Figure 9 is blown.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a circuit in which the second excitation device is arranged on the second conductor in Embodiment 6.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the appearance of the transmission device in Embodiment 7.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the transmission device in Fig. 12.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the A-A cross section in FIG. 13 .
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a circuit with a second melt connected in parallel in Embodiment 8.
  • Figure 16 is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission device in Figure 15.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the second excitation device in Figure 15.
  • the first conductor 10 the first melt 20, the second conductor 30, the second melt 100, the first excitation device 40, the first excitation source 401, the first wire 4011, the second wire 4012, and the external trigger circuit 450 , one-way conduction device 4501, first switch 50, first trigger circuit 60, third wire 601, fourth wire 602, transformer 603, rectifier bridge 604, conduction detection device 605, transmission device 70, piston structure 701, Arc extinguishing chamber 702, bump 703, wiring groove 704, spring 705, insulating bottom cover 706, second excitation device 80, second excitation source 801, second cutting device 802, second trigger circuit 90, conduction detection device 901.
  • a high-reliability active and passive integrated protection device includes a first conductor 10, a first melt 20, and a second conductor 30 connected in series.
  • the current flows through the first conductor 10, the first melt 20, and the second conductor 30.
  • Two conductors 30 flow through.
  • the first fuse 20 is required to fuse under small fault current conditions, breaking the circuit of current flowing through the first conductor, the first fuse and the second conductor.
  • the first excitation device 40 is provided on one side of the first conductor 10.
  • a disconnection weak point 101 can be provided on the first conductor 10 located at the first excitation device 40 as needed to reduce the mechanical strength.
  • the first excitation device 40 acts according to the trigger signal to cut off the first conductor 10 from the weak point.
  • the first excitation device 40 includes a first excitation source 401 and a first cutting device.
  • the first excitation source and the first disconnecting device are arranged in a housing through which the first conductor 10 passes.
  • the structure between the first excitation source and the first cutting device is such that after the first excitation source receives the trigger signal, the released driving force can drive the first cutting device to displace and cut off the first conductor, thus breaking the circuit.
  • the first excitation source 401 adopts a gas generating device.
  • the signal receiving end of the first excitation source 401 is connected to a first wire 4011 and a second wire 4012 respectively.
  • the free ends of the first wire 4011 and the second wire 4012 are conductively connected to a first wire. Switch 50.
  • the first excitation source 401 heats and then ignites to release high-pressure gas according to receiving the trigger signal.
  • the high-pressure gas drives the first cutting device to operate, cutting the first conductor 10 and disconnecting the circuit.
  • a first trigger circuit 60 is connected in parallel to the first melt 20.
  • the first trigger circuit is connected to one end of the first melt 20 through a third conductor 601 and a fourth conductor 602 respectively.
  • the third conductor 601 and the fourth conductor 602 are not connected.
  • the first trigger circuit 60 collects the voltage signal at the first melt 20 as a trigger signal; under the normal working state of the first melt, the first trigger circuit 60 does not conduct because the third conductor 601 and the fourth conductor 602 are not connected. ;
  • the first trigger circuit 60 and the first switch 50 connected through wires on the first excitation source 401 are also not connected.
  • the first excitation source is a gas generating device.
  • the gas generating device ignites according to the received trigger signal, and then releases high-pressure gas to generate driving force.
  • the excitation sources are the same as those in Embodiment 1.
  • the first melt 20 melts first.
  • the fault current is a small current
  • the arc generated at the melting point of the first melt 20 is very small, and the arc is quickly extinguished by air or by setting an extinguisher at the first melt.
  • the arc medium extinguishes the arc and breaks the circuit in which current flows through the first melt through fusing of the first melt.
  • the first switch 50 since the arc is small and extinguishes quickly, and the arc energy is also very small, it is impossible to drive the first switch 50 to conductively connect with the first trigger circuit and conduct the first trigger circuit. Therefore, the first trigger circuit and the first excitation None of the devices operate.
  • the first switch 50 When the fault current is relatively large, the arc generated when the first melt body 20 melts cannot be extinguished quickly, and a sustained arc is formed at the melting point of the first melt body. Then, under the arc energy, the first switch 50 is driven to displacement and the first trigger circuit 60 The third wire and the fourth wire are connected to connect the first trigger circuit and the first excitation device. Referring to Figure 2, the first trigger circuit sends the voltage at both ends of the first melt as a trigger signal to the third excitation device. An excitation source, the first excitation source acts, drives the first cutting device to mechanically disconnect the first conductor 10 to form a fracture, and disconnects the circuit in which current flows through the first conductor, the second conductor and the first melt.
  • a transmission device 70 is provided between the first melt 20 and the first switch 50.
  • the transmission device can well isolate the arc energy and isolate it in the first switch 50. around the melt to prevent it from escaping and causing damage to other parts or devices.
  • the transmission device may be a flexible film covering the first melt, and the flexible film is made of insulating material.
  • An arc extinguishing medium is filled between the flexible film and the first melt.
  • the arc energy generated drives the flexible membrane to stretch, and the first switch 50 is disconnected through the flexible membrane, and then drives the end connected to the first excitation source to move toward one end of the wire of the first trigger circuit, and connects with the first
  • the conductive connection of the trigger circuit connects the first excitation source and the first trigger circuit.
  • the first trigger circuit sends the voltage signal at both ends of the first melt as a trigger signal to the first excitation source to make the first excitation source work.
  • the transmission device may be a piston structure, the first melt is placed in a cavity, the cavity is filled with arc extinguishing medium, and the piston structure closes the cavity.
  • the piston structure is made of insulating material.
  • the arc energy generated drives the piston structure to displace, and the first switch 50 is disconnected through the piston structure, and then drives the end connected to the first excitation source to displace toward one end of the wire of the first trigger circuit, and connects with the first
  • the conductive connection of the trigger circuit connects the first excitation source and the first trigger circuit.
  • the first trigger circuit sends the voltage signal at both ends of the first melt as a trigger signal to the first excitation source to make the first excitation source work.
  • the transmission device can also be hydraulic transmission.
  • the first switch 50 can also be connected to one end of the first trigger circuit. Refer to Figure 3. Its structure and operating principle are the same as those connected to the first excitation device.
  • the first melt is used to fuse and disconnect the circuit, and when the first melt fuses and the circuit cannot be disconnected, the arc energy generated when the first melt fuses is used to drive the first trigger circuit and the first excitation circuit.
  • the device is connected to provide a trigger signal to the first excitation device, and the first conductor is disconnected to break the circuit.
  • double protection is adopted to improve the working reliability of the protection device.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference from Embodiment 1 is that an external trigger circuit 450 is added.
  • the first switch 50 is connected to the first trigger circuit 60 .
  • the first excitation source 401 of the first excitation device 40 is conductively connected to the external trigger circuit 450 through the first conductor 4011 and the second conductor 4012.
  • the external trigger circuit 450 provides a trigger signal to the first excitation device 40, and the first excitation device disconnects the first conductor 10 to break the circuit.
  • a first trigger circuit 60 is connected in parallel to the first melt 20.
  • the first trigger circuit 60 is connected to both ends of the first melt 20 through a third conductor 601 and a fourth conductor 602 respectively.
  • the third conductor 601 and the fourth conductor 602 Not connected.
  • One ends of the third wire 601 and the fourth wire 602 are electrically connected to the first switch 50 .
  • the current flows through the first conductor 10 , the first melt 20 and the second conductor 30 .
  • the transmission device 70 is provided between the first melt 20 and the first switch 50 .
  • a trigger signal is provided to the first excitation device through the external trigger circuit 450.
  • the first excitation device After receiving the trigger signal, the first excitation device operates to cut off the first conductor 10.
  • the operating condition of the external trigger circuit 450 is determined based on the external control condition, that is, the client's control system.
  • the external control condition may be zero current, sending a trigger signal under a certain condition, or setting a certain threshold.
  • the external trigger circuit 450 is controlled to act, providing a trigger signal for the first excitation device, triggering the first The excitation device operates to disconnect the first conductor 10 .
  • the external trigger circuit 450 does not send a trigger signal to the first excitation source, and the first melt 20 melts. If there is no arc holding at the melted point of the first melt 20, the first melt 20 melts and opens the circuit;
  • the accumulated arc energy drives the transmission device to drive the first switch 50 on the first trigger circuit 60 to be displaced and electrically connected to the first excitation source signal receiving end of the first excitation device, so that the first A trigger circuit is connected to the first excitation source to send a trigger signal to the first excitation source 401, and the first cutting device operates to cut off the first conductor 10 to break the circuit.
  • the trigger circuit 045 has an impact.
  • the external trigger circuit 450 is provided with a one-way conducting component, such as a diode, that prevents current from flowing from the protection device to the external trigger circuit.
  • Example 2 Improvements were made on the basis of Example 2. Referring to FIG. 5 , the first melt 20 is connected in series between the first conductor 10 and the second conductor 30 .
  • the first excitation device 40 is electrically connected to the external trigger circuit 450 through the first switch 50 .
  • the external trigger circuit 450 is related technology and will not be described in detail here.
  • a first trigger circuit 60 is connected in parallel to the first melt 20.
  • the first trigger circuit 60 is connected to both ends of the first melt 20 through a third conductor 601 and a fourth conductor 602 respectively.
  • the third conductor 601 and the fourth conductor 602 Not connected.
  • the first trigger circuit 60 is not connected to the first excitation device 40 or the external trigger circuit 450 .
  • Electric current flows through the first conductor 10 , the first melt 20 and the second conductor 30 .
  • the external trigger circuit 450 provides a trigger signal to the first excitation device. After receiving the trigger signal, the first excitation device operates to cut off the first conductor 10 .
