WO2023179064A1 - 海洋水能发电装置 - Google Patents

海洋水能发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023179064A1
WO2023179064A1 PCT/CN2022/133615 CN2022133615W WO2023179064A1 WO 2023179064 A1 WO2023179064 A1 WO 2023179064A1 CN 2022133615 W CN2022133615 W CN 2022133615W WO 2023179064 A1 WO2023179064 A1 WO 2023179064A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wire wheel
elastic
winding spool
gear
power generation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/133615
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王万强
王雄飞
Original Assignee
王万强
王雄飞
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 王万强, 王雄飞 filed Critical 王万强
Publication of WO2023179064A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023179064A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G1/00—Spring motors
    • F03G1/02—Spring motors characterised by shape or material of spring, e.g. helical, spiral, coil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of power generation, and in particular, to a marine hydropower power generation device.
  • tidal energy power plants can usually only be deployed at a very small number of bay entrances and estuaries where tidal energy is abundant.
  • the ocean water energy currently developed and utilized can only be Accounting for a very small part, the vast majority of ocean water energy is being ignored, but human society is always in a situation of energy shortage. If more ocean water energy can be developed and utilized, it will not only solve the energy crisis faced by civilization. , and can alleviate the carbon emission problem.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide an ocean water power generation device that has a simple structure, is easy to lay out, and has stable output power.
  • An ocean water energy power generation device including:
  • An energy collection mechanism which includes a floating component and a conversion mechanism.
  • the floating component can fluctuate with the seawater.
  • the conversion mechanism is drivingly connected to the floating component for converting the wave energy of the floating component into rotational energy;
  • An energy storage mechanism includes a first winding spool group, a second winding spool group and an elastic thread capable of elastic stretching and contraction.
  • the two ends of the elastic thread are respectively connected to the first winding spool group and the A second winding spool group is connected to and wound on the first winding spool group and/or the second winding spool group;
  • the first winding spool group when the first winding spool group is drivingly connected to the conversion mechanism, the first winding spool group rotates in one direction and winds the elastic thread driven by the conversion mechanism, and the The second winding spool group releases the elastic thread, and the winding speed of the first winding spool group is greater than the unwinding speed of the second winding spool group to tighten the elastic thread and tighten the elastic thread.
  • the rotational energy of the conversion mechanism is converted into elastic potential energy of the elastic line and stored;
  • the elastic thread contracts and drives the first winding spool group to rotate in the opposite direction to convert the stored elastic potential energy into rotation.
  • the second winding spool group winds the elastic thread in a relaxed state.
  • the first winding spool group includes a first wire wheel for winding the elastic wire in a tensioned state and a locking mechanism for locking The first wire wheel is used to limit the rotation of the first wire wheel.
  • the second set of winding spools includes:
  • a driving device which is drivingly connected to the second wire wheel and used to drive the second wire wheel to rotate to wind the elastic wire in a relaxed state
  • restriction mechanism connected to the second wire wheel, the restriction mechanism being configured to allow the second wire wheel to be allowed to rotate when the elastic wire stretches the second wire wheel and causes the torsion generated by the second wire wheel to be greater than the first torsion.
  • the second wire wheel rotates and releases the elastic wire, and when the torsion generated by the second wire wheel is less than the first torsion, the rotation of the second wire wheel is restricted.
  • the limiting mechanism includes a first gear and an elastic arm, the first gear is drivingly connected to the second wire wheel, and one end of the elastic arm extends into the tooth groove of the first gear;
  • the elastic arm is configured to deform and come out of the tooth groove of the first gear when the torque generated by the first gear is greater than the second torque to allow the first gear and the second wire wheel to rotate. ; When the torque generated by the first gear is less than or equal to the second torque, the first gear is blocked to limit the rotation of the second wire wheel.
  • the elastic arm is configured to be able to rotate around a rotation center at its other end, and a first stop component and a second stop component are respectively provided on the rotation path of the elastic arm;
  • the first stop component is located in one rotation direction of the elastic arm and is used to limit the rotation angle of the elastic arm in the rotation direction to release the elastic wire in the second wire wheel and drive the When the first gear rotates, the elastic arm is restricted from rotating out of the tooth slot of the first gear;
  • the second stop component is located in another rotation direction of the elastic arm and is used to limit the rotation angle of the elastic arm in the other rotation direction to wind the elastic wire on the second wire wheel.
  • the conversion mechanism includes:
  • a first rotating shaft which is drivingly connected to the first winding spool group through the switching mechanism
  • a third wire wheel is disposed on the first rotating shaft.
  • the third wire wheel is configured to rotate around the first rotating shaft in two opposite directions and can transmit data to the first rotating shaft when rotating along one of the directions.
  • Power, the third pulley is wound with a first pull rope and is connected to the floating component through the first pull rope;
  • a coil spring which is arranged on the first rotating shaft, and both ends of the coil spring are connected to the first rotating shaft and the third wire wheel respectively;
  • the third wire wheel drives the coil spring to tighten; when the pulling force of the floating component is reduced
  • the coil spring is released and drives the third wire wheel to rotate in another opposite direction, and the third wire wheel winds the first pulling rope.
  • one side of the floating component is connected to the first pulling rope, and the other side of the floating component is connected to the seabed through a second pulling rope;
  • the third wire wheel is drivingly connected to the first rotating shaft through a one-way ratchet, so that the third wire wheel transmits power to the first rotating shaft when rotating along the one direction.
  • the switching mechanism includes a first rotary member, a second rotary member, a third rotary member and a moving mechanism.
  • the first rotary member, the second rotary member and the third rotary member are the same.
  • the shafts are arranged and spaced apart along the axial direction, the first rotating part is drivingly connected to the conversion mechanism, the second rotating part is drivingly connected to the first winding spool group, and the third rotating part is drivingly connected to the
  • the power generation mechanism is drivingly connected, the opposite end surfaces of the first rotary part and the second rotary part are respectively provided with first snap-in structures that can engage with each other, the second rotary part and the third rotary part are The opposite end faces are respectively provided with second snap-in structures that can engage with each other.
  • the moving mechanism is used to drive the second rotary member to move in the axial direction, so that the second rotary member passes through the first snap-in structure.
  • the connecting structure is engaged with the first rotating component, or the second rotating component is engaged with the third rotating component through the second engaging structure.
  • the switching mechanism is drivingly connected to a first gear set, and the first gear set can be drivingly connected to the first winding spool set through the switching mechanism;
  • the power generation mechanism includes a second gear set, a flywheel and a generator.
  • the first winding spool set can be transmission connected to the second gear set through the switching mechanism.
  • the second gear set is connected to the flywheel through the flywheel.
  • the generator is drivingly connected.
  • the marine hydropower generation device includes a plurality of energy storage mechanisms.
  • a part of the energy storage mechanism is drivingly connected to the conversion structure for energy storage, another part of the energy storage mechanism is connected to all the energy storage mechanisms.
  • the power generation mechanism is transmission connected to drive the power generation mechanism to generate electricity.
  • the marine hydropower generation device can switch the energy storage process and the energy release process of the energy storage mechanism by switching the transmission relationship of the first winding spool group through the switching mechanism.
  • the energy collection mechanism and The energy storage mechanisms cooperate with each other to enrich the energy dispersed in the ocean water energy into the energy storage mechanism in the form of elastic potential energy, and the elastic threads that can be wound by the first winding spool group and the second winding spool group are
  • the length is usually longer, and the elastic thread usually has a larger stretch ratio, so the energy storage capacity of the energy storage mechanism is larger; during the energy release process, the relaxed elastic thread and the elastic thread are gradually wound through the second winding wheel.
  • the first winding wheel gradually releases the elastic thread in a tensioned state.