  • the operating condition of the external trigger circuit 450 is determined based on the external control condition, that is, the client's control system.
  • the external control condition may be zero current, sending a trigger signal under a certain condition, or setting a certain threshold. When the indicator exceeds the threshold, the external trigger circuit 450 is controlled to act, providing a trigger signal for the first excitation device, triggering the first The excitation device operates to disconnect the first conductor 10 .
  • the first melt 20 melts without generating arc holding, the first melt 20 opens the circuit
  • the arc energy generated by the sustained arc drives the transmission device 70 to move.
  • the displacement of the transmission device 70 drives the first switch 50 to disconnect the first excitation device 40 and the external trigger circuit 450, and then drives the first switch 50.
  • a switch 50 is electrically connected to the first trigger circuit 60, so that the first trigger circuit is electrically connected to the first excitation device, and provides a trigger signal to the first excitation device.
  • various components or circuits that improve working reliability can be conductively connected to the third conductor and the fourth conductor of the first trigger circuit.
  • Figure 6 is a specific circuit diagram of Figure 5.
  • the third wire 601 and the fourth wire 602 connected at both ends of the first melt 20 are electrically connected to the high-voltage end circuit 6031 of the transformer 603, so that the high-voltage end circuit of the transformer is connected to the first melt.
  • the transformer 20 is connected in parallel, and there is no connection between the low-voltage end circuit 6032 of the transformer and the first excitation source 401 of the first excitation device 40 .
  • a rectifier bridge 604 is connected in series in the low-voltage end circuit.
  • the signal receiving end of the first excitation source 401 of the first excitation device 40 is connected to the first switch 50 through the first wire 4011 and the second wire 4012 respectively, and the external trigger circuit 450 is conductively connected to the first excitation source 401 through the first switch 50 .
  • the external trigger circuit 450 does not send a trigger signal to the first excitation source.
  • the external trigger circuit 450 When the operating conditions of the external trigger circuit 450 are met, the external trigger circuit 450 provides a trigger signal to the first excitation device. After receiving the trigger signal, the first excitation device operates to cut off the first conductor 10 .
  • the operating condition of the external trigger circuit 450 is determined based on the external control condition, that is, the client's control system.
  • the external control condition may be zero current, sending a trigger signal under a certain condition, or setting a certain threshold.
  • the external trigger circuit 450 When the indicator exceeds the threshold, the external trigger circuit 450 is controlled to act, providing a trigger signal for the first excitation device, triggering the first The excitation device operates to disconnect the first conductor 10 .
  • the first melt 20 melts. If there is no arc holding at the melted point of the first melt 20, the first melt 20 melts and opens the circuit;
  • the accumulated arc energy drives the transmission device to disconnect the first switch 50 from the external trigger circuit 450 , causing the first switch 50 to connect to the low-voltage end of the first trigger circuit 60
  • the conductive connection connects the first trigger circuit to the first excitation source, sends a trigger signal to the first excitation source 401, and the first cutting device operates to cut off the first conductor 10 to disconnect the circuit.
  • a conduction detection device 605 is connected in series at the high voltage end of the transformer. Under normal operating conditions, the conduction detection device 605 does not conduct.
  • the conduction detection device 605 is an active or passive device or a conduction detection circuit that can realize on-off control, such as TVS tube, MOSFET tube, etc.; the conduction detection circuit that can realize on-off control is a conventional circuit technology, here it is No longer.
  • the conduction detection device 605 does not conduct.
  • the conduction detection device 605 is turned on.
  • a one-way conducting device is arranged in series on the external trigger circuit 450 to ensure that the trigger signal can only be sent from one end of the external trigger circuit 450 to the first excitation source 401 .
  • Figure 8 is a circuit schematic diagram that adds a layer of protection based on Figure 5.
  • the first trigger circuit 60 includes a third conductor 601 and a fourth conductor 602 connected in parallel at both ends of the first melt 20.
  • the free ends of the third conductor 601 and the fourth conductor 602 are not connected and are also connected to the first excitation source. 401 Not Connected.
  • various components or circuits can be conductively connected to the third conductor and the fourth conductor of the first trigger circuit as needed.
  • the external trigger circuit 450 is electrically connected to the first excitation source 401 through the first switch 50 .
  • the first switch 50 When the first switch 50 is driven by an external force, it can be displaceably connected to the third conductor 601 and the fourth conductor 602 , so that the first excitation source 401 is conductively connected to the first trigger circuit 60 .
  • a third trigger circuit 60a is also connected in parallel to the first melt 20.
  • the third trigger circuit 60a includes a transformer 60a-1 and a rectifier bridge 60a-2.
  • the high-voltage end of the transformer 60a-1 is connected in parallel with the first melt 20, and the low-voltage end is connected with the wire connecting the external trigger circuit 450 and the first excitation source 401.
  • the rectifier bridge 60a-2 is connected in series in the low-voltage end circuit, and rectifies the transformed trigger signal and sends it to the first excitation source 401.
  • the high-voltage and low-voltage end of the transformer 60a-1 the high-voltage and low-voltage of the protection device are isolated to ensure the safety and reliability of the device.
  • the third trigger circuit cannot send the signal to the first melt 20 .
  • the excitation source sends a trigger signal, and the first excitation source does not act.
  • the third trigger circuit is not limited to the circuit structure in Figure 8. The structure of the third trigger circuit only needs to satisfy the first melt melting, and the third trigger circuit only needs to send a trigger signal for the first excitation source.
  • the external trigger circuit 450 and the third trigger circuit do not send the trigger signal to the first excitation source.
  • the external trigger circuit 450 When the operating conditions of the external trigger circuit 450 are met, the external trigger circuit 450 provides a trigger signal to the first excitation device. After receiving the trigger signal, the first excitation device operates to cut off the first conductor 10 .
  • the operating condition of the external trigger circuit 450 is determined based on the external control condition, that is, the client's control system.
  • the external control condition may be zero current, sending a trigger signal under a certain condition, or setting a certain threshold.
  • the external trigger circuit 450 When the indicator exceeds the threshold, the external trigger circuit 450 is controlled to act, providing a trigger signal for the first excitation device, triggering the first The excitation device operates to disconnect the first conductor 10 .
  • the first melt 20 melts. If there is no arc holding at the melted point of the first melt 20, the first melt 20 melts and breaks the circuit.
  • the first excitation source 401 acts to drive the first cutting device to disconnect the first conductor 10 and disconnect the circuit;
  • the accumulated arc energy drives the transmission device 70 to operate, disconnecting the first switch 50 from the external trigger circuit 450, so that the first switch 50 and the first trigger circuit 60 conduct electricity. connection, thereby causing the first trigger circuit 60 to be connected to the first excitation source 401, sending the voltage signal at the melting point of the first melt as a trigger signal to the first excitation source 401, the first excitation source 401 operates, and the first cutting device Action cuts the first conductor 10 to break the circuit.
  • a conduction detection device 60a-3 is connected in series at the high voltage end of the transformer. Under normal operating conditions, the conduction detection device 60a-3 does not conduct.
  • the conduction detection device 60a-3 is an active or passive device or a conduction detection circuit that can achieve on-off control, such as a TVS tube, MOSFET tube, etc.; the conduction detection circuit that can achieve on-off control is a conventional circuit technology. This will not be described again.
  • the conduction detection device 60a-3 does not conduct.
  • the conduction detection device 60a-3 conducts.
  • a one-way conducting device is arranged in series on the external trigger circuit 450 to ensure that the trigger signal can only be sent from one end of the external trigger circuit 450 to the first excitation source 401 .
  • the protection device by adding a third trigger circuit, the protection device has an additional layer of backup protection, forming a quadruple protection with better reliability.
  • the specific circuit structure of the above-mentioned third trigger circuit is not limited to the installation of a transformer and a rectifier bridge in the circuit, as long as it can ensure that the third trigger circuit does not send a trigger signal when the first melt is in the normal working state, and the first melt melts when the first melt melts. Then the third trigger circuit sends the trigger signal.
  • a second excitation device 80 is also provided on one side of the first conductor 10, and a second trigger circuit 90 is connected in parallel to the first melt 20.
  • the second trigger circuit 90 is connected to the second trigger circuit 90.
  • the second excitation source 801 of the excitation device 80 is electrically connected through a wire.
  • the second excitation device 80 includes a second excitation source 801 and a second cutting device 802. The second excitation source acts according to the received trigger signal sent by the second trigger circuit to drive the second cutting device to cut off the first conductor 10 and open the circuit.
  • the first trigger circuit 60 is the same as the first trigger circuit 60 in FIG. 5 .
  • the specific implementation circuit of the second trigger circuit 90 may refer to the structure of the third trigger circuit 60 a in FIG. 8 in Embodiment 4.
  • the second trigger circuit 90 is not limited to the structure of the third trigger circuit 60a in Figure 8, as long as the trigger signal is not sent to the second excitation device when the first melt is operating normally.
  • the first trigger circuit 60 When the first melt is operating normally, current flows through the first conductor 10, the first melt 20, and the second conductor 30.
  • the first trigger circuit 60 is not connected to the first excitation device 40, and the first excitation device does not operate; because the voltage at the first melt is very low, the second trigger circuit does not send a trigger signal to the second excitation device, and the second excitation device No action either.
  • a trigger signal is provided to the first excitation device 40 through the external trigger circuit 450.
  • the first excitation device operates to cut off the first conductor 10 after receiving the trigger signal.
  • the operating condition of the external trigger circuit 450 is determined based on the external control condition, that is, the client's control system.
  • the external control condition may be zero current, sending a trigger signal under a certain condition, or setting a certain threshold.