  • the elastic thread shrinks and drives the first winding wheel to rotate, which in turn drives the power generation mechanism to generate electricity. Within a certain period of time, it can drive the power generation device to generate electricity continuously and stably and output power. Stablize.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a marine hydropower generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a marine hydropower generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial structural diagram of the energy storage device
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the restriction mechanism
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the switching mechanism
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the second rotary member
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the ocean water energy power generation device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 100-energy collection mechanism 101-floating component; 102-conversion mechanism; 103-first rotating shaft; 104-third wire wheel; 105-coil spring; 106-first pulling rope; 107-second pulling rope; 108 -First gear set;
  • 300-energy storage mechanism 301-first winding spool group; 302-first wire wheel; 303-locking mechanism; 304-first motor; 305-telescopic rod; 306-sensor; 307-pressure plate; 308-th Two winding spool groups; 309-second wire wheel; 310-second motor; 311-limiting mechanism; 312-first gear; 313-elastic arm; 314-roller; 315-first stop member; 316-second Stop component; 317-elastic line; 318-first identification part;
  • inventions of the present invention provide an ocean water energy power generation device that can generate electricity using the energy contained in ocean water energy.
  • the ocean hydropower power generation device includes a power generation mechanism 400, an energy collection mechanism 100, an energy storage mechanism 300 and a switching mechanism 200.
  • the power generation mechanism 400 is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • the power generation mechanism 400 may include one or more of various types of generators 404 such as a DC generator, an alternator, a synchronous generator, an asynchronous generator, etc.
  • the specific type of the generator 404 is not specified here. It is limited as long as it can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • the energy collection mechanism 100 includes a floating component 101 and a conversion mechanism 102.
  • the floating component 101 can fluctuate with the seawater.
  • the conversion mechanism 102 is drivingly connected to the floating component 101 for converting the wave energy of the floating component 101 into rotation. able.
  • the floating component 101 can be understood as being able to swing with the flow of the sea water 500 as the sea water fluctuates, and can also be understood as being able to float in the depth direction of the coastal water 500 as the water level changes. Of course, it can also include movement such as rotation. , the movement form of the floating component 101 is not limited here, as long as it can drive the rotating mechanism 102 to generate rotational energy.
  • the energy storage mechanism 300 includes a first winding spool group 301, a second winding spool group 308 and an elastic wire 317 that can elastically stretch and contract. Both ends of the elastic wire 317 are respectively connected to the first winding spool group. 301 is connected to the second winding bobbin group 308 and wound on the first winding bobbin group 301 and/or the second winding bobbin group 308 .
  • the first winding bobbin group 301 is used to wind or release the elastic wire 317 in a tensioned state
  • the second winding bobbin group 308 is used to wind or release the elastic wire 317 in a relaxed state.
  • the first winding bobbin group 301 When one of the second winding bobbin groups 308 winds the elastic wire 317, the other one releases the elastic wire 317, by configuring the winding speed and unwinding speed of the first winding bobbin group 301 and the second winding bobbin group 308. , can achieve the purpose of tensioning the elastic wire 317 to store energy or contracting the elastic wire 317 to release energy.
  • the winding speed of the first winding bobbin group 301 during energy storage can be N times the winding speed of the second winding bobbin group 308 .
  • one elastic thread 317 may be provided between the first winding spool group 301 and the second winding spool group 308, or multiple elastic threads 317 may be arranged in parallel.
  • the switching mechanism 200 is used to switch the first winding spool group 301 to be in driving connection with the conversion mechanism 102 , or to switch the first winding spool group 301 to be in driving connection with the power generation mechanism 400 .
  • the switching mechanism 200 can be used to switch the transmission connection relationship of the first winding spool group 301 to switch the energy storage process and the energy release process of the energy storage mechanism 300.
  • the switching mechanism 200 can also switch the first winding spool group 301 to disconnect from both the conversion mechanism 102 and the power generation mechanism 400.
  • the energy storage mechanism 300 is in an energy storage state or a standby state.
  • the energy storage mechanism 300 is in an energy storage process.
  • the first winding spool group 301 is driven by the conversion mechanism 102 to rotate in one direction and wind the elastic wire 317
  • the second winding spool group 308 releases the elastic wire 317
  • the The winding speed of the first winding spool group 301 is greater than the winding speed of the second winding spool group 308 to tighten the elastic wire 317 and convert the rotation energy of the conversion mechanism 102 into the elastic wire.
  • the elastic potential energy of 317 is stored.
  • the energy storage mechanism 300 When the first winding spool group 301 is drivingly connected to the power generation mechanism 400, the energy storage mechanism 300 is in an energy releasing process.
  • the elastic thread 317 contracts and drives the first winding spool group 301 to rotate in the opposite direction.
  • the second winding spool set 308 winds the elastic thread 317 in a relaxed state to store the stored elastic thread 317 .
  • the elastic potential energy is converted into rotational energy and drives the power generation mechanism 400 to generate electricity.
  • the marine hydropower generation device switches the transmission relationship of the first winding spool group 301 through the switching mechanism 200, and can switch the energy storage process and the energy release process of the energy storage mechanism 300.
  • the collection mechanism 100 and the energy storage mechanism 300 cooperate with each other to enrich the energy dispersed in the ocean water energy into the energy storage mechanism 300 in the form of elastic potential energy, and the first winding spool group 301 and the second winding spool group 308
  • the length of the elastic thread 317 that can be wound is usually longer, and the elastic thread 317 usually has a larger stretch ratio, so the energy storage mechanism 300 has a larger energy storage capacity; during the energy release process, the second winding
  • the bobbin group 308 gradually winds the elastic wire 317 in a relaxed state and the first winding bobbin group 301 gradually releases the elastic wire 317 in a tensioned state.
  • the elastic wire 317 contracts and drives the first winding wheel to rotate, thereby driving the power generation mechanism 400 to generate electricity.
  • the first winding spool group 301 includes a first wire wheel 302 and a locking mechanism 303.
  • the first wire wheel 302 is used for winding in a tensioned state.
  • the elastic wire 317, the locking mechanism 303 is used to lock the first wire wheel 302 to limit the rotation of the first wire wheel 302.
  • basically the entire elastic wire 317 is wound around the first wire wheel 302.
  • the first wire wheel 302 can be locked by the locking mechanism 303 to prevent the first wire wheel 302 from being released in an uncontrolled manner.
  • Elastic potential energy is also be locked through the locking mechanism 303 to prevent the elastic potential energy from being released.
  • a first identification portion 318 can be provided near the end of the elastic wire 317 connected to the second winding spool group 308.
  • the locking mechanism 303 can include a first motor 304, a telescopic rod 305 and a sensor 306.
  • the sensor 306 is provided adjacent to the second winding spool group 308 for sending a signal to the first motor 304 after detecting that the line segment where the first identification portion 318 is located is released from the second winding spool group 308.
  • the telescopic rod 305 is set At a position adjacent to the rim of the first wire wheel 302, one end of the telescopic rod 305 is facing the rim of the first wire wheel 302.
  • the first motor 304 is drivingly connected to the telescopic rod 305.
  • the first motor 304 When the first motor 304 receives a signal, it controls The telescopic rod 305 extends toward the rim of the first wire wheel 302 and presses against the rim of the first wire wheel 302 to lock the first wire wheel 302 and limit the rotation of the first wire wheel 302.
  • the end of the telescopic rod 305 opposite to the first wire wheel 302 can be provided with a pressure plate 307.
  • the telescopic rod 305 can press the rim of the first wire wheel 302 through the pressure plate 307.
  • the shape of the pressure plate 307 can be the same as that of the first wire wheel 302.
  • the surface of the pressure plate 307 that is in contact with the rim of the first wire wheel 302 may also be provided with friction patterns, for example.
  • the first identification part 318 can be identification lines of different colors, and the sensor 306 can be, for example, an image acquisition device. When the image acquisition device recognizes that the identification line is released by the second wire wheel 309, the first motor 304 is Send a signal.
  • the first identification portion 318 can also be, for example, a magnetic body or a bump, and accordingly, the sensor 306 can be, for example, a Hall sensor 306 or a micro switch.
  • the above-mentioned locking mechanism 303 is only an exemplary implementation.
  • the locking mechanism 303 may also be locked by, for example, engaging with the first wire pulley 302 or locking the first wire pulley 302 .
  • the second winding spool group 308 may include a second wire wheel 309 , a driving device and a limiting mechanism 311 .
  • the second wire wheel 309 is used to wind or release all the wires in a slack state.
  • the elastic wire 317; the driving device may include, for example, a second motor 310.
  • the second motor 310 may be drivingly connected to the second wire wheel 309 for driving the second wire wheel 309 to rotate to wind the loose wire.
  • Elastic wire 317; limiting mechanism 311 is connected to the second wire wheel 309.
  • the limiting mechanism 311 is configured to allow the second wire wheel 309 to rotate and release when the torque generated by the second wire wheel 309 is greater than the first torque.
  • the elastic wire 317 restricts the rotation of the second wire wheel 309 when the torque generated by the second wire wheel 309 is less than the first torque.
  • the first winding spool group 301 winds the elastic wire 317, and the elastic wire 317 gradually stretches from a relaxed state to a tensioned state.
  • the pulling force exerted by the elastic wire 317 on the second wire wheel 309 gradually increases.
  • the torque generated by the second wire wheel 309 also gradually increases.
  • the torque generated by the second wire wheel 309 is less than the first torque, it indicates that the elastic wire 317 has not been fully stretched to the tensioned state, and the rotation of the second wire wheel 309 is restricted by the limiting mechanism 311.
  • the first winding spool group 301 continues to stretch the elastic thread 317 to store energy.
  • the torsion generated by the second wire wheel 309 is greater than the first torsion, it indicates that the elastic thread 317 has been stretched to a tensioned state, and continued stretching may exceed
  • the endurance limit of the elastic wire 317 releases the restriction of the second wire wheel 309 by the restriction mechanism 311, allowing the second wire wheel 309 to rotate and releasing the elastic wire 317. Afterwards, the pulling force exerted by the elastic wire 317 on the second wire wheel 309 decreases, and the limiting mechanism 311 may restrict the rotation of the second wire wheel 309 again.
  • the winding speed of the first winding spool group 301 can be greater than the unwinding speed of the second winding spool group 308, and the elastic thread 317 can be stretched, thereby achieving the first winding spool group 301.
  • the rotational energy is converted into elastic potential energy of the elastic line 317 for the purpose of storage.
  • the sizes of the first wire wheel 302 and the second wire wheel 309 can be the same or different, and the axes of the first wire wheel 302 and the second wire wheel 309 can be arranged parallel to each other.
  • the first wire wheel 302 and the second wire wheel 309 can be arranged parallel to each other.
  • the axes of the second wire wheels 309 may also be non-parallel to each other.
  • the limiting mechanism 311 includes a first gear 312 and an elastic arm 313 .
  • the first gear 312 is drivingly connected to the second wire wheel 309 , and one end of the elastic arm 313 Extending into the tooth groove of the first gear 312; the elastic arm 313 is configured to: deform when the torsion generated by the first gear 312 is greater than the second torsion and move from the tooth groove of the first gear 312. disengage to allow the first gear 312 and the second wire wheel 309 to rotate; when the torque generated by the first gear 312 is less than or equal to the second torque, the first gear 312 is blocked to limit the The second wire wheel 309 rotates.
  • the first gear 312 can be arranged coaxially with the second wire wheel 309, the elastic arm 313 can be arranged along the radial direction of the first gear 312, and one end of the elastic arm 313 can extend into the wheel groove of the first gear 312,
  • the other end of the elastic arm 313 can be fixed, for example, on the body or bracket of the ocean water power generation device.
  • the other end of the elastic arm 313 can also be rotatably connected to the body or bracket of the ocean water power generation device.
  • the torque generated by the second wire wheel 309 gradually increases, and the torque generated by the first gear 312 connected with it also gradually increases, and the first gear 312 applies to the elastic arm
  • the pushing force of one end of the elastic arm 313 gradually increases, and the deformation amount of the elastic arm 313 gradually increases, until the other end of the elastic arm 313 comes out of the tooth groove of the first gear 312 due to the excessive deformation amount, and the pressure on the first gear 312 and the first gear 312 is released.
  • the second wire wheel 309 is restricted, and the second wire wheel 309 starts to pay off the wire.
  • the elastic arm 313 When the first gear 312 rotates through a certain angle, the elastic arm 313 resets, and one end of the elastic arm 313 re-extends into the wheel groove of the first gear 312 .
  • the elastic arm 313 can be a spring piece, and a roller 314 can be provided at one end of the elastic arm 313 to facilitate the sliding of one end of the elastic arm 313 from the wheel groove of the first gear 312 to avoid the elastic arm 313 and the second gear 312.
  • One gear 312 is stuck with each other.
  • the elastic arm 313 is configured to be able to rotate around a rotation center at its other end, and a first stopper component 315 and a second stopper component 316 are respectively provided on the rotation path of the elastic arm 313;
  • the first stop component 315 is located in one rotation direction of the elastic arm 313 and is used to limit the rotation angle of the elastic arm 313 in the rotation direction to release the elastic wire at the second wire wheel 309 317 and drives the first gear 312 to rotate, restricting the elastic arm 313 from rotating out of the tooth groove of the first gear 312;
  • the second stop member 316 is located on the other side of the elastic arm 313.
  • the elastic arm 313 rotates out from the tooth groove of the first gear 312 .
  • the first stop member 315 can restrict the elastic arm 313 from rotating in one rotation direction, so that the elastic arm 313 can limit the rotation speed of the second wire wheel 309, thereby achieving the purpose of stretching the elastic wire 317 for energy storage.
  • the second stop member 316 allows the elastic arm 313 to rotate in the other rotation direction within a certain rotation angle range, thereby avoiding restricting the rotation of the second wire wheel 309 and preventing the elastic arm 313 from excessively rotating away from the first gear. 312.
  • the wire releasing speed of the second wire wheel 309 can also be limited by means such as damping or torque detection to achieve tensioning of the elastic wire 317 for the purpose of energy storage.
  • the switching mechanism 102 may include a first rotating shaft 103 , a third wire wheel 104 and a coil spring 105 .
  • the first rotating shaft 103 communicates with the first winding through the switching mechanism 200 .
  • the line spool group 301 is transmission connected; a third line wheel 104 is provided on the first rotating shaft 103, and the third line wheel 104 is configured to rotate around the first rotating shaft 103 along two opposite directions and to rotate along one of the directions.
  • a coil spring 105 is provided On the first rotating shaft 103, both ends of the coil spring 105 are connected to the first rotating shaft 103 and the third wire wheel 104 respectively.
  • the floating component 101 fluctuates and pulls the third wire wheel 104 to rotate along the one direction through the first pulling rope 106
  • power is transmitted to the first rotating shaft 103 and drives the first winding through the first rotating shaft 103.
  • the wire spool group 301 winds the elastic wire 317 to store energy.
  • the third wire wheel 104 also drives the coil spring 105 to tighten.
  • the coil spring 105 When the tension of the floating component 101 is reduced, the coil spring 105 is released and drives the third wire wheel 104 to rotate in the opposite direction, and the third wire wheel 104 winds the first pulling rope 106, In order to achieve the purpose of recovering the first pulling rope 106, and when the third wire wheel 104 rotates in the other direction, it will not transmit power to the first rotating shaft 103, nor will it drive the first winding spool group 301 to rotate, to avoid The first winding spool group 301 is caused to reverse.