  • the external trigger circuit 450 is controlled to act, providing a trigger signal for the first excitation device, triggering the first
  • the excitation device operates to disconnect the first conductor 10 .
  • the first melt 20 melts. If there is no arc holding at the melted point of the first melt 20, the first melt 20 melts and breaks the circuit.
  • the second trigger circuit 90 sends the voltage signal at the melting point of the first melt as a trigger signal to the second excitation source 801.
  • the second excitation source 801 acts to drive the second cutting device to disconnect the first conductor 10 and disconnect the circuit;
  • the accumulated arc energy drives the transmission device 70 to operate, disconnecting the first switch 50 from the external trigger circuit 450, so that the first switch 50 and the first trigger circuit 60 conduct electricity. connection, thereby causing the first trigger circuit 60 to be connected to the first excitation source 401, sending the voltage signal at the melting point of the first melt as a trigger signal to the first excitation source 401, the first excitation source 401 operates, and the first cutting device Action cuts the first conductor 10 to break the circuit.
  • the second trigger circuit when the first melt 20 melts, the second trigger circuit will act first and send a trigger signal to the second excitation device, and the second excitation device will act first. Only when the arc energy accumulated after the first melt 20 is melted drives the first switch to connect the first trigger circuit and the first excitation device, the first excitation device will act.
  • a conduction detection device 901 is connected in series to the second trigger circuit 90.
  • the conduction detection device 901 is an active or passive device or a conduction detection circuit that can realize on-off control.
  • the conduction detection circuit that can realize on-off control is a conventional circuit technology and will not be described in detail here.
  • the conduction detection device 901 does not conduct.
  • the conduction detection device 901 conducts.
  • This embodiment uses two sets of excitation devices and two sets of trigger circuits, combined with an external trigger circuit, to ensure that when one of the trigger circuits fails or the excitation source fails, the other excitation source can act to cut off the circuit, thereby improving the reliability of the product.
  • the second trigger circuit and the second excitation device in Figure 9 can also be added on the basis of Figure 8.
  • the second trigger circuit and the second excitation device are added on the basis of Figure 8 to form a protection device with five layers of protection.
  • the second excitation device 80 is arranged on the second conductor 30, and the other structures are the same.
  • the first excitation device operates, the first conductor 10 is cut off, and when the second excitation device 80 operates, the second conductor 30 is cut off.
  • the transmission device 70 is provided at the first melt 20.
  • the transmission device 70 includes an insulated shell, and a cavity with an open end is provided in the shell.
  • the first melt 20 is disposed in the cavity.
  • the cavity portion where the first melt 20 is located is sealed by the piston structure 701 to form an arc extinguishing chamber 702.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 702 is filled with an arc extinguishing medium, and the arc extinguishing medium is sand or other arc-extinguishing materials.
  • the piston structure 701 is made of insulating material.
  • the piston structure 701 is provided with a limiting structure at the contact surface with the housing of the transmission device.
  • a bump 703 is provided at the contact surface of the piston structure 701
  • a groove is provided at the contact surface of the transmission device housing so that the bumps are embedded in the piston structure 701.
  • a limiting structure is formed in the groove to maintain the initial position of the piston structure 701.
  • a chute is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the housing of the transmission device.
  • the piston structure 701 is clamped in the chute and can be displaced along the chute.
  • the piston structure 701 is in sealing contact with the housing of the transmission device, and the sealing can be achieved through a sealing ring or an interference fit.
  • the third wire 601 and the fourth wire 602 of the first trigger circuit 60 are arranged on the outer periphery of the housing of the transmission device and are conductively connected to the first conductor 10 and the second conductor 30 respectively.
  • the connection method is through welding, bolting or other means.
  • One end of the third wire 601 and the fourth wire 602 is bent in front of the displacement direction of the piston structure 701, and a sufficient insulation distance is maintained between them, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the first switch 50 is disposed in front of the impact end face displacement of the piston structure 701 .
  • the first switch 50 includes two conductive connectors 501 arranged in parallel and spaced apart.
  • the wire connectors 501 are provided with disconnection weak points 5011 that reduce mechanical strength.
  • the conductive connector 501 is disposed at one end of the cavity opening of the transmission device housing, leaving a sufficient insulation distance between the third conductor 601 and the fourth conductor 602.
  • the conductive connector 501 is located between the third conductor 601 and the fourth conductor 602.
  • the piston structure 701 impacts between the end faces. When the piston structure 701 is displaced, after disconnecting the conductive connector 501, the conductive connector at one end connected to the first excitation source is driven to partially displace, so that it is in conductive contact with the third conductor 601 and the fourth conductor 602, causing the first trigger
  • the circuit is electrically connected to the first excitation device.
  • a wiring slot 704 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the housing of the transmission device 70 .
  • the first wire 4011 and the second wire 4012 respectively pass through the wiring slot 704 and are conductively connected to one end of the conductive connector 501 .
  • the conductive connector 501 may not be connected to the first excitation source through a wire, but one end of the conductive connector 501 may be directly extended to be directly connected to the first excitation source.
  • One end of the conductive connector 501 is connected to the signal receiving end of the first excitation source 401 through a wire, and the other end is a free end or the other end of the conductive connector 501 can also be conductively connected to the external signal trigger circuit 450 .
  • the first melt 20 melts, and the generated arc is small and can be extinguished instantly.
  • the first melt 20 disconnects the circuit, and the generated arc energy is small and cannot drive the piston structure to move, so the first excitation
  • the device does not operate; when the fault current is a large current, the first melt 20 melts, generating a larger arc, and a sustained arc is formed at the melting point of the first melt, and the circuit cannot be disconnected by the melting of the first melt.
  • the arc energy generated is relatively large, which can drive the piston structure 701 to overcome the limiting structure and move, cutting off the weak point of the conductive connector 501, and the piston structure 701 continues to drive the conductive connector 501 connected to the first excitation source 401.
  • the displacement is electrically connected to the third conductor and the fourth conductor, and communicates with the first trigger circuit and the first excitation device.
  • This embodiment is a modification based on Embodiment 5.
  • the first melt 20 is connected in series between the first conductor 10 and the second conductor 30 .
  • the second excitation device 80 is disposed at the first melt 20 , that is, the first melt 20 is located within the second excitation device 80 .
  • the second trigger circuit 90 is connected in parallel at both ends of the first melt 20 located outside the second excitation device 80 , and the second trigger circuit 90 is conductively connected to the second excitation source 801 .
  • the second trigger circuit sends a trigger signal to the second excitation source, and the second excitation source acts to drive the second cutting device to act and cut off the first melt 20 . Since the second cutting device is made of insulating material, when the second cutting device cuts off the first melt 20, it is located at the disconnection of the first melt 20, and insulates the disconnection of the first melt 20.
  • An arc extinguishing medium is provided at the first melt 20 in the second excitation device 80 .
  • the structure of the second cutting device to cut off the first melt disposed in the arc extinguishing medium is a related art and will not be described in detail here.
  • a second melt 100 connected in parallel at both ends of the first melt 20 located outside the second excitation device 80.
  • the resistance of the second melt 100 is higher than that of the first melt 20, such as constantan wire.
  • a transmission device 70 is provided at the second melt 100. The action of the transmission device 70 cuts off the connection between the external trigger circuit and the first excitation source, and drives the first trigger circuit to conductively connect with the first excitation source.
  • the resistance of the second melt 100 is much greater than the resistance of the first melt 20 .
  • the first melt 20 melts most of the current passing through the first melt 20 flows through the second melt 100, and the second melt 100 melts. The melting of the second melt can drive the transmission device 70 to operate.
  • the structure of the transmission device 70 may refer to the transmission device structure of Embodiment 7.
  • the transmission device 70 includes a housing having a cavity with an open end.
  • the bottom of the housing cavity is an insulating bottom cover 706.
  • a spring 705, an insulating piston structure 701, a conductive connector 501, a first wire 4011 and a second wire 4012 are provided in the housing cavity.
  • the insulating bottom cover 706 closes one end of the housing.
  • One end of the spring 705 is fixedly mounted on the insulating bottom cover 706 .
  • the piston structure 701 is located at the other end of the spring 705 .
  • the second melt 100 passes through the insulating bag cover 706 and the spring 705 and then passes through the piston structure 701, which is provided with a hook to restrain the piston structure 701.
  • the spring 705 is compressed between the insulating bottom cover 706 and the piston structure 701 by binding the piston structure 701 .
  • the piston structure 701 closes the cavity of the housing, and the piston structure 701 can be displaced along the housing under the action of external force.
  • the cavity of the housing between the piston structure 701 and the insulating cover plate 706 is filled with arc extinguishing medium.
  • One end of the third wire 601 and the fourth wire 602 of the first trigger circuit 60 is disposed at the end of the cavity opening of the transmission device 70 casing, in front of the displacement direction of the piston structure 701, with sufficient insulation distance between them.
  • the other ends of the third wire 601 and the fourth wire 602 are respectively connected to the two ends of the first melt 20 located outside the second excitation device through welding, bolting or other means.
  • the first trigger circuit 60 is connected to the first The melts 20 are connected in parallel.
  • the first switch 50 includes two conductive connectors 501 arranged in parallel and spaced apart.
  • the wire connectors 501 are provided with disconnection weak points that reduce mechanical strength.
  • the conductive connector 501 is disposed at one end of the cavity opening of the transmission device housing, leaving a sufficient insulation distance between the third conductor 601 and the fourth conductor 602.
  • the two conductive connectors 501 are located between the third conductor 601 and the fourth conductor 602. and between the impact end faces of the piston structure 701.
  • the second excitation device 80 includes a housing, a second excitation source 801, and a second cutting device 802.
  • the first melt 20 is located in the housing.