  • the top of the floating component 101 is connected to the first pulling rope 106
  • the bottom of the floating component 101 is connected to the seabed through a second pulling rope 107 .
  • a base or anchor component can be set on the seabed, and the bottom of the floating component 101 can be connected to the base or anchor component through a second pull rope 107 to prevent the floating component 101 from swinging randomly, so that the floating component 101 can be controlled under control. Under such circumstances, the energy contained in ocean water energy can be efficiently collected.
  • the third wire wheel 104 is drivingly connected to the first rotating shaft 103 through a one-way ratchet, so as to transmit power to the first rotating shaft 103 in a single direction through the one-way ratchet.
  • a ratchet can be provided on the inner rim of the third wire wheel 104
  • a pawl can be provided on the first rotating shaft 103.
  • the floating component 101 can also convert the swing or floating of the floating component 101 into a rotational motion through, for example, a rack and pinion transmission mechanism or other types of transmission mechanisms. , thereby driving the first winding spool group 301 to rotate to achieve the purpose of enriching energy.
  • the switching mechanism 200 includes a first rotary member 201 , a second rotary member 202 , a third rotary member 203 and a moving mechanism 204 .
  • the first rotary member 201, the second rotary member 202 and the third rotary member 203 are coaxially arranged and sequentially spaced along the axial direction.
  • the first rotary member 201 is drivingly connected to the conversion mechanism 102
  • the second rotating part 202 is drivingly connected to the first winding spool group 301
  • the third rotating part 203 is drivingly connected to the power generation mechanism 400
  • the first rotating part 201 and the second rotating part The opposite end surfaces of the second rotary member 202 and the third rotary member 203 are respectively provided with first snap-in structures 208 that can engage with each other. Connect structure 209.
  • the second rotary member 202 can be driven by the moving mechanism 204 to move axially in one direction.
  • the second rotary member 202 is connected to the first rotary member through the first snap-in structure 208
  • the rotating member 201 is engaged, so that the conversion mechanism 102 can drive the first winding spool group 301 to rotate through the first rotating member 201 and the second rotating member 202 to wind the elastic wire 317 .
  • the second rotary member 202 can be driven by the moving mechanism 204 or the second rotary member 202 can be moved axially in another direction.
  • the second rotary member 202 passes through the second clamping structure. 209 is engaged with the third rotating member 203.
  • the first winding spool group 301 can drive the power generation mechanism 400 to operate to convert elastic potential energy into electrical energy.
  • the moving mechanism 204 may include, for example, a third motor 205 and a screw rod 206.
  • the second rotary member 202 may be provided with a nut 207.
  • the screw rod 206 is threadedly connected to the nut 207.
  • the third motor 205 is connected to the screw rod 206.
  • the first clamping structure 208 may include a clamping block protruding on the end surface of the second rotating member 202 and a clamping groove provided on the end surface of the first rotating member 201.
  • the second clamping structure 209 may include The clamping block is protruding on the opposite end surface of the second rotary member 202 , and the clamping groove is provided on the end face of the third rotary member 204 .
  • a nut 207 can be provided on the outer ring of the ball bearing
  • a clamping block can be provided on the inner ring of the ball bearing, as shown in Figure 6 .
  • switching mechanism 200 can be implemented using a variety of clutch structures, and is not limited to the specific structure in the above example.