  • the second trigger circuit 90 is electrically connected to the signal receiving end of the second excitation source 801 through wires.
  • a disconnection weak point that reduces mechanical strength is provided on the adjacent ends of the first conductor 10 and the second conductor 30, and the disconnection weak point is a V-shaped notch.
  • a first melt shell 201 is provided on the outer periphery of the first melt 20, and the first melt shell 201 is stuck at the adjacent end of the first conductor 10 and the second conductor 30.
  • the weak point of disconnection is filled with arc extinguishing medium.
  • the first melt shell 201 and the second cutting device are made of insulating material. The first melt shell 201 can be displaced relative to the shell of the second excitation device driven by an external force.
  • the second trigger circuit 90 When the first melt 20 melts, the second trigger circuit 90 is turned on.
  • the second trigger circuit 90 collects the voltage of the first melt 20 as a trigger signal and sends it to the second excitation source 801.
  • the second excitation source 801 acts to drive the second cutoff.
  • the displacement of the device 802 drives the displacement of the first melt shell 201 to disconnect from the adjacent disconnection weak points of the first conductor 10 and the second conductor 30 .
  • the arc generated when the first melt 20 is melted is extinguished by the arc extinguishing medium.
  • the first melt 20 melts.
  • the second trigger circuit 90 is turned on and sends a trigger signal to the second excitation source of the second excitation device.
  • the second excitation source is activated, the second excitation circuit 90 is driven.
  • the two cutting devices drive the first melt shell 201 to move and disconnect from the weak points at the adjacent ends of the first conductor and the second conductor.
  • the first melt shell 201 drives the first melt to connect with the first conductor and the second conductor. The two conductors are separated, and the arc generated by the first melt is extinguished in the arc extinguishing medium in the first melt shell 201 .
  • the piston structure 701 is displaced to cut off the conductive connector 501, and is driven to disconnect.
  • the conductive connector 501 is displaced, conductively connected to the third wire and the fourth wire respectively, turns on the first trigger circuit and the first excitation device, sends the trigger signal to the first excitation device, the first excitation device acts, and disconnects the first excitation device.
  • a conductor 10 breaks the circuit. The arc generated by the melting of the second melt 100 is extinguished in the arc extinguishing medium.
  • the transmission device By connecting the second melt in parallel with the first melt, the transmission device is not constrained to be arranged on one side of the first melt. According to actual structural requirements, the transmission device can be arranged at a position far away from the first melt.
  • the second melt with a relatively large resistance is connected in parallel, when the current flows through the second melt, the current on the second melt decreases.
  • the arc generated is relatively small, and the arc generated The energy is small and it is easy to extinguish the arc and break the circuit. Therefore, when the second melt is connected in parallel, the arc energy at the second melt is reduced. In order to ensure that the first trigger circuit is connected to the first excitation source, it is better to use spring force as the driving force.
  • the second melt 100 may not be connected in parallel, and the piston structure 701 may be bound to the first melt 20.
  • the first melt 20 may be melted, causing the piston structure 701 to lose its restraint, and drive the piston structure 701 to move under the action of elastic force.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a highly reliable active and passive integrated protection device.
  • the first trigger circuit is not conductive, and the first excitation device and the first trigger circuit are not connected; the current passes through the first conductor and the current detection
  • the first melt used flows through.
  • the circuit is disconnected and the first trigger circuit and the first excitation device do not operate.
  • a meltdown occurs.
  • the arc energy drives the first trigger circuit to communicate with the first excitation device, and sends the voltage signal at the first melt as a trigger signal to the first excitation device.
  • the first excitation device acts to mechanically disconnect the first conductor. Open circuit.
  • the first excitation device is connected to an external trigger signal and provides a trigger signal to the first excitation device through the external trigger signal; when the first melt melts and the first excitation device does not act to cut off the first conductor and disconnect the circuit, the first melt If the arc is maintained at the fuse point, the arc energy generated by the fusion of the first melt drives the first trigger circuit to conduct with the first excitation device to provide a trigger signal to the first excitation device.