  • the switching mechanism 102 is drivingly connected to the first gear set 108
  • the first gear set 108 can be drivingly connected to the first winding spool set 301 through the switching mechanism 200 .
  • the transmission ratio can be adjusted through the first gear set 108 to improve transmission efficiency.
  • the power generation mechanism 400 includes a second gear set 401 , a flywheel 402 , a third gear set 403 and a generator 404 , and the first winding spool set 301 can pass through the
  • the switching mechanism 200 is drivingly connected to the second gear set 401
  • the second gear set 401 is drivingly connected to the third gear set 403 through the flywheel 402
  • the third gear set 403 is connected to the generator 404 Transmission connection.
  • the flywheel 402 can store inertial potential energy to ensure the smooth operation of the generator 404, thereby ensuring stable output power of the generator 404.
  • one set of gear sets or multiple sets of gear sets can be selected according to actual needs.
  • only the second gear set 401 can be set, or on the basis of setting the second gear set 401 and the third gear set 403, Other gear sets can also be configured.
  • the ocean water power generation device includes a plurality of energy storage mechanisms 300 .
  • a part of the energy storage mechanisms 300 is drivingly connected to the conversion mechanism 102 for energy storage
  • Another part of the energy storage mechanism 300 is drivingly connected to the power generation mechanism 400 to drive the power generation mechanism 400 to generate electricity. In this way, the continuous and stable operation of the generator 404 can be ensured.

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Abstract

一种海洋水能发电装置，包括发电机构（400）、能量收集机构（100）、储能机构（300）和切换机构（200）；能量收集机构（100）包括浮动部件（101）和转换机构（102）；储能机构（300）包括第一绕线线轴组（301）、第二绕线线轴组（302）和能够弹性拉伸和收缩的弹性线（317）；切换机构（200）用于将第一绕线线轴组（301）切换为与转换机构（102）传动连接或者与发电机构（400）传动连接。该海洋水能发电装置结构简单、易于布设且输出功率稳定。

Description

海洋水能发电装置 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及发电技术领域，尤其涉及一种海洋水能发电装置。
背景技术
随着巴黎协定的签署和落实，减少碳排放的需求越发迫切，这就要求减少化石燃料的使用量，提高清洁能源的占比。在众多清洁能源中，水能资源因其巨大的储量和较好的稳定性而具有较好的开发前景。实际上，人类对于河流中的水能资源的开发利用技术已经较为成熟且较为普遍，但对于海洋能源的开发利用却极少且技术成熟度较差。
地球70％是海洋，广袤的海洋蕴藏着巨大的能量。目前，对海洋能源开发利用较为成熟的技术似乎只有潮汐能发电，而现有的潮汐能发电仍然采用与河流中的水利发电类似的发电原理。即，在潮差较大的海湾入口或河口修筑堤坝形成水库，在坝内或坝侧安装水轮发电机组，利用堤坝两侧潮汐涨落的水位差驱动水轮发电机组发电。这样的发电原理严重限制了潮汐能发电厂的应用场景，导致潮汐能发电厂通常只能布置在极少数的潮汐能较为丰富的海湾入口和河口处，致使目前所开发利用的海洋水能能只占极小一部分，极大部分的海洋水能处于弃之不顾状态，但人类社会却又时刻处于能源短缺的境地，如果能够更多地开发利用海洋水能，不仅可以解决人类面临的能源危机问题，而且能够缓解碳排放问题。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明实施例提供了一种海洋水能发电装置，该海洋水能发电装置结构简单、易于布设且输出功率稳定。
为解决上述问题，本发明实施例提供的技术方案是：
一种海洋水能发电装置，包括：
发电机构，其用于将机械能转化为电能；
能量收集机构，其包括浮动部件和转换机构，所述浮动部件能够随海水波动，所述转换机构与所述浮动部件传动连接用于将所述浮动部件的波动能转换为转动能；
储能机构，其包括第一绕线线轴组、第二绕线线轴组和能够弹性拉伸和收缩的弹性线，所述弹性线的两端分别与所述第一绕线线轴组和所述第二绕线线轴组连接，并卷绕在所述第一绕线线轴组和/或所述第二绕线线轴组上；
切换机构，其用于将所述第一绕线线轴组切换为与所述转换机构传动连接，或者将所述第一绕线线轴组切换为与所述发电机构传动连接；
其中，当所述第一绕线线轴组与所述转换机构传动连接时，所述第一绕线线轴组在所述转换机构的带动下向一个方向转动并卷绕所述弹性线，所述第二绕线线轴组释放所述弹性线，且所述第一绕线线轴组的绕线速度大于所述第二绕线线轴组的放线速度，以张紧所述弹性线，将所述转换机构的转动能转化为所述弹性线的弹性势能予以储存；
当所述第一绕线线轴组与所述发电机构传动连接时，所述弹性线收缩并带动所述第一绕线线轴组向相反的另一个方向转动，以将储存的弹性势能转换为转动能，并带动所述发电机构进行发电，所述第二绕线线轴组卷绕处于松弛状态的所述弹性线。
在一些实施例中，所述第一绕线线轴组包括第一线轮和锁定机构，所述第一线轮用于卷绕处于张紧状态的所述弹性线，所述锁定机构用于锁定所述第一线轮以限制所述第一线轮转动。
在一些实施例中，所述第二绕线线轴组包括：
第二线轮，其用于卷绕或释放处于松弛状态的所述弹性线；
驱动装置，其与所述第二线轮传动连接，用于驱动所述第二线轮转动，以卷绕处于松弛状态的所述弹性线；
限制机构，其与所述第二线轮连接，所述限制机构构造为：在所述弹性线拉伸所述第二线轮并使所述第二线轮产生的扭力大于第一扭力时，允许所述第二线轮转动并释放所述弹性线，在所述第二线轮产生的扭力小于所述第一扭力时，限制所述第二线轮转动。
在一些实施例中，所述限制机构包括第一齿轮和弹性臂，所述第一齿轮与所述第二线轮传动连接，所述弹性臂的一端伸入所述第一齿轮的齿槽中；
所述弹性臂构造为：在所述第一齿轮产生的扭力大于第二扭力时发生形变并从所述第一齿轮的齿槽中脱出，以允许所述第一齿轮和所述第二线轮转动；在所述第一齿轮产生的扭力小于等于所述第二扭力时止挡所述第一齿轮，以限制所述第二线轮转动。
在一些实施例中，所述弹性臂构造为能够绕其另一端处的转动中心转动，所述弹性臂的转动路径上分别设置有第一止挡部件和第二止挡部件；
所述第一止挡部件位于所述弹性臂的一个转动方向上，用于限制所述弹性臂在该转动方向上的旋转角度，以在所述第二线轮释放所述弹性线并带动所述第一齿轮转动时，限制所述弹性臂从所述第一齿轮的齿槽中转出；
所述第二止挡部件位于所述弹性臂的另一个转动方向上，用于限制所述弹性臂在该另一个转动方向上的旋转角度，以在所述第二线轮卷绕所述弹性线并带动所述第一齿轮转动时，允许所述弹性臂从所述第一齿轮的齿槽中转出。
在一些实施例中，所述转换机构包括：
第一转轴，其通过所述切换机构与所述第一绕线线轴组传动连接；