  • the first excitation device acts to mechanically disconnect the circuit. Double protection is achieved by adding an external trigger circuit to provide an external trigger signal and a self-excitation signal generated by the first melt melting.
  • a circuit disconnection guarantee is added to ensure that the protection device can disconnect the circuit and ensure the safety and reliability of the protection device.
  • the protection device of the present disclosure can actively disconnect the circuit or passively disconnect the circuit when a fault occurs. Through multiple protections, the reliability of the protection device is improved, and it can be applied to various application scenarios such as low voltage and high voltage.
  • the high-reliability active and passive integrated protection device of the present application is reproducible and can be used in a variety of industrial applications.
  • the high-reliability active and passive integrated protection device of this application can be used in the fields of power control and electric vehicles.

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Abstract

本公开涉及电力控制和电动汽车领域，公开了一种高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，包括依次串联连接的第一导体、第一熔体、第二导体，第一激励装置；所述第一熔体并联连接有第一触发电路；在第一熔体正常工作状态下，所述第一触发电路与所述第一激励装置不导通；当第一熔体熔断时，第一熔体断开电路，或在电弧能量或弹力作用下可驱动第一触发电路与第一激励装置的信号接收端导电连接为第一激励装置发送触发信号；第一激励装置根据接收的触发信号断开第一导体。本公开通过第一激励装置作为第一熔体的备用保护，提高了保护装置的工作可靠性。

Description

一种高可靠性主被动一体保护装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年3月22日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202210285529.7、名称为“一种无源激励熔断器”的中国专利申请的优先权，本申请要求于2022年3月22日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202220631929.4、名称为“一种无源激励熔断器”的中国专利申请的优先权，本申请要求于2022年3月22日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202210285533.3、名称为“一种自激励无源激励熔断器”的中国专利申请的优先权，本申请要求于2022年3月22日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202220632204.7、名称为“一种自激励无源激励熔断器”的中国专利申请的优先权，本申请要求于2022年6月22日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202210713184.0、名称为“一种高可靠性主被动一体保护装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及电力控制和电动汽车领域，尤其是涉及对电路保护的保护装置。
背景技术
目前，在通过机械方式断开的电路保护装置中，大部分都是通过外部触发信号来触发激励源动作，从而通过机械方式断开电路。电路保护装置包括激励源、切断装置和导体，其中电流流经导体。激励源接收外部触发信号，点火释放高压气体，驱动切断装置动作切断导体。
还有一种采用保护装置本身的产生的触发信号触发激励源动作，通过机械方式断开电路。与利用外部触发信号触发的区别在于增加了采集内部触发信号的触发电路。这类型的保护装置可以承载较高的电压与大电流。
但是这两种保护装置均存在一定弊端。外部触发信号电路或自身的触发电路发生故障、或激励源失效时，由于没有机械方式切断电流，可能会导致严重的安全事故。因此，这两种产品的可靠性都不稳定。
发明内容
本公开实施例的目的是提供一种主被动一体的保护装置，通过在导体中串联第一熔体，当第一熔体熔断未持弧时，则直接通过熔断断开电路；当产生持弧时，通过弧压驱动触发电路与激励源连接，为激励源提供触发信号，通过激励源动作以机械方式断开电路。本公开的保护装置通过熔断结合机械断开方式断开电路，多了一重断开电路的保障，提高了保护装置的可靠性。
为了实现上述目的，本公开实施例提供一种高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，包括依次串联连接的第一导体、第一熔体、第二导体，第一激励装置；所述第一熔体并联连接有第一触发电路；在第一熔体正常工作状态下，所述第一触发电路与所述第一激励装置不导通；
当第一熔体熔断时，第一熔体断开电路，或在电弧能量或弹力作用下可驱动第一触发电路与第一激励装置的信号接收端导电连接为第一激励装置发送触发信号；第一激励装置根据接收的触发信号断开第一导体。
可选地，第一激励装置的信号接收端与外部信号触发电路导电连接为第一激励装置发送触发信号。
可选地，当第一熔体熔断后持弧状态下，驱动第一激励装置的信号接收端与外部信号触发电路断开后，与第一触发电路导电连接为第一激励装置提供触发信号。
可选地，在第一熔体处还并联有第三触发电路，第三触发电路与第一激励装置导电连接；当第一熔体正常工作时，所述第三触发电路不为第一激励装置发送触发信号，当第一熔体熔断后，第三触发电路为第一激励装置发送触发信号。
可选地，第三触发电路包括变压器和整流电桥；变压器的高压端与第一熔体并联，低压端与外部触发电路和第一激励源连接的导线连接；整流电桥串联在变压器的低压端电路中。
可选地，还包括第二激励装置，第二激励装置接收触发信号动作断开所述第一导体；所述第一熔体还并联有第二触发电路，第二触发电路与第二激励装置的信号接收端导电连接；
当第一熔体正常工作状态下，第二触发电路不为第二激励装置发送触发信号；当第一熔体熔断，第二触发电路为第二激励装置发送触发信号。
可选地，第二激励装置包括第二激励源、第二切断装置，第一熔体穿设在第一熔体壳体中，当第一熔体熔断，第二触发电路导通发送激励信号给第二激励源，第二激励源动作，驱动第二切断装置位移，驱动第一熔体壳体带动第一熔体整体位移，与第一导体和第二导体上脱离。
可选地，还设置有传动装置，在第一触发电路或第一激励装置的导线一端设置有第一开关装置，当第一熔体熔断时，在电弧能量或弹力作用下可驱动传动装置动作，传动装置驱动第一开关装置动作,使第一触发电路与第一激励装置的信号接收端导电连接为第一激励装置提供触发信号。
可选地，在第一激励装置的信号接收端导电连接有第一开关装置，所述第一激励装置通过第一开关装置与外部触发信号电路导电连接；当第一熔体熔断时，在电弧能量或弹力作用下驱动传动装置动作，传动装置驱动所述第一开关装置动作断开第一激励装置与外部触发信号电路连接后，使第一触发电路与第一激励装置的导线通过第一开关装置导电连接。
可选地，所述第一开关装置为两导电连接件，导电连接件的两端分别与外部触发信号电路、第一激励装置信号接收端通过导线导电连接；当第一熔体熔断时，其产生的电弧能量驱动传动装置动作，传动装置断开所述导电连接件后，驱动与第一激励装置导电连接的导电连接件部分与第一触发电路导电连接。
可选地，所述第一熔体并联有第二熔体；所述传动装置包括弹簧和活塞结构；所述第二熔体束缚所述弹簧呈压缩状态；当所述第一熔体熔断后第二熔体熔断，所述活塞结构在弹力作用下动作，驱动第一触发电路与第一激励装置的信号接收端导电连接为第一激励装置提供触发信号。
可选地，第一熔体或第二熔体位于空腔中，传动装置封闭所述空腔。
可选地，所述传动装置为柔性膜，所述柔性膜封闭第一熔体或第二熔体；或所述传动装置为活塞结构。
可选地，第一熔体或第二熔体所在的空腔中填充有灭弧介质。
可选地，所述第二熔体的电阻值高于所述第一熔体。
可选地，第一触发电路包括变压器，所述变压器高压端电路与第一熔体并联，变压器低压端电路与第一激励装置不导通；当第一熔体正常工作时，变压器低压端电路与第一激 励装置不导通；当第一熔体熔断，第一熔体熔断产生的电弧能量可驱动变压器的低压端电路与第一激励装置的信号接收端导电连接，第一触发电路为第一激励装置发送触发信号。
可选地，在所述变压器的高压端电路串联有控制电路通断的导通检测装置。
可选地，所述导通检测装置为有源或无源器件。
可选地，在所述变压器的低压端电路中串联有整流电桥。
本公开实施例提供的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，在正常状态下，第一触发电路不导通、第一激励装置与第一触发电路不连通；电流经第一导体和电流检测用的第一熔体流过。当第一熔体熔断，且熔断处未持弧状态下，电路则断开，第一触发电路、第一激励装置均不动作；当第一熔体熔断，且熔断处持弧时，熔断产生的电弧能量驱动第一触发电路与第一激励装置连通，将第一熔体处的电压信号作为触发信号发送给第一激励装置，第一激励装置动作，以机械方式断开第一导体，断开电路。
第一激励装置通过与外部触发信号连接，通过外部触发信号为第一激励装置提供触发信号；当第一熔体熔断，第一激励装置未动作切断第一导体断开电路时，第一熔体熔断处持弧，则通过第一熔体熔断产生的电弧能量驱动第一触发电路与第一激励装置导通为第一激励装置提供触发信号，第一激励装置动作以机械方式断开电路。通过增加外部触发电路提供外部触发信号和第一熔体熔断产生的自激励信号，实现双重保护。
通过增加第二触发电路和第二激励装置，在第一激励装置和第一熔体的基础上，增加了一重电路断开保障，确保保护装置可以断开电路，确保保护装置的安全可靠性。
本公开实施例提供的保护装置，可以主动断开电路，也可以在故障发生时，被动断开电路。通过多重保护，提高保护装置可靠性，可适用低压、高压等各种应用场景。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的第一开关连接在第一激励装置上的电路原理示意图。
图2是图1动作后，第一触发电路与第一激励装置连接后的电路原理示意图。
图3是实施例1中，第一开关连接在第一触发电路上的电路原理图。