第三线轮，其设置在所述第一转轴上，所述第三线轮构造为可绕所述第一转轴沿相反的两个转向转动且沿其中一个转向转动时能够向所述第一转轴传递动力，所述第三线轮上卷绕有第一牵拉绳并通过所述第一牵拉绳与所述浮动部件连接；
卷簧，其设置在所述第一转轴上，所述卷簧的两端分别与所述第一转轴和所述第三线轮连接；
当所述浮动部件波动，并通过所述第一牵拉绳拉动所述第三线轮沿该一个转向转动时，所述第三线轮带动所述卷簧收紧；当所述浮动部件的拉力消减时，所述卷簧释放并带动所述第三线轮沿相反的另一个转向转动，所述第三线轮卷绕所述第一牵拉绳。
在一些实施例中，所述浮动部件的一侧与所述第一牵拉绳连接，所述浮动部件的另一侧通过第二牵拉绳与海底连接；和/或
所述第三线轮通过单向棘轮与所述第一转轴传动连接，以使该第三线轮沿该一个转向转动时向所述第一转轴传递动力。
在一些实施例中，所述切换机构包括第一回转件、第二回转件、第三回转件和移动机构，所述第一回转件、所述第二回转件和所述第三回转件同轴布置且沿轴向依次间隔设置，所述第一回转件与所述转换机构传动连接，所述第二回转件与所述第一绕线线轴组传动连接，所述第三回转件与所述发电机构传动连接，所述第一回转件和所述第二回转件相对的端面上分别设有能够相互卡合的第一卡接结构，所述第二回转件和所述第三回转件相对的端面 上分别设有能够相互卡合的第二卡接结构，所述移动机构用于驱动所述第二回转件沿轴向移动，以使所述第二回转件通过所述第一卡接结构与所述第一回转件卡合，或者使所述第二回转件通过所述第二卡接结构与所述第三回转件卡合。
在一些实施例中，所述转换机构与第一齿轮组传动连接，所述第一齿轮组能够通过所述切换机构与所述第一绕线线轴组传动连接；和/或
所述发电机构包括第二齿轮组、飞轮和发电机，所述第一绕线线轴组能够通过所述切换机构与所述第二齿轮组传动连接，所述第二齿轮组通过所述飞轮与所述发电机传动连接。
在一些实施例中，所述海洋水能发电装置包括多个所述储能机构，在一部分所述储能机构与所述转换结构传动连接进行储能时，另一部分所述储能机构与所述发电机构传动连接以驱动所述发电机构进行发电。
本发明实施例的海洋水能发电装置，通过切换机构切换第一绕线线轴组的传动关系，能够切换储能机构的储能过程和释能过程，在储能过程中，通过能量收集机构和储能机构互相配合，能够将海洋水能中分散的能量以弹性势能的形式富集到储能机构中，而且第一绕线线轴组和第二绕线线轴组所能够卷绕的弹性线的长度通常较长，且弹性线通常具有较大的拉伸比，所以该储能机构的储能容量较大；在释能过程中，通过第二绕线轮逐渐卷绕松弛状态的弹性线和第一绕线轮逐渐释放处于张紧状态的弹性线，弹性线收缩并带动第一绕线轮旋转，进而带动发电机构发电，在一定时间范围内能够带动发电装置持续且稳定的发电，输出功率稳定。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的海洋水能发电装置的第一种实施例的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例的海洋水能发电装置的部分结构示意图；
图3为储能装置的部分结构示意图；
图4为限制机构的结构示意图；
图5为切换机构的结构示意图；
图6为第二回转件的结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例的海洋水能发电装置的第二种实施例的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
100-能量收集机构；101-浮动部件；102-转换机构；103-第一转轴；104-第三线轮；105-卷簧；106-第一牵拉绳；107-第二牵拉绳；108-第一齿轮组；
200-切换机构；201-第一回转件；202-第二回转件；203-第三回转件；204-移动机构；205-第三电机；206-丝杆；207-螺母；208-第一卡接结构；209-第二卡接结构；
300-储能机构；301-第一绕线线轴组；302-第一线轮；303-锁定机构；304-第一电机；305-伸缩杆；306-感应器；307-压板；308-第二绕线线轴组；309-第二线轮；310-第二电机；311-限制机构；312-第一齿轮；313-弹性臂；314-滚轮；315-第一止挡部件；316-第二止挡部件；317-弹性线；318-第一标识部；
400-发电机构；401-第二齿轮组；402-飞轮；403-第三齿轮组；404-发电机；
500-海水。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好的理解本发明实施例的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
参见图1和图2所示，本发明实施例提供了一种海洋水能发电装置，该海洋水能发电装置能够利用海洋水能所蕴含的能量进行发电。该海洋水能发电装置包括发电机构400、能量收集机构100、储能机构300和切换机构200。
发电机构400用于将机械能转化为电能。可选的，该发电机构400可包括直流发电机、交流发电机、同步发电机、异步发电机等多种类型的发电机404中的一种或多种，此处不对发电机404的具体类型进行限定，只要能够将机械能转化为电能即可。
能量收集机构100包括浮动部件101和转换机构102，所述浮动部件101能够随海水波动，所述转换机构102与所述浮动部件101传动连接用于将所述浮动部件101的波动能转换为转动能。可以理解的是，该浮动部件101随海水波动可理解为能够随海水500流动而摆动，也可理解为能够随水位变化而沿海水500的深度方向浮动，当然，也可包括例如转动等运动方式，此处并不限定浮动部件101的运动形式，只要能够带动转动机构102产生转动能即可。
储能机构300包括第一绕线线轴组301、第二绕线线轴组308和能够弹性拉伸和收缩的弹性线317，所述弹性线317的两端分别与所述第一绕线线轴组301和所述第二绕线线轴组308连接，并卷绕在所述第一绕线线轴组301和/或所述第二绕线线轴组308上。第一绕线线轴组301用于卷绕或释放处于张紧状态的弹性线317，第二绕线线轴组308用于卷绕或释放处于松弛状态的弹性线317，第一绕线线轴组301和第二绕线线轴组308中的一个卷绕弹性线317时，另一个释放弹性线317，通过配置第一绕线线轴组301和第二绕线线轴组308的绕线速度和放线速度，能够实现张紧弹性线317进行储能或使弹性线317收缩进行释能的目的。以弹性线317的拉伸比为N为例，则储能时第一绕线线轴组301的绕线速度可为第二绕线线轴组308的放线速度的N倍。可选的，第一绕线线轴组301和第二绕线线轴组308之间可设置一根弹性线317，也可并列设置多根弹性线317。
切换机构200用于将所述第一绕线线轴组301切换为与所述转换机构102传动连接，或者将所述第一绕线线轴组301切换为与所述发电机构400传动连接。使用时，可通过切换机构200切换第一绕线线轴组301的传动连接关系，来切换储能机构300的储能过程和释能过程。当然，切换机构200也可将第一绕线线轴组301切换为与转换机构102和发电机构400均断开连接，此时，储能机构300处于储能状态或待机状态。
当所述第一绕线线轴组301与所述转换机构102传动连接时，储能机构300处于储能过程。所述第一绕线线轴组301在所述转换机构102的带动下向一个方向转动并卷绕所述弹性线317，所述第二绕线线轴组308释放所述弹性线317，且所述第一绕线线轴组301的绕线速度大于所述第二绕线线轴组308的放线速度，以张紧所述弹性线317，将所述转换机构102的转动能转化为所述弹性线317的弹性势能予以储存。
当所述第一绕线线轴组301与所述发电机构400传动连接时，储能机构300处于释能过程。所述弹性线317收缩并带动所述第一绕线线轴组301向相反的另一个方向转动，所述第二绕线线轴组308卷绕处于松弛状态的所述弹性线317，以将储存的弹性势能转换为转动能，并带动所述发电机构400进行发电。
本发明实施例的海洋水能发电装置，通过切换机构200切换第一绕线线轴组301的传动关系，能够切换储能机构300的储能过程和释能过程，在储 能过程中，通过能量收集机构100和储能机构300互相配合，能够将海洋水能中分散的能量以弹性势能的形式富集到储能机构300中，而且第一绕线线轴组301和第二绕线线轴组308所能够卷绕的弹性线317的长度通常较长，且弹性线317通常具有较大的拉伸比，所以该储能机构300的储能量较大；在释能过程中，通过第二绕线线轴组308逐渐卷绕松弛状态的弹性线317和第一绕线线轴组301逐渐释放处于张紧状态的弹性线317，弹性线317收缩并带动第一绕线轮旋转，进而带动发电机构400发电，在一定时间范围内能够带动发电装置持续且稳定的发电，输出功率稳定。
配合图2和图3所示，在一些实施例中，所述第一绕线线轴组301包括第一线轮302和锁定机构303，所述第一线轮302用于卷绕处于张紧状态的所述弹性线317，所述锁定机构303用于锁定所述第一线轮302以限制所述第一线轮302转动。储能完成后，基本整根弹性线317均卷绕在第一线轮302上，之后，可通过锁定机构303锁定第一线轮302，避免第一线轮302在非受控的情况下释放弹性势能。当然，在储能过程中，如果出现无法继续储能的情况，也可通过该锁定机构303将第一线轮302锁定，避免弹性势能释放掉。
可选的，弹性线317靠近其与第二绕线线轴组308连接的一端处可设置有第一标识部318，锁定机构303可包括第一电机304、伸缩杆305和感应器306，感应器306设置在邻近第二绕线线轴组308处，用于在检测该第一标识部318所在线段从第二绕线线轴组308上释放之后，向第一电机304发送信号，伸缩杆305设置在邻近第一线轮302的轮缘的位置处，伸缩杆305的一端正对第一线轮302的轮缘，第一电机304与伸缩杆305传动连接，第一电机304接收到信号时控制伸缩杆305向第一线轮302的轮缘延伸并抵紧第一线轮302的轮缘，以锁定第一线轮302，限制第一线轮302转动。
可选的，伸缩杆305与所述第一线轮302相对的一端可设置有压板307，伸缩杆305可通过该压板307抵押第一线轮302的轮缘，该压板307的形状可与第一线轮302的轮缘的形状相对应，该压板307与第一线轮302的轮缘相接的一面还可设置有例如摩擦纹。
可选的，该第一标识部318可为不同颜色的标识线，感应器306可为例如图像采集装置，当图像采集装置识别到该标识线被第二线轮309释放，则 向第一电机304发送信号。当然，该第一标识部318也可为例如磁性体或凸块等，相应的，感应器306可为例如霍尔感应器306或微动开关等。
需要说明的是，上述锁定机构303仅为一种示例性的实现方式，在具体实施例，也可通过例如与第一线轮302相互卡接或者抱死第一线轮302的方式实现锁定第一线轮302的目的。
配合图2所示，在一些实施例中，所述第二绕线线轴组308可包括第二线轮309、驱动装置和限制机构311，第二线轮309用于卷绕或释放处于松弛状态的所述弹性线317；驱动装置可包括例如第二电机310，第二电机310可与所述第二线轮309传动连接，用于驱动所述第二线轮309转动，以卷绕处于松弛状态的所述弹性线317；限制机构311与所述第二线轮309连接，所述限制机构311构造为：在所述第二线轮309产生的扭力大于第一扭力时，允许所述第二线轮309转动并释放所述弹性线317，在所述第二线轮309产生的扭力小于所述第一扭力时，限制所述第二线轮309转动。
在储能过程中，第一绕线线轴组301卷绕弹性线317，弹性线317逐渐从松弛状态拉伸至张紧状态，这个过程中弹性线317施加给第二线轮309的拉力逐渐增加，第二线轮309产生的扭力也逐渐增加，当第二线轮309产生的扭力小于第一扭力时，则表明弹性线317尚未完全拉伸至张紧状态，通过限制机构311限制第二线轮309转动，使得第一绕线线轴组301继续拉伸弹性线317进行储能，当第二线轮309产生的扭力大于第一扭力时，则表明弹性线317已经拉伸至张紧状态，继续拉伸可能超越弹性线317的承受极限，解除限制机构311对第二线轮309的限制，允许第二线轮309转动并释放弹性线317。之后，弹性线317对第二线轮309施加的拉力降低，限制机构311可能重新限制第二线轮309转动。
如此，在储能过程中，能够实现第一绕线线轴组301的绕线速度大于第二绕线线轴组308的放线速度，拉伸弹性线317，从而实现将第一绕线线轴组301的转动能转化为弹性线317的弹性势能予以储存的目的。
可选的，第一线轮302和第二线轮309的尺寸可相同，也可不同，第一线轮302和第二线轮309的轴心可互相平行的布置，当然，第一线轮302和第二线轮309的轴心也可互相不平行。
配合图4所示，在一些实施例中，所述限制机构311包括第一齿轮312和弹性臂313，所述第一齿轮312与所述第二线轮309传动连接，所述弹性 臂313的一端伸入所述第一齿轮312的齿槽中；所述弹性臂313构造为：在所述第一齿轮312产生的扭力大于第二扭力时发生形变并从所述第一齿轮312的齿槽中脱出，以允许所述第一齿轮312和所述第二线轮309转动；在所述第一齿轮312产生的扭力小于等于所述第二扭力时止挡所述第一齿轮312，以限制所述第二线轮309转动。
可选的，第一齿轮312可与第二线轮309同轴布置，弹性臂313可沿第一齿轮312的半径方向布置，弹性臂313的一端可伸入到第一齿轮312的轮槽中，弹性臂313的另一端可固定在例如海洋水能发电装置的机体或支架上，弹性臂313的另一端也可转动地连接在海洋水能发电装置的机体或支架上。
在储能过程中，随着弹性线317逐渐张紧，第二线轮309产生的扭力逐渐增大，与之传动连接的第一齿轮312产生的扭力也逐渐增加，第一齿轮312施加给弹性臂313的一端的顶推力逐渐增加，弹性臂313的形变量逐渐增大，直至因形变量过大导致弹性臂313的另一端从第一齿轮312的齿槽中脱出，解除对第一齿轮312和第二线轮309的限制，第二线轮309开始放线。当第一齿轮312转过一定角度后，弹性臂313复位，其一端重新伸入到第一齿轮312的轮槽中。可选的，该弹性臂313可为一弹片，该弹性臂313的一端处可设置滚轮314，以利于弹性臂313的一端从第一齿轮312的轮槽中滑出，避免弹性臂313和第一齿轮312互相卡死。
在一些实施例中，所述弹性臂313构造为能够绕其另一端处的转动中心转动，所述弹性臂313的转动路径上分别设置有第一止挡部件315和第二止挡部件316；所述第一止挡部件315位于所述弹性臂313的一个转动方向上，用于限制所述弹性臂313在该转动方向上的旋转角度，以在所述第二线轮309释放所述弹性线317并带动所述第一齿轮312转动时，限制所述弹性臂313从所述第一齿轮312的齿槽中转出；所述第二止挡部件316位于所述弹性臂313的另一个转动方向上，用于限制所述弹性臂313在该另一个转动方向上的旋转角度，以在所述第二线轮309卷绕所述弹性线317并带动所述第一齿轮312转动时，允许所述弹性臂313从所述第一齿轮312的齿槽中转出。
在储能过程中，第一止挡部件315能够限制弹性臂313向该一个转动方向转动，使得弹性臂313能够限制第二线轮309的转速，实现拉伸弹性线317进行储能的目的，在释能过程中，第二止挡部件316允许弹性臂313在一定 的旋转角度范围内向该另一个转动方向转动，避免限制第二线轮309转动同时，还能够避免弹性臂313过度转离第一齿轮312。
需要说明的是，上述限制机构311仅为示例性的实现方式，在具体实施时，也可通过例如阻尼或扭力检测等方式来限制第二线轮309的放线速度，以实现张紧弹性线317进行储能的目的。
继续配合图2所示，在一些实施例中，所述转换机构102可包括第一转轴103、第三线轮104和卷簧105，第一转轴103通过所述切换机构200与所述第一绕线线轴组301传动连接；第三线轮104设置在所述第一转轴103上，所述第三线轮104构造为可绕所述第一转轴103沿相反的两个转向转动且沿其中一个转向转动时能够向所述第一转轴103传递动力，所述第三线轮104上卷绕有第一牵拉绳106并通过所述第一牵拉绳106与所述浮动部件101连接；卷簧105设置在所述第一转轴103上，所述卷簧105的两端分别与所述第一转轴103和所述第三线轮104连接。
当所述浮动部件101波动，并通过所述第一牵拉绳106拉动所述第三线轮104沿该一个转向转动时，向第一转轴103传递动力，并通过第一转轴103带动第一绕线线轴组301卷绕弹性线317，以进行储能，与此同时，所述第三线轮104还带动所述卷簧105收紧。
当所述浮动部件101的拉力消减时，所述卷簧105释放并带动所述第三线轮104沿相反的另一个转向转动，所述第三线轮104卷绕所述第一牵拉绳106，以实现回收第一牵拉绳106的目的，而且第三线轮104在该另一个转向上转动时并不会向第一转轴103传递动力，也不会带动第一绕线线轴组301转动，避免导致第一绕线线轴组301逆转。
可选的，所述浮动部件101的顶部与所述第一牵拉绳106连接，所述浮动部件101的底部通过第二牵拉绳107与海底连接。例如，可在海底设置基座或锚部件，该浮动部件101的底部可通过第二牵拉绳107与该基座或锚部件连接，以避免浮动部件101随意摆动，使得浮动部件101在受控的情况下能够高效的收集海洋水能中所蕴含的能量。
可选的，所述第三线轮104通过单向棘轮与所述第一转轴103传动连接，以通过所述单向棘轮单一转向的向所述第一转轴103传递动力。可选的，第三线轮104的内轮缘上可设置有棘轮，第一转轴103上可设置有棘爪，当第三线轮104沿着该一个转向转动时，棘爪与棘轮相互卡合，第三线轮104带 动第一转轴103转动，当第三线轮104沿着另一个转向转动时，第三线轮104无法通过棘轮和棘爪带动第一转轴103转动。
需要说明的是，上述转换机构102仅为示例性，在具体实施时，浮动部件101也可通过例如齿轮齿条传动机构或其他类型的传动机构，将浮动部件101的摆动或浮动转化为旋转运动，从而带动第一绕线线轴组301转动，以实现富集能量的目的。
配合图5和图6所示，在一些实施例中，所述切换机构200包括第一回转件201、第二回转件202、第三回转件203和移动机构204。所述第一回转件201、所述第二回转件202和所述第三回转件203同轴布置且沿轴向依次间隔设置，所述第一回转件201与所述转换机构102传动连接，所述第二回转件202与所述第一绕线线轴组301传动连接，所述第三回转件203与所述发电机构400传动连接，所述第一回转件201和所述第二回转件202相对的端面上分别设有能够相互卡合的第一卡接结构208，所述第二回转件202和所述第三回转件203相对的端面上分别设有能够相互卡合的第二卡接结构209。
在需要储能时，可通过所述移动机构204驱动所述第二回转件202沿轴向向一个方向移动，所述第二回转件202通过所述第一卡接结构208与所述第一回转件201卡合，如此，转换机构102通过该第一回转件201和第二回转件202能够带动第一绕线线轴组301转动，以卷绕弹性线317。