图4是实施例2的第一开关连接在第一触发电路上的电路原理图。
图5是实施例3的增加了外部触发电路的电路原理示意图。
图6是实施例3中，第一触发电路包括变压器的电路原理示意图。
图7是实施例3的图6中第一熔体熔断后电路原理图。
图8是实施例4正常工作状态下电路原理图。
图9是实施例5增加第二激励装置和第二触发电路的电路原理图。
图10是图9中的第一熔体熔断后的电路原理图。
图11是实施例6第二激励装置设置在第二导体上的电路原理图。
图12是实施例7的传动装置的外观结构示意图。
图13是图12的传动装置剖视结构示意图。
图14是图13的A-A剖面结构示意图。
图15是实施例8并联有第二熔体的电路原理图。
图16是图15中传动装置一种结构示意图。
图17是图15中第二激励装置结构示意图。
其中：第一导体10、第一熔体20、第二导体30、第二熔体100、第一激励装置40、第一激励源401、第一导线4011、第二导线4012、外部触发电路450、单向导通器件4501、 第一开关50、第一触发电路60、第三导线601、第四导线602、变压器603、整流电桥604、导通检测装置605、传动装置70、活塞结构701、灭弧腔室702、凸块703、接线槽704、弹簧705、绝缘底盖706、第二激励装置80、第二激励源801、第二切断装置802、第二触发电路90、导通检测装置901。
具体实施方式
说明书中涉及到的上、下、左、右、前、后、顶、底等结构方位词语不对结构位置造成限制，仅为方便理解。
针对上述技术方案，现举较佳实施例并结合图示进行具体说明。
实施例1
参看图1，一种高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，包括依次串联连接的第一导体10、第一熔体20、第二导体30，电流经第一导体10、第一熔体20和第二导体30流过。第一熔体20要求在小故障电流情况下可以熔断，断开电流流经第一导体、第一熔体和第二导体的电路。
第一激励装置40设置在第一导体10一侧，在位于第一激励装置40处的第一导体10上可根据需要设置断开薄弱处101，降低机械强度。第一激励装置40在接收到触发信号时，第一激励装置40根据触发信号动作，从断开薄弱处切断第一导体10。
第一激励装置40包括第一激励源401、第一切断装置。第一激励源和第一切断装置设置在壳体中，第一导体10穿过该壳体。第一激励源和第一切断装置之间的结构满足第一激励源接收到触发信号后，释放的驱动力能够驱动第一切断装置位移切断第一导体从而断开电路。
第一激励源401采用气体发生装置，第一激励源401的信号接收端分别连接有第一导线4011和第二导线4012，在第一导线4011和第二导线4012的自由端导电连接有第一开关50。
第一激励源401根据接收到触发信号，加热，然后点火，释放高压气体。通过高压气体驱动第一切断装置动作，切断第一导体10，断开电路。
第一熔体20上并联有第一触发电路60，第一触发电路通过第三导线601和第四导线602分别与第一熔体20的一端连接，第三导线601和第四导线602不连接。第一触发电路60采集第一熔体20处的电压信号作为触发信号；在第一熔体正常工作状态下，第一触发电路60因为第三导线601和第四导线602不连接而不导通；第一触发电路60与第一激励源401上通过导线连接的第一开关50也不连接。
第一激励源为气体发生装置，气体发生装置根据接收到的触发信号进行点火，然后释放高压气体产生驱动力。以下各实施例中，激励源均同实施例1。
工作原理：
在正常工作状态下，电流流经第一熔体20，第一熔体20两端间的电压很小。当故障电流产生，第一熔体20最先熔断，当故障电流为小电流时，第一熔体20熔断处产生的电弧很小，很快通过空气灭弧或设置第一熔体处的灭弧介质灭弧，通过第一熔体熔断断开电流流经第一熔体的电路。此种情况下，由于电弧小，且快速熄灭，电弧能量也很小，无法驱动第一开关50与第一触发电路导电连接，导通第一触发电路，因此，第一触发电路、第一激励装置均不动作。
当故障电流比较大时，第一熔体20熔断时产生的电弧不能快速熄灭，在第一熔体熔断 处形成持弧，则在电弧能量下，驱动第一开关50位移与第一触发电路60的第三导线和第四导线连接，使第一触发电路与第一激励装置间连接，参看图2，第一触发电路将第一熔体两端的电压作为触发信号发送给第一激励装置的第一激励源，第一激励源动作，驱动第一切断装置以机械方式断开第一导体10形成断口，断开电流流经第一导体、第二导体和第一熔体的电路。
电弧能量驱动第一开关50位移时，在第一熔体20与第一开关50之间设置传动装置70，参看图12至图14，传动装置可以很好的隔绝电弧能量，将其隔绝在第一熔体周围，避免其散逸出去，对其他部件或器件造成损害。
传动装置可以是柔性膜包覆第一熔体，柔性膜为绝缘材质。在柔性膜与第一熔体间填充有灭弧介质。第一熔体熔断时，产生的电弧能量驱动柔性膜伸张，通过柔性膜断开第一开关50，然后驱动与第一激励源连接的一端向第一触发电路的导线一端位移，并与第一触发电路的导电连接，接通第一激励源与第一触发电路的连接，第一触发电路将第一熔体两端的电压信号作为触发信号发送给第一激励源，使第一激励源工作。
传动装置可以是活塞结构，将第一熔体放置的空腔中，在空腔中填充灭弧介质，活塞结构封闭该空腔。活塞结构为绝缘材质。第一熔体熔断时，产生的电弧能量驱动活塞结构位移，通过活塞结构断开第一开关50，然后驱动与第一激励源连接的一端向第一触发电路的导线一端位移，并与第一触发电路的导电连接，接通第一激励源与第一触发电路的连接，第一触发电路将第一熔体两端的电压信号作为触发信号发送给第一激励源，使第一激励源工作。
传动装置还可以是液压传动的方式。
第一开关50也可以连在第一触发电路一端，参看图3，其结构、动作原理均与连接在第一激励装置上相同。
在本实例中，采用第一熔体熔断断开电路，及第一熔体熔断时不能断开电路的情况下，通过第一熔体熔断时产生的电弧能量驱动第一触发电路与第一激励装置连接，为第一激励装置提供触发信号，断开第一导体断开电路。本实施例中，采用两重保护，提高保护装置工作可靠性。
实施例2
与实施例1的区别在于，增加了外部触发电路450。参看图4，第一开关50连接在第一触发电路60上。第一激励装置40的第一激励源401通过第一导线4011和第二导线4012与外部触发电路450导电连接。
通过外部触发电路450为第一激励装置40提供触发信号，第一激励装置断开第一导体10断开电路。
第一熔体20上并联有第一触发电路60，第一触发电路60通过第三导线601和第四导线602分别与第一熔体20的两端连接，第三导线601和第四导线602不连接。第三导线601和第四导线602的一端导电连接第一开关50。电流经第一导体10、第一熔体20、第二导体30流过。
传动装置70设置在第一熔体20与第一开关50之间。
正常工作状态下，电流经第一导体10、第一熔体20、第二导体30流过。外部触发电路450不动作，第一激励装置40不动作。
当外部触发电路450动作条件满足时，通过外部触发电路450为第一激励装置提供触 发信号，第一激励装置在接收到触发信号后，动作切断第一导体10。外部触发电路450动作条件是根据外部控制条件，即客户端的控制系统决定。外部控制条件可以是零电流时，某个特定条件下发送触发信号，或设定某个阈值，指标超过该阈值时，控制外部触发电路450动作，为第一激励装置提供触发信号，触发第一激励装置动作断开第一导体10。
当故障电流发生，外部触发电路450没有给第一激励源发送触发信号，第一熔体20熔断，如果第一熔体20熔断处没有持弧，则第一熔体20熔断断开电路；
如果第一熔体20熔断处形成持弧，积聚的电弧能量驱动传动装置驱动第一触发电路60上的第一开关50位移与第一激励装置的第一激励源信号接收端导电连接，使第一触发电路与第一激励源导通，为第一激励源401发送触发信号，第一切断装置动作切断第一导体10断开电路。
由于第一触发电路60的第一开关50在驱动下与第一激励装置40信号接收端连通，同时，也与外部触发电路450连通，为了不使第一熔体20断口两端的高电压对外部触发电路045造成影响，在外部触发电路450中设置有防止电流从保护装置内向外部触发电路流入的单向导通元器件，比如二极管。
实施例3
在实施例2的基础上进行改进。参看图5，第一导体10和第二导体30之间串联连接有第一熔体20。
第一激励装置40通过第一开关50与外部触发电路450导电连接。外部触发电路450为相关技术，在此则不再赘述。
第一熔体20上并联有第一触发电路60，第一触发电路60通过第三导线601和第四导线602分别与第一熔体20的两端连接，第三导线601和第四导线602不连接。第一触发电路60与第一激励装置40、外部触发电路450均不连接。
电流流经第一导体10、第一熔体20和第二导体30。
通过外部触发电路450为第一激励装置提供触发信号，第一激励装置在接收到触发信号后，动作切断第一导体10。外部触发电路450动作条件是根据外部控制条件，即客户端的控制系统决定。外部控制条件可以是零电流时，某个特定条件下发送触发信号，或设定某个阈值，指标超过该阈值时，控制外部触发电路450动作，为第一激励装置提供触发信号，触发第一激励装置动作断开第一导体10。
当第一熔体20熔断未产生持弧，则第一熔体20断开电路；
当第一熔体20熔断处产生持弧产生的电弧能量驱动传动装置70动作，传动装置70位移驱动第一开关50断开第一激励装置40与外部触发电路450之间的连接，然后驱动第一开关50与第一触发电路60导电连接，使第一触发电路与第一激励装置导电连接，为第一激励装置提供触发信号。
为了工作可靠性，在第一触发电路的第三导线和第四导线上可以导电连接提高工作可靠性的各种元器件或电路。
图6为图5的一种具体电路图，连接在第一熔体20两端的第三导线601和第四导线602与变压器603的高压端电路6031导电连接，使变压器的高压端电路与第一熔体20并联连接，变压器的低压端电路6032与第一激励装置40的第一激励源401之间不连接。在低压端电路中串联有整流电桥604。
第一激励装置40的第一激励源401的信号接收端分别通过第一导线4011和第二导线 4012与第一开关50连接，外部触发电路450通过第一开关50与第一激励源401导电连接。
工作原理：
正常工作状态下，第一触发电路60与第一激励源之间不导通。外部触发电路450不发送触发信号给第一激励源。
当外部触发电路450动作条件满足时，通过外部触发电路450为第一激励装置提供触发信号，第一激励装置在接收到触发信号后，动作切断第一导体10。外部触发电路450动作条件是根据外部控制条件，即客户端的控制系统决定。外部控制条件可以是零电流时，某个特定条件下发送触发信号，或设定某个阈值，指标超过该阈值时，控制外部触发电路450动作，为第一激励装置提供触发信号，触发第一激励装置动作断开第一导体10。
当故障电流发生，外部触发电路450没有给第一激励源发送触发信号，则第一熔体20熔断，如果第一熔体20熔断处没有持弧，则第一熔体20熔断断开电路；
如果第一熔体20熔断处形成持弧，参看图7，积聚的电弧能量驱动传动装置断开第一开关与外部触发电路450的连接，使第一开关50与第一触发电路60的低压端导电连接，使第一触发电路与第一激励源导通，为第一激励源401发送触发信号，第一切断装置动作切断第一导体10断开电路。
为了进一步提高工作可靠性，在变压器高压端串联连接有导通检测装置605，在正常工作状态下，导通检测装置605不导通。导通检测装置605为有源、无源器件或可实现通断控制的导通检测电路，比如TVS管，MOSFET管等；可实现通断控制的导通检测电路为常规电路技术，在此则不再赘述。当第一熔体正常工作，导通检测装置605不导通。当第一熔体熔断，导通检测装置605导通。
在外部触发电路450上串联设置有单向导通器件，保证触发信号只能从外部触发电路450一端向第一激励源401发送。
实施例4
图8是图5的基础上增加了一重保护的电路原理图。参看图8，第一触发电路60包括并联连接在第一熔体20两端的第三导线601和第四导线602，第三导线601和第四导线602自由端不连接，也与第一激励源401不连接。为了更好的提高第一触发电路的可靠性，在第一触发电路的第三导线和第四导线上可以根据需要导电连接各种元器件或电路。