在需要释能时，可通过移动机构204驱动第二回转件202或者使所述第二回转件202沿轴向向另一个方向移动，所述第二回转件202通过所述第二卡接结构209与所述第三回转件203卡合，如此，第一绕线线轴组301能够带动发电机构400运转，以将弹性势能转化为电能。
可选的，该移动机构204可包括例如第三电机205和丝杆206，第二回转件202上可设置有螺母207，该丝杆206与螺母207螺纹连接，第三电机205与丝杆206传动连接。可选的，第一卡接结构208可包括凸设在第二回转件202的端面上的卡块，以及设置在第一回转件201的端面上的卡槽，第二卡接结构209可包括凸设在第二回转件202相对的另一端面上的卡块，以及设置在第三回转件204的端面上的卡槽。以该第二回转件202为滚珠轴承为例，滚珠轴承的外圈上可设置有螺母207，滚珠轴承的内圈上可设置有卡块，如图6所示。
需要说明的是，该切换机构200可采用多种离合式结构来实现，不仅限于上述示例中的具体结构。
在一些实施例中，所述转换机构102与第一齿轮组108传动连接，所述第一齿轮组108能够通过所述切换机构200与所述第一绕线线轴组301传动连接。通过第一齿轮组108能够调整传动比，提高传动效率。
配合图7所示，在一些实施例中，所述发电机构400包括第二齿轮组401、飞轮402、第三齿轮组403和发电机404，所述第一绕线线轴组301能够通过所述切换机构200与所述第二齿轮组401传动连接，所述第二齿轮组401通过所述飞轮402与所述第三齿轮组403传动连接，所述第三齿轮组403与所述发电机404传动连接。飞轮402能够储存惯性势能，确保发电机404平稳运行，进而确保发电机404的输出功率稳定。
在具体实施时，可根据实际需要选择设置一组齿轮组或多组齿轮组，例如，可仅设置第二齿轮组401，或者在设置第二齿轮组401和第三齿轮组403的基础上，还可设置其他齿轮组。
配合图7所示，在一些实施例中，所述海洋水能发电装置包括多个所述储能机构300，在一部分所述储能机构300与所述转换机构102传动连接进行储能时，另一部分所述储能机构300与所述发电机构400传动连接以驱动所述发电机构400进行发电。如此，能够确保发电机404连续稳定的运行。
以上实施例仅为本发明的示例性实施例，不用于限制本发明，本发明的保护范围由权利要求书限定。本领域技术人员可以在本发明的实质和保护范围内，对本发明做出各种修改或等同替换，这种修改或等同替换也应视为落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种海洋水能发电装置，其特征在于，包括：
    发电机构，其用于将机械能转化为电能；
    能量收集机构，其包括浮动部件和转换机构，所述浮动部件能够随海水波动，所述转换机构与所述浮动部件传动连接用于将所述浮动部件的波动能转换为转动能；
    储能机构，其包括第一绕线线轴组、第二绕线线轴组和能够弹性拉伸和收缩的弹性线，所述弹性线的两端分别与所述第一绕线线轴组和所述第二绕线线轴组连接，并卷绕在所述第一绕线线轴组和/或所述第二绕线线轴组上；
    切换机构，其用于将所述第一绕线线轴组切换为与所述转换机构传动连接，或者将所述第一绕线线轴组切换为与所述发电机构传动连接；
    其中，当所述第一绕线线轴组与所述转换机构传动连接时，所述第一绕线线轴组在所述转换机构的带动下向一个方向转动并卷绕所述弹性线，所述第二绕线线轴组释放所述弹性线，且所述第一绕线线轴组的绕线速度大于所述第二绕线线轴组的放线速度，以张紧所述弹性线，将所述转换机构的转动能转化为所述弹性线的弹性势能予以储存；
    当所述第一绕线线轴组与所述发电机构传动连接时，所述弹性线收缩并带动所述第一绕线线轴组向相反的另一个方向转动，以将储存的弹性势能转换为转动能，并带动所述发电机构进行发电，所述第二绕线线轴组卷绕处于松弛状态的所述弹性线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的海洋水能发电装置，其特征在于，所述第一绕线线轴组包括第一线轮和锁定机构，所述第一线轮用于卷绕处于张紧状态的所述弹性线，所述锁定机构用于锁定所述第一线轮以限制所述第一线轮转动。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的海洋水能发电装置，其特征在于，所述第二绕线线轴组包括：
    第二线轮，其用于卷绕或释放处于松弛状态的所述弹性线；
    驱动装置，其与所述第二线轮传动连接，用于驱动所述第二线轮转动，以卷绕处于松弛状态的所述弹性线；
    限制机构，其与所述第二线轮连接，所述限制机构构造为：在所述弹性线拉伸所述第二线轮并使所述第二线轮产生的扭力大于第一扭力时，允许所述第二线轮转动并释放所述弹性线，在所述第二线轮产生的扭力小于所述第一扭力时，限制所述第二线轮转动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的海洋水能发电装置，其特征在于，所述限制机构包括第一齿轮和弹性臂，所述第一齿轮与所述第二线轮传动连接，所述弹性臂的一端伸入所述第一齿轮的齿槽中；
    所述弹性臂构造为：在所述第一齿轮产生的扭力大于第二扭力时发生形变并从所述第一齿轮的齿槽中脱出，以允许所述第一齿轮和所述第二线轮转动；在所述第一齿轮产生的扭力小于等于所述第二扭力时止挡所述第一齿轮，以限制所述第二线轮转动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的海洋水能发电装置，其特征在于，所述弹性臂构造为能够绕其另一端处的转动中心转动，所述弹性臂的转动路径上分别设置有第一止挡部件和第二止挡部件；
    所述第一止挡部件位于所述弹性臂的一个转动方向上，用于限制所述弹性臂在该转动方向上的旋转角度，以在所述第二线轮释放所述弹性线并带动所述第一齿轮转动时，限制所述弹性臂从所述第一齿轮的齿槽中转出；
    所述第二止挡部件位于所述弹性臂的另一个转动方向上，用于限制所述弹性臂在该另一个转动方向上的旋转角度，以在所述第二线轮卷绕所述弹性线并带动所述第一齿轮转动时，允许所述弹性臂从所述第一齿轮的齿槽中转出。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的海洋水能发电装置，其特征在于，所述转换机构包括：
    第一转轴，其通过所述切换机构与所述第一绕线线轴组传动连接；
    第三线轮，其设置在所述第一转轴上，所述第三线轮构造为可绕所述第一转轴沿相反的两个转向转动且沿其中一个转向转动时能够向所述第一转轴传递动力，所述第三线轮上卷绕有第一牵拉绳并通过所述第一牵拉绳与所述浮动部件连接；
    卷簧，其设置在所述第一转轴上，所述卷簧的两端分别与所述第一转轴和所述第三线轮连接；
    当所述浮动部件波动，并通过所述第一牵拉绳拉动所述第三线轮沿该一个转向转动时，所述第三线轮带动所述卷簧收紧；当所述浮动部件的拉力消减时，所述卷簧释放并带动所述第三线轮沿相反的另一个转向转动，所述第三线轮卷绕所述第一牵拉绳。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的海洋水能发电装置，其特征在于，所述浮动部件的一侧与所述第一牵拉绳连接，所述浮动部件的另一侧通过第二牵拉绳与海底连接；和/或
    所述第三线轮通过单向棘轮与所述第一转轴传动连接，以使该第三线轮沿该一个转向转动时向所述第一转轴传递动力。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的海洋水能发电装置，其特征在于，所述切换机构包括第一回转件、第二回转件、第三回转件和移动机构，所述第一回转件、所述第二回转件和所述第三回转件同轴布置且沿轴向依次间隔设置，所述第一回转件与所述转换机构传动连接，所述第二回转件与所述第一绕线线轴组传动连接，所述第三回转件与所述发电机构传动连接，所述第一回转件和所述第二回转件相对的端面上分别设有能够相互卡合的第一卡接结构，所述第二回转件和所述第三回转件相对的端面上分别设有能够相互卡合的第二卡接结构，所述移动机构用于驱动所述第二回转件沿轴向移动，以使所述第二回转件通过所述第一卡接结构与所述第一回转件卡合，或者使所述第二回转件通过所述第二卡接结构与所述第三回转件卡合。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的海洋水能发电装置，其特征在于，所述转换机构与第一齿轮组传动连接，所述第一齿轮组能够通过所述切换机构与所述第一绕线线轴组传动连接；和/或
    所述发电机构包括第二齿轮组、飞轮和发电机，所述第一绕线线轴组能够通过所述切换机构与所述第二齿轮组传动连接，所述第二齿轮组通过所述飞轮与所述发电机传动连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的海洋水能发电装置，其特征在于，所述海洋水能发电装置包括多个所述储能机构，在一部分所述储能机构与所述转换结构传动连接进行储能时，另一部分所述储能机构与所述发电机构传动连接以驱动所述发电机构进行发电。
PCT/CN2022/133615 2022-03-21 2022-11-23 海洋水能发电装置 WO2023179064A1 (zh)

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