外部触发电路450通过第一开关50与第一激励源401导电连接。当第一开关50被外力驱动时，可位移与第三导线601和第四导线602导电连接，使第一激励源401与第一触发电路60导电连接。
在第一熔体20处还并联有第三触发电路60a。第三触发电路60a包括变压器60a-1、整流电桥60a-2。变压器60a-1的高压端与第一熔体20并联，低压端与外部触发电路450和第一激励源401连接的导线连接。整流电桥60a-2串联在低压端电路中，将变压后的触发信号经整流后发送给第一激励源401。通过变压器60a-1的高压端和低压端，将保护装置的高压与低压隔离，保证器件的安全可靠性。在正常工作状态时，由于第一熔体20处的电压很小，经过变压器后，变压器低压端的电压非常小，几乎可忽略不计，因此，在正常工作状态下，第三触发电路无法向第一激励源发送触发信号，第一激励源不动作。第三触发电路不限于图8中的电路结构，第三触发电路的结构仅需满足第一熔体熔断，第三触发电路为第一激励源发送触发信号即可。
正常工作状态下，电流经第一导体10、第一熔体20、第二导体30流过。
工作原理
正常工作状态下，第一触发电路60与第一激励源401之间不导通。外部触发电路450和第三触发电路不发送触发信号给第一激励源。
当外部触发电路450动作条件满足时，通过外部触发电路450为第一激励装置提供触发信号，第一激励装置在接收到触发信号后，动作切断第一导体10。外部触发电路450动作条件是根据外部控制条件，即客户端的控制系统决定。外部控制条件可以是零电流时，某个特定条件下发送触发信号，或设定某个阈值，指标超过该阈值时，控制外部触发电路450动作，为第一激励装置提供触发信号，触发第一激励装置动作断开第一导体10。
当故障电流发生，外部触发电路450没有给第一激励源发送触发信号，则第一熔体20熔断，如果第一熔体20熔断处没有持弧，则第一熔体20熔断断开电路。
如果第一熔体20熔断处形成持弧，第一熔体熔断处的电压骤然升高，第三触发电路60a的变压器将第一熔体熔断处的高电压变压为低电压，经整流后发送给第一激励源401作为触发信号，第一激励源401动作，驱动第一切断装置断开第一导体10断开电路；
如果第一熔体20熔断，在电路断开前，积聚的电弧能量驱动传动装置70动作，断开第一开关50与外部触发电路450的连接，使第一开关50与第一触发电路60导电连接，从而使第一触发电路60与第一激励源401导通，将第一熔体熔断处的电压信号作为触发信号发送给第一激励源401，第一激励源401动作，第一切断装置动作切断第一导体10断开电路。
为了进一步提高工作可靠性，在变压器高压端串联连接有导通检测装置60a-3，在正常工作状态下，导通检测装置60a-3不导通。导通检测装置60a-3为有源、无源器件或可实现通断控制的导通检测电路，比如TVS管，MOSFET管等；可实现通断控制的导通检测电路为常规电路技术，在此则不再赘述。当第一熔体正常工作，导通检测装置60a-3不导通。当第一熔体熔断，导通检测装置60a-3导通。
在外部触发电路450上串联设置有单向导通器件，保证触发信号只能从外部触发电路450一端向第一激励源401发送。本实施例中，通过增加第三触发电路，使保护装置多了一重备用保护，形成四重保护，可靠性更好。
上述第三触发电路的具体电路结构不限于在电路中设置变压器和整流电桥来实现，只要能保证在第一熔体正常工作状态下第三触发电路不发送触发信号，在第一熔体熔断后第三触发电路发送触发信号即可。
实施例5
参看图9，在图5的基础上，在第一导体10一侧还设置有第二激励装置80，在第一熔体20上并联有第二触发电路90，第二触发电路90与第二激励装置80的第二激励源801通过导线导电连接。第二激励装置80包括第二激励源801和第二切断装置802，第二激励源根据接收到的第二触发电路发送的触发信号动作，驱动第二切断装置切断第一导体10断开电路。
第一触发电路60与图5中的第一触发电路60相同，第二触发电路90具体实现电路可参考实施例4中图8中第三触发电路60a的结构。第二触发电路90不限于图8中第三触发电路60a的结构，只要满足在第一熔体正常工作时，不会发送触发信号给第二激励装置即可。
正常工作状态时，电流经第一导体10、第一熔体20、第二导体30流过。
工作原理：
在第一熔体正常工作时，电流经第一导体10、第一熔体20、第二导体30流过。第一触发电路60与第一激励装置40不连接，第一激励装置不动作；由于第一熔体处的电压非常低，第二触发电路不发送触发信号给第二激励装置，第二激励装置也不动作。
当外部触发电路450动作条件满足时，通过外部触发电路450为第一激励装置40提供触发信号，第一激励装置在接收到触发信号后动作切断第一导体10。外部触发电路450动作条件是根据外部控制条件，即客户端的控制系统决定。外部控制条件可以是零电流时，某个特定条件下发送触发信号，或设定某个阈值，指标超过该阈值时，控制外部触发电路450动作，为第一激励装置提供触发信号，触发第一激励装置动作断开第一导体10。
当故障电流发生，外部触发电路450没有给第一激励源发送触发信号，则第一熔体20熔断，如果第一熔体20熔断处没有持弧，则第一熔体20熔断断开电路。
如果第一熔体20熔断处形成持弧，第一熔体熔断处的电压骤然升高，第二触发电路90将第一熔体熔断处的电压信号作为触发信号发送给第二激励源801，第二激励源801动作，驱动第二切断装置断开第一导体10断开电路；
如果第一熔体20熔断，在电路断开前，积聚的电弧能量驱动传动装置70动作，断开第一开关50与外部触发电路450的连接，使第一开关50与第一触发电路60导电连接，从而使第一触发电路60与第一激励源401导通，将第一熔体熔断处的电压信号作为触发信号发送给第一激励源401，第一激励源401动作，第一切断装置动作切断第一导体10断开电路。
通过增加第二触发电路和第二激励装置，当第一熔体20熔断后，第二触发电路先动作，发送触发信号给第二激励装置，第二激励装置先动作。只有等第一熔体20熔断后积聚的电弧能量驱动第一开关动作，导通第一触发电路与第一激励装置，第一激励装置才动作。
为了进一步提高第二触发电路的可靠性，在第二触发电路90中串联有导通检测装置901，导通检测装置901为有源、无源器件或可实现通断控制的导通检测电路，比如TVS管，MOSFET管等；可实现通断控制的导通检测电路为常规电路技术，在此则不再赘述。当第一熔体正常工作，导通检测装置901不导通，当第一熔体熔断，导通检测装置901导通。
本实施例通过两组激励装置和两组触发电路、结合外部触发电路，可以确保在其中一个触发电路失效或激励源失效时，另一个激励源能够动作切断电路，提高了产品的可靠性。
图9中的第二触发电路和第二激励装置也可以基于图8的基础上增加，在图8的基础上增加第二触发电路和第二激励装置，形成的保护装置具有五重保护。
实施例6
参看图11，在图9的基础上，将第二激励装置80设置在第二导体30上，其余结构相同。第一激励装置动作时切断第一导体10，第二激励装置80动作时，切断第二导体30。
工作原理同实施例5。
实施例7
在本实施例中，对传动装置的结构进行描述。参看图12至图14，传动装置70设置在第一熔体20处，传动装置70包括绝缘的壳体，在壳体中设置有一端开口的空腔，第一熔体20穿设在空腔中，通过活塞结构701将第一熔体20所在空腔部分密封形成灭弧腔室702，在灭弧腔室702中填充有灭弧介质，灭弧介质为沙子等可以灭弧的材料。在活塞结构701 的冲击端面与空腔开口端保留有一定位移距离。活塞结构701采用绝缘材质。
活塞结构701，与传动装置的壳体的接触面处设置有限位结构，比如在活塞结构701接触面处设置凸块703，在传动装置的壳体接触面处设置凹槽，使凸块嵌入在凹槽中形成限位结构，以保持活塞结构701的初始位置。在传动装置的壳体内周壁上设置有滑槽，活塞结构701卡设在滑槽中，可沿滑槽位移。活塞结构701与传动装置的壳体为密封接触，可以通过密封圈或过盈配合实现密封。当活塞结构701在第一熔体熔断产生的电弧能量驱动下位移，由于活塞结构701的密封作用，灭弧腔室702中的灭弧介质也不会泄露。
第一触发电路60的第三导线601和第四导线602设置在传动装置的壳体的外周，分别与第一导体10、第二导体30导电连接，连接方式通过焊接、螺栓固定或其他方式连接。第三导线601和第四导线602的一端折弯位于活塞结构701的位移方向的前方，彼此间保留有足够的绝缘距离，如图7所示。
第一开关50设置在活塞结构701的冲击端面位移前方。第一开关50包括平行间隔设置的两导电连接件501，在导线连接件501上设置有降低机械强度的断开薄弱处5011。
导电连接件501设置在传动装置壳体的空腔开口一端处，与第三导线601和第四导线602间保留有足够的绝缘距离，导电连接件501位于第三导线601和第四导线602与活塞结构701冲击端面之间。当活塞结构701位移时，断开导电连接件501后，驱动与第一激励源连接的一端的导电连接件部分位移，使其与第三导线601和第四导线602导电接触，使第一触发电路与第一激励装置导电连接。
在传动装置70的壳体的外周侧设置有接线槽704，第一导线4011和第二导线4012分别穿过接线槽704后分别与导电连接件501一端导电连接。导电连接件501也可以不通过导线与第一激励源连接，而是直接将导电连接件501一端延长使其直接与第一激励源连接。
导电连接件501一端与第一激励源401的信号接收端通过导线连接，另一端为自由端或导电连接件501另一端也可以与外部信号触发电路450导电连接。
当故障电流为小电流时，第一熔体20熔断，产生的电弧小，能够瞬间熄灭，第一熔体20断开电路，由于产生的电弧能量小，无法驱动活塞结构动作，则第一激励装置不动作；当故障电流为大电流时，第一熔体20熔断，产生较大的电弧，在第一熔体熔断处形成持弧，则电路无法通过第一熔体熔断而断开，此时产生的电弧能量比较大，能够驱动活塞结构701克服限位结构而位移动作，切断导电连接件501的断开薄弱处，活塞结构701继续驱动与第一激励源401连接的导电连接件501部分位移与第三导线和第四导线导电连接，连通第一触发电路和第一激励装置。
实施例8
该实施例是在实施例5的基础上做出的改变。
第一熔体20串联在第一导体10和第二导体30间。参看图15，第二激励装置80设置在第一熔体20处，即第一熔体20位于第二激励装置80内。第二触发电路90并联在位于第二激励装置80外侧的第一熔体20的两端，第二触发电路90与第二激励源801导电连接。当第一熔体20熔断，第二触发电路将触发信号发送给第二激励源，第二激励源动作，驱动第二切断装置动作切断第一熔体20。由于第二切断装置为绝缘材质，第二切断装置断开第一熔体20时位于第一熔体20的断开处，将第一熔体20断开处进行绝缘隔离。
在第二激励装置80的中的第一熔体20处设置有灭弧介质。第二切断装置断开设置在灭弧介质中的第一熔体的结构是相关技术，在此则不再赘述。
在位于第二激励装置80外侧的第一熔体20的两端还并联有第二熔体100，第二熔体100的电阻值高于第一熔体20，如康铜丝等。在第二熔体100处设置有传动装置70，通过传动装置70的动作切断外部触发电路与第一激励源之间的连接，驱动第一触发电路与第一激励源导电连接。
在正常工作状态下，电流经第一熔体20流过，第二熔体100上仅有很小部分的电流流过。因此，第二熔体100的电阻远大于第一熔体20电阻。当第一熔体20熔断，经过第一熔体20的电流大部分都经第二熔体100流过，第二熔体100熔断，第二熔体熔断可驱动传动装置70动作。
第二熔体熔断时，如果通过电弧能量驱动传动装置70动作，传动装置70的结构可参考实施例7的传动装置结构。
在本实例中，另外举另外一种传动装置结构进行说明。参看图16，传动装置70包括壳体、壳体具有一端开口的空腔。壳体空腔底部为绝缘底盖706，在壳体空腔处设置弹簧705、及绝缘的活塞结构701、导电连接件501、第一导线4011和第二导线4012。绝缘底盖706封闭壳体一端。弹簧705一端固定设置在绝缘底盖706上。活塞结构701位于弹簧705的另一端。第二熔体100穿过绝缘袋盖706、弹簧705后穿过活塞结构701上设置有拉钩束缚活塞结构701。通过束缚活塞结构701将弹簧705压缩在绝缘底盖706和活塞结构701之间。活塞结构701封闭壳体空腔，在外力作用下活塞结构701可沿壳体位移。在活塞结构701与绝缘盖板706之间的壳体空腔内填充有灭弧介质。
第一触发电路60的第三导线601和第四导线602一端设置在传动装置70壳体空腔开口一端的端面处，位于活塞结构701的位移方向的前方，彼此间保留有足够的绝缘距离。第三导线601和第四导线602的另一端分别连接在第一熔体20位于第二激励装置外侧的两端，连接方式通过焊接、螺栓固定或其他方式连接，第一触发电路60与第一熔体20呈并联连接。
第一开关50包括平行间隔设置的两导电连接件501，在导线连接件501上设置有降低机械强度的断开薄弱处。
导电连接件501设置在传动装置壳体的空腔开口一端处，与第三导线601和第四导线602间保留有足够的绝缘距离，两导电连接件501位于第三导线601和第四导线602与活塞结构701冲击端面之间。当活塞结构701位移时，断开导电连接件501后，驱动与第一激励源401连接的一端的导电连接件501部分位移，使其与第三导线601和第四导线602分别导电接触，使第一触发电路60与第一激励装置40导电连接。
参看图17，第二激励装置80包括壳体，第二激励源801、第二切断装置802，第一熔体20位于壳体内。第二触发电路90与第二激励源801的信号接收端通过导线导电连接。在第一导体10和第二导体30相邻一端上开设有降低机械强度的断开薄弱处，断开薄弱处为V型缺口。在第二激励装置80的壳体内，在第一熔体20的外周设置有第一熔体壳体201，第一熔体壳体201卡设在第一导体10和第二导体30相邻一端的断开薄弱处。在第一熔体壳体201内填充有灭弧介质。第一熔体壳体201和第二切断装置为绝缘材质。第一熔体壳体201在外力驱动下，可相对第二激励装置的壳体位移。
当第一熔体20熔断，第二触发电路90导通，第二触发电路90采集第一熔体20电压作为触发信号发送给第二激励源801，第二激励源801动作，驱动第二切断装置802位移，驱动第一熔体壳体201位移，从第一导体10和第二导体30相邻的断开薄弱处断开。第一 熔体20熔断时产生的电弧由灭弧介质灭弧。
工作原理：
正常工作状态下，电流经第一导体10、第一熔体20、第二导体30流过。
故障电流发生时，第一熔体20熔断，第一熔体20熔断后，第二触发电路90导通，发送触发信号给第二激励装置的第二激励源，第二激励源动作后驱动第二切断装置驱动第一熔体壳体201位移，从第一导体和第二导体相邻一端的断开薄弱处断开，第一熔体壳体201带动第一熔体与第一导体和第二导体脱离，第一熔体产生的电弧在第一熔体壳体201内的灭弧介质中灭弧。
第一熔体20熔断后，电流经第二熔体100流过，第二熔体100熔断，弹簧705失去束缚，在弹力作用下，活塞结构701位移切断导电连接件501，并驱动断开后的导电连接件501位移，分别与第三导线、第四导线导电连接，接通第一触发电路和第一激励装置，将触发信号发送给第一激励装置，第一激励装置动作，断开第一导体10断开电路。第二熔体100熔断产生的电弧在灭弧介质中灭弧。
采用在第一熔体处并联第二熔体，使传动装置不被约束设置在第一熔体一侧，根据实际结构需要，传动设置可以设置在远离第一熔体的位置处。同时，由于并联了电阻比较大的第二熔体，当电流流经第二熔体时，第二熔体上的电流降低，当第二熔体熔断时，产生的电弧比较小，产生的电弧能量小，很容易灭弧断开电路。因此，并联第二熔体时，第二熔体处的电弧能量降低，为了确保第一触发电路与第一激励源导通，采用弹簧力作为驱动力比较好。
也可以不并联第二熔体100，将活塞结构701束缚在第一熔体20上，通过第一熔体20熔断，使活塞结构701失去束缚，在弹力作用下驱动活塞结构701动作。
工业实用性
本公开实施例提供了一种高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，在正常状态下，第一触发电路不导通、第一激励装置与第一触发电路不连通；电流经第一导体和电流检测用的第一熔体流过。当第一熔体熔断，且熔断处未持弧状态下，电路则断开，第一触发电路、第一激励装置均不动作；当第一熔体熔断，且熔断处持弧时，熔断产生的电弧能量驱动第一触发电路与第一激励装置连通，将第一熔体处的电压信号作为触发信号发送给第一激励装置，第一激励装置动作，以机械方式断开第一导体，断开电路。
第一激励装置通过与外部触发信号连接，通过外部触发信号为第一激励装置提供触发信号；当第一熔体熔断，第一激励装置未动作切断第一导体断开电路时，第一熔体熔断处持弧，则通过第一熔体熔断产生的电弧能量驱动第一触发电路与第一激励装置导通为第一激励装置提供触发信号，第一激励装置动作以机械方式断开电路。通过增加外部触发电路提供外部触发信号和第一熔体熔断产生的自激励信号，实现双重保护。
通过增加第二触发电路和第二激励装置，在第一激励装置和第一熔体的基础上，增加了一重电路断开保障，确保保护装置可以断开电路，确保保护装置的安全可靠性。
本公开的保护装置，可以主动断开电路，也可以在故障发生时，被动断开电路。通过多重保护，提高保护装置可靠性，可适用低压、高压等各种应用场景。
此外，可以理解的是，本申请的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置是可以重现的，并且可以用在多种工业应用中。例如，本申请的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置可以用于电力控制和电动汽车领域。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，包括依次串联连接的第一导体、第一熔体、第二导体，第一激励装置；
    所述第一熔体并联连接有第一触发电路；
    在第一熔体正常工作状态下，所述第一触发电路与所述第一激励装置不导通；
    当第一熔体熔断时，第一熔体断开电路，或在电弧能量或弹力作用下可驱动第一触发电路与第一激励装置的信号接收端导电连接为第一激励装置发送触发信号；第一激励装置根据接收的触发信号断开第一导体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，第一激励装置的信号接收端与外部信号触发电路导电连接为第一激励装置发送触发信号。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，当第一熔体熔断后持弧状态下，驱动第一激励装置的信号接收端与外部信号触发电路断开后，与第一触发电路导电连接为第一激励装置提供触发信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，在第一熔体处还并联有第三触发电路，第三触发电路与第一激励装置导电连接；当第一熔体正常工作时，所述第三触发电路不为第一激励装置发送触发信号，当第一熔体熔断后，第三触发电路为第一激励装置发送触发信号。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，第三触发电路包括变压器和整流电桥；变压器的高压端与第一熔体并联，低压端与外部触发电路和第一激励源连接的导线连接；整流电桥串联在变压器的低压端电路中。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，还包括第二激励装置，第二激励装置接收触发信号动作断开所述第一导体；
    所述第一熔体还并联有第二触发电路，第二触发电路与第二激励装置的信号接收端导电连接；
    当第一熔体正常工作状态下，第二触发电路不为第二激励装置发送触发信号；当第一熔体熔断，第二触发电路为第二激励装置发送触发信号。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，第二激励装置包括第二激励源、第二切断装置，第一熔体穿设在第一熔体壳体中，当第一熔体熔断，第二触发电路导通发送激励信号给第二激励源，第二激励源动作，驱动第二切断装置位移，驱动第一熔体壳体带动第一熔体整体位移，与第一导体和第二导体脱离。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，还设 置有传动装置，在第一触发电路或第一激励装置的导线一端设置有第一开关装置，当第一熔体熔断时，在电弧能量或弹力作用下可驱动传动装置动作，传动装置驱动第一开关装置动作,使第一触发电路与第一激励装置的信号接收端导电连接为第一激励装置提供触发信号。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，在第一激励装置的信号接收端导电连接有所述第一开关装置，所述第一激励装置通过所述第一开关装置与外部触发信号电路导电连接；当第一熔体熔断时，在电弧能量或弹力作用下驱动传动装置动作，传动装置驱动所述第一开关装置动作断开第一激励装置与外部触发信号电路连接后，使第一触发电路与第一激励装置的导线通过第一开关装置导电连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，所述第一开关装置为两导电连接件，导电连接件的两端分别与外部触发信号电路、第一激励装置信号接收端通过导线导电连接；当第一熔体熔断时，其产生的电弧能量驱动传动装置动作，传动装置断开所述导电连接件后，驱动与第一激励装置导电连接的导电连接件部分与第一触发电路导电连接。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，所述第一熔体并联有第二熔体；所述传动装置包括弹簧和活塞结构；所述第二熔体束缚所述弹簧呈压缩状态；当所述第一熔体熔断后第二熔体熔断，所述活塞结构在弹力作用下动作，驱动第一触发电路与第一激励装置的信号接收端导电连接为第一激励装置提供触发信号。
  12. 根据权利要求9或11所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，第一熔体或第二熔体位于空腔中，传动装置封闭所述空腔。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，所述传动装置为柔性膜，所述柔性膜封闭第一熔体或第二熔体；或所述传动装置为活塞结构。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，第一熔体或第二熔体所在的空腔中填充有灭弧介质。
  15. 根据权利要求11至14中任一项所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，所述第二熔体的电阻值高于所述第一熔体。
  16. 根据权利要求1至7、9至11、13至14中任一所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，第一触发电路包括变压器，所述变压器高压端电路与第一熔体并联，变压器低压端电路与第一激励装置不导通；当第一熔体正常工作时，变压器低压端电路与第一激励装置不导通；当第一熔体熔断，第一熔体熔断产生的电弧能量可驱动变压器的低压端电路与第一激励装置的信号接收端导电连接，第一触发电路为第一激励装置发送触发信号。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，在所述变压器的高压端电路串联有控制电路通断的导通检测装置。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，所述导通检测装置为有源或无源器件。
  19. 根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的高可靠性主被动一体保护装置，其特征在于，在所述变压器的低压端电路中串联有整流电桥。
